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Essay on Noise Pollution

Noise pollution is one of the types of pollution we face daily. Like air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution and other types, noise pollution has a major impact on our health. Atmospheric pollution is not the only pollution we go through, but noise pollution can bring destruction to our lives. According to the World Health Organization, noise pollution is a dangerous health issue. The European Environment (EEA) says noise pollution is responsible for 16,600 premature deaths in Europe alone.

A person continuously facing noise pollution can start meeting health issues and can be dangerous in the long term. Several unpleasant noise distractions can bring problems later in life.

Cities have become noisier with car honking, loudspeakers; traffic, etc. leading to noise pollution. Construction of roads, buildings, apartments and other areas are also resulting in increased noise pollution.

What is Noise Pollution?

According to the WHO, noise pollution is a noise above 65db, which can severely affect both humans and animals. A noise beyond 75 dB can be painful and will affect the person severely.

It is impossible to see the danger posed by noise pollution. On land and under the sea, you can't see it, but it still exists. Humans and other organisms can be affected adversely by noise pollution if it is an unwanted or disturbing sound.                     

A decibel is the measurement of sound. Rustling leaves (20-30 decibels) or thunderclaps (120 decibels) to the wail of sirens (120-140 decibels) are all sounds that occur naturally in the natural environment. If a person hears sounds whose decibel level reaches 85 decibels or higher, their ears can be damaged. The sounds of lawnmowers (90 decibels), trains (90 to 115 decibels), and rock concerts (110 to 120 decibels) are just a few familiar sources that exceed this threshold.

The presence of noise pollution has a daily impact on millions of people. Hearing loss caused by noise is the most common health problem caused by noise exposure. Furthermore, loud noise can also lead to health problems such as hypertension, heart disease, sleep disturbances, and stress. All age groups are susceptible to these health problems, especially children. It has been shown that children living near loud airports and busy streets suffer from stress and other problems, such as memory problems, attention difficulties, and difficulties with reading.

Animals are also adversely affected by noise pollution. Caterpillars' hearts beat faster when loud sounds are made, and bluebirds have fewer chicks when loud noises are made. There are many reasons animals utilize sound, including to navigate, locate food, attract mates, and avoid predators. The noise pollution they encounter affects their ability to accomplish these tasks, affecting their survival.

Noisy environments are not only harming animals on land, but it is also getting worse for animals in the ocean. A once tranquil marine environment has become loud and chaotic because of ships, drilling devices, sonar, and seismic surveys. The negative effects of noise pollution are felt particularly by whales and dolphins. For marine mammals, echolocation is essential for communication, navigation, feeding and mate-finding. Excessive noise can interfere with echolocation.

It is the naval sonar devices that produce the loudest underwater noise. The use of sonar works similarly to echolocation in that sound waves are sent down into the ocean and bounce off objects, returning echoes to the ship that can pinpoint the object's location. Whales' ability to use echolocation is interfered with when they hear sonar sounds, which can reach 235 decibels and travel hundreds of miles under the surface. Research has shown that sonar can make whales strand on beaches and alter the feeding behaviour of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), which are endangered. Groups representing the environment have called on the U.S. Department of Defense to discontinue or reduce sonar-based military training.

Furthermore, hydrographic surveys can cause loud explosions from inside the ocean. Deep in the water, oil and gas are found using air guns that send sound pulses onto the ocean floor. There is potential for marine animals to be harmed by the sound blasts and to suffer serious damage to their ears. Additionally, the whales may also change their behaviour as a result of this noise. 

In Spain, bioacoustics researcher Michel Andre is studying the effects of noise pollution with the help of hydrophones. He has gathered data from 22 different locations during his project, LIDO (Listening to the Deep Ocean Environment). Using computers, the lab identifies 26 different species of whales and dolphins, including sounds produced by humans. In the analysis, underwater noise will be investigated for its effect on these animals.

What causes Noise Pollution?

Although the world is turning into the use of technology, at the same time, this technology is also harmful. Industries using compressors, exhaust fans, and generators are producing a lot of noise.

Similarly, bikes and cars with old silencers produce heavy noise that can lead to pollution. Planes, heavy trucks and buses are also part of this noise pollution. Low flying aircraft, especially military ones, causes noise pollution. Similarly, submarines can cause ocean sound pollution.

How Noise Pollution affects a Person?

Noise pollution can primarily start affecting the hearing ability of the person, causing permanent hearing impairment. Furthermore, it can cause an increase in blood pressure, hypertension, and other stress-related health issues. In many cases, noise pollution can cause a disturbance in a person's state of mind, which further causes disturbance in sleep patterns, stress, aggressiveness, and other issues. The psychological health of the person can also get disturbed due to regular exposure to noise pollution.  Noise above 45 dB can disrupt the pattern of your sleep. According to the WHO, the noise level should not be more than 30db. Change in the sleep pattern can also bring change in your behaviour.

If you have pets in your home or around your area, then noise pollution can bring a negative impact on the environment. Firecrackers can bring fear in them if they are regularly exposed to them. This will also bring change in their behaviour.

Effect on Wildlife and Marine Life

Animals and marine life are vulnerable to noise pollution. It can affect their listening skills, which further affects their behaviour pattern. These animals find it hard to listen during migration, which can negatively affect their lives. When it comes to marine life, noise pollution can lead to internal damage like physical problems in them.

Measures for Noise Pollution

There are many measures taken by the government and people to reduce the effect of noise pollution. Soundproof walls and windows are now being installed in many houses. Many flyovers in cities have soundproof walls to bring down the noise level to a nearby resident from vehicles running. As responsible citizens, we must contribute towards bringing down noise pollution. Needless honking should be stopped and officials should fine people doing it heavily. Hospitals and schools are built-in silent zones.

There should be rules to avoid noise in residential and sensitive areas. People need to be aware of health hazards from noise pollution.

One of the best ways to bring down noise pollution is by planting more and more plants. This process of planting trees can help to reduce the travelling of noise from one place to another.

Noise pollution is the most common problem faced by humans, thanks to various reasons that push many people to face health issues. Following standard measures can be helpful in the long term for both humans and the environment. The ultimate aim is to bring down noise pollution for a better environment.

Noise Pollution: Impact on Human Health

There are several ways in which noise pollution can harm human health:

Having an elevated blood pressure for a long period directly results in hypertension, which is caused by noise pollution.

Hearing loss occurs whenever humans are repeatedly exposed to sounds that exceed what their eardrums can handle, resulting in permanent damage to their hearing.

To function properly at work, it is necessary to get enough sleep every night. Sleep disorders affect energy levels throughout the day. Pollution causes disturbance in sleep cycles, which in turn results in irritation and unrest.

Heart issues such as blood pressure level, stress and cardiovascular diseases can arise in a healthy individual, but a person suffering from heart disease may experience a sudden increase.

It will affect your mental health also very badly because continuously hearing the noise this much loud will pressure your eardrums and that will badly affect your brain also

FAQs on Noise Pollution Essay

1. What are the significant factors causing noise pollution?

Multiple factors can result in noise pollution. Some of these are massive honking during road traffic, construction, poor urban planning, loudspeaker and others. Furthermore, firecrackers, the noise of bands and others can also result in noise pollution.

To eliminate or decrease noise pollution, it is crucial to know their effect. This will help to create measures and work towards it.

2. How can noise pollution be controlled?

There are different ways of controlling noise pollution. Some of the measures are-

Control at Receiver's End - For those people who are working in noisy installations- they can work on ear-protection aids like earplugs, earmuffs, noise helmets, etc.

Reducing Noise from Vibrating Machine - Another way is by the noise produced from the vibrating machine by vibration damping, beneath the engine.

Planting of Trees - One of the best ways to reduce noise pollution is to plant more and more trees along roads, around hospitals and schools.

3. Who is at the risk of the health effects of noise pollution?

When it comes to the effect of noise pollution, the risk of health effects can be for any age of the person. Sound louder than 80 dB can be hazardous. Be it, kids or young adults, high decibel sound can affect ears. People who listen to headphones can face noise-induced hearing loss issues. Additionally, there is the current scenario where people are completely used to using headphones and gadgets that impact their hearing ability. Because of that, those people are more likely to experience health problems caused by noise pollution.

4. In what different ways can noise pollution cause health problems?

We can say that there are three types of pollutants:

noise from transportation

transportation

transportation, noise from the surroundings

surroundings

surroundings, and industrial noise

Noise from transportation: Traffic noise is mainly responsible for this disturbing noise, which has increased greatly since the number of vehicles has increased. Increased noise pollution causes older people to lose their hearing, headaches, and hypertension, among other diseases.

Noise from the Neighbourhood: Electronics, household utensils, etc. cause a lot of noise. Musical instruments, transistors, speakers, and others are the most common sources.

Noise from Industrial Processes: An industrial machine produces an especially loud noise due to its high intensity. A large number of studies have shown that industrial noise pollution damages hearing by 20% to 30%.

5. How does noise cause environmental pollution? What are the reasons why noise pollution must be taken seriously?

Noise pollution is caused by extreme noises generated by sources such as industry, transport, loudspeakers, etc, which adversely affect human health by causing headaches, migraines, mental imbalance, nervous breakdowns, and heart diseases.

There are numerous health hazards associated with noise. The following are some of the physical, physiological, and psychological effects of prolonged exposure to noise:

A reduction in sleep is one of the effects of repeated exposure to noise.

Noise noise, which affects human productivity and efficiency.

Taking pictures of someone invades their privacy and disturbs their peace of mind.

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Essay on Noise Pollution: 100, 300 and 500 Words

• Updated on  
• Sep 8, 2023

Noise pollution, an insidious environmental menace, refers to the excessive and undesirable sound that disrupts the tranquillity of our surroundings. Often originating from urban areas, transportation, industries, and recreational activities, noise pollution has far-reaching implications on human health and well-being. 

Prolonged exposure to high noise levels can lead to stress, sleep disturbances, hearing impairment, and even cardiovascular problems. Moreover, it disturbs the natural habitat of wildlife and affects the overall quality of life. In this blog, we will give you a 100, 300, and 500-word essay on noise pollution. 

Also Read: Essay on Global Warming

100 Words Essay on Noise Pollution

Noise pollution is a pressing environmental issue that has detrimental effects on human health and well-being. It refers to our surroundings’ excessive, unwanted, and disturbing sounds. These sounds can originate from various sources, such as traffic, industrial machinery, construction, and even recreational activities.

Exposure to high levels of noise pollution can lead to several health problems, including hearing loss, increased stress, sleep disturbances, and cardiovascular issues. Additionally, it can disrupt communication, hinder concentration, and decrease overall quality of life.

To mitigate noise pollution, it’s essential to implement sound regulations and promote noise-reducing technologies in urban planning and infrastructure development . Public awareness and responsible behaviour, such as reducing unnecessary honking and limiting loud activities during nighttime hours, also play a crucial role in combating this problem.

In conclusion, addressing noise pollution is vital for creating healthier, more livable urban environments and improving the overall well-being of communities.

Also Read: Essay on Pollution 

300 Words Essay on Noise Pollution

Noise pollution is a pervasive and often underestimated environmental issue that has a significant impact on the quality of life in urban areas. It refers to the excessive, unwanted, and disruptive sounds that fill our surroundings, leading to a wide range of physical, psychological, and social problems.

Sources of Noise Pollution

One of the primary sources of noise pollution in urban settings is traffic. The constant roar of engines, honking horns, and screeching brakes can be overwhelming. Industrial activities also contribute significantly, with the relentless hum of machinery and construction sites adding to the cacophony. In addition to these, social and recreational activities, such as concerts, parties, and even barking dogs, can add to the noise burden.

Consequences of Noise Pollution

The consequences of noise pollution are far-reaching. Physiologically, exposure to high noise levels can lead to hearing loss, elevated stress levels, and an increased risk of cardiovascular problems. It can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to chronic fatigue and irritability. Noise pollution can also impair cognitive functions and hinder concentration, impacting productivity and academic performance .

Moreover, noise pollution has social implications. It can strain relationships among neighbours, causing conflicts and reducing the sense of community. Children growing up in noisy environments may experience delays in language development and learning difficulties. Additionally, it affects wildlife, disrupting their natural habitats and communication.

How to Reduce Noise Pollution

Addressing noise pollution requires a multifaceted approach. Urban planning and zoning regulations can play a crucial role in minimizing noise exposure for residents. The development of noise barriers, quieter road surfaces, and improved public transportation can help mitigate the problem. Promoting the use of noise-reducing technologies, such as quieter machinery and better-insulated buildings, is also essential.

Individual responsibility is equally vital. Reducing unnecessary honking, limiting loud activities during nighttime hours, and using noise-cancelling headphones are practical steps individuals can take to reduce their contribution to noise pollution.

In conclusion, noise pollution poses a growing threat to urban life, affecting physical and mental health, social harmony, and overall well-being. To combat this issue effectively, a combination of government regulations, technological advancements, and individual awareness and responsibility is needed. 

500 Words Essay on Noise Pollution

Introduction.

Noise pollution encompasses unwanted and disruptive sounds generated by various sources, including transportation, industrial activities, and recreational events. 

This essay explores the causes, effects, and solutions to noise pollution, emphasizing the pressing need for collective action to mitigate its adverse impact on modern urban life.

Causes of Noise Pollution

1. Transportation: Urban areas are characterized by constant traffic flow, which is a primary source of noise pollution. The incessant rumble of engines, screeching tires, and incessant honking contribute significantly to the overall noise levels.

2. Industrial Activities: Industries and factories, often concentrated in urban zones, generate noise through the operation of heavy machinery, equipment, and manufacturing processes. Construction activities, with their bulldozers and pile drivers, are particularly notorious for their noise emissions.

3. Recreational Activities: Urban centres are hubs of entertainment and recreation, hosting concerts, sporting events, and social gatherings. These activities generate high levels of noise, especially when amplified music or cheering crowds are involved.

Effects of Noise Pollution

1. Health Implications: Prolonged exposure to high noise levels can lead to severe health problems. Hearing impairment is a common consequence, with noise-induced hearing loss being a well-documented issue. Noise pollution is also linked to increased stress, anxiety, and elevated blood pressure, which can escalate the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

2. Sleep Disturbances: Noise pollution disrupts sleep patterns, leading to chronic sleep disturbances. Poor sleep quality can result in fatigue, irritability, and decreased cognitive performance, affecting overall productivity and well-being.

3. Cognitive Impairment: Noise pollution impairs cognitive functions, making it difficult to concentrate and focus. This can hinder academic performance and reduce workplace productivity.

Solutions to Noise Pollution

1. Urban Planning: Thoughtful urban planning and zoning regulations are essential to mitigate noise pollution. Separating industrial areas from residential zones, implementing noise-buffering green spaces, and designing soundproofed buildings can significantly reduce noise exposure.

2. Noise Barriers: Erecting noise barriers along highways and busy roads can shield residential areas from traffic noise. These barriers are designed to absorb or reflect sound waves, reducing their impact.

3. Quiet Transportation: Promoting quieter modes of transportation, such as electric vehicles and hybrid engines, can substantially reduce noise pollution. Improved public transportation can also reduce the number of private vehicles on the road.

Noise pollution poses a significant threat to urban life, affecting physical and mental health, social harmony, and overall well-being. 

To effectively combat this issue, concerted efforts are required at the individual, community, and government levels. Implementing noise-reducing technologies, adopting responsible behaviour, and enacting sound urban planning policies are steps toward creating quieter, healthier, and more livable urban environments for all. 

Also Read: Essay on Sustainable Development: Format; Examples

Ans. The primary sources of noise pollution include transportation, industrial activities, and recreational events. Transportation-related noise comes from vehicles on roads, railways, and aircraft in the sky. Industrial activities generate noise through machinery, equipment, and construction. Recreational events like concerts, sporting events, and social gatherings also contribute to noise pollution.

Ans. Noise pollution can have adverse effects on human health. Prolonged exposure to high noise levels can lead to hearing loss, increased stress, anxiety, and elevated blood pressure. It can disrupt sleep patterns, resulting in chronic fatigue and irritability. Noise pollution can also impair cognitive functions, making it challenging to concentrate and focus, which can impact productivity and overall well-being.

Ans. To reduce noise pollution, several measures can be implemented. These include: 1. Urban Planning: Thoughtful urban planning and zoning regulations can separate noisy industrial areas from residential zones and incorporate green spaces to buffer noise. 2. Noise Barriers: Installing noise barriers along highways and busy roads can shield residential areas from traffic noise by absorbing or reflecting sound waves. 3. Quiet Transportation: Promoting quieter transportation options like electric vehicles and hybrid engines can reduce noise emissions.

We hope that this blog on Noise Pollution has given you some known and unknown facts and secrets about Noise Pollution.  For more amazing reads on essay writing , follow Leverage Edu. 

Aditi Gupta

A bachelors in Journalism and Mass Communication graduate, I am an enthusiastic writer. I love to write about impactful content which can help others. I love to binge watch and listen to music during my free time.

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Essay on Noise Pollution in English (150, 200, 250, 500 Words)

Here, we’ve presented essays on “Noise Pollution” in 150, 200, 250 & 500 word samples. All the essays will be helpful for students of all classes i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 & class 12.

Table of Contents

Essay on Noise Pollution in 150 Words

Introduction.

Noise pollution is a pressing issue affecting communities worldwide. It refers to excessive, disturbing, or harmful levels of noise in the environment, often caused by human activities. This essay aims to explore the causes, effects, and potential solutions to this pervasive problem.

Causes of Noise Pollution

Various human activities contribute to noise pollution. Urbanization leads to increased traffic, construction, and industrial activities, generating significant noise levels. Additionally, the widespread use of loud machinery and equipment in factories, airports, and construction sites adds to the noise burden. Moreover, social events, such as concerts and festivals, also contribute to noise pollution, disrupting the peace and tranquility of residential areas.

Effects of Noise Pollution

Exposure to high levels of noise pollution can have detrimental effects on human health. Prolonged exposure to loud noises can lead to hearing loss, stress, sleep disturbances, and even cardiovascular issues. Furthermore, noise pollution disrupts communication, concentration, and productivity, impacting overall well-being and quality of life.

In conclusion, noise pollution poses significant challenges to society, affecting both physical and mental health. Addressing this issue requires collective efforts, including stricter regulations, technological innovations, and public awareness campaigns. By taking proactive measures to mitigate noise pollution, we can create healthier and more peaceful environments for present and future generations.

Noise Pollution Essay in 200 Words

Noise pollution, a growing concern worldwide, arises from various sources and significantly impacts both human health and the environment. This essay delves into the causes, effects, and potential solutions to this pervasive problem.

Human activities such as urbanization, industrialization, and transportation are primary contributors to noise pollution. The rapid expansion of cities leads to increased vehicular traffic, construction, and industrial activities, all generating excessive noise. Furthermore, the use of loud machinery in factories and construction sites exacerbates the problem. Social events like concerts and outdoor festivals also contribute to noise pollution, disrupting the peace of residential areas.

Effects on Human Health

Exposure to high levels of noise pollution has profound effects on human health. Prolonged exposure to loud noises can result in hearing impairment, stress, sleep disturbances, and even cardiovascular problems. Chronic noise exposure negatively impacts cognitive function, communication, and overall quality of life.

Environmental Impacts

Noise pollution not only affects humans but also disrupts wildlife and ecosystems. Loud noises can disturb animal communication, migration patterns, and reproductive behaviors, leading to population declines and ecological imbalances. Marine life, particularly marine mammals like whales and dolphins, are adversely affected by underwater noise pollution from shipping and industrial activities.

In conclusion, noise pollution poses significant challenges to human health and the environment. Addressing this issue requires comprehensive strategies, including stricter regulations, technological innovations, and public education campaigns. By implementing effective measures to mitigate noise pollution, we can create healthier, more sustainable living environments for all.

Essay Writing on Noise Pollution in 250 Words

Noise pollution, often referred to as unwanted or harmful sound, has become a pervasive issue in modern society. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), environmental noise affects millions of people worldwide, with urban populations particularly vulnerable. This essay examines the causes, consequences, and potential remedies for noise pollution.

Causes and Sources

The primary sources of noise pollution include transportation, industrial activities, construction, and recreational events. In urban areas, traffic noise is a major contributor, with studies indicating that it exceeds recommended levels in many cities. Industrial machinery, such as factories and power plants, also emit high levels of noise, impacting surrounding communities. Additionally, construction projects produce significant noise during excavation, demolition, and building phases. Moreover, social gatherings, concerts, and festivals contribute to noise pollution, especially in residential areas.

Health Impacts

Exposure to excessive noise has detrimental effects on human health. Chronic noise exposure can lead to hearing loss, sleep disturbances, stress, and hypertension. The WHO estimates that environmental noise causes thousands of premature deaths annually due to cardiovascular diseases. Children exposed to noise pollution may experience learning difficulties and impaired cognitive development. Furthermore, noise-induced sleep disturbances can result in fatigue and decreased productivity, affecting overall well-being.

Environmental Consequences

Noise pollution not only affects humans but also disrupts ecosystems and wildlife. Studies have shown that noise pollution alters animal behavior, communication, and reproductive patterns. Marine mammals, such as whales and dolphins, are particularly vulnerable to underwater noise pollution, which interferes with their navigation and feeding activities. In terrestrial ecosystems, excessive noise can drive wildlife away from their natural habitats, leading to habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss.

Mitigation Strategies

To address noise pollution, a multi-faceted approach is necessary, including stricter regulations, technological innovations, and community engagement. Governments and urban planners can implement noise abatement measures, such as sound barriers, traffic management, and land use planning. Additionally, advancements in noise-reducing technologies for vehicles, machinery, and construction equipment can help mitigate noise emissions. Public awareness campaigns and education programs can promote responsible behavior and encourage noise reduction efforts at the individual level.

In conclusion, noise pollution poses significant challenges to human health, the environment, and quality of life. Addressing this issue requires coordinated efforts at the local, national, and global levels. By implementing effective mitigation strategies and fostering a culture of noise awareness and responsibility, we can create quieter, healthier, and more sustainable communities for future generations.

Writing an Essay on Noise Pollution in 500 Words

Noise pollution, an increasingly prevalent environmental problem, poses significant challenges to human health, well-being, and the ecosystem. According to a report by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), approximately 1.6 billion people worldwide are exposed to unhealthy levels of noise pollution. This essay aims to delve into the complex causes, multifaceted impacts, and potential solutions to mitigate noise pollution.

Noise pollution originates from various anthropogenic activities, including transportation, industrial operations, construction, and recreational events. In urban areas, traffic noise is a major contributor, with studies indicating that it surpasses acceptable levels in many cities globally. Industrial facilities, such as factories and power plants, emit substantial noise during their operations, affecting nearby communities. Construction activities, including drilling, hammering, and heavy machinery operation, also contribute significantly to noise pollution. Moreover, social gatherings, concerts, and outdoor events produce excessive noise, particularly in residential areas.

Exposure to high levels of noise pollution can have profound effects on human health. Chronic noise exposure is associated with various adverse health outcomes, including hearing loss, cardiovascular diseases, sleep disturbances, and mental health disorders. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that environmental noise contributes to thousands of premature deaths annually due to heart disease and stroke. Furthermore, children exposed to noise pollution may experience learning difficulties and impaired cognitive development. Noise-induced sleep disturbances can lead to fatigue, irritability, and decreased productivity, impacting overall well-being.

Noise pollution not only affects human health but also disrupts ecosystems and wildlife. Studies have shown that noise pollution alters animal behavior, communication, and reproductive patterns. Marine mammals, such as whales and dolphins, are particularly vulnerable to underwater noise pollution, which interferes with their navigation, communication, and foraging activities. Terrestrial wildlife may experience habitat fragmentation and displacement due to excessive noise levels, leading to biodiversity loss and ecological imbalances.

Economic Impacts

The economic costs of noise pollution are significant, encompassing healthcare expenditures, property devaluation, and productivity losses. According to a study by the European Commission, the economic burden of noise pollution in the European Union amounts to billions of euros annually. Healthcare costs associated with noise-induced health problems, such as hearing loss and cardiovascular diseases, place a substantial burden on public health systems. Additionally, property values in noisy areas tend to depreciate, affecting homeowners and local economies. Moreover, noise-induced productivity losses in workplaces result from decreased concentration, communication difficulties, and stress-related absenteeism.

Regulatory Framework

To address noise pollution, governments and regulatory authorities have implemented various policies and regulations. These include noise standards, zoning ordinances, and land use planning measures aimed at controlling noise emissions and protecting sensitive receptors. For instance, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States sets noise standards for vehicles, machinery, and industrial facilities to limit noise pollution. Similarly, urban planning strategies such as green buffers and sound barriers are employed to mitigate noise impacts in urban areas.

Technological Innovations

Advancements in noise-reducing technologies offer promising solutions to mitigate noise pollution. Innovations such as acoustic insulation, sound-absorbing materials, and noise-canceling devices help reduce noise emissions from transportation, industrial operations, and construction activities. Additionally, electric vehicles and hybrid engines produce lower noise levels compared to traditional combustion engines, contributing to noise reduction in urban environments.

Public Awareness and Education

Raising public awareness and fostering community engagement are essential aspects of noise pollution mitigation efforts. Education campaigns, noise awareness programs, and community outreach initiatives can empower individuals to take proactive measures to reduce noise emissions and protect their health and well-being. Moreover, promoting responsible behavior, such as minimizing noise during leisure activities and adhering to noise regulations, can contribute to creating quieter and more livable communities.

In conclusion, noise pollution is a complex and pervasive environmental problem with far-reaching impacts on human health, the environment, and the economy. Addressing this issue requires a holistic approach, integrating regulatory measures, technological innovations, and public education efforts. By implementing effective strategies to mitigate noise pollution and fostering a culture of noise awareness and responsibility, we can create healthier, more sustainable living environments for present and future generations.

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The Effects of Noise Pollution Cause and Effect Essay

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The introduction

The conclusion, works cited, noise pollution meaning.

When speaking about the effects of noise pollution, it is necessary to highlight some fundamentals of the issue. So, first of all, it should be pointed out that noise is considered to be a negative phenomenon both at physiological and psychological levels.

Generally, one is to keep in mind that noise seems to be one of the most important threats to the quality of a person’s life. The modern technological developments are recognized to be the basic reasons of noise appearance. Moreover, the effects of noise pollution are especially harmful for urban areas where industry and transportation are developed.

Some fundamentals of noise pollution

A sound pressure, which exceeds 70 dB, is recognized to be harmful for human ears. In most cases, “continuous exposure to such high level noise higher than the acceptable values can lead to a progressive loss of hearing and/or an

increase in the threshold of hearing” (Roba 2). It should be pointed out that such high sound levels are mostly associated with noise from factories, motorcycles, etc.

Noise pollution studies

The impact of noise pollution on people was also observed. For instance, those adults, who were annoyed by traffic noise (trains, air and road traffic) had hypertension; while for children, it was extremely hard to lean and to differentiate between the words under high sound levels.

Those people, who live in high traffic areas, have more health problems (higher blood pressures and lower heart pulse rates). The employees of some factories in Turkey also took part in the investigation. The results of the studies showed that approximately 50% of employees suffered from NIHL.

In other words, one is to keep in mind that noise-induced hearing loss seems to be the most widespread disease in industries. Lane is of the opinion that “Noise has numerous health effects, making noise pollution a public health concern; although, it has not been well addressed. To name a few, these effects include elevated blood pressure, noise-induced hearing loss, sleep disorders, and irritability” (1).

It is obvious that noise pollution is really a great problem, as there are not only adults, but also children who show the signs of noise-induced hearing loss. For instance, it might be noted that 15% of children (6-19 years old) in the USA suffer from NIHL.

Mental diseases, however, should also be taken into account, as certain studies have shown that children’s decreased attention, oppositional behavior, etc. mostly depended upon noise levels, which exceeded 55 dB. Certain difficulties with social adaptation because of high sound levels should not be neglected too. Isabelle Lane states that “Noise pollution via community noise also causes annoyance and disturbance among those with depression and anxiety and may make their

symptoms worse” (4). Generally, there are many unpleasant consequences, which noise pollution causes. A person’s ability to work well, his or her memory, concentration and motivation depend upon the conditions he or she works within.

The effects of noise pollution seem to be really destructive, as they deteriorate people’s quality of life. Various accidents in the workplace also occur because of noise pollution. The employees’ effectiveness and accuracy depend upon sound level they work within. Increased negative reactions are also caused by high sound levels; so, to prevent negative social and behavioral effects, one is to think about his or her hearing protection.

Lane, Isabelle. Noise Pollution, n.d. Web.

Roba, Mohammed Anis Saeed. The Effects of Noise Pollution on Arterial Blood Pressure and Heart Pulse Rate of School Children at Jenin City, 2010. Web.

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IvyPanda. (2018, November 6). The Effects of Noise Pollution. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-effects-of-noise-pollution/

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Noise Pollution Essay | Essay on Noise Pollution for Children and Students

February 13, 2024 by Prasanna

Noise Pollution Essay: Noise is unpleasant sounds that disturb us all. However, it has now become a major problem all around the world. Noise pollution refers to an unwanted and dangerous level of noise created in the environment. Also known as sound pollution, it has harmful effects on all living beings. Noise pollution has many sources, indoor and outdoor.

Noise pollution can cause many health problems such as hearing impairment, high blood pressures, and affects a person’s mental health. It also concerns an animal’s communication and hearing. Noise pollution needs to be controlled, and awareness should be spread on this invisible danger.

You can read more  Essay Writing  about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essay on Noise Pollution in English for Students and Children

Below we have provided one long essay on noise pollution of 400-500 words and one short essay on noise pollution of 200 words.

Long Essay on Noise Pollution in English 500 words

The long essay on Noise pollution is suitable for students of class 7, 8, 9, 10, and competitive exam aspirants.

Noise pollution or sound pollution refers to the dangerous and unwanted level of disturbance caused by noise. Noise is measured in decibels or dB. A sound more than 85db is said to be a damaging level of sound that, over time, can causing hearing loss. Noise pollution is a problem faced all over the world.

There are numerous sources of noise pollution. One of the primary causes is industrialization, especially in urban areas. Industries use heavy equipment such as generators, compressors, mills, etc. that make high pitched sounds that are very unpleasant and cause a disturbance. Road traffic is another major contributor to noise pollution. Increased transport of cars, motorcycles, trucks, etc. have to lead to increased noise disturbance on the road.

Construction of roads, buildings, apartments, highways, etc. uses heavy equipment such as excavators, compressors, hammers, etc. These create a lot of noise, causing disturbance to its surroundings. Poor urban planning such as congested living spaces, large families living in a small area, parking spaces, etc. causes many fights as they are competing for the same resources. The use of firecrackers during festivals is also a source of noise pollution. These crackers generate very high pitched and sudden sounds. They are contributing to noise as well as air pollution. Another source of noise pollution includes playing loud music, especially during social events like marriages. Low flying aircraft of the military also cause noise pollution. Ocean sound pollution is caused due to submarines. Other sources of noise pollution include household equipment, air conditioners, kitchen appliances, etc.

Noise pollution primarily affects a person’s hearing, leading to hearing impairment to even permanent loss of hearing. It causes an increase in blood pressure, hypertension, fatigue, and cardiovascular diseases. Noise pollution also disturbs a person’s state of mind causing disturbed sleep patterns, stress, aggressive behavior, decreased concentration, and poor quality of life. Noise disturbance is extremely dangerous to elderly people and pregnant women.

Noise pollution also affects wildlife and marine life. Animals have a more advanced hearing. Noise pollution can impact their listening skills and cause changes in their behavior, starting with a pet at home. It leads to changes in their hearing due to which their communication also becomes affected. They are unable to hear properly during migration as they require sound to find their way. Noise pollution also affects crop production. Ocean sound pollution causes internal damage such as cardiovascular problems and physical problems such as hearing impairment in marine life. They are forced to leave viable habitats.

There are noise pollution preventive measures available. Soundproof walls and windows are one way to prevent noise pollution from entering the premise. Faulty equipment must be checked and repaired regularly. Needless honking must be discouraged. Many hospitals and schools are silent zones to ensure that disturbance does not occur. Rules to prevent noise at certain hours are in place, which many governments have implemented. Using earplugs and switching off appliances when not required, can also help. Planting trees can also help as they absorb noises. International Noise Awareness Day is witnessed every year, usually on the last Wednesday of April. This day was marked on April 29 in 2020.

Short Essay on Noise Pollution in English for Kids 200 words

Noise Pollution Essay is suitable for students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Noise pollution refers to unwanted and dangerous levels of noise. Many factors cause noise pollution. Factories use big equipment that creates a lot of noise and can be disturbing. Traffic such as cars, bikes, trucks has increased on the road. These vehicles cause a lot of noise when they honk. The building of roads and apartments also causes noise pollution. When firecrackers burst, they create a lot of noise and smoke, which affects people around them. Playing loud music at weddings, kitchen appliances, ACs, etc. are sources of noise pollution.

Noise pollution is hazardous. It causes damage to the ears, and a person may not be able to hear correctly, sometimes even go deaf. It causes heart problems, lack of sleep, and cannot concentrate. It is a danger to animals. Noise pollution affects their hearing and behavior and their movements.

We need to control noise pollution. One way to prevent it is to soundproof windows and walls. Planting trees also help as trees take in the noise. Noise cannot be created near hospitals and schools. Honking should be reduced and turn off appliances when not in use. Music should not be played too loud, and we must follow the rules related to noise to make everyone live a peaceful life.

10 Lines on Noise Pollution Essay in English

These ten lines are suitable for competitive exam aspirants and while making speeches.

• Noise pollution or sound pollution refers to the dangerous and unwanted level of disturbance caused by noise.
• A sound more than 85db is said to be a damaging level of sound that, over time, can causing hearing loss.
• Noise pollution is caused by industries that use heavy equipment like compressors, generators, mills, etc. Construction of roads and buildings is also a factor.
• An increase in road traffic has also caused noise pollution due to needless honking.
• Poor urban planning causes many fights as they are competing for the same resources.
• The use of firecrackers during festivals is also a source of noise pollution.
• Noise pollution causes hearing impairment, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, fatigue, lack of sleep, and increased stress. Animals suffer behavioral changes and loss of hearing.
• Soundproofing, establishing silent zones, and rules laid down to prevent making noise are some ways to avoid noise pollution.
• Others include discouraging needless honking, turning off appliances when not in use, and planting trees as they absorb sounds.
• International Noise Awareness Day is witnessed every year, usually on the last Wednesday of April. It was celebrated on April 29 in 2020.

FAQ’s on Noise Pollution Essay

Question 1. What is the definition of noise pollution?

Answer: Noise pollution or sound pollution refers to the dangerous and unwanted level of disturbance caused by noise.

Question 2. How many decibels of sound are dangerous?

Answer: A sound more than 85db is said to be a damaging level of sound that, over time, can causing hearing loss.

Question 3. What are the significant factors that cause noise pollution?

Answer: The major factors that cause noise pollution are industries, road traffic, construction activity, and poor urban planning.

Question 4. When is International Noise Awareness Day witnessed?

Answer: International Noise Awareness Day is witnessed every year, usually on the last Wednesday of April. This day was marked on April 29 in 2020.

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• Essay On Noise Pollution

Essay on Noise Pollution

500+ words essay on noise pollution.

Noise is one of the most undesirable byproducts of the modern mechanised lifestyle. Noise is undesirable and unwanted sound that is produced by man-made sources such as construction sites, industries, transport vehicles, etc. It affects human health and well-being and also contributes to the deterioration of environmental quality. It can affect people at home, in the community, or at the workplace. This essay on noise pollution will help students to get well-versed in the definition of noise pollution and its harmful effects, and understand how it is generated and how it can be controlled. They can check out some more sample essays by visiting the CBSE Essays page at BYJU’S. Here, we have compiled essays on different topics to help students in improving their writing skills.

What is Noise Pollution?

Noise pollution is unpleasant noise created by people or machines that can be annoying, distracting and painful. Noise pollution is caused by road traffic, construction equipment, jet planes, heavy machines and trucks, manufacturing processes, etc. The main causes of noise pollution are the increasing number of vehicles, loud musical instruments, industries, urbanisation, and population explosion. But, the undisciplined lifestyle of the people is more responsible for the increase in noise pollution.

Sources of Noise Pollution

The different sources of noise pollution are:

Industrialization: Most manufacturing industries use heavy machines which produce a high level of noise. Various equipment used in industries like generators, compressors, grinding mills, exhaust fans etc also contributes to noise pollution.

Transportation: A large number of vehicles on roads, trains and aeroplanes produce high levels of noise. The high noise leads to hearing disability in people with normal hearing.

Miscellaneous Sources: Automobile repair shops, markets, schools, colleges, railway stations, bus stands etc. are some of the other sources of noise pollution.

Effects of Noise Pollution

Noise pollution can cause hearing loss. In many industries, workers work in noisy workshops and machinery such as jet aircraft. These workers soon develop hearing defects. Noisy conditions near residential areas affect the sleeping pattern of people. They could not sleep at night because of the high noise level. It can create stress-related illnesses, sleep disruption, and even high blood pressure. Noise levels in industries cause interference in efficiency and communication and raise the possibility of accidents. Thus, it makes people mentally ill.

The noise emissions caused by railways, supersonic aircraft, noise-generating vehicles etc not only harm humans but also affect the animals. It leads to miscarriage in fish and mammals. Even the birds are observed to have stopped laying eggs. Thus, animals and other living things get disturbed by noise pollution and it directly impacts the ecological balance.

Steps to Control Noise Pollution

Suitable control measures need to be adopted urgently in the areas where noise pollution is high before it is too late. Noise abatement measures like a ban on pressure horns of vehicles and the installation of noise barriers around hospitals and schools should be implemented. Some steps that we, as responsible citizens, can take are planting trees and vegetation and using earth berms. Another effective measure would be noise monitoring and control of loudspeakers at parties, weddings and functions.

The government has also taken various steps to control noise pollution. It has implemented laws and restrictions regarding noise pollution. Some of them are legislations for limiting noise levels of vehicles, planning of roadways for new projects, timing traffic lights and restricted entry of heavy vehicles in residential areas etc.

Students must have found “Essay on Noise Pollution” useful for improving their essay writing skills. They can get the study material and latest update on CBSE/ICSE/State Board/Competitive Exams, at BYJU’S.

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Essay on Ways of Reducing Noise Pollution

Students are often asked to write an essay on Ways of Reducing Noise Pollution in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Ways of Reducing Noise Pollution

Understanding noise pollution.

Noise pollution refers to harmful levels of noise that cause discomfort and harm to living beings. This problem is often overlooked but can lead to health issues like stress and sleep disorders.

Reducing Noise at Home

At home, we can reduce noise pollution by using quieter appliances, soundproofing rooms, and regulating the volume of music or television.

Community Efforts

In our communities, we can advocate for noise control regulations, promote the use of silent zones, and encourage public awareness about the harmful effects of noise pollution.

Industrial Measures

Industries can help by using noise-reducing technologies, maintaining machinery properly, and limiting the use of loud equipment to specific times.

250 Words Essay on Ways of Reducing Noise Pollution

Introduction.

Noise pollution, an often overlooked form of environmental degradation, is a growing concern in our increasingly urbanized and industrialized world. It not only affects human well-being but also has deleterious impacts on wildlife and ecosystems. To mitigate this issue, we need to adopt a multi-pronged approach.

Urban Planning

Urban planning plays a pivotal role in reducing noise pollution. City layouts should be designed to minimize noise exposure to residential areas. This could involve zoning laws that separate industrial and residential areas, or the creation of ‘quiet zones’ in urban spaces. In addition, the use of noise barriers, like walls or earth mounds, can significantly reduce noise levels.

Technological Advancements

Technological advancements offer another avenue for noise reduction. Industries can adopt quieter machinery and equipment, while vehicle manufacturers can design engines and exhaust systems to minimize noise. Additionally, the use of noise-cancelling technology in public and private spaces can help to create quieter environments.

Legislative Measures

Legislation is an effective tool in the fight against noise pollution. Governments can enact laws that set maximum permissible noise levels for different areas and times. These laws should be backed by strong enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance.

Public Awareness

Finally, public awareness is crucial. People need to understand the harmful effects of noise pollution and their role in combating it. This could involve educational campaigns, community initiatives, or individual actions like using headphones instead of speakers.

500 Words Essay on Ways of Reducing Noise Pollution

Noise pollution, an often overlooked form of environmental degradation, has profound impacts on human health and ecosystem balance. It is a byproduct of industrialization, urbanization, and modern civilization. However, its adverse effects can be mitigated through a variety of strategies. This essay explores ways of reducing noise pollution, aiming to promote a quieter, healthier, and more sustainable environment.

Public Awareness and Education

One of the first steps towards noise pollution control is raising public awareness and education. People need to understand noise pollution’s impact on health and the environment to take active measures to reduce it. This can be achieved through public campaigns, workshops, and incorporating noise pollution topics in school curriculums.

Legal and Regulatory Measures

Use of noise barriers, technological innovations.

Technological advancements can help reduce noise at its source. Industries can adopt quieter machinery and equipment, while vehicle manufacturers can design engines that produce less noise. In the construction sector, using noise-controlled tools and scheduling noisy operations for times with the least potential to disturb people can significantly cut down noise pollution.

Personal Measures

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Essay on Noise Pollution

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In the modern world, the cacophony of sounds from vehicles, industrial activities, and urban development has become a constant backdrop to our lives. This relentless barrage of noise constitutes what we know as noise pollution, an environmental and public health issue that is often overshadowed by other forms of pollution but is equally potent and destructive. This essay delves into the depths of noise pollution, unraveling its causes, impacts, and potential solutions, aiming to shed light on an issue that is powerful in its ability to affect human health, wildlife, and the environment.

Noise Pollution

Noise pollution is defined as any unwanted or harmful sound that disrupts the natural balance and creates potential harm to human and animal life. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified noise pollution as the second-largest environmental cause of health problems, just after the impact of air quality. From the incessant hum of traffic to the roar of airplanes overhead and the clamor of construction sites, noise pollution surrounds us, often so pervasive that many have become desensitized to its presence.

Causes of Noise Pollution

The sources of noise pollution are manifold and predominantly stem from urban development and human activities. Key contributors include:

• Transportation Systems: The roar of vehicles, trains, airplanes, and ships are amongst the most significant sources of noise pollution, especially in urban areas.
• Industrial and Construction Activities: Factories, construction sites, and mining operations generate substantial noise from machinery and heavy equipment.
• Urbanization: The growth of cities brings with it an increase in noise from commercial and residential areas, including sounds from electronic devices, entertainment venues, and human activities.
• Social Events: Concerts, festivals, and public gatherings can create high decibel levels, contributing to the noise landscape.

Impacts of Noise Pollution

The power of noise pollution lies in its pervasive ability to impact health and well-being, disrupt wildlife ecosystems, and contribute to societal issues.

Health Effects

Noise pollution is not merely an annoyance; it has profound health implications. Exposure to high levels of noise can lead to:

• Hearing Loss: Prolonged exposure to noise levels above 85 decibels can cause permanent hearing damage.
• Stress and Cardiovascular Issues: Noise acts as a stressor, triggering the release of stress hormones. Chronic exposure is linked to increased risks of high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke.
• Sleep Disturbances: Noise can interrupt sleep patterns and reduce sleep quality, leading to insomnia and other sleep disorders.
• Cognitive Impairment: In children, noise pollution can hamper learning and memory, affecting academic performance and cognitive development.

Environmental and Wildlife Effects

Noise pollution extends its reach beyond human health, affecting the natural world in profound ways.

• Disruption of Wildlife: Animals rely on sound for communication, navigation, and predator-prey interactions. Noise pollution can interfere with these essential behaviors, leading to adverse effects on reproduction, feeding, and migration patterns.
• Ecosystem Imbalance: Excessive noise can alter the natural habitat, causing an imbalance in predator-prey dynamics and affecting biodiversity.

Societal and Economic Impacts

The repercussions of noise pollution also ripple through society and the economy, manifesting as:

• Decreased Productivity: Noise can distract and reduce efficiency, affecting workplace productivity and learning environments.
• Property Value Decline: Areas subjected to high levels of noise, such as those near airports or highways, often see a decrease in property values.
• Increased Healthcare Costs: The health issues associated with noise pollution lead to higher healthcare expenditures for individuals and governments.

Mitigating Noise Pollution

Addressing the issue of noise pollution requires a multifaceted approach, involving policy, technology, and community engagement.

Policy and Regulation

Effective noise pollution management starts with stringent regulatory frameworks that limit noise levels in residential, commercial, and industrial areas. Implementing noise standards for vehicles and machinery, along with zoning laws that separate residential areas from noisy industrial zones, are critical steps.

Technological Innovations

Advancements in technology offer promising solutions to reduce noise pollution. Quieter road surfaces, noise barriers, soundproofing materials in buildings, and the development of electric vehicles can significantly lower noise levels.

Community Engagement and Awareness

Raising awareness about the impact of noise pollution and promoting community involvement in noise reduction initiatives are essential. Simple actions, such as choosing quieter appliances, respecting noise ordinances, and planting trees to serve as natural sound barriers, can make a difference.

In conclusion, Noise pollution is an insidious force with the power to affect human health, disrupt wildlife, and impact societal well-being. Recognizing the seriousness of this issue is the first step towards mitigating its effects. Through a combination of policy intervention, technological innovation, and community action, we can attenuate the impact of noise pollution. By addressing this unseen power, we not only improve our quality of life but also protect the environment and ensure the health and well-being of future generations. In the fight against noise pollution, silence truly is golden.

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Essay on Noise Pollution for Students in 1000 Words

In this article, we have published an Essay on Noise Pollution for Students in 1000 Words with Its Facts, Causes, Effects, and Control Steps.

Table of Contents

Essay on Noise Pollution (1000 Words)

Due to the improvement of technology, Sound pollution is increasing day by day, and it is becoming a major threat to Human Survival.

What Is Noise Pollution? (Introduction)

Since Thirty years, the world has been facing a deadly menace for physical and mental health, resulting in the malfunction of the same human body areas. Major Causes are Air Transport, Rail Transport, Road Transport, Starting the Trucks, hard music and Harley Davidson Bikes.  

Facts about Noise Pollution

Causes of noise pollution, effects of noise pollution.

Some major effects were briefed as under- .

How to Control Noise Pollution?

To reduce Noise pollution, we must create vegetation buffer zones in different parts of the city. There is an urgent need to form legislation to control Sound pollution and educate through Radio, T.V., and Newsreels in cinemas about Noise Pollution.

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Essay on noise pollution: sources, effects and prevention.

Essay on Noise Pollution: Sources, Effects, Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution!

The word ‘Noise’ is derived from the Latin word ‘nausea’ which means feeling of sickness at the stomach with an urge to vomit. The term noise may be defined in a number of ways.

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For example:

(i) In acoustic, noise is defined as unwanted, unpleasant and annoying sound.

(ii) Noise is defined as unwanted, unpleasant, disagreeable sound that causes discomfort.

(iii) Noise is defined as the wrong sound, in the wrong place at the wrong time.

(iv) Noise is the sound incidental to our civilization and is without agreeable musical quality.

It is seen that a particular sound which is musical to some­one, may be noise to another. However, if the sound is loud and it prolongs for a longer period of time, it becomes noise for all. (The technological advancements such steam engines, diesel en­gines, jet engines, industrial machinery, traffic noise of moving trucks, buses, cars, and automobiles with blow horns, etc. are polluting the atmosphere with their continuous noise.

So, now a day’s noise is considered as a component of environmental pol­lution having a potential to cause hazards to human health and communication.) It may be noted that sound is a pure tone, harmonically related, occurring at regular intervals and producing meaning full communication whereas noise is a complex mixture of a number of pure tones of varying frequencies and amplitudes.

Noise pollution may be defined in a number of ways:

(i) According to Odum, noise pollution is the unwanted sound dumped into environment without regard to the adverse effect it may have.

(ii) Noise pollution may be defined as any unwanted elec­tromagnetic signal (sound) that produces a jarring or dis­pleasing effect and which interferes with human com­munication, comfort and health.

(iii) According to Ambast (1988), noise pollution is caused when the loudness of the sound becomes irritating or unbearable.

(iv) Noise pollution also refers to perturbations which inter­fere in the communication systems.

The unit of sound intensity is decibel (dB). The sound inten­sity from 0 to 100 dB is pleasant but when the sound intensity exceeds 120 dB, it causes noise. Sound intensity of 130 dB is the upper limit of the threshold of hearing and beyond this, is the threshold of pain which may cause damage to car and leading to hearing impairment. So, sound of more than 130 dB causes noise pollution.

1. Sources of Noise Pollution :

Noise may originate either from natural sources or from anthropogenic activities. The natural sources of noise include thunder, cyclone, roaring of sea, etc. The manmade noise are mechanized automobiles, industries, trains, aero planes, social functions etc. It may be noted that the manmade noise is now doubling after every decade.

Broadly speaking, the noise may be classified into:

(1) Transport noise;

(2) Industrial noise; and

(3) Neighborhood noise.

1. Transport noise:

The main threat of noise comes from transport sector. The transport noise includes road traffic noise, rail traffic noise and aircraft noise.

(a) Road traffic noise:

The chief causes of road traffic noise are the number of road vehicles and their high traffic speed. Faster moving vehicles produce high noise from their gear box, exhaust system, vibrations from their body, etc.

(b) Rail traffic noise:

The noise from rail traffic is compara­tively lower than that from road traffic. Introduction of diesel engines or electrical engines has reduced the in­tensity of rail traffic noise which was previously shown by steam engine. Besides use of welded tracks and im­proved coach suspension have contributed to the reduc­tion in railways noise,

(c) Aircraft noise:

Larger and faster aircrafts produce high noise intermittently during takeoff, landing and during flight. Noise generates from compressor and turbine and near jet exhaust. Jet engines create most noise around a radius of 16 km. Sonic boom is an important aspect of aircraft noise. Sonic boom occurs when an aircraft flies supersonically overhead.

(2) Industrial noise:

The different machines of numerous industries, factories and mills produce a lot of high intensity sounds causing noise pollution. Some industrial processes like weaning, ship building, boiler making, pressing and blasting op­erations are more nosier than others.

The operations in pneu­matic drills, milling machines, cutters, printing press with an up­ward, downward and sideways movement and vibrations, cause lowering of hearing capacity to a large extent.

The noise pollution is further magnified due to the installation of industries in com­pact places. For example, the workers near the heavy industrial blowers in steel industry are exposed to sound of 112dB for eight hours and hence suffer from occupational pollution. Some typi­cal industrial noise levels are given in table 10.1.

Table 10.1: Some Typical Industrial Noise Levels

3. Neighborhood noise:

This type of noise includes antisocial activities of neighbors like using of loud TV, stereo, radio sets, jazz music, fireworks parties, playing of children, bark­ing of dogs, neighborhood brawls out of intoxication and indus­trial neighborhood noise etc. The machines used in house con­struction like concrete mixes, vibrators, bulldozers, heavy diesel lorry, building demolition activities also add to the noise pollu­tion.

The central pollution board (India) has prescribed permissible sound levels for cities, divided into four zones as given in table 10.2.

Table 10.2: Permissible Sound Levels As Prescribed By Cen­tral Pollution Control Board.

2. Effects of Noise Pollution :

Noise is air-borne mechanical energy striking the human eardrum. A sound of 65dB is the noise level for con­versation heart at a distance of one meter. A sound of 125dB (A) gives the sensation of pain in the ear and 150dB (A) might kill a human being. If a noise of 90dB in the mid-frequency range reaches the ear for more than few minutes, then the sensitivity of the ear is reduced.

The various effects of noise pollution on human beings may be classified in to two categories:

(1) Auditory effects; and

(2) Non-auditory effects.

1. Auditory effects:

The impairing of hearing which may cause immediate auditory fatigue finally leading to deafness is known as auditory effects.

2. Non-auditory effects:

These effects include interference with speech communication, annoyance leading to ill-temper, bick­ering, mental disorientation, violent behavior and a series of health hazards.

In addition to serious loss of hearing, noise also causes patho­logical (or psychological), non-pathological (or physiological) and vibrational disorders.

(a) Pathological disorder:

(i) Exposure to high frequencies or ultrasonic sound above the audible range damages inner ear and induces nau­sea and dizziness in man.

(ii) Exposure to mid-audible frequency affects brain and nerv­ous system having significant impact on thinking and coordination of limbs.

(iii) Moderate vibration can lead to pain, numbness and cyanosis (blue coloration) of Fingers.

(iv) Severe vibration results in damage to bones and joints in the hands with swelling and stiffness.

(v) Exposure to low frequency noise can reduce heart beat, variation in blood pressure and breathing difficulties.

(b) Non-pathological disorders:

These disorders are mainly seen in industries and other establishments which result in lower efficiency, reduced work rate, increased absenteeism and a higher potential for accidents and injuries. Noise also disturbs sound sleep of old people. Children exposed to excessive noise show signs of behavioral disorder which in later age manifest them­selves in destructive nature.

(c) Vibration (physical vibration) disorder and Reynaud’s phenomenon:

(i) Noise from constant vibrations of hand tools like the hammer or drilling instrument creates ‘dead hands’ or ‘white fingers’ which is known as Reynaud’s pheno­menon.

(ii) Noise from moderate vibrations causes pain, numbness, and cyanosis.

(iii) Noise from severe vibrations causes damage to bones, joints with swelling and stiffness.

Some of the important effects of noise pollution are outlined as given below:

1. It causes contraction of blood vessels, makes the skin pale leads to excessive secretion of adrenaline hormone into blood thereby inducing high blood pressure.

2. It may cause damage to heart, brain, kidney and liver.

3. It induces contraction of muscles which ultimately leads to nervous breakdown, tension and even insanity.

4. It induces anxiety, stress and fright which in turn causes increased heart beat, constriction of blood vessels, dilation of pupil of eye etc. by modulating the hormone content in blood.

5. It damages some part of auditory system thereby causing the impairment of hearing.

6. Excessive noise causes thickening of blood and changes in breathing amplitude.

7. It is responsible for disturbing the entire biological system. For example, the internal wreckage caused by the roar of a jet engine includes gastric ulcer and thymus gland atrophy.

8. It causes irritation, dissatisfaction, disinterest and affects work efficiency.

9. Sudden and explosive sounds cause cracks in buildings and breaking of window doors and glasses.

10. It causes chronic headache and irritability thereby reducing work efficiency.

11. It brings about changes in the behavioral aptitude of birds and animals. For example, noise pollution discourages the annual visit of migratory birds to Alipore Zoo of Kolkata.

12. It interferes with communication systems. For example, sometimes it becomes necessary to raise the volume of our TV set or radio to overcome the impact of external noise.

The detrimental effects of noise with different intensity on human beings are shown in Table 10.3.

Permissible Noise Levels (Control) :

We have already discussed the sources of noise of different in­tensity and their hazardous impact on living organisms particu­larly on man. Still we work and live in the environment where the noise level is not optimum. Thus it is rightly told by Robert Koch that noise pollution is a slow agent of death. The peoples work­ing in areas where the intensity of noise is comparatively higher suffer from progressive hearing loss, physiological (health) and psychological hazards including tension. The maximum permissible noise levels at different situations are summarised in Table 10.4.

3. Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution :

Noise produced from different sources has created a catastrophe to the entire living world specially to man. Hence, necessary steps should be taken to minimise the level of noise thereby protecting the living world from its detrimental effects.

Few methods of minimising noise pollution are discussed below:

(1) Industrial noise pollution control:

The level of noise pollution due to industries can be lowered down by adopting the following techniques:

(a) Use of improved technique:

The noise at source can be reduced by replacing noise producing machines with suitable improved technique. For example, the noise from exhaust fans can be decreased either by increasing the number of blades or by decreasing the rotational speed.

(b) Sound proofing:

An insulating material may be applied on the noise producing machinery and equipment’s which causes sound proofing.

(c) Transmission control:

The level of noise can be mini­mised by covering the walls of the room by sound ab­sorber (e.g. acoustic tiles), introducing gaskets around the doors and windows, sealing all the outlets and putting carpet, drapery and acoustic materials inside the room.

(d) Creation of green vegetation cover:

Plants and trees should be planted along highways, streets and indus­trial areas because the vegetation covers absorb and dis­sipate sound energy and acts as a buffer zone.

(e) Using protective devices:

The use of ear plugs or ear muffs or even cotton balls by the worker in the industry can protect them from hazardous effects of noise pollu­tion.

(f) Operations in open space:

Noisy industrial operations should be conducted at open spaces far off from resi­dential areas.

(g) Use of Building codes:

Certain codes should be en­forced which require sound proofing in the construction of industries, buildings and apartments.

2. Community noise control:

The community noise control includes minimization of noise from air traffic, transport system, building constructions etc. The noises from the above sources can be lowered by adopting the following procedures:

(a) The air traffic noise can be reduced either by suitable technique or by zoning the area around the airport and not allowing for the construction of houses or indus­tries within 10 meters of the airport.

(b) The road traffic noise includes tyre noise, engine intake noise, exhaust noise, aerodynamic noise, noise from blowing of horns etc. Such type of noise pollution can be controlled by incorporating silencers in vehicles, main­taining speed limit prescribed for the vehicle and ban­ning air horns.

(c) The loudspeakers, radio and music system should be operated at threshold intensity so that the noise level should not be hazardous to living organisms.

(d) Public awareness should be created to educate the com­mon man about the harmful effects of noise pollution, through radio, television, newspapers etc.

(e) The noise can be reduced by introduction of new regula­tions which mainly include lowering speed limits and designing for non-stop operation.

(f) Stringent laws should be implemented to control noise pollution. For example Motor Vehicle Act of India pro­vides restrictions on heavy vehicles using double sirens while passing through populated areas.

(g) The laying of ballast less tracks reduces the noise level due to railways.

(h) The noise pollution can best be controlled by promo­ting education and research.

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Noise Pollution

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Home — Essay Samples — Entertainment — Voice — Voice Pollution: Unheard Consequences of Noise Pollution

Voice Pollution: Unheard Consequences of Noise Pollution

• Categories: Pollution Voice

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Published: Sep 16, 2023

Words: 602 | Page: 1 | 4 min read

Table of contents

Sources of voice pollution, effects of voice pollution, addressing voice pollution.

• Transportation: Traffic noise from cars, trucks, trains, and airplanes is a major contributor to voice pollution, especially in urban areas.
• Industrial Activities: Factories, construction sites, and manufacturing facilities generate significant noise levels that can affect nearby communities.
• Recreational Activities: Recreational pursuits like loud music, sports events, and fireworks can produce noise pollution, particularly in residential areas.
• Public Gatherings: Large gatherings, protests, and events often involve amplified sound systems, contributing to noise pollution in certain locations.
• Household Appliances: Everyday appliances such as lawnmowers, vacuum cleaners, and power tools can create noise pollution in residential areas.
• Hearing Damage: Prolonged exposure to high noise levels can lead to hearing impairment or loss, affecting the overall quality of life.
• Stress and Anxiety: Noise pollution can elevate stress levels and contribute to anxiety, potentially leading to mental health issues.
• Sleep Disturbance: Loud noises during nighttime can disrupt sleep patterns, resulting in sleep deprivation and related health problems.
• Communication Challenges: Excessive noise makes it difficult to communicate effectively, leading to misunderstandings and reduced social interactions.
• Health Issues: Voice pollution has been linked to increased risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, including high blood pressure and heart problems.
• Environmental Impact: Wildlife can also suffer from voice pollution, as it disrupts their habitats, breeding patterns, and communication.
• Public Awareness: Raising awareness about the harmful effects of noise pollution is crucial. Individuals can make a difference by understanding the issue and taking steps to reduce their own noise contributions.
• Community Planning: Urban planners and policymakers can incorporate noise-reducing measures into city planning, such as green spaces and noise barriers.
• Regulations: Governments can implement and enforce noise regulations that set limits on acceptable noise levels and quiet hours in residential areas.
• Technology: Innovations in noise-reducing technologies, soundproofing materials, and quieter transportation options can help mitigate noise pollution.
• Education: Schools and educational institutions can teach students about the importance of noise reduction and responsible noise behavior.
• Community Engagement: Encouraging dialogue between community members and industries can lead to noise reduction strategies that benefit all parties.

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Environmental Pollution [Environmental Studies Notes BCOM/BA/BSC 2nd SEM CBCS Pattern]

Unit 5: environmental pollution (8 lectures), environmental studies notes for ba, b.com and bsc cbcs pattern.

• Environmental pollution: types, causes, effects and controls; Air, water, soil and noise pollution

• Nuclear hazards and human health risks

• Solid waste management: Control measures of urban and industrial waste.

• Pollution case studies – Bharalu river, Deepor Beel, Kolong river

**************

Table of Contents

Soil Pollution

Land is an important component of environment because soil is vital for the substances of life on earth. An inch of soil takes about 500 to 1000 years to be build. It is estimated that the total surface area of earth is 3,15,14,640 square km out of which only about one third is land surface. It is a resource for which there is no substitute. So, it becomes necessary to protect soil from pollutants.

Soil pollution can be more dangerous than other types of pollution. Soil pollution is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals (pollutants or contaminants) in soil, in high enough concentrations to pose risk to human health and ecosystem. Soil pollution is the adverse alternation in the properties of the soil due to dumping of solid and semi-solid waste from agriculture, industry and urban areas. It also results because of washing down of pollutants by rain and faulty sanitation in the soil.

Sources of Soil Pollution

a) Agrochemicals: The application of inorganic fertilisers to crop lands and the use of toxic insecticides, pesticides, fungicides etc. for controlling diseases have an adverse impact of soil.

b) Industrial waste: The rapid growth of industries has resulted in the release of a lot of industrial waste on the land surface. The quality of those wastes depends on the types of raw materials and chemicals used in the industries. The toxic chemicals are absorbed by the green plants along with the nutrients and enter into the food chain and finally reaching the human being causing health hazards.

c) Domestic Garbage: Plastics are mainly used as packing materials which are normally thrown away as garbage. This garbage is pile up at public places which creates disposal problem.

d) Petroleum wastes: Contamination of soil by petroleum products is a major cause of soil pollution in several countries in the world.

e) Electric Waste: Electronic waste like cell phones, computers, gadgets, printers, radio, camera, video games, scanners, DVDs, Land phones etc. are non-biodegradable waste which is generally dumped in soil.

Measures to Control Soil Pollution

Since soil is vital for life, these should be protected from pollution. Some important measures to control soil pollution are:

a) Agro-chemicals should be used with caution in the field. Organic manure should be used instead of agro-chemicals.

b) Use of bio-fertilizers should be encouraged instead of chemical fertilizers.

c) Industrial effluents should be properly treated before discharging them on the soil. The effluents released should be subjected to proper treatment before their release into land mass.

d) The garbage produced should be dumped in closed chamber.

e) Adequate latrine facility should be provided in rural and urban areas.

f) Public awareness programmes should be implemented to educate people on health hazards due to soil pollution. Prevention of erosion and silting.

g) People should be trained regarding proper sanitary practices.

h) Application of pesticides should be controlled.

i) Bioremediation can be adopted for degradation of toxic chemicals present in soil.

Effects of Soil Pollution

a) Industrial wastes consist of a variety of chemicals which are extremely toxic. Chemical like acids, alkalis, pesticides, heavy metals etc. affect soil fertility and ultimately affect human health.

b) Nitrogen and phosphorus from the fertilizers in soil reach nearby water bodies with agricultural run-off and cause eutrophication.

c) Excess use of chemical fertilizers may result in reducing the ability of plants to fix nitrogen.

d) Pollutants in soil cause alteration in soil structure, causing death of many soil organisms which can affect the food chain.

e) Decline in the microorganisms found in the soil creating additional problems of soil erosion.

f) Contamination of underground and surface drinking water.

Water Pollution

Water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource that exists on our planet. It is essential for the survival of any form of life. Lakes, rivers, seas and groundwater are the main source of water. Water pollution  is the  pollution  of bodies of  water , such as lakes, rivers, seas, the oceans, as well as groundwater. It occurs when  pollutants reach these bodies of  water , without treatment. Waste from homes, factories and other buildings are main pollutant of the  water  bodies.

Sources of Water Pollution:  

a) Domestic wastes if they are not properly treated and released into water bodies cause serious water pollution.

b) Industrial wastes such as Toxic chemicals, acids, alkalis, metallic salts, phenols, cyanides are released into water bodies causes thermal pollution of water.

c) Agricultural pollutants such as excessive nutrients, ammonia and nitrates, pathogens, antibiotics and hormones.

d) Run off from urban areas such as rainfall and snowmelt can wash natural and man-made pollutants into rivers, lakes, wetlands, and coastal waters.

e) Oil pollution

f) Radioactive waste produced during industrial, medical and scientific processes.

Effects of Water Pollution

Domestic and hospital sewage contain many undesirable pathogenic microorganisms, and its disposal into a water without proper treatment may cause outbreak of serious diseases, such as, amoebiasis dysentery, typhoid, jaundice, cholera, etc. Metals like  lead, zinc, arsenic, copper, mercury  and  cadmium in industrial waste waters adversely affect humans and other animals. Some of the serious effects of water pollution are listed below:

a) Drinking contaminated water causes health problems like cancer, reproductive problems, typhoid fever, stomach sickness and skin rashes in humans.

b) Excess fluoride in water causes defects in teeth and bones called fluorosis, while arsenic can cause significant damage to the liver and nervous system.

c) Oil spills in the water cause animals to die when they ingest or encounter it.

d) Excess radioactive materials in water cause genetic mutations, birth defects and cancer.

e) Excess sediments in water cause cloudiness reducing photosynthetic ability, which disrupts the aquatic food chain.

Control of water pollution

a) The first and most important step in controlling water pollution is to Increase public education and awareness around the world concerning the causes and impacts of water pollution.

b) Government initiatives like Swachh Bharat Mission helps in reducing domestic wastes.

c) Setting up effluent treatment plants to treat waste water.

d) Laws, standards and practices should be established to prevent water pollution and these laws should be modified from time to time based on current requirements and technological advancements.

e) Planting more trees will reduce the amount of sulphur dioxide and nitric oxide.

f) Industrial plants should be based on recycling operations as it helps prevent disposal of wastes into natural waters but also extraction of products from waste.

g) Thermal pollution can be reduced by employing techniques like cooling ponds, wet/dry cooling towers etc.

Air Pollution

We all breathe in air, we can feel, and even smell the air and say whether it is fresh or stale. The pollution in air may not be noticed until we see smoke coming out from some source. All human activities from cooking at home to activities in highly mechanized industries contribute to air pollution.

The World Health Organization defines air pollution as “the presence of materials in the air in such concentration which are harmful to man and his environment.”

In Simple words, it is the occurrence or addition of foreign particles, gases and other pollutants into the air which have an adverse effect on human beings, animals, vegetation, buildings, etc.

Air Pollutants

Pollutants are classified into primary and secondary pollutants.

Primary pollutants: they are emitted into the atmosphere directly from the source and retains the same chemical form. Examples are carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, suspended particulate matter(SPM).

Secondary pollutants: they are formed by the inter mingling and reactions of primary pollutants. Examples are photochemical smog, acid rain, PAN etc.

Sources and causes of Air Pollution

The sources of air pollution are classified into two groups: Natural and Man- made sources.

(a) Natural sources:

1)     Volcanic eruption: releasing poisonous gases like SO2, H2S, CO etc.

2)    Forest fires: Very large quantities of smoke and particulate matter are liberated during their breakout.

3)     Decomposition of organic and inorganic substances: Methane gas, carbon dioxide is released into the air.

4)     Dust: Dust is always present in the atmosphere in varying amount.

(b) Manmade sources:

1)    Deforestation.

2)     Burning of fossil fuels.

3)     Emission from vehicles.

4)     Rapid industrialization.

5)     Modern agricultural practices.

Effects of Air Pollution

Air pollution is very dangerous for health. Some of the adverse effects of air pollution are given below:

1. Air pollution affects our respiratory system and causes breathing difficulties.

2. Diseases such as bronchitis, asthma, lung cancer, tuberculosis and pneumonia caused due to air pollution.

3. Increased concentration of carbon dioxide in atmosphere causes global warming.

4. Air pollution causes acid rain which damages crop plants, trees and buildings. It also makes the soil acidic.

5. Ozone layer depletion due to air pollution which allows ultraviolet radiation to reach the earth. Such radiation causes various skin and eye diseases.

6. Excess nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere results in respiratory problems and bronchitis.

Measures to Control Air Pollution

Air pollution can control from the following points:

1. A raw material for feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting.

2. Better designed equipment and smokeless fuels should be used in houses and industries. Less polluting fuels should be used.

3. Growing plants capable of fixing carbon monoxide. Example: Phaseolus vulgaris, Daucus carota.

4. Growing plants capable of metabolizing nitrogen oxides and other gaseous pollutants. Example: Vitis, Pimis, Pyrus etc.

5. Use of non-conventional sources of energy should be encouraged.

6. Use of public transport to control fuel consumption.

7. Automobiles should be properly maintained and adhere to emission control standards.

8. Proper Environmental Impact Assessment for any developmental work must be done.

Environmental Studies  MCQs  Multiple Choice Questions and Answers

➡ Top 100 Environmental Studies MCQs

Environmental Studies  Chapterwise  Notes

➡ Unit 1: Introduction to Environmental Studies

➡ Unit 2: Ecosystems

➡ Unit 3: Natural Resources: Types, Renewable and Non-renewable Resources

➡ Unit 4: Biodiversity and Conservation (Available in DTS App – Only for Members)

➡ Unit 5: Environmental Pollution

➡ Unit 6: Social Issues and the Environment

➡ Unit 7: Environmental Policies & Practices

➡ Unit 8: Human Communities and the Environment

➡ Unit 9: Field work

Environmental Studies  Question Papers 

➡ Dibrugarh University 2022

➡ Gauhati University 2022

➡ Assam University 2019   2021

➡ Kolkata University (Coming Soon)

Environmental Studies  Solved Question Papers    

Noise pollution.

Noise is one of the most pervasive pollutant. A musical clock may be nice to listen during the day, but may be an irritant during sleep at night. Noise by definition is “sound without value” or “any noise that is unwanted by the recipient”.

Noise in industries such as stone cutting and crushing, steel forgings, loudspeakers, shouting by hawkers selling their wares, movement of heavy transport vehicles, railways and airports leads to irritation and an increased blood pressure, loss of temper, decrease in work efficiency, loss of hearing which may be first temporary but can become permanent in the noise stress continues. It is therefore of utmost importance that excessive noise is controlled.

Noise level is measured in terms of decibels (dB). W.H.O. (World Health Organization) has prescribed optimum noise level as 45 dB by day and 35 dB by night. Anything above 80 dB is hazardous.

Causes and Sources of Noise Pollution

There are several sources of noise that contribute to both indoor and outdoor noise pollution which are listed below:

a) Cutting and Crushing in Industries/ Factories.

b) M ovement of heavy transport vehicles, railways and airports etc.

c) Sound generated during Construction activities.

d) Household chores such as washing and cleaning.

e) Playing of loud speakers during festivals/ social events and also hearing loud music in home.

f) Fire crackers burning during festivals and celebrations.

g) Microphones, Television and radio run in loud voice.

h) Loudspeakers in religious places.

h) Some noises are also caused by nature which are called a tmospheric noise which arises due to spurious radio frequency waves due to lightning and other natural disturbances occurring in the atmosphere. Natural phenomena like lightning, thunder, volcanic eruption, earthquake, sound of the ocean waves, etc.

Effects of Noise Pollution

a) Hearing Problems: Exposure to noise can damage one of the most vital organs of the body, the ear.

b) Poor Cognitive Function: With regular exposure to loud noise, the ability to read, learn and understand decreases significantly over time.

c) Serious diseases: High noise pollution can cause high blood pressure and loss of temperament.

d) Sleep disorders – exposure to noise reduces duration of sleep, diminish quality of sleep, Psychic disorders.

e) Wild life issues – noise bring about changes in the behavioural aptitude of birds and animals. They become inefficient in hunting and hence disturb the balance of ecosystem.

Thermal Pollution

The excessive heat dissipated into air or water from the industries increases the temperatures of the entire ecosystem and hence causes thermal pollution. Industrial waste and heat not only causes widespread climatological changes but also it can cause the damage of aquatic and terrestrial life. The effect of thermal pollution is more prominently marked in aquatic system.

The industries like iron and steel plants, petroleum refineries, nuclear reactor, electronic power plants etc. use large amount of water for cooling purposes. The water carries a lot of heat which when released into nearby bodies leads to thermal power pollution. Such an increase in temperature of the aquatic bodies by 8 to 10 degree celcius becomes injuries to the aquatic life.

When an increase in temperature of the aquatic body affects and disrupts the normal activities of the aquatic living organisms, the process is known as thermal pollution.

Sources of Thermal Pollution

a) Nuclear reactor

b) Industrial Wastes

c) Hydro-electric Power Plant

d) Thermal Power

e) Domestic Sewage

Effects of thermal pollution

Thermal pollution affects the living organism in the following ways:

a) It reduces the dissolved oxygen content of water.

b) It changes the characteristics properties of water.

c) It influences reproductive cycle, digestion rate, respiration rate and many enzymatic activities of living organism.

d) It favours the growth of certain bacteria and pathogens.

e) The egg of fish may hatch early or fail to hatch at all.

f) Thermal pollution results in low dissolved oxygen levels thereby perishing aquatic organisms.

Measures to Control Thermal Pollution

1. Colling of Pond’s water is the simplest and cheapest method to control thermal pollution.

2. Plantation of trees upon the banks of rivers, seas and other water bodies. Trees not only help in controlling thermal pollution but also aid in a better environment.

3. Creating artificial lakes for cooling of ponds.

4. Recycling of used water of factories.

5. Co-generation of heat from hot water and used in different tasks of industries.

Solid Waste Management

Industrialization across the world has brought a lot of good as well as bad things as well. One of the negative effects of industrialization is the creation of solid waste and consequent environmental degradation.

According to Britannica, “Solid-waste management is the collecting, treating and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to the outbreaks of vector-borne disease”

Human and animal activities generate different kinds of wastes. These wastes are generally in solid form, and may cause pollution of land, water and air unless treated and disposed off. The process of collection, transportation, treatment and disposal can be grouped under solid waste management. The increase in the quantity of solid waste is due to overpopulation, affluence and technological advancement.

Bad effects of solid wastes

a) Open dumps are malodorous places in which disease carrying vermins such as rats and files proliferate.

b) Methane gas is released into the surrounding air due to decomposition of solid wastes by the micro-organisms.

c) Hazardous materials dissolved in this liquid contaminate underground water and solid strata.

d) The leachate consisting of a variety of chemical constituents’ seeps and pollute the ground water.

e) Absence of landfill lingers aggravate the problem furthermore.

Types of Solid Waste

Solid wastes (waste which are neither liquid nor gaseous) can be classified into:

a) Urban or municipal wastes

b) Industrial wastes

Sources of Urban Waste

– Domestic wastes: It includes a variety of materials thrown out from homes.

– Food waste, Cloth, Waste paper, Glass bottles, Polythene bags, Waste metals, plastic containers, scrap, paints etc.

– Commercial wastes: It includes wastes coming out from shops, markets, hotels, offices, institutions, etc.

– Waste paper, packaging material, cans, bottle, polythene bags, etc.

– Construction wastes: It includes wastes of construction materials. • Wood, Concrete, Debris, etc.

– Horticulture waste and waste from slaughter houses include vegetable parts, residues and remains of slaughtered animals, respectively.

– Biomedical wastes: It includes mostly waste organic materials

– Anatomical wastes, Infectious wastes, glass bottles, plastic, metal syringe, etc.

– Mining waste: A large amount of solid waste is released from the mining activities. The increase in solid waste is due to overpopulation, affluence and technological advancement.

Sources of Industrial Waste

The main source of industrial wastes are chemical industries, metal and mineral processing industries.

– Nuclear plants: Generate radioactive wastes

– Thermal power plants: Produce solid waste in the form of fly ash 3

– Chemical Industries: Produce large quantities of hazardous and toxic materials.

– Other industries: Other industries produce packing materials, rubbish, organic wastes, acid, alkali, scrap metals, rubber, plastic, paper, glass, wood, oils, paints, dyes, etc.

Measures to Control Solid Waste

i) Sanitary Landfill: This is the most popular solid waste disposal method used today. Disposing of waste in a landfill involves burying the waste, in abandoned or unused places. In this method garbage is spread out in thin layers, compacted and covered with clay, sand or plastic liner. The liners protect the ground water from being contaminated. When the landfill is full, it is covered with layers of sand, clay, top soil and gravel to prevent seepage of water.

ii) Incineration : It is the hygienic way of disposing solid waste. It is a thermal process (controlled combustion) in which the waste material is converted to heat, gas, steam and ash, which can be used for electrical generation and domestic heating. It is suitable for hazardous, organic and medical wastes. Combustible substance should be separated and removed before incineration process. Wet municipal waste should be preheated before incineration process. It reduces the volume of waste up to 20 or 30% of the original volume.

iii) Composting: It is a popular method by which bulk organic matter is converted into fertilizer by biological action. Microorganisms like fungi, bacteria convert degradable organic waste into broken, odourless mass called humus, which is a good fertilizer. Separated compostable waste is dumped in underground trenches in layers of 1.5m and finally covered with soil of 20 cm and left for decomposition.

Sometimes, actinomycetes are introduced for active decomposition. Biological action will start within two to three days. Good quality environmental friendly manure is formed from the compost and can be used for agricultural purpose.

iv) Vermi Composting: It has become very popular in the last few years. In vermi composting, earthworms are added to the compost. These help to break the waste and the added excreta of the worms makes the compost rich in nutrients. It is very useful biofertilizer and soil conditioner.

Related posts:

• Introduction to Environmental Studies [Environmental Studies Notes BCOM/BA/BSC 2nd SEM CBCS Pattern]
• Natural Resources Types, Renewable and Non-renewable Resources

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