save petroleum essay in english 700 words

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Save fuel for better environment and health essay in 700 words

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Fuel is very important for everyday activities . Day-by-day our fuel deposits are depreciating. We need to save fuel to have a better environment around us. The real danger in consuming fuel thoughtlessly is that it is drying up the earth’s resources. Fossil fuels like coal and oil and gas are non-renewable resources. Increasing usage is depleting their presence within the earth. To save our environment, we need to save fuel.

In today's world fuels are undoubtedly ruling our world. Our basic needs are Roti, Kapada and Makaan. And, we need fuel to cook, to manufacture fabric, to produce building material and to build our sweet homes. So willingly or unwillingly we are dependent on fuels to live.

We use fossil fuels such as coal, wood, natural gas, Petroleum and its derivatives like petrol, diesel, LPG, kerosene etc. Since the days of Industrial revolution, there has been a rapid growth and development in the entire globe. The machines in industries, transport vehicles and domestic appliances all use fossil fuels. Even though the world adopted electricity as a source of energy, we still need fossil fuels to produce electricity.

Environment is an essential part of our life. It includes surrounding water, air, trees, wildlife, birds, minerals etc. Quality of our life depends on the quality of our environment. Our health is dependent both on ourselves and our environment. We need a clean environment to live healthy.

Last four decades have seen tremendous growth in electric and electronic gadgets and appliances causing the demand for energy to go skyrocketing. Combustion of fossil fuels results in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that have negative impact on environment and health. Overuse of fuels have initiated a breakdown of our ecosystem balance.

As a consequence air we breathe is polluted with CO2, soot particles and harmful gases. A large number of people suffer from respiratory diseases. The local temperatures have risen. Climatic balance is broken. Global warming is causing icebergs at the Poles and ice caps on mountain peaks to melt at a faster rate.

Greenhouse gases (fluorocarbons) are depleting the Ozone layer faster than ever before. Ozone layer shields us from harmful Ultraviolet radiation of the Sun. The holes in Ozone layer mean sunburns and skin cancer from exposure to UV rays.

Many species of birds and oceanic creatures are getting extinct. Animals too suffer from pollution. The balance in Biodiversity has become an issue. Imbalance in food-chain results in Earth's ecosystem imbalance.

To live we eat food, drink water and breathe air. If they are contaminated, then certainly our health is affected. Comparing in our minds strolling happily on a path in a village and along a busy city road. Certainly we would want a peaceful and clean environment for a morning walk to the park nearby.

Fuel and energy saved is as good as produced. Fuel saved is more than driving away diseases and buying health. There are many ways to save fuel. We could use shared or public transport like trams and metros. We switch off engines while waiting for traffic signals. We take an exercising walk to nearby places. We use bicycle not just as a sport, but as a transport. We use more efficient fuels. We switch off gadgets and appliances when not in use. We use green vehicles and latest technology based machines. Also drive vehicles uniformly at recommended speeds and maintain properly to run at high mileage.

We need to replace obsolete technologies with the latest. Simply, we could replace the domestic light bulbs by the efficient LED bulbs. Let's use more efficient LCD and LED computer monitors and TVs in place of the bulky old ones. Let us use more efficient and silent CNG based engines rather than the traditional noisy diesel engines. Use of geothermal heat and biomass energies efficiently and cheaply serve our needs locally in the vicinity. Use of solar boats could reduce pollution of water bodies.

In rural areas people still use kerosene, wood and tree leaves for domestic cooking and heating. We need to upgrade their lifestyle so that fuel is saved and environment is saved.

Wastage of food, water or other materials happens inadvertently. Reducing wastage indirectly saves fuel required to produce more food and other products. Induction stoves save on energy needed to cook. Imagine 10% savings in a billion houses in the world.

Lets useless of traditional fuels and use more of clean renewable fuels like solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biomass, Nuclear, hydro, biofuel and so on. Then we meet our demands as well as save our environment. We stay healthier too. This is what ultimately we want and the mankind needs. Instead of polluting our location and then searching for a better place to live in, we all live healthier and jollier by saving fuel.

Fuels are the sources which run the world today. Think of your routine from morning. You wake up, glance down in your phone- phone runs on electrical energy, to walk in to have breakfast- food is made on oven using LPG, you set out for work in your car or bus- all vehicles run on fossil fuels, at work you turn on fans, air conditioners, computers- all run on fuels by burning down fuels.

Hence we can clearly see we don’t run the fuels, but fuels run us. But what are “fuels”?

Fuels are those energy sources which the help of which various devices of daily use can be run, by using them in the same form or by converting one form of energy into another. Fuels can be categorized in two ways:-

Renewable energy- fuels that can be replenished after using.
Non- renewable energy- fuels that cannot be replenished after using.

So far the use of the second category of fuels is more than the first category. And this the major concern of the environment activists of today

Non- renewable energy

Fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, crude oil, diesel, LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) form the non renewable energy sources. They had been formed million of years ago when plants and animals and other vegetative matter got suppressed under tremendous pressure and heat and hence some of them fossilized and some turned to fossil fuels.

Today those are the fuels that run the world. Humans are heavily dependent on these fuels to fulfill all his Knick knacks. And this has endangered the reserves of these fuels. The demand is more than what the earth has. Hence the reserves are depleting fast and a time may come when there will be nothing left for the future generations.

Not only this fossil fuels also leave behind a huge number of waste products after use. For example- coal leaves behind ash when burned for producing electricity, petrol and diesel leave behind harmful gaseous smoke when used in cars and it is released directly into atmosphere. Even nuclear power plants emit very dangerous radioactive wastes that have to be stored in pits deep below the ground otherwise it might mess up the human DNA due to radioactivity.

Only there are two sources which do not emit any harmful waste and they are LPG and CNG (Compressed Natural Gas). These two fuels are now widely used in gas cylinders for cooking purposes and in autorickshaw’s. They are by products of crude oil. But there is a limitation. There reserves are very limited. Their availability is even lesser than petrol reserves hence they are not much dependable sources.

If we do not cut down our demands now a time may come when there will be no fuel left at all for us to use. What would we do then? Is this what we are gifting our future generations? An energy-less earth! What is the benefit of so much technological advancement then?

Renewable Energy Sources

Renewable energy sources are those sources which will never finish no matter how much you use it during your lifetime. Such sources consist of wind energy, hydral energy, solar energy. Sun is the greatest source of all energies.

These sources are omnipresent. They can be used to generate power. For example – solar panel use the energy of the sun to produce heat and then this heat sorted can be used to charge up cells which in turn give electrical energy, windmills use the energy of the wind: its velocity to generate electrical power.

Similarly hydro power plants use the kinetic energy of falling water to run turbines to generate power. Not only this certain manufacturer is now making ‘bio-cars’ which run on fuel made biologically by the oil of certain vegetable and plants.

Another replacement of the LPG gas for cooking is the gobar gas. It is a very clever installment. It uses the methane gas produced by domestic human excreta that is locked in chambers. Once formed the gas is channeled to the ovens and this serves as the cooking gas in place of LPG.

“where there is will, there is way”. We can develop newer energy -efficient methods if we want to. These methods don’t produce any harmful chemicals or residue and hence do not affect neither the health nor the environment. No radioactive waste to deal with, no harmful chemicals, to need to worry about renewal, no harm to the environment.

Ways to save fuel

There can be many ways to save fuel starting from the individual level. To enumerate a few are:-

Always switch off fans and lights while leaving a room.
Do not use air conditioners unless needed. Do not leave any door or window open while ac is on.
Take steps to upper floors rather than using escalator or an elevator
Use carpool to office or school rather than individual commodity.
Use energy efficient lights and fans at home or in office
Fix any leaks or cracks in electrical wiring as soon as possible.
Installation of solar energy panels in offices and street lighting. Intelligent lighting to be used in street lights that turn off automatically with daylight.
Walk or cycle to the nearby places instead of taking car.

Hence, we should leave the conventional means of energy use and use the renewable resources to our advantage to meet our growing needs. This will help us to gift a better, greener and safe world to our future generations.

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Essay on Save Fuel for Better Environment

Saving fuels for a better environment is a very common topic for essay writing and a sample essay on this topic is given below for the perusal of kids and students. This essay emphasizes the need for cutting down fuel combustion and using fuel in a sustainable way. It also states the adverse effects of overusing fuels on our environment and the measures that can be taken to conserve our environment.

You can find more essays that are easy to learn and understand, on Vedantu and you can work on your essay writing skills by going through them.

Save Fuel for a Better Environment

Fuel has been observed as one of the widest used sources of energy throughout the globe. We all are surrounded by natural resources, and unknowingly we are using them multiple times in a day. There is no greater giver than nature and it gives us more than what we deserve. Nature is a tool to make our lives easier.

There are basically two types of energies with their quantity available, one is categorized as renewable which has reserves in infinite quantity and the other is non-renewable, reserves of which may one day prove insufficient. The conservation of non-renewable energies became a challenging job to the globe and each country is giving its equal contribution in storing and preserving it. Frequently the traffic signals show red color for a couple of minutes, even in the metro-cities and more populated areas this time exceeds it. In such time, simply switching off the engine of the vehicle is the minimal thing a driver can do for saving his own fuel.

“Today’s wastage is tomorrow’s shortage”. There are quantitative ways to store fuels. Let's think about some of the basic ways that can be fruitful and just requires simple measures to save it. The basic factor to be considered here is avoiding overuse. The technique of avoiding can be the simplest solution to this problem. In the critical conditions, it becomes very essential to avoid the use of fuels so that it can be available for the needy ones. For travelling for 2-3 kilometers instead of using a car take a walk. Try to find alternative ways for a luxurious life, like choose an open window over air conditioners.

Even though the use of fossil fuels is increasing, coal, oil, and gas are still abundant in the Earth's crust. The last four decades have seen a huge increase in electricity usage for electronic gadgets and appliances leading to a huge demand for energy. Simply switching off the fan when not needed or turning the lights off in the morning, turning the TV switches off while not in use helps in conserving electricity. The combustion of fossil fuels has a negative impact on the environment and health of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Excess of fuel has upset the balance in our environment.

Printing in the offices and schools can be reduced by simply reducing the quantitative to be in hard-copy format and start using it in soft-copy format. Moreover, at the end of the academic year, students are with the bulk of unnecessary hard-copies of notes with them. Instead of throwing them away, they could share it with their juniors. Children can start contributing by turning off faucets while brushing their teeth, thereby assisting in water conservation.

It’s become a necessity to conserve the fuel as life is becoming congested as the population is rising, the fuel could be a supportive mate for fighting in the daily schedule. The students are encouraged with certain slogans and messages on the school notice boards like ‘The less you burn, the more you earn’.

Since time immemorial, the Indian way of life has been about how we share our relationship with the environment. The environment has been central to our well being and we have accorded a divine place to nature in our belief systems. But in the last century, we have seen massive industrialization with the coming of petrol and automobiles taking over the roads.

This massive growth comes with certain conditions like the energy demand which is required for vehicles and industries. Most of this energy demand is met by fossil fuels like Coal, Petroleum etc. Global warming is a reality and the earth is heating up, ice caps are melting and the sea level is rising. This calls for immediate action by governments and individuals worldwide.

Why do we Need to Conserve Fuel?

One of the established goals of the United Nations has been the mission to achieve sustainable development. It is a way of development where we meet the demands of people in such a way that the natural resources are available for our future generations. The most important thing to achieve this goal is creating awareness among people to adapt to a lifestyle that can support life as we know it.

For this, we must conserve fuel and take whatever steps necessary which may seem small but collectively has a huge impact. These things can be daily activities like switching off the lights while leaving the room, shutting down automobiles when not in use etc.

These may seem like very small steps but if contributed by everyone, they shall develop into behavioral changes which will ensure change at the ground level and once these changes are being felt by the people, the government will be obliged to play its dear part and in such a way we can secure the future of the world for the coming generations.

FAQs on Save Fuel for Better Environment Essay

1. Why do we need to conserve fuel?

Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are the most commonly used fuels in our daily lives. All of these fuels are categorized as non-renewable natural resources, so a sustainable use of these resources is of utmost importance. These resources take a longer time to replenish so sustainable use of these resources will help us save them for the next generations. Also, it will help clean up the environment greatly, by improving the air quality.

2. What is the impact of the overuse of fuel on the environment?

Human greed is unlimited, we always want more in every situation that we find ourselves in. This urges you to extract as much as you can from the available resources. This puts our natural resources under extreme pressure and degrades the quality of the environment. Excessive use of fossil fuels has led to global warming which is today at an alarming level and various cities and even some island countries are facing the risk of subversion into the seas.

3. Can I find a good essay on Save Fuel for a better environment online?

Yes, a good essay on Save Fuel for a better environment is available on Vedantu and you can access it for free. The subject matter experts of Vedantu have prepared this essay with the most relevant information on the need for fuel conservation. All the sentences in this essay are grammatically correct and unique, and you can also take note of the coherent paragraph formation from this essay.

4. What are the main points to be written in an essay for ‘Save Fuel for a better environment’?

You can frame your essay on the topic ‘Save Fuel for a better environment’ based on the following outlines.

What is the impact of fuel combustion on our environment?

How does it impact the reserves of natural resources?

What are the measures that can be taken to reduce fuel combustion?

How can we spread awareness for saving fuels among children?

What are the benefits of saving fuel?

Writing the answers to these questions and framing them into coherent paragraphs will help you prepare an informative essay on the topic ‘Save Fuel for a better environment’.

5. Where can I find good resources on essays about the environment?

Vedantu, India’s leading digital education platform brings to you a plethora of Online resources including Solved Question papers, Sample Papers, Chapter lessons, Solved Exercises, Solved questions and much more. You can find essays that are written in a simple yet sophisticated manner that covers a host of issues including the Environment. These essays are made by our in house experts and boost the confidence of students along with providing key points while writing.

6. What are the alternatives to fossil fuels?

The world as we know it today is almost exclusively dependent on petroleum products to fulfill its need for transport. Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene are some of the most important energy resources which are required by the common man for his daily life. In such a situation where we know that we have only limited stock of these resources, Alternative sources of energy which are renewable like Solar, Wind, and Geothermal etc are coming up. However, it is still a long way before these forms of energy become sustainable.

7. What are the keywords while writing an essay about Environment and fuels?

The environment is one of the most important issues upon which some questions are regularly asked in the examinations. The important thing to focus on is the theme of the essay upon which you have to build your premise. Use words like nature, sustainable, resources, future generations, renewable energy etc to stress your point and make sure you have a proper conclusion at the end.

8. How can we create awareness about our environment?

Protecting the environment is the collective job of all humans. The nature surrounding us affects us one and all and hence we must take proper precautions while dealing with the environment. Writing essays, speeches, poems and discussing this with your friends and family can be a very good initiative. Schools and colleges can do seminars that provide information to the general public. The government should also take it upon itself to instill a sense of care for the environment among the people.

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Save fuel for better environment and health essay in 700 words

Fuel is very important for everyday activities. Day-by-day our fuel deposits are depreciating. We need to save fuel to have a better environment around us. The real danger in consuming fuel thoughtlessly is that it is drying up the earth’s resources. Fossil fuels like coal and oil and gas are non-renewable resources. Increasing usage is depleting their presence within the earth. To save our environment we need to save fuel.In todays world fuels are undoubtedly ruling our world. Our basic needs are Roti Kapada and Makaan. And we need fuel to cook to manufacture fabric to produce building material and to build our sweet homes. So willingly or unwillingly we are dependent on fuels to live.We use fossil fuels such as coal wood natural gas Petroleum and its derivatives like petrol diesel LPG kerosene etc. Since the days of Industrial revolution there has been a rapid growth and development in the entire globe. The machines in industries transport vehicles and domestic appliances all use fossil fuels. Even though the world adopted electricity as a source of energy we still need fossil fuels to produce electricity.Environment is an essential part of our life. It includes surrounding water air trees wildlife birds minerals etc. Quality of our life depends on the quality of our environment. Our health is dependent both on ourselves and our environment. We need a clean environment to live healthy.Last four decades have seen tremendous growth in electric and electronic gadgets and appliances causing the demand for energy to go skyrocketing. Combustion of fossil fuels results in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that have negative impact on environment and health. Overuse of fuels have initiated a breakdown of our ecosystem balance.As a consequence air we breathe is polluted with CO2 soot particles and harmful gases. A large number of people suffer from respiratory diseases. The local temperatures have risen. Climatic balance is broken. Global warming is causing icebergs at the Poles and ice caps on mountain peaks to melt at a faster rate.Greenhouse gases fluorocarbons are depleting the Ozone layer faster than ever before. Ozone layer shields us from harmful Ultraviolet radiation of the Sun. The holes in Ozone layer mean sunburns and skin cancer from exposure to UV rays.Many species of birds and oceanic creatures are getting extinct. Animals too suffer from pollution. The balance in Biodiversity has become an issue. Imbalance in food-chain results in Earths ecosystem imbalance.To live we eat food drink water and breathe air. If they are contaminated then certainly our health is affected. Comparing in our minds strolling happily on a path in a village and along a busy city road. Certainly we would want a peaceful and clean environment for a morning walk to the park nearby.Fuel and energy saved is as good as produced. Fuel saved is more than driving away diseases and buying health. There are many ways to save fuel. We could use shared or public transport like trams and metros. We switch off engines while waiting for traffic signals. We take an exercising walk to nearby places. We use bicycle not just as a sport but as a transport. We use more efficient fuels. We switch off gadgets and appliances when not in use. We use green vehicles and latest technology based machines. Also drive vehicles uniformly at recommended speeds and maintain properly to run at high mileage.We need to replace obsolete technologies with the latest. Simply we could replace the domestic light bulbs by the efficient LED bulbs. Lets use more efficient LCD and LED computer monitors and TVs in place of the bulky old ones. Let us use more efficient and silent CNG based engines rather than the traditional noisy diesel engines. Use of geothermal heat and biomass energies efficiently and cheaply serve our needs locally in the vicinity. Use of solar boats could reduce pollution of water bodies.In rural areas people still use kerosene wood and tree leaves for domestic cooking and heating. We need to upgrade their lifestyle so that fuel is saved and environment is saved.Wastage of food water or other materials happens inadvertently. Reducing wastage indirectly saves fuel required to produce more food and other products. Induction stoves save on energy needed to cook. Imagine 10% savings in a billion houses in the world.Lets useless of traditional fuels and use more of clean renewable fuels like solar wind tidal geothermal biomass Nuclear hydro biofuel and so on. Then we meet our demands as well as save our environment. We stay healthier too. This is what ultimately we want and the mankind needs. Instead of polluting our location and then searching for a better place to live in we all live healthier and jollier by saving fuel.

Geography Notes

Essay on petroleum: top 8 essays | fossil fuels | economic geography.

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Here is a compilation of essays on ‘Petroleum’ for class 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Petroleum’ especially written for school students.

Essay on Petroleum

Essay Contents:

Essay on the Uses of Petroleum

Essay # 1. Introduction to Petroleum:

Petroleum, the mineral in the greatest demand in modern industry, supplies half the world’s energy requirements. It provides fuel for heat and lighting, lubricants for machinery and raw materials for a number of manufacturing industries.

In comparison with other fuels, such as coal, it has several advantages: it occurs in great abundance; it is easily obtained; it can be cheaply distributed; and above all, it has the widest range of domestic as well as industrial uses. It is often, therefore, referred to as ‘black gold’.

Despite repeated predictions of its rapid exhaustion, world petroleum production increases every year. Scientists and geo- physicists, using modern prospecting equipment such as the gravimeter, magnetometer and seismograph are discovering more and more new oilfields and are greatly widening the world’s known reserves of oil. Many of the most recently discovered fields are deep beneath the sea-floor.

The word petroleum is derived from the Latin words petra, meaning rock, and oleum, meaning oil. It is so called because it is derived from the rocks, where it flows freely in either liquid or gaseous state. It was first used where seepages occurred at the surface. In ancient times the Chinese, who encountered oil in drilling for salt in brine wells, used it as fuel to evaporate the brine.

The Egyptians used it for embalming the dead before burial. The Bible notes that dark pitch from petroleum residues was used on Noah’s ark to make the wooden vessel waterproof. It was also recorded that tar (bitumen) was employed in cementing bricks in the construction of the Tower of Babylon, and in paving the streets in Mesopotamia.

Petroleum was also mentioned by many Greek and Roman writers who noted its use as lamp fuel and for ointments. In many other parts of the world such as around the Caspian Sea, in Romania, in Burma and in India, oil was often used in lighting, cooking, lubricating and for medical purposes.

But the first man to have really ‘struck oil’ was probably Samuel M. Kier who in 1848 found it by chance in wells on the banks of the Allegheny River of Pennsylvania. He named it after the local Indians as Seneca oil. The shortage of whale oil, then widely used for domestic lighting and for oiling machinery, created a great demand for mineral oil.

The Seneca Oil Company was soon formed for drilling oil. ‘Colonel’ Edwin L. Drake, a retired railway conductor, was sent to Titusville, Pennsylvania (about 80 km/50 miles north of Pittsburgh) to drill for oil. He encountered many setbacks. After two months, on 27 August 1859, drilling to a depth of 21.2 metres (69 ½ft), Drake struck oil.

It poured at the rate of 10 barrels (1.3 tonnes) a day. This ushered in the great ‘oil rush’, and commercial exploitation of petroleum on a large scale began. Drake, however, died a poor man, though he had made it possible for many oilmen to become rich after him. To commemorate his achievement, a stone monument was erected at the exact spot of his first oil well in the Drake Memorial Park at Titusville.

Essay # 2. Origin of Petroleum :

The origin of petroleum is still not definitely known, though it is generally presumed to be derived from organic material. Analysis of oil samples shows that it is formed from the decomposition by anaerobic bacteria of innumerable small marine plant and animal organisms trapped in sediments as they were deposited on the sea-bed.

Some scientists believe that when an accumulation of sedimentary rocks in the ocean depths is compacted, the pressure generates heat which transforms the decaying matter into tiny droplets of oil. Others think that oil may have formed relatively rapidly after the organisms were trapped in the sediments and that heat or pressure were not necessary to the process.

Oil formation in sedimentary rocks has been going on since the beginning of geological time and is probably continuing today, and unlike many other minerals which require special conditions for their occurrence, oil can be found in many different rocks of various ages and is very widely distributed. Wherever there are areas of marine sedimentary rocks such as mudstone, shale, sandstone or limestone oil may be found in some of the strata.

The oil is trapped in the pore-spaces of the rocks and thus rocks such as sandstone with a high proportion of spaces are most likely to contain oil. Compacted mud and shale have very tiny pore spaces which either prevent the presence of oil or make it very difficult to obtain, e.g. from oil shales, if it is present.

Within porous rocks the oil is capable of migrating in any direction until it is trapped by the presence of a non-porous cap-rock such as a shale or mudstone. When the rocks originally formed under the sea, not only oil was trapped but also sea-water. This also remains in the pore spaces of the rock. Because oil is lighter than water it usually lies above it in the rock. Above the oil are the lightest hydrocarbons forming natural gas.

Thus oil is usually found in a water-oil-gas sequence, though sometimes only gas is found, and no oil exists. When a cap-rock prevents the oil or gas from moving further, either upwards or sideways it is trapped; it cannot move downwards through the heavier water. Oil rarely occurs in igneous rocks, and when it does it is due to migration of oil from sedimentary rocks into interstices such as joints in the igneous rocks.

Essay # 3. Properties of Petroleum :

Technically speaking, petroleum is an inflammable mixture of oily hydrocarbons with very complex chemical properties. Some crude oils contain other minerals such as sulphur. Crude petroleum varies in colour from amber-green to brownish black. The lighter grades are greenish, have a high hydrogen content but little carbon. The heavier grades are almost black and have a low hydrogen percentage but more carbon.

In terms of specific gravity (i.e. its weight compared with water which is 1), crude petroleum varies from 0.77 to 0.99 and is therefore lighter than water so that it always floats on water. In commercial circles, oil is gauged by hydrometers, whose readings are given in the Baume Scale. Oil that gives a reading of over 30° is classified as light oil, and that lower than 20° is heavy oil.

The modern petroleum industry recognizes three principal grades of crude oil:

i. Paraffin-Base Oil:

This contains a high percentage of the lighter hydrocarbons such as methane and yields the commercially more valued products, e.g. petrol, paraffin and high grade lubricating oils.

ii. Asphalt-Base Oil:

This consists mainly of the heavier hydrocarbons with a viscous, asphaltic base. It is of less commercial significance because it yields little motor-oil during distillation. Much of its residue is in the form of asphalt or bitumen, almost in solid state.

iii. Mixed-Base Oil:

This is an intermediate group with mixed properties of the lighter and heavier oils. It carries a high percentage of naphthene and is graded 20° on the Baume Scale. It is used both for lubricants and fuel oils.

Essay # 4. Ways for Trapping Petroleum:

There are several common ways in which oil can be trapped.

i. Anticlinal Trap:

This is the most common mode of oil occurrence. Rock strata are often subject to folding as a result of earth movements, and are arched up as anticlines or domes. Oil is trapped in the crest of the upfold, usually in the gas-oil-water sequence.

The oil-bearing stratum is a porous layer, e.g. sandstone, through which oil may flow. The oil is prevented from rising or sinking by intervening layers of non-porous strata, e.g. shale. Wells sunk at A will tap oil while wells at B and C would tap gas and water respectively.

ii. Fault Trap:

Earth movements may also cause faulting and porous and non-porous strata may be brought into juxtaposition. The Oil is trapped in a tilted layer of reservoir rock (sandstone) and is prevented from escaping by the cap-rock above (shale).

iii. Salt Plug:

A salt plug is formed when a huge body of rock salt, a rather mobile and weak rock, is subjected to great pressure from above. It pushes upwards through a weakness in the overlying strata to form a steep-sided dome. Oil is trapped around the margins of the salt plug.

iv. Stratigraphic Trap:

Oil may be trapped stratigraphically where it occurs in rocks that, after folding, are eroded down and then subjected to renewed deposition. The layers above the unconformity may be non-porous and thus trap the oil. Where rocks lense-out, oil may also be trapped.

Essay # 5. Prospecting and Drilling of Petroleum :

Since Colonel Drake drilled his first oil well at Titusville in 1859, fortune-seekers all over the world have been hoping to strike oil. Many of them began drilling without making any comprehensive structural studies of the underlying rocks.

Such random drilling is described as wild-catting. Drilling for oil is so expensive, that many who struck no oil went bankrupt. Colonel Drake was fortunate to strike oil at only 21.2 metres (69 ½ ft) for most oil wells are several thousand metres deep, and prospecting and drilling operations can take weeks or months.

One of the world’s deepest wells, in Pecos, Texas, was drilled to a depth of 7,725 metres (25,340 ft), cost US$3 million, over a year’s work and found no oil! Disappointment in oil drilling is not unusual and drilling is a calculated risk. For example, in 1949, an estimated 38,000 wells were drilled in the United States: 60 per cent struck oil, 7 per cent produced natural gas, while the remaining 33 per cent were simply ‘dry holes’.

Once oil is struck, people rush to share the new source of wealth and a boom is created. Roads will be constructed to bring in the equipment, technicians and workers pour in, and on their heels come other people such as shopkeepers, who share the boom indirectly. Oklahoma City was a small town in 1900 with barely 9,000 inhabitants. With the finding of oil, it grew rapidly and has more than 500,000 people today.

In Venezuela, the city of Maracaibo was an unknown village at the beginning of this century, but is now the second largest urban centre of the country, with half a million people and all the modern amenities that ‘liquid gold’ can give. In recent years the city of Aberdeen in Scotland has undergone great changes and an influx of population because it has become the base for exploration and drilling in the North Sea.

In the past seepages at the surface gave a clue as to where oil might be found, or drilling was simply at random, but nowadays the search for oil is a much more complicated procedure, involving a wide knowledge of geology and geophysics. Before trial wells are drilled geologists study the surface rock outcrops from aerial photographs or in the field to determine the geological structure.

If this is suitable the area is subjected to further investigation to determine the arrangement of underlying strata. The geophysicists map the subterranean structure, using many sophisticated instruments. Soundings are taken by exploding dynamite at prospective drilling sites so that the vibrations can be recorded by seismographs.

Since different rock types are of varying density, the time taken for the shock waves to be reflected from the various layers gives valuable information about the depth and structure of the underlying rocks. The information is automatically recorded as a series of wavy lines, by sensitive instruments such as geophones, and the pattern is later interpreted by geologists.

Other instruments employed in the search for oil include the magnetometer which measures the variations of the earth’s magnetic field, and the gravimeter which measures the differences of the gravitational force of denser and lighter rocks. The presence of oil affects their readings and therefore gives an indication of where oil might be found.

Seismic methods of determining the geological structure are particularly important where the oil-bearing rocks lie under the sea- floor. In such cases little is previously known about the geological conditions, and soundings, made from ships which work systematically throughout a region, give a fairly complete picture of the submarine geology.

Before the introduction of geophysical instruments the chances of striking oil were very slight; only one well in twenty was likely to strike oil and billions of dollars were wasted in sinking ‘dry holes’. Today, however, waste is minimal and one drilling in three should strike oil.

Expenditure is very great because, apart from prospecting and drilling, finance is needed for research on petroleum conservation, and on finding more and more uses for oil, gas and petroleum byproducts. Demand for oil and gas as industrial and domestic fuels and for driving and lubricating motor cars and other machinery is so great, however, that the industry is very lucrative and the large companies can easily finance continual exploration in new areas, even where the difficulties are great as in the polar regions, e.g. Alaska, or the oceans.

The most familiar sights in the oilfields are the great steel towers or derricks, 35—60 metres (120— 200 ft) high, which mark the places where the oil is being drilled. In the past the derricks were made of wood but they are now made of steel and are portable, so that they can be taken down when the well is exhausted to be used again elsewhere.

In many parts of the world where oil occurs under the continental shelves, off-shore drilling has to be employed, e.g. in the Gulf of Mexico, the North Sea and off Malaysia, Brunei and Sumatra in the Sunda Shelf. Drilling is more complicated off shore as the derricks and other equipment have to be mounted on platforms.

These platforms may float or may rest on huge piles where the water is shallow. Many drilling platforms can be moved from place to place so that if drilling is unsuccessful the rig is towed to a new location. The platforms may be very near shore, but many are as much as 160 km (100 miles) out at sea and thus must be self-contained, with power plants, food and freshwater supplies, living quarters for the men, as well as boats and helicopters which ferry out men, equipment and food supplies.

There are two major methods of oil drilling: the percussion or cable-tool method and the rotary method. The former method was used by Edwin Drake and the earlier drillers for drilling shallow wells of not more than 610 metres (2,000 ft). It is cheap, but slow and inefficient and so is rarely used today. Modern oil companies use the more efficient rotary drilling method. Diesel engines move the rotary table and spin the kelly and the drill stem.

The drill stem carries steel drilling pipes each 9 metres (30 ft) long and 13 cm (5 inches) in diameter and at the bottom is the powerful drilling bit that cuts its way through the earth and rocks. As the drilling operation progresses, more and more lenghts of the steel pipe are added until the bore hole may be thousands of metres deep.

The bore hole is reinforced by steel pipes of larger diameter than the drilling pipes, which prevent it caving in. The crown block at the top of the derrick carries a pulley from which a travelling block is suspended by cables. Its function is to raise or lower the long string of drill pipes.

It is obvious that as more and more pipes are added to the drilling string, it becomes very much heavier. At a depth of 1,520 metres (5,000 ft), the string weighs as much as 50 tonnes. The rate of drilling varies from 76 metres (250 ft) an hour in soft ground to less than 0.3 metre (1 foot) an hour in harder beds.

Meanwhile, a lubricating ‘mud’ made from clay and chemicals, is pumped into the drilling pipes through the swivel and the kelly to the drilling bit. The mud then returns inside the casing which lines the hole. Besides cooling and lubricating the drilling bit, the mud also brings up rock fragments to be examined by geologists for oil. The vibrating mud-screen sieves the mud which is then stored in the mud pit for re-use. The cleansed mud is later passed back to the swivel to be pumped down the drilling string again.

Constant drilling will wear out the bit, which therefore needs regular replacement. Commercially used drilling bits are of three kinds. The fishtail bit, with a split-wedge shape like the tail of a fish, is used for drilling soft rocks like shale; the toothy rock drill which measures up to 0.3 metre (1 foot) in diameter and consists of a number of interlocking wheels, is very effective in cutting through hard rocks.

For hard drilling in very resistant rocks a special diamond- studded core bit is used. The industrial diamonds on the bit will cut through anything in the earth’s crust. They are widely used by geologists to obtain cylindrical core samples for rock analysis.

Another problem encountered in oil drilling is keeping the bore hole vertical and straight. The longer the drill pipe grows, the more flexible it becomes, and, unless great care is taken in checking the drilling line, it may never reach the intended position. Re-drilling is both costly and painstaking.

In some cases, however, it may be desirable to drill at an angle in order to reach an oil reserve not directly beneath the derrick. This is known as directional drilling. It is accomplished by varying the weight on the bit with the brake in the drawing works. Directional drilling is desirable when the oil sought lies below a lake, river, sea or even a group of buildings; or when it is desired to drill several wells from a single site.

When the drilling bit finally strikes oil- or gas-bearing rocks, gas and oil often gush upwards to the surface, because they are usually trapped under great pressure. The borehole releases the pressure and allows the oil to escape upwards. The final strike may be sudden and unexpected and carelessness may allow the escaping gas or oil to catch fire, with disastrous consequences.

The entire derrick may be destroyed and the fire, continually fed by oil and gas from below may last for a longtime and cause great damage, besides consuming the reserves of oil which had been tapped. The fire of Gassi Touil in the Sahara is said to have burnt up £10 million worth of gas before it was extinguished. Its 140 metre (450 ft) high flames could be seen by people more than a hundred kilometres away.

Not all oil wells are gushers. In some cases the pressure is low and oil has to be pumped to the surface from the outset. Most gushers, too, after the initial pressure release, cease to flow. After a time the oil or gas has to be pumped to the surface.

There are hundreds of thousands of oil wells in the world. The older ones are becoming exhausted or have already run dry, like those of the Appalachians, while many newer wells in Texas, the Middle East, North Africa, Europe, the U.S.S.R. and South-East Asia are still at peak production. The life and productivity of an oil well is difficult to predict accurately and so are the petroleum reserves.

The Spindle top oilfield at Beaumont, Texas, first drilled on 10 January 1901 yielded 100,000 barrels (13,500 tonnes) a day for the first 10 days and then declined gradually but flowed for many years. Some small wells last only a few days before being exhausted. Nowadays the expense of drilling and operating oil wells is such that wells are not brought into production unless forecast output and reserves are sufficient to offset costs.

Extraction becomes difficult when the pressure in the well becomes low but in some cases this difficulty can be overcome. Sea-water can be pumped into the well to replace extracted oil. The water sinks to the bottom of the reservoir rock forcing the oil to the top where it can more easily be reached.

Production in the southern Californian off-shore fields was boosted in this way. The flow of viscous heavy oil can be improved by pumping steam into the oil-bearing rocks. Production may be halted because the bore hole is clogged with heavy asphalt residues. It will then be necessary to send down strong acids to dissolve the clog or explode nitroglycerine in the borehole to provide new channels for the oil to reach the surface.

On average only about one-third of the oil contained in a rock can be extracted, either because the deposits lie too deep to be reached by available equipment or because, though they could theoretically be extracted, it would be uneconomic to do so. The continual improvement in oil mining techniques and equipment is enabling deeper and deeper reserves to be worked and is also allowing old areas, previously abandoned as unworkable, to be brought back into production.

Essay # 6. Transportation and Storage of Petroleum :

Petroleum is one of the few liquid commodities that is traded in large quantities and transported over long distances. It can be conveyed by road in oil trucks, by rail in tank waggons, by sea in oil tankers and even by aircraft for military and emergency purposes.

The bulk of the world’s crude oil from the oilfields is, however, transported by an endless network of pipelines, either to refineries or to the coastal shipping terminals. Pipelines are expensive to build, and once built, their route is fixed and cannot be easily changed. Before laying a pipeline therefore it is important for oil companies to be sure there will be a steady flow of oil through the line and a constant demand at the market end of the line.

If this is the case, pipelines are the most economical mode of transport for an inflammable liquid like oil. Where flexibility of routes is essential to serve varied or fluctuating markets, or where pipelines are often insecure for political reasons, tanker transport by sea may be preferred. The increase in tanker size so that large volumes of oil can be carried relatively cheaply has made tanker transport more economical in recent years.

The main trunk pipelines that cross deserts, forest and mountains are between 76 cm (30 inches) and 122 cm (48 inches) in diameter, or even larger, but the subsidiary lines are much smaller, between 15 and 61 cm (6 and 24 inches), with walls 0.6 cm (1/4 inch) thick. Numerous pumping stations are constructed along the pipeline to keep the oil flowing steadily at the rate of 5—8 km.p.h. (3—5 m.p.h.). On level ground the stations may be 240 km (150 miles) apart but on rugged terrain they have to be closer, about 48 to 80 km (30 to 50 miles), to maintain the flow.

There are many problems involved in laying, inspecting and maintaining the network of pipelines. The various lengths of the pipelines have first to be brought to the laying sites, where they are welded together, the joints being carefully sealed. The pipeline may lie on the surface in uninhabited areas but in densely populated or agricultural areas the line has to be buried so as not to interfere with other land use.

Very often several sets of pipelines run parallel to one another, belonging either to one corporation or to different oil companies. There are also pipelines from the refineries that carry different liquid products (petrol, diesel, kerosene or benzene) to the installations at consuming centres, e.g. products pipelines link the Fawley refinery in southern England with London. Natural gas is also carried by pipeline. Pipelines may be laid on the sea-floor to transport oil or gas from off-shore fields to refineries on land.

Precautions have to be taken to make sure that the pipelines are in perfect functioning condition. The steel pipes are coated with bitumen and wrapped in protective glass fibres before they are laid in the ground, to prevent corrosion. A perforated pipeline leaks and this can be very serious if the oil catches fire.

Large oil companies therefore maintain ‘beat walkers’ who patrol the pipe route to check any leakage and repair it on the spot. Trained dogs are also used for this purpose. In difficult terrain or in deserts, low-flying aeroplane patrols keep a watchful eye on the pipelines, reporting any leakage as evidenced by the discoloured ground.

In parts of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates local tribal leaders are paid well to guard the section of the pipeline which runs through their territory. Pipelines are easily damaged by saboteurs from unfriendly nations or by local anti-government groups and a watch is maintained to forestall such attack.

Some pipelines are fitted with automatic alarms that warn of any acute changes in pressure or leakages. Once any damage is reported, the preceding pumping station of the pipeline will be disconnected and the flow of oil halted while repairs are being made.

As pipelines thread through varied terrain, climbing hills and descending valleys, artificial pressure has to be applied to make the oil flow continuously. It flows easily downhill, but when ascending uplands the pumping station has to apply extra pressure to boost its uphill climb. For some heavy sluggish crude oils, it may be necessary to heat the oil before it can be made to flow easily.

The use of pipelines in oil transport first began in Pennsylvania, U.S.A., in 1861, when it was found that haulage in wooden barrels was far too expensive and inefficient. It began with wooden pipes covering only short distances, but later iron and steel pipes were developed. So much crude oil was produced in the various American oilfields that by the beginning of this century, the country was already criss-crossed by a network of pipelines, terminating in refineries and coastal ports.

Cylindrical storage tanks capable of holding over 800 tonnes of oil each became a common sight in many city suburbs. Pipelines carry oil the length and breadth of the country and even bring oil from Prudhoe Bay on the North Coast of Alaska to markets in mainland U.S.A. The demand for natural gas is also very great and pipelines distribute gas to such urban markets as New York, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles and San Francisco.

The network of natural gas pipelines in the U.S.A. is now larger than that of the oil pipelines. Canadian pipelines are also very extensive, linking the oil and gas fields of Alberta with terminals at Sarnia on Lake Huron, the major population centres on the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes, and Vancouver on the Pacific coast.

There are very long gas and oil pipelines in the U.S.S.R. linking the trans-Urals fields with major industrial centres. There are also many important pipelines in the Middle East, the longest being the Tapline (i.e. Trans-Arabian Pipeline) which links the oilfields of the Persian Gulf with Saida (Sidon) in Lebanon on the Mediterranean.

The Tapline is 1,707 km (1,067 miles) long and was constructed in 1950 at a cost of £80 million by the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramoco). Its pipes are 76 cm (30 inches) in diameter and have a carrying capacity of more than 20 million tonnes a year. Other pipelines in the Middle East include the 896-km (560-mile) line from Kirkuk (Iraq) to Banias (Syria) on the Mediterranean coast.

Tankers are used to transport oil across the high seas and, since 1938, oil has taken first place amongst the cargoes carried by the world’s merchant fleets. The world’s petroleum resources are rather unevenly distributed. They are located chiefly in the U.S.A., Canada, Venezuela, the Middle East, the Sahara, and the U.S.S.R., with minor fields in Indonesia, Australia and Europe.

While U.S., Canadian, Russian and European production can be used locally many producing countries, especially in the Middle East and North Africa, have little demand for oil or its by-products. The oil, therefore, has to be brought to the industrial centres, such as Western Europe, the U.S.A. and Japan, where it is most urgently required. This necessitates the great international trade in oil.

Oil tankers are special cargo-ships built solely for the conveyance of oil. Pre-war tankers were small, between 12,000 and 30,000 tonnes, but the oil tankers today are much larger, carrying at least 50,000 tonnes of oil. Modern super-tankers may carry 300,000 tonnes of oil or more.

Each tanker is divided into thirty or more separate tanks to prevent the oil from surging and rolling about in the rough seas. The cargo can be easily loaded or discharged by pumping the oil through pipes. Where the sea is shallow near the coast as in Brunei or some parts of the Persian Gulf tankers are loaded by pipeline without ever reaching the shore.

Since the tankers carry such an inflammable liquid as oil, special devices have to be installed to fight any outbreak of fire. All the cargo compartments are lined with an intricate system of pipes, through which steam can be drawn in to smother the flames. In addition there are rows of fire extinguishers, fire hoses, water pumps and oxygen-breathing apparatus which can be readily made use of in the event of fire.

The greatest danger, however, often occurs when the tankers are empty and gases remaining in the tanks cause tremendous explosions, often sinking the tankers almost immediately.

Most of the world’s largest refineries are sited at ocean terminals where the tankers unload the crude oil. The oil is stored in huge tanks with storage capacities varying from 5,000 to 100,000 barrels (650 to 13,500 tonnes) each. They act as reservoirs, supplying the crude oil to the refining plants.

After refining, the various products, including petrol, diesel oil, kerosene and gases, are again stored in separate tanks before being distributed to consumers. Much of the oil is stored underground which is safe, economical and occupies least space.

Strict fire precautionary measures are taken in the tank farms. Each storage tank is provided with a gas- tight dip-hole and air-exit valves which counteract the differences in pressure when the tanks are heated by day and cooled by night. The roof is floatable to give room for ‘breathing’, caused by the expansion or contraction of the oil. The steel-plated tanks of 2.5 cm (1 inch) thickness are very durable.

They are coated with white or silvery aluminium paint to reflect as much as possible the direct rays of the sun and the roof is covered with insulating materials. Each tank is isolated from the others by a circular earth embankment. In the event of fire, this prevents the flames from spreading. At every convenient point is found fire-fighting equipment such as chemical and foam extinguishers, water hoses, and sand pits. In fact, every possible measure is taken in an oil installation to meet the eventuality of fire.

Transport from point to point within the tank farm is entirely by pipeline, and has all the advantages of push-button operation, economy of labour, economy of fuel, ease, and speed of bulk conveyance. Pipeline transport of oil products also links the major refineries with large consuming centres, e.g. London is linked by pipeline to coastal refineries. But after that, delivery of the refined products to consumers such as motorists, workshops and houses is dependent on the usual modes of inland transport: oil trucks, rail tank waggons or oil barges. These forms of transport, too, have to be specially constructed to give maximum safety from fire. They are usually loaded and unloaded by means of hoses.

An oil truck can carry as much as 18,200 litres (4,000 gallons) of petrol or 12.75 tonnes, though half that amount is usual with the smaller trucks. Rail tank waggons may have a capacity of between 14 and 35 tonnes. The oil barges in Netherlands and Germany can carry 500 tonnes of oil in oil drums.

Essay # 7. Reserves of Petroleum :

No one really knows how much petroleum is stored in the earth’s crust. Many estimates have been made in the past which have proved too small. In fact, exploration in all parts of the world is continually extending the known resources of oil, despite the fact that production and consumption continue to increase every year.

The world production of oil was 4 million tonnes in 1880, 20 million tonnes in 1900, 281 million tonnes in 1938, 1,057 million tonnes in 1960 and nearly 3,000 million tonnes by 1977. Proved reserves of oil, i.e., reserves whose existence has been proved by drilling, amount to over 74,500 million tonnes and the amount of oil still to be discovered in hitherto unexploited regions is probably much larger.

Taking only the proved reserves, however, there is sufficient supply of oil to last for about twenty-five years at present rates of consumption. The amount of known world reserves may be greatly increased by continued exploration and, at the same time, several factors may lead to a decreased rate of consumption.

The factors affecting the long-term future of the oil industry are outlined below:

i. Continued Exploration:

Many parts of the earth remain unexplored for oil, especially in remote areas where transport costs have been a deterrent. Much oil may also lie beneath the sea, but this, if found, would pose no problems of transport as.it could be easily moved by tanker or pipeline.

ii. Reserves at Depth:

Oil reserves may lie very deep in the earth’s crust, beyond the range of present equipment. Similarly, sea-bed reserves under a great depth of water are at present difficult to exploit but will certainly become available in the future as oil technology advances.

iii. Improved Drilling Techniques:

Better understanding of oil occurrence and exploitation enables oil men to recover a larger percentage of available reserves.

iv. Improved Refining Techniques:

Refining techniques have been greatly improved in the past enabling refiners to extract more of the most valuable fractions, such as petrol, from a given quantity of crude oil. Current improvements concentrate on making the best use of all the crude oil fractions, including gases, which were previously wasted.

Even impurities such as sulphur are collected for use in the chemicals industry. The next development will be the use of heavy asphaltic and waxy crudes, at present unusable by reason of their impurities. This trend will allow greater use to be made of known reserves and will reduce wastage.

v. New Oil Sources:

Developments in oil technology will undoubtedly make economic exploitation of oil shales and tar sands a possibility in future. When this happens the world’s resources will be greatly increased for such sediments are widely distributed and contain large reserves of oil.

vi. Fuel-Saving Transport Systems:

The rate of consumption of oil may be reduced by the development of better forms of transport which use less oil. For instance, automobile manufacturers have greatly improved the fuel-consumption characteristics of cars so that they can travel further on a given amount of petrol. The use of diesel rather than petrol is also economical.

The use of pipelines for the transportation of oil, gas and refined products requires less fuel than conventional forms of transport such as tankers, trucks or locomotives. In future pipelines will probably become much more common and may be used to transport other commodities than oil.

vii. Alternative Fuels:

There will undoubtedly be a great expansion in the use of fuels other than oil in the future. Natural gas, which was previously wasted, has already experienced a great rise in demand. The use of hydro-electricity, which relies on a renewable resource rather than a diminishing one, and the use of electricity generated by nuclear reactors, will also reduce oil consumption in thermal electricity generators, though this can only take place when nuclear power can be generated more economically than at present.

Most important, many automobile manufacturers are already developing alternatives to the internal combustion engine. When such alternatives can be made fully efficient and can be produced economically, the demand for petrol, and thus for crude oil, may be greatly reduced.

viii. Pollution Dangers:

It is already realized that carbon monoxide and sulphur in the exhaust fumes of motor vehicles are probably the major and most dangerous air pollutants. In almost every country of the world legislation is being enacted to reduce air pollution. This will undoubtedly lead to a speeding up of the development of alternatives to the petrol engine and also in the change to electric or geothemal energy sources, with a consequent reduction in the use of oil.

Despite these factors which, in theory should stave off a crisis in fuel supplies at least long enough for scientists and technologists to develop alternative energy sources, there are a number of worldwide trends which suggest that not only will action not be taken in time but that time is running out faster than we think.

Briefly these are as follows:

i. Expanding Consumption:

Oil consumption is still expanding and even steep rises in the price of oil during the 1970s have not halted this trend.

ii. Insufficient Research:

Money will not be forthcoming in sufficient quantities to develop alternative energy sources until a disaster makes it essential. Few world governments can afford to set aside large sums of money without being able to show a definite return on their investment.

iii. Opposition to Alternatives:

The chief present-day alternatives to oil in electricity generation are coal and nuclear power. Development of coal resources by economical stripping methods (in the U.S.A) and even underground developments (in Britain) is being delayed or rendered uneconomic by public pressure from environmentalists.

Nuclear power is also opposed by the environmental lobby on the score of the dangers associated both with the power stations themselves and with the disposal of waste products.

iv. Time-Lag in Changing To New Fuels :

No changeover in fuel consumption can be immediately effected either in industrial or domestic power supplies. Existing plants cannot be immediately converted or rebuilt to use another fuel. Thus a time-lag occurs between the recognition of the need for a new policy and the implementation of that policy.

v. Political Considerations:

The length of time that world reserves of oil will last depends on whether the countries which own them make them available to the countries that need them. The politics of oil supply and demand, especially in the Middle East, have become increasingly bitter and will probably cause more and more friction in the future.

Essay # 8. Uses of Petroleum:

Oil has a wide range of uses in industry, commerce, agriculture and other fields and has contributed greatly to world industrial development, especially in the last hundred years. It serves as a fuel, a lubricant, an illuminant and a raw material for a wide range of products. Its by-products are used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, textile and many other industries.

The major uses of petroleum in its many different forms may be described as follows:

i. Transportation:

The major use of petroleum is in transportation; almost half is used for motor fuel alone. The development of the internal combustion engine and of the automobile in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries created an enormous demand for the lighter grades of oil, and newer developments such as the jet engine have increased this field.

Petrol (gasoline) and diesel oil are used to drive cars, buses, lorries, motor cycles, small boats and a number of specialized vehicles, such as tanks and other military equipment; agricultural machinery such as tractors and harvesters; constructional plant such as diggers and bulldozers; and domestic equipment such as lawn-mowers. A range of aviation fuels is used by aircraft and jets, using special jet fuels, can fly at speeds faster than sound (335 m/s or 1,100 ft per second). Diesel and heavy fuel oils are used to power railway locomotives and steamships.

On almost all the world’s major railway networks, diesel trains have replaced the less efficient coal-powered steam trains. The boilers of steamships are also now almost universally oil- powered. Oil has many advantages for shipping because it is easily loaded, takes less storage space than coal and gives better results. Propane and butane may in future be more widely used to power vehicles as they cause less pollution.

ii. Industrial Power:

Oil is a major source of industrial power. Fuel oils (and natural gas) have largely replaced coal in the boilers and furnaces of factories. It is also very important in the generation of thermal electricity and is also used in the production of ‘town’ gas for domestic and industrial use. Lighter oils are used to power smaller plants, pumps and so on for industrial, agricultural and domestic purposes.

iii. Heating and Lighting:

Oil has many domestic uses. Heavier oils are used in central heating plants for shops and offices as well as homes, and of course oil contributes to the production of electricity for industrial and domestic use. The lighter grades of oil are also very important. Paraffin (kerosene) was one of the earliest oil products to be used widely.

It was used for lighting, heating and cooking, and though its use has declined in many advanced countries, where electricity and other domestic fuels are readily available, many people in less developed parts of the world or in the remoter parts of most countries depend on kerosene for light and heat. It is also used for light-buoys and signal lights, e.g. lighthouses, in many parts of the world.

Some of the petroleum-derived gases, especially propane and butane are also important domestic fuels. Sometimes called ‘calor gas’, these fuels are distributed in metal cylinders and used for lighting, cooking and heating in many areas. They are often cheaper and cleaner to use than kerosene.

iv. Lubricants:

Only 1 or 2 per cent of the crude oil distilled is processed into lubricants and greases but these nevertheless play an important role in transport and industry. Vehicles of all kinds and the vast range of sophisticated machinery in use in factories and offices today rely on lubricants, and would grind to a standstill if they were not available.

The largest machines require heavy greases, whereas smaller equipment such as typewriters, clocks and many domestic appliances require lighter oils. Motor vehicles require thorough and regular lubrication to run efficiently.

v. Petrochemicals:

Petroleum has become the raw material of an enormous range of chemicals industries, and in fact dominates the chemicals industry. By using such petroleum fractions as naphtha, ethylene and benzene, and performing a wide range of chemical reactions, many varied products can be made.

Amongst these are synthetic textiles, which account for a large share of the textiles industry as well as dyestuffs and other chemicals for the textile trades; fertilizers, insecticides and other chemicals for agricultural use; resins and adhesives for use in many industries; solvents and detergents; plastics which have a wide range of industrial and domestic uses in the form of plastic sheets, plastic foam, household goods such as bowls and buckets, upholstery and packing materials and so on; synthetic rubber which is used in the vehicle manufacturing industries and for many other purposes; paints and vinyl floor and furniture coverings used in house-building and decoration.

Carbon black, removed from the oil in the cracking process also has many uses such as making printing inks, paints, carbon paper, gramophone records and tyres. Sulphur and other chemicals are also produced for other branches of the chemicals industry.

The petroleum industry is thus an expanding industry, and as a provider of power, light and heat, as well as numerous chemical products, penetrates deep into every sphere of life, from the household to the largest industrial undertaking. It merits the name of the ‘modern industrial giant’.

vi. Other Uses:

The heavier residual substances such as asphalt, bitumen, pitch or tar are used for road-surfacing, roofing and water-proofing purposes, and petroleum wax is used for making candles, seals, polishes and illuminants. Vaseline is obtained from lubricating oils and benzole, a substitute for motor fuel, is obtained from residues. Certain of the refined gases and oils form the basis of pharmaceutical drugs.

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save petroleum essay in english 700 words

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Essay on Save Earth: Samples in 100, 150 and 200 Words

Updated on
Nov 11, 2023

There is a popular saying that goes, ’You don’t bite the hand that feeds you. Well, then why harm the planet that is providing for you?’ We all should know that our planet Earth is the only planet where life can exist. Our planet provides us with basic necessities such as water, air, food to eat, and much more. So if you want to save our planet Earth for yourself and for the coming future generations then do give this blog a read. Today we will be talking about how you can save your planet Earth by taking all the required measures. We have also listed some sample essay on Save Earth which will help you to talk about the same in public.

Table of Contents

1 Why is Saving Earth so Important?
2 Essay on Save Earth in 100 Words
3 Essay on Save Earth in 150 Words
4 Essay on Save Earth in 200 Words

Why is Saving Earth so Important?

Our planet Earth is the only planet that provides us with raw materials, oxygen, food which we need for fuel, and other essential materials.

There are a number of reasons why saving the Earth is so important:

Our Earth is the only planet that supports life. Despite signs of organic molecules and water on other planets and moons, life is only known to exist on Earth. There would be nowhere else for us to go if not Earth.
Our Earth provides us with basic necessities such as medicine, food, clean water, and air to breathe.
The combustion of fossil fuels releases harmful greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which traps heat and warms the earth. Rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and more extreme weather events are just a few of the negative effects of climate change that are already being felt.

Essay on Save Earth in 100 Words

The only planet in the cosmos that is known to sustain life is Earth. Since it is our home, we must take care of it.

There are numerous reasons why protecting the planet is crucial. To begin with, it is our only place of residence. There won’t be somewhere else for us to go if we destroy Earth. Second, Earth gives us food, water, air, and shelter—everything we require to survive. Third, a wide variety of biodiversity exists on Earth, which is vital to human health.

Unfortunately, the health of Earth is being threatened by human activity. Among the difficulties we confront are deforestation, pollution, and climate change.

To save the Earth, we can all do our part. Here are some actions you may take:

Cut back on the use of fossil fuels. Make more of an effort to walk or bike, drive less, and take public transit wherever you can.
Make the switch to alternative energy sources like wind and solar energy.
At home, use less energy and water.
Reduce trash via composting and recycling.
Encourage companies and groups that are engaged in environmental protection.

Both our own life and the survival of future generations depend on saving the planet. We can contribute to ensuring that our planet is healthy and habitable for many years to come by acting now.

Also Read: Essay on Save Environment: Samples in 100, 200, 300 Words

Essay on Save Earth in 150 Words

Since the Earth is our home, it is up to us to preserve it. However, the health of the planet is in danger due to human activity. Among the difficulties we confront are deforestation, pollution, and climate change.

The most important environmental issue of our day is climate change. Greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere, which causes the earth to warm. Among the detrimental repercussions of climate change that are already being felt are rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and an increase in extreme weather occurrences.

Pollution poses a serious threat to Earth as well. Among the materials we use to damage the air, water, and land are chemicals, plastics, and trash. Not only can pollution harm humans and wildlife, but it can also ruin ecosystems.

Deforestation is another issue. In this, the trees are removed and instead, buildings are constructed. Forests filter water in addition to providing habitat for species and regulating the climate. Deforestation is one of the primary causes of both climate change and biodiversity loss.

We must take action to safeguard Earth from these threats. We can potentially reduce our carbon footprint by switching to renewable energy sources and consuming less energy. We can also reduce pollution by using less plastic, recycling, and composting. We can also safeguard forests by planting trees and promoting sustainable forestry practices.

Preserving the planet is essential for our own existence as well as that of future generations. To keep our world safe, each of us has a responsibility.

Also Read: Essay on Unity in Diversity in 100 to 200 Words

Also Read: How to Prepare for UPSC in 6 Months?

Essay on Save Earth in 200 Words

The only planet in the solar system where humanity can survive is Earth. Since our planet gives us access to fundamental essentials like clean water, fresh air, and food to eat, it is our duty as humans to make sure that it is habitable for future generations.

We can see that, among all the urgent problems, one of the most significant ones that affect humanity is climate change. Among the detrimental repercussions of climate change that are already being felt are rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and an increase in extreme weather occurrences.

Pollution is another major problem. The majority of the materials that are key to pollution of the air, water, and land are harmful chemicals, plastics that are carelessly thrown away, and other materials. This is not only harmful to humans and wildlife but also to the environment.

Deforestation is the third main issue; it is the removal of trees for construction or other purposes, like agriculture. One of the main contributors to both climate change and biodiversity loss is deforestation. Consequently, we need to act to defend Earth from these dangers.

We hope this essay on Save Earth helped you with some knowledge of some of the pressing issues we face on a daily basis and what we can do to save our planet.

We can conserve the globe by avoiding contamination of the Earth and its natural resources, including the air and water.

Reducing carbon emissions is the first step towards saving our planet. This can be done by using environmentally friendly resources, conserving water and following the Reduce, Reuse and Recycling practices.

Clearing forest areas for agricultural, human settlement or any other commercial activities is known as deforestation.

For more information on such interesting topics, visit our essay-writing page and follow Leverage Edu !

Malvika Chawla

Malvika is a content writer cum news freak who comes with a strong background in Journalism and has worked with renowned news websites such as News 9 and The Financial Express to name a few. When not writing, she can be found bringing life to the canvasses by painting on them.

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Class-10 » English

essay in about 700 words on the topic ''save fuel for better environment and health'' with proper use of idioms and phrases ..please experts answer fast i need to submit it on 29-9-2016 positively ..please !!

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700 Word Essay — Examples & Topics

After the oil crisis, a food crisis global rising food prices and their effects.

Subjects: Economics Finance

The World Heath Organization

Subjects: Administration and Regulation Health & Medicine

The Benefits of a Routine Physical Exercise Program

Subjects: Fitness Sports

Should Psychologists Abstain From Involvement in Coercive Interrogations?

Subjects: Psychological Principles Psychology

Political Reformation in the Arab World

Subjects: Political Culture Politics & Government

Effective Teaching of Reading in Education

Subjects: Education Educational Resources

Literature and the Community

Subjects: Literature World Literature

Martha Helen Stewart

Subjects: Business Management

Destruction of the Brazilian Tropical Rain Forest

Subjects: Environment Environmental Processes

Museum Writing Assignment: Formal Analysis Paper

Subjects: Art Art Movement

Speak Softly, You May Be Heard: The Art of Leadership

Subjects: Psychological Issues Psychology

Chicago: the Jazz Era of the Blazing Gun

Subjects: History United States

Ralph Ellison’s “Battle Royal”

Subjects: American Literature Literature

Technology: Being Digital

Subjects: Tech & Engineering Technology Effect

Trends in “Love is a Fallacy”

Top ten mistakes in web design.

Subjects: Design Web Design

The Power of Introductory Word to the World of Faerie Knights

Subjects: Literature Poems

French and Indian War, the American Revolution, and the War of 1812

Pre-colombia era of drug trafficking in the americas: andean cocaine, 1947-1973.

Subjects: Criminology Law

Verbal learning

Subjects: Approach to Learning Education

Discovering the Humanities

Subjects: Culture Study of Cultural Differences

Dr. Tram and the Vietnam Conflict

What is theology – faith and reason in theology.

Subjects: Religion Theology

Cypress Gardens Checkpoint

The baroque period of art.

Subjects: Art History of Art

Paulson & Company Value-based Leadership and Strategic Focus

Subjects: Business Case Study

Research Methods in Narcotics

Subjects: Drug and Alcohol Addiction Sociology

Air Pollution and Its Consequences

Subjects: Air Pollution Environment

What is a Language

Subjects: Languages Linguistics

«Twelve Angry Men» Synopsis

Subjects: Art Film Studies

Divine Command Theory

Subjects: Ethical Philosophy Philosophy

The History of Judaism and Hinduism

Subjects: Religion World Religions

A Review of Bringing Up Baby 1938 (K. Hepburn)

Subjects: Art Comedy

Management is a Difficult Term

Human development and learning: analysis of the lesson.

Subjects: Education Pedagogy

The Implication of Chaffee and Metzger’s Article “The End of Mass Communication”

Subjects: Entertainment & Media Mass Media Advertising

Beneficiaries of U.S. welfare programs

Subjects: Overcoming Difficulties Sociology

Adapting the Dominican Culture in the Radiology Department

Subjects: Cultural Studies Culture

At which Stage Can Centralized and Decentralized Cities Meet to Create a Design that is Essential in Maintaining a Healthy Mind and Body?

Subjects: Ecology Environment

Concepts of Supply Chain

Subjects: Business Professions

Melbourne: Army Recruitment

Subjects: Education Education System

Fraudulent Accounting and Tax Evasion

Subjects: Law Taxation Law

How People Make Economic Decisions

Subjects: Economics Microeconomics

“The Red Convertible”: Strong Bond of Brotherhood

The implications of technology on human behavior.

Subjects: Behavior Psychology

Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory

“diet for a warmer planet” julia whitty, hacking: social engineering online.

Subjects: Computer Science Tech & Engineering

Government Regulation of the Food Business

Subjects: Government Politics & Government

Deal to Combat Piracy Nears for Australia

Subjects: Intellectual Property Law

Geographical outlook of the Northern Africa

Subjects: Geography Sciences

Journal for Chronic City by Jonathan Lethem

Geography of east asia, impact of resolution act of 1998 on women-workers, influence of management style on employee behavior, cooperative learning models.

Subjects: Education Learning Principles

The War of 1812

Subjects: Canada History

The Darwinism theory in the text The Island of Dr Moreau

Subjects: British Literature Literature

Quantitative Data for Research

Subjects: Education Writing & Assignments

The Journey of One Buddhist Nun: Even Against the Wind

Internal analysis of mcdonald’s.

Subjects: Business Company Analysis

Safety of Silver’s Gym

Soil’s effective microorganisms.

Subjects: Geology Sciences

Kinship of Family

Subjects: Anthropology Sciences

Use of Marijuana and Its Consequences

The shift work benefit and problems, visual art: ownership and copyright, changes in family structures.

Subjects: Family Formation Family, Life & Experiences

World Regional Geography: North America

East asia economic development.

Subjects: Asia History

Role of Public Health Nurse

Subjects: Health & Medicine Nursing

Workplace Diversity: Transparency’ and Team Spirit’ Principles

Subjects: Business Corporate Culture

Weapon Effect: Gun Carrying and Aggression

Subjects: Sociology Violence

Story of Jacob and Esau

Nuclear energy effectiveness, marking territory by lynda walsh and politeness, power, and activity systems by stephen bremner, education testing methods.

Subjects: Education Education Theories

The Usefulness of Computer Networks for Students

Subjects: Tech & Engineering Technology in Education

Ethical Standards and Codes Paper

Types of tests identifying down syndrome.

Subjects: Diagnostics Health & Medicine

The Doctrine of the Christian Life

Subjects: Religion Religious Education

Elections of 1912

Mathematics teachnig strategies, motivational theories in organization.

Subjects: Business Global Scale Management

Corn is Our Every Day Food

Subjects: Agriculture Sciences

Informal Logic-Fallacies Definition

Subjects: Cognition and Perception Psychology

Efficiency of Communications Research

Television criticism in advert.

Subjects: Entertainment & Media TV

Letsgofordinner Company Marketing Goals

Subjects: Business Company Structure

History of Multiculturalism in Business

Subjects: Business Entrepreneurship

Need for Reality TV on Television Programming

Concept of the term “feasibility” in organizations system, afghanistan economics in the modern days.

Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles Economics

Comparison between MLA and APA Formatting

The problems of abortion in modern society.

Subjects: Ethics Sociology

Annual Educational Goal for Students with Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Subjects: Education Special Education

Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Characteristics and Comparison

Subjects: Sociological Issues Sociology

Economic Issues: Real and Nominal Variables

Subjects: Economics Macroeconomics

Nuclear Weapons Non Use

Subjects: International Relations Politics & Government

Desegregation: Civil Rights or State Rights

Crede standards in us.

Subjects: Education Teacher Career

The 5-Stages of Event Planning

Isporty lr decision analysis.

Subjects: Business Marketing

Financial Ratio Analysis

Subjects: Economics Regulation of Finance

Poverty and the Environment

Subjects: Economics Globalization

“China Inc.” by Ted C. Fishman

The naeyc code of ethical conduct, the consolation of philosophy.

Subjects: Philosophical Concept Philosophy

Importance of Involving Employees in the Decision Making Process

Organizational and household decision making.

Subjects: Family, Life & Experiences Lifestyle

Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, (MSO)

Subjects: Business Product Marketing

Forms of Presidential Primaries and the Effects of Front-Loading

Subjects: Elections Politics & Government

Character Analysis of Jamie and Reason why She is Likeable

Subjects: Aspects of American Novels Literature

Through the Crystal Ball and What You See There: Esmeralda Santiago

Subjects: Dramatic Literature Literature

The Natural Resources of the African Community

Aura by annecy baez, why was andrew jackson one of the best presidents, horizon foods company analysis, bullying in school.

Subjects: Education Education Issues

Sculpting Earth’s Surface Presentation

As a high school or college student, you probably have already encountered a 700-word essay at some point in your academic journey. This common written assignment is an excellent opportunity to showcase your writing skills on various topics, such as globalization, business, environment, or personal experiences. Typically, this type of essay is narrative, argumentative, or cause-effect, allowing you to explore different writing styles.

This article presents tips on how to craft a compelling 700-words essay that will captivate your readers and earn you top marks. Plus, you’ll find the most thought-provoking and trendy essay topics and examples!

And if you need more information or inspiration, you can always check out IvyPanda free essays !

⭐ Best Essay Examples

📝 700 Words About Myself

📃 Essay Examples About Myself

📚 600-700 Word Essay Ideas

💻 Emerging Industries Samples
💡 700 Words Topics
✍️ How to Write a 700-word Essay
🎓 Essay Examples About Education

💼 700 Words Article on Business

🌱 Environment Essay Examples

⭐ 700 Word Essay — Best Examples

UAE Stock Markets: ADX and DFM Performance Comparison ADX was established on November 15, 2000, with the goal of trading the shares of local UAE companies. Dividend Yield was used to assess the performance of all the companies over a 5-year period from […]
Teeth’s Types and Functions: Science Lesson Plan The key vocabulary for this lesson includes: At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to: Name all the teeth found in the mouth.
Mental Health Practice Placement However, many people believe that the theory does not offer or is not a reflection of the prevalent actions and complexity of the mental health problems in a population.
Technology for Crime Prevention With the modern computer technology and advanced software, criminal justice system has been in a capacity to compile data and store it as well as share its analysis with other agencies both in and out […]
H&M Company Merchandise and Product Mix Analysis Organization and presentation of the merchandize classification in H&M retail channel The main merchandise classification that H&M supplies in the market includes clothing, accessories, and shoes for men, women, teenagers, and children.
Definition of Religion as a Form of Diversity The major religion beliefs in the world are the Judaism, Christianity and Islamic. The role of religion is commonality to citizens and uniformity in cultures.
Adidas and Marketing Communication It reflects the quality of the product, acts as a sales agent and advertising In conclusion, consumers are important to an organization and Adidas Corporation has ensured that it achieves consumer satisfaction and loyalty. To […]
History: Plutarch’s Vision of Alexander the Great One of the greatest strengths of Alexander’s character is his vision, ambition, and thirst to succeed. The same corruption leads to Philotus disrespecting the king by claiming that he is enjoying the fruits of his […]
Supply Chain Management: An Analysis of Dell’s Value Chain Dell has successfully used its direct sales and build-to-order systems to develop an exceptional supply chain by incorporating everything from the start to the end of the process.
The Five Forces Analysis of the Low-Cost Airline Industry in Europe The Five Forces Analysis of the low cost airline industry in Europe takes the following form: Factors influencing the ease of new entrants capital cost of entry, the scale economies, product and price differentiation, switching […]
Chemistry: Expansion Processes of a Perfect Gas The purpose of the experiment was to examine the expansion of a perfect gas by determining the specific heat ratio through an adiabatic process and the ratio of volume using an isothermal process.
Aging as a Social Problem The social challenges of the old people are further worsened by the economic constrains, and labeling. Ageism is another social challenge and it refers to a situation where people look down upon the elderly people […]
Citibank Performance Evaluation In this regard, I choose to look into the effect of performance evaluation on employees. This is because there is the downside of performance evaluation.
The Invention of Development On being sworn in as the president of the United States, Rist notes, Truman introduced the term, underdevelopment, as a new concept of regarding the impoverished regions of the world.
Product Lifecycle Phases and Their Importance In this phase, the focus of the business is to retain the market share captured. In conclusion, it can be indicated that the product lifecycle is important to understand the growth of a firm.

Need some inspiration for your personal essay? Check out these prompts:

Who am I essay 700 words. In this essay, you should reflect on your identity, values, beliefs, experiences, and aspirations. Share a personal anecdote, discuss your cultural background, describe your personality traits, or reflect on your academic and professional goals. Most importantly, you need to be honest and authentic in your writing to showcase your unique voice and perspective.
Life-changing experience essay 700 words. You can describe the experience that has dramatically influenced your perspective and outlook on life. Share the details of this event, how it affected you emotionally and spiritually, and explain how you have grown and changed as a result. Reflect on the lessons you learned and discuss how this experience has shaped your personality.
My values essay 700 words. This topic allows you to explore and reflect upon the values most important to you. Discuss the origins of these values, whether they were instilled in you by family, shaped by personal experiences, or influenced by external factors. Explain how these values guide your decision-making, shape your relationships, and define your sense of self.
Impact of digital economy on my life essay 700 words. You can analyze the positive and negative effects of the digital economy on your life. For example, consider what benefits you’ve gained from using online marketplaces, mobile wallets, virtual education, and digital workplace communication. You can also outline any challenges you’ve faced, like the need to protect your data online.

📃 More 700 Word Essay Examples About Myself

Travel: Personal Experience I have had the luck of visiting better countries and I believe my travel experiences have taught me a lot about human life and helped me expand the way I see things.
Personal Experience With the COVID-19 Pandemic With the pandemic requiring stern measures and precautions due to its transmission mode, the federal government has done well in handling the matter.
This I Believe: Happiness Is a Choice I know that I can choose to be happy. I was ashamed and worried that he would know I took it.
Perseverance Is the Mother of Success in Learning The purpose of this essay is to describe the challenges I encountered in my life in the learning process of the English language and how I overcame the challenges with my persistence and the results […]
Personal Experience of Substance Abuse and Healing Nonetheless, I am proud that this episode of Xanax abuse stays in the past and willing to share my knowledge with the suffering people who are now in the same pernicious situation as I was […]
Community Service Experience: Homeless Shelter The shelter also organizes outreach and humanitarian work during the day to ensure that homeless people in the community know about the shelter and the services it provides.
Decision-Making and Problem-Solving in the Police My grade is the captain and I have to take the responsibility to coordinate the work, which requires problem-solving skills. I believe that in order to make the right decision, you should be confident in […]
A Best Practice Strategy for Professional Development Reflecting on this case, I may say that my anger and irritation on the basis of my individual attitudes to the task have led to this conflict.
Social Norm Violation Experience The idea of my norm violation experience lies in the intention to eat with my hands at a local restaurant and observe the reactions, addressing the concepts of the relativity of deviance and social control.
Personal Statement on My Most Effective Learning Style Thus I believe my mode of learning is the best to use when studying. Through the use of this method, I have found learning to be more exciting and captivating.
The Myers-Briggs Test: Personal Leadership The purpose of this paper is to relate my personality assessment with an interview of a leader who appears to possess similar personal qualities in an attempt of defining my specific characteristics that can help […]
Personal Cultural Awareness in Management: Self-Evaluation As for a plan of specific actions to improve my cultural awareness, it will be developed in reference to my strengths and weaknesses.
Electrical Engineering Career Development However, this will be a possibility due to the size of equipment and machines that reduce with the increase in technology.
Life Experiences and Changes in Thinking of One Student Considering the importance of good food to children, my group decided, after brainstorming, that the school menu had to be assessed to identify whether the children were having the appropriate diet to assist them in […]
The Long Road of My Life And I do my best to improve my skills. Now I feel proud of being able to ASU, as this would promote my further improvement as a specialist and as a human.

Struggling with choosing a topic for your 700-word essay? Don’t worry; here are 20 great title ideas.

The rise and impact of influencer culture on society.
The influence of globalization on small businesses.
The effects of cancel culture on celebrities.
Ways to adopt sustainable practices to combat climate change.
The impact of social media activism on real-world change.
The ethical issues of artificial intelligence and automation.
The effects of deforestation on biodiversity and ecosystem stability.
The role of corporate social responsibility in business sustainability.
The consequences of online misinformation and fake news.
The challenges and benefits of remote work and virtual collaboration.
Virtual reality and augmented reality in education.
The effects of streaming platforms on the film and television industry.
The rise of sustainable fashion and its impact on the environment.
The relationship between social media use and mental health issues.
The role of plant-based diets in promoting environmental sustainability.
The impact of climate change on global health.
Online gaming addiction and its effect on mental health.
The effects of automation and robotics on the job market.
The popularity of food delivery services and its effect on the restaurant industry.
The influence of streaming platforms on the music industry.

💻 Emerging Industries and Required Skills Essay 700 Words: Samples

Developing Leadership Skills Bearing in mind the fact that the leader is tasked with marshaling the organization’s resources to accomplish some organizational goal, it can be rightfully stated that part of the role of the leader is to […]
Graduate Employability Prospects and Skills The knowledge of technology and such 21st-century skills as problem-solving and IT application skills are vital to prepare students for life-long learning. The first useful behavior is cooperation, and ability, and a desire to work […]
Technology Skills in Professional Writing Ultimately, it is up to each writer to decide whether or not they feel that age is a factor in their ability to pursue a successful career in writing.
Developing Strategic Plan for TLC Commission Future Self-Driving Cars A SWOT analysis of the issue would reveal that not many would trust the safety of self-driving cars. The research would be of much help as it would reveal that self-driving cars are not that […]
Artificial Intelligence: The Ethical Theory The ethical theory for individuals uses the ethical theory for purposes of decision making and emphasizes the aspects of an ethical dilemma.
How Virtual Reality Is Changing the World of Interior Design In order to become competitive in the sphere of luxury interior design, “More” must make its projects look modern and trendy.
Being a Successful Engineer: Discussion of Critical Skills To do an effective walk, you need to know well your destination and find the optimal way to reach it; using the notions of management, means to set a goal and find the optimal strategy […]
Important Marketable Skills for Aspiring Managers The report highlights the important areas the students need to pay attention to as they study hard in pursuit of future careers in management.
The Importance of Different Skills for Business Success I make them look at it in a way that is beneficial for all and we do not lose out on too much work time because of the bickering.
Leadership Skills Training Theories in Education The key reason is that in many assessments the stakes are so high that teaching attentions move to passing the assessment instead of transferring useful skills to the students.
Active Listening Skills in the Healthcare Environment The listener shares the information with the speaker and should not make a prejudgment In the therapeutic setting, the therapist is required to listen to the victim as the victim narrates or expresses his feelings […]
How Students Develop Creative Peanut Butter and Jelly Construction Skills: Thinking Outside the Breadbox In the article, “How Students Develop Creative Peanut Butter and Jelly Construction Skills: Thinking Outside the Breadbox”, by Jellerman, the author uses a language that is clear and simple for the easy comprehension of the […]

💡 700 Words Paragraph — Topics

Have a look at these burning topics to help you craft an outstanding essay:

The ethics of artificial intelligence implementation into society.
The psychology of procrastination and how to overcome it.
How can we protect privacy rights in the digital age?
The effects of technology addiction on personal relationships.
The consequences of income inequality and its impact on social mobility .
The role of media in shaping public opinion on politics.
How will automation and robotics reshape the job market?
How does climate change affect global security?
Alternative medicine and its integration into mainstream healthcare.
The impact of globalization on cultural diversity and traditional practices.
The challenges and opportunities of sustainable development in a rapidly changing world.
The role of education in promoting social equality and upward mobility.
The effects of food insecurity and global hunger.
The impact of social media on political activism.
The benefits and drawbacks of a cashless society.
The influence of sleep deprivation on students’ mental and physical health.
How do social media influencers shape consumer behavior?
The effects of urbanization on the environment and public health.
The pros and cons of genetically modified organisms in agriculture.
The ethics of animal testing and its role in scientific research.

✍️ How to Write a 700 Word Essay

Typically, a 700 words essay contains three parts: an introduction, a main body, and a conclusion.

The introduction is approximately 100 words and provides an overview of the topic and a thesis statement, which presents the paper’s main idea.
The essay’s body is about 500 words, divided into several paragraphs, each addressing a specific aspect of the topic. Begin each paragraph with a topic sentence and ensure your text has a logical structure.
The conclusion should be the same length as the introduction (around 100 words). It should summarize the essay’s main points and paraphrase the thesis statement in a new way.

This image shows the 700-word essay structure.

What Does 700 Words Look Like

To effectively organize your 700-word essay, it’s crucial to have a clear picture of what it looks like. We’ve already discussed that a 700-words article should be divided into three parts: an introduction, a main body, and a conclusion. The introduction and conclusion comprise around 40% of the text, while the main body should be 60%.

A 700-word essay typically takes around 1.5 pages single-spaced and 3 pages double-spaced with standard formatting (12-point font and 1-inch margins). However, the exact page count may vary depending on the formatting and style requirements of the assignment.

If you need help structuring your essay of 700 words, check out our free outline generator .

700-Word Essay Introduction

When writing a 700-word essay, it is essential to be concise and focused. The introduction should be around 65-100 words and capture the reader’s attention.

Begin your opening paragraph with an attention-grabbing statement that will intrigue the audience. It could be a quote, a statistic, or an anecdote related to the topic. If you need help creating an intriguing first sentence, try our hook generator .

After the hook, provide background information on the topic and its significance. It will help the reader understand why they should care about your chosen issue. We recommend you use our study background generator to complete this part of the introduction.

End your introduction with a clear and specific thesis statement reflecting the paper’s central argument. Check out our thesis generator to get help with this crucial essay element.

700-Words Essay Body Paragraphs

The body paragraphs should comprise most of a 600-700-word essay. Typically, you should aim for around 2-3 paragraphs or 400-500 words for the whole body.

Focus each body paragraph on a single argument that supports your thesis statement. Start each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that introduces the main idea. Provide evidence, examples, or data to support your argument, and analyze or interpret the evidence to demonstrate its relevance to your thesis.

Remember to use transitional words and phrases to ensure cohesion between paragraphs and ideas. Add proper citations if you include any external sources.

700-Word Essay Conclusion

When writing a conclusion for a 700-word essay, try to make it the same size as your introduction (around 65-100 words). This section should concisely summarize your main arguments and paraphrase your thesis statement. Avoid introducing new information in this section.

Here’s how you write this part:

Start by restating your thesis in different words.
Briefly recap the main points discussed in the body paragraphs and show how they contribute to your argument.
At the end, provide a closing thought or offer a call to action, encouraging further research or reflection on the topic.

Our concluding sentence generator can help you end your essay strong.

How Many References Should I Use in an Essay of 700 Words?

The general recommendation for a 700 words paragraph is to use around 3-4 references, though this number can vary depending on the topic and requirements. For example, personal statements or autobiographical essays typically do not require references, as they rely on your experiences and reflections.

However, you should always follow the guidelines from your instructor or institution to ensure you meet the specific referencing requirements.

If you need help formatting your references, check out our AI citation generator .

🎓 700 Words Examples about Education

The Philippines and United States Education Systems The education system in the Philippines is similar to that of the United States. She describes the education system in the Philippines as being similar to that in the United States.
Gender Issues: Education and Feminism These experiences in many times strongly affects the individual’s understanding, reasoning, action about the particular issue in contention In this work two issues of great influence and relevance to our societies are discussed.
Code of Ethics in Education As the students spend much of their time in school teachers have the right to play a major role in the better development of students, and for that, the teachers need to understand every student.
The Concept of a Bachelor’s Degree in Education Therefore, successful completion of a bachelor’s degree in college enables an individual to greatly expand his knowledge and skills not only in the line of his or her career but also in social life.
Audio-Visual Media and World Wide Web in Education Due to manifold effects of technological innovations, education has undergone positive changes connected with the simplification and automation of sophisticated processes, the introduction of audio-visual media, and the advent of the World Wide Web, one […]
Education for Minorities: Right or Privilege? When the principle of diversity in education is widely supported, it is possible to protect the rights of minority students and increase their chances to successfully enter white-dominated workplaces.
“Goals 2000” on Education: Summary of the Systemic Education Reform The goals were established in the 1990s and were part of a national effort to foster standards based reform in the schools throughout the United States.
Curriculum for Career Education Outlining Scope and Sequence of the studies on the basis of the career clusters makes it possible to assess the needs of the students and further use the assessment procedures to revise and improve the […]
Educational Systems from a Sociological Perspective One of the first and most influential sociologists, Emile Durkheim, observed that education played the role of cultural determination in socialization and was responsible for nurturing the society’s collective values and beliefs in the growing […]
Computer and Information Tech Program in Education ICT is a subject in education countries like the Philippines has also ICT as an educational subject in the United States, the ICT program is linked and sponsored by Becta, and a recent scheme of […]
Character Education Curriculum in Elementary Schools These values are used on the basis of human relations in the school, celebrate their manifestations in the school and neighborhood, and hold all school members accountable to standards of conduct consistent with the core […]
Sex Education as a Part of the Elementary School Their natural curiosity about their body parts, the changes that can be expected in them, the onset of puberty and their physical and emotional changes should be answered as true as possible.
Navigating Leadership Challenges: Insights from Erica Suzman’s Journey The particular case that Erica has to deal with is the case of Royal Collins, a fourth-grader who has problems in his family and often demonstrates misbehavior at school.
Technology Trends in Education Even the best and the latest innovations are only machines they are not able to define and meet all the specific needs of students.
Using Statistics in Education Research The following paper provides the results of the analysis of the scores and outlines the methods of ascertaining validity and reliability.
Software Distribution and Usage in Education Also, one should not forget that the use of the software does not meet demands of fair use; nevertheless, a purchased license may give your some rights.
Federal Policy Influences: School Education Since the focus on early education and care was removed, formal education in the public schools became the priority of the federal government regarding the promotion of poor children’s welfare.

If you’re writing a 700-word essay on business, don’t miss out on our top business topic ideas.

The impact of COVID-19 on global businesses.
The role of entrepreneurship in economic growth and job creation.
The ethical considerations in business decision-making.
The effects of globalization on international trade.
Effective leadership in driving organizational success.
Digital transformation in modern business.
Corporate social responsibility and sustainable business practices.
The effects of e-commerce on traditional retail businesses.
Data analytics and its influence on business decision-making.
The role of cultural diversity in team dynamics and business performance.
Innovation and creativity in driving business competitiveness.
The impact of social media marketing in building brand reputation.
How to implement green business practices and sustainability initiatives.
The influence of artificial intelligence on business processes and workforce.
The connection between organizational culture and employee productivity.
The impact of consumer behavior trends on business strategies.
The rise of the gig economy and its implications for labor rights and job security.
The role of risk management in mitigating financial and operational risks.
How is artificial intelligence changing customer personalized experiences?
The consequences of economic inequality on business opportunities.

🌱 Environment 700-Words Essay Examples

The Concept of Environmental Ethics Environmental ethics is concerned with the ethical relationship of human beings with the environment. Human beings must relate ethically with all other living organisms.
The Go-Green Programs: Saving the Environment Thus, the spirit of going green entails getting different people in the world to become aware of their decisions and activities that hurt the environment and the world at large.
Filipino Problem: Friendly to Hygiene and Unfriendly to Environment Perhaps, this is one aspect that contributed to the title of the Philippines as the “Manning capital of the World”. Perhaps this is one weakness of the Filipinos against Americans since in America; people practice […]
Beat Plastic Pollution Essay These tips will help people to reduce the circulation of plastic in their lives. In conclusion, the best method to protect the environment is to minimize the accumulation of plastic waste by recycling, composting, and […]
Understanding Environmental Problems through Poetry One of the remarkable pieces of poetry dedicated to the impact of man on nature is Sonnet; the poet voices his regrets about the Industrial Revolution and its effect on the connection between people and […]
Environmental Ethics of Pesticide Usage in Agriculture For example, pesticides are responsible for the destruction of the soil and harm to the overall ecosystem. The soil, water, and air resources are at a high risk of contamination from the toxins that are […]
The Effects of Gold Mining in the Amazons on the Environment and the Population Excessive gold mining in the Amazon has led to the depletion of essential soil nutrients, especially nitrogen. As a result, ASGM in the Amazon has led to the destruction of the Amazon forest.
Architectural Development Design: Environmental Psychological Implications Poor incorporation and utilization of natural resources in urban designs lead to irresponsible use of resources to support buildings and occupants.
Bipartisan Strategies for Overcoming Environmental Disaster Speaking about a pandemic, we must be aware that this is a global and collective problem that requires a consolidation of minds that are not clouded by differences in the views of political parties.
Green Management and Environmental Auditing The main goals and relevant criteria for achieving them in environmental management are related to the processes of continuous improvement. The following aims are expected to be achieved: Define the essence of environmental management; Identify […]
Outsourced Logistics for Environmental Credentials of a Business On the other hand, when a manufacturing company outsources some of its activities in the production line, the burden of managing the by-products is transferred to the 3PLs partner.
PepsiCo: Corporate Environmental Management vs. Sustainable Development The concept of ‘cradle to cradle’, helps the company to save on capital and cut the financial expenditure required in future production. Cradle to cradle concept entails the human resource generating new technologies and methods […]
Saving Our Environment Among policy-makers, the level of attention given to the concept of the saving national environment by the major powers has fluctuated with the degree of concern over their clarity of thinking in foreign policy.
Capitalism and Its Influence on the Environment The characteristic will be determined by both benefits to the environment and the overall result for the company, as companies should implement the changes willingly. The results are expected to be a set of suggestions […]
Global Commons and International Environmental Policies These issues include an increased consumption and utilization of natural and environmental resources, lack of property, poor defined property rights governing the use of the commons, lack of well-structured international enforcement mechanisms competent enough to […]
America’s Major Environmental Challenges The government has to acknowledge that the US and the international community still require fossil fuels and therefore regulation procedures as well as policies governing new technologies like coal-to-liquids conversion plants have to be reviewed […]
Environmental Studies: The Florida Everglades The functional dynamics of the Everglades wetland change all the time, and people have a considerable impact on the cycling processes including the effects to nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. Restoration and management of the Everglades […]
The Role of Political Environmentalism in the Modern World Returning to the term eco-fascisms, I think that this one of the most grounded explanations of the deplorable situation in the world. In this respect, the ideas of free-market environmentalism seem to be increasingly attractive […]

📌 700 Word Essay: Answers to the Most Pressing Questions

📌 700 word essay is how many pages.

How long is a 700-word essay? It will typically be 3 pages double-spaced or one and a half pages single-spaced. The exact number of pages a 700 words essay takes will depend on the citation style you use, the number of your footnotes (if you have any), and the length of your bibliography section.

📌 How Many Paragraphs Are in a 700 Word Essay?

How much is 700 words in paragraphs? A typical academic paragraph contains 100 to 150 words. So, a 700-word essay will consist of 5-8 paragraphs.

📌 How Many Sentences Is 700 Words?

How many sentences is a 700-word essay? A typical sentence in academic writing consists of 15-20 words. So, 700 words are not less than 35-38 sentences.

📌 How to Outline a 700-Word Essay?

A 700-word essay outline usually follows a standard five-paragraph structure. Start your paper with a short introduction that includes an attention-grabber, some background information, and a thesis. Then add three body paragraphs that focus on your arguments. Finish your 700-word paper with a conclusion that contains a restated thesis and a summary of your ideas.

📌 How Long Does It Take to Write 700 Words?

How long does it take to write a 700-word essay? It will take you 14-28 minutes to type 700 words on your keyboard (the total time will depend on your typing speed). Writing an academic paper will take more time because you’ll have to research, make an outline, write, format, and edit your text. It would be best if you planned to spend around 2 and a half hours for a 700-word paper.

📌 How to Reduce Word Count in a 700-Word Essay?

The easiest way to do that is to get rid of the less important arguments you consider in your 700-word essay. Rank your arguments and eliminate those weaker. Another idea is to edit your paper in order to make sentences shorter. For instance, you can remove some of the adverbs.

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COMMENTS

Save fuel for better environment and health essay in 700 words
Save fuel for better environment and health essay in 700 words ← Prev Question Next Question → +4 votes 214k views asked Sep 17, 2018 in English by Annu Priya (20.4k points) closed Oct 30, 2020 by Vikash Kumar
Save Fuel Essay
Learn about Save Fuel Essay topic of english in details explained by subject experts on vedantu.com. Register free for online tutoring session to clear your doubts.
Save Fuel for Better Environment Essay for Students in English
Essay on Save Fuel for Better Environment Saving fuels for a better environment is a very common topic for essay writing and a sample essay on this topic is given below for the perusal of kids and students. This essay emphasizes the need for cutting down fuel combustion and using fuel in a sustainable way.
Essay On Save Fuel For Better Environment for Students and Children
500+ Words Essay on Save Fuel for Better Environment Essay On Save Fuel For Better Environment - In this modern-day lifestyle the fuel has become a necessity for all human beings. We use fuel to fulfill our various needs like cooking, manufacturing, to produce building material and many more.
Essay 700 Words: Save Fuel For Better Environment.docx
Delhi Public School Vijayawada NH-5, Nidamanuru, Vijayawada, AP, India Niharika Krishna Gottipati Chandra Sekhar Gottipati [email protected] +91 70132 71906 Save Fuel for Better Environment August 1 2018, This is the date of Global Overshoot Day (2018), an annual event, when humans use more resources than the Earth can produce in one year. According to Global Footprint Network "We are using ...
Save fuel for better environment and health essay in 700 words
Fuel is very important for everyday activities. Day-by-day our fuel deposits are depreciating. We need to save fuel to have a better environment around us. The real danger in consuming fuel thoughtlessly is that it is drying up the earth's resources. Fossil fuels like coal and oil and gas are non-renewable resources. Increasing usage is depleting their presence within the earth. To save our ...
700 words essay in english for petroleum conservation
Answer: Petroleum Conservation (700 words essay in English) Explanation: One of the most widely used fossil fuels in the world is petroleum that people use to start their cars and drive around the world.Even though the amount of petroleum in the world is decreasing daily, humans are still unaware that our future generations would suffer greatly if one of the best fossil fuels was unavailable.
Essay 700 Words: Save Fuel For Better Environment
Essay 700 Words: Save Fuel For Better Environment.docx - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The document discusses strategies to reduce usage of non-renewable energy and increase renewable energy usage. It notes that as of 2018, humans use 1.7 Earths' worth of resources annually. Non-renewables pose risks like pollution, acid ...
Essay on Petroleum: Top 8 Essays
Here is a compilation of essays on 'Petroleum' for class 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on 'Petroleum' especially written for ...
Essay on Save Environment: Samples in 100, 200, 300 Words
Read this essay on save environment to understand the need to bring changes in human activities to save our planet.
Essay on Save Environment for Students and Children
Environment refers to the natural surroundings and conditions in which we live. Unfortunately, this Environment has come under serious threat. This threat is almost entirely due to human activities. In this Essay of Save Environment will discuss ways and benefits of saving the environment.
Essay on Save Earth: Samples in 100, 150 and 200 Words
Our Earth is the oly planet in the cosmos where life exists. Read this essay on Save Earth to understand how human activities are harming it.
essay in about 700 words on the topic ''save fuel for better
Class-10 » English. Article. essay in about 700 words on the topic ''save fuel for better environment and health'' with proper use of idioms and phrases ..please experts answer fast i need to submit it on 29-9-2016 positively ..please !! ... petroleum are non-renewable and their reserves are fast depleting.
SOLVED: 700-word essay on petroleum conservation can make a ...
VIDEO ANSWER: In this question we need to explain that a small step of fuel conversion can make a big change. Fuel is a material that is used to make energy. Almost everything we use to dependence on fuel from cooking to automobile to automobile
700 Word Essay
Wondering how to write a 700 word essay and what does it look like? In this quick guide, you can find essential tips and the best 700 word essay examples!
Essay on save fuel for better environment and health 700 words in english
VIDEO ANSWER: We are asked to describe the food chains, the food webs and the energy flow in these food webs. An open system consists of an open system as well as an open system as well as an open system as well as an open system as well as an open
Essay on Save Water in 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 Words for All Classes
Essay on How to Save Water (300 Words) How to Save Water Essay in 300 Words Introduction: Water is a really important element that we get from Mother Nature. We can say, that's a blessing for us. 71% of the entire earth is full of water. But can you imagine, after this amount of water there is still lacking safe water? Lots of regions in the world are facing a brutal water crisis. And ...
Petroleum conservation essay in english 700 words
Click here 👆 to get an answer to your question ️ Petroleum conservation essay in english 700 words. bhagyapatelsha6618 bhagyapatelsha6618 24.08.2019 English Secondary School answered Petroleum conservation essay in english 700 words See answers Advertisement
Essay 700 words for petroleum saving
Essay 700 words for petroleum saving - 4982232. werewolf5678 werewolf5678 02.08.2018 Social Sciences Secondary School answered Essay 700 words for petroleum saving See answer Advertisement