role of police in state development essay in english

Essay on Role of Police in Society

Students are often asked to write an essay on Role of Police in Society in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

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100 Words Essay on Role of Police in Society

The importance of police.

Police play a crucial role in maintaining law and order in society. They are our protectors, ensuring safety and peace.

Law Enforcement

The primary role of police is to enforce laws. They investigate crimes, arrest offenders, and assist in their prosecution.

Crime Prevention

Police also work to prevent crime. They patrol neighborhoods, respond to calls, and offer programs to educate the public about safety.

Community Service

Police are part of the community. They help during emergencies, natural disasters, and community events, fostering a sense of security.

In conclusion, police are vital for a safe, orderly society.

250 Words Essay on Role of Police in Society

Introduction.

Policing, an essential component of society, plays a crucial role in maintaining peace and order. The police force acts as the primary agency for law enforcement, ensuring citizens’ safety and security.

The Guardians of Law and Order

The primary role of the police is to enforce laws and maintain order. They investigate crimes, apprehend offenders, and assist in their prosecution. The police also play a preventative role, deterring potential criminal activities through their presence and proactive strategies.

Community Engagement

Police are not just enforcers of the law; they also serve as a bridge between the community and the criminal justice system. Community policing encourages collaboration between the police and local communities to address safety concerns and enhance trust.

Crisis Management

In emergencies, the police are often the first responders, providing immediate assistance to victims. They manage crises, mitigate damage, and coordinate with other emergency services.

Challenges and the Path Forward

Despite their pivotal role, police forces worldwide face challenges such as corruption, misuse of power, and public distrust. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive reforms, including enhanced training, better oversight and accountability mechanisms, and fostering a culture of respect for human rights.

In conclusion, the police play a multifaceted role in society, acting as law enforcers, community partners, and crisis managers. As society evolves, so too must the role of the police, adapting to new challenges and expectations to better serve and protect.

500 Words Essay on Role of Police in Society

Police play a critical role in society. They are the custodians of law and order, responsible for maintaining peace, ensuring safety and security, and upholding the principles of justice. The role of the police extends beyond just enforcing laws; they also serve as a bridge between the community and the justice system.

The Role of Police in Maintaining Law and Order

One of the primary responsibilities of the police is to maintain law and order. This involves preventing and detecting crime, apprehending offenders, and ensuring public order. Police officers patrol neighborhoods to deter criminal activity, respond to emergencies, and investigate crimes. They also work closely with other agencies and community members to address the root causes of crime and to develop strategies to prevent it.

Public Safety and Security

Police are tasked with ensuring public safety and security. They are often the first responders in emergencies, providing immediate assistance and coordinating with other emergency services. They also play a key role in managing public events to ensure they are conducted safely and without disruption. Furthermore, they engage in community policing initiatives to build relationships with community members, which can help in crime prevention.

Upholding Justice

Police play a pivotal role in the justice system. They are responsible for investigating crimes, gathering evidence, and providing it to the courts to aid in the prosecution of offenders. They also ensure the rights of suspects are respected during investigations and detentions. Police officers are often called upon to testify in court, further underscoring their role in the justice process.

Community engagement is an essential aspect of modern policing. Police work closely with community members, local organizations, and other stakeholders to understand and address community concerns. This engagement can foster trust, improve communication, and facilitate cooperation between the police and the community, leading to more effective policing.

The role of police in society is multi-faceted and complex, encompassing law enforcement, public safety, justice, and community engagement. The effectiveness of the police in fulfilling these roles can significantly impact the quality of life in a community. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that police are adequately trained, equipped, and supported to carry out their duties effectively and with integrity. The police are not just enforcers of the law, but partners in building a safe, secure, and just society.

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THE ROLE OF POLICE IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

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This article integrates police responsibilities, operational independence, police powers, arrest and custody, criminal investigation, and improving police professionalism in order to fulfill law and order goals. The article's goal is to outline the environment in which the police function. The upkeep of order is one of the State's primary functions, if not its primary function. As a result, we begin by looking into the ideas of order and disorder. In order to foster respect and ensure that actions are consistent with widely held beliefs of human rights, the second section explains the problems and examines the connection between those rights and the police. Understanding Policing is an attempt to integrate the professional police and human rights viewpoints while serving as a brief introduction to each of these genres of literature. The article attempts to lay out the essential obligations of law enforcement in society as well as the principles and values that ought to direct them. The major objective of the article is to raise police professionalism. Instead of taking a legalistic stance, understanding policing assesses the likelihood that police will uphold human rights in practice. This suggests that we will surpass the standards established by other countries.

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Police is an organization whose activities significantly contribute to sustainable development goals implementation. The nature and subject of its activity are related to maintaining relations with the society with which it is in constant interaction. At the same time, an important issue, as in the case of other public organizations, is the social responsibility of the police. Its dimensions determine the creation of an atmosphere conducive to social participation next to the police in national security. In the effective implementation of a model of social responsibility of the police, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of internal factors (the police) and external factors (the police and its stakeholders) influencing the results of this process. For the police, being a responsible organization does not mean only fulfilling all formal and legal requirements. To be perceived as a trustworthy organization, it must think and act in terms of the future, see and consider various...

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Subject and aim: In the contemporary era, due to the development of criminology and introducing the topic of crime prevention, it has been paid attention to the role of the police in this regard. In the criminal law, the basis of criminalizing is loss and the legislator's sentence. Thus, the police must use prevention policies in crime prevention. The main aim of the present paper is to study the role and position of the police in crime prevention and the promotion of lifestyle. Method: The present research is applied in terms of aim and its data is analyzed and collected by library research and through using written resources, books and written and translated papers, internet websites, domestic and foreign laws and some of the implemented projects. The research findings and results: The findings of this research shows that the police should use preventive measures instead of suppressive activities. In this regard, the police must establish a direct interaction with society institutions, especially citizens. On the other hand, if we accept that the integrity of the personality of each person is the result of the lifestyle which he has chosen for himself, then we can realize the importance of lifestyle modification. Teaching civil rights to the citizens is one method by which the police can prevent crime and enhance the lifestyle of the people. Finally, the researcher has proposed key and valuable solutions.

sharyn graham davies , John Buttle

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4.3 Levels of Policing and Role of Police

Tiffany Morey and Franklyn Scott

Section Learning Objectives

After reading this section, students will be able to:

Understand the various options for careers in the policing and law enforcement arena
Discuss educational requirements for law enforcement positions at the federal, state, county, and local levels
Explain what a state police officer’s main objectives are
Describe the difference between sworn and civilian roles
List several divisions that a sworn officer can be promoted to
List several departments in which a civilian can work within a law enforcement agency
Discuss how different police departments work with each other

Critical Thinking Questions

What education does a candidate need for jobs in federal law enforcement?
What education does a candidate generally need for city or county jobs as a police officer?
Is there a difference between a person who is considered commissioned and a person who is considered a civilian?
Does every law enforcement agency have the same opportunities for advancement?
Why do different police departments work together?
Can a person be a homicide detective without being a police officer?

Policing Types

It is an exciting time for those entering the law enforcement field. All too often, candidates only think of local police departments, i.e., city or county agencies, while the options available are genuinely multi-faceted. Whether one is looking for a “typical” police officer career, criminal forensics, or environmental law enforcement, the options are diverse. While the below list is not exhaustive, it does give a detailed look at the array of careers one could have in policing or law enforcement.

Federal Level: The federal arena for law enforcement careers is vast. The options are almost endless, and many would argue that the rewards of a federal law enforcement career are superior to those offered at the local level. However, there is a catch—namely, education and experience requirements. Most law enforcement-related careers in the federal arena require a bachelor’s degree, at a minimum, plus several years of related full-time work experience before applying.

Candidates interested in working for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) as a special agent, for example, are looking at the following educational requirements:

A bachelor’s degree in either accounting, computer science / information technology, or foreign language (only a criminal justice major if the candidate is planning on working full-time for a law enforcement agency for at least three years before applying),
OR a JD degree from an accredited law school,
OR a diversified bachelor’s degree AND three years of professional experience, OR a master’s degree, or Ph.D. along with two years of professional experience.

Federal job possibilities (the list is not comprehensive)

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF)
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Secret Service
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
National Security Agency (NSA)
United States Marshals Service (USMS)
U.S. Park Police
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
Department of Justice
Federal Bureau of Prisons
U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command (CID)
U.S. Army Counterintelligence
Department of Agriculture-Office of Inspector General (USDA-OIG)
U.S. Forest Service Law Enforcement & Investigations (USFS LEI)
Department of Commerce-Office of Inspector General (DOC-OIG)
Office of Security (DOC-OS)
U.S. Commerce Department Police
Office of Export Enforcement (OEE)
National Institute of Standards and Technology Police
United States Pentagon Police
Department of Defense-Defense Criminal Investigative Service (DCIS)
United States Pentagon Police (USPPD)
Department of Defense Police
Defense Security Police
Defense Logistic Agency Police
United States Coast Guard (USCG)

State Level: Learn more about Louisiana State Police .

American Association of State Troopers (AAST) - Louisiana State Police | Facebook

County Level: There are 3,142 counties in the United States. [1] Each county has an elected sheriff and deputies (a.k.a. officers) who work directly under the sheriff. Deputies’ work is similar to that of other local police officers, with one twist: sheriff’s departments are often responsible for the courts and jails (a.k.a. detention facilities) in their respective counties. This means that some deputies have the option to perform correctional work; they may even be required to begin their career in corrections, if their sheriff’s department is a single-entry agency. Departments that are dual-entry will offer separate application tracks for candidates who wish to perform correctional or law enforcement work.

A K-9 vehicle for the Allegheny County Sheriff's Department

Municipal/Local Level: Municipal or local police work for a specific municipality or city. The vast majority of individuals in law enforcement work for local police agencies, and most police departments serve municipalities. Unlike their federal counterparts, most municipal (and state and county) police departments do not require future candidates to have a bachelor’s degree, although many require some higher education (ex. 60 credits, or roughly 2 years of college). Increasingly, college degrees represent a required credential when an officer wants to enter management; in fact, many chiefs and sheriffs have either a Masters or a Ph.D.

A vehicle from the Pittsburgh Bureau of Police Bike Patrol

For a complete list of law enforcement agencies (state, county, municipal/city) visit: Discover Policing

Other Policing Jobs: There are many other police jobs that may fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government, state, county, or city, including civilian (non-sworn) positions. Here’s an incomplete list:

Bailiff for a Court
Animal Control or Animal Cruelty Investigator
Computer Forensics
Correctional Counselor
Court Clerk or Court Reporter
Criminologist
Private Investigator
Criminal Justice Administration
Crime Prevention Specialist
Protection Officer
Forensic Accountant, Anthropologist, Artist, Hypnotists, Nurse, Pathologist, Psychologist, Scientist, Serologist, Toxicologist
Juvenile Probation Officer
Latent Print Examiner
Legal Secretary/Paralegal
Loss Prevention Officer
Mediator/Negotiator
Pre-trial Officer
Security Analyst
Security Officer
Social Worker
Victims Advocate

Divisions within Law Enforcement Agencies

Law enforcement agencies, whether federal, state, county, or local, generally have jobs available within two major areas: sworn or commissioned and civilian. A sworn or commissioned employee has been through police training, is certified or licensed as a police officer, and has arresting powers in the state. A c ivilian employee is one who has not been through police training and does not have arresting powers.

One of the exciting aspects of policing is the vast array of jobs available, whether an individual is interested in sworn or civilian employment. Every department offers slightly different specialized divisions, depending on its size. For example, the McKeesport Police Department is relatively small department (55 full-time officers) but still operates several unique divisions (for example, traffic, patrol, and crime prevention) alongside its Detective Bureau (itself comprising four different investigative divisions.) Officers within this department may be promoted to management, but in order to access even more specialized work, individuals would have to seek employment within a larger agency, such as the Pittsburgh Bureau of Police. An officer at PBP can be promoted to one of 12 specialty units.

Police work is multifaceted and ever-changing, always keeping officers engaged. Moreover, unlike many other professions, the daily job of a police officer, depending on the respective department, can change dramatically with their particular division. One year a police officer may be writing a traffic citation from a patrol car, and the next year the same police officer may be driving an off-road motorcycle, patrolling the local park, or riding a mounted horse in the downtown area. The choice to have a career in policing is enormous, but all candidates should go one step further and start researching to decide what type of policing, what kind of agency, and what possible divisions the candidate would like to join.

Sworn Officers: Different Divisions within a Law Enforcement Agency:

Detective/Investigations (Persons Crimes, Property Crimes, Homicides, Rape, Robbery, Burglary, Auto Theft, DUI, Domestic Violence)
Human/Sex Trafficking
Crime Scene Investigation (CSI)
K-9 (patrol, drug, and search & rescue dogs)
Crisis Negotiator
Mounted Unit (horses)
Training/Range Master
Academy/Tac Officer
Bike Patrol
Internal Affairs
Public Information Officer
Search & Rescue
Forest and Fish & Wildlife
Various Area Task Force (usually made up of various law enforcement agencies in the area, to sometimes include federal agencies too)

Civilian Employees: Divisions within a Law Enforcement Agency:

The civilian areas of each police department are also fascinating. Not every person is meant to go into law enforcement as a sworn officer. Civilian employees represent an important half of the police equation and are much-needed in every law enforcement agency. When a citizen dials 9-1-1, a dispatcher answers the phone, and that dispatcher is a civilian. When a police officer finds controlled substances on a suspect, takes custody, and later books them into evidence at the police station, the evidence technician is a civilian that logs and follows through with the chain of custody for the evidence. Civilians are just as important as those in sworn positions at any law enforcement agency.

Example civilian positions at law enforcement agencies:

Dispatch/911 Operator
Crime Analysis
Forensic Unit/CSI
Fleet Management
Support/Facilities
Human Resources
Operations Support Unit
Recruitment Coordinator
Volunteer Coordinator
Administrative Support
U.S. Department of the Interior (2018, September 23). How many counties are there in the United States. Retrieved from https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-many-counties-are-there-united-states. ↵

4.3 Levels of Policing and Role of Police Copyright © 2024 by Tiffany Morey and Franklyn Scott is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Community Policing in America: Changing the Nature, Structure, and Function of the Police

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The Role of Policing in Modern Society Essay

With the change of society, people observe changes in policing as well. The development of an improved security system involves community integration with police in a struggle with violence and the achievement of a safer life. In this regard, policing in modern society focuses on community-friendly approaches, including community policing and intelligence-led policing.

First, it is essential to point out that modern policing assumes a close interaction between citizens and police representatives. Second, modern policing has several peculiarities that need to be reflected. According to Wetzel, community policing is “definitely open to improvement and refinement” (6). In other words, not only seasoned police officers but also ordinary people are free to express any assumptions related to security ensuring. This creates a culture of respect for law enforcement and a sense of collaboration.

In the context of community policing, it seems appropriate to note the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS) that serves as a paramount public policing program in the USA. Lombardo, Olson, and Staton state that people living in districts with CAPS are more likely to be satisfied with community policing rather than those living in communities without this program (600). The strong community ties appearing due to police efforts are an essential factor in crime prevention.

In its turn, satisfaction with police work leads to the increased quality of life and collective efficacy of people (Lombardo, Olson, and Staton 596). As a result, one might note an increased level of social engagement in ensuring security and public order.

Another tendency of modern policing is foot patrols’ increase. If earlier, the preference was given to car patrols, nowadays, foot patrols play a greater role (Klein par. 17). For instance, police officers look into stores and banks asking about any violations. This strategy promotes the confidence of citizens in the police, attracting more people to collaborate. Some of the officers are even ordered to speak to citizens walking through neighborhood areas (Klein par. 25).

Although police spend some time to become closer to the community, it cannot negatively affect police operation goals. These objectives continue to include ensuring public safety, protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, prevention and detection of crime, assistance, and community services to reduce the level of fear of crime, as well as the prevention of decline and dilapidation of neighborhoods (Gaines and Kappeler 38). At the same time, police and community partnership do provide a more effective strategy for achieving these goals. There is a balance of resolving crimes and foot patrols. In addition, it is very important to note that foot patrols decrease fear of neighborhood disorders and crime.

In his turn, Pieters emphasizes that an intelligence-led policing, namely cameras and other technology, is a guarantee to prevent plenty of crime cases (par. 5). For example, the dispatcher detected the criminal due to the camera installed in Chicago. Also, such an approach would help to save a considerable amount of money in comparison with officers’ costing. In recent research conducted by Carter, Phillips, and Gayadeen, it was stated that “agencies that required personnel to receive intelligence-specific training were more likely to utilize intelligence for decision making” (440). It becomes evident from the above observations that the process of collaboration is supported at both sides, namely, by citizens and police.

To conclude, modern policing is not limited to crime prevention as it also aims at community interaction and collaboration to achieve common goals.

Works Cited

Carter, Jeremy G., Scott W. Phillips, and S. Marlon Gayadeen. “Implementing Intelligence-Led Policing: An Application of Loose-Coupling Theory.” Journal of Criminal Justice 42.6 (2014): 433-442. Print.

Gaines, Larry K., and Victor E. Kappeler. Policing in America . 8th ed. Waltham, MA: Anderson, 2011. Print.

Klein, Allison. “D.C. Police Heeding Calls for Foot Patrols.” Washington Post . The Washington Post. 2007. Web.

Lombardo, Robert M., David Olson, and Monte Staton. “The Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy.” Policing Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 33.4 (2010): 586-606. Print.

Pieters, Jeffrey. “Intelligence-led policing is future focus in Rochester”. McClatchy-Tribune Business News . N.p., n.d. Web.

Wetzel, Tom. “Community Policing Revisited.” Law & Order 60.4 (2012): 6-7. Print.

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Essay On Police

500 words essay on police.

In this world, we must have laws to maintain peace. Thus, every citizen must follow these laws. However, there are some people in our society who do not follow them and break the laws . In order to keep a check on such kinds of people, we need the police. Through essay on police, we will learn about the role and importance of police.

Importance of Police

The police are entrusted with the duty of maintaining the peace and harmony of a society. Moreover, they also have the right to arrest and control people who do not follow the law. As a result, they are important as they protect our society.

Enforcing the laws of the land, the police also has the right to punish people who do not obey the law. Consequently, we, as citizens, feel safe and do not worry much about our lives and property.

In other words, the police is a saviour of the society which makes the running of society quite smooth. Generally, the police force has sound health. They wear a uniform and carry a weapon, whether a rifle or pistol . They also wear a belt which holds their weapons.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Role of Police

The police play many roles at police stations or check posts. They get a posting in the town or city depending on the crime rate in the area. When public demonstrations and strikes arise, the police plays a decisive role.

Similarly, when they witness the crowd turning violent during protests or public gatherings, it is their responsibility to prevent it from becoming something bigger. Sometimes, they also have to make use of the Lathi (stick) for the same reason.

If things get worse, they also resort to firing only after getting permission from their superiors. In addition, the police also offer special protection to political leaders and VIPs. The common man can also avail this protection in special circumstances.

Thus, you see how the police are always on duty round the clock. No matter what day or festival or holiday, they are always on duty. It is a tough role to play but they play it well. To protect the law is not an easy thing to do.

Similarly, it is difficult to maintain peace but the police manage to do it. Even on cold winter nights or hot summer afternoons, the police is always on duty. Even during the pandemic, the police was on duty.

Thus, they keep an eye on anti-social activities and prevent them at large. Acting as the protector of the weak and poor, the police play an essential role in the smooth functioning of society.

Conclusion of Essay On Police

Thus, the job of the police is very long and tough. Moreover, it also comes with a lot of responsibility as we look up to them for protection. Being the real guardian of the civil society of a nation, it is essential that they perform their duty well.

FAQ on Essay On Police

Question 1: What is the role of police in our life?

Answer 1: The police performs the duties which the law has assigned to them. They are entrusted to protect the public against violence, crime and other harmful acts. As a result, the police must act by following the law to ensure that they respect it and apply it in a manner which matches their level of responsibility.

Question 2: Why do we need police?

Answer 2: Police are important for us and we need it. They protect life and property, enforce criminal law, criminal investigations, regulate traffic, crowd control, public safety duties, search for missing persons, lost property and other duties which concern the public order.-*//**9666666666666666666666+9*63*

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The Role of the State in Development

First Online: 28 July 2017

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role of police in state development essay in english

Christopher Wylde 3

Part of the book series: International Political Economy Series ((IPES))

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Conventionally, the concept of development has been equated with economic growth. As a result, mainstream literature—both academic and in the media—has viewed development as a fundamentally economic, perhaps even technocratic process.

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Wylde, C. (2017). The Role of the State in Development. In: Emerging Markets and the State. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55655-4_2

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39 The Role of the State in Development

Robert H. Bates Eaton Professor of the Science of Government, Harvard University

Published: 02 September 2009
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This article studies the role of the state in development. It provides a review of the relevant literature and gives a distinctive argument that highlights areas suitable for empirical investigation. One of these areas is the politics that descend into predation, while the others turn developmental. It determines the conditions under which the provision of security and the creation of wealth become rational political acts. The article also discusses stateless societies, societies with states, state failure, and the development of the state.

Addressing the role of the state in development, this chapter seeks both to synthesize and to innovate. So vast is the literature—it runs from anthropology (e.g. Colson 1974) through international relations (e.g. Keohane 1984) and comparative politics (e.g. Kang 2002) and on to political economy (e.g. Evans 1995) —that any synthesis must of necessity be selective. To structure to my treatment of this literature, I therefore advance a blunt thesis—“no state, no development.” Before elaborating my argument, I first clarify my terms and intentions and defend against criticisms implicit in the literature. After fully developing my argument, I conclude by noting its implications for future research.

1 Background

So bald a thesis demands clarification. I ground my conception of development in political economy and regard it as the achievement of political security and economic prosperity. My goal is purposefully minimalist: I focus on the transformation of the use of power from a means of appropriating wealth into an instrument of its creation and demur from addressing such topics as the politics of industrial policies ( Fishlow et al. 1994 ; Amsden 1989 ) or of the welfare state (Hall and Soskice 2001) .

This chapter can therefore be viewed as a contribution to the program pioneered by Douglass North (e.g. North and Thomas 1973) . For North, the key to development was the creation of institutions. While political rather than economic in nature, institutions, he argued, were sources of value. Institutions that equated the private with the social rate of return set in place incentives that would deter rational individuals from taking actions that were privately profitable but socially harmful and encourage them to undertake activities that while privately costly would be socially beneficial. By noting that any agency powerful enough to create such institutions would also be powerful enough to dismantle them, Weingast (1995) pointed to a major lacuna in North's argument: the absence of a theory of politics or, more precisely, a theory as to why political agents would use power to elicit the creation of wealth rather than to engage in predation. 1

In arguing “no state, no development,” I will seek the conditions under which the provision of security and the creation of wealth become rational political acts. Under these conditions, those who control the means of violence will (if a citizen) put it aside or (if a ruler) employ it to defend the property of others. When these choices form an equilibrium, then, I will argue, there is a state. And when there is a state, I further argue, the equilibrium can support the attainment of both security and prosperity. Indeed, it can support a (Pareto) welfare maximum. When organized as a state, coercion underpins development.

1.1 Defending on One Front: The Writings of Anthropologists

One possible challenge to such an argument originates from the ranks of anthropologists, who, as noted by Almond and Coleman (1960) , demonstrate that societies can generate security even though they lack states. To view the state as necessary for the provision of security is thus to confound form with function, they would argue, treating the state as necessary when its function can in fact be performed by other social structures. It is Gluckman (1955) who provides the best gloss: In societies without states, he contends, peace is achieved in the shadow of the feud. Families provide protection for their kin and it is fear of retaliation by one's kin that safeguards a person's security.

While documenting that people who dwell in societies without states can in fact be secure, anthropologists fail to stress a second key feature of these societies: their poverty. More precisely, they fail to recognize that poverty may result from statelessness. I argue that the state provides a means of securing peace with prosperity, whereas in polities based on kinship, people must trade the one value off against the other.

1.2 Defending One Another: The Literature on International Relations

A second challenge emanates from students of international relations. At the global level, there is no state; but as emphasized by Keohane and Nye (1989) there can nonetheless be order. A host of scholars (consult, for example, Martin and Simmons 2001) have demonstrated that even in the absence of an international government there can still be peace and, indeed, high levels of cooperation.

The substantive findings in this field thus pose a second challenge to my argument. So too do the analytics that generate them: the logic of non‐cooperative, repeated games. Appealing to the so‐called folk theorem of repeated games (Fudenberg and Maskin 1986) , students of international relations argue that socially productive behavior can be elicited and socially destructive behavior discouraged even in stateless (i.e. non‐cooperative) environments. In repeated games, people can play trigger strategies. That is, they can condition the actions they take on previous actions by others. The degree to which retaliation will deter is a function of its relative severity, its duration, and the degree to which the potential defector discounts the future. According to the folk theorem, even in prisoner's dilemma games, for a given set of payoffs, the benefits from cooperation can be secured as an equilibrium if the rate of discount renders future losses from the punishments inflicted by trigger strategies greater than the one‐period gains from an opportunistic defection.

I too acknowledge the power of the folk theorem. But I demur from endorsing the optimistic implications drawn by students of international relations. At the core of development lie dynamics; the very term “development” implies change over time. Either because of increases in capital (in the relatively short run) or of changes in technology (in the relatively longer run), the payoffs for a given set of strategies can change. A rate of discount may render cooperation an equilibrium choice of strategy, given the initial payoffs; but it will later fail to do so, should payoffs alter and, in particular, should the rewards for defection increase in value. The folk theorem thus does not offer the assurance of cooperation to students of development that it offers to students of international relations. Even while appropriating the analytics employed in that field, I shall therefore continue to argue: no state, no development.

To lay the foundations for my claim, I return to the terrain of the anthropologists and to behavior in stateless societies.

2 Stateless Societies

The hallmark of a stateless society is the decentralized control of the means of coercion. In the absence of an agency that possesses a monopoly over the use of force, each person—each family—retains control over the instruments of violence and provides its own security. The decentralized provision of violence characterizes village and kinship societies ( Sahlins 1968 ; Wolff 1966 ); medieval cities (Greif 1998) ; and feudal societies (Bloch 1970) . In such societies, the roots of political order lie in the capacity to deter. The system is based on the certainty of retaliation: it is “fear of the feud” (Gluckman 1955) that dissuades people from behaving opportunistically.

The literature on stateless societies thus yields a counterintuitive result: that people who do not possess states can nonetheless be orderly. The finding has informed the work of anarchists (e.g. Taylor 1987) and libertarians (e.g. Buchanan and Tullock 1962) , who for contrasting reasons seek to limit the reach of public power.

A closer analysis suggests that while there may be order in these societies, it comes at a high cost. 2 People value both income and leisure; but when stateless, people have to provide their own protection and they therefore must divert resources to military preparation. The sacrifice of income and leisure implies a decline in welfare. In addition, while the threat of retaliation may be designed to deter, once triggered, retaliation provokes disorder; the initial costs are therefore compounded. That the subsequent losses may exceed in value those resulting from the initial harm points to a third deficiency: fearing to trigger a costly feud, people may have to tolerate “minor” infractions. They may have to live at a level of security lower than that which they would prefer.

While highlighting the imperfections of a system in which security is privately provided, these observations fall short of demonstrating the inability of stateless societies to secure development. As shown by the folk theorem, given a sufficiently low rate of discount, cooperation can be achieved as an equilibrium choice of strategies and even first‐best level of welfare secured in equilibrium. Retaining the logic that underlies this claim, hold constant the discount rate and let the payoffs from defection increase; that is, let there be growth. Without an offsetting increase in the severity of the punishments, the actors will then find that the joys of immediate gratification outweigh future losses from retaliation. For social order to be stable, the growth in prosperity will therefore require a modification of political arrangements. Failing that, the likelihood of opportunistic defection will rise.

To cut deeper, focus on the conditions under which people in stateless societies might nonetheless be willing to disarm. To be willing to disarm, a family must have no reason to fear its neighbor; the neighbor must therefore have no reason to wish to steal the family's property. The conclusion therefore appears inescapable: the price of disarmament is having nothing worth stealing. There may be peace; there also may be leisure; but there is also poverty in stateless societies.

We can look as well for conditions under which prosperity can be achieved in stateless societies. As Bates, Greif, and Singh (2002) demonstrate, the condition is that people be prepared to fight. The price of prosperity is that people be willing to sacrifice leisure. They must amass military resources sufficient to deter others from appropriating the fruits of their labor.

The constraints on welfare imposed by political institutions

Figure 39.1 provides a visual portrayal of the implications of this argument. The vertical axis designates the level of demilitarization; the x‐axis marks the level of prosperity. People want higher levels of both: utility therefore increases as one moves northeast in the plane framed by the two axes. The first‐best outcome would locate in the upper right‐hand corner, representing the achievement of both high income and demilitarization. As suggested by the downward‐sloping line, the cost of prosperity is greater levels of military preparation; by the same token, the cost of demilitarization is poverty. The political institutions of stateless societies, the figure suggests, thus impose a trade‐off between prosperity and security. Because development implies higher levels of both, the downward‐sloping line can also be viewed as a constraint on the level of development that such societies can attain. The origin of this constraint is the society's political institutions. In their search for higher levels of welfare, people in stateless societies are limited by the nature of their institutions.

3 Societies With States

Thus far I have defended the thesis: “No state, no development.” By demonstrating how power can be organized in a way that engenders both security and prosperity, I now turn to the positive case for the role of the state in development.

To launch the argument, I introduce a figure, G (think “government”), who is a specialist in the use of violence. In contrast to the private citizens, G does not secure his income from productive labor: rather, he secures it by using force. In seeking the “primitive” conditions for the state, I seek the conditions under which G would find it preferable to earn an income by employing his command over the military arts to safeguard rather than to seize the wealth of others.

Now there are three actors: G and the two private agents. Each values both leisure and income. G can gain an income from predation or from payments made by citizens in exchange for protection; the private agents, by working or raiding. To draw closer to the conditions that define the properties of the state, I ask three questions:

Under what conditions would G choose to employ force to defend the citizens rather than to prey upon them?

Under which conditions will citizens choose to disarm, leaving the government to protect their life and property?

And when will these choices prevail as an equilibrium?

By equilibrium, is meant:

No private agent should be able to gain by raiding or refusing to pay taxes.

Nor should an agent be able to gain by altering the allocation of her resources between work, leisure, and military preparation.

G's threat to predate must be credible.

And G must find it optimal not to predate if the economic agents adhere to their strategies.

The structure of repeated play helps to define this equilibrium for it opens up the possibility of punishment should any player deviate. In the punishment phase, G would earn his income from predation rather than protection; the citizens would reallocate resources from production to defense and to leisure, the former so as to deter those who might raid and the latter so as to render raiding unattractive. Society would therefore be poor and its members insecure. As stated by Hobbes, the life of man would be “poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”

To illustrate the conditions that support adherence to the equilibrium path of play, I first focus on the incentives that shape the choices of G, the specialist in violence. I stress the incentives that prevail in equilibrium and those that arise should a deviation occur ( Figure 39.2 ). I then turn to the behavior of the citizens.

The equilibrium path

G's incentives to adhere to the equilibrium choice of strategies derive from the revenues he can secure from taxation. To induce G to refrain from predation, the level of revenues he earns from the provision of protection needs to be high enough that G finds it optimal, given the private agents' choice of strategies, to refrain from confiscating the agents' wealth if they pay taxes. But the revenues must also be sufficiently low that private agents prefer to purchase the services of G rather than to incur the costs of providing their own security. The level of revenues must satisfy both G's and the citizens' participation constraints, where the latter is defined by a capacity to revert to the private provision of security and to the taking up of arms.

G's willingness to adhere to the equilibrium path also depends upon his payoffs in the punishment phase. The magnitude of these payoffs constitute the shadow of the future, to use Axelrod's phrasing (Axelrod 1984) . This shadow will be the dimmer and the punishment phase therefore less of a deterrent to predation should G be assured of a prosperous future even should the state break down. Should, for example, G be able to retain control over oil fields, gold mines, or other assets, then he need not fear the loss of taxes, should he abandon his role as a guardian. The shadow will dim as well should G more heavily discount the future and thus the losses during the punishment phase. Should his future become less certain or his level of impatience rise, then G will come to weigh the prospects of immediate gain more highly than future pain. He will find the immediate rewards (even given the attendant punishment) from predation more attractive than the steady but moderate future flow of earnings from the provision of protective services. Both the magnitude of these rewards in the punishment phase and the degree to which the payoffs are discounted thus determine the strength of G's incentives to behave like the government of a state rather than like a warlord. 3

I have focused on the incentives facing G. But note too the behavior of the private citizens. If public revenues decline, then, understanding G's incentives, the citizens might fear their government's behavior. They might expect the specialist in violence to begin to behave as a predator, using his power to extract resources from the private economy. So too if G's hold on power becomes less secure: the citizens might then fear that their government—now facing greater prospects of the loss of power—would now begin to despoil rather than to protect the private economy. And should a major new source of wealth arise—a resource boom, say; or discoveries of oil or mineral deposits—comprehending the incentives that shape the choices of the specialist in violence, the citizens might anticipate a change in the conduct of their government. They might anticipate that the government would forswear costly efforts on their behalf and turn instead to consuming the bounty created by the bonanza. In anticipation of the transformation of the specialist's role—his change from protector to predator—the citizenry would itself then alter its behavior: it would return to the private provision of security.

The conditions that yield the possibility of the state also imply that the state is developmental. That they do so provides closure to my argument.

When G is willing and able to punish those who engage in raiding, then private citizens need no longer divert resources from productive effort. And when G can gain a higher income by protecting the creation of wealth than by engaging in predation, citizens need not fear that increases in prosperity will trigger political expropriation. Given the security of their property and the fruits of their labors, citizens will therefore be willing to shift resources into productive endeavors. The citizens will enjoy security and their incomes will grow.

If G is little tempted to deviate from its role as guardian, then it can be shown that as the rate at which he discounts the future declines, the level of taxes necessary to secure his services approaches “o” (Bates, Greif, and Singh 2002) . Put another way, as the rate at which G discounts the future declines, fewer resources need be diverted from the private to the public economy to keep the society on the equilibrium path, and the magnitude of the distortions created by the need to pay for the services of G therefore declines. The fewer the distortions, the greater the total product.

The properties of these political arrangements thus contrast with those that characterize stateless societies. People in the society can enjoy both security and prosperity. Society can reach regions in the space described in Figure 39.1 which previously were unattainable. The conditions that lead to the possibility of the state lead as well to the possibility of development.

4 State Failure

The conditions that support adherence to the equilibrium path and the possibility of the state also define the circumstances under which states will fail. When these conditions fail to hold, specialists in violence become warlords and civilians take up arms. For evidence of the plausibility of my argument, I turn to the literatures on state failure.

One branch of this literature addresses the political costs of democratization. As noted by Snyder (2000) , when authoritarian regimes face the prospect of being overthrown, they then turn predatory; in response, political challengers then seek to mobilize the citizenry. Because the Third Wave rendered authoritarian regimes insecure, Snyder (2000) argues, it therefore produced not only democracy but also nationalism, ethnic conflict, and state failure. Snyder's argument is echoed by Chua (2003) , Zakaria (1997) , and defended more rigorously by Hegre et al. (2001) and others (e.g. Goldstone et al. 2003) . It suggests that, in keeping with my argument, as the future becomes uncertain, the possibility of the state declines.

A second relevant literature addresses the so‐called “resource curse.” Originally coined to highlight a surprising lack of connect between natural endowments and economic growth, the phrase has acquired political as well as economic meaning. Through the work of Karl (1997) , Ross (1999) , and others, it has come to refer to transformation of political incentives brought on by natural resource booms. Given access to extraordinary opportunities for wealth, public servants turn from providers of services to consumers of public revenues, these scholars contend; they use their access to power to privatize the public domain. The state becomes a rentier state ( Mahdavy 1970 ; Beblawi and Giacomi 1987 ; Chaudry 1994 ; Shambayati 1994 ), organizing the consumption rather than the creation of wealth. And the non‐resource economy withers, not only as a result of macroeconomic distortions resulting from an ill‐managed boom but also from the inefficiency and corruption of the public services, including those whose job is to secure rights in property. In its most pernicious form, the resource curse takes the form of violence—a possibility investigated in the extensive literature on “greed and grievance” ( Reno 1995 ; Klare 2002 ; Collier et al. 2003 ).

A last relevant portion of the literature on state failure focuses on the political impact of economic decay. It focuses in particular on the impact of the late century recession triggered by the oil price shocks of the 1970s, the Mexican default of 1982, and the subsequent debt crisis (see, for example, Sachs 1989 ; Haggard et al. 1993 ). One result was a sharp drop in the incomes of developing countries. A second was a decline in public revenues. In the developing areas, economic activity moved from the formal to the informal economy, where entrepreneurs could shed high fixed costs, employ flexible modes of production, and avoid paying taxes (see MacGaffey 1991 ; Soto 1990 ). While the private economy thus adjusted to the recession, it did so at the expense of the public economy.

When starved of funds as a result of the recession, this literature shows, some governments turned predatory. When civil servants were poorly paid, many turned to corruption. If unpaid, soldiers mutinied or staged coups in protest against the erosion of the salaries and conditions of service (Dianga 2002) . When governments could no longer afford the transfers that bind powerful groups to the center, then those groups rebelled. Thus Acemoglu and Robinson's (2001) theory of revolution and Azam and Mesnard's theory (2003) of regional succession (see also Centeno 2002) . The result of the crisis of public revenues was state failure.

These literatures—on the impact of resource booms, democratization, and global economic shocks—thus address the changes in the very variables that circumscribe the possibility for the state. That these literatures link changes in the values of these variables to the failure of states provides support for my argument.

5 The Development of the State

On the one hand, then, stand stateless societies, wherein security is traded off against prosperity. On the other stand societies with states, wherein—under a specific set of conditions—people can enjoy both. An additional question therefore arises: how do societies move from the one set of institutions to the other and so enhance their prospects for development? The literature offers three different approaches to this question.

5.1 Demand‐driven Explanation

The first answer stresses the importance of the welfare losses associated with the lack of political order. These are depicted in Figure 39.1 by the region of desirable outcomes that remain unattainable, given the constraint imposed by decentralized political institutions. Historical accounts of state formation in medieval and early modern Europe document the calls for order that underpinned the popularity of the Angevin dynasty after the collapse of Norman rule in England ( Bartlett 2002 ; Hyams 2003 ); the cries for the king's justice that led to the propagation of instruments of centralized rule—the courts, the bailiffs, and the rule of law—in medieval England (Hyams 2003) ; and the demands for the extension of the king's peace in the provinces of France, wherein order had been disrupted by feuds between branches of the aristocratic families (Duby 1987) .

To marshal an additional example: in medieval England, back‐country magnates recruited muscular youths to their households, thereby providing protection for their domains. These retainers formed liveried companies: bands of warriors bearing the colors of their lords. But when attending parliament, the very magnates who had formed these companies called for their disbanding (Hicks 1995) . Aware of the violence and disorder they spread throughout the countryside, the magnates pleaded for the king to suppress the liveried companies. Their behavior, I would argue, reflects the nature of the payoffs that confront private citizens in stateless societies. Each magnate, acting alone, had incentives to create a military band; but because all had the same incentives, each devoted too many resources to protection and too few to production. The role of the king was to coordinate the movement toward demilitarization—a movement that was collectively desirable but privately perilous.

6 The Standard Account

More common than accounts based on contract are those based on conquest. In anthropology, the so‐called “standard account” of state formation begins with families clustering in locations that have been richly endowed by nature: in the alluvial soils near rivers, for example, or in rich volcanic highlands. When the productivity of the region significantly exceeds that in neighboring regions, then families will be loath to exit the favored locale. And when those who possess political power seek to increase their incomes, they therefore can extract tribute and services in exchange for property rights and, in particular, rights in land. Stratification based on differences in wealth and power then replaces the rough democracy of kinship (e.g. Feinman and Marcus 1998) . In this way politics is transformed from one of decentralized, egalitarian interaction to centralized and forceful redistribution. 4

6.1 Competition, Security and Fitness

A third literature suggests an evolutionary account. The selection mechanism is military competition and the level of fitness is determined by the capacity to pay the costs of warfare.

The followers of Hintze (Gilbert 1975) propose such an account. Military competition, as McNeil (1982) and others stress, inspires a search for new technologies, such as the refinement and casting of metals, the development of ships, and the creation of instruments for navigation. As argued by van Creveld (1977) , military competition spurs economic change. Behind the “head” of every army trails a logistical “tail” that provides clothing, shelter, food, and munitions. Without logistical support, soldiers remained a part of the productive economy; i.e. they fed themselves. Armies therefore disbanded at the time of planting and harvesting. A competitive advantage therefore accrued to commanders who could feed their armies and so keep them in the field while their opponents disbanded. An advantage therefore accrued to those with a strong economic base. Not only could they acquire better weapons but they could also support a large body of unproductive labor: men who trained to fight.

Warfare demands finance. Revenues have to be levied from the private economy, thus requiring taxation. The tax base itself thus has to be nurtured, requiring the selection of proper policies. By this account, the origins of the state lie in military competition. And those that survive are those that are most fit, i.e. those that are developmental (see Levi 1988 ; Skocpol 1979 ; Rosenthal 1998 ).

7 Conclusion

Arguing “no state, no development,” this chapter has sought both to cut deep and to range widely. While seeking to provide a review of the relevant literature, it has also sought to mount a distinctive argument. Just as economic historians have sought the act of “primitive accumulation” 5 that fueled the growth of the industrial economy, so too have I sought the “primitive conditions” that lead to the transformation of power from a means of predation into a force for development.

The argument of this chapter highlights areas ripe for empirical investigation. One is the politics that takes place on a knife edge from which some polities descend into predation while others turn developmental. On the one side, the winning political strategy is to extract wealth; on the other, it is to promote its creation. As in North's early work (North and Thomas 1973) , much could be learned from historical research, but in this instance focusing on states poised on the cusp. How did England draw back from the chaos of Stephen and Matilda and transit to the relative order of the Angevins—a lineage as much inclined to despoil as any other but who instead promoted order and prosperity? Much could be learned as well by investigating the transformation of the Kuomintang, whose leaders behaved as warlords on the mainland but who turned developmental in Taiwan.

I sketched out three paths that descend from the knife edge. Research into each would yield bountiful rewards. To focus on but one, consider the evolutionary account. Much could be learned by comparing two regions, one with high levels of military competition and another in which warfare has been suppressed. A comparison between Europe and China would be apt. 6 So too would a study of economic development in Africa, especially in the traditional states, before and after the imposition of colonial “order.”

Such suggestions take as their premiss the argument of this chapter and respond to the priorities that it implies. More valuable in the longer run, however, would be a reformulation of that argument. I have in mind a program of research into what could be termed “the industrial organization” of violence.

The production of coercion requires the inputs of labor and capital. By harnessing a technology of violence (in the words of the old theory of the firm) or by forging a “nexus of contracts” (in the words of contemporary theories), managers transform these inputs into physical force. In doing so, they are subject to constraints (e.g. mountainous terrain: Fearon and Laitin 2003 ); and they have to act in anticipation of the best response of their opponent. The research program I endorse would view conflict in this manner.

Adopting this perspective, consider the difference between decentralized and centralized societies. In the competition for scarce resources, one strategy might be to disperse and to infiltrate (as in Sahlins 1961) while another might be to bunch up and to invade. The first response would lead to societies that appear stateless; the second, to those in apparent possession of a state. To understand the manner in which such choices are made, scholars might well turn to literature on industrial organization, with its analyses of the strategic choice of competitive behavior, or to biology, with its models of the conditions under which populations disperse or swarm.

Or, to return once again to history, consider the Thirty Years War. 7 On the one hand stood (Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von) Wallenstein. Recruiting, supplying, and moving large forces, he became one of the most formidable commanders in the conflict. While successful economically and militarily, Count Wallenstein did not create a state. He favored “spot contracts” for soldiers and supplies, abjured incomplete contracts, and failed to build organizations that were longer lived than those that staffed them. On the other stood Gustavus Adolphus, an equally formidable commander. While receiving aid from France, Sweden was poor and the resources at his command paled by comparison with those available to Wallenstein. But although facing the same hostile terrain as Wallenstein, Gustavus Adolphus forged relationships that endured. The political order he helped to forge outlived him and those he commanded. By viewing the “contract” offered by Gustavus Adolphus to his followers through the lens of the modern theory of organizations, and by comparing its properties with those offered by Wallenstein, we could deepen our understanding of how coercion can be organized—and thus of the properties of the state. 8

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The research reviewed in this chapter was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant SES 9905568), the Carnegie Corporation, and the Center for International Development and Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University. I wish to thank Barry Weingast for the tough and supportive comments made on earlier versions of this chapter. The deficiencies that remain are my responsibility alone.

It was Margaret Levi 1981 , 1988 , who provided the most coherent neoclassical theory of governance.

See Axelrod 1984 for further insights into the costs of this system.

For proofs of these arguments, see Bates, Greif, and Singh 2002 .

See Carneiro 1970 and Feinman and Marcus 1998 . For a powerful illustration of the use of this reasoning, see Vansina 2004 .

The phrase of course comes from Marx 1906 . See also Crouzet 1972 .

Philip Hoffman and Jean‐Laurant Rosenthal are undertaking such a comparison.

A more fruitful subject for this enquiry than others, such as the First World War, which political scientists more frequently ponder.

For an intriguing probe at the issues raised herein, see Singer 2003 .

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10-line essay on a policeman for kids, a paragraph about a policeman for children, short essay on a policeman in english, long essay on a policeman for kids, what will your 1st, 2nd or 3rd grader learn from this essay.

Police are an integral part of our social system. When your child writes a police essay in English, their creative writing skills improve, and they learn about the importance of the police in a community. Writing an essay on a policeman for classes 1, 2 and 3 will make kids understand the relevance of the role and functions of police in society. Moreover, essay writing activity lays the foundation of English grammar for kids. It improves their vocabulary and helps them structure their thoughts and put them on paper in short and simple sentences. The earlier you introduce the act of writing to your child, the better it is.

Your child needs to know a few important points while writing about the police and people serving in this department. Let us help your child get a hint of the work policemen dp through these pointers:

Let your kids structure the ideas they want to write while referring to the role of the police in the first step.
The second step is to note the ideas to form an outline to cover all the points while writing the essay.
In the third step, they will make short and simple sentences from the pointers.
Motivate your kid not to get too deep writing about any single idea. It will help them to maintain the word count.
Help your kid write with the flow, making them cherish every bit of writing the essay.
Your little one can write about the functions of the police, the skills required to join the police force, what kind of work they do, etc.

Police officers have a major role to play, as they are crucial to maintaining law and order in society. Let us help your kid to write a short essay for class 1 and class 2 by writing a simple few lines about a policeman:

The police play a very important role in society.
Police officers protect everyone.
They bring peace and order to the community or town.
They sort out problems like burglary, snatching, theft, misconduct, etc.
The police officers wear the uniform that gives them a unique identification.
They carry pistols for the protection of the people.
They also carry batons sometimes.
They travel and conduct routine rounds in their police car.
The police officers are strong and courageous people.
They have a lot of responsibility on their shoulders.

The role of the police in society is massive and cannot be undervalued. Let us help your child write the policeman essay in 100 words:

The police play a very important role in maintaining a peaceful atmosphere in society, town, or community. Police officers are responsible for protecting everyone. Whenever anyone tries to harm law and order in the country, the police mediate. Police officers are trained to solve problems and issues of the people living in a community. Policemen wear uniforms, which provide them with a unique identification. They carry pistols for the protection of the public, and they also carry batons sometimes. They patrol in their police car. Being in the police force requires strength and immense courage. They have a lot of responsibility on their shoulders to safeguard society and its people.

The importance of police can’t be undermined. Therefore, kids get regular assignments or essays on policemen to make them aware of their role in society. Let us help your kid to write an essay for classes 1, 2 and 3:

The police play a very important role in maintaining an atmosphere free from disturbances and unwanted violence in society. Policemen have the duty of protecting the citizens of the country. Therefore, they get posted all across the country. Whenever anyone breaks law and order in the country, the police intervene, catch culprits, and put them behind bars. The police have their uniform, and the most common colour of the police uniform is khaki. Policemen are allowed to carry pistols to protect the common people in extreme situations. The government provides police personnel with police cars, which they use for patroling and reaching out to various places. Being in the police force is a responsible task. It requires strength and immense courage as they have a lot of responsibility on their shoulders to safeguard society and its people. The police hold a major role in upholding the peace of a nation.

The role of the police is significant in our society. Let us help your little one write an essay for class 3 on the police force:

There are two kinds of people in this world. While most people abide by the state’s law and order, some people try to break it. When someone violates a law, the police get into the picture. The common citizens cannot take the law of the state into their own hands. They can only seek help from the police if needed. The police handle issues like burglary, snatching, theft, misconduct, etc. Whenever a crime occurs in society, the cops reach the spot and take charge.

What Is The Role And Importance Of The Policeman?

The police force has many responsibilities as they protect common people from danger, prevent crimes and tackle cases of robbery and misconduct. There is a lot of importance to police in our life. Police have to do various types of tasks on a daily basis. A policeman is responsible for ensuring the community stays safe and criminals remain put. There is a big role of police in society. Police officers enforce the law, prevent crime, fight criminal activities, and maintain order. They also control situations when there are natural disasters or large-scale protests. Sometimes they risk their lives while carrying out their duty. Police are the first branch to come into action in case of an emergency. Policemen are expected to be honest and sincere at their work. They get postings across the country. Policemen are given some tools to carry out their tasks efficiently, such as rifles, pistols, batons, and handcuffs, to name a few. The police cars with many special features also form an important part of their duty. It is these cars that they use for patrolling. There is also the INTERPOL Police force that works across countries at the international level.

When your little one writes an essay on the police, they learn about the significance of police in society. They understand that the police force is mandatory to maintain peace and order around us. The essay writing process also plays a major role in developing children’s creative writing skills.

Let us discuss some frequently asked questions below regarding policemen.

1. How Do Policemen Help Us?

The police officers are a group of specially trained people who maintain peace and order, enforce laws, protect public and private properties, help with emergencies, solve criminal cases, etc. Policemen are trained in rescue and first aid. The reason behind this training is that police officers are often one of the first people to reach a place where people are injured or in danger, such as an accident, a fire, etc. Sometimes we also see police personnel providing special security to VIPs.

2. What Skills Do You Need To Become A Police Officer?

Being in the police is not an easy task. A police officer needs to have a few skills. Let us discuss them below.

Ability to handle the responsibility
Ability to remain calm in dangerous or challenging situations.
Assertiveness
Open-mindedness
Good interpersonal Skills

3. What Is the Full Form Of Police?

Police stand for Public Officer for Legal Investigations and Criminal Emergencies. The term Police can also be segregated as Polite, Obedient, Loyal, Intelligent, Courageous, and Efficient.

4. Which Is The Highest Post In The Police Department?

The highest post in the Police Department is the Director-General of Police (DGP).

We hope the above essay on policemen will help your child write an interesting essay on the topic and help them realise the value of police in society.

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COMMENTS

The Role of the Police (Chapter 1)
Before proceeding to a detailed account of the powers of the police and the means to justify their exercise, this chapter describes key political features of the police role. Ultimately, the role is to impartially produce a unique form of practical, substantive justice among citizens, one that they are owed by the state as they encounter ...
(PDF) The Role, and Functions of Police in A Modern ...
The police roles are to prevent and. combat anything that may threaten the safety and security of. any community; investigate any crimes that threaten the. safety and security of an y community ...
Essay on Role of Police in Society
Introduction. Police play a critical role in society. They are the custodians of law and order, responsible for maintaining peace, ensuring safety and security, and upholding the principles of justice. The role of the police extends beyond just enforcing laws; they also serve as a bridge between the community and the justice system.
Social Development and Police Reform: Some ...
Social Development and Police Reform: Some Reflections on the Concept and Purpose of Policing and the Implications for Reform in the UK and USA Get access. ... calls for police reform following the death of George Floyd has led to renewed debate about social inequality and the role of policing in society. Modern bureaucratic police systems ...
Role and Function of the Police
The second theme concerns the role of police in the drama of governance, the police mandate, and their role as a functional and dramaturgical actor. The third theme is the police organization seen as a collection of roles, segments, and cultures. These are in effect various ways of seeing the role and function of the police.
THE ROLE OF POLICE IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
The state police are primarily responsible for providing security to investments in the country. For instance, the state police protect the mines, chain stores, factories, and economic zones, among other economic areas. The presence of state police deters criminal attacks on the investments and provides a safe environment for investors to work in.
4.3 Levels of Policing and Role of Police
Increasingly, college degrees represent a required credential when an officer wants to enter management; in fact, many Chiefs and Sheriffs have either a Masters or Ph.D. Officers with the Pittsburgh Bureau of Police can work five different types of patrol: foot, vehicle, motorcycle, mounted (horse), and bicycle.
American Policing and Its Historical Development Essay
In total, there are three stages of the formation of police activity in America - the political, reform (professional), and community era (Burke & Carter, 2019). The political era is the first period of activity in the United States, which began around 1800 (Longley, 2020). This period was marked by a high increase in crime and riots caused ...
Police
police, body of officers representing the civil authority of government. Police typically are responsible for maintaining public order and safety, enforcing the law, and preventing, detecting, and investigating criminal activities. These functions are known as policing. Police are often also entrusted with various licensing and regulatory ...
Community Policing in America: Changing the Nature, Structure, and
The author considers the historical development of various models of policing, as it examines the assumptions embedded in each of these often-competing emphases. The essay goes on to review extant research on the impacts of community policing on communities, police organizations, police work, and police officers.
The Role of Policing in Modern Society
The Role of Policing in Modern Society Essay. With the change of society, people observe changes in policing as well. The development of an improved security system involves community integration with police in a struggle with violence and the achievement of a safer life. In this regard, policing in modern society focuses on community-friendly ...
The History of Policing in the US and Its Impact on Americans Today
Continuing their roles of breaking up insurgencies, policing during the Civil Rights Movement centered around riot control. As the Civil Rights Movement took place, inspiring hundreds of people to come together to demand justice, police were on the frontline of the opposing end, protecting the economic interests of America at the expense of human beings.
The Role of Police Essay
The Role of Police. People depend on police officers and detectives to protect their lives and property. Law enforcement officers, some of whom are State or Federal special agents or inspectors, perform these duties in a variety of ways, depending on the size and type of their organization. In most jurisdictions, they are expected to exercise ...
Essay on Police for Students and Children
500 Words Essay On Police. In this world, we must have laws to maintain peace. Thus, every citizen must follow these laws. However, there are some people in our society who do not follow them and break the laws. In order to keep a check on such kinds of people, we need the police. Through essay on police, we will learn about the role and ...
The Role of Police in Society Essay
The Role of Police in Society Essay. In today's society the police, play may roles. They are the peacekeepers, law enforcement and many other jobs. However, recently they have become the subject of a very heated and large debate. Many believe that the police should give up their brute type tactics for a more civilized and humanized approach ...
The Role of the State in Development
In terms of a Developmental State, this led to focus on bureaucratic strength and coherence; what matters is the relation between the state and other groups of collective individuals. In terms of Pempel's Developmental Regime, this led to a focus on socio-economic alliances as one of the legs of the tripod.
Role of The Police in Urban Society
essay delineates the role of police in society, describes the conflicts that it produces, and examines the efforts that have been made to resolve the conflicts. Abstract THOUGH THE MATERIAL IS INTRODUCTORY, AN OVERALL VIEW OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON THE POLICE IS PRESENTED FROM THEIR DEVELOPMENT AND TASKS, TO THEIR PROBLEMS, THEIR SOLUTIONS ...
39 The Role of the State in Development
Addressing the role of the state in development, this chapter seeks both to synthesize and to innovate. So vast is the literature—it runs from anthropology (e.g. Colson 1974) through international relations (e.g. Keohane 1984) and comparative politics (e.g. Kang 2002) and on to political economy (e.g. Evans 1995)—that any synthesis must of necessity be selective.
Police and its Role in the Society
Abstract. Police is an executive civil force of a state to which is entrusted the duty of maintaining public order and enforcing regulations for the prevention and detection of crime. The constant ...
Progress in Policing
A final essay analyzes the importance of research and experimentation in police work and outlines some major findings on management of the patrol function, the role of citizens in crime prevention, police strategies for crime reduction, and police productivity. Reference notes are provided for each chapter.
Police
In the USA, the development of the police followed the development of the police in England. It began as a watch system that was made up of community members who kept watch in order to warn the ...
Essay on Police: Examining Role, Challenges, and Types
Here are the essential aspects of their role: 1. Maintaining Law and Order. Enforcing Laws: Police officers enforce laws, regulations, and statutes to ensure community compliance. Crime Prevention: Through patrols, surveillance, and community engagement, police work to deter criminal activity and prevent disorder.
Essay On Policeman
Writing an essay on a policeman for classes 1, 2 and 3 will make kids understand the relevance of the role and functions of police in society. Moreover, essay writing activity lays the foundation of English grammar for kids. It improves their vocabulary and helps them structure their thoughts and put them on paper in short and simple sentences.