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105 Civil War Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

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The Civil War was a defining moment in American history, shaping the nation we know today. With its profound impact on politics, society, and the economy, it remains a fascinating subject for academic research and essay writing. If you're looking for inspiration for your next Civil War essay, we've compiled a list of 105 topic ideas and examples to get you started.

• The Causes of the American Civil War: Analyzing the underlying factors that led to the conflict.
• Abraham Lincoln's Role in the Civil War: Assessing Lincoln's leadership and decision-making during the war.
• The Impact of the Emancipation Proclamation: Examining the significance of Lincoln's proclamation on slavery.
• The Role of Women in the Civil War: Exploring the contributions and challenges faced by women during the war.
• African Americans in the Civil War: Evaluating the experiences of African American soldiers and their impact on the war effort.
• The Battle of Gettysburg: Analyzing the significance and consequences of this pivotal battle.
• The Military Strategies of the Civil War: Comparing and contrasting the strategies employed by the Union and Confederate armies.
• The Role of Technology in the Civil War: Investigating the impact of new technologies, such as railroads and telegraphs, on the war.
• The Role of Foreign Powers in the Civil War: Examining the involvement of European powers and their influence on the conflict.
• The Economic Consequences of the Civil War: Assessing the long-term economic effects of the war on the United States.
• The Role of Religion in the Civil War: Exploring the influence of religious beliefs and institutions on the conflict.
• Espionage and Intelligence in the Civil War: Investigating the use of spies and intelligence-gathering during the war.
• The Impact of Photography on the Civil War: Analyzing the role of photography in shaping public perception of the war.
• The Home Front during the Civil War: Examining the experiences and challenges faced by civilians during the war.
• The Battle of Antietam: Assessing the significance of this bloody battle and its impact on the war.
• The Role of Guerrilla Warfare in the Civil War: Exploring the tactics employed by irregular forces during the conflict.
• The Role of Native Americans in the Civil War: Investigating the participation and experiences of Native American tribes during the war.
• The Role of Religion in the Confederate States: Analyzing the influence of religion on the Confederate cause.
• The Impact of Disease on the Civil War: Examining the role of diseases, such as dysentery and smallpox, in the war's outcome.
• The Battle of Bull Run: Assessing the significance of the first major battle of the Civil War.
• The Aftermath of the Civil War: Analyzing the political, social, and economic consequences of the war's end.
• The Role of Abraham Lincoln's Assassination in Shaping Reconstruction: Exploring how Lincoln's assassination affected the post-war period.
• The Role of Slavery in the Southern Economy: Investigating the economic dependence on slavery in the Confederate states.
• The Impact of Sherman's March to the Sea: Assessing the consequences of General Sherman's devastating campaign.
• The Confederate Constitution: Analyzing the similarities and differences between the Confederate and United States constitutions.
• The Role of Women as Spies during the Civil War: Investigating the contributions of female spies to the war effort.
• The Role of Border States in the Civil War: Exploring the challenges faced by states that remained loyal to the Union but allowed slavery.
• The Battle of Vicksburg: Assessing the significance of this Union victory in the Western Theater.
• The Political Leadership of Jefferson Davis: Analyzing Davis's presidency and its impact on the Confederate cause.
• The Role of Railroads in the Civil War: Investigating the importance of rail transportation for both the Union and Confederate armies.
• The Impact of the Civil War on Native American Tribes: Examining the consequences of the war for Native American lands and tribes.
• The Battle of Shiloh: Assessing the significance of this bloody battle in Tennessee.
• The Role of Civil War Prisons: Analyzing the conditions and treatment of prisoners on both sides of the conflict.
• The Role of Politics in the Union Army: Investigating the influence of politics on military appointments and operations.
• The Impact of the Civil War on American Literature: Examining how the war shaped the literary works of the time.
• The Battle of Chancellorsville: Assessing the significance of this Confederate victory and the death of General Stonewall Jackson.
• The Confederate Navy: Analyzing the role and effectiveness of the Confederate Navy in the war.
• The Role of Women as Nurses during the Civil War: Investigating the contributions and challenges faced by women in the nursing profession.
• The Impact of Draft Riots during the Civil War: Examining the social unrest and violence caused by the draft.
• The Battle of Fredericksburg: Assessing the significance of this Union defeat and its impact on the war.
• The Reconstruction Era: Analyzing the challenges and successes of the Reconstruction period after the war.
• The Role of Foreign Diplomacy during the Civil War: Investigating the attempts by both the Union and Confederacy to gain international support.
• The Impact of the Civil War on Native American Identity: Examining how the war affected Native American cultural and social traditions.
• The Battle of Chickamauga: Assessing the significance of this Confederate victory in Georgia.
• The Role of Medical Advancements during the Civil War: Analyzing the impact of new medical techniques and knowledge on the war's outcome.
• The Impact of the Civil War on Westward Expansion: Investigating how the war influenced the settlement of the Western frontier.
• The Battle of Cold Harbor: Assessing the significance of this Union defeat in Virginia.
• The Role of African American Women during the Civil War: Exploring the contributions and experiences of African American women in the war effort.
• The Impact of the Civil War on Native American Treaties: Examining how the war affected Native American land rights and treaties.
• The Battle of Stones River: Assessing the significance of this Union victory in Tennessee.
• The Role of Propaganda during the Civil War: Analyzing the use of propaganda and media manipulation by both sides of the conflict.
• The Impact of the Civil War on Immigration: Investigating how the war influenced immigration patterns and attitudes toward immigrants.
• The Battle of Fort Donelson: Assessing the significance of this Union victory in Tennessee.
• The Role of the Telegraph in the Civil War: Analyzing the impact of telegraph communication on military operations and command.
• The Impact of the Civil War on the U.S. Constitution: Examining how the war shaped constitutional interpretation and amendments.
• The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House: Assessing the significance of this Confederate victory in Virginia.
• The Role of African American Soldiers in the Civil War: Investigating the experiences and contributions of black soldiers in the Union Army.
• The Impact of Civil War Monuments and Memorials: Analyzing the controversy surrounding Confederate monuments and their place in public memory.
• The Battle of Fort Sumter: Assessing the significance of the first shots fired in the Civil War.
• The Role of Military Prisons during the Civil War: Investigating the conditions and treatment of prisoners in camps such as Andersonville and Elmira.
• The Impact of Civil War Photography on Public Opinion: Examining how photographs of the war influenced public perception and support.
• The Role of Propaganda during the Civil War: Analy

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American Civil War - List of Free Essay Examples And Topic Ideas

The American Civil War, waged from 1861 to 1865, was a seminal event in the United States’ history that stemmed from long-standing regional differences and disputes over slavery. Essays could delve into the political, economic, and social factors that led to the conflict, exploring the disputes between the North and the South regarding states’ rights, slavery, and economic policies. The discourse might extend to the significant battles, military strategies, and the leadership on both sides of the conflict. Discussions could also focus on the Emancipation Proclamation and its implications on the war and the broader struggle for civil rights. Moreover, essays could explore the reconstruction era that followed the war, examining the efforts to reunite the nation, address the legacies of slavery, and establish civil rights for freed slaves. The enduring impact of the American Civil War on the national identity, racial relations, and historical narrative could provide a captivating exploration of this pivotal period in American history. A vast selection of complimentary essay illustrations pertaining to American Civil War you can find at PapersOwl Website. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

Nationalism in the Civil War

Introduction The Civil war of 1861-1865 is a central event in America's historical conscience. The war determined what kind of nation America would grow to be. The war resolved two fundamental questions left unresolved by the revolution (1773-1776): whether the United States was to be a dissolvable confederation of sovereign states or an indivisible nation with a sovereign national government; and whether this nation, born of a declaration that all men were created with an equal right to liberty, would […]

Civil War was the Westward

Many historians argue that the catalyst for the civil war was the westward expansion of slavery. In 1845, after the United States annexed it the year before, Texas officially became a state- a slave state. The addition of a slave state allowed the Lone Star Republic into the Union. As a result of Texas becoming a state, the Mexican-American War broke out. After the war, the United States bought a massive amount of land from Mexico. The land later became […]

African Americans Made up

During the 1800's in America, African Americans made up most of the population. The Southern states were inundated with slaves. They labored in farms and on plantations. African Americans received cruel treament. They were brutally beaten and looked upon as being inhumane. The issue of equal rights for African Americans caused great disparities between the states. Our new country found itself at war with one another. This was a war of the North versus the South. The Civil War for […]

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The Civil War was the Deadliest

The Civil War was the deadliest and most brutal war ever fought. How did everything stir up between the states in the first place? Southerners had an Agricultural economy and mainly focused on the way they lived their lives to make profit for their well being; this included slaves for more hands to get more work done in less time. On the opposite side of things the northerners had an Industrial economy and wanted to abolish slavery. The north and […]

Many Causes of the Civil War

During the 1860s, the North and South of the United States had many disputes and conflicts. The South succeeded from the North, eventually leading to the civil war. The Civil War was the most destructive war ever fought in the western hemisphere and lasted from 1861 to 1865. The Civil War led to the end of the Confederacy and helped America to grow economically and socially as a nation. Today, America faces an issue with immigrants and their policies on […]

The Battle of Gettysburg Changed Everything

The Battle of Gettysburg changed everything for the Union. During the Civil War, America was fighting against each other, so there were two sides. The Confederates were mainly from the south and the Union was from the north. The concerning issue involved the North wanting slaves to be free while the south wanted to keep slaves. This conflict started the Civil War and up until the Battle of Gettysburg, the Confederates were striving. The south was winning every battle, so […]

The Civil War was a War Fought

The Civil War was a war fought between the states. It was fought between the Union and the Confederate States of America. Civil War spies played a major part in how the Confederate (North) won the Civil War (History.com Editors). Spies let generals know when they should attack, where, and whether they should withdraw or not (Mark). The armies of America had been tracked by spies during the Civil War. The spies gathered information on them and in return would […]

The Civil War is Perhaps

The civil war is perhaps the most studied time period in American history. Though the war was only four years, it would alter the course of history and change American culture forever. Among the changes caused by the war, the most prominent were the social and economic changes and the largest being slavery. The country was divided in many ways and all contributed to the start of the war. Most people would say that the war was solely dependent on […]

One of the most Important Events

The Civil War is one of the most important events in the history of the United States of America. It had many important repercussions which went on to have a deep and long lasting impact on the nation. After four years of a cruel battle, from 1861-1865, between a divided nation of the North and South, more than 600,000 people were killed. These lives, however, were not given in vain. Had it not been for the American Civil War where […]

Role of Technology in the American Civil War

The American Civil War is the first real modern war in America. Most of the technology and weaponry used in the Civil War can be traced back to the Industrial Revolution era. The Industrial Revolution was a time of profound transformation that resulted in new manufacturing processes. It was a time of profound transformation that resulted in new manufacturing processes. By the mid-19th century, mass production industries have been developed mainly in the North, which led them to control a […]

The Civil War Ended

The Civil War ended up being a turning point for many women. Women were required to remain at home to cook, clean and take care of their families, while their spouses went to the front line. Even though, women were prohibited from battling in the war, regardless they had critical roles to satisfy. Various women went up against the roles of medical caretakers, spies, promoters of ladies' suffrage, a supporter of social equality, and so forth. But a few women […]

Abraham Lincoln Presidancy

Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in Hardin County, Kentucky. At the early age of 7 he and his family moved to Southern Indiana. When he was nine years old his mother passed, and he had to work to help support his family. He had very limited formal schooling because he was working, though he had very little education, he loved to read books and would borrow books from his neighbors. At age 21, Lincoln and his family […]

The American Civil War

The American Civil War was a battle between the South and the North after a number of states in the south seceded after Lincoln's Presidency. The battle started off as states rights but as the battle went on and advanced the battle was fighting to end slavery. Nobody had any idea that this battle would eventually turn into the deadliest battle in American history. This battle cost many people their lives on the battlefield and beyond. Also, it cost a […]

The Civil War is Considered

The Civil War is considered the bloodiest and deadliest wars in the history of the United States. It began in April 1861 when Confederates opened fire on the Union soldiers at Fort Sumter. The war would go on to last four more long years until May 1865. According to American Battlefield Trust, about 2% of the population, or estimated 620,000 men, were lost in the line of duty. As the battle began, there was a shortage of war time labor […]

Civil War and Abraham Lincoln

Thesis: To what extent did Abraham Lincoln’s election influence the outcomes of the Civil War? Introduction: Abraham Lincoln was elected the 16th president of the United States in November of 1860 before the start of the Civil War and continued as president during the War. He sought to unify the nation, to create a better country and to abolish slavery. Abraham Lincoln described the reality that you can’t avoid destiny so you must prepare yourself for it. “You cannot escape […]

The Civil War was Aged

The Civil war was aged on by many reasons on both sides and leaders from both ends in a disagreement with how the United States of America should be govern. With the leaders and war generals making big decisions and the people of the north and the south both raging their opinions with words and with guns. The war was all about the morality of having slaves, African Americans, work for little money and have no rights. And there were […]

Longstreet First Fought

James Longstreet was a government official, a U.S Army officer, and a famous lieutenant general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. He was one of Robert E. Lee's most trusted generals and known as "Lee's War Horse." James Longstreet was born on January 8, 1821, in Edgefield District, South Carolina to James and Mary Anne Dent Longstreet. He was the son of a prosperous farmer and mostly raised in Augusta, Georgia and Somerville, Alabama. While he was in […]

The Civil War is Central

The Civil war is central to the history of the United States of America and as part of the historical events that define the American experience, it is vastly represented in several historical movies . Indeed, while 1776-1783 revolution created the US, the Civil war of 1861-1865 is said to be the determinant of what kind of nation America would be in the world . By nature, cinematic historical representations of past events are common and loved by Americans and […]

Post Civil War: Economic Factors Shape Democracy in America

Life differed for everyone after the Civil War ended—farmers, Southerners, former slaves, and more—because America was rebuilding itself in more ways than one. Former slaves were set free upon the end of the war, and they believed that their years of unpaid labor gave them a claim to land and ""forty acres and a mule"" became their rallying cry. Whites were not willing to give their property to previous slaves, and the federal government chose not to redistribute land in […]

American Civil War wasn’t Inevitable

The Civil War was and is one of the most outstanding events in the history of the United States. It was a military conflict that occurred in the United States, between 1861 and 1865 (when Abraham Lincoln is elected president). Where the North States fought against the Confederate States of America, composed of the countries of the South, which were just conforming. The struggle took place because the States of the South wanted their independence, while those of the North […]

The Role of Women in the Civil War

The bloodiest conflict in history of North America was not between other countries, like one would might imagine, it was in fact the economics of slavery and political control of that system that was central to the clash between the North and Southern states. The Northern states was committed to ending the practice of slavery. However, the Southern states wished to introduce slavery into the western territories. During this time of conflict over the issue of slavery, Abraham Lincoln won […]

Americans Think of African-Americans

When Americans think of African-Americans in the deep south before the Civil War, the first image that comes to mind is one of slavery. However, many African-Americans secured their freedom and lived in a state of semi-freedom even before slavery was abolished by war. Free blacks lived in all parts of the United States, but the majority lived amongst slavery in the south. Freed Blacks continued to be treated as less than a citizen than their white counterparts because the […]

America’s Role in the World after the Civil War

As the civil war came to an end Americas southern territory was in a horrible economic place it was, looted burned, and destroyed by the unions strength to defeat the confederacy. America saw this as a time to reconstruct morally, socially, and economically. During post-war northern Americas industries soared with the help of tariffs passed during war time. It helped corporations like steel and oil to grow and create better technology and mechanics. The growth of industries in America made […]

Outbreak of the US Civil War

The mid-19th Century was not the happiest time in America. Slavery was still very much a thing in the South; the Mexican-American War had devastated the West, tribes of Native Americans were coming into conflict with the Army on the regular, while tensions between the North and South were at an all-time high. All these factors, as well as so many others, would eventually lead to the outbreak of the US Civil War, the bloodiest war in the history of […]

Civil War and Slavery

The U.S. Civil War began on April 12, 1861 in Fort Sumter, South Carolina. There were several events that led up to this battle. Three major causes of the U.S. Civil War include slavery, states’ rights, and the abolitionist movement. The future of slavery created a consuming issue that prompted the disturbance of the union. That question prompted withdrawal, and severance achieved a war in which the Northern and Western states and regions battled to safeguard the Union, and the […]

Civil War was not about Slavery

Some people that experienced the Civil War and some who did not experience it like to say that the Civil War was not about slavery, but instead about defending rights that states had. President Lincoln even tried to offer a deal to the southern states saying if they returned to the union they could keep their slaves, but they denied his offer. The Civil War was started when Fort Sumter was attacked by the confederates. In return to this, Lincoln had […]

Slavery is an Established Social Institution

Slavery is an established social institution in which God did not condemn, is what Thomas Dew believed, whereas Thomas Jefferson believed the opposite; he said that slavery was a moral evil. This was one of the reasons that had started the American Civil War. Although the slave trade was abolished in 1808, slavery on plantations was still practiced in about 15 southern states, from Texas to the Carolinas. With the south having the ideal weather conditions to support cotton plantations […]

Confederate Soldiers Vs. Union Soldiers: Disentangling Motivations on the Battlefield during the American Civil War

The tumultuous era of the American Civil War witnessed a clash of ideologies, with Confederate and Union soldiers donning uniforms that represented more than just military allegiance. The motivations that propelled these men to the battlefield were as diverse as the nation they fought for. As we delve into the intricacies of why Confederate and Union soldiers fought, we uncover a mosaic of personal, societal, and political factors that converged on the bloody fields of conflict. At the heart of […]

Compare and Contrast the American Revolution and the Civil War Essay: the Dual Pillars of American Freedom

In American history, the American Revolution and the Civil War are two major events with lasting effects. Two chapters, separated in time but linked in subject, depict the rise of a nascent nation battling for freedom, justice, and nationhood. While they share freedom as a purpose, their causes, settings, and legacies differ, creating a vibrant tapestry of contrasts. The Quest for Freedom Both the American Revolution and the Civil War fought for freedom. Liberty, as a rallying cry, links these […]

Why was the Battle of Gettysburg a Turning Point in the Civil War

Wars Throughout History Throughout the ages of many, there have been many wars that have graced planet Earth. The Punic wars, a few hundred years before the birth of Christ, saw more than one million people deaths between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian Empire over a hundred-year span. The French Wars on Religion during the mid-1500s saw more than two million people die for the sake of their religion. And the Seven Years’ War between Great Britain and France, […]

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Writing Prompts about Civil War

• 🗃️ Essay topics
• ❓ Research questions
• 📝 Topic sentences
• 🪝 Essay hooks
• 📑 Thesis statements
• 🔀 Hypothesis examples
• 🧐 Personal statements

🔗 References

🗃️ essay topics on civil war.

• The causes of the American Civil War.
• The impact of slavery on the Civil War.
• The role of women during the Civil War.
• The role of African Americans in the Civil War.
• The impact of technology on the Civil War.
• The economic impact of the Civil War on the South.
• Abraham Lincoln, slavery and the Civil War.
• The military strategies used during the Civil War.
• The role of politics in the Civil War.
• The impact of the Civil War on the development of the United States as a nation.
• The role of religion in the Civil War.
• The impact of the Emancipation Proclamation on the Civil War.
• The role of international diplomacy during the Civil War.
• The impact of the Civil War on the Confederate and Union economies.
• The impact of the Civil War on the development of medicine and nursing practices.
• The role of women in espionage during the Civil War.
• The role of the Underground Railroad during the Civil War.
• The american Civil War causes.
• The impact of the Civil War on American literature.
• The legacy of the Civil War on race relations in the United States.
• The impact of the Civil War on the concept of American identity.

❓ Civil War Essay Questions

• What were the primary causes of the Civil War?
• How did the Civil War impact the United States economically, politically, and socially?
• What were the military strategies of the Union and Confederate armies during the Civil War?
• How did the Emancipation Proclamation impact the course of the Civil War?
• What role did foreign powers play in the Civil War?
• How did the Civil War change the social and political status of African Americans?
• How did the Civil War change the role of women in American society?
• What impact did the Civil War have on the development of American industry and technology?
• How did the Union’s blockade of Confederate ports impact the outcome of the Civil War?
• What impact did Civil War-era photography have on American culture and history?
• How did the Civil War impact the relationship between the federal government and the states?
• How did religion shape the experiences of soldiers and civilians during the Civil War?
• What were the long-term economic consequences of the Civil War on the Southern states?
• How did the politics of the Democratic and Republican parties differ during the Civil War era?
• What impact did the Civil War have on the development of American nationalism?

📝 Civil War Topic Sentences

• The American Civil War, fought from 1861 to 1865, was one of the deadliest and most significant conflicts in American history, with profound and lasting impacts on the country’s social, political, and economic landscape.
• The issue of slavery was the primary catalyst for the Civil War, as it highlighted the fundamental differences between the Northern and Southern states over the future direction of the United States.
• Despite initial successes on the battlefield, the Confederate States of America ultimately failed to win the Civil War due to a combination of factors, including insufficient resources, military leadership failures, and strategic blunders.

🪝 Top Hooks for Civil War Paper

📍 definition hooks on civil war for essay.

• The Civil War, also known as the War Between the States, was a catastrophic conflict fought between 1861 and 1865 that pitted the Union against the Confederacy. At its core, the war was fought over the issue of slavery and the rights of states to determine their own laws and practices, and its impact on American society and politics would be felt for generations to come.
• The Civil War was a seminal event in American history, marking the end of an era of agricultural and slave-based economies and the beginning of a new age of industrialization and modernization. With over 600,000 casualties, the war was also one of the bloodiest in American history, leaving a deep and lasting impact on the nation’s psyche and identity.

📍 Statistical Hooks about Civil War for Essay

• The American Civil War fought from 1861 to 1865, resulted in an estimated 620,000 to 750,000 military and civilian casualties, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in American history.
• According to the National Park Service, the American Civil War saw over 10,000 military engagements, including major battles such as Gettysburg and Antietam, with more than 3 million soldiers serving in the Union and Confederate armies over the course of the war.

📍 Question Hooks for Essay on Civil War

• How did the Civil War impact the lives and experiences of African Americans, both during the conflict and in the years that followed, and what role did their struggles play in shaping the outcome of the war and the future of the United States?
• What were some of the key military strategies and tactics employed by the Union and Confederate forces during the Civil War, and how did these approaches evolve and adapt over time in response to changing battlefield conditions and strategic objectives?

📑 Civil War Thesis Statements

✔️ argumentative thesis examples about civil war.

• The Civil War was a necessary and justifiable conflict, as it ultimately ended the institution of slavery and paved the way for a more equitable and just society, despite the tremendous human cost and long-lasting social and economic repercussions.
• The American Civil War was primarily fought over the issue of states’ rights and not just slavery, as the Southern states believed that they had the right to secede from the Union and that the federal government was overstepping its bounds in attempting to prevent them from doing so.

✔️ Analytical Thesis Samples on Civil War

• An analysis of the causes and outcomes of the Civil War reveals that the conflict was driven by a complex web of factors, including economic interests, regional differences, and ideological divides, and that its aftermath had both positive and negative effects on American society and politics.
• An analytical examination of the military strategies and tactics employed by both the Union and the Confederacy during the Civil War reveals the crucial role that leadership, logistics, and technology played in determining the outcome of the conflict, and sheds light on the strengths and weaknesses of each side.

✔️ Informative Thesis on Civil War

• The American Civil War was a complex and multifaceted conflict that had deep-seated causes and far-reaching consequences, including the abolition of slavery, the reunification of the nation, and the modernization of American society and industry.
• The Civil War had a profound impact on American society, politics, and culture, transforming the country in countless ways and leaving a lasting legacy that can still be felt today, more than 150 years after the conflict’s end.

🔀 Civil War Hypothesis Examples

• The use of new military technologies and tactics had a significant impact on the outcome of the Civil War.
• The political and social divisions that existed between the Northern and Southern states prior to the Civil War made conflict inevitable.

🔂 Null & Alternative Hypothesis on Civil War

• Null hypothesis: The economic factors, such as tariffs and taxation, were not a significant cause of the American Civil War.
• Alternative hypothesis: Economic factors, such as tariffs and taxation, were a significant cause of the American Civil War.

🧐 Examples of Personal Statement about Civil War

• I have always been interested in learning more about Civil War, the pivotal event in American history. Studying the causes and consequences of the conflict has deepened my appreciation for the sacrifices made by those who fought and died to preserve the Union and end slavery.
• My passion for social justice was ignited by my study of the Civil War and its aftermath, which exposed the deep-seated prejudices and inequalities that have plagued American society for centuries. I hope to use my education and advocacy work to help build a more equitable and inclusive world.
• The Road to the Inevitable Start of the American Civil War
• The Economic Cost of the American Civil ‘War: Estimates and Implications
• Financial Civil War: The Confederacy’s Financial Policies, 1861-1864
• The Ever-Evolving Historiography of the American Civil War
• The American Civil War of 1861 to 1865: A Retrospection

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The chief causes of the Civil War in the United States were slavery and the economic instability of that time. The war was between the North (the Union) and the South (the Confederacy), where more than 13% of African Americans were enslaved. Abraham Lincoln was elected president due to his anti-slavery expansion rhetoric. The time is considered a period of nation formation.

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The American Civil War Essay Examples

Type of paper: Essay

Topic: United States , America , Lincoln , Organization , Slavery , Violence , Government , War

Words: 1100

Published: 01/02/2020

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The American Civil War

The American civil war was fought from 1861 to 1865 and is believed to have consumed more lives than all other wars combined. The war was anticipated for over 40 years after the American Revolution due to conflicts between the North and south. There were many issues between the two sides, but slavery was the central issue. Another cause was taxation of goods imported from foreign countries. The taxes were called tariffs and the southerners felt oppressed since they imported more goods than the northerners. Goods exported from the south were heavily taxed, which was not applicable to goods of equal value exported from the north. These irregularities existed because the northern and Midwestern states had become very influential and their populations were increasing. Southern states were not very populated, which made them lose their power. This created sectionalism where the states were distinguished by differences in economy, culture, and values (Ford, 2004). The issue of slavery formed the center stage in the conflict leading to the civil war. Slaves provided labor in the plantations and farms owned by the whites. The southerners had more acceptance of slavery since the colonial period than the northerners. People from the north felt that the institution of slavery was uncivilized and should be abolished. Slavery for the southern Americans was protected by both the federal and state laws. The first confrontation occurred in 1819 when Missouri was admitted to the union as a slave state. This upset the balance of power in the senate, which constituted of 11 Free states and 11 slave states. The admission of Missouri increased the number of slave states to twelve. In 1820, Senator Henry Clay proposed the Missouri Compromise that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state to keep the balance of power (Glatthaar and Gallagher, 2001). The fugitive slave law passed in 1850 required all Americans to return runaway slaves. In 1857, the Supreme Court failed to grant freedom to Scott Dred who was a slave. This ruling was controversial to the northern anti-slavery leaders. In 1859, John Brown was executed for his attempt to steal weapons from the federal armory. This incident proved that the southern interests were not well represented in the senate, and the southerners wanted to secede from the north. The election of Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860, who was a republican and anti-slavery activist was viewed as a blow against secession by southern democrats (Ford, 2004). However, South Carolina and six other states managed to secede in 1860 and early 1861 and formed the Confederate States of America. These states attacked Fort Sumter in 1861, which belonged to the Union and was supported by the North. Lincoln called upon 75,000 from 23 states loyal to the Union to quell the rebellion of the south. States loyal to the union and those in the south began raising volunteers to serve in the armies. This marked the beginning of the civil war between the north and south. The war came to an end when three constitutional amendments were passed by congress. The 13th amendment of 1865 abolished the institution of slavery. The 14th amendment of 1868 granted citizenship to freed slaves and the 15th amendment of 1870 gave them the right to vote. The war had changed the political, social, and economic setup of America in less than 10 years. The ruling from the Scott case had concluded that African Americans could not attain partial or full citizenship whether free or slaves. This separated the country along racial lines since Africans were not entitled to constitutional rights enjoyed by the whites (Ford, 2004). The Blacks were considered inferior and could not interact with the whites either socially or politically. The 13th amendment aimed at forestalling the secession but was interfered with by the war and replaced in 1865 with the amendment that abolished slavery. The abolishment of slavery was not a goal of the government since Lincoln raised armies to preserve the Union and not to abolish slavery. Abolishing slavery was eventually assimilated as an aim for the preservation of the union by 1863. The end of the civil war ended the institution of slavery and secession by the southern states. The Confederacy was founded by Alexander to fight for the rights of slaves. The institution of slavery was built on racism, and it was difficult for the confederacy to fight for their rights. Racism continued even in the Reconstruction Era between 1865 and 1877. This undermined the 13th, 14th, and 15th constitutional amendments. The rights of the African Americans eroded in the following decades, and they were marginalized and segregated politically and economically. The white supremacy in the south was still evident after the civil war. Three black Americans could be lynched every week in the south between 1890 and 1920. Black Americans had to pay taxes but were denied the constitutional rights enjoyed by the whites (Glatthaar and Gallagher, 2001). The government had forgotten the rights of slaves in a rush to prevent the secession of the south. The southern philosophers considered slaves to be contented in slavery since they were committed and faithful to their masters. This made the southerners fight for the existence of the institution of slavery, but they were overwhelmed by the military strength of the Union. This ideology of slavery remained among the southerners as the country progressed to the industrial age and the Progressive Era. The south developed the Great Alibi since its defects became virtues of the war and their defeat turned victory long after the war had ended. The northern states considered themselves to be the savior of the nation by instilling morality to the southern states. Slavery continued to dominate the disagreements between the north and the south in the 19th century. The southern states took long to reconstruct due to destruction by the north that was better armed and had bigger troops than the southern forces. The civil war erupted in 1861, but the differences between the two sides began with the Declaration of Independence. The declaration did not address the abolition of slavery effectively, and the African Americans were granted fewer rights than the whites. These rights were still debatable between the abolitionists and the southern masters. The war stopped in 1865, but its legacy still exists in the current society. The war granted freedom to the slaves, and it gave them constitutional rights even though they were fully entitled to these rights several decades after the war.

Ford, C. T. (2004). The American Civil War: An overview. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers. Glatthaar, J. T., & Gallagher, G. W. (2001). The American Civil War. Oxford: Osprey Military.

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Reconstruction in the US After the Civil War Essay

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After the Civil War that ended in 1865, the situation in the US has greatly changed, as the Southern states got an opportunity to come back (Oakes et al. 621). Realizing that the country needs rehabilitation after the war, President Lincoln and Republicans started to implement changes aimed to keep the nation together, improve infrastructure and supply people with basic needs. Trying to rebuild the South, they started the Reconstruction, which faced a range of problems.

Republicans started punitive actions targeted at the Southern states for the war. As Johnson became a president, the Reconstruction altered. Being a Southerner, Johnson rejected Republicans’ wish to punish the states. He thought that they had a right to be rather independent as they respect the 13 th Amendment. Johnson followed the Lincoln’s 10 percent plan that was rather loyal. He recognized the state governments and pardoned the rebels, which Republicans considered inadmissible.

It was rather hard to implement the Reconstruction, as the Congress and presidents had different views on the situation and saw different ways of reaching the goal. Thus, ones were performing alterations, and others abolished them. Milling the wind, a lot of time and effort was wasted. Moreover, being under the pressure and not willing to yield, many southerners rejected changes and created organizations that threatened ex-slaves and were against the equality.

These were the Ku Klux Klan, the Knights of the White Camelia and others. In Maryland, citizens neglected the laws and tried to nullify the freedom gained by the slaves (“Maryland Lighthouse Keeper to a Baltimore Judge” par. 2). Apart from this, the freedmen also faced economic problems. They could not get another job having no education and skills except for those in farming. Thus, ex-slaves occurred to be poor and lacked clothing, food, etc. (“Testimony of a South Carolina Freedman” par. 18). Even when they became free, these people remained subservient to whites.

The freedmen had no place to go, and they continued working on the plantations that belonged to the whites as sharecroppers. The landowners could not afford to hire the workers, so they agreed to share the harvest. Very often they referred to the crop-lien system, according to which, the freedmen got a line on the crop and held it. As the product was sold, the landowner was the first to get the money. As a rule, such system was adopted by cotton farmers. Gaining profit in this way, the freedmen wanted to save enough money to become independent. Unfortunately, their aspirations were rarely met due to the problems entailed from the time they were slaves.

Fighting with the presidents regarding their views and actions, the Republicans nominated their candidate, Hayes, for the election in 1876, hoping that he would appeal to the voters. Still, he occurred to be not able to win, dealing with Tilden, the representative of Democrats. This election is said to be the most controversial one, as there were the disputed votes that influenced the results. Continuous disputed were resolved with the help of Electoral Commission. The Democrats promised to accept Hayes if the Republicans would agree to their demands. This Compromise of 1877 resolved the issue and made the Republicans gives up on Reconstruction.

As the Reconstruction ended, it occurred to be clear that this process gathered the country and destroyed the Confederacy. The slavery was abolished, which allowed African Americans become equal to European Americans in all major spheres. People became the unity; they improved educational and working conditions as well as living ones. Of course, this process took many years, but Reconstruction was the first step that allowed the US become what they are today.

Works Cited

Maryland Lighthouse Keeper to a Baltimore Judge . n.d. Web.

Oakes, James, Michael McGerr, Jan Lewis, Nick Cullather, Jeanne Boydston, Mark Summers and Camilla Townsend. Of the People , New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. Print.

Testimony of a South Carolina Freedman . n.d. Web.

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Home — Essay Samples — War — American Civil War — The Civil War in America

The Civil War in America

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Published: Jan 4, 2019

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Trump and Allies Forge Plans to Increase Presidential Power in 2025

The former president and his backers aim to strengthen the power of the White House and limit the independence of federal agencies.

Donald J. Trump intends to bring independent regulatory agencies under direct presidential control. Credit... Doug Mills/The New York Times

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• Published July 17, 2023 Updated July 18, 2023

Donald J. Trump and his allies are planning a sweeping expansion of presidential power over the machinery of government if voters return him to the White House in 2025, reshaping the structure of the executive branch to concentrate far greater authority directly in his hands.

Their plans to centralize more power in the Oval Office stretch far beyond the former president’s recent remarks that he would order a criminal investigation into his political rival, President Biden, signaling his intent to end the post-Watergate norm of Justice Department independence from White House political control.

Mr. Trump and his associates have a broader goal: to alter the balance of power by increasing the president’s authority over every part of the federal government that now operates, by either law or tradition, with any measure of independence from political interference by the White House, according to a review of his campaign policy proposals and interviews with people close to him.

Mr. Trump intends to bring independent agencies — like the Federal Communications Commission, which makes and enforces rules for television and internet companies, and the Federal Trade Commission, which enforces various antitrust and other consumer protection rules against businesses — under direct presidential control.

He wants to revive the practice of “impounding” funds, refusing to spend money Congress has appropriated for programs a president doesn’t like — a tactic that lawmakers banned under President Richard Nixon.

He intends to strip employment protections from tens of thousands of career civil servants, making it easier to replace them if they are deemed obstacles to his agenda. And he plans to scour the intelligence agencies, the State Department and the defense bureaucracies to remove officials he has vilified as “the sick political class that hates our country.”

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