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Tips and Examples for Writing Thesis Statements

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Tips for Writing Your Thesis Statement

1. Determine what kind of paper you are writing:

• An analytical paper breaks down an issue or an idea into its component parts, evaluates the issue or idea, and presents this breakdown and evaluation to the audience.
• An expository (explanatory) paper explains something to the audience.
• An argumentative paper makes a claim about a topic and justifies this claim with specific evidence. The claim could be an opinion, a policy proposal, an evaluation, a cause-and-effect statement, or an interpretation. The goal of the argumentative paper is to convince the audience that the claim is true based on the evidence provided.

If you are writing a text that does not fall under these three categories (e.g., a narrative), a thesis statement somewhere in the first paragraph could still be helpful to your reader.

2. Your thesis statement should be specific—it should cover only what you will discuss in your paper and should be supported with specific evidence.

3. The thesis statement usually appears at the end of the first paragraph of a paper.

4. Your topic may change as you write, so you may need to revise your thesis statement to reflect exactly what you have discussed in the paper.

Thesis Statement Examples

Example of an analytical thesis statement:

The paper that follows should:

• Explain the analysis of the college admission process
• Explain the challenge facing admissions counselors

Example of an expository (explanatory) thesis statement:

• Explain how students spend their time studying, attending class, and socializing with peers

Example of an argumentative thesis statement:

• Present an argument and give evidence to support the claim that students should pursue community projects before entering college

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Writing Tutorial Services

How to write a thesis statement, what is a thesis statement.

Almost all of us—even if we don’t do it consciously—look early in an essay for a one- or two-sentence condensation of the argument or analysis that is to follow. We refer to that condensation as a thesis statement.

Why Should Your Essay Contain a Thesis Statement?

• to test your ideas by distilling them into a sentence or two
• to better organize and develop your argument
• to provide your reader with a “guide” to your argument

In general, your thesis statement will accomplish these goals if you think of the thesis as the answer to the question your paper explores.

How Can You Write a Good Thesis Statement?

Here are some helpful hints to get you started. You can either scroll down or select a link to a specific topic.

How to Generate a Thesis Statement if the Topic is Assigned How to Generate a Thesis Statement if the Topic is not Assigned How to Tell a Strong Thesis Statement from a Weak One

How to Generate a Thesis Statement if the Topic is Assigned

Almost all assignments, no matter how complicated, can be reduced to a single question. Your first step, then, is to distill the assignment into a specific question. For example, if your assignment is, “Write a report to the local school board explaining the potential benefits of using computers in a fourth-grade class,” turn the request into a question like, “What are the potential benefits of using computers in a fourth-grade class?” After you’ve chosen the question your essay will answer, compose one or two complete sentences answering that question.

Q: “What are the potential benefits of using computers in a fourth-grade class?” A: “The potential benefits of using computers in a fourth-grade class are . . .”

A: “Using computers in a fourth-grade class promises to improve . . .”

The answer to the question is the thesis statement for the essay.

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How to Generate a Thesis Statement if the Topic is not Assigned

Even if your assignment doesn’t ask a specific question, your thesis statement still needs to answer a question about the issue you’d like to explore. In this situation, your job is to figure out what question you’d like to write about.

A good thesis statement will usually include the following four attributes:

• take on a subject upon which reasonable people could disagree
• deal with a subject that can be adequately treated given the nature of the assignment
• express one main idea
• assert your conclusions about a subject

Let’s see how to generate a thesis statement for a social policy paper.

Brainstorm the topic . Let’s say that your class focuses upon the problems posed by changes in the dietary habits of Americans. You find that you are interested in the amount of sugar Americans consume.

You start out with a thesis statement like this:

Sugar consumption.

This fragment isn’t a thesis statement. Instead, it simply indicates a general subject. Furthermore, your reader doesn’t know what you want to say about sugar consumption.

Narrow the topic . Your readings about the topic, however, have led you to the conclusion that elementary school children are consuming far more sugar than is healthy.

You change your thesis to look like this:

Reducing sugar consumption by elementary school children.

This fragment not only announces your subject, but it focuses on one segment of the population: elementary school children. Furthermore, it raises a subject upon which reasonable people could disagree, because while most people might agree that children consume more sugar than they used to, not everyone would agree on what should be done or who should do it. You should note that this fragment is not a thesis statement because your reader doesn’t know your conclusions on the topic.

Take a position on the topic. After reflecting on the topic a little while longer, you decide that what you really want to say about this topic is that something should be done to reduce the amount of sugar these children consume.

You revise your thesis statement to look like this:

More attention should be paid to the food and beverage choices available to elementary school children.

This statement asserts your position, but the terms more attention and food and beverage choices are vague.

Use specific language . You decide to explain what you mean about food and beverage choices , so you write:

Experts estimate that half of elementary school children consume nine times the recommended daily allowance of sugar.

This statement is specific, but it isn’t a thesis. It merely reports a statistic instead of making an assertion.

Make an assertion based on clearly stated support. You finally revise your thesis statement one more time to look like this:

Because half of all American elementary school children consume nine times the recommended daily allowance of sugar, schools should be required to replace the beverages in soda machines with healthy alternatives.

Notice how the thesis answers the question, “What should be done to reduce sugar consumption by children, and who should do it?” When you started thinking about the paper, you may not have had a specific question in mind, but as you became more involved in the topic, your ideas became more specific. Your thesis changed to reflect your new insights.

How to Tell a Strong Thesis Statement from a Weak One

1. a strong thesis statement takes some sort of stand..

Remember that your thesis needs to show your conclusions about a subject. For example, if you are writing a paper for a class on fitness, you might be asked to choose a popular weight-loss product to evaluate. Here are two thesis statements:

There are some negative and positive aspects to the Banana Herb Tea Supplement.

This is a weak thesis statement. First, it fails to take a stand. Second, the phrase negative and positive aspects is vague.

Because Banana Herb Tea Supplement promotes rapid weight loss that results in the loss of muscle and lean body mass, it poses a potential danger to customers.

This is a strong thesis because it takes a stand, and because it's specific.

2. A strong thesis statement justifies discussion.

Your thesis should indicate the point of the discussion. If your assignment is to write a paper on kinship systems, using your own family as an example, you might come up with either of these two thesis statements:

My family is an extended family.

This is a weak thesis because it merely states an observation. Your reader won’t be able to tell the point of the statement, and will probably stop reading.

While most American families would view consanguineal marriage as a threat to the nuclear family structure, many Iranian families, like my own, believe that these marriages help reinforce kinship ties in an extended family.

This is a strong thesis because it shows how your experience contradicts a widely-accepted view. A good strategy for creating a strong thesis is to show that the topic is controversial. Readers will be interested in reading the rest of the essay to see how you support your point.

3. A strong thesis statement expresses one main idea.

Readers need to be able to see that your paper has one main point. If your thesis statement expresses more than one idea, then you might confuse your readers about the subject of your paper. For example:

Companies need to exploit the marketing potential of the Internet, and Web pages can provide both advertising and customer support.

This is a weak thesis statement because the reader can’t decide whether the paper is about marketing on the Internet or Web pages. To revise the thesis, the relationship between the two ideas needs to become more clear. One way to revise the thesis would be to write:

Because the Internet is filled with tremendous marketing potential, companies should exploit this potential by using Web pages that offer both advertising and customer support.

This is a strong thesis because it shows that the two ideas are related. Hint: a great many clear and engaging thesis statements contain words like because , since , so , although , unless , and however .

4. A strong thesis statement is specific.

A thesis statement should show exactly what your paper will be about, and will help you keep your paper to a manageable topic. For example, if you're writing a seven-to-ten page paper on hunger, you might say:

World hunger has many causes and effects.

This is a weak thesis statement for two major reasons. First, world hunger can’t be discussed thoroughly in seven to ten pages. Second, many causes and effects is vague. You should be able to identify specific causes and effects. A revised thesis might look like this:

Hunger persists in Glandelinia because jobs are scarce and farming in the infertile soil is rarely profitable.

This is a strong thesis statement because it narrows the subject to a more specific and manageable topic, and it also identifies the specific causes for the existence of hunger.

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Developing a Thesis Statement

Many papers you write require developing a thesis statement. In this section you’ll learn what a thesis statement is and how to write one.

Keep in mind that not all papers require thesis statements . If in doubt, please consult your instructor for assistance.

What is a thesis statement?

A thesis statement . . .

• Makes an argumentative assertion about a topic; it states the conclusions that you have reached about your topic.
• Makes a promise to the reader about the scope, purpose, and direction of your paper.
• Is focused and specific enough to be “proven” within the boundaries of your paper.
• Is generally located near the end of the introduction ; sometimes, in a long paper, the thesis will be expressed in several sentences or in an entire paragraph.
• Identifies the relationships between the pieces of evidence that you are using to support your argument.

Not all papers require thesis statements! Ask your instructor if you’re in doubt whether you need one.

Identify a topic

Your topic is the subject about which you will write. Your assignment may suggest several ways of looking at a topic; or it may name a fairly general concept that you will explore or analyze in your paper.

Consider what your assignment asks you to do

Inform yourself about your topic, focus on one aspect of your topic, ask yourself whether your topic is worthy of your efforts, generate a topic from an assignment.

Below are some possible topics based on sample assignments.

Sample assignment 1

Analyze Spain’s neutrality in World War II.

Identified topic

Franco’s role in the diplomatic relationships between the Allies and the Axis

This topic avoids generalities such as “Spain” and “World War II,” addressing instead on Franco’s role (a specific aspect of “Spain”) and the diplomatic relations between the Allies and Axis (a specific aspect of World War II).

Sample assignment 2

Analyze one of Homer’s epic similes in the Iliad.

The relationship between the portrayal of warfare and the epic simile about Simoisius at 4.547-64.

This topic focuses on a single simile and relates it to a single aspect of the Iliad ( warfare being a major theme in that work).

Developing a Thesis Statement–Additional information

Your assignment may suggest several ways of looking at a topic, or it may name a fairly general concept that you will explore or analyze in your paper. You’ll want to read your assignment carefully, looking for key terms that you can use to focus your topic.

Sample assignment: Analyze Spain’s neutrality in World War II Key terms: analyze, Spain’s neutrality, World War II

After you’ve identified the key words in your topic, the next step is to read about them in several sources, or generate as much information as possible through an analysis of your topic. Obviously, the more material or knowledge you have, the more possibilities will be available for a strong argument. For the sample assignment above, you’ll want to look at books and articles on World War II in general, and Spain’s neutrality in particular.

As you consider your options, you must decide to focus on one aspect of your topic. This means that you cannot include everything you’ve learned about your topic, nor should you go off in several directions. If you end up covering too many different aspects of a topic, your paper will sprawl and be unconvincing in its argument, and it most likely will not fulfull the assignment requirements.

For the sample assignment above, both Spain’s neutrality and World War II are topics far too broad to explore in a paper. You may instead decide to focus on Franco’s role in the diplomatic relationships between the Allies and the Axis , which narrows down what aspects of Spain’s neutrality and World War II you want to discuss, as well as establishes a specific link between those two aspects.

Before you go too far, however, ask yourself whether your topic is worthy of your efforts. Try to avoid topics that already have too much written about them (i.e., “eating disorders and body image among adolescent women”) or that simply are not important (i.e. “why I like ice cream”). These topics may lead to a thesis that is either dry fact or a weird claim that cannot be supported. A good thesis falls somewhere between the two extremes. To arrive at this point, ask yourself what is new, interesting, contestable, or controversial about your topic.

As you work on your thesis, remember to keep the rest of your paper in mind at all times . Sometimes your thesis needs to evolve as you develop new insights, find new evidence, or take a different approach to your topic.

Derive a main point from topic

Once you have a topic, you will have to decide what the main point of your paper will be. This point, the “controlling idea,” becomes the core of your argument (thesis statement) and it is the unifying idea to which you will relate all your sub-theses. You can then turn this “controlling idea” into a purpose statement about what you intend to do in your paper.

Look for patterns in your evidence

Compose a purpose statement.

Consult the examples below for suggestions on how to look for patterns in your evidence and construct a purpose statement.

• Franco first tried to negotiate with the Axis
• Franco turned to the Allies when he couldn’t get some concessions that he wanted from the Axis

Possible conclusion:

Spain’s neutrality in WWII occurred for an entirely personal reason: Franco’s desire to preserve his own (and Spain’s) power.

Purpose statement

This paper will analyze Franco’s diplomacy during World War II to see how it contributed to Spain’s neutrality.

• The simile compares Simoisius to a tree, which is a peaceful, natural image.
• The tree in the simile is chopped down to make wheels for a chariot, which is an object used in warfare.

At first, the simile seems to take the reader away from the world of warfare, but we end up back in that world by the end.

This paper will analyze the way the simile about Simoisius at 4.547-64 moves in and out of the world of warfare.

Derive purpose statement from topic

To find out what your “controlling idea” is, you have to examine and evaluate your evidence . As you consider your evidence, you may notice patterns emerging, data repeated in more than one source, or facts that favor one view more than another. These patterns or data may then lead you to some conclusions about your topic and suggest that you can successfully argue for one idea better than another.

For instance, you might find out that Franco first tried to negotiate with the Axis, but when he couldn’t get some concessions that he wanted from them, he turned to the Allies. As you read more about Franco’s decisions, you may conclude that Spain’s neutrality in WWII occurred for an entirely personal reason: his desire to preserve his own (and Spain’s) power. Based on this conclusion, you can then write a trial thesis statement to help you decide what material belongs in your paper.

Sometimes you won’t be able to find a focus or identify your “spin” or specific argument immediately. Like some writers, you might begin with a purpose statement just to get yourself going. A purpose statement is one or more sentences that announce your topic and indicate the structure of the paper but do not state the conclusions you have drawn . Thus, you might begin with something like this:

• This paper will look at modern language to see if it reflects male dominance or female oppression.
• I plan to analyze anger and derision in offensive language to see if they represent a challenge of society’s authority.

At some point, you can turn a purpose statement into a thesis statement. As you think and write about your topic, you can restrict, clarify, and refine your argument, crafting your thesis statement to reflect your thinking.

As you work on your thesis, remember to keep the rest of your paper in mind at all times. Sometimes your thesis needs to evolve as you develop new insights, find new evidence, or take a different approach to your topic.

Compose a draft thesis statement

If you are writing a paper that will have an argumentative thesis and are having trouble getting started, the techniques in the table below may help you develop a temporary or “working” thesis statement.

Begin with a purpose statement that you will later turn into a thesis statement.

Assignment: Discuss the history of the Reform Party and explain its influence on the 1990 presidential and Congressional election.

Purpose Statement: This paper briefly sketches the history of the grassroots, conservative, Perot-led Reform Party and analyzes how it influenced the economic and social ideologies of the two mainstream parties.

Question-to-Assertion

If your assignment asks a specific question(s), turn the question(s) into an assertion and give reasons why it is true or reasons for your opinion.

Assignment : What do Aylmer and Rappaccini have to be proud of? Why aren’t they satisfied with these things? How does pride, as demonstrated in “The Birthmark” and “Rappaccini’s Daughter,” lead to unexpected problems?

Beginning thesis statement: Alymer and Rappaccinni are proud of their great knowledge; however, they are also very greedy and are driven to use their knowledge to alter some aspect of nature as a test of their ability. Evil results when they try to “play God.”

Write a sentence that summarizes the main idea of the essay you plan to write.

Main idea: The reason some toys succeed in the market is that they appeal to the consumers’ sense of the ridiculous and their basic desire to laugh at themselves.

Make a list of the ideas that you want to include; consider the ideas and try to group them.

• nature = peaceful
• war matériel = violent (competes with 1?)
• need for time and space to mourn the dead
• war is inescapable (competes with 3?)

Use a formula to arrive at a working thesis statement (you will revise this later).

• although most readers of _______ have argued that _______, closer examination shows that _______.
• _______ uses _______ and _____ to prove that ________.
• phenomenon x is a result of the combination of __________, __________, and _________.

What to keep in mind as you draft an initial thesis statement

Beginning statements obtained through the methods illustrated above can serve as a framework for planning or drafting your paper, but remember they’re not yet the specific, argumentative thesis you want for the final version of your paper. In fact, in its first stages, a thesis statement usually is ill-formed or rough and serves only as a planning tool.

As you write, you may discover evidence that does not fit your temporary or “working” thesis. Or you may reach deeper insights about your topic as you do more research, and you will find that your thesis statement has to be more complicated to match the evidence that you want to use.

You must be willing to reject or omit some evidence in order to keep your paper cohesive and your reader focused. Or you may have to revise your thesis to match the evidence and insights that you want to discuss. Read your draft carefully, noting the conclusions you have drawn and the major ideas which support or prove those conclusions. These will be the elements of your final thesis statement.

Sometimes you will not be able to identify these elements in your early drafts, but as you consider how your argument is developing and how your evidence supports your main idea, ask yourself, “ What is the main point that I want to prove/discuss? ” and “ How will I convince the reader that this is true? ” When you can answer these questions, then you can begin to refine the thesis statement.

Refine and polish the thesis statement

To get to your final thesis, you’ll need to refine your draft thesis so that it’s specific and arguable.

• Ask if your draft thesis addresses the assignment
• Question each part of your draft thesis
• Clarify vague phrases and assertions
• Investigate alternatives to your draft thesis

Consult the example below for suggestions on how to refine your draft thesis statement.

Sample Assignment

Choose an activity and define it as a symbol of American culture. Your essay should cause the reader to think critically about the society which produces and enjoys that activity.

• Ask The phenomenon of drive-in facilities is an interesting symbol of american culture, and these facilities demonstrate significant characteristics of our society.This statement does not fulfill the assignment because it does not require the reader to think critically about society.

Drive-ins are an interesting symbol of American culture because they represent Americans’ significant creativity and business ingenuity.

Among the types of drive-in facilities familiar during the twentieth century, drive-in movie theaters best represent American creativity, not merely because they were the forerunner of later drive-ins and drive-throughs, but because of their impact on our culture: they changed our relationship to the automobile, changed the way people experienced movies, and changed movie-going into a family activity.

While drive-in facilities such as those at fast-food establishments, banks, pharmacies, and dry cleaners symbolize America’s economic ingenuity, they also have affected our personal standards.

While drive-in facilities such as those at fast- food restaurants, banks, pharmacies, and dry cleaners symbolize (1) Americans’ business ingenuity, they also have contributed (2) to an increasing homogenization of our culture, (3) a willingness to depersonalize relationships with others, and (4) a tendency to sacrifice quality for convenience.

This statement is now specific and fulfills all parts of the assignment. This version, like any good thesis, is not self-evident; its points, 1-4, will have to be proven with evidence in the body of the paper. The numbers in this statement indicate the order in which the points will be presented. Depending on the length of the paper, there could be one paragraph for each numbered item or there could be blocks of paragraph for even pages for each one.

Complete the final thesis statement

The bottom line.

As you move through the process of crafting a thesis, you’ll need to remember four things:

• Context matters! Think about your course materials and lectures. Try to relate your thesis to the ideas your instructor is discussing.
• As you go through the process described in this section, always keep your assignment in mind . You will be more successful when your thesis (and paper) responds to the assignment than if it argues a semi-related idea.
• Your thesis statement should be precise, focused, and contestable ; it should predict the sub-theses or blocks of information that you will use to prove your argument.
• Make sure that you keep the rest of your paper in mind at all times. Change your thesis as your paper evolves, because you do not want your thesis to promise more than your paper actually delivers.

In the beginning, the thesis statement was a tool to help you sharpen your focus, limit material and establish the paper’s purpose. When your paper is finished, however, the thesis statement becomes a tool for your reader. It tells the reader what you have learned about your topic and what evidence led you to your conclusion. It keeps the reader on track–well able to understand and appreciate your argument.

Writing Process and Structure

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Getting Started with Your Paper

Interpreting Writing Assignments from Your Courses

Generating Ideas for

Creating an Argument

Thesis vs. Purpose Statements

Architecture of Arguments

Working with Sources

Quoting and Paraphrasing Sources

Using Literary Quotations

Citing Sources in Your Paper

Drafting Your Paper

Generating Ideas for Your Paper

Introductions

Paragraphing

Developing Strategic Transitions

Conclusions

Revising Your Paper

Peer Reviews

Reverse Outlines

Revising an Argumentative Paper

Revision Strategies for Longer Projects

Finishing Your Paper

Twelve Common Errors: An Editing Checklist

How to Proofread your Paper

Writing Collaboratively

Collaborative and Group Writing

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How to Write a Strong Thesis Statement: 4 Steps + Examples

What’s Covered:

What is the purpose of a thesis statement, writing a good thesis statement: 4 steps, common pitfalls to avoid, where to get your essay edited for free.

When you set out to write an essay, there has to be some kind of point to it, right? Otherwise, your essay would just be a big jumble of word salad that makes absolutely no sense. An essay needs a central point that ties into everything else. That main point is called a thesis statement, and it’s the core of any essay or research paper.

You may hear about Master degree candidates writing a thesis, and that is an entire paper–not to be confused with the thesis statement, which is typically one sentence that contains your paper’s focus. 

Read on to learn more about thesis statements and how to write them. We’ve also included some solid examples for you to reference.

Typically the last sentence of your introductory paragraph, the thesis statement serves as the roadmap for your essay. When your reader gets to the thesis statement, they should have a clear outline of your main point, as well as the information you’ll be presenting in order to either prove or support your point. 

The thesis statement should not be confused for a topic sentence , which is the first sentence of every paragraph in your essay. If you need help writing topic sentences, numerous resources are available. Topic sentences should go along with your thesis statement, though.

Since the thesis statement is the most important sentence of your entire essay or paper, it’s imperative that you get this part right. Otherwise, your paper will not have a good flow and will seem disjointed. That’s why it’s vital not to rush through developing one. It’s a methodical process with steps that you need to follow in order to create the best thesis statement possible.

Step 1: Decide what kind of paper you’re writing

When you’re assigned an essay, there are several different types you may get. Argumentative essays are designed to get the reader to agree with you on a topic. Informative or expository essays present information to the reader. Analytical essays offer up a point and then expand on it by analyzing relevant information. Thesis statements can look and sound different based on the type of paper you’re writing. For example:

• Argumentative: The United States needs a viable third political party to decrease bipartisanship, increase options, and help reduce corruption in government.
• Informative: The Libertarian party has thrown off elections before by gaining enough support in states to get on the ballot and by taking away crucial votes from candidates.
• Analytical: An analysis of past presidential elections shows that while third party votes may have been the minority, they did affect the outcome of the elections in 2020, 2016, and beyond.

Step 2: Figure out what point you want to make

Once you know what type of paper you’re writing, you then need to figure out the point you want to make with your thesis statement, and subsequently, your paper. In other words, you need to decide to answer a question about something, such as:

• What impact did reality TV have on American society?
• How has the musical Hamilton affected perception of American history?
• Why do I want to major in [chosen major here]?

If you have an argumentative essay, then you will be writing about an opinion. To make it easier, you may want to choose an opinion that you feel passionate about so that you’re writing about something that interests you. For example, if you have an interest in preserving the environment, you may want to choose a topic that relates to that. 

If you’re writing your college essay and they ask why you want to attend that school, you may want to have a main point and back it up with information, something along the lines of:

“Attending Harvard University would benefit me both academically and professionally, as it would give me a strong knowledge base upon which to build my career, develop my network, and hopefully give me an advantage in my chosen field.”

Step 3: Determine what information you’ll use to back up your point

Once you have the point you want to make, you need to figure out how you plan to back it up throughout the rest of your essay. Without this information, it will be hard to either prove or argue the main point of your thesis statement. If you decide to write about the Hamilton example, you may decide to address any falsehoods that the writer put into the musical, such as:

“The musical Hamilton, while accurate in many ways, leaves out key parts of American history, presents a nationalist view of founding fathers, and downplays the racism of the times.”

Once you’ve written your initial working thesis statement, you’ll then need to get information to back that up. For example, the musical completely leaves out Benjamin Franklin, portrays the founding fathers in a nationalist way that is too complimentary, and shows Hamilton as a staunch abolitionist despite the fact that his family likely did own slaves. 

Step 4: Revise and refine your thesis statement before you start writing

Read through your thesis statement several times before you begin to compose your full essay. You need to make sure the statement is ironclad, since it is the foundation of the entire paper. Edit it or have a peer review it for you to make sure everything makes sense and that you feel like you can truly write a paper on the topic. Once you’ve done that, you can then begin writing your paper.

When writing a thesis statement, there are some common pitfalls you should avoid so that your paper can be as solid as possible. Make sure you always edit the thesis statement before you do anything else. You also want to ensure that the thesis statement is clear and concise. Don’t make your reader hunt for your point. Finally, put your thesis statement at the end of the first paragraph and have your introduction flow toward that statement. Your reader will expect to find your statement in its traditional spot.

If you’re having trouble getting started, or need some guidance on your essay, there are tools available that can help you. CollegeVine offers a free peer essay review tool where one of your peers can read through your essay and provide you with valuable feedback. Getting essay feedback from a peer can help you wow your instructor or college admissions officer with an impactful essay that effectively illustrates your point.

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What is a Thesis Statement?

What is a Thesis Statement?  

A thesis statement is a concise statement of an academic work's main point. The thesis statement should identify both what the paper is about (the topic) and what you are saying about it. Your thesis statement should be as specific as possible. For a short essay, the length of your thesis statement should be one or two sentences. If you are writing a dissertation or book, your thesis statement should be about a paragraph in length. A thesis should avoid saying "This paper is about..." Your thesis statement should be as specific as possible. 

A basic pattern to follow is "An analysis of (insert topic here) will show that (point one), (point two), and (point three)." Keep in mind this is only an example, there is no one-size-fits-all formula. 

Who Needs a Thesis Statement?

All academic writing, from a short essay to a dissertation or a monograph, should have an identifiable thesis statement somewhere in it. The longer or more complicated an academic work is, the easier is becomes to get bogged down in details and lose sight of the overall argument, and the more important it is to clearly state the central point. 

Where Should I Put My Thesis Statement? 

Thesis statements are most commonly located near the beginning of the academic work, usually towards the end of the introduction. This strategic placement allows the reader to quickly understand specifically what the essay is about and be able to follow the arguments as they are presented. 

Tips for Writing Your Thesis Statement

Tips and Examples for Writing Thesis Statements: Purdue Owl 

This resource from Purdue University's Online Writing Lab (OWL) provides tips for creating a thesis statement and examples of different types of thesis statements. 

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While Sandel argues that pursuing perfection through genetic engineering would decrease our sense of humility, he claims that the sense of solidarity we would lose is also important.

This thesis summarizes several points in Sandel’s argument, but it does not make a claim about how we should understand his argument. A reader who read Sandel’s argument would not also need to read an essay based on this descriptive thesis.  

Broad thesis (arguable, but difficult to support with evidence) 

Michael Sandel’s arguments about genetic engineering do not take into consideration all the relevant issues.

This is an arguable claim because it would be possible to argue against it by saying that Michael Sandel’s arguments do take all of the relevant issues into consideration. But the claim is too broad. Because the thesis does not specify which “issues” it is focused on—or why it matters if they are considered—readers won’t know what the rest of the essay will argue, and the writer won’t know what to focus on. If there is a particular issue that Sandel does not address, then a more specific version of the thesis would include that issue—hand an explanation of why it is important.  

Arguable thesis with analytical claim 

While Sandel argues persuasively that our instinct to “remake” (54) ourselves into something ever more perfect is a problem, his belief that we can always draw a line between what is medically necessary and what makes us simply “better than well” (51) is less convincing.

This is an arguable analytical claim. To argue for this claim, the essay writer will need to show how evidence from the article itself points to this interpretation. It’s also a reasonable scope for a thesis because it can be supported with evidence available in the text and is neither too broad nor too narrow.  

Arguable thesis with normative claim 

Given Sandel’s argument against genetic enhancement, we should not allow parents to decide on using Human Growth Hormone for their children.

This thesis tells us what we should do about a particular issue discussed in Sandel’s article, but it does not tell us how we should understand Sandel’s argument.  

Questions to ask about your thesis 

• Is the thesis truly arguable? Does it speak to a genuine dilemma in the source, or would most readers automatically agree with it?  
• Is the thesis too obvious? Again, would most or all readers agree with it without needing to see your argument?  
• Is the thesis complex enough to require a whole essay's worth of argument?  
• Is the thesis supportable with evidence from the text rather than with generalizations or outside research?  
• Would anyone want to read a paper in which this thesis was developed? That is, can you explain what this paper is adding to our understanding of a problem, question, or topic?
• picture_as_pdf Thesis

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Writing a Paper: Thesis Statements

Basics of thesis statements.

The thesis statement is the brief articulation of your paper's central argument and purpose. You might hear it referred to as simply a "thesis." Every scholarly paper should have a thesis statement, and strong thesis statements are concise, specific, and arguable. Concise means the thesis is short: perhaps one or two sentences for a shorter paper. Specific means the thesis deals with a narrow and focused topic, appropriate to the paper's length. Arguable means that a scholar in your field could disagree (or perhaps already has!).

Strong thesis statements address specific intellectual questions, have clear positions, and use a structure that reflects the overall structure of the paper. Read on to learn more about constructing a strong thesis statement.

Being Specific

This thesis statement has no specific argument:

Needs Improvement: In this essay, I will examine two scholarly articles to find similarities and differences.

This statement is concise, but it is neither specific nor arguable—a reader might wonder, "Which scholarly articles? What is the topic of this paper? What field is the author writing in?" Additionally, the purpose of the paper—to "examine…to find similarities and differences" is not of a scholarly level. Identifying similarities and differences is a good first step, but strong academic argument goes further, analyzing what those similarities and differences might mean or imply.

Better: In this essay, I will argue that Bowler's (2003) autocratic management style, when coupled with Smith's (2007) theory of social cognition, can reduce the expenses associated with employee turnover.

The new revision here is still concise, as well as specific and arguable.  We can see that it is specific because the writer is mentioning (a) concrete ideas and (b) exact authors.  We can also gather the field (business) and the topic (management and employee turnover). The statement is arguable because the student goes beyond merely comparing; he or she draws conclusions from that comparison ("can reduce the expenses associated with employee turnover").

Making a Unique Argument

This thesis draft repeats the language of the writing prompt without making a unique argument:

Needs Improvement: The purpose of this essay is to monitor, assess, and evaluate an educational program for its strengths and weaknesses. Then, I will provide suggestions for improvement.

You can see here that the student has simply stated the paper's assignment, without articulating specifically how he or she will address it. The student can correct this error simply by phrasing the thesis statement as a specific answer to the assignment prompt.

Better: Through a series of student interviews, I found that Kennedy High School's antibullying program was ineffective. In order to address issues of conflict between students, I argue that Kennedy High School should embrace policies outlined by the California Department of Education (2010).

Words like "ineffective" and "argue" show here that the student has clearly thought through the assignment and analyzed the material; he or she is putting forth a specific and debatable position. The concrete information ("student interviews," "antibullying") further prepares the reader for the body of the paper and demonstrates how the student has addressed the assignment prompt without just restating that language.

Creating a Debate

This thesis statement includes only obvious fact or plot summary instead of argument:

Needs Improvement: Leadership is an important quality in nurse educators.

A good strategy to determine if your thesis statement is too broad (and therefore, not arguable) is to ask yourself, "Would a scholar in my field disagree with this point?" Here, we can see easily that no scholar is likely to argue that leadership is an unimportant quality in nurse educators.  The student needs to come up with a more arguable claim, and probably a narrower one; remember that a short paper needs a more focused topic than a dissertation.

Better: Roderick's (2009) theory of participatory leadership  is particularly appropriate to nurse educators working within the emergency medicine field, where students benefit most from collegial and kinesthetic learning.

Here, the student has identified a particular type of leadership ("participatory leadership"), narrowing the topic, and has made an arguable claim (this type of leadership is "appropriate" to a specific type of nurse educator). Conceivably, a scholar in the nursing field might disagree with this approach. The student's paper can now proceed, providing specific pieces of evidence to support the arguable central claim.

Choosing the Right Words

This thesis statement uses large or scholarly-sounding words that have no real substance:

Needs Improvement: Scholars should work to seize metacognitive outcomes by harnessing discipline-based networks to empower collaborative infrastructures.

There are many words in this sentence that may be buzzwords in the student's field or key terms taken from other texts, but together they do not communicate a clear, specific meaning. Sometimes students think scholarly writing means constructing complex sentences using special language, but actually it's usually a stronger choice to write clear, simple sentences. When in doubt, remember that your ideas should be complex, not your sentence structure.

Better: Ecologists should work to educate the U.S. public on conservation methods by making use of local and national green organizations to create a widespread communication plan.

Notice in the revision that the field is now clear (ecology), and the language has been made much more field-specific ("conservation methods," "green organizations"), so the reader is able to see concretely the ideas the student is communicating.

Leaving Room for Discussion

This thesis statement is not capable of development or advancement in the paper:

Needs Improvement: There are always alternatives to illegal drug use.

This sample thesis statement makes a claim, but it is not a claim that will sustain extended discussion. This claim is the type of claim that might be appropriate for the conclusion of a paper, but in the beginning of the paper, the student is left with nowhere to go. What further points can be made? If there are "always alternatives" to the problem the student is identifying, then why bother developing a paper around that claim? Ideally, a thesis statement should be complex enough to explore over the length of the entire paper.

Better: The most effective treatment plan for methamphetamine addiction may be a combination of pharmacological and cognitive therapy, as argued by Baker (2008), Smith (2009), and Xavier (2011).

In the revised thesis, you can see the student make a specific, debatable claim that has the potential to generate several pages' worth of discussion. When drafting a thesis statement, think about the questions your thesis statement will generate: What follow-up inquiries might a reader have? In the first example, there are almost no additional questions implied, but the revised example allows for a good deal more exploration.

Thesis Mad Libs

If you are having trouble getting started, try using the models below to generate a rough model of a thesis statement! These models are intended for drafting purposes only and should not appear in your final work.

• In this essay, I argue ____, using ______ to assert _____.
• While scholars have often argued ______, I argue______, because_______.
• Through an analysis of ______, I argue ______, which is important because_______.

Words to Avoid and to Embrace

When drafting your thesis statement, avoid words like explore, investigate, learn, compile, summarize , and explain to describe the main purpose of your paper. These words imply a paper that summarizes or "reports," rather than synthesizing and analyzing.

Instead of the terms above, try words like argue, critique, question , and interrogate . These more analytical words may help you begin strongly, by articulating a specific, critical, scholarly position.

Read Kayla's blog post for tips on taking a stand in a well-crafted thesis statement.

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• What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

Published on September 14, 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on April 16, 2024.

A thesis is a type of research paper based on your original research. It is usually submitted as the final step of a master’s program or a capstone to a bachelor’s degree.

Writing a thesis can be a daunting experience. Other than a dissertation , it is one of the longest pieces of writing students typically complete. It relies on your ability to conduct research from start to finish: choosing a relevant topic , crafting a proposal , designing your research , collecting data , developing a robust analysis, drawing strong conclusions , and writing concisely .

Thesis template

You can also download our full thesis template in the format of your choice below. Our template includes a ready-made table of contents , as well as guidance for what each chapter should include. It’s easy to make it your own, and can help you get started.

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Table of contents

Thesis vs. thesis statement, how to structure a thesis, acknowledgements or preface, list of figures and tables, list of abbreviations, introduction, literature review, methodology, reference list, proofreading and editing, defending your thesis, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about theses.

You may have heard the word thesis as a standalone term or as a component of academic writing called a thesis statement . Keep in mind that these are two very different things.

• A thesis statement is a very common component of an essay, particularly in the humanities. It usually comprises 1 or 2 sentences in the introduction of your essay , and should clearly and concisely summarize the central points of your academic essay .
• A thesis is a long-form piece of academic writing, often taking more than a full semester to complete. It is generally a degree requirement for Master’s programs, and is also sometimes required to complete a bachelor’s degree in liberal arts colleges.
• In the US, a dissertation is generally written as a final step toward obtaining a PhD.
• In other countries (particularly the UK), a dissertation is generally written at the bachelor’s or master’s level.

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The final structure of your thesis depends on a variety of components, such as:

• Your discipline
• Your theoretical approach

Humanities theses are often structured more like a longer-form essay . Just like in an essay, you build an argument to support a central thesis.

In both hard and social sciences, theses typically include an introduction , literature review , methodology section ,  results section , discussion section , and conclusion section . These are each presented in their own dedicated section or chapter. In some cases, you might want to add an appendix .

Thesis examples

We’ve compiled a short list of thesis examples to help you get started.

• Example thesis #1:   “Abolition, Africans, and Abstraction: the Influence of the ‘Noble Savage’ on British and French Antislavery Thought, 1787-1807” by Suchait Kahlon.
• Example thesis #2: “’A Starving Man Helping Another Starving Man’: UNRRA, India, and the Genesis of Global Relief, 1943-1947″ by Julian Saint Reiman.

The very first page of your thesis contains all necessary identifying information, including:

• Your full title
• Your full name
• Your department
• Your institution and degree program
• Your submission date.

Sometimes the title page also includes your student ID, the name of your supervisor, or the university’s logo. Check out your university’s guidelines if you’re not sure.

Read more about title pages

The acknowledgements section is usually optional. Its main point is to allow you to thank everyone who helped you in your thesis journey, such as supervisors, friends, or family. You can also choose to write a preface , but it’s typically one or the other, not both.

Read more about acknowledgements Read more about prefaces

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An abstract is a short summary of your thesis. Usually a maximum of 300 words long, it’s should include brief descriptions of your research objectives , methods, results, and conclusions. Though it may seem short, it introduces your work to your audience, serving as a first impression of your thesis.

Read more about abstracts

A table of contents lists all of your sections, plus their corresponding page numbers and subheadings if you have them. This helps your reader seamlessly navigate your document.

Your table of contents should include all the major parts of your thesis. In particular, don’t forget the the appendices. If you used heading styles, it’s easy to generate an automatic table Microsoft Word.

Read more about tables of contents

While not mandatory, if you used a lot of tables and/or figures, it’s nice to include a list of them to help guide your reader. It’s also easy to generate one of these in Word: just use the “Insert Caption” feature.

Read more about lists of figures and tables

If you have used a lot of industry- or field-specific abbreviations in your thesis, you should include them in an alphabetized list of abbreviations . This way, your readers can easily look up any meanings they aren’t familiar with.

Read more about lists of abbreviations

Relatedly, if you find yourself using a lot of very specialized or field-specific terms that may not be familiar to your reader, consider including a glossary . Alphabetize the terms you want to include with a brief definition.

Read more about glossaries

An introduction sets up the topic, purpose, and relevance of your thesis, as well as expectations for your reader. This should:

• Ground your research topic , sharing any background information your reader may need
• Define the scope of your work
• Introduce any existing research on your topic, situating your work within a broader problem or debate
• State your research question(s)
• Outline (briefly) how the remainder of your work will proceed

In other words, your introduction should clearly and concisely show your reader the “what, why, and how” of your research.

Read more about introductions

A literature review helps you gain a robust understanding of any extant academic work on your topic, encompassing:

• Selecting relevant sources
• Determining the credibility of your sources
• Critically evaluating each of your sources
• Drawing connections between sources, including any themes, patterns, conflicts, or gaps

A literature review is not merely a summary of existing work. Rather, your literature review should ultimately lead to a clear justification for your own research, perhaps via:

• Addressing a gap in the literature
• Building on existing knowledge to draw new conclusions
• Exploring a new theoretical or methodological approach
• Introducing a new solution to an unresolved problem
• Definitively advocating for one side of a theoretical debate

Read more about literature reviews

Theoretical framework

Your literature review can often form the basis for your theoretical framework, but these are not the same thing. A theoretical framework defines and analyzes the concepts and theories that your research hinges on.

Read more about theoretical frameworks

Your methodology chapter shows your reader how you conducted your research. It should be written clearly and methodically, easily allowing your reader to critically assess the credibility of your argument. Furthermore, your methods section should convince your reader that your method was the best way to answer your research question.

A methodology section should generally include:

• Your overall approach ( quantitative vs. qualitative )
• Your research methods (e.g., a longitudinal study )
• Your data collection methods (e.g., interviews or a controlled experiment
• Any tools or materials you used (e.g., computer software)
• The data analysis methods you chose (e.g., statistical analysis , discourse analysis )
• A strong, but not defensive justification of your methods

Read more about methodology sections

Your results section should highlight what your methodology discovered. These two sections work in tandem, but shouldn’t repeat each other. While your results section can include hypotheses or themes, don’t include any speculation or new arguments here.

Your results section should:

• State each (relevant) result with any (relevant) descriptive statistics (e.g., mean , standard deviation ) and inferential statistics (e.g., test statistics , p values )
• Explain how each result relates to the research question
• Determine whether the hypothesis was supported

Additional data (like raw numbers or interview transcripts ) can be included as an appendix . You can include tables and figures, but only if they help the reader better understand your results.

Read more about results sections

Your discussion section is where you can interpret your results in detail. Did they meet your expectations? How well do they fit within the framework that you built? You can refer back to any relevant source material to situate your results within your field, but leave most of that analysis in your literature review.

For any unexpected results, offer explanations or alternative interpretations of your data.

Read more about discussion sections

Your thesis conclusion should concisely answer your main research question. It should leave your reader with an ultra-clear understanding of your central argument, and emphasize what your research specifically has contributed to your field.

Why does your research matter? What recommendations for future research do you have? Lastly, wrap up your work with any concluding remarks.

Read more about conclusions

In order to avoid plagiarism , don’t forget to include a full reference list at the end of your thesis, citing the sources that you used. Choose one citation style and follow it consistently throughout your thesis, taking note of the formatting requirements of each style.

Which style you choose is often set by your department or your field, but common styles include MLA , Chicago , and APA.

Create APA citations Create MLA citations

In order to stay clear and concise, your thesis should include the most essential information needed to answer your research question. However, chances are you have many contributing documents, like interview transcripts or survey questions . These can be added as appendices , to save space in the main body.

Read more about appendices

Once you’re done writing, the next part of your editing process begins. Leave plenty of time for proofreading and editing prior to submission. Nothing looks worse than grammar mistakes or sloppy spelling errors!

Consider using a professional thesis editing service or grammar checker to make sure your final project is perfect.

Once you’ve submitted your final product, it’s common practice to have a thesis defense, an oral component of your finished work. This is scheduled by your advisor or committee, and usually entails a presentation and Q&A session.

After your defense , your committee will meet to determine if you deserve any departmental honors or accolades. However, keep in mind that defenses are usually just a formality. If there are any serious issues with your work, these should be resolved with your advisor way before a defense.

If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or research bias, make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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The conclusion of your thesis or dissertation shouldn’t take up more than 5–7% of your overall word count.

If you only used a few abbreviations in your thesis or dissertation , you don’t necessarily need to include a list of abbreviations .

If your abbreviations are numerous, or if you think they won’t be known to your audience, it’s never a bad idea to add one. They can also improve readability, minimizing confusion about abbreviations unfamiliar to your reader.

When you mention different chapters within your text, it’s considered best to use Roman numerals for most citation styles. However, the most important thing here is to remain consistent whenever using numbers in your dissertation .

A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical first steps in your writing process. It helps you to lay out and organize your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding what kind of research you’d like to undertake.

Generally, an outline contains information on the different sections included in your thesis or dissertation , such as:

• Your anticipated title
• Your abstract
• Your chapters (sometimes subdivided into further topics like literature review , research methods , avenues for future research, etc.)

A thesis is typically written by students finishing up a bachelor’s or Master’s degree. Some educational institutions, particularly in the liberal arts, have mandatory theses, but they are often not mandatory to graduate from bachelor’s degrees. It is more common for a thesis to be a graduation requirement from a Master’s degree.

Even if not mandatory, you may want to consider writing a thesis if you:

• Plan to attend graduate school soon
• Have a particular topic you’d like to study more in-depth
• Are considering a career in research
• Would like a capstone experience to tie up your academic experience

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How to write a thesis statement

Published March 20, 2021. Updated May 1, 2022.

Thesis Statement Definition

A thesis statement is the main claim that you are making in your paper.

Overview of Thesis Statement

The thesis statement is usually one sentence and is located near the beginning of your paper, usually at the end of your introduction paragraph. It tells your readers what stance you take on an issue. Most of the time, when you are writing a paper, you will be responding to a prompt. Analyzing the prompt is essential in making sure your thesis statement actually addresses the question you are trying to answer. The thesis statement needs to directly answer this prompt in a focused and specific way. Some thesis statements also acts as a guide for your paper by telling readers the order in which premises will appear in the paper. This can help the reader be prepared for what you are going to say and to anticipate some of the ideas that you may write about.

Worried about your writing? Submit your paper for a Chegg Writing essay check , or for an Expert Check proofreading . Both can help you find and fix potential writing issues.

Steps in Writing a Strong Thesis Statement

Writing a thesis statement can feel overwhelming at first, but by following these steps, you can make the process less daunting.

Step 1: Analyze the Assignment Prompt

While it seems simple, analyzing the prompt is essential in making sure your thesis statement actually supports the question you are trying to answer. If you are given a prompt by your instructor, read it carefully several times. You may want to underline or circle key action words like “claim” or “analyze” and key terms from your class. Then, try to rewrite it in your own words. Even if it doesn’t sound perfect, putting it your own words will ensure that you really understand what it is asking.

Example assignment prompt: In a well-developed essay, explain how writers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as well as Enlightenment ideas, sparked the French Revolution.

Rewritten in your own words: Write a clear, well supported essay. This essay will not only be about HOW the French Revolution started, but it will be on ideas and writings (not events), specifically those of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Be sure to include other ideas from the Enlightenment.

At this point you will hopefully have a basic answer to the question presented in the prompt. It is okay if you don’t know exactly how to answer it, but you should jot down a simple answer to help you begin your writing.

Step 2: Do Your Research

A strong thesis statement will be clear and specific, and it will be later supported by evidence from your research. You won’t be able to write a statement like this until you do your research.

The research will look different depending on your task. If you are writing a literary analysis essay, you may need to search the text and identify important plot events, character changes, and quotations. This research may feel a lot like brainstorming. If you are writing an argumentative essay, you may need to find articles and books in the library or in databases.

While researching your topic, keep the assignment prompt and your general answer in mind. Try to see if your research supports your initial idea or if you will need to revise your idea based on the information you find.

Step 3: Narrow Your Focus

Chances are, after you complete your research, you will have more information than you need. Now is the time to look at all of the evidence, data, and sources you collected, and determine what relates specifically to your assignment prompt and your general answer and what does not. If you have irrelevant information, put it to the side and save it in case it becomes relevant later.

Next, try to categorize the research you have into a few distinct groups. If your prompt asks you to compare and contrast, you may sort based on similarities or differences. If your prompt asks you to analyze the character development of a character in a novel, you might create your categories based on changes in that character.

Step 4: Write the “Working Thesis”

Now that you understand the prompt and have completed thorough research, draft a version of your thesis. This statement is often called a “working thesis” because you will likely revise it several times throughout the writing process. Try to be clear and specific, answer the prompt directly, and state a claim you will prove in the rest of your writing.

Revising Your Thesis Statement

After you have written the first draft of your essay, it is time to go back and make sure your thesis statement still matches what you actually wrote about. Reread your thesis statement and the topic sentence of each paragraph. Make sure that all of the topic sentences directly support the thesis and that the thesis statement encompasses the ideas you presented in your body paragraphs. If you find that they don’t perfectly align, you may need to revise your thesis statement to match what you wrote.

Now is also a good time to make sure your thesis statement uses effective language. Make sure you have used active verbs instead of passive and that your tone is professional and academic. If you have words like “very” or “extremely,” you could replace them with stronger and more specific options like “significant” or “acutely.”

Examples of Working Thesis Statements and Thesis Statements

Let’s take a look at a few examples of working thesis statements and thesis statements. For this first example, your assignment prompt asked you to discuss the impact of reading on children. After a bit of research, you may land on the following idea:

It is important for children to read often when they are in early elementary school.

This statement is a good working thesis, but it is not strong enough to be your final draft. It does make a claim, but it is vague and does not provide a roadmap for the reader. It also does not discuss the impact of reading. Why is it important for children to read? What are the benefits of children reading? A stronger thesis statement might say:

Children who read often in early elementary school develop strong vocabularies and improve their reading comprehension skills, increasing their confidence in reading increasingly complex texts.

This revised thesis is more focused, is likely based on research, and helps readers see the key ideas you will discuss in the paper.

Now imagine that your professor has asked you to write an essay on the role of language in George Orwell’s 1984. After you have read through your notes, read the novel, and brainstormed ideas, you may decide on the following working thesis:

Control of language is used as a source of power in 1984.

This working thesis is a good start for your brainstorming and your outline. From here, you would want to consider how language is used as a source of power and why it is used that way. A revised thesis might read:

In George Orwell’s 1984 , the Party manipulates citizens into total submission to the Party’s ideals through Newspeak, propaganda, and altered history.

This thesis statement provides a clear guide to writing. It uses active verbs (e.g., “the Party manipulates”) and clear details of language (e.g., Newspeak, propaganda, altered history) from the novel.

Before you turn in that paper, don’t forget to cite your sources in APA format , MLA format , or a style of your choice.

Key Takeaways

• The purpose of a thesis statement is to tell your readers what claim you will be proving in your paper.
• To write a thesis statement, first analyze your prompt or identify a topic, then do your research, and finally write a “working thesis.”
• Be sure your thesis is clear, is direct, and makes a claim that you can support throughout your paper.
• Revise your thesis after you finish your first draft, adding detail to your claim and replacing weaker vocabulary choices with stronger ones.

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How to Write a Thesis Statement

Last Updated: July 20, 2024 Fact Checked

This article was reviewed by Gerald Posner . Gerald Posner is an Author & Journalist based in Miami, Florida. With over 35 years of experience, he specializes in investigative journalism, nonfiction books, and editorials. He holds a law degree from UC College of the Law, San Francisco, and a BA in Political Science from the University of California-Berkeley. He’s the author of thirteen books, including several New York Times bestsellers, the winner of the Florida Book Award for General Nonfiction, and has been a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in History. He was also shortlisted for the Best Business Book of 2020 by the Society for Advancing Business Editing and Writing. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 3,205,993 times.

Whether you’re writing a short essay or a doctoral dissertation, your thesis statement can be one of the trickiest sentences to formulate. Fortunately, there are some basic rules you can follow to ensure your thesis statement is effective and interesting, including that it must be a debatable analytical point, not a general truism.

Crafting Great Thesis Statements

• Thesis: "Computers allow fourth graders an early advantage in technological and scientific education."
• ' Thesis: "The river comes to symbolize both division and progress, as it separates our characters and country while still providing the best chance for Huck and Jim to get to know one another."
• Thesis: "Through careful sociological study, we've found that people naturally assume that "morally righteous" people look down on them as "inferior," causing anger and conflict where there generally is none."

• Ex. "This dynamic between different generations sparks much of the play’s tension, as age becomes a motive for the violence and unrest that rocks King Lear."
• Ex. "The explosion of 1800s philosophies like Positivism, Marxism, and Darwinism undermined and refuted Christianity to instead focus on the real, tangible world."
• Ex. "Without the steady hand and specific decisions of Barack Obama, America would never have recovered from the hole it entered in the early 2000s."

• "While both sides fought the Civil War over the issue of slavery, the North fought for moral reasons while the South fought to preserve its own institutions."
• "The primary problem of the American steel industry is the lack of funds to renovate outdated plants and equipment."
• "Hemingway's stories helped create a new prose style by employing extensive dialogue, shorter sentences, and strong Anglo-Saxon words."

• "After the third and fourth time you see him beat himself, one finally realizes that Huck Finn is literature's first full-blown sadomasochist."
• "The advent of internet technology has rendered copyright laws irrelevant -- everyone can and should get writing, movies, art, and music for free."
• "Though they have served admirably for the past two centuries, recent research shows that America needs to ditch the two-party system, and quickly."

• "By owning up to the impossible contradictions, embracing them and questioning them, Blake forges his own faith, and is stronger for it. Ultimately, the only way for his poems to have faith is to temporarily lose it."
• "According to its well-documented beliefs and philosophies, an existential society with no notion of either past or future cannot help but become stagnant."
• "By reading “Ode to a Nightingale” through a modern deconstructionist lens, we can see how Keats viewed poetry as shifting and subjective, not some rigid form."
• "The wrong people won the American Revolution." While striking and unique, who is "right" and who is "wrong" is exceptionally hard to prove, and very subjective.
• "The theory of genetic inheritance is the binding theory of every human interaction." Too complicated and overzealous. The scope of "every human interaction" is just too big
• "Paul Harding's novel Tinkers is ultimately a cry for help from a clearly depressed author." Unless you interviewed Harding extensively, or had a lot of real-life sources, you have no way of proving what is fact and what is fiction."

Getting it Right

• is an assertion, not a fact or observation. Facts are used within the paper to support your thesis.
• takes a stand, meaning it announces your position towards a particular topic.
• is the main idea and explains what you intend to discuss.
• answers a specific question and explains how you plan to support your argument.
• is debatable. Someone should be able to argue an alternate position, or conversely, support your claims.

• "Because of William the Conqueror's campaign into England, that nation developed the strength and culture it would need to eventually build the British Empire."
• "Hemingway significantly changed literature by normalizing simplistic writing and frank tone."

Finding the Perfect Thesis

• A clear topic or subject matter
• A brief summary of what you will say
• [Something] [does something] because [reason(s)].
• Because [reason(s)], [something] [does something].
• Although [opposing evidence], [reasons] show [Something] [does something].
• The last example includes a counter-argument, which complicates the thesis but strengthens the argument. In fact, you should always be aware of all counter-arguments against your thesis. Doing so will refine your thesis, and also force you to consider arguments you have to refute in your paper.

• There are two schools of thought on thesis timing. Some people say you should not write the paper without a thesis in mind and written down, even if you have to alter it slightly by the end. The other school of thought says that you probably won't know where you're going until you get there, so don't write the thesis until you know what it should be. Do whatever seems best to you.

• Never frame your thesis as a question . The job of a thesis is to answer a question, not ask one.
• A thesis is not a list. If you're trying to answer a specific question, too many variables will send your paper off-focus. Keep it concise and brief.
• Never mention a new topic that you do not intend to discuss in the paper.
• Do not write in the first person. Using sentences such as, "I will show...," is generally frowned upon by scholars.
• Do not be combative. The point of your paper is to convince someone of your position, not turn them off, and the best way to achieve that is to make them want to listen to you. Express an open-minded tone, finding common ground between different views.

Sample Thesis and List of Things to Include

Community Q&A

• Think of your thesis as a case a lawyer has to defend. A thesis statement should explain to your readers the case you wish to make and how you will accomplish that. You can also think of your thesis as a contract. Introducing new ideas the reader is not prepared for may be alienating. Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 1
• An effective thesis statement controls the entire argument. It determines what you cannot say. If a paragraph does not support your thesis, either omit it or change your thesis. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://wts.indiana.edu/writing-guides/how-to-write-a-thesis-statement.html
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/thesis_statement_tips.html
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/thesis-statements/
• ↑ http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/planning-and-organizing/thesis-statements
• ↑ https://writingcenter.uagc.edu/writing-a-thesis

About This Article

To write an effective thesis statement, choose a statement that answers a general question about your topic. Check that your thesis is arguable, not factual, and make sure you can back it up your with evidence. For example, your thesis statement could be something like "Computers allow fourth graders an early advantage in technological and scientific education." To learn about writing thesis statements for different types of essays or how to incorporate them into your essay, keep reading! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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How to write a literature review in 6 steps

What is a literature review?

How to write a literature review, 1. determine the purpose of your literature review, 2. do an extensive search, 3. evaluate and select literature, 4. analyze the literature, 5. plan the structure of your literature review, 6. write your literature review, other resources to help you write a successful literature review, frequently asked questions about writing a literature review, related articles.

A literature review is an assessment of the sources in a chosen topic of research.

A good literature review does not just summarize sources. It analyzes the state of the field on a given topic and creates a scholarly foundation for you to make your own intervention. It demonstrates to your readers how your research fits within a larger field of study.

In a thesis, a literature review is part of the introduction, but it can also be a separate section. In research papers, a literature review may have its own section or it may be integrated into the introduction, depending on the field.

➡️ Our guide on what is a literature review covers additional basics about literature reviews.

• Identify the main purpose of the literature review.
• Do extensive research.
• Evaluate and select relevant sources.
• Analyze the sources.
• Plan a structure.
• Write the review.

In this section, we review each step of the process of creating a literature review.

In the first step, make sure you know specifically what the assignment is and what form your literature review should take. Read your assignment carefully and seek clarification from your professor or instructor if needed. You should be able to answer the following questions:

• How many sources do I need to include?
• What types of sources should I review?
• Should I evaluate the sources?
• Should I summarize, synthesize or critique sources?
• Do I need to provide any definitions or background information?

In addition to that, be aware that the narrower your topic, the easier it will be to limit the number of sources you need to read in order to get a good overview of the topic.

Now you need to find out what has been written on the topic and search for literature related to your research topic. Make sure to select appropriate source material, which means using academic or scholarly sources , including books, reports, journal articles , government documents and web resources.

➡️ If you’re unsure about how to tell if a source is scholarly, take a look at our guide on how to identify a scholarly source .

Come up with a list of relevant keywords and then start your search with your institution's library catalog, and extend it to other useful databases and academic search engines like:

• Google Scholar
• Science.gov

➡️ Our guide on how to collect data for your thesis might be helpful at this stage of your research as well as the top list of academic search engines .

Once you find a useful article, check out the reference list. It should provide you with even more relevant sources. Also, keep a note of the:

• authors' names
• page numbers

Keeping track of the bibliographic information for each source will save you time when you’re ready to create citations. You could also use a reference manager like Paperpile to automatically save, manage, and cite your references.

Read the literature. You will most likely not be able to read absolutely everything that is out there on the topic. Therefore, read the abstract first to determine whether the rest of the source is worth your time. If the source is relevant for your topic:

• Read it critically.
• Look for the main arguments.
• Take notes as you read.
• Organize your notes using a table, mind map, or other technique.

Now you are ready to analyze the literature you have gathered. While your are working on your analysis, you should ask the following questions:

• What are the key terms, concepts and problems addressed by the author?
• How is this source relevant for my specific topic?
• How is the article structured? What are the major trends and findings?
• What are the conclusions of the study?
• How are the results presented? Is the source credible?
• When comparing different sources, how do they relate to each other? What are the similarities, what are the differences?
• Does the study help me understand the topic better?
• Are there any gaps in the research that need to be filled? How can I further my research as a result of the review?

Tip: Decide on the structure of your literature review before you start writing.

There are various ways to organize your literature review:

• Chronological method : Writing in the chronological method means you are presenting the materials according to when they were published. Follow this approach only if a clear path of research can be identified.
• Thematic review : A thematic review of literature is organized around a topic or issue, rather than the progression of time.
• Publication-based : You can order your sources by publication, if the way you present the order of your sources demonstrates a more important trend. This is the case when a progression revealed from study to study and the practices of researchers have changed and adapted due to the new revelations.
• Methodological approach : A methodological approach focuses on the methods used by the researcher. If you have used sources from different disciplines that use a variety of research methods, you might want to compare the results in light of the different methods and discuss how the topic has been approached from different sides.

Regardless of the structure you chose, a review should always include the following three sections:

• An introduction, which should give the reader an outline of why you are writing the review and explain the relevance of the topic.
• A body, which divides your literature review into different sections. Write in well-structured paragraphs, use transitions and topic sentences and critically analyze each source for how it contributes to the themes you are researching.
• A conclusion , which summarizes the key findings, the main agreements and disagreements in the literature, your overall perspective, and any gaps or areas for further research.

➡️ If your literature review is part of a longer paper, visit our guide on what is a research paper for additional tips.

➡️ UNC writing center: Literature reviews

➡️ How to write a literature review in 3 steps

➡️ How to write a literature review in 30 minutes or less

The goal of a literature review is to asses the state of the field on a given topic in preparation for making an intervention.

A literature review should have its own independent section. You should indicate clearly in the table of contents where it can be found, and address this section as “Literature Review.”

There is no set amount of words for a literature review; the length depends on the research. If you are working with a large amount of sources, then it will be long. If your paper does not depend entirely on references, then it will be short.

Most research papers include a literature review. By assessing the available sources in your field of research, you will be able to make a more confident argument about the topic.

Literature reviews are most commonly found in theses and dissertations. However, you find them in research papers as well.

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Christopher Daniel

Writing a working thesis statement for my critical review outline

• Christopher Daniel @christopherda8
• Thesis Statement
• Critical Review

Following the critical reading and methodical note-taking of the article being reviewed, it is important to prepare a strong thesis statement because it will facilitate the development of the outline of the critical review. The thesis statement will be the main framework of the review and it will be used at the end of the introduction paragraph that will introduce the development of arguments to explain my take on the article.

According to Skene, “a strong thesis will acknowledge both strengths and limitations of the article” and it is formulated “based on your overall evaluation.” To formulate my thesis statement for my critical review of Fernsten and Reda’s article, Helping students meet the challenges of academic writing, what I did was to find first the article’s objective, which is articulated in the abstract. After that, I compared it with the articles’ thesis statement, arguments and evidences, and tested if the conclusion meets the objective. When I found out that the body of the article and findings do not directly address the objective, and the title of the paper, I focused on the positive aspects of the research that adds value to the research objective. Then, I formulated my working paper statement, balancing the strong and weak points of the paper.

Below is my working thesis statement:

Fernsten and Reda’s article, Helping students meet the challenges of academic writing, succeeds in sharing strategies that educators can use to help students overcome ‘negative writer identity’ through the reflective writing process, but it does not offer recommendations on how to surmount the challenges that are specific to academic writing.

Now that I have defined my working thesis statement, my next step will be to outline the development of my ideas in preparation for drafting my critical review.’

Works Cited

Fernsten, Linda A., and Mary Reda. “Helping Students Meet the Challenges of Academic Writing.”  Taylor & Francis , 4 Mar. 2011, www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13562517.2010.507306?scroll=top&needAccess=true.

Skene, Allyson. “Writing a Critical Review.”  The Writing Centre , University of Toronto, utsc.utoronto.ca/twc/sites/utsc.utoronto.ca.twc/files/resource-files/CritReview

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How To Write A Reflective Essay About William Shakespeare

July 23, 2024

Often school, college, and university students are assigned to write an essays about William Shakespeare because he is one of the greatest poets in the history. Many modern students find such task confusing and difficult. This is due to the fact that not many young people are well familiar with Shakespearean works, his style of writing and life, which makes it difficult for them to complete William Shakespeare essay writing task.

Students, who face difficulties with this assignment are wondering – “How to write a reflective essay about William Shakespeare?” To answer this question, you should find out what is the goal of the task. This type of work is not much different from a usual essay, just like descriptive essay about mother. The only important distinctive feature of such text is that it has to reflect your personal experience related to the topic of the paper. If you need to find out, you must define what experiences you have with this poet and his life, how his papers had influenced you, etc.

How To Start Your Work?

How to start a reflection essay on Shakespeare? As any other work, it has to begin with a short intro, you can devote this part to the poet in general, his life and art, you can also mention which sonnet you liked the most, and conclude your introduction with a thesis. It is also necessary to explain to your readers why the chosen topic is important and relevant.

How To Create A Reflective Essay?

Creating a good academic paper requires time and preparation, but if you follow all the steps described below you will see that it is much easier than you thought!

• Preparation. Research the topic, identify your opinion, find enough sources of information, and make a detailed plan of your work.
• Working on the text. Make sure you read and understand the guidelines given by your teacher and follow them while working on the paper! Keep your custom writings  short and don’t deviate from the main topic of the text, and follow the proper structure – introduction; main body; conclusion.
• Final touches. When your work is finally completed, it doesn’t mean that there is nothing else you need to do, so don’t neglect proofreading and editing! You can put your text aside for a day or two and then read it again to ensure that it reflects the topic, doesn’t contain mistakes, and meets all the requirements.

What Are The Most Common Mistakes?

Many students approach William Shakespeare essay writing wrong because they don’t understand the purpose of this task. At this point, you must realize that reflective papers are much more subjective and personal than other academic works, so there is no “wrong” or “right”! It is all about your opinion and experience!

Note that you have to be more concise in your text because unlike if you were writing a William Shakespeare research paper, an essay has to be much shorter and straight to the point!

The last but not less valuable mistake is refusing to ask questions! You don’t know how to write an essay about Shakespeare? Then don’t hesitate and ask your teacher for advice and keep in mind that asking questions will never make your grade lower, but not asking a question actually can!

Scientific paper writing is challenging and time-consuming. Such assignments require dedication and attention apart from a good set of skills and knowledge. But, following these simple tips, you will learn to write a reflective research papers on William Shakespeare or any other topic with ease and get the highest grade!

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Learn how to write an annotated bibliography to achieve the best grades!

Published 24 Jul 2024

Writing an annotated bibliography is one of academic work's most challenging yet essential parts. This helpful EduBirdie guide will tell you all about the important parts, provide structure, and list useful examples. We shall also focus on formatting aspects and learn more about the differences.

Learning how to write an annotated bibliography may seem like a lot of work, yet our guide will make things much easier for you! With all the steps you must take, you can handle this part of your essay or research paper without worrying.

Learn what is an annotated bibliography in academic writing

Before you further discover how to write an annotated bibliography in the best way possible, let us define its main purpose. An annotated bibliography is a piece of academic writing that accompanies almost every research project. In layman’s terms, an annotated bibliography should give readers an account of your research work on a specified topic/subject. This means that you should provide a typical alphabetical list in an annotated bib format with relevant research sources you have used. If you have tried to learn how to write a literature review or tried to work with several sources, you will understand the main purpose of such work.

Here, you should provide more than bibliographic data. It must offer a concise summary based on each source used. You should also show an evaluation and analysis of why some resource or a book is valuable, important, and relevant to your work. Quite a lot will depend on what you wish to do. For example, you may have to provide an annotated bibliography template that belongs to a large research project. Likewise, it may be a separate project you may be asked to do as a college student.

The types of annotated bibliography

As you may already know, annotated bibliographies are often of different types. You must double-check your grading rubric instructions before you start with the formatting. While you may already have an example of annotated bibliography, take a quick look at these variations:

• Depending on what you must do in your research paper and/or assignment, the task is to provide a summary and avoid any evaluation. 
• Another type of assignment may involve noticing and commenting on certain patterns that show similarities and dissimilarities between two or more sources.
• An assignment may ask you to treat each given or found source independently.
• If working with a lengthy piece of writing, your bibliography may be separate research.
• Finally, an annotated bibliography layout may even include a preface that discusses your investigation type and justifies your sources.

Do not let it frighten you because each type of writing is not too challenging! If you are stuck with overcoming writer’s block and you need someone to push you through, it is only necessary to ask for help!

Comparing an annotated bibliography with a literature review and an abstract

It is no wonder that many students often feel confused when it comes to working with a literature review and working with an abstract. Here is what we need to know to see the difference when writing an annotated bibliography:

• An annotated bibliography : Each source is based on how exactly it relates to the topic.
• A literature review: This one combines multiple sources to show and evaluate where they agree or disagree. 
• An abstract: Here, you show a brief summary based on a particular resource. Unlike a bibliography annotation, it must provide a summary and evaluate the quality relevant to the chosen source.

In case you do not know how to work with any of these types of writing, you must consider paper writers for hire who will help you to determine what tasks you have to do. At the same time, you may also find an expert who can assist you with properly formatting the sources. Here is what we shall review next to let you see what it means when you have to work on an APA annotated bibliography format as one of the examples. If you already know some writing styles, the changes you must make to the annotated bibliography will not be too much work. 

The differences in writing an annotated bibliography in different styles (APA, MLA, Chicago)

If you have been given an assignment in MLA or the document is in annotated bibliography Chicago style format, the annotated bibliography must be in the same format. Let’s see the peculiarities of the most popular formatting: 

The APA style asks you to provide the purpose of your work, a brief summary of the content included, information about the authors(s), the type of the audience, and the relevance of your writing to the resource. It must have a running head and a page number. The "Annotated Bibliography" title must be centered. The font must be Times New Roman 12 with 1' margins. Here is an APA annotated bibliography sample to help you know what it looks like in practice: 

Danielsen, VE. (1999). Roles of Academic Writing in South Africa . London: Routledge. 

Danielsen's book provides complete documentation on the role of academic writing filled by various scientists in South Africa, the United Kingdom, and beyond. The book provides the challenges of the daily life of English students... The author discusses... The book includes a hypothesis that helped...

You must title your reference page "Annotated Bibliography" with annotations included in full. They should not go beyond a single paragraph. Here is what an MLA annotated bibliography looks like: 

Fleiss, Noah. The Big Blue Sky: Aviation and Simulation . MIT Press, 2022. 

The author, Noah Fleiss, examines various differences between aviation implemented in simulation and real field conditions. He provides various patterns based on his interest in the automotive industry... The author also explores various reviews that speak in favor of...

Remember adding the running MLA head on the page with the indents after the first line!

• Chicago style:

Ford, Lita. "Thirty Years in Metal: Women in Rock", Penguin Books, 2009

Lita Ford is a famous musician and the head woman behind the famous 70s metal all-female-fronted band called "The Runaways". She describes her life in the music industry and tells an honest review about all the hard work. Ford is as honest as a person can be with various examples and interviews. 

The hanging indent must be present, while the text must be double-spaced and aligned to the left. All the rest goes according to the rest of your paper, formatted in CMOS (Chicago Manual of Style). 

Speaking of interviews, if you need to create an excellent Chicago style interview citation or something related to a specific task, feel free to give us a shout! We are always available for you! 

What an annotated bibliography looks in practice: helpful examples

Nothing compares to having an annotated bibliography example you can look at. Of course, a lot will depend on what tasks you have. If you need to evaluate something, it will have a different tone and information you need to source. Sure enough, an annotated bibliography writer will be an excellent assistant, so feel free to ask if you are stuck somewhere. As for now, see this example: 

Smith, Patricia, 2014. Roles of Women in Political Rebellions. Manchester University Press. 

Patricia Smith is an anthropologist who has provided a detailed examination of the role of women in political rebellions. Interestingly, Smith starts with the Middle Ages and ends with the 2000s. As an author, she focuses on the sources, instruments, and the outcome. 

Here is what another example of an APA annotated bibliography looks like: 

Geraghty, D. (1997). Automotive Industry in Brighton Auto Services . Brighton: Cambridge Press. 

This book has helped me see the British perspective on a particular case scenario. Geraghty has provided various business schemes that helped me add more examples… The examples on pages 32 and 34 have helped me clarify my thesis. 

Since we have already learned the most about what an annotated bib format looks like, let’s move on to the steps you must take to create your personal annotated page. 

5 steps to write an annotated bibliography

Before you start with any type of writing, you must take the following obligatory steps: 

Step 1: Choosing relevant sources.

Locate those resources (books, journals, websites, etc) that may be useful to support your thesis and/or the main argument. 

Step 2: Review the list of items.

To learn how to make an annotated bibliography, you must look at all you have found and take specific notes. They must contain useful information and the background of the author if necessary. 

Step 3: Sort your sources according to a style format.

Since most sources must be sorted alphabetically, you may also sort them by order of importance. It is not always necessary, yet we have seen such cases. In either case, do every annotated bibliography citation based on the specified writing style. 

Step 4: Start with your annotation.

Write down all your notes and thoughts. As a rule, keep one source to one paragraph. It is a required format for annotated bibliography. If you go beyond one paragraph, use an additional indent. 

Step 5: Provide a thesis when and if necessary.

Some cases may require adding a thesis at the end or providing an additional analysis. It should be like precis writing , when you have to provide content in limited words based on an idea or a paragraph. 

How to make your annotated bibliography stand out?

Here are some tips that will help you to achieve success. Regardless of what annotated bibliography structure, you have to follow this checklist: 

• Identify the author’s thesis to find out the central claim or purpose. 
• See if there are any specific repetitions or omissions. 
• Take notes of what makes the author exceptional. 
• Notice how the text has been organized. 
• Notice what the theory is used for (an interpretation, analysis, overview, etc)
• Identify the methods to structure an annotated bibliography introduction example. It means that setting things clear right from the start is important! 
• Look for those final paragraphs that provide a summary.

At the same time, remember to paraphrase what you see in the book. If you are unsure what it means, see the plagiarism vs paraphrasing guide to learn all the specifics. 

Some final tips to remember!

Remember that taking notes is essential as it will help you save time. As you learn how to structure an annotated bibliography, you will already know what to write and how to tell your audience about the author. It will always pay off if you take time to prepare things first. If things still sound rough, let us know how we can assist 24/7. Our experts will guide you through!

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Written by Madeline Shields

Content Lead. Writing and plagiarism detection expert with a deep understanding of academic integrity and plagiarism cases.

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Postgraduate Thesis Statement

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Navigating the world of postgraduate research is a pivotal stage in one’s academic journey. As you advance into this realm, the emphasis on a well-structured thesis statement becomes even more crucial. A robust thesis statement not only anchors your research but also serves as a beacon, guiding your inquiries and arguments. Delve into these postgraduate thesis statement examples, along with an elucidative guide and valuable tips, to craft a statement that can stand the test of rigorous academic scrutiny.

What is a thesis statement for a Postgraduate? – Definition

A postgraduate thesis statement concise summary of the main point or claim of a research paper or essay at the postgraduate level. It serves as a roadmap for readers, outlining the central argument or purpose of the study. It’s typically more complex and in-depth than undergraduate thesis statements, reflecting the advanced nature of postgraduate research and the nuanced understanding required of the topic.

What is an example of a Postgraduate thesis statement?

Topic: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Modern Healthcare Systems

Thesis Statement : “This research explores the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in modern healthcare, asserting that AI’s integration not only optimizes diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy but also presents challenges concerning patient data privacy and the role of human medical practitioners.”

100 Thesis Statement Examples for a Postgraduate

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Crafting an impactful postgraduate thesis statement requires precision, depth, and a thorough understanding of your research domain. These examples span various disciplines, offering a glimpse into the intricacy and focus expected at this advanced academic level.

• Climate Change and Agriculture : “This study posits that climate change’s adverse effects significantly decrease agricultural yield, necessitating innovative adaptive measures for global food security.”
• Neuroscience and Memory : “This research delves into the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning memory retention, suggesting a pivotal role of the hippocampus in long-term memory consolidation.”
• Cultural Impacts on Marketing : “Examining Eastern versus Western marketing strategies reveals that cultural nuances significantly influence consumer behavior and brand perception.”
• Quantum Computing : “This thesis explores the potential of quantum computing in revolutionizing the computational landscape, emphasizing its superiority in solving specific algorithms compared to classical computers.”
• Mental Health and Social Media : “The correlation between social media usage and mental health outcomes among millennials suggests a significant increase in anxiety and depression rates.”
• Sustainable Architecture : “Green architectural practices not only reduce environmental footprints but also offer cost-efficient solutions in urban developments.”
• Blockchain in Banking : “Blockchain technology, with its decentralized nature, presents transformative prospects for banking security, transparency, and operational efficiency.”
• Child Psychology and Learning : “Play-based learning strategies in early childhood education yield superior cognitive and social development outcomes.”
• AI in Autonomous Vehicles : “Autonomous vehicles utilizing AI algorithms demonstrate a substantial reduction in road accidents compared to human-driven cars.”
• Genetic Engineering and Ethics : “The ethical ramifications of CRISPR technology in human gene editing necessitate stringent regulatory frameworks.”
• Migration and Global Economy : “Mass migrations, driven by socio-political factors, have a dual impact on global economies – rejuvenating labor markets while straining social services.”
• Gender Studies in Workplace Dynamics : “Gender diversity in corporate leadership roles directly correlates with increased creativity and profitability.”
• Astrophysics and Dark Matter : “The quest for understanding dark matter’s nature is pivotal in decoding the universe’s evolutionary trajectory.”
• Augmented Reality in Education : “Augmented Reality (AR) tools in educational settings foster immersive learning experiences, enhancing retention and engagement.”
• Global Health and Pandemics : “The global response to pandemics like COVID-19 underscores the necessity for unified international health protocols and rapid information dissemination.”
• Renewable Energy Adoption : “The transition to renewable energy sources is imperative for sustainable development, yet geopolitical and economic factors often hinder its large-scale adoption.”
• Linguistics and Language Evolution : “The evolution of human language is intrinsically linked to socio-cultural shifts, with technology playing a significant role in modern linguistic transformations.”
• Digital Transformation in Businesses : “Digital transformation, while streamlining operations, introduces challenges related to data privacy and workforce adaptation.”
• Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services : “A decline in global biodiversity directly impacts ecosystem services, affecting human sustenance and well-being.”
• Post-Colonial Literature : “Post-colonial literary works provide a lens to understand the enduring socio-cultural impacts of colonialism on previously colonized societies.
• Forensic Science and Crime : “Incorporating advanced forensic methodologies can significantly increase the conviction rate in criminal justice systems.”
• Space Exploration and Humanity : “The pursuit of interstellar travel holds implications not just for technological advancement but for understanding human resilience and adaptability.”
• Digital Art and Society : “The rise of digital art mediums challenges traditional art conventions, emphasizing the dynamic nature of artistic expression.”
• Nanotechnology in Medicine : “The infusion of nanotechnology in medicine offers prospects for targeted drug delivery, reducing side-effects.”
• Urban Planning and Mental Health : “Urban planning that incorporates green spaces directly influences inhabitants’ mental well-being.”
• Virtual Reality and Rehabilitation : “Virtual reality tools hold transformative potential in physical and psychological rehabilitation strategies.”
• Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence : “The evolution of AI compels a reexamination of philosophical constructs related to consciousness and autonomy.”
• Economics of Climate Change : “The economic ramifications of climate change encompass more than tangible damages, including the revaluation of assets and shifts in global labor markets.”
• Robotics in Healthcare : “Incorporating robotics in healthcare optimizes patient care, especially in surgeries and rehabilitation, but also raises ethical dilemmas.”
• Musicology and Emotions : “The intricate relationship between music and human emotion has neurobiological underpinnings, affecting mood regulation.
• Epigenetics and Disease : “Epigenetic modifications, though reversible, have profound implications in disease onset, progression, and potential therapeutic interventions.”
• Political Science and Media Influence : “The role of media in shaping public political opinions has intensified with the rise of social media platforms, necessitating a reevaluation of election campaign strategies.”
• Marine Biology and Coral Reefs : “The deteriorating health of coral reefs globally serves as an indicator of broader marine ecosystem imbalance and stresses the importance of conservation efforts.”
• Data Science and Privacy : “The surge in big data analytics offers unparalleled insights for businesses but simultaneously poses significant challenges to individual privacy.”
• Anthropology and Ancient Civilizations : “A study of ancient civilizations through anthropological lenses can unearth patterns of human social evolution and provide insights into contemporary societal structures.”
• Astrobiology and Extraterrestrial Life : “The quest for extraterrestrial life in astrobiology reshapes our understanding of life’s potential existence beyond Earth and its implications for humanity.”
• Sports Science and Athlete Performance : “Cutting-edge sports science technologies, from biomechanics to nutrition, have revolutionized athlete training, contributing to record-breaking performances.”
• Cryptography and Cybersecurity : “As cyber threats evolve, so does the field of cryptography, playing a pivotal role in ensuring data integrity and confidentiality in an increasingly digital world.”
• Sociology and Urbanization : “The rapid urbanization of modern societies presents challenges in social cohesion, demanding innovative solutions for ensuring inclusive growth.”
• Quantum Physics and Reality : “Quantum physics, with its counterintuitive principles, challenges classical notions of reality, necessitating a paradigm shift in our understanding of the universe.”
• Mathematical Modelling and Pandemics : “Mathematical models, especially when adapted promptly, provide critical insights into pandemic trajectories, aiding governments in crafting timely interventions.”
• Archaeology and Human Migration : “Modern archaeological techniques reveal intricate patterns of ancient human migrations, challenging conventional narratives of human history.”
• Psychology and Virtual Reality : “The immersion in virtual reality can have profound psychological effects, ranging from therapeutic benefits to potential mental health challenges.”
• Environmental Law and Conservation : “Contemporary environmental laws must adapt to the accelerating climate crisis, emphasizing both conservation and sustainable development.”
• Bioinformatics and Genomic Medicine : “Harnessing bioinformatics in genomic medicine allows for personalized medical treatments, revolutionizing patient care in the 21st century.”
• Space Technology and Satellite Communication : “The advancements in space technology have paved the way for more efficient satellite communication systems, reshaping global connectivity.”
• Geopolitics and Energy Resources : “The geopolitics of energy resources, especially in the Middle East, play a pivotal role in global economic dynamics and international relations.”
• Organic Chemistry and Drug Design : “Innovations in organic chemistry have revolutionized drug design, enabling the creation of targeted therapies for complex diseases.”
• Differential Equations and Engineering : “Differential equations serve as the backbone for modeling in engineering, from fluid dynamics to electrical circuits.”
• Sustainable Finance and Global Economy : “The rise of sustainable finance is not merely an ethical imperative but has tangible impacts on global economic stability and growth prospects.
• Ethnomusicology and Globalization : “Globalization has significantly influenced traditional music forms, introducing a confluence of styles while risking the erasure of unique cultural sounds.”
• Astronomy and Exoplanets : “The discovery of exoplanets challenges our understanding of planetary systems, suggesting myriad possibilities for life beyond Earth.”
• International Law and Cyber Warfare : “The increasing prevalence of cyber warfare necessitates the reevaluation and adaptation of international law to address virtual, borderless conflicts.”
• Biophysics and Cellular Mechanisms : “Biophysical studies reveal the intricate mechanics at cellular levels, promising potential breakthroughs in disease treatment.”
• Comparative Literature and Cultural Identity : “Exploring literature across cultures offers insights into evolving cultural identities in a rapidly globalizing world.”
• Environmental Engineering and Waste Management : “Advancements in environmental engineering have ushered in sustainable waste management practices, pivotal in combating pollution.”
• Metaphysics and Modern Physics : “Contemporary physics, especially quantum mechanics, intersects with metaphysical questions about the nature of reality and consciousness.”
• Robotics and Human Interaction : “The integration of robotics into daily life reshapes human interaction, posing questions about societal adaptation and ethical considerations.”
• Public Health and Aging Population : “With global populations aging, public health initiatives must recalibrate to address the unique challenges and healthcare needs of older adults.”
• Econometrics and Policy Making : “Econometrics, with its empirical analytical tools, plays a vital role in informing and refining economic policy-making.”
• Paleontology and Earth’s History : “Paleontological findings provide a window into Earth’s history, influencing our understanding of evolution and environmental changes.”
• Behavioral Economics and Consumer Behavior : “Behavioral economics uncovers the irrational patterns in consumer behavior, challenging traditional economic theories.”
• Human Rights and Globalization : “The trajectory of human rights in the age of globalization presents a paradox: while rights awareness has spread, violations persist and even intensify in some regions.”
• Topology and Quantum Computing : “The field of topology, focusing on properties of space, holds keys to advancements in quantum computing.”
• Comparative Politics and Democratization : “Comparative studies in politics reveal varying paths to democratization, shaped by historical, economic, and societal factors.”
• Bioethics and Genetic Engineering : “Bioethics emerges as a crucial field as genetic engineering capabilities advance, especially concerning human genome editing.”
• Nanoengineering and Material Science : “Nanoengineering has revolutionized material science, leading to the development of materials with unprecedented properties.”
• Migration Studies and Urban Development : “Migration patterns profoundly influence urban development, with cities evolving in response to diverse influxes of populations.”
• Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence : “Exploring the intersections of cognitive science and AI provides insights into replicating human-like learning and thinking in machines.”
• Art History and Digital Media : “Digital media has transformed art history, enabling immersive experiences of art and innovative methods of analysis.
• Oceanography and Climate Change : “The in-depth study of oceans reveals their critical role in regulating global climate, emphasizing the urgent need for marine conservation efforts.”
• Philosophy and Cognitive Sciences : “The intersections of philosophy and cognitive sciences offer profound insights into human consciousness, thought processes, and decision-making.”
• Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance : “The rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens necessitates urgent microbiological research to pave the way for new therapeutic approaches.”
• Linguistics and Neural Networks : “The relationship between linguistics and neural networks can provide insights into the development of advanced natural language processing tools in AI.”
• Forensic Science and Legal Systems : “Advancements in forensic science provide pivotal evidence in the legal system, but they also introduce ethical dilemmas related to privacy and potential misuse.”
• Criminology and Urban Safety : “Research in criminology indicates that urban safety strategies must evolve to address the changing dynamics of crime in densely populated areas.”
• Architecture and Sustainable Design : “Sustainable architectural practices are reshaping the built environment, ensuring energy efficiency and ecological harmony.”
• Biomedical Science and Personalized Medicine : “Personalized medicine, backed by biomedical research, holds the promise of tailor-made treatments, optimizing therapeutic outcomes for individual patients.”
• Agriculture and Food Security : “In the face of climate change, innovative agricultural techniques are paramount to ensuring global food security.”
• Dermatology and Nanotechnology : “Nanotechnology’s application in dermatology introduces potent solutions for skin ailments, but it also presents potential risks that require thorough investigation.”
• Political Economy and Global Inequalities : “The political economy framework reveals how power dynamics on a global scale perpetuate economic inequalities.”
• Aerospace Engineering and Interstellar Travel : “While interstellar travel remains a concept of science fiction, advancements in aerospace engineering gradually bring us closer to the possibility of exploring distant star systems.”
• Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases : “Emerging research in endocrinology offers novel insights into metabolic diseases, opening avenues for innovative treatment protocols.”
• Theology and Interfaith Dialogue : “In an increasingly interconnected world, interfaith dialogues become essential to understanding and bridging theological differences.”
• Optometry and Digital Screen Usage : “Increased digital screen usage poses challenges to ocular health, necessitating innovations in optometry for prevention and management.”
• Veterinary Medicine and Zoonotic Diseases : “Understanding zoonotic diseases in veterinary medicine is crucial, given the increasing frequency of animal-human disease transmission events.”
• Urban Planning and Smart Cities : “The concept of smart cities, backed by technological innovations, promises to reshape urban planning to create more sustainable and efficient urban environments.”
• Quantum Mechanics and Classical Physics : “The divergence between quantum mechanics and classical physics continues to intrigue scientists, pushing the boundaries of our understanding of the universe.”
• Pedagogy and Digital Learning : “The rise of digital learning platforms challenges traditional pedagogy, calling for new educational strategies that cater to the digital generation.”
• Entomology and Ecosystem Balance : “Studying insects, especially their interactions within ecosystems, is essential to understand broader ecological balances and the impacts of environmental changes.”
• Neuroscience and Meditation : “Exploring the neural impacts of meditation uncovers its profound effects on cognitive function, stress reduction, and emotional regulation.”
• Maritime Studies and Global Trade : “The intricate world of maritime studies is pivotal in understanding the nuances of global trade, geopolitical tensions, and environmental challenges.”
• Sociology and Social Media : “The integration of social media into daily life has dramatically reshaped societal structures, influencing individual behavior, communal relationships, and even political movements.”
• Paleobotany and Climate Archives : “Studying ancient plant remains offers a unique window into Earth’s climatic history, assisting scientists in predicting future climatic shifts.”
• Film Studies and Cultural Representation : “Cinema serves as a mirror to society, and the study of films provides insights into cultural representation, societal norms, and evolving ideologies.”
• Epistemology and Artificial Intelligence : “The philosophical study of knowledge, or epistemology, prompts crucial questions about AI’s capacity for knowledge and understanding.”
• Chemical Engineering and Renewable Energy : “Innovations in chemical engineering hold the potential to revolutionize renewable energy sources, making them more efficient and widely accessible.”
• Ornithology and Biodiversity : “Studying birds, their habitats, and migratory patterns offers vital information on biodiversity, ecological health, and the impacts of climate change.”
• Pharmacology and Personalized Treatment : “Advanced pharmacological research paves the way for personalized treatments, optimizing drug efficacy based on individual genetic profiles.”
• Anthropology and Globalization : “Through the lens of anthropology, the impacts of globalization on indigenous cultures, traditions, and societal structures become evident, revealing both positive integrations and adverse assimilations.”

Thesis Statement Examples for Postgraduate Argumentative Essay

Postgraduate argumentative essays thesis statement challenge students to take a position on a contentious issue, supported by rigorous research and evidence. Here are thesis statements that showcase diverse angles on various subjects:

• Online Learning : “Despite its convenience, online learning can’t replicate the experiential richness of traditional classroom interactions.”
• Artificial Intelligence : “AI has the potential to outpace human intelligence, making its ethical implications a top priority.”
• Climate Change : “Global warming is the definitive challenge of our generation, and deniers are on the wrong side of science.”
• Mandatory Voting : “Compulsory voting infringes on personal freedoms and doesn’t guarantee a more engaged electorate.”
• Telemedicine : “The rise of telemedicine, accelerated by the pandemic, promises equitable healthcare access but also raises concerns about the quality of remote diagnoses.”
• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) : “While CSR initiatives are often lauded, they can sometimes serve as mere PR strategies rather than genuine efforts for societal betterment.”
• Gene Editing : “CRISPR technology holds transformative medical potential, but unchecked edits might lead to unintended genetic consequences.”
• Work-from-Home : “Permanent work-from-home policies could revolutionize work-life balance, but might also blur boundaries leading to employee burnout.”
• Digital Privacy : “Given the increasing intrusiveness of tech giants, stringent data protection regulations are not just preferable but essential.”
• Nuclear Energy : “Nuclear energy, while a potent solution to energy crises, poses significant environmental and security risks.”

Postgraduate Thesis Statement Examples for Research paper

Postgraduate thesis statement for research papers delve deep into specialized areas of study, often contributing to existing academic literature. These thesis statements reflect some of these investigative pursuits:

• Microbiome and Health : “Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health, influencing everything from digestion to mental well-being.”
• Quantum Computing : “Quantum computing promises computational power leaps but faces hurdles in practical, scalable applications.”
• Space Exploration : “The recent discovery of water on Mars rekindles debates about its potential habitability.”
• Renewable Energy Storage : “Efficient storage solutions are paramount to maximizing the benefits of renewable energy sources like solar and wind.”
• Mental Health in Adolescents : “The rise in adolescent mental health issues in the digital age hints at social media’s role in exacerbating anxiety and depression.”
• Sustainable Agriculture : “Permaculture practices present a sustainable solution to the global food crisis by promoting ecological balance and reducing dependence on non-renewable resources.”
• Virtual Reality (VR) : “VR technologies in medical training can revolutionize surgical techniques, offering risk-free practice environments.”
• Linguistics : “The rapid extinction of indigenous languages threatens cultural diversity, necessitating urgent preservation efforts.”
• Nanotechnology in Medicine : “Nanobots, while still in nascent stages, hold transformative potential in targeted drug delivery, potentially minimizing side-effects.”
• Blockchain : “Beyond cryptocurrency, blockchain technology offers potential solutions to issues of data transparency and authentication in various sectors.

Postgraduate 3 Point Thesis Statement Examples

Three-point thesis statements succinctly introduce the main points to be discussed in the paper, creating a roadmap for the reader. Here are some tailored to postgraduate topics:

• Augmented Reality : “Augmented Reality enhances user interaction, offers education opportunities, and revolutionizes business models.”
• Bioinformatics : “Bioinformatics streamlines drug discovery, aids in genome sequencing, and offers insights into evolutionary biology.”
• Cognitive Neuroscience : “Cognitive neuroscience sheds light on memory processes, decodes decision-making, and unravels the mysteries of perception.”
• Data Science and Business : “Through predicting consumer behavior, optimizing logistics, and enhancing product recommendations, data science drives business innovation.”
• Green Architecture : “Green architecture promotes energy efficiency, utilizes sustainable materials, and enhances residents’ overall well-being.”
• Healthcare Policies : “Effective healthcare policies reduce medical costs, improve patient outcomes, and ensure universal access.”
• International Relations in the Digital Age : “The digital age reshapes international diplomacy, alters state security dynamics, and fosters new global partnerships.”
• Machine Learning : “Machine learning optimizes automation, delivers personalized content, and aids scientific research.”
• Urban Planning and Sustainability : “Sustainable urban planning ensures efficient transportation, promotes green spaces, and prioritizes community welfare.”
• Zero-Waste Movement : “The zero-waste movement reduces environmental degradation, fosters sustainable consumer habits, and promotes circular economies.”

Thesis Statement Examples For Masters Degree

Masters’ theses delve into intricate research topics, combining comprehensive literature reviews with original research. Here are examples for various fields:

• Global Health : “Addressing global health disparities necessitates international cooperation, local stakeholder engagement, and technological innovations.”
• Marine Biology : “Coral reef bleaching, driven by climate change, jeopardizes marine biodiversity and the livelihoods of coastal communities.”
• Artificial Neural Networks : “Neural networks, mimicking human cognition, revolutionize sectors from finance to healthcare, but require careful calibration.”
• Pedagogical Strategies : “Innovative pedagogical strategies, blending traditional and digital learning, cater to diverse student needs and foster holistic development.”
• Financial Markets : “Algorithmic trading, while maximizing market efficiency, raises concerns about fairness and systemic risks.”
• Contemporary Literature : “Postcolonial narratives in contemporary literature unveil suppressed histories, challenge dominant discourses, and reimagine identity.”
• Green Chemistry : “Green chemistry practices, minimizing environmental footprints, are imperative in the modern industrial landscape.”
• Space Physics : “Explorations into heliophysics provide insights into solar phenomena and their implications for Earth’s space environment.”
• Clinical Psychology : “Mindfulness-based interventions offer promising results in treating anxiety disorders, promoting long-term well-being.”
• Cultural Anthropology : “The digital age reshapes cultural practices, offering a lens to examine evolving societal norms and values.

Thesis Statement Examples To Study Abroad

Studying abroad enriches educational experiences, broadens cultural horizons, and fosters personal growth. Here are thesis statements that explore various facets of international education:

• Language Acquisition : “Studying abroad accelerates language acquisition by immersing students in native-speaking environments, enhancing linguistic fluency.”
• Cultural Identity : “Navigating a new cultural context challenges students’ perceptions, prompting a deeper understanding of both self and others.”
• Global Networking : “Studying abroad fosters international networks, offering cross-cultural collaborations and global career opportunities.”
• Academic Excellence : “Experiencing diverse pedagogical approaches in foreign institutions enhances critical thinking and academic prowess.”
• Cultural Adaptation : “Navigating cultural differences and adapting to new norms sharpens students’ adaptability skills and global perspectives.”
• Career Advancement : “International education equips graduates with a global skillset, making them more attractive to multinational employers.”
• Cultural Exchange : “Cultural exchange programs promote cross-cultural understanding, challenging stereotypes and fostering mutual respect.”
• Personal Growth : “Navigating unfamiliar terrains encourages self-reliance, resilience, and personal development.”
• Global Perspectives : “A global education broadens perspectives, nurturing empathy and a more holistic understanding of global issues.”
• Interdisciplinary Learning : “Studying abroad encourages cross-disciplinary exploration, enriching students’ academic and personal journeys.”

Thesis Statement Examples for Grad School

Graduate school, whether master’s or doctoral, entails rigorous research and academic inquiry. Here are thesis statements that exemplify the depth of inquiry at the graduate level:

• Medicine and Ethics : “Bioethics in medical practice ensures patient autonomy, informed consent, and ethical decision-making, even in complex cases.”
• Literary Theory : “Poststructuralist literary theory deconstructs conventional narratives, revealing hidden power dynamics and challenging literary norms.”
• Economic Policy : “Monetary policies that prioritize financial stability must also consider their social and economic implications for vulnerable populations.”
• Medical Imaging Advances : “Emerging medical imaging technologies promise quicker diagnoses, reduced patient exposure, and enhanced medical insights.”
• Education and Technology : “Integrating technology into education offers opportunities for personalized learning, but also raises concerns about equity and privacy.”
• Sustainable Development : “Sustainable development policies must balance ecological preservation, social equity, and economic growth in a rapidly changing world.”
• Criminal Justice Reform : “Criminal justice reform requires interdisciplinary approaches, addressing systemic racism, rehabilitation, and restorative justice.”
• Artificial Intelligence and Ethics : “Ethical considerations in AI development ensure that AI algorithms align with human values and avoid perpetuating biases.”
• Medical Ethics : “Euthanasia debates revolve around autonomy, dignity, and the responsibilities of healthcare professionals in end-of-life decisions.”
• Social Work and Vulnerable Populations : “Social workers play a pivotal role in advocating for vulnerable populations, addressing systemic inequalities, and promoting social justice.”

Doctoral Thesis Statement Examples

Doctoral theses are pinnacle works of original research, often contributing significantly to their fields. Here are examples that reflect the rigor and innovation expected at the doctoral level:

• Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation : “Investigating the brain’s adaptive capacities can revolutionize rehabilitation strategies for neurological injuries.”
• Quantum Mechanics and Gravity : “The unification of quantum mechanics and gravity remains elusive, demanding new theoretical paradigms to reconcile the two.”
• Sustainable Urban Design : “Creating eco-friendly, socially inclusive urban spaces requires holistic planning that incorporates environmental, economic, and societal factors.”
• Political Discourse Analysis : “Analyzing political discourse unveils power dynamics, linguistic strategies, and media’s role in shaping public opinion.”
• Cancer Immunotherapy : “Advancing cancer immunotherapy necessitates a deep understanding of the immune system’s complex interactions with tumor cells.”
• Modernist Literature and Identity : “Modernist literature’s fragmentation and ambivalence mirror the complexities of identity in the shifting modern world.”
• Nanomaterials for Clean Energy : “Designing nanomaterials with efficient energy conversion properties can revolutionize the clean energy landscape.”
• Historical Reconstruction through Archaeology : “Archaeological findings reconstruct historical narratives, offering insights into ancient societies, cultures, and practices.”
• Ethnobotany and Traditional Medicine : “Exploring ethnobotanical knowledge deepens our understanding of traditional medicines’ efficacy, informing modern healthcare practices.”
• Astrophysics and Dark Matter : “The elusive nature of dark matter challenges our fundamental understanding of the universe’s composition and gravitational forces.

Thesis Statement Examples for Postgraduate Nursing

Postgraduate nursing studies delve into advanced healthcare practices and research. Here are thesis statements encompassing diverse nursing topics:

• Telehealth in Nursing : “Integrating telehealth technologies enhances nursing care accessibility, especially in remote areas, while ensuring patient privacy and data security.”
• Mental Health Nursing : “Psychiatric-mental health nurses play a pivotal role in treating and destigmatizing mental health conditions, catering to holistic well-being.”
• Emergency Nursing Protocols : “Developing standardized emergency nursing protocols ensures timely, efficient care delivery in critical situations, optimizing patient outcomes.”
• Nursing Leadership : “Effective nursing leadership fosters a culture of collaboration, staff empowerment, and improved patient safety within healthcare institutions.”
• Pediatric Palliative Care : “Specialized pediatric palliative care addresses the unique needs of seriously ill children, offering comfort, pain relief, and emotional support.”
• Nurse Education Strategies : “Innovative nurse education approaches, from simulation-based learning to flipped classrooms, enhance critical thinking and clinical skills.”
• Nurse Advocacy in Policy : “Nurse advocacy in healthcare policy-making safeguards patient rights, promotes evidence-based care, and addresses healthcare disparities.”
• Nursing Research Impact : “Translating nursing research findings into clinical practice ensures evidence-based care, improving patient outcomes and healthcare quality.”
• Nursing Ethics : “Navigating ethical dilemmas in nursing involves balancing patient autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence while upholding professional integrity.”
• Global Health Nursing : “Global health nursing addresses disparities, infectious diseases, and healthcare access challenges across diverse cultures and settings.”

Thesis Statement Examples for Postgraduate Degree

Postgraduate degrees encompass a wide array of subjects. Here are thesis statements that highlight the advanced research and expertise required for various disciplines:

• Cultural Heritage Management : “Cultural heritage management requires interdisciplinary collaboration, legal frameworks, and community engagement to preserve diverse histories.”
• Digital Humanities : “Digital humanities marry technological advancements with humanistic inquiry, fostering new ways to analyze and understand cultural artifacts.”
• Environmental Economics : “Environmental economics evaluates the economic impacts of environmental policies, assessing trade-offs between growth and sustainability.”
• Organizational Psychology : “Organizational psychology studies human behavior in workplaces, aiding in employee motivation, team dynamics, and organizational performance.”
• Music Therapy : “Music therapy combines artistic expression and psychology, improving mental health outcomes and emotional well-being through musical interventions.”
• Fashion Sustainability : “Sustainable fashion integrates ethical practices, eco-friendly materials, and circular economies, reshaping the fashion industry’s ecological impact.”
• Robotics Engineering : “Robotics engineering advances automation, prosthetics, and AI, necessitating breakthroughs in mechanics, electronics, and artificial intelligence.”
• Comparative Literature : “Comparative literature transcends cultural and linguistic boundaries, analyzing narratives’ universal themes and cultural contexts.”
• Global Supply Chain Management : “Effective global supply chain management demands risk assessment, supplier collaboration, and dynamic logistical strategies.”
• Visual Communication Design : “Visual communication design merges aesthetics with functionality, influencing how information is conveyed and experienced in various media.”

Short Thesis Statement Examples for Postgraduate

Concise and impactful, short thesis statements convey the essence of postgraduate research topics. Here are succinct examples:

• Medical Ethics : “Balancing patient autonomy and medical beneficence raises pivotal ethical questions in healthcare.”
• Renewable Energy : “Advancing renewable energy technologies is vital for mitigating climate change and achieving energy security.”
• Diversity in Education : “Embracing diversity in education enriches learning environments, fostering global citizenship and empathy.”
• Cybersecurity : “Ensuring cybersecurity safeguards data integrity, privacy, and digital infrastructures from cyber threats.”
• Community Policing : “Community policing bridges gaps, enhancing police-public relations, and fostering safer neighborhoods.”
• Corporate Sustainability : “Corporate sustainability integrates profit with social responsibility, driving ethical business practices and ecological preservation.”
• Aging Population : “Adapting to an aging population requires comprehensive healthcare strategies and social support systems.”
• AI in Healthcare : “AI-driven diagnostics accelerate medical diagnoses, revolutionizing patient care and disease management.”
• Urban Resilience : “Building urban resilience addresses climate-related challenges, ensuring cities thrive despite environmental uncertainties.”
• Cancer Immunotherapy : “Immunotherapy’s personalized approach transforms cancer treatment, enhancing survival rates and patient quality of life.

Postgraduate Thesis Statement Examples for Biomedical Engineering

The field of biomedical engineering bridges the gap between medicine and engineering. It focuses on innovative solutions to medical problems, aiming to improve patient care and health outcomes. The following thesis statements reflect the intricate blend of engineering principles and biological sciences to address pressing health challenges.

• Prosthetics and AI : “The integration of AI into prosthetic limbs can significantly enhance functionality, mimicking natural movement more closely than ever before.”
• Tissue Engineering : “Advancements in tissue engineering promise revolutionary treatments for organ damage and loss, potentially reducing the need for donor transplants.”
• Neural Interfaces : “Creating efficient neural interfaces can transform treatments for neurological disorders, offering improved communication tools for patients with severe paralysis.”
• Medical Imaging : “Harnessing the power of quantum physics in medical imaging techniques can lead to earlier and more accurate disease diagnosis.”
• Wearable Health Monitors : “With the rise of wearable tech, biomedical engineering plays a crucial role in developing devices that offer real-time health monitoring outside of clinical settings.”
• Biomaterials for Drug Delivery : “Innovative biomaterials can revolutionize drug delivery systems, providing targeted treatment and reducing systemic side effects.”
• 3D Bioprinting : “3D bioprinting presents a promising future in regenerative medicine, potentially creating functional organs for transplantation.”
• Nanomedicine : “Harnessing nanotechnology in medicine offers targeted treatments at the molecular level, especially promising for cancer therapeutics.”
• Bioinformatics in Genomic Medicine : “Bioinformatics tools can decode complex genomic data, paving the way for personalized medicine and treatments tailored to individual genetic makeup.”
• Rehabilitation Robots : “Robot-assisted therapy, designed via biomedical engineering, can drastically improve recovery outcomes for patients post-stroke or traumatic injuries.”

Postgraduate Thesis Statement Examples for Environmental Law

Environmental law at the postgraduate level delves into the legal aspects of environmental protection and sustainable development. These thesis statements emphasize the regulatory, ethical, and global dimensions of laws formulated to protect our planet.

• International Treaties on Climate Change : “Analyzing international treaties reveals the challenges and successes in creating a global consensus on climate action.”
• Environmental Justice : “Environmental law must address the disproportionate environmental burdens faced by marginalized communities, ensuring justice and equity.”
• Marine Conservation Laws : “Stricter marine conservation laws are pivotal in preventing the ongoing degradation of marine ecosystems and ensuring sustainable fisheries.”
• Deforestation Regulations : “Strengthening deforestation regulations is imperative in preserving biodiversity, maintaining carbon sinks, and supporting indigenous communities.”
• Wildlife Trafficking : “Reinforced legal measures against wildlife trafficking can deter illicit activities, protecting endangered species from the brink of extinction.”
• Corporate Accountability in Pollution : “Enforcing stringent laws against corporate pollution can ensure companies prioritize sustainable practices over profit margins.”
• Land Use and Zoning Laws : “Refined land use and zoning regulations can guide sustainable urban development while preserving vital green spaces.”
• Freshwater Resource Laws : “Given escalating water crises, creating robust legal frameworks is essential in managing and preserving freshwater resources for future generations.”
• Genetic Resource Rights : “Legal measures concerning genetic resources can safeguard biodiversity and ensure fair benefit-sharing with indigenous communities.”
• Chemical Waste Disposal : “Enhanced legal frameworks governing chemical waste disposal can prevent environmental contamination and safeguard public health.

Postgraduate Thesis Statement Examples for Digital Marketing

Digital marketing harnesses the power of online platforms to connect businesses with their target audiences. It constantly evolves with technology and consumer behavior. The following thesis statements explore various facets of digital marketing in the modern era, from social media strategies to the implications of big data.

• Consumer Behavior in E-commerce : “Analyzing digital footprints offers a deeper understanding of consumer behavior, allowing e-commerce businesses to personalize shopping experiences.”
• SEO and Web Traffic : “Optimizing website content for search engines is a cornerstone of digital visibility, directly impacting web traffic and potential conversions.”
• Influencer Marketing : “Leveraging influencer partnerships can significantly boost brand awareness and credibility, especially among younger demographics.”
• Big Data in Marketing Strategy : “Harnessing big data analytics allows businesses to predict market trends and tailor marketing strategies for optimized engagement.”
• Video Content Engagement : “In the age of short attention spans, video content emerges as a leading tool for sustained audience engagement and brand retention.”
• Social Media Algorithms : “Understanding the intricacies of social media algorithms is pivotal for brands aiming to maintain visibility and engagement on platforms like Instagram and Facebook.”
• Digital Marketing Ethics : “As digital marketing tools become more invasive, ethical considerations must guide strategies to protect consumer privacy.”
• Augmented Reality Advertising : “Incorporating augmented reality (AR) into advertising campaigns offers immersive experiences, revolutionizing consumer-brand interactions.”
• Chatbots and Customer Service : “Integrating AI-powered chatbots on business platforms enhances customer service efficiency and accessibility.”
• Mobile-First Marketing : “With the ubiquity of smartphones, adopting a mobile-first approach in digital marketing strategies is no longer optional but essential.”

Postgraduate Thesis Statement Examples for Contemporary Literature

Contemporary literature offers a reflection of society, addressing its complexities, challenges, and transformations. The thesis statements below delve into various themes and narrative techniques that define modern literary works.

• Postcolonial Narratives : “Contemporary literature frequently revisits postcolonial themes, shedding light on the lasting impacts of colonialism and the complexities of identity.”
• Dystopian Literature in the Digital Age : “Modern dystopian narratives often address concerns related to digital technology, surveillance, and loss of individuality.”
• Gender and Sexuality : “Contemporary literary works play a pivotal role in challenging traditional gender norms and exploring diverse spectrums of sexuality.”
• Magical Realism and Cultural Identity : “Magical realism in literature serves as a bridge between cultural myths and contemporary realities, especially in postcolonial contexts.”
• Migration and Diaspora : “Modern literary works often tackle themes of migration and diaspora, reflecting global movements and the challenges of cultural integration.”
• Ecocriticism and Environmental Concerns : “Contemporary literature is increasingly colored by ecocritical perspectives, mirroring global concerns about environmental degradation.”
• Metafiction and Narrative Structure : “Metafictional techniques in modern literature challenge traditional narrative structures, prompting readers to question the nature of storytelling itself.”
• Posthumanism in Literature : “Recent literary works explore posthumanist themes, grappling with the implications of AI, biotechnology, and the blurring boundaries between human and machine.”
• Literature in the Age of Terrorism : “The post-9/11 world sees a surge in literary works addressing the socio-political implications of terrorism and its impact on global consciousness.”
• Digital Narratives and E-literature : “The rise of e-literature and digital narratives redefines the boundaries of literature, offering interactive and multimedia reading experiences.”

Postgraduate Thesis Statement Examples for Urban Planning

Urban planning shapes the physical layout of cities, aiming to improve the quality of life, sustainability, and functionality of urban spaces. The following thesis statements address various challenges and strategies in urban development and design.

• Sustainable Urban Design : “Incorporating sustainable practices in urban design is essential for creating eco-friendly, energy-efficient cities of the future.”
• Public Transportation Systems : “Developing efficient public transportation systems can drastically reduce urban congestion and environmental pollution.”
• Urban Green Spaces : “The integration of green spaces in urban layouts promotes biodiversity, enhances mental well-being, and mitigates the heat island effect.”
• Urban Regeneration : “Regenerating dilapidated urban areas not only revitalizes the physical space but also boosts socio-economic growth and community development.”
• Smart Cities and Technology : “Harnessing smart technologies in urban planning can lead to more efficient, adaptable, and user-friendly cities.”
• Housing and Affordability : “Addressing housing affordability in urban planning strategies ensures diverse, inclusive, and cohesive urban communities.”
• Historical Preservation : “Balancing modern urban development with historical preservation maintains a city’s cultural heritage while catering to contemporary needs.”
• Urban Agriculture : “Promoting urban agriculture can bolster local food systems, reduce transportation emissions, and offer green recreational spaces for residents.”
• Infrastructure and Climate Resilience : “Modern urban planning must prioritize climate-resilient infrastructure to mitigate risks posed by climate change-related events.”
• Pedestrian-Friendly Designs : “Designing pedestrian-friendly urban layouts promotes physical activity, reduces vehicular traffic, and fosters community interactions.

How to Write a Postgraduate Thesis Introduction

The introduction of your postgraduate thesis sets the stage for your research, capturing the reader’s interest while providing context for your study. Follow these steps to craft an engaging and informative introduction:

• Understand the Purpose : Clearly define the purpose of your thesis introduction. It should introduce your research topic, explain its significance, and outline the research questions you aim to address.
• Provide Background Information : Give the reader a solid foundation by providing relevant background information about the subject. Highlight key concepts, theories, and prior research that will help frame your study.
• State the Problem or Gap : Clearly articulate the problem, gap, or research question that your thesis addresses. Explain why this topic is worth investigating and how it contributes to the existing body of knowledge.
• Establish Relevance : Connect your research to broader contexts such as societal, academic, or practical implications. Show why your study matters and how it can address real-world challenges.
• State Your Hypothesis or Research Objectives : If applicable, state your thesis’s hypothesis or the objectives guiding your research. This provides a roadmap for what you’ll explore in the subsequent chapters.
• Outline the Methodology : Briefly describe the research methods and approaches you’ll employ. This helps the reader understand how you’ll gather data and analyze it to answer your research questions.
• Highlight Structure : Give a concise overview of the chapters that will follow in your thesis. This helps readers anticipate the organization of your work.
• Capture Attention : Craft a compelling opening paragraph that grabs the reader’s attention. This could be a relevant anecdote, a surprising fact, or a thought-provoking question.
• Maintain Clarity : Write in clear and concise language. Avoid jargon that might confuse readers who are not experts in your field.
• Revise and Polish : Your introduction is the first impression readers have of your thesis. Revise, edit, and proofread to ensure it’s well-structured, coherent, and free of grammatical errors.

How to Write a Postgraduate Thesis – Step by Step Guide

Writing a postgraduate thesis is a comprehensive endeavor that demands careful planning, research, and writing. Follow these steps to navigate the process effectively:

• Choose a Relevant Topic : Select a topic that aligns with your field of study, interests, and academic goals. Ensure it’s specific, researchable, and adds value to existing literature.
• Conduct Preliminary Research : Familiarize yourself with the existing literature on your chosen topic. Identify gaps, controversies, or unanswered questions that your research can address.
• Craft a Research Proposal : Outline your research objectives, research questions, methodology, and expected contributions. Seek feedback from mentors or advisors before proceeding.
• Formulate a Thesis Statement : Your thesis statement encapsulates the main argument of your thesis. It should be clear, concise, and specific, guiding your research and shaping your paper’s focus.
• Plan Your Research : Create a detailed research plan outlining the scope, methods, data sources, and timeline for each phase of your study.
• Gather and Analyze Data : Collect data through surveys, experiments, interviews, or archival research, depending on your field. Analyze the data using appropriate methods.
• Structure Your Thesis : Organize your thesis into sections such as introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Follow any specific formatting guidelines.
• Write Drafts of Each Section : Start writing early. Draft each section of your thesis, focusing on clarity, coherence, and logical flow. Revise and refine as you go.
• Cite Sources Properly : Adhere to the citation style required by your institution or field. Properly cite all sources to avoid plagiarism and give credit to prior research.
• Revise and Proofread : Once you have a complete draft, take time to revise for content, clarity, and coherence. Proofread meticulously for grammar and punctuation errors.
• Seek Feedback : Share your draft with mentors, advisors, or peers for constructive feedback. Address their suggestions and refine your thesis accordingly.
• Write the Introduction and Conclusion Last : Writing the introduction and conclusion becomes easier once you have a clear understanding of your entire thesis. These sections should succinctly summarize your work’s essence.

Tips for Writing a Thesis Statement for a Postgraduate

A strong thesis statement forms the foundation of your postgraduate thesis. Follow these tips to craft an effective and impactful thesis statement:

• Be Clear and Specific : Your thesis statement should convey a clear and specific argument or research question. Avoid vague or general statements.
• Reflect Your Focus : Your thesis statement should accurately reflect the main focus of your research. It sets the tone for your entire thesis.
• Make It Debatable : A good thesis statement is one that can be debated or challenged. Avoid statements that are universally accepted or obvious.
• Avoid Ambiguity : Ensure that your thesis statement is not open to multiple interpretations. Ambiguity can confuse readers.
• Use Concise Language : Keep your thesis statement concise, usually consisting of one or two sentences. Avoid unnecessary wordiness.
• Incorporate Key Terms : Include important keywords or concepts relevant to your field. This helps readers understand the context of your research.
• Highlight Significance : Your thesis statement should communicate why your research is significant and what contributions it will make to your field.
• Refine Through Revision : Your thesis statement may evolve as you progress in your research. Don’t hesitate to revise and refine it for accuracy and clarity.
• Align with Evidence : Ensure that your thesis statement aligns with the evidence you gather during your research. Avoid making claims that your data cannot support.
• Seek Feedback : Share your thesis statement with mentors or peers for feedback. Their input can help you refine and improve it before finalizing.

Writing a postgraduate thesis demands dedication, diligence, and a keen eye for detail. By following these guidelines, you can craft an engaging introduction, navigate the thesis writing process, and create a compelling thesis statement that captures the essence of your research. Remember that the journey of research and writing is as important as the final product, as it allows you to contribute to your field and showcase your expertise. You should also take a look at our  thesis statement for review .

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How to Write a Hook- Steps With Examples

A hook in an essay or any piece of writing is like a fishing hook—it’s designed to grab your readers’ attention and draw them into the rest of your content. A well-crafted hook not only captures interest but also encourages readers to continue exploring what you have to say. If you’re unsure how to  write a hook that’s engaging, this article will provide you with effective tips for writing compelling openings, ensuring your engagement remains high.

What is a Hook?

A hook in writing is essentially a compelling sentence or paragraph that grabs the reader's attention from the very beginning. It sets the tone for the piece and entices readers to continue exploring what you have to say. To craft an effective hook, it needs to be engaging, informative, and suitable for the intended audience. This means it should capture interest, convey relevant information, and be appropriate for the reader's level and context. By focusing on relevance, audience, and cohesion, you can create a strong hook that not only draws readers in but also aligns with the main thesis and purpose of your writing.

6 Types of Essay Hooks

There are various types of hooks, each serving a different purpose and engaging the reader in unique ways.

Question Hook:

This type involves asking the reader a question that sparks their curiosity or gets them thinking.

For example:

"Have you ever watched the high-flying, jump shooting, slam dunking, ankle breaking players that play in the NBA?"

This question engages the reader by prompting them to visualize and think about the excitement of watching NBA players, setting the stage for a discussion about the thrill of the game.

Quotation Hook:

A quotation hook uses a relevant quote from a credible source to draw in the reader.

For instance:

"Some people want it to happen, some wish it would happen, others make it happen,” said Michael Jordan.

This quote from a famous athlete underscores the theme of determination and hard work, immediately connecting the reader to the topic of achieving success through effort.

Statistic Hook:

This type employs surprising or impressive statistics to catch the reader's eye.

"Just 0.00545 percent of the 550,000 boys playing high school basketball each year in the United States become a first-round draft pick."

This statistic highlights the incredibly slim chances of making it to the NBA, intriguing the reader with the stark reality and setting up a deeper exploration of what it takes to succeed in professional sports.

Anecdotal Hook:

An anecdotal hook uses a short story to illustrate a point and connect with the reader on a personal level.

"When I was in high school, I remember playing in an AAU basketball league and seeing a boy who practiced relentlessly every morning. Years later, he was drafted by the Philadelphia 76ers."

This story captivates the reader by providing a relatable and tangible example of dedication leading to success, making the topic more engaging and memorable.

Common Misconception Hook:

This type addresses a common misconception to grab the reader’s attention by challenging their existing beliefs.

"Many people believe that all professional athletes were naturally talented from a young age, but the truth is, most of them had to work incredibly hard to get where they are."

This hook piques the reader's interest by presenting surprising information that contradicts what they might think.

Rhetorical Statement Hook:

A rhetorical statement hook uses a bold statement or assertion to provoke thought or agreement.

"There's no shortcut to success in any field, including sports."

This kind of hook immediately sets a strong tone and encourages the reader to think about and agree with the statement, drawing them further into the essay.

How to Write a Hook [3 Steps with Examples]

Imagine yourself reading an article or an essay. Have you ever noticed that the first 2-3 lines set your entire mood? Either it looks interesting, or you might want to skip it. The same is true when someone reads your essay. This is why learning how to write a hook statement for an essay is crucial, and in this guide, I'll be sharing my process to help you write effective hook statements on your own.

I use a few simple steps for writing hook statements that help me craft an effective hook to engage readers and compel them to read further. Along with these steps, I also rely on writing tools, specifically WPS Office , which helps me significantly in writing a good hook. So, let's have a look at the process of learning how to write a hook for your essay, with a few examples.

1.Create an outline

First and foremost, you need to create an outline for your essay. This means your hook needs to be based on the information you plan to communicate through your essay. It's essential to lay the groundwork. Creating an outline helps you organize your thoughts and ensures your hook aligns perfectly with the rest of your essay.

Brainstorming:

To begin with your outline, start by brainstorming, where you can write down all the points you believe you can include in your essay. I usually carry out this step in WPS Writer, where I can type down all the important points I want to include in my essay. Additionally, if I find a few points on the internet, I can simply paste them into my WPS Writer document.

For example, let's say you're writing an essay about the impact of social media on mental health. Your main points might include:

The rise of social media usage

Positive effects on connectivity and community building

Negative impacts on self-esteem and anxiety

Strategies for healthy social media consumption

To further assist me in this process, I use WPS AI to help brainstorm ideas. A fresh perspective is always welcome, and when you're short on ideas, these suggestions can really enhance your essay.

Identify the Angle:

Once we have the main points, it's time to decide on the specific perspective or argument you want to present. This is where you'll start to shape your essay's unique voice. For instance, if your topic is social media, you might choose to focus on its double-edged nature, arguing that while it offers unprecedented connectivity, it also poses significant risks to mental well-being if not used mindfully.

Sketch the Structure:

With your main points and angle in mind, outline the basic structure of your essay. This doesn't need to be elaborate – a simple roadmap will do.

Your structure might look something like this:

Introduction (including your hook)

Brief history of social media's rise

Positive impacts on connectivity

Negative effects on mental health

Strategies for balanced use

Having this structure in place will help you craft a hook that seamlessly leads into the rest of your essay.

WPS AI can also assist in creating an outline. With a simple prompt, you can mention the details of your essay, and it will help you organize your main points and structure effectively.

2.Develop a Thesis

With your outline ready, it's time to develop your thesis statement. This is the core argument of your essay, and your hook should pave the way for it.

Be Clear and Specific:

Your thesis statement should clearly articulate your stance on the topic. Avoid ambiguous or uncertain statements. Focus on writing a precise and debatable assertion that provides a solid foundation for your argument.

For our social media essay, a strong thesis might be:

"While social media platforms have revolutionized communication and community-building, their unchecked use can significantly impact mental health, necessitating a balanced approach to digital engagement."

Ensure Relevance:

Make sure your thesis connects directly with the hook you plan to write. Your hook should intrigue readers about the argument you're going to make.

Keep it Focused:

Resist the temptation to cover everything in your thesis. A focused thesis is easier to argue effectively and helps keep your essay on track.

3.Write your Hook

Now for the exciting part – crafting your hook! Remember, the goal is to captivate your reader from the very first sentence. Let's look at some examples of different hook types we discussed earlier and break down why they work.

Example 1: The Question Hook

"Have you ever caught yourself mindlessly scrolling through your social media feed, only to look up and realize hours have passed?"

This hook works because it:

Directly engages the reader by asking a question

Relates to a common experience many readers can identify with

Introduces the topic of social media usage subtly

By posing this question, you're inviting readers to reflect on their own experiences, creating an immediate connection to your topic.

Example 2: The Statistic Hook

"In 2023, the average person spent 2 hours and 31 minutes per day on social media platforms – that's over 38 days a year scrolling, liking, and sharing."

This hook is effective because it:

Presents a surprising or shocking statistic

Immediately quantifies the impact of social media on our lives

Sets the stage for a discussion on the significance of social media use

Statistics like this grab attention by putting abstract concepts into concrete, relatable terms that can surprise or even shock your readers.

Example 3: The Anecdote Hook

"As I watched my teenage daughter burst into tears over a single Instagram post, I realized social media was no longer just a fun pastime – it had become a powerful force shaping her self-image and mental health."

This hook works well because it:

Tells a brief, relatable story

Evokes emotion and empathy

Introduces the theme of social media's impact on mental health through a personal lens

Personal stories can be powerful hooks, drawing readers in with emotional resonance and real-world relevance.

Example 4: The Quote Hook

"'We are creating and encouraging a culture of distraction where we are increasingly disconnected from the people and events around us,' warns technology ethicist Tristan Harris."

This hook is powerful because it:

Uses an expert's words to lend authority to your topic

Introduces a critical perspective on social media

Sets up a discussion on the broader implications of our digital habits

Quotes from experts can lend credibility to your essay right from the start, setting the tone for a well-researched discussion.

When writing your hook, consider your audience and the tone of your essay. Choose a hook style that aligns with your topic and engages your readers effectively. Don't be afraid to write several versions and ask for feedback – sometimes the perfect hook takes a few tries to get right.

And if you're still having trouble writing a perfect hook for your essay, you can try using WPS AI features like Improve Writing to craft more effective hooks. WPS AI will help ensure your hook reads well and communicates your message clearly to readers.

Bonus Tips: How to Polish your Hook with WPS AI

WPS Office is an excellent tool for anyone looking to enhance their writing. It's particularly useful as a writing companion, helping you refine your sentences, choose the right words, and correct errors. If you're struggling with writer's block, especially when trying to craft an engaging hook for your article, WPS Office can assist you in several ways.

Invoke the AI Writing Assistant:

This feature offers tailored suggestions for opening sentences or paragraphs that are designed to grab attention. It can help generate various types of hooks, such as intriguing questions, startling facts, or impactful quotes. By analyzing your topic and audience, the AI Writing Assistant provides options that resonate well, making it easier to start with a strong, engaging hook.

Request Feedback from the AI Chatbot:

The AI Chatbot reviews your initial draft and provides targeted feedback on your hook. It evaluates the effectiveness of your opening lines, suggesting ways to enhance their impact or refine your approach. Whether your hook needs more clarity, engagement, or relevance, the chatbot’s feedback helps you make necessary adjustments to ensure it captures and retains your readers' interest.

FAQs about Writing a Hook

1. why is it important to have a good essay hook.

A well-crafted essay hook is essential as it captures the reader's attention and motivates them to continue reading. Without a captivating hook, readers may lose interest and discontinue reading. An engaging hook ensures that the audience remains invested, thereby enhancing the likelihood of effectively conveying the essay's message.

2. What's the difference between a hook and a thesis?

A hook is a statement that captures the reader's attention and is positioned at the beginning of the introduction. A thesis explains the main point of the essay, paper, or other writing. Typically, a hook appears as the attention-grabbing opener, followed by additional sentences that connect it to the thesis, which presents the primary argument or premise of the writing.

3. How long is a hook?

A hook is typically one to two sentences long and appears at the beginning of the introduction. It should be brief and engaging to quickly capture the reader's attention and encourage them to continue reading.

Grab Your Audience Attention With The Help of WPS Office

As a writer, I often face challenges in writing something clever enough to grab readers' attention. That’s why I rely on WPS Office to help me on how to write a hook and its suite of tools to assist with my writing and content sharing. WPS Office offers a wealth of amazing tools and services that benefit everyone who uses them. I highly recommend downloading WPS Office to experience its powerful features for yourself.

• 1. How to Write a Research Paper [Steps & Examples]
• 2. How to Write A thesis statement - Steps with Examples
• 3. How to Write an Argumentative Essay- Steps with Examples
• 4. How to Write a Proposal [ Steps & Examples]
• 5. How to Write A Literature Review - Steps with Examples
• 6. How to Write a Call to Action - Steps with Examples

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27 Great Resume Summary Examples to Get Hired

20 min read · Updated on June 03, 2024

Your resume summary is the first impression you make on potential employers, so it's crucial to get it right

When it comes to job applications, your resume is often the first point of contact with prospective employers. It's essential to make a good impression right from the start and that's where your resume summary comes in. Your summary is a brief statement at the top of your resume that highlights your skills , experiences , and achievements , making it a key part of your job application.

In this article, you'll learn how to write the ultimate resume summary that will grab the attention of recruiters and hiring managers. You'll discover what makes a good summary and what to avoid, as well as how to sell yourself effectively to potential employers.

You may be wondering: what exactly is a resume summary and how do I write one? We'll answer these questions and provide examples of professional summaries for various industries.

By the end of this article, you'll have a comprehensive understanding of what it takes to create a standout resume summary that will help you to land your dream job.

What is a resume summary?

To understand a resume summary, it's important to understand the challenge that good summaries are designed to overcome. Employers who are looking for new hires often need to compare many dozens or even hundreds of resumes to find the best candidates for the job. Few hiring personnel have the time needed to thoroughly examine every single resume that they receive.

Instead, employers typically spend no more than five or six seconds scanning any given resume. If a resume manages to capture their interest in those few seconds, they'll take the time to read it in greater detail. 

However, if your resume doesn't grab their attention, it's likely to be rejected without any further examination. So, the challenge is to find a way to quickly earn the reader's interest and inspire them to read the rest of the document.

That's where your resume summary comes into play. As you'll see from our resume summary examples, a good summary is the resume equivalent of a salesperson's elevator pitch. 

This brief statement should highlight your experience and job title, one or two key skills, and a couple of your most prominent achievements. When your summary is crafted well, it will provide the employer with a quick overview of your potential value as a new hire.

Once you've written your summary, you should place it right after your contact information and resume headline , so that it's the first thing employers see. If you've done your job properly, that summary will be compelling enough to make the reader want to learn more about the type of value you can bring to the job.

How should you start a resume summary?

After your headline, you should include a brief opening statement that summarizes who you are. This statement should be concise and compelling, and it should clearly communicate your unique value proposition. Here are some examples of strong opening statements:

Innovative Marketing Manager with over five years of experience in developing and executing successful campaigns for Fortune 500 companies

Results-driven Sales Executive with a proven track record of exceeding revenue targets and building strong client relationships

Skilled Customer Service Representative with expertise in problem-solving, conflict resolution, and communication

Tips for writing a resume summary

To make sure you get your summary spot on, follow our top tips:

Be specific

When writing a resume summary, it's essential to be specific and quantify your achievements wherever possible. Instead of saying, "Experienced marketing professional," try saying, "Experienced marketing professional with expertise in managing successful social media campaigns, resulting in increases of up to 30% in website traffic."

This provides concrete evidence of your skills and demonstrates your value to potential employers.

Reflect on your career

When it comes to writing a strong resume summary, you should engage in some self-reflection. Before putting pen to paper (or fingers to keyboard), take some time to think about your key skills, experiences, and achievements. This will help you to identify the most important information to include in your summary. Review your past roles, responsibilities, and accomplishments, and think about how they relate to the job you're applying for. Ask yourself:

What have I achieved in my career?

What skills have I developed?

What makes me stand out from other applicants?

Identify your key skills

One of the most important things to include in your resume summary is your key skills. These are the abilities that set you apart from other candidates and demonstrate your value to potential employers. Begin by making a list of your top skills, then prioritize them based on relevance to the job you're applying for.

Highlight your relevant experiences

Next, think about relevant experiences that you can include in your summary. This includes any previous jobs or internships, volunteer work, or extracurricular activities that have given you valuable experience. Consider what you've learned and achieved in each role and how that relates to the job you're applying for.

You should focus on what is most relevant to your target job. Here are some examples:

Proven ability to increase sales revenue by 20% year on year

Expertise in project management and team leadership

Proficient in Adobe Creative Cloud and Microsoft 365

Confident working with a diverse range of clients and stakeholders

Keep it concise

Remember, your resume summary should be concise and to the point. Stick to the most important information and avoid filler words or irrelevant details. A good rule of thumb is to keep your summary to 3-5 sentences.

Use action verbs

When describing your experiences and achievements, use strong action verbs and adverbs to convey a sense of accomplishment and momentum. For example, instead of saying, "Responsible for managing social media accounts," say, "Successfully manages social media accounts."

Quantify your achievements

Wherever possible, use numbers and statistics to quantify your achievements. This provides concrete evidence of your skills and demonstrates your value to potential employers. For example, instead of saying, "Helped to increase sales," say, "Helped to increase sales by 20% in the first year."

Tailor it to the job

Make sure your resume summary is tailored to the job you're applying for. This means highlighting the skills and experiences that are most relevant to the role. Look at the job description and identify the key requirements, and then make sure your summary addresses these points.

Professional resume summary examples

Since there's nothing quite like seeing an example of a great summary, we've compiled twenty-seven great resume summary examples that you can use as inspirational templates for your own perfect resume . Below, you'll find summary examples for a variety of different job roles, including:

Customer Service Representative

Sales Representative

Marketing Manager

Project Manager

Software Developer

Human Resources Manager

Graphic Designer

Registered Nurse

Financial Analyst

Administrative Assistant

Data Entry Clerk 

Business Analyst

Operations Manager 

Mental Health Counselor

High School Teacher

Event Manager

Digital Marketing Manager

Content Marketer

SEO Specialist

Bank Teller

Software Support Specialist

Data Scientist

Dental Assistant

1.     Customer Service Representative resume summary example

"Highly motivated Customer Service Representative with 5 years of experience in delivering service excellence. Skilled in conflict resolution and problem-solving, resulting in a 95% customer satisfaction rate. Proven ability to multitask in fast-paced environments while maintaining accuracy and attention to detail."

Why it works : This summary highlights the candidate's experience and skills while also showcasing their relevant achievements in ensuring customer satisfaction. It mentions how much experience they have and calls out a measurable success.

2.     Sales Representative resume summary example

"Dynamic Sales Representative with a track record of exceeding sales quotas by 20%+. Proficient in consultative sales techniques and relationship building. Exceptional communication and negotiation skills with the ability to close deals."

Why it works : This summary provides a quantifiable achievement to show the candidate's success in their previous sales roles while also highlighting their key skills in relationship building and communication.

3.     Marketing Manager resume summary example

"Strategic Marketing Manager with 7+ years of experience in developing and executing successful marketing campaigns across multiple channels. Skilled in market research and analysis, campaign optimization, and team leadership. Proven track record of driving revenue growth and increasing brand awareness."

Why it works : This summary emphasizes the candidate's experience and leadership skills while also showcasing their ability to drive results through successful marketing campaigns. The candidate has also demonstrated their ability to grow revenues and raise brand awareness.

4.     Project Manager resume summary example

"Accomplished Project Manager, with confidence in leading cross-functional teams and managing project timelines, budgets, and resources. Strong communication and collaboration skills, with the ability to build relationships with stakeholders. Proven track record of delivering projects on time and within budget."

Why it works : This summary highlights the candidate's extensive project management experience and emphasizes their ability to successfully deliver projects while working with multiple stakeholders.

5.     Software Developer resume summary example

"Innovative Software Developer with 5+ years of experience in designing, developing, and implementing complex software applications. Skilled in programming languages including Java, Python, and C++. Demonstrated ability to work collaboratively in Agile environments to deliver high-quality code on time."

Why it works : This job seeker has taken the time to highlight some of the technical skills they possess, while emphasizing their ability to work in Agile environments. They also call attention to the fact that they can take a software development project from design to implementation.

6.     Human Resources Manager resume summary example

"Experienced Human Resources Manager specializing in talent acquisition, employee relations, and performance management. Skilled in developing and implementing HR policies and procedures that align with business objectives and values. Proven track record of building and managing high-performing teams."

Why it works : This summary highlights the candidate's experience in various HR functions and emphasizes their ability to build and manage teams. It also shows that they can perform managerial functions like developing policies and procedures.

7.     Graphic Designer resume summary example

"Creative Graphic Designer with particular expertise in developing and executing visually stunning designs for print and digital media. Proficient in Adobe Creative Cloud, with a focus on typography and layout. Strong communication and collaboration skills, with the ability to work on multiple projects simultaneously."

Why it works : This summary works well because it showcases their technical skills and experience while also emphasizing creativity and an ability to work collaboratively.

8.     Registered Nurse resume summary example

"Compassionate Registered Nurse with over 10 years' experience in providing high-quality patient care. Skilled at patient assessment, medication administration, and treatment plan development. Strong communication and interpersonal skills with the ability to build rapport with patients and their families."

Why it works : This summary emphasizes the candidate's clinical and patient care experience and highlights their key nursing and interpersonal skills.

9.     Financial Analyst resume summary example

“Detail-oriented Financial Analyst with a strong background in financial modeling, data analysis, and forecasting. Combines advanced Excel skills with the ability to create and manage financial reports. Able to work collaboratively with cross-functional teams.”

Why it works : This summary showcases the applicant's specific skills and experience in financial analysis and highlights their proficiency in Excel, a crucial tool for the role.

10.  Administrative Assistant resume summary example

“Skilled Administrative Assistant with 8 years of experience in administrative support and office administration. Resilient, detail-oriented, and able to work under extreme pressure in a team environment. Excellent interpersonal, client management, and interdepartmental liaison skills. Committed to successful management of multiple simultaneous projects, strict adherence to deadline requirements, and accurate maintenance of schedules, meeting obligations, and records.”

Why it works : An Administrative Assistant wears many hats and experiences many challenges. This resume summary covers a lot of ground to demonstrate that the candidate understands those obstacles and knows how to overcome them.

11.  Data Entry Clerk resume summary example

“Task-driven and results-oriented professional with more than 10 years of experience in data entry, project coordination, and customer service. Uses interpersonal skills including effective communication to build rapport and positive relations with customers, gather vital information, and ensure rapid and accurate entry of data into designated software programs.”

Why it works : This resume summary is effective because it gets right to the heart of the job: dealing with customers and entering data into databases. The candidate also emphasizes their results-focused mindset, project skills, and key soft skills.

12.  Business Analyst resume summary example

“Results-driven Business Analyst with a proven record in expanding profitability by 55% in the retail industry.  Confident carrying out data-focused analysis that provides key insights and recommendations for growth strategies. Strong interpersonal and team building skills, innovative approach to problem-solving , and resolute commitment to efficiency and productivity.”

Why it works : Business analysis is all about using data and research to deliver key insights that result in improved operations and greater business success. This summary hits all the right notes as it focuses on key skills, a solutions-oriented mindset, and notable achievements that reflect real value for employers.

13.  Operations Manager resume summary example

“Results-oriented Operations Manager with more than 10 years of supervisory experience in high-level operational environments. Adept at coordinating both large and small teams, outside consultants, and mid-level management personnel. Successfully introduced Lean manufacturing principles that reduced costs by 32% via waste elimination and process revitalization.”

Why it works : This candidate's summary emphasizes key skills that the employer wants to see in any managerial candidate, while also showcasing their knowledge of best operational practices and a commitment to cost reduction.

14.  Mental Health Counselor resume summary example

“Compassionate Mental Health Counselor with more than a decade of experience addressing mental health issues and behavioral concerns. Proven success in both individual and group counseling environments, assisting clients in gaining insight and understanding of their unique conditions. Specialized focus on working with young adults and families, with an emphasis on addressing substance abuse root causes and other social factors involved in mental health.”

Why it works : This resume summary is notable for citing important skills like empathy and compassion. It also focuses attention on the candidate's experience in dealing with common mental health concerns and hints at their preferred approach to assisting patients.

15.  High School Teacher resume summary example

“Dynamic high school teacher with 12 years of experience developing approved curricula for more than 500 students in grades 9-12. Proven track record of helping students to achieve a 98% passing rate in both Western Civilization and World History instruction. Actively engaged in every aspect of education, at the district, local, and parent-teacher level.”

Why it works : This candidate's resume summary highlights their vast experience, while illustrating their success in ensuring that their students learn what they need to know to pass the class. They also demonstrate their commitment to the educational process by highlighting their involvement in every area of education.

16.  Accountant resume summary example

“Diligent and detail-oriented CPA with seven years of experience in accounting, process improvement, and problem-solving. Skilled at identifying inefficiencies and using reporting to offer insights that can guide employers to better practices and greater profitability. At XYZ Corp., identified labor usage inefficiency that motivated management to introduce new scheduling that eliminated $300,000 in labor waste.”

Why it works : In addition to highlighting a wide range of valuable skills, this candidate also focused on a quantifiable achievement that illustrates real value. This type of summary would certainly capture a hiring manager's attention and make them want to read more!

17.  Event Manager resume summary example

“Resilient and creative Event Manager with 6 years of corporate experience. Detail-oriented perfectionist with experience in project management, team leadership, and customer relations. Successfully organized and executed more than 40 major business conferences, hosting thousands of guests. Major clients have included three Fortune 500 firms with multi-million-dollar event budgets.

Why it works : As Event Managers go, this one has certainly made the rounds. That summary of achievements highlights their ability to manage even large-scale events, dealing with every aspect of the project. How could a serious hiring manager not want to learn more about this candidate?

18.  IT Manager resume summary example

“Dedicated IT Manager with significant experience in an innovative and growing tech firm. Skilled leader with experience in systems analysis, database architecture, problem-solving, and troubleshooting. Superior client satisfaction rate of more than 99%. Created and implemented IT troubleshooting process that reduced internal client service time by 30%.”

Why it works : This IT professional focuses attention on their key leadership skills , while also mentioning the hard skills that any hiring manager is likely to be looking for. There's also a nice nod to their history of satisfying clients, as well as a notable and measurable achievement.

19.  Product Designer resume summary example

“Innovative Design Engineer with 5 years of experience in the development of products and packages. Skilled in market research, brand development and alignment, and design elements. Led team of seventeen Designers in the creation of industrial products that yielded $20 million in sales in the first month after launch.”

Why it works : This resume summary uses some important keywords, action verbs, and descriptive language to describe the candidate's key skills and experiences. It also cites an impressive product design achievement, along with real numbers that showcase value.

20.  Content Marketer resume summary example

“Creative marketing professional with 7 years' experience as a Content Marketer. Skilled writer who understands how written communication empowers business growth and expansion. Expertise in development of compelling content that drives activities across multiple media channels. Adaptable , detail-oriented, and focused on a brand-building approach to content strategy that drives real results. Developed a cross-platform content strategy that boosted sales conversion rates by 37%.

Why it works : This Content Marketer focuses on their key skills and keen insights into how content impacts business profitability. They even included a measurable result that demonstrates their focus on adding value to their employer's bottom line.

21.  SEO Specialist resume summary example

“Results-focused SEO expert with 6 years of experience in keyword mastery, the promotion of sustainable content, and growing organic website search engine rankings. Proven track record of SEO success, using content development and link outreach to expand website traffic activity from 10,000 daily visitors to more than 2,000,000 per year.”

Why it works : Many hiring managers may not fully understand SEO, but they will understand the need to get more eyes on their digital content. This candidate speaks to that need by focusing on website rankings, content, and overall web traffic - while including a quantifiable achievement that demonstrates their ability to make things happen.

22.  Copywriter resume summary example

“Website Copywriter with 5 years of experience in developing content that creates real conversions. Cross-channel expertise including website content, advertising, newsletters, press releases, email, and podcast / video scripts. Proven track record of increasing social traffic by 36% and driving a 22% boost in landing page conversions.”

Why it works : This candidate's summary is focused not only on the type of things they write, but how those content pieces directly contribute to the company's online presence and sales conversion rate. This illustrates the writer's understanding of how their work aligns with their employer's business needs and goals.

23.  Bank Teller resume summary example

“Empathetic and personable Bank Teller with more than 4 years of experience in client interactions at First Bank. Detail-oriented customer management approach, focused on superior customer experiences and client retention. Strict adherence to bank policy, including safety deposit guidelines, customer account security, and due diligence. Efficiently and effectively processed more than 200 client account interactions each day.”

Why it works : For a Bank Teller, much of the role's value lies in the employee's ability to serve as the face of the branch. This summary is effective because it showcases the Teller's knowledge of bank procedures, while also highlighting their commitment to creating an excellent customer experience.

24.  Software Support Specialist resume summary example

“Problem-solving Software Support Specialist with 8 years of experience in customer-facing user assistance. Provided key problem resolution services for hundreds of customers, with a focus on maximizing their satisfaction with the company to increase loyalty and retention. Experienced in both customer and B2B interactions, with a specialized talent for explaining technical problems in language that is easily understood by the average layperson.”

Why it works : This resume summary focuses not only on the candidate's specialized skills in solving computer issues, but also highlights their ability to simplify their explanations to customers.

25.  Data Scientist resume summary example

“Committed Data Scientist focused on analytical insights that can drive company growth and development. More than eight years of experience providing data-driven analysis to Fortune 500 executives, based on comprehensive statistical models and detailed historical data patterns. Successfully provided insights and recommendations used to increase company profits by 32% over a two-year period.”

Why it works : Data science may not seem like the most exciting field, but hiring managers are always on the hunt for candidates who understand why data matters. This candidate's focus on providing insights that can translate into real value for the employer is something that is likely to earn a hiring manager's interest.

26.  Dental Assistant resume summary example

“Dental Assistant with 5 years of experience with patient preparation, processing, and administrative support. Keen attention to detail and a commitment to dental health and aesthetics. Skilled in dental impressions, hands-on assistance during procedures, x-rays, and record maintenance. Fully committed to developing rapport with patients that creates a welcoming environment and a joyful experience.”

Why it works : This candidate's resume summary not only highlights key Dental Assistant requirements, but also conveys their personal approach to teamwork and patient care.

27.  Architect resume summary example

“Creative Architect experienced in high-end architectural design and development oversight. Ten years of proven success in creating sustainable designs that earn rave reviews and commendations from clients. Skilled in adapting to new challenges and working under pressure to achieve every client's vision. Consistently produces designs and project plans that come in on time and under budget, at 10%-30% less cost than industry competitors.”

Why it works : In this summary, the candidate highlights key skills that employers will want to see, while also emphasizing quantifiable results that demonstrate competitive value for the employer. They also showcase their ability to not only design architectural structures but to do so with a conscious awareness of critical factors like budgetary concerns, deadlines, sustainability and market competition.

Bonus: how to write a resume summary if you have no experience

Of course, it's also important to know how to write a resume summary if you have no experience. Here's a quick resume summary example that you can adapt if you are just entering the job market:

“Recent Marketing graduate, seeking an entry-level position to kickstart a career in the field. Demonstrated strong leadership and teamwork skills gained through involvement in various extracurricular activities, including volunteering at local events and leading group projects. Proficient in Microsoft 365 and Adobe Creative Cloud. Passionate about using marketing strategies to create engaging content and drive brand awareness.”

Why it works: This summary works because it highlights the candidate's relevant hard and soft skills and qualifications, even though they don't have direct career experience. The use of action words such as "demonstrated" and "proficient" shows the candidate's confidence in their abilities, which can be attractive to potential employers, showcasing the candidate's potential for success in an entry-level marketing role.

Key takeaways

A well-written resume summary can make a significant impact on a job application. A good summary should highlight relevant skills and experiences, use clear and concise language, and avoid unnecessary information. Feel free to customize any of the resume summary examples we've provided to help ensure that your resume captures the attention of potential employers.

We know it can be difficult to condense a whole career full of skills and achievements into a paragraph of only a few sentences. If you're unsure about the document you've crafted, why not send it for a free resume review by our team of expert resume writers? 

Recommended reading:

Ask Amanda: How Are a Resume Objective and a Resume Summary Different?

How to Write a Standout Career Summary

Business Acumen: What It Is and How You Can Showcase It On Your Resume

Related Articles:

Do Hiring Managers Actually Read Cover Letters?

How to Create a Resume With No Education

Why You Lose When You Lie on Your Resume: Learning From Mina Chang

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