essay tagalog brainly

Paano Gumawa ng Sanaysay (Essay)

Paano Gumawa ng Sanaysay.  Ang paggawa ng mga sanaysay o essay ay tila bahagi na ng buhay ng isang estudyante. Quarterly nagpapagawa ng sanaysay si Teacher, minsan naman may mga contest tuwing buwan ng wika sa pagsulat ng sanaysay. Minsan naman, kailangan mo talagang gumawa ng sanaysay dahil requirement ito. Huhulaan ko na, nagbabasa ka ngayon kasi may dapat kang isulat na sanaysay mamaya. Don’t worry na dahil narito na ang aming tutorial kung paano gumawa ng sanaysay.

Paano gumawa ng sanaysay o essay?

Heto ang ilang guide at tips kung paano gumawa ng sanaysay:

Isulat ang iyong pangalan at mahahalagang inpormasyon

Kadalasang nagbibigay si Teacher ng format na dapat mong sundin, sundan mo ang format ng maayos at isulat ang iyong pangalan kung saan nararapat. Kung required ang date at iyong section, isulat ito. Minsan naman, kung ikaw ay contestant sa isang contest, pakinggang maiigi ang instructions ng mga dapat mong ilagay sa iyong papel.

Tamang palugid at bantas

Teka, teka. Bago ka magsulat ng isang salita, kailangan mo munang pansinin ang mga bantas at palugid sa papel. Dapat malinis ang papel na pagsusulatan mo at tuwid ang iyong palugid. Kung nahihirapan kang magsulat na tuwid ang palugid, itupi ang papel o kaya naman ay gumamit ng lapis at ruler upang markahan ang iyong palugid. Sa iyong unang talata, dapat nakaurong ang unang pangungusap mo.

Matapos mong masigurado na malinis ang iyong papel at tama ang iyong mga bantas, pwede mo nang gawin ang susunod na step.

Simulan sa pamagat

Isulat mo ang iyong pamagat sa gitna ng iyong papel, o kung sa MS Word mo ito isinusulat, siguraduhing naka-gitna ang iyong pagsulat. Ang iyong pamagat ay dapat may kinalaman sa ibinigay na paksa, dapat itong kaagaw-agaw ng pansin at ang malakas ang dating nito. Kumbaga sa isang tao, ang pamagat ay ang mukha ng iyong sanaysay. Ito ang unang makikita ng mga taong babasa ng iyong sanaysay kaya’t dapat pamagat pa lang, panalo na!

Siguraduhin ring maayos ang capitalization ng iyong pamagat. Ang mga mahahaba at importanteng mga salita ay nag-uumpisa sa malaking titik. Ang mga pangalan, pandiwa, pang-abay, pang-uri ay dapat naka-capitaliza. (Halimbawa: Juan, Naglayas, Matingkad). Ang mga maikli at di importanteng mga salita tulad ng mga inklitik (conjuctive adverbs), pangatnig (transitional devices) ay nag-uumpisa sa maliit na letra, not unless ito ang unang salita ng iyong pamagat. (Halimbawa: raw, lang, nang)

Isipin ang tema

Kadalasang nagbibigay sila ng tema o paksa na iyong isusulat. Minsan rin naman free-choice ang iyong paksa at mayroon kang kalayaang pumili ng iyong isusulat. Kung ano mang paksa ang iyong isusulat, pag-isipan itong mabuti, pag-aralan at suriin. Kung ang iyong paksa ay isang napapanahong  isyu tulad ng pagtaas ng mga bilihin o environmental concerns (tulad ng mga bagyo at climate change) makabubuting magsulat ng mga inpormasyon na may layuning turuan ang iyong mga mambabasa. Kung ang iyong paksa naman ay naglalayong magpahayag ng iyong opinyon (Halimbawa: pagka-upo ng bagong pangulo, pagtaas ng sahod ng mga guro). Kung ang iyong paksa naman ay nangangailangan ng creative writing (Halimbawa: magandang lugar sa bansa, festivals).

Araling mabuti ang iyong paksa bago ka mag-umpisang magsulat. Kung binigyan ka ng free time para mag-research tungkol sa iyong topic, kunin mo ang oportunidad na ito upang makilala ang iyong paksa ng marami kang maisulat na makakabuluhang bagay sa iyong sanaysay.

Gumawa ng mabuting panimula

Sa paggawa ng sanaysay, ang unang salita o pangungusap sa iyong sanaysay ay dapat ay kaagaw-pansin rin. Ito ang pambungad ng iyong sanaysay at magbibigay ng impresyon sa iyong mga mambabasa. Siguraduhing kawili-wili at hindi nakaka-inip ang iyong unang pangungusap. Ito kasi ang unang papansinin ng iyong mga mambabasa kaya’t dapat ito ay kaagaw-agaw pansin talaga.

Alam mo bang pwede kang kumita kahit estudyante ka pa lang kahit na wala kang puhunan? Basahin mo dito:

Paano Kumita Kahit Walang Puhunan Gamit ang Coins.PH?

Isulat ang mga mahahalagang impormasyon

Sa katawan ng iyong sanaysay nakapaloob ang mga mahahalagang impormasyon at bagay na dapat mong banggitin. Iwasan mong pahabain at hilain ang iyong pagpapaliwanag dahil magiging nakakabagot ang pagbabasa ng iyong mga mambabasa. Siguraduhing ang iyong mga pagpapaliwanag ay straight to the point at hindi paligoy-ligoy, lalo na kung ang iyong sanaysay ay naglalayong magbigay-impormasyon.

Kung ang iyong sanaysay naman ay may halong kwento, siguraduhing ang bawat pangyayari sa kwento ay nakakasabik ng mga mambabasa.

Tapusin sa kaaya-ayang wakas

Bukod sa iyong pamagat, isang bahagi ng iyong sanaysay na sadyang mahalaga ay ang wakas. Dahil ito ang huling bagay na mababasa ng iyong mababasa bago niya ilapag ang iyong sanaysay, ito rin ang isa sa mga medaling maalala na bahagi ng sanaysay. Kaya’t kailangan mong pahalagahan ang oportunidad na ito at mag-iwan ng marka sa iyong mambabasa.

Maaring pamamaraan upang mag-iwan ng isang tumatagal na impresyon sa iyong mambabasa gamit ang iyong wakas. Maari kang gumamit ng isang kasabihan o alegorya/metapor na may magandang kahulugan. Maari mong balikan ang iyong panimula at i-dugtong dito ang iyong wakas. Maari kang mag-iwan ng isang tanong na talaga namang pag-iisipang mabuti ng iyong mambabasa ang sagot. Sabi nga nila may dalawang bahagi kung paano gumawa ng sanaysay ang kailangan mong matutunan nang tama, ang panimula at pangwakas.

Halimbawa ng sanaysay:

Narito ang isang halimbawa ng sanaysay. Gamitin mo ito bilang basehan kung paano gumawa ng sanaysay.

Isang Mabuting Desisyon ang Paghinto sa Pag-inom ng Alak

Kung tutuusin, isang napakadaling gawain ang pagpasok sa kahit anong uri ng addiction. Ang mas mahirap ay ang paglabas sa ganitong kondisyon kapag ikaw ay nalulong na. Ang alcohol ay isang nakaka-addict na substance. Kung patuloy mo itong aabusuhin sa matagal na panahon, maaari kang mahulog sa kanyang patibong. Maaari kang maging addict dito at mamamalayan mo na lamang na hindi mo na pala kayang kumilos kung wala ito. Magigising ka na lamang isang umaga na hindi mo na pala kayang mabuhay nang hindi umiinom. Sapagkat ang alak nga ay nakapasok na sa iyong sistema at ito’y nakagawa na ng isang malakas na impluwensiya sa iyong katawan at isipan. Na parang kasama na ito ngayon sa iyong regular na pangangailangan upang makagawa ng pang-araw-araw na gawain.

Alam nating lahat na ang alak ay isang mapanirang substance. Maraming masamang epekto ang labis na pagkonsumo nito sa ating kalusugan at buhay. At kahit na baliktarin mo ang sitwasyon at mundo, sigurado akong malalaman mong walang mabuting maidudulot ang labis na pag-inom nito lalo na sa pagtagal ng panahon. Kaya nga ang paghinto sa pag-inom ay isang mabuting desisyon na siyang makapagpapabago ng iyong buhay at pati na rin ang kalagayan mo sa iyong community at kapaligirang ginagalawan. Hindi rin natin dapat isa-isantabi na ang desisyong ihinto ang bisyong ito ay makabubuti sa iyong kinabukasan at makapagpapatibay pa ng lubos ng mga relasyong maaaring nasira noong nakaraan habang ipinagpapalit mo kang alak sa iyong mga mahal sa buhay.

Hindi madali ang huminto sa iyong nakasanayan. Lalo pa nga’t naimpluwensiyahan na nito ang iyong katawan at isipan. Pero kung ilalagay mo sa iyong utak ang gawaing ito, maaaring mapagtagumpayan mo ito kahit sa iyong sariling paraan. Mahirap na kung mahirap, ngunit maraming paraan upang makaalis ka sa iyong bisyo. At kung maghahanap ka lamang ng mga programa na maaaring makatulong sa iyo, magiging madali ang paghinto sa pag-inom ng alcohol.

Marami pang panahon para tumigil ka. Marami ring available na paraan para mapaglaban ang iyong kondisyon bilang isang alcoholic. Manghinayang ka sa panahon na inuubos mo lamang sa iyong pag-inom. Sikapin mong pahalagahan ang mga pera na ginagastos mo sa pagtangkilik sa mga inuming nakalalasing. At lagi mong isa-alang-alang ang mga mahal mo sa buhay na umaasang ikaw ay may kapasidad na magbagong buhay. Hindi kailanman maibabalik ang mga nasayang na ito at lalo pang madaragdagan kung patuloy kang iinom ng alak. Ngunit kahit hindi man maibalik ang mga nasayang na panahon at salapi, maaari mo pang baguhin ang takbo ng iyong buhay kung ititigil mo na ang iyong bisyo. At sigurado akong hindi na madaragdagan ang iyong mga problema bagkus ay magkakaroon ka ng mas magandang kalusugan at mabuting pamumuhay ngayon at sa darating pang panahon.

Ngayong alam mo na kung paano gumawa ng sanaysay, isulat mo na ‘yang sanaysay na iyan at maniwala sa iyong sarili na kaya mo itong isulat.

Sana ay may natutunan ka sa article na ito. Pwede ba kaming humingi ng suporta? I-LIKE mo naman ang aming Facebook Page >> PaanoHow o kaya naman ay i-SHARE mo ang article na ito sa iyong mga classmates.

Ano ang Sanaysay, Uri at Mga Halimbawa

Nahirapan ka bang magpahayag ng iyong mga pag-iisip at ideya tungkol sa isang partikular na paksa sa pagsulat? O, nautusan ka bang magsulat ng isang sanaysay at natanong mo sa sarili mo kung ano ito?

Huwag nang mag-alala! Sa artikulong ito, tatahakin natin ang mundo ng mga sanaysay at aalamin natin kung ano kahulugan nito.

Malalaman mo rin dito ang iba’t ibang mga halimbawa at uri ng sanaysay na maaring mong gamitin sa iyong aralin.

Kung ikaw ay isang estudyante o interesado lamang sa pagpapabuti ng iyong mga kasanayan sa pagsusulat, dapat basahin mo ang post na ito.

Kaya, kumuha ka ng tasa ng kape, mag-relaks, at puntahan na natin ang mundo ng mga sanaysay.

Talaan ng Nilalaman

Sanaysay in English

Bago tayo magsimula sa ating aralin, alamin muna nating kung ano ang sanaysay in English o wikang Ingles.

Sa wikang Ingles, ang sanaysay ay tinatawag na “essay”. Ang salitang “ essay ” ay galing sa salitang Pranses na “essai”, na nangangahulugan ng “pagsubok” o “pagsusumikap”, at iyan ang eksaktong ibig sabihin ng isang sanaysay – isang pagtatangka na ipakita ang isang malinaw at maayos na pagsulat sa isang argumento o punto tungkol sa isang partikular na paksa .

Ano ang Sanaysay- Kahulugan o Meaning

Ang sanaysay ay isang uri ng panitikan na naglalayong magpahayag ng kaisipan, opinyon, o mga karanasan sa isang organisadong paraan. Karaniwang may layuning magbigay ng impormasyon, magpaliwanag, maglahad ng mga saloobin, at mag-aliw sa mambabasa.

Ito ay binubuo ng isang pangunahing paksa , mga pangunahing puntos, at mga detalye o halimbawa upang suportahan ang mga punto na inilalahad. Ang sanaysay ay isang komposisyon na nagpapakita ng isang argumento o partikular na pananaw tungkol sa isang paksa .

Ang layunin ng sanaysay ay ipahayag ang ideya o argumento sa isang malinaw at maikli na paraan. Upang makasulat ng mabisang sanaysay, mahalaga na maingat na magsalisik tungkol sa paksa , gumawa ng outline ng mga pangunahing puntos na gusto mong isulat, at pagkatapos ay gumawa ng konklusyon.

Dapat may malakas na pagbubukas ang sanaysay na nag-aakit sa mambabasa at nagbibigay ng impormasyon tungkol sa paksa . Ang katawan ng sanaysay ay dapat nagpapakita ng mga argumento at ebidensya na sumusuporta sa iyong pananaw.

Ang konklusyon ay dapat nag-bubuod ng mga pangunahing punto at nagbibigay ng wakas sa mambabasa.

Dapat may formal na tono ang sanaysay ngunit hindi ito dapat masyadong akademiko, at ang wika ay dapat malinaw at maikli. Ang tamang gramatiko at pagbaybay ay mahalaga, pati na rin ang malinaw na pag-transisyon sa pagitan ng mga parirala at isang logikal na estruktura.

Upang makasulat ng mabisang sanaysay, kailangan mong isipin nang kritikal ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa paksa at gamitin ang ebidensya upang sumuporta sa iyong mga argumento.

Kailangan din na handa kang rebisahin ang iyong ginawa upang siguraduhin na ito ay ang pinakamabuti.

Bahagi ng Sanaysay

Ang isang sanaysay ay karaniwang binubuo ng panimula, katawan at konklusyon o wakas. Basahin ang mga ito sa baba.

Panimula o Introduksyon

Ang panimula o introduksyon ay nagbibigay ng impormasyon tungkol sa paksa at nagsisilbing tulay para sa ibang bahagi ng sanaysay.

Dapat itong maglaman ng isang nagbibigay-diin na panimula, isang maikli na paglalarawan ng paksa, at isang malinaw na punto na nagpapakita ng pangunahing argumento o layunin ng sanaysay.

Ang katawan ay ang pangunahing bahagi ng sanaysay at binubuo ng ilang mga talata. Dapat mayroong pokus ang bawat talata sa isang pangunahing ideya at maglaman ng sumusuportang ebidensya at halimbawa.

Ang katawan ay dapat maglalahad ng argumento o pangunahing punto sa isang lohikal at naiintindihan na paraan, gamit ang malinaw na wika.

Konklusyon o Wakas

Ang konklusyon o wakas ang nagbubuod ng pangunahing punto na ginawa sa katawan. Dapat itong magpahayag muli ng punto sa ibang paraan, at maaring maglaman din ng huling ideya.

Mga Sanggunian Ginamit (References or Citations Used)

Depende sa sanggunian na ginamit, ang sanaysay maaring maglaman ng isang listahan ng mga pinagmulan na ginamit o nasukat sa teksto. Ang seksyon na ito ay nagbibigay ng impormasyon kung saan galing ang impormasyon na ginamit sa sanaysay at nagbibigay sa mababasa ng pagkakataon na hanapin ang mga pinagmulan para sa mas malalim na pagbasa.

Bukod sa mga pangunahing bahaging ito, maaring maglaman din ang mga sanaysay ng isang abstrak, talaan ng nilaaman, at mga apendise, depende sa layunin at mga kinakailangan ng takdang-aralin.

Paano Gumawa ng Sanaysay

Narito ang ilang hakbang sa pagsulat ng isang sanaysay:

• Pumili ng paksa : Pumili ng isang paksa na mayroong personal na interes o kahalagahan para sa iyo.
• Gawin ang pagsasaliksik : Gumawa ng pag-sasaliksik tungkol sa iyong paksa upang masiguro na mayroong sapat na impormasyon at datos upang suportahan ang iyong argumento.
• Gumawa ng outline o balangkas : Gumawa ng isang balangkas ng iyong sanaysay upang masiguro na mayroong lohical na pagkakasunod-sunod sa iyong mga argumento at mga halimbawa.
• Gumawa ng introduksyon : Gumawa ng isang nagbibigay-diin na panimulang salita upang makakakuha ng atensyon sa mga mambabasa, ibigay ang maikli na paglalarawan sa paksa, at ilahad ang malinaw na punto.
• Gumawa ng katawan : Gumawa ng ilang mga talata na nagpopokus sa bawat pangunahing ideya at maglaman ng sumusuportang ebidensya at halimbawa.
• Gumawa ng konklusyon : Gumawa ng isang konklusyon na nagwawakas sa iyong sanaysay at gumawa ng buod sa mga pangunahing puntos. Maaaring maglaman ng huling pag-iisip o tawag sa aksyon.
• Isulat ang mga ginamit na sanggunian o references : Depende sa sanggunian na ginamit, gumawa ng isang listahan ng mga pinagmulan na ginamit o nasukat sa teksto.
• Suriin ang iyong sanaysay : Suriin ang iyong sanaysay para sa mga maling gramatiko, maling pagbaybay, at upang masiguro na mayroong malinaw na pagkakasunod-sunod sa iyong mga argumento.
• Rebisahin at pagbutihing muli : Rebisahin at pagbuting muli ang iyong sanaysay para sa pagkakataon na mapabuti pa ang iyong sinulat.

Uri ng Sanaysay

Ang sanaysay ay may iba’t ibang uri. Sa artikulong ito, tatalakayin natin ang pormal at di-pormal, naratibong sanaysay, deskriptibong sanaysay, argumentatibong sanaysay, at malikhaing sanaysay.

Ang mga pormal na sanaysay na tumatakbo sa mga malalim at mahalagang paksa ay kadalasang nangangailangan ng malawak na pag-aaral at pag-unawa sa paksa.

Ang layunin ng manunulat ay hikayatin ang mga mambabasa na mag-isip nang kritikal, bumuo ng kanilang sariling opinyon at makarating sa mga napag-aralang desisyon na maaaring gawin.

Kailangan ng manunulat na ipakita ang impormasyon sa isang malinaw at maikli na paraan, na nangangailangan ng pagbabago sa maraming pinagmulan at pananaw upang magbigay ng komprehensibong pagtingin sa paksa.

Ang layunin ay pagpapadali sa pag-unawa ng mambabasa sa paksa, hikayatin sila na pag-isipan ang kanilang sariling pananaw at makarating sa mga napag-aralang konklusyon. Ang layunin ng manunulat ay pagpapadulas sa mambabasa, hamunin ang kanilang mga pananaw, at pagpapadali sa mas malalim na pag-iisip tungkol sa paksa.

Ang mga hindi pormal na sanaysay ay kadalasang nakatuon sa mga personal, araw-araw na paksa na mas madaling pag-usapan. Ang mga sanaysay na ito ay nagbibigay ng pagkakataon sa manunulat na ipahayag ang kanilang natatanging pananaw, ibahagi ang kanilang mga karanasan at ipakita ang mga aspeto ng kanilang pagkatao.

Sa pamamagitan ng ganitong uri ng pag-uulat, ang layunin ng manunulat ay makapag-ugnayan sa mambabasa at itatag ang pakiramdam ng pagkakakilala sa kanilang mambabasa. Ang pokus ng mga sanaysay na ito ay sa pagbabahagi ng personal na karanasan at pananaw ng manunulat.

Sa pamamagitan nito, ang layunin ng manunulat ay lumikha ng pakiramdam ng pagkakakilala sa mambabasa at magbigay ng ideya sa kanilang pagkatao, pag-iisip, at karanasan.

Naratibong Sanaysay

Ang naratibong sanaysay ay isang uri ng sanaysay na naglalaman ng mga kuwento o salaysay tungkol sa mga personal na karanasan ng manunulat. Karaniwan, ang naratibong sanaysay ay nagsisimula sa pagpapakilala ng paksa at ng mga tauhan sa kwento, at sinusundan ng paglalahad ng mga pangyayari at karanasan sa isang kronolohikal na paraan.

Naglalaman ito ng mga detalye at karanasan ng manunulat, at maaaring maglaman ng mga damdamin, mga repleksyon, at mga aral na natutunan mula sa karanasan. Sa iba’t ibang anyo ng sanaysay, ang naratibong sanaysay ay naglalayong magpakalat ng personal na karanasan at magbigay ng pag-unawa sa mga mambabasa.

Ito ay isang paraan upang magpakita ng kaugnayan sa iba’t ibang tao, magbigay ng leksyon o mensahe, at magpakalat ng kaisipan at pag-unawa. Ang naratibong sanaysay ay nagbibigay ng pagkakataon sa manunulat na magpakita ng kanyang mga karanasan sa buhay at magpakalat ng inspirasyon at kaalaman sa iba.

Deskriptibong Sanaysay

Ang deskriptibong sanaysay ay isang uri ng sanaysay na naglalayong maglarawan o magbigay ng paglalarawan tungkol sa isang tao, lugar, bagay, karanasan, o sitwasyon. Sa isang deskriptibong sanaysay, ang manunulat ay naglalarawan ng mga detalye sa pamamagitan ng mga imahen, sensasyon, at mga pang-akit na detalye upang makatulong sa mga mambabasa na maunawaan o maipakita ang isang paksa.

Ang deskriptibong sanaysay ay maaaring maglaman ng paglalarawan sa pisikal na aspeto ng isang tao, lugar, o bagay, tulad ng kulay, hugis, sukat, at iba pa. Maaari rin itong maglaman ng paglalarawan sa mga sensasyon tulad ng amoy, lasa, o pandinig, o sa mga emosyonal na reaksiyon tulad ng takot, kasiyahan, at kalungkutan.

Sa pamamagitan ng deskriptibong sanaysay, ang manunulat ay naglalayong magbigay ng masusing paglalarawan sa mga detalye ng isang paksa. Ito ay nagbibigay ng malinaw at masining na pag-unawa sa mga mambabasa, at nagbibigay din ng inspirasyon sa kanila na maunawaan at maappreciate ang mga bagay, lugar, karanasan, o sitwasyon na inilalarawan sa sanaysay.

Argumentatibong Sanaysay

Ang argumentatibong sanaysay ay isang uri ng sanaysay na naglalayong magpahayag ng opinyon o pananaw ng manunulat tungkol sa isang tiyak na paksa, kasama ang mga dahilan at mga datos na nagpapalakas ng kanyang posisyon. Sa isang argumentatibong sanaysay, ang manunulat ay nagbibigay ng isang argumento o pagpapaliwanag upang mapatunayan ang kanyang punto de vista sa paksa.

Ang mga bahagi ng isang argumentatibong sanaysay ay karaniwang nagsisimula sa pagpapakilala ng paksa at ng posisyon ng manunulat tungkol sa paksa. Sumusunod dito ang pagpapakita ng mga datos, mga halimbawa, at mga impormasyon upang maipakita ang pagiging makatwiran at mapanuri ng posisyon ng manunulat. Sa huli, nagbibigay ang manunulat ng isang konklusyon na nagbibigay ng kasiguruhan sa kanyang posisyon sa paksa.

Ang argumentatibong sanaysay ay isang paraan upang magbigay ng impormasyon at kaisipan upang makapag-ambag sa mga usaping panlipunan at magpatibay ng pananaw ng mga mambabasa sa isang paksa. Sa pamamagitan ng pagbibigay ng malakas at maaaring suportadong argumento, ang manunulat ay naglalayong makumbinsi ang mga mambabasa na tanggapin ang kanyang pananaw sa isang paksa.

Malikhaing Sanaysay

Ang malikhaing sanaysay ay isang uri ng sanaysay na naglalaman ng mga personal na karanasan, imahinasyon, o kaisipan ng manunulat. Ito ay naglalayong magpakalat ng kreatibong kaisipan at paglikha ng mga salita, pangungusap, at mga kwento na nanggaling sa imahinasyon o karanasan ng manunulat.

Sa isang malikhaing sanaysay, ang manunulat ay naglalayong magpakita ng kanyang mga ideya sa pamamagitan ng paglikha ng isang masining at kakaibang paraan ng pagsulat. Naglalaman ito ng mga personal na karanasan, pangarap, at mga imahinasyon na nais ibahagi ng manunulat sa kanyang mga mambabasa.

Maaaring maglaman ang malikhaing sanaysay ng mga makabagong ideya, mga pagsusuri, o repleksyon ng manunulat tungkol sa mga paksa tulad ng musika, sining, kultura, o personal na mga karanasan at mga pang-araw-araw na karanasan. Ang malikhaing sanaysay ay naglalayong magbigay ng kasiyahan, inspirasyon, at pagkakataon sa manunulat na magpakita ng kanyang malikhain at kakaibang perspektiba tungkol sa isang paksa.

Sangkap ng Sanaysay

Ang mga sangkap ng isang sanaysay ay ang sumusunod:

• Paks a – Ang paksang pag-uusapan sa sanaysay, ito ay ang sentro ng pagsulat.
• Layunin – Ito ang hangarin ng manunulat sa pagsusulat ng sanaysay, kung ano ang kanyang nais iparating sa mga mambabasa.
• Simula – Ang bahagi ng sanaysay kung saan ipinakilala ng manunulat ang kanyang paksa at layunin, at kung paano niya ito susulatin.
• Gitna – Ang bahagi ng sanaysay kung saan ipinapakita ng manunulat ang kanyang mga argumento, mga ebidensiya, at iba pang mga kaisipan na sumusuporta sa kanyang layunin.
• Wakas – Ang bahagi ng sanaysay kung saan nagbibigay ng kasagutan o konklusyon ang manunulat sa kanyang mga argumento at kaisipan. Dito rin nakapaloob ang kanyang mga huling mensahe sa kanyang mga mambabasa.
• Estilo – Ito ay tumutukoy sa mga paraan ng pagpapahayag ng manunulat ng kanyang mga kaisipan. Ito ay maaaring magpakita ng kanyang bokabularyo, grammar, pagpapahalaga sa wikang ginagamit at iba pa.
• Boses – Ang uri ng pananalita na ginagamit ng manunulat, ang kanyang personalidad at kung paano niya hawakan ang kanyang paksa ay nagpapakita ng kanyang boses sa sanaysay.

Halimbawa ng Sanaysay

Narito ang ilimang halimbawa ng sanaysay.

Ang Kahalagahan ng Pagtitiyaga

Ang pagtitiyaga ay isa sa mga katangiang mahalaga sa pagpapakatotoo ng mga pangarap sa buhay. Hindi ito basta-basta nakukuha, kailangan itong paghirapan at paglaanan ng oras at pagsisikap. Sa mundo ngayon, kung saan ang teknolohiya ay mabilis na umuunlad at ang kasiyahan ay madaling makamit, mahirap manatiling mayroong determinasyon at pagtitiyaga.

Ang pagtitiyaga ay hindi lamang tungkol sa pagkakaroon ng layunin o pangarap sa buhay. Mahalaga rin ang pagtitiyaga upang makapagsimula at magpatuloy sa pagpapakatotoo ng mga pangarap na ito. Kailangan natin ng disiplina at pagpupunyagi upang malampasan ang mga hamon at hadlang sa pag-abot ng mga ito.

Sa larangan ng edukasyon, halimbawa, ang pagtitiyaga ay napakahalaga upang makamit ang mga layunin sa buhay. Hindi lamang ang mga mataas na marka ang nagpapakita ng pagtitiyaga, kundi ang patuloy na pag-aaral at pagpupursige upang maabot ang mga pangarap. Sa katunayan, ang pagtitiyaga ang nagiging susi sa matagumpay na karera sa hinaharap.

Sa buhay personal naman, ang pagtitiyaga ay nagpapakita ng ating determinasyon upang maabot ang ating mga pangarap. Sa bawat hakbang na ating ginagawa, kailangan nating magtiyaga upang maabot ang ating mga layunin. Hindi ito madaling gawin, ngunit sa katapangan at pagtitiyaga, malalampasan natin ang mga hamon at hadlang sa buhay.

Sa kabuuan, ang pagtitiyaga ay isang mahalagang katangian na kailangan nating pagyamanin sa ating buhay. Ito ang magiging susi sa ating tagumpay sa buhay. Kailangan nating magtiyaga upang maabot ang ating mga pangarap at magtagumpay sa mga larangan ng buhay. Sa kabila ng mga pagsubok at hadlang, kailangan nating manatiling matatag at magpatuloy sa pagpupunyagi upang maabot ang tagumpay na ating ninanais.

Ang Aking Mga Natutunan sa Panahon ng Pandemya

Sa loob ng mahigit isang taon na ang lumipas, maraming bagay ang nagbago sa aking buhay. Hindi ko inakala na magkakaroon ng pandemya at magkakaroon ng ganitong malaking epekto sa mundo. Sa mga nakalipas na buwan, naranasan ko ang iba’t ibang damdamin, mula sa takot at pagkabahala hanggang sa pag-asa at tiwala.

Sa panahon ng pandemya, natutunan ko ang halaga ng pamilya at mga kaibigan. Habang naghihintay ako sa loob ng aming bahay, nagkaroon ako ng oras upang makipag-usap sa aking pamilya at mga kaibigan sa telepono o online. Napagtanto ko na mahalaga sila sa aking buhay at hindi ko dapat ipagwalang-bahala ang oras na kasama sila.

Natutunan ko rin ang kahalagahan ng kalusugan at kalinisan. Dahil sa takot na magkasakit, mas maingat ako sa paglilinis ng aming bahay at sa aking personal na kalusugan. Pinalakas ko rin ang aking immune system sa pamamagitan ng pagkain ng mas malusog at pagsasanay.

Sa trabaho, natuto akong magtrabaho mula sa bahay. Kahit na medyo nahirapan ako noong una, natuto akong mag-adjust sa bagong paraan ng pagtatrabaho. Nalaman ko rin na hindi ko kailangang magtungo sa opisina upang makapagtrabaho nang maayos. Mas nakakatipid ako sa oras at gasolina sa pagtatrabaho mula sa bahay.

Sa kabuuan, natutunan ko na mahalaga ang pagkakaisa at pagtitiwala sa mga nasa kapangyarihan upang malagpasan ang pandemya. Dapat tayong magtulungan upang masiguro na ang bawat isa sa atin ay ligtas at mayroong kinabukasan. Sa kabila ng mga pagsubok na kinakaharap natin, naniniwala akong mayroon pa rin tayong pag-asa sa kinabukasan.

Ang Edukasyon: Susi sa Pag-angat ng Buhay

Ang edukasyon ay isa sa mga pundasyon ng bawat lipunan. Ito ang nagpapakatotoo sa pangarap at tagumpay ng isang tao, at nagbibigay daan upang maiangat ang antas ng pamumuhay at kabuhayan ng isang indibidwal at ng buong lipunan. Hindi lamang ito tungkol sa pag-aaral ng mga aralin at pagsusulat, ngunit pati na rin sa pagbuo ng kasanayan sa pag-iisip, pagpapasya, at pagiging responsable sa sariling buhay.

Ang edukasyon ay nagbibigay ng oportunidad para sa pagkakapantay-pantay ng bawat isa, hindi lamang sa oportunidad sa trabaho, ngunit sa pag-unlad ng personal na kakayahan at kakayahan. Ito ay mayroong malaking papel sa pagpapalawak ng kaalaman ng bawat indibidwal upang maipakita ang kanilang mga kasanayan at talino. Sa tulong ng edukasyon, malalaman ng isang tao kung saan siya nababagay sa lipunan, at kung saan siya dapat mag-focus upang magtagumpay sa buhay.

Sa bawat indibidwal, ang edukasyon ay may malaking papel sa pagbuo ng kanilang pagkatao at pagpapanday ng kanilang kaisipan. Ang edukasyon ay hindi lamang nagtuturo sa atin kung paano magbasa at sumulat, ngunit nagtuturo rin sa atin ng mga kasanayan sa pag-iisip, pagpapasya, at pagpapakita ng kaalaman at kakayahan. Ito ay nagpapalawak ng kaalaman at kasanayan ng bawat isa sa mga aralin at kasanayan, na nagsisilbing daan sa kanila upang magtagumpay sa kanilang buhay.

Sa ating lipunan, ang edukasyon ay mayroong malaking papel sa pagpapaunlad ng bansa. Sa pamamagitan ng edukasyon, ang bawat isa ay mayroong kakayahang magbahagi ng kanyang kaalaman at kasanayan upang mag-contribute sa pag-unlad ng lipunan. Ito ay nagbibigay ng pagkakataon upang maiangat ang kabuhayan at antas ng pamumuhay ng mga mamamayan, na nagbibigay daan upang magkaroon ng pagkakapantay-pantay sa lipunan.

Sa kabuuan, ang edukasyon ay isang pundasyon upang magkaroon ng mas magandang buhay. Ito ay may malaking papel sa pagpapalawak ng kaalaman at kasanayan ng bawat isa, na nagsisilbing daan upang magtagumpay sa buhay. Sa tulong ng edukasyon, mabibigyan ng oportunidad ang bawat indibidwal na makapag-ambag sa pag-unlad ng lipunan at magkaroon ng magandang kinabukasan.

Ang Pag-ibig: Salamin ng Ating Kaluluwa

Ang pag-ibig ay isa sa mga pinakamagandang bagay sa mundo. Ito ay nagbibigay ng ligaya, kasiyahan, at tunay na kasiyahan sa buhay ng bawat isa. Hindi lamang ito tungkol sa romantikong pag-ibig, ngunit pati na rin sa pagmamahal sa pamilya, mga kaibigan, at sa ating mga kapwa tao.

Sa larangan ng romantikong pag-ibig, ang pag-ibig ay nagbibigay daan upang mahanap natin ang taong magpapakumpleto sa ating buhay. Ito ay nagbibigay ng saya, kasiyahan, at tibok ng puso sa bawat isa. Sa pag-ibig, natututunan natin ang pagbibigayan, pagtitiwala, at pagpapahalaga sa isa’t isa. Ito ay nagpapalawak ng ating pananaw at nagbibigay ng pag-asa sa buhay.

Sa pagmamahal naman sa pamilya at mga kaibigan, ang pag-ibig ay nagpapakita ng pagpapahalaga sa mga taong mahalaga sa atin. Ito ay nagbibigay ng lakas ng loob sa panahon ng kahirapan at pagsubok, at nagbibigay ng kasiyahan at kaligayahan sa buhay ng bawat isa. Sa pag-ibig, natututunan natin ang pagtitiwala, pagpapakumbaba, at pagiging handa na magbigay ng sarili sa mga taong mahalaga sa atin.

Sa kabuuan, ang pag-ibig ay nagbibigay daan upang makilala natin ang ating sarili at ang ating kaluluwa. Ito ay nagbibigay ng lakas ng loob sa panahon ng kahirapan at pagsubok, at nagbibigay ng kasiyahan at kaligayahan sa buhay ng bawat isa. Sa pag-ibig, natututunan natin ang pagpapahalaga sa buhay, pagiging mapagmahal, at pagkakaroon ng puso para sa ating kapwa.

Sa huli, ang pag-ibig ay nagpapakita ng kagandahan ng buhay at nagbibigay ng ligaya sa ating mga puso. Ito ay isang napakahalagang bagay na dapat nating pangalagaan at ipahalaga sa ating mga buhay. Sa pag-ibig, malalaman natin ang kahalagahan ng pagmamahal sa ating kapwa at pagbibigay ng saya at pag-asa sa buhay.

Ang Magulang: Haligi ng Buhay at Tagapagtaguyod ng Pamilya

Ang magulang ay mga indibidwal na nagbibigay ng buhay sa bawat isa sa atin. Sila ang nagsisilbing haligi ng ating buhay at tagapagtaguyod ng ating pamilya. Sila ang nag-aalaga at nagmamahal sa atin sa pamamagitan ng pagsasakripisyo ng kanilang oras, enerhiya, at malasakit.

Ang mga magulang ay nagtuturo sa atin ng mga aral at kasanayan na kailangan natin sa buhay. Sila ang nagtuturo sa atin ng tamang pag-uugali, pagpapakumbaba, at pagiging responsable. Sa kanilang pagtuturo, natututo tayo ng kasanayan sa buhay na hindi natin matututunan kung walang mga magulang na nagtitiyaga sa atin.

Bilang tagapagtaguyod ng pamilya, ang mga magulang ay nagtatrabaho para sa ikabubuti ng kanilang mga anak. Sa pamamagitan ng kanilang pagsusumikap at pagsasakripisyo, napapakain at napag-aaral nila ang kanilang mga anak at nagbibigay ng magandang kinabukasan para sa kanila.

Sa kabila ng lahat ng kanilang sakripisyo at pagod, ang mga magulang ay patuloy na nagbibigay ng pagmamahal at suporta sa kanilang mga anak. Sila ang nakikinig sa ating mga problema at nagbibigay ng payo sa mga panahong tayo ay nangangailangan ng gabay at tulong. Sila ang nagbibigay ng seguridad at kaligayahan sa ating buhay.

Sa kabuuan, ang mga magulang ay nagpapakita ng pagmamahal at malasakit na walang katumbas. Sila ang nagsisilbing haligi ng ating buhay at nagbibigay ng kasiyahan at kaligayahan sa ating mga puso. Sa kanilang pagtitiyaga, sila ang nagpapakita ng kahalagahan ng pagmamahal at pagbibigay sa ating kapwa. Kaya naman, mahalaga na ipakita natin ang ating pagmamahal at pasasalamat sa ating mga magulang sa pamamagitan ng pagmamalasakit at pagpapakita ng kahalagahan na kanilang ginagampanan sa ating buhay.

Ang sanaysay ay isang uri ng pagsulat na naglalayong maglahad ng opinyon, ideya, kaisipan, o karanasan ng isang tao. Ito ay isang paraan upang maipahayag ang mga personal na pananaw sa isang tiyak na paksa. Karaniwan, ang sanaysay ay nagsisimula sa pagpapakilala ng paksa, pagsusuri ng mga detalye o impormasyon, at pagbibigay ng konklusyon o pagsusuri sa mga ideya.

Ang mga bahagi ng isang sanaysay ay maaaring mag-iba depende sa layunin ng manunulat. Halimbawa, ang mga bahagi ng isang sanaysay ay maaaring maglaman ng panimula, gitna o konklusyon.

Sa kasalukuyan, mayroong iba’t ibang uri ng sanaysay na nagsisilbing paraan upang maipahayag ang mga personal na pananaw. Halimbawa, mayroong pormal at di-pormal, naratibong sanaysay, deskriptibong sanaysay, argumentatibong sanaysay, at malikhaing sanaysay.

Ang sanaysay ay hindi lamang isang uri ng pagsulat, kundi isang paraan rin upang magpakalat ng kaalaman at pag-unawa tungkol sa isang tiyak na paksa. Ito ay maaaring maging inspirasyon upang magbigay ng boses sa mga personal na karanasan at pananaw, at magdulot ng pagbabago sa lipunan.

Salamat sa iyong pagbabasa! Sana ay may natutunan ka sa ating aralin.

Basahin ang iba pang aralin: Pang-ukol , Pang-angkop , Pangatnig , Panghalip , Pandiwa , Pang-uri , Tayutay , Pang-abay , Pangngalan , Replektibong Sanaysay

Mga Halimbawa ⬇️

Sanaysay 101.

TAGALOG LANG

Learn Tagalog online!

The Indolence of the Filipinos

A Series of Essays by Jose P. Rizal

Doctor Sanciano, in his  Progreso de Filipinas,  has taken up this question,  agitated,  as he calls it, and relying upon facts and reports furnished by the very same Spanish authorities that ruled the Philippines has demonstrated that such indolence does not exist, and that all said about it does not deserve a reply or even passing choice.

Nevertheless as discussion of it has been continued, not only by government employees who make it responsible for their own shortcomings, not only by the friars who regard it as necessary in order that they may continue to represent themselves as indispensable, but also by serious and disinterested persons: and as evidence of greater or less weight may be adduced in opposition to that which Dr. Sanciano cites, it seems expedient to us to study this question thoroughly, without superciliousness or sensitiveness, without prejudice, without pessimism.  As as we can only serve our country by telling the truth, however bitter it be, just as flagrant and skillful negation cannot refute a real and positive fact, in spite of the brilliance of the arguments; as mere affirmation is not sufficient to create something possible, let us calmly examine the facts, using on our part all the impartiality of which a man is capable who is convinced that there is no redemption except upon solid bases of virtue.

The word indolence has been greatly misused in the sense of little love for work and lack of energy, while ridicule has concealed the misuse.  This much-discussed question has met with the same fate as certain panaceas and specifics of the quacks who by ascribing to them impossible virtues have discredited them.  In the Middle Ages, and even in some Catholic countries now, the devil is blamed for everything that superstitious folk cannot understand or the perversity of mankind is loath to confess.  In the Philippines one’s and another’s faults, the shortcomings of one, the misdeeds of another, are attributed to indolence.  And just as in the Middle Ages he who sought the explanation of phenomena outside of infernal influences was persecuted, so in the Philippines worse happens to him who seeks the origin of the trouble outside of accepted beliefs.

The consequence of this misuse is that there are some who are interested in stating it as a dogma and others in combating it as a ridiculous superstition, if not a punishable delusion.  Yet it is not to be inferred from the misuse of a thing that it does not exist.

We think that there must be something behind all this outcry, for it is incredible that so many should err, among whom we have said there are a lot of serious and disinterested persons.  Some act in bad faith, though levity, through levity, through want of sound judgment, through limitation in reasoning power, ignorance of the past, or other cause.  Some repeat what they have heard, without examination or reflection; others speak through pessimism or are impelled by that human characteristic which paints as perfect everything that belongs to oneself and defective whatever belongs to another.  But it cannot be denied that there are some who worship truth, or if not truth itself at least the semblance thereof which is truth in the mind of the crowd.

Examining well, then, all scenes and all the men that we have known from childhood; and the life of our country, we believe that indolence does exist there.  The Filipinos, who can measure up with the most active peoples in the world, will doubtless not repudiate his admission, for it is true there one works and struggles against the climate, against nature and against men.  But we must not take the exception for the general rule, and should rather seek the good of our country by stating what we believe to be true.  We must confess that indolence does actually and positively exist there, only that, instead of holding it to be the cause  of the backwardness and the trouble, we regard it as the effect  of the trouble and the backwardness, by fostering the development of a  lamentable predisposition.   Those who have as yet treated of indolence, with the exception of Dr. Sancianco, have been content to deny or affirm it.  We know of no one who has studied its causes.  Nevertheless, those who admit its existence and exaggerate it more or less have not therefore failed to advise remedies taken from here and there, from Java, from India, from other English or Dutch colonies, like the quack who saw a fever cured with a dozen sardines and afterwards always prescribed these fish at every rise in temperature that he discovered in his patient.

We shall proceed otherwise.  Before proposing a remedy we shall examine the causes, and even though strictly speaking a predisposition is not a cause, let us, however, study at its true value this predisposition due to nature.

The predisposition exists?  Why shouldn’t it?

A hot climate requires of the individual quiet and rest, just as cold incites to labor and action. For this reason the Spaniard is more indolent than the Frenchman; the Frenchman more so than the German.  The Europeans themselves who reproach the residents of the colonies so much (and I am not now speaking of the Spaniards but of the Germans and English themselves), how do they live in tropical countries?  Surrounded by a numerous train of servants, never-going afoot but riding in a carriage, needing servants not only to take off their shoes for them but even to them!  And yet they live and eat better, they work for themselves to get rich, with the hope of a future, free and respected, while the poor colonist, the  indolent colonist , is badly nourished, has no hope, toils for others, and works under force and compulsion!  Perhaps the reply to this will be that white men are not made to stand the severity of the climate.  A mistake!  A man can live in any climate, if he will only adapt himself to its requirements and conditions.  What kills the European in hot countries is the abuse of liquors, the attempt to live according to the nature of his own country under another sky and another sun.  We inhabitants of hot countries live well in northern Europe whenever we take the precautions of the people there do.  Europeans can also stand the torrid zone, if only they would get rid of their prejudices.

The fact is that in tropical countries violent work is not a good thing as it is in cold countries, there it is death, destruction, annihilation.  Nature knows this and like a just mother has therefore made the earth more fertile, more productive, as a compensation. An hour’s work under that burning sun, in the midst of pernicious influences springing from nature in activity, is equal to a day’s work in a temperate climate; it is, then, just that the earth yields a hundred fold!  Moreover, do we not see the active European, who feels the fresh blood of spring boil in his veins, do we not see him abandon his labors, during the few days of his variable summer, close his office — where the work is not violent and amounts for many to talking and gesticulating in the shade beside a lunch stand — flee to watering places, sit in the cafes or stroll about.  What wonder then that the inhabitant of tropical countries, worn out and with his blood thinned by the continuous and excessive heat is reduced to inaction?  Who is the indolent one in the Manila offices?  Is it the poor clerk who comes in at eight in the morning and leaves at one in the afternoon with only his parasol, who copies and writes and works for himself and for his chief, or is it the chief, who comes in a carriage at ten o’clock, leaves before twelve, reads his newspaper while smoking and with his feet cocked up on a chair or a table, or gossiping about all his friends?  What is indolent, the native coadjutor, poorly paid and badly treated, who has to visit all the indigent sick living in the country, or the friar curate who gets fabulously rich, goes about in a carriage, eats and drinks well, and does not put himself to any trouble without collecting an excessive fee?

Without speaking further of the Europeans in what violent labor does the Chinaman engage in tropical countries, the industrious Chinaman, who flees from his own country driven by hunger and whose whole ambition is to amass a small fortune?  With the exception of some porters, an occupation that the natives also follow, he nearly always engages in the trade, in commerce; so rarely does he take up agriculture that we do not know of a single case.  The Chinaman who in other colonies cultivates the soil does so only for a certain number of years and then retires.

We find, then, the tendency to indolence very natural, and have to admit and bless it, for we cannot alter natural laws, and without it the race would have disappeared. l Man is not a brute, he is not a machine, his object is not merely to produce, in spite of the pretensions of some Christian whites who would make of the colored Christian a kind of motive power somewhat more intelligent and less costly than steam.  Man’s object is not to satisfy the passions of another man, his object is to seek happiness for himself and his kind by traveling along the road of progress and perfection.

The evil is not that indolence exists more or less latently but that it is fostered and magnified.  Among men, as well as among nations, there exist not only, aptitudes but also tendencies good and evil.  To foster the good ones and aid them, as well as correct the evil and repress them, would be the duty of society and government, if less noble thoughts did not occupy their attention.  The evil is that the indolence in the Philippines is a magnified indolence, an indolence of the snowball type, if we may be permitted the expression, an evil that increases in direct proportion to the periods of time, and  effect  of misgovernment and of backwardness, as we have said, and not a  cause  thereof.  Others will hold the contrary opinion, especially those who have a hand in the misgovernment, but we do not care; we have made an assertion and are going to prove it.

… When in consequence of a long chronic illness the condition of the patient is examined, the question may arise whether the weakening of the fibers and the debility of the organs are the cause of the malady’s continuing or the effect of the bad treatment that prolongs its action.  The attending physician attributes the entire failure of his skill to the poor constitution of the patient, to the climate, to the surroundings, and so on.  On the other hand, the patient attributes the aggravation of the evil to the system of treatment followed.  Only the common crowd, the inquisitive populace, shakes its head and cannot reach a decision.

Something like this happens in the case of the Philippines.  Instead of a physician, read government, that is friars, employees, etc.  Instead of patient, Philippines; instead of malady, indolence.

And just as happens in similar cases when the patient gets worse, everybody loses his head, each one dodges the responsibility to place it upon somebody else, and instead of seeking the causes in order to combat the evil in them, devotes himself at best to attacking the symptoms; here a blood-letting, a tax; there a plaster, forced labor, further on a sedative, a trifling reform.  Every new arrival proposes a new remedy; one, seasons of prayer, the relics of a saint, the viaticum, the friars; another shower-bath; still another, with pretensions to modern ideas, a transfusion of blood.  “It’s nothing, only the patient has eight million indolent red corpuscles; some few white corpuscles in the form of an agricultural colony will get us out of the trouble.”

So, on all sides there are groans, gnawing of lips, clenching of fists, many hollow words, great ignorance, a deal of talk, a lot of fear.  The patient is near his finish!

Yes, transfusion of blood, transfusion of blood!  New life, new vitality!  Yes, new white corpuscles that you are going to inject into its veins, the new white corpuscles that were a cancer in another organism will withstand all the depravity of the system, will have more stamina than all the degeneration, all the trouble in the principal organs.  Be thankful if they do not become coagulations and produce gangrene, be thankful if they do not reproduce the cancer!

While the patient breathes, we must not lose hope, and however late we may be, a judicious examination is never superfluous; at least the cause of death may be known.  We are not trying to put all the blame on the physician, and still less on the patient, for we have already spoken of a predisposition, in the absence of which the race would disappear, sacrificed to excessive labor in a tropical country.

Indolence in the Philippines is a chronic malady, but not a hereditary one.  The Filipinos have not always been what they are, witnesses whereto are all the historians of the first years after the discovery of the Islands.

Before the arrival of the Europeans, the Malayan Filipinos carried on an active trade, no only among themselves but also with all the neighboring countries.  A Chinese manuscript of the 13th century, translated by Dr. Hirth ( Globus , September, 1889), which we will take up at another time, speaks of China’s relations with the islands, relations purely commercial, which mention is made of the activity and honesty of the traders of Luzon, who took the Chinese products and distributed them throughout all the islands, for the merchandise that the Chinaman did not remember to have given them.  The products which they in exchange exported from the islands were crude wax, cotton, pearls, tortoise shell, betel-nuts, dry goods, etc.

The first thing noticed by Pigafetta who came with Magellan in 1521, on arriving at the first island of the Philippines, Samar, was the courtesy and kindness of the inhabitants and their commerce.  “To honor our captain,” he says, “they conducted him to their boats where they had their merchandise, which consisted of cloves, cinnamon, pepper, nutmegs, mace, gold and other things; and they made us understand by gestures that such articles were to be found in the islands to which we were going.”

Further on he speaks of the vessels and utensils of solid gold that he found in Butuan where the people worked in mines.  He describes the silk dresses, the daggers with long gold hilts and scabbards of carved wood, the gold sets of teeth, etc.  Among cereals and fruits he mentions rice, millet, oranges, lemons, panicum, etc.

That the islands maintained relations with neighboring countries and even with distant ones is proven by the ships from Siam, laden with gold and slaves, that Magellan found in Cebu.  These ships paid certain duties to the king of the island.  In the same year, 1521, the survivors of Magellan’s expedition met the son of the Rajah of Luzon, who, as captain-general of the Sultan of Borneo and admiral of his fleet, had conquered for him the great city of Lave (Sarawak ?).  Might this captain, who was greatly feared by all his foes, have been the Rajah Matanda whom the Spaniards afterwards encountered in Tondo in 1570?

In 1539 the warriors of Luzon took part in the formidable contests of Sumatra, and under the orders of Angi Sity Timor, Rajah of Batta, conquered and overthrew the terrible Alzadin, Sultan of Atchin, renowned in the historical annals of the Far East.  (Marseen,  History of Sumatra , chapter 20)

At that time, that sea where float the islands like a set of emeralds on a paten of bright glass, that sea was everywhere traversed by junks,  paraus ,  barangays ,  vintas , vessels swift as shuttles so large that they could maintain a hundred rowers on a side (Morga); that sea bore everywhere commerce, industry, agriculture, by the force of the oars moved to the sound of warlike songs of the genealogies and achievements of the Philippine divinities.  (Colin, Chapter 15)

Wealth abounded in the islands.  Pigafetta tells us of the abundance of foodstuffs in Pragua and of its inhabitants, who nearly all tilled their own fields.  At this island the survivors of Magellan’s expedition were well received and provisioned.  A little later, these same survivors captured a vessel, plundered and sacked it and took prisoner in it the chief of the Island of Paragua with his son and brother.

In this same vessel they captured bronze lombards, and this is the first mention of artillery of the Filipino, for these lombards were useful to the chief of Paragua against the savages of the interior.

They let him ransom himself within seven days, demanding 400 measures ( cavanes  ?) of rice, 20 pigs, 20 goats, and 450 chickens.  This is the first act of piracy recorded in Philippine history.  The chief of Paragua paid everything, and moreover, voluntarily added coconuts, bananas, and sugar-cane jars filled with palm wine.  When Caesar was taken prisoner by the corsairs and required to pay twenty-five talents ransom, he replied, “I’ll give you fifty, but later I’ll have you crucified!”  The chief of Paragua was more generous: he forgot.  His conduct, while it may reveal weakness, also demonstrates that the islands ere abundantly provisioned.  This chief was named Tuan Mahamud; his brother, Guantil, and his son, Tuan Mahamud.  (Martin Mendez, Purser of the ship  Victoria : Archivo de Indias.)

A very extraordinary thing, and one that shows the facility with which the natives learned Spanish, is that fifty years before the arrival of the Spaniards in Luzon, in that very year 1521, when they first came to the islands, there were already natives of Luzon who understood Castilian.  In the treaties of peace that the survivors of Magellan’s expedition made with the chief of Paragua, when the servant-interpreter died they communicated with one another through a Moro who had been captured in the island of the King of Luzon and who understood some Spanish (Martin Mendez;  op cit. )  Where did this extemporaneous interpreter learn Castilian?  In the Moluccas?  In Malacca, with the Portuguese?  Spaniards did not reach Luzon until 1571.

Legazpi’s expedition met in Butuan various traders of Luzon with their boats laden with iron, cloths, porcelain, etc.  (Gaspar de San Agustin) plenty of provisions, activity, trade, movement in all the southern islands.

They arrived at the Island of Cebu, “abounding in provisions, with mines and washings of gold, and peopled with natives, “as Morga says: “very populous, and at a port frequented by many ships that came from the islands and kingdoms near India,” as Colin says: and even though they were peacefully received discord soon arose.  The city was taken by force and burned.  The first destroyed the food supplies and naturally famine broke out in that town of a hundred thousand people, as the historians say, and among the members of the expedition, but the neighboring islands quickly relieved the need, thanks to the abundance they enjoyed.

All the histories of those first years, in short, abound in long accounts about the industry and agriculture of the natives; mines, gold-washings, looms, farms, barter, naval construction, raising of poultry and stock, weaving of silk and cotton, distilleries, manufactures of arms, pearl fisheries, the civet industry, the horn and hide industry, etc., are things encountered at every step, and considering the time and the conditions in the islands, prove that there was life, there was activity, there was movement.

And if this, which is deduction, does not convince any minds imbued with unfair prejudices perhaps, of some avail may be the testimony of the oft-quoted Dr. Morga, who was Lieutenant-Governor of Manila for seven years and after rendering great service in the Archipelago was appointed criminal judge of the Audiencia of Mexico and Counselor of the Inquisition.  His testimony, we say, is highly credible, not only because all his contemporaries have spoken of him in terms that border on veneration but also because his work, from which we take these citations, is written with great circumspection and care, as well with reference to the authorities in the Philippines as to the errors they committed.  “The natives,” says Morga, in Chapter Seven, speaking of the occupations of the Chinese, “are very far from exercising those trade and have forgotten much about farming, raising poultry, stock and cotton, and weaving cloth.  As they used to do in their Paganism and for a long time after the country was conquered.”

The whole Chapter 8 of his work deals with this moribund activity, this much forgotten industry, and yet in spite of that, how long is his eighth chapter!

And not only Morga, not also Chirinco, Colin, Argensola, Gaspar de San Agustin and others agree to this matter, but modern travelers, after two hundred and fifty years, examining the decadence and misery, assert the same thing.  Dr. Hans Meyer, when he saw the tribes not subdued cultivating beautiful fields and working energetically, asked if they would not become indolent when they in turn should accept Christianity and a paternal government.

Accordingly, the Filipinos in spite of the climate, in spite of their few needs (they were less then than now), were not the indolent creatures of our time, and, as we shall see later on, their ethics and their mode of life were not what is not complacently attributed to them.

How then, and in what way, was that active and enterprising infidel native of ancient times converted into the lazy and indolent Christian, as our contemporary writers say?

We have already spoken of the more or less latent predisposition which exists in the Philippines toward indolence, and which must exist everywhere, in the whole world, in all men, because we all hate work more or less, as it may be more or less hard, more ore less unproductive.  The  dolce far niente  of the Italian, the  rascarse la barriga  of the Spaniard, the supreme aspiration of the bourgeois to live on his income in peace and tranquility, attest this.

What causes operated to awake this terrible predisposition from its lethargy?  How is it that the Filipino people, so fond of its customs as to border on routine, has given up its ancient habits of work, of trade, of navigation, etc., even to the extent of completely forgetting its past?

… A fatal combination of circumstances, some independent of the will in spite of men’s efforts, others in offspring of stupidity and ignorance, others the inevitable corollaries of false principles, and still others the result of more or less base passions, has induced the decline of labor, an evil which instead of being remedies by prudence, mature reflection and recognition of the mistakes made, through a deplorable policy, through regrettable blindness and obstinacy, has gone from bad to worse until it has reached the condition in which we now see it.

First came the wars, the internal disorders which the new change of affairs naturally brought with it.  It was necessary to subject the people either by cajolery or force; there were fights, there was slaughter; those who had submitted peacefully seemed to repent of it; insurrections were suspected, and some occurred; naturally there were executions, and many capable laborers perished. Add to this condition of disorder the invasion of Li-Mahong; add continual wars into which the inhabitants of the Philippines were pledged to maintain the honor of Spain, to extend the sway of her flag in Borneo, in the Moluccas and in Indo-China; to repel the Dutch foe; costly wars, fruitless expeditions, in which each time thousands and thousands of native archers and rowers were recorded to have embarked, but whether they returned to their homes was never stated.  Like the tribute that once upon a time Greece sent to the Minotaur of Crete, the Philippine youth embarked for the expedition, saying goodbye to their country forever; on their horizon were the stormy sea, the interminable wars, the rash expeditions.  Wherefore, Gaspar de San Agustin says: “Although anciently there were in this town of  Dumangas  many people, in the course of time they have very greatly diminished because the natives are the best sailors and most skillful rowers  on the whole coast, and so the governors in the port of Iloilo take  most of the people  from this town for the ships that they send abroad . . . When the Spaniards reached this island (Panay) it is said that there were on it more than fifty thousand families; but these diminished greatly . . . and at present they may amount to some fourteen thousand tributaries.”  From fifty thousand families to fourteen thousand tributaries in little over half a century!

We would never get through, had we to quote all the evidence of the authors regarding the frightful diminution of the inhabitants of the Philippines in the first years after the discovery.  In the time of their first bishop, that is, ten years after Legazpi.  Philip II said that they had been reduced to less than two-thirds.

Add to these fatal expeditions that wasted all the moral and material energies of the country, the frightful inroads of the terrible pirates from the south, instigated and encouraged by the government, first in order to get a complaint and afterwards disarm the islands subjected to it, inroads that reached the very shores of Manila, even Malate itself, and during which were sen to set out for captivity and slavery, in the baleful glow of burning villages, strings of wretches who had been unable to defend themselves, leaving behind them the ashes of their homes and the corpses of their parents and children.  Morga, who recounts the first piratical invasion, says: “The boldness of these people of Mindanao did great damage to the Visayan Island, as much by what they did in them as by the fear and fright which  the native acquired, because the latter were in the power of the Spaniards who held them subject and tributary and unarmed,  in such manner that they did not protect them from their enemies or leave the means with which to defend themselves,  AS THEY DID WHEN THERE WERE NO SPANIARDS IN THE COUNTRY.”  These piratical attacks continually reduce the number of the inhabitants of the Philippines, since the independent Malays were especially notorious for their atrocities and murders, sometimes because they believed that to preserve their independence it was necessary to weaken the Spaniard by reducing the number of his subjects, sometimes because a greater hatred and a deeper resentment inspired them against the Christian Filipino who, being of their own race, served the stranger in order to deprive them of their precious liberty.  These expeditions lasted about three centuries, being repeated five and ten times a year, and each expedition cost the island over eight hundred prisoners.

“With the invasions of the pirates from Sulu and Mindanao,” says Padre Gaspar de San Agustin, (the island of Bantayan, near Cebu) “has greatly reduced, because they easily captured the people there, since the latter had no place to fortify themselves and were far from help from Cebu.  The hostile Sulus did great damage in this island in 1608, leaving it almost depopulated.”  (Page 380)

These rough attacks, coming from without, produced a counter effect in the interior, which, carried out medical comparisons was like a purge or diet in an individual who has just lost a great deal of blood.  In order to make headway against so many calamities, to secure their sovereignty and take the offensive in these disastrous contests, to isolate the warlike Sulus from their neighbors in the south, to care for the needs of the empire of the Indies (for one of the reasons why the Philippines were kept, as contemporary documents prove, ws their strategic position between New Spain and the Indies), to wrest from the Dutch their growing colonies of the Molluccas and get red of some troublesome neighbors, to maintain, in short, the trade of China and New Spain, it was necessary to construct new and large ships which, as we have seen, costly as they were to the country for their equipment and the rowers they required, were not less so because of the manner in which they were constructed.  Padre Fernando de lost Rios Coronel, who fought in these wards and later turned priest, speaking of these King’s ships, said, “As they were so large, the timber needed was scarcely to be found in the forests (of the Philippines?), and thus it was necessary to seek it with great difficulty in the most remote of them, where, once found, in order to haul and convey it to the shipyard the  towns of the surrounding country had to be depopulated of natives, who get it out with immense labor, damage, and cost to them.   The natives furnished the masts for a galleon, according to the assertion of the Franciscans, and I heard the governor of the province where they were cut, which is Laguna de Bay, say that to haul them seven leagues over very broken mountains 6,000 natives were engaged three months, without furnishing them food, which the wretched native had to seek for himself!”   And Gaspar de San Agustin says: “In these times (1690), Bacolor has not the people that it had in the past because of the uprising in that province when Don Sabiniano Manrique de Lara was Governor of these islands and because of the continual labor of cutting timber for his Majesty’s shipyards, which hinders them from cultivating the very fertile plain they have.

If this is not sufficient to explain the depopulation of the islands and the abandonment of industry, agriculture and commerce, then add “the natives who were executed, those who left their wives and children and fled in disgust to the mountains, those who were sold into slavery to pay the taxes levied upon them,” as Fernando de los Rios Coronel says; add to all this what Philip II said in reprimanding Bishop Salazar about “natives sold to some encomenderos  to others, those flogged to death, the women who are crushed to death by their heavy burdens, those who sleep in the fields and bear and nurse their children and die bitten by poisonous vermin, the many who are executed and left to die of hunger and those who eat poisonous herbs . . . and the mothers who kill their children in bearing them,” and you will understand how in less than thirty years the population of the Philippines was reduced one-third.  We are not saying this: it was said by Gaspar de San Agustin, the preeminently anti-Filipino Augustinian, and he confirms it throughout the rest of his work by speaking every moment of the state of neglect in which lay the farms and field once so flourishing and so well cultivated, the town thinned that had formerly been inhabited by many leading families!

How is it strange, then, that discouragement may have been infused into the spirit of the inhabitants of the Philippines, when in the midst of so many calamities they did not know whether they would see sprout the seed they were planting, whether their field was going to be their grave or their crop would go to feed their executioner?  What is there strange in it, when we see the pious but impotent friars of that time trying to free their poor parishioners from the tyranny of the encomenderos by advising them to stop work in the mines, to abandon their commerce, to break up their looms, pointing out to them heaven for their whole hope, preparing them for death as their only consolation?

Man works for an object.  Remove the object and you reduce him to inaction.  The most active man in the world will fold his arms from the instant he understands that it is madness to bestir himself, that this work will be the cause of his trouble, that for him it will be the cause of vexations at home and of the pirate’s greed abroad.  It seems that these thoughts have never entered the minds of those who cry out against the indolence of the Filipinos.

Even were the Filipino not a man like the rest, even were we to suppose that zeal in him for work was as essential as the movement of a wheel caught in the gearing of others in motion; even were we to deny him foresight and the judgment that the past and present form, there would still be left us another reason to explain the attack of the evil.  The abandonment of the fields by their cultivators, whom the wars and piratical attacks dragged from their homes was sufficient to reduce to nothing the hard labor of so many generations.  In the Philippines abandon for a year the land most beautifully tended and you will see how you will have to begin all over again: the rain will wipe out the furrows, the floods will drown the seeds, pants and bushes will grow up everywhere, and on seeing so much useless labor the hand will drop the hoe, the laborer will desert his plow.  Isn’t there left the fine life of the pirate?

Thus is understood that sad discouragement which we find in the friar writers of the 17th century, speaking of once very fertile plains submerged, of provinces and towns depopulate, of leading families exterminated.  These pages resemble a sad and monotonous scene in the night after a lively day.  Of Cagayan, Padre Agustin speaks with mournful brevity: “A great deal of cotton, of which they made good cloth that the Chinese and Japanese every year  bought  and  carried   away.”  In the historian’s time, the industry and the trade had come to an end.

It seems that there are causes more than sufficient to breed indolence in the midst of a beehive.  Thus is explained why, after thirty-two years of the system, the circumspect and prudent Morga said that the natives  have forgotten much about farming, raising poultry, stock and cotton and weaving cloth, as they used to do in their paganism and  for a long time after the country had been conquered!”

Still they struggled a long time against indolence, yes: but their enemies were so numerous that at last they gave up!

… We recognize the causes that awoke the predisposition and provoked the evil: now let us see what foster and sustain it.  In this connection government and governed have to bow our heads and say: “We deserve our fate.”

We have already truly said that when a house becomes disturbed and disordered, we should not accuse the youngest child or the servants, but the head of it, especially if his authority is unlimited.  He who does not act freely is not responsible for his actions; and the Filipino people, not being master of its liberty, is not responsible for either its misfortunes or its woes.  We say this, it is true, but, as well as seen later on, we also have a large part in the continuation of such a disorder.

The following other causes contributed to foster the evil and aggravate it; the constantly lessening encouragement that labor has met with in the Philippines.  Fearing to have the Filipinos deal frequently with other individuals of their own race, who were free and independent, as the Borneans, the Siamese, the Cambodians, and the Japanese, people who in their customs and feeling differ greatly from the Chinese, the government acted toward these others with great mistrust and great severity, as Morga testifies in the last pages of his work, until they finally ceased to come to the country.  In fact, it seems that once an uprising planned by he Borneans was suspected: we say;  suspected , for there was not even an attempt, although there were many executions.  And as thse nations wee the very ones that consumed Philippine products, when all communication with them had been cut off, consumption of these products also ceased.  The only two countries with which the Philippines continued to have relations were China and Mexico, or New Spain, and from this trade only China and a few private individuals in Manila got any benefit.  In fact, the Celestial Empire sent her junks laden with merchandise, that merchandise which shut down the factories of Seville and ruined the Spanish industry, and returned laden in exchange with the silver that was every year sent from Mexico.  Nothing from the Philippines at that time went to China, not even gold, for in those years the Chinese trades would accept no payment but silver coin.  To Mexico went a little more: some cloth and dry goods which the  encomenderos  took by force or bought from the natives at a paltry; price, wax, amber, gold, civet, etc; but nothing more, and not even in great quantity, as is stated by Admiral Don Jeronimo de Benelos y Carrilo, when he  begged the King that  “the inhabitants of the Manilas be permitted (1) to load as many ships as they could with native products, such as wax, gold, perfumes, ivory, cotton cloths, which they would have to buy from the natives of the country. . .  Thus friendship of these peoples would be gained, they would furnish New Spain with their merchandise and the money that is brought to Manila would not leave this place.”   The coastwise trade, so active in other times, had to die out, thanks to the piratical attacks of the Malays of the south; and trade in the interior of the islands almost entirely disappeared, owing to restrictions, passports and other administrative requirements.

Of no little importance were the hindrance and obstacles that from the beginning were thrown in the farmer’s way by the rules, who were influenced by childish fear and saw everywhere signs of conspiracies and uprisings.  The natives were not allowed to go to their labors, that is, their farms,  without permission of the governor, or of his agents and officers, and even of the priests  as Morga says.  Those who know the administrative slackness and confusion in a country where the officials work scarcely two hours a day; those who know the cost of going to and returning form the capital to the little tyrants will well understand how with this crude arrangement it is possible to have the most absurd agriculture.  True it is that for sometime this absurdity which would be ludicrous had it not been so serious, had disappeared; but even if the words have gone out of use other facts and other provisions have replaced them.  The Moro pirate has disappeared but there remains the outlaw who infests the fields and waylays the farmer to hold him for ransom.  Now then, the government, which has a constant fear of the people, denies to the farmers even the use of a shotgun, or if it does allow it does so very grudgingly and withdraws it at pleasure; whence it results with the laborer, who, thanks to his means of defense, plants his crops and invests his meager fortune in the furrows that he has so laboriously opened, that when his crop matures it occurs to the government, which is impotent to suppress brigandage, to deprive him of his weapon; and then, without defense and without security, he is reduced to inaction and abandons his field, his work, and takes to gambling as the best means of securing a livelihood.  The green cloth is under the protection of the government, it is safer!  A mournful counselor is fear, for it not only causes weakness but also in casting aside the weapons, strengthens the very persecutor!

The sordid return the native gets from his work has the effect of discouraging him.  We know from history that the encomenderos , after reducing many to slavery and forcing them to work for their benefit, made others give up their merchandise for a trife or nothing at all, or cheated them with the measures.

Speaking of Ipion, in Panay, Padre Gaspar de San Agustin says: “It was in ancient times very rich in  gold  . . . but provoked by he annoyances they suffered from some governors they have  ceased to get it out, preferring to live in poverty than to suffer such hardships.” (page 378) Further on, speaking of other towns, he says: “Boaded by ill treatment of the  encomenderos  who in administering justice have treated the natives as their slaves and not as their children, and have only looked after their own interests at the expense of the wretched fortunes and lives of their charges. . . (Page 422)  Further on, “In Leyte, they tried to kill an encomendero  of the town of Dagami on account of the great hardships he made them suffer by exacting tribute of wax from them with a steelyard which he had made twice as long as others. . .”

This state of affairs lasted a long time and still lasts, in spite of the fact that the breed of  encomenderos  has become extinct.  A term passes away but the evil and the passions engendered do not pass away so long as reforms are devoted solely to changing the names.

The wars with the Dutch, the inroads and piratical attacks of the people of Sulu land Mindanao disappeared; the people have been transformed; new towns have grown up while others have become impoverished; but the frauds subsisted as much as or worse than they did in those early years.  We will not cite our own experiences for aside from the fact that we do not know which to select, critical persons may reproach us with partiality; neither will we cite those of other Filipinos who write in the newspapers, but we shall confine ourselves to translating the words of a modern French traveler who as in the Philippines for a long time.

“The good curate,” he says with reference to the rosy picture a friar had given him of the Philippines, “had not told me about the governor, the foremost official of the district, who was too much taken up with the ideal of getting rich to have time to tyrannize over his docile subjects; the governor, charged with ruling the country and collecting the various taxes in the government’s name,  devoted himself almost wholly to trade; in his hands the high and noble functions he performs are nothing more  than instruments of gain.  He monopolizes all the business and instead of developing on his part the love of work, instead of stimulating the too natural indolence of the natives, he with abuse of his powers thinks only of destroying all competition that may trouble him or attempts to participate in his profits.  It maters little to him that the country is impoverished, without cultivation, without commerce, without industry, just so the governor is quickly enriched.”   Yet the traveler has been unfair in picking out the  governor especially.  Why only the governor?

We do not cite passages from other authors, because we have not their works at hand and do not wish to quote from memory.

The great difficulty that every enterprise encountered with the administration contributed not a little to kill off all commercial and industrial movement.  All the Filipinos, as well as all those who have tried to engage in business in the Philippines, know how many documents, what comings, how many stamped papers, how much patience is needed to secure from the government a permit for an enterprise.  One must count upon the good will of this one, on the influence of that one, on a good bribe to another in order that the application be not pigeon-holed, a present to the one further on so that it may pass it on to his chief; one must pray to God to give him good humor and time to see and examine it; to another, talent to recognize its expediency; to one further on sufficient stupidity not to scent behind the enterprise an insurrectionary purpose land that they may not all spend the time taking baths, hunting or playing cards with the reverend friars in their convents or country houses.  And above all, great patience, great knowledge of how to get along, plenty of money, a great deal of politics, many salutations, great influence, plenty of presents and complete resignation!  How is it strange that the Philippines remain poor in spite of the fertile soil, when history tells us that the countries now the most flourishing date their development from the day of their liberty and civil rights?  The most commercial and most industrious countries have been the freest countries.  France, England and the United States prove this.  Hong Kong, which is not worth the most insignificant of the Philippines, has more commercial movement than all the islands together, because it is free and is well governed.

The trade with China, which was the whole occupation of the colonizers of the Philippines, was not only prejudicial to Spain but also the life of her colonies; in fact, when the officials and private persons in Manila found an easy method of getting rich they neglected everything.  They paid no attention either to cultivating the soil or to fostering industry; and wherefore?  China furnished the trade, and they had only to take advantage of it and pick up the gold that dropped out on its way from Mexico toward the interior of China, the gulf whence it never returned.  The pernicious example of the dominators in surrounding themselves with servants and despising manual or corporal labor as a thing unbecoming the nobility and chivalrous pride of the heroes of so many centuries; those lordly airs, which the natives have translated into  tila ka castila , and the desire of the dominated to be the equal of the dominators, if not essentially, at least in their manners; all this had naturally to produce aversion to activity and fear or hatred of work.

Moreover, “Why work?” asked the natives.  The curate says that the rich man will not go to heaven.  The rich man on earth is liable to all kinds of trouble, to be appointed a  cabeza de barangay , to be deported if an uprising occurs, to be forced banker of the military chief of the town, who to reward him for favors received seizes his laborers and his stock in order to force him to beg money and thus easily pays up.  Why be rich?  So that all the officers of justice may have a lynx eye on your actions, so that at the least slip enemies may be raised up against you, you may be indicted, a whole complicated and labyrinthine story may be concocted against you, for which you can only get away, not by the tread of Ariadme but by Dane’s shower of gold, and still give thanks that you are not kept in reserve for some needy occasion.  The native, whom they pretend to regard as an imbecile, is not so much so that he does not understand that it is ridiculous to work himself to death to become worse off.  A proverb of his says  the pig is cooked in its own lard , and as among his bad qualities he has the good one of applying to himself all the criticisms and censures he refers to live miserable and indolent rather than play the part of the wretched beast of burden.

Add to this the introduction of gambling.  We do not mean to say that before the coming of the Spaniards the natives did not gamble: the passion for gambling is innate in adventuresome and excitable races, and such is the Malay, Pigafetta tells us of cockfights and of bets in the Island of Paragua.  Cock-fighting must also have existed in Luzon and in all the islands, for in the terminology of the game are two Tagalog words:  sabong  and  tari (cockpit and gaff).  But there is not the least doubt that the fostering of this game is due to the government, as well as the perfecting of it.  Although Pigafetta tells us of it, he mentions it only in Paragua, and ot in Cebu nor in any other island of the south, where he stayed a long time.  Morga does not speak of it, in spite of his having spent seven years in Manila, and yet he does describe the kinds of fowl, the jungle hens and cocks.  Neither does Morga speak of gambling, when he talks about vices and other defects, more or lest concealed, more or less insignificant.  Moreover excepting the two Tagalog words  sabong  and  tari , the others are of Spanish origan as  soltada  (setting the cocks to fight, then the fight itself),  pusta  ( apusta ,   bet) ,   logro  (winning),  pago (payment), etc.  We say the same about gamblilng; the word sugal  ( jugar , to gamble), like  kumpistal  ( confesar , to confess to a priest), indicates that gambling was unknown in the Philippines before the Spaniards.  The word  laro  (Tagalog: to play) is not the equivalent of the word  sugal .  The word play ( baraja , playing card) proves that the introduction of playing cards was not due to the Chinese, who have a kind of playing cards also, because in that case they would have taken the Chinese name. What else?  The word  taya  ( tallar , to bet),  paris-paris  (Spanish, pares , pairs of cards),  politana  ( napolitana  a winning sequence of cards),  sapote  (to stack the cards),  kapote  (to slam),  monte , and so on, all prove the foreign origin of this terrible plant, which only produces vice and which has found in the character of the native a fit soil, cultivated circumstances.

Along with gambling, which breeds dislike for steady and difficult toil by its promise of sudden wealth and its appeal to the emotions, with the lotteries, with the prodigality and hospitality of the Filipinos, went also, to swell the train of misfortunes, the religious functions, the great number of fiestas, the long masses for the women to spend their mornings and the novenaries to spend their afternoons, and the nights for the processions and rosaries.  Remember, that lack of capital and absence of means paralyze all movement, and you will see how the native was perforce to be indolent for if any money might remain to him from the trials, imposts and exactions, he would have to give it to the curate for bulls, scapularies, candles, novenaries, etc.  And if this does not suffice to form an indolent character, if the climate and nature are not enough in themselves to daze him and deprive him of all energy, recall then that the doctrine of his religion teach him to irrigate his fields in the dry season, not by means of canals but with amasses and prayers; to preserve his stock during an epidemic with holy water, exorcisms and benedictions that cost five dollars an animal, to drive away the locusts by a procession with the image of St. Augustine, etc.  It is well, undoubtedly, to trust greatly in God; but it is better to do what one can not trouble the Creator every moment, even when these appeals redound to the benefit of His ministers.  We have noticed that the countries which believe most in miracles are the laziest, just as spoiled children are the most ill-mannered.  Whether they believe in miracles to palliate their laziness or they are lazy because they believe in miracles, we cannot say; but he fact is the Filipinos were much less lazy before the word  miracle  was introduced into their language.

The facility with which individual liberty is curtailed, that continual alarm of all from the knowledge that they are liable to a secret report, a governmental ukase, and to the accusation of rebel or suspect, an accusation which, to be effective, does not need proof or the production of the accuser.  With the lack of confidence in the future, that uncertainty of reaping the reward of labor, as in a city stricken with plague, everybody yields to fate, shuts himself in his house or goes about amusing himself in an attempt to spend the few days that remain to him in the least disagreeable way possible.

The apathy of the government itself toward everything in commerce and agriculture contributes not a little to foster indolence.  Three is no encouragement at all for the manufacturer or for the farmer, the government furnishes no aid either when a poor crop comers, when the locusts sweep over the fields, or when cyclone destroys in its passage the wealth of the soil; nor does it take any trouble to seek a market for the products of its colonies.  Why should it do so when these same products are burdened with taxes and imposts and have no free entry into the ports of the mother country, nor is their consumption there encouraged?  While we see all the walls of London covered with advertisements of the products of its colonies, while the English make heroic efforts to substitute Ceylon for Chinese tea, beginning with the sacrifice of their taste and their stomach, in Spain, with the exception of tobacco, nothing from the Philippines is known; neither its sugar, coffee, hemp, fine cloths, nor its Ilocano blankets.  The name of Manila is known only from those cloths of China or Indo-China which at one time reached Spain by way of Manila, heavy silk shawls, fantastically but coarsely embroidered, which no one has thought of imitating in Manila since they are so easily made; but the government has other cares, and the Filipinos do not know that such objects are more highly esteemed in the Peninsula than their delicate  piña embroideries and their vey fine  jusi  fabrics.  Thus disappeared our trade in indigo, thanks to the trickery of the Chinese, which the government could not guard against, occupied as it was with other thoughts; thus die now the other industries, the fine manufacturers of the Visayas are gradually disappearing from trade and even from use; the people, continually getting poorer, cannot afford the costly cloths, and have to be contented with calico or the imitations of the Germans, who produce imitations even of the work of our silversmiths.

The fact that the best plantations, the best tracts of land in some provinces, those that from their easy access are more profitable than others, are in the hands of the religious corporations, whose desideratum is ignorance and condition of semi-starvation of the native, so that they may, continue to govern him and make themselves necessary to his wretched existence, is one of the reasons why many tows do not progress in spite of the efforts of their inhabitants.  We will be met with the objection, as an argument on the other side, that the towns which belong to the friars are comparatively richer than those which do not belong to them.  They surely are! just as their brethren in Europe, in founding their convents, knew how to select the best valleys, the best uplands for the cultivation of the vine or the production of beer, so also the Philippine monks have known how to selecte the best towns, the beautiful plains, the well-watered fields, to make of them rich plantations.  For some time the friars have deceived many by making them believe that if these plantations were prospering, it was because they were under their care, and the indolence of the natives was thus emphasized; but they forget that in some provinces where they have not been able for some reason to get possession of the best tracts of land, their plantations, like Bauan and Liang, are inferior to Taal, Balayan, and Lipa, regions cultivated entirely by the natives without any monkish interference whatsoever.

Add to this lack of material inducement the absence of moral stimulus and you will see how he who is not indolent in that country must needs be a madman or at least a fool.  What future awaits him who distinguishes himself, him who studies, who rise above the crowd?  At the cost of study and sacrifice a young man becomes a great chemist, and after a long course of training, wherein neither the government nor anybody has given him the least help, he concludes his long stay in the University.  A competitive examination is held to fill a certain position.  The young man wins this through knowledge and perseverance, and after he has won it, it is abolished, because. . . we do not care to give the reason, but when a municipal laboratory is closed in order to abolish the position of director, who got his place by competitive examination, while other officers, such as the press censor, are preserved, it is because the belief exists that the light of progress may injure the people more than all the adulterated foods.  In the same way, another young man won a a prize in a literary competition, and as long as his origin was unknown his work was discussed, the newspapers praised it and it was regarded as a masterpiece but the sealed envelopes were opened, the winner proved to be a native, while among the losers there are Peninsulars; then all the newspapers hasten to extol the losers!  Not one word from the government, nor from anybody, to encourage the native who with so much affection has cultivated the language and letters of the mother country!

Finally passing over many other more or less insignificant reasons, the enumeration of which would be interminable, let us close this dreary list with the principal and most terrible of all: the education of the native.

From his birth until he sinks into his grave, the training of the native is brutalizing, depressive and anti-human (the word “inhuman” is not sufficiently explanatory; whether or not the Academy admits it, let it go).  There is no doubt that the government, some priests like the Jesuits and some Dominicans like Padre Benavides, have done a great deal by founding colleges, schools of primary instruction, and the like.  But this is not enough; their efforts is neutralized.  They amount ot five or ten years (years of a hundred and fifty days at most) during which the youth comes in contact with books selected by those very priests who boldly proclaim that it is evil for the natives to know Castilian, that the native should not be separated from his carabao, that he should not value any further aspirations, and so on; five to ten years during which the majority of the students have grasped nothing more than that no one understands what the books say, nor even the professors themselves perhaps; and these five to ten years have no offset the daily preachment which lowers the dignity of man, which by degrees brutally deprives him of the sentiment of self-esteem, that eternal, stubborn, constant labor to bow the native’s neck, to make him accept the yoke, to place him on a level with the beast — a labor aided by some persons, with or without the ability to write, which if it does not produce in some individuals the desired effect in others it has the opposite effect, like that of breaking of a cord that is stretched too tightly.  Thus while they attempt to make of the native a kind of animal, yet in exchange they demand of him divine actions.  And we say divine actions, because he must be a god who does not become indolent in that climate, surrounded by the circumstances mentioned.  Deprive a man, then, of his dignity, and you not only deprive him of his moral strength but you also make useless for those who wish to make use of him.  Every creature has its stimulus, its mainspring; man’s is his self-esteem.  Take it away from him and he is a corpse, and he who seeks activity in a corpse will encounter only worms. Thus is explained how the natives of the present time are no longer the same as those of the time of the discovery, neither morally nor physically.

The ancient writers, like Chirino, Morga, and Colin, take pleasure in describing them a  well-featured, with good aptitudes for any thing they take up, keen and susceptible and of resolute will, very clean and neat in their persons and clothing, and of good mien and bearing  (Morga).  Others delight in minute accounts of their intelligence and pleasant manners, of their aptitude for music, the drama, dancing and singing, of the faculty with which they learned, not only Spanish but also Latin, which they acquired almost by themselves (Colin); others of their exquisite politeness in their dealings and in their social life, others, like the first Augustinians, whose accounts Gaspar de San Agustin copies, found them more gallant and better mannered than the inhabitants of the Moluccas.   “All live off their husbandry,”  adds Morga,  “their farms, fisheries and enterprises , for they travel from island to island by sea and from province to province by land.”

In exchange, the writers of the present time, without being more gallant than Herman Cortez and Salcedo, nor more prudent than Legazpi, nor more manly than Morga, nor more prudent than Colin and Gaspar de San Agustin, our contemporary writers we say find that the native is a  creature something more than a monkey but much less than a man, an anthropoid, dull-witted, stupid, timid, dirty, cringing, ill-clothed, indolent, lazy brainless, immoral, etc. etc.   To what is this retrogression due?  Is it the delectable civilization, the religion of salvation of the friars, called of Jesus Christ by euphemism, that has produced this miracle that has atrophied his brain, paralyzed his heart and made of the man this sort of vicious animal that the writers depict?

Alas!  The whole misfortune of the present Filipinos consists in that they have become only half-way brutes.  The Filipino is convinced that to get happiness it is necessary for him to lay aside his dignity as a rational creature, to attend mass, to believe what is told him, to pay what is demanded of him, to pay and forever to pay; to work, suffer, and be silent, without aspiring any thing, without aspiring to know or even to understand Spanish, without separating himself from his carabao, as the priests shamelessly say, without protesting against any injustice, against any arbitrary action, against an assault, against an insult; that is, not to have heart, brain, or spirit; a creature with arms and a purse of gold. . . there’s the ideal native! unfortunately, or because of the brutalization is not yet complete and because the nature of man is inherent in his being in spite of his condition, the native protests; he still has aspirations, he thinks and strives to rise, and there’s the trouble!

… In the preceding chapter we set forth the causes that proceed from the government in fostering and maintaining the evil we are discussing.  Now it falls to us to analyze those that emanate from the people.  Peoples and governments are correlated and complementary: a stupid government would be an anomaly among righteous people, just as a corrupt people cannot exist under just rulers and wise laws.  Like people, like government, we will say in paraphrase of a popular adage.

We can reduce all these causes to two classes: to defects of training and lack of national sentiment.

Of the influence of climate we spoke at the beginning, so we will now treat of the effects arising from it.

The very limited training in the home, the tyrannical and sterile education of the rare centers of learning that blind subordination of the youth to one of greater age, influence the mind so that a man may not aspire to excel those who preceded him but must merely be content to go along with a march behind them.  Stagnation forcibly results from this, and as he who devotes himself merely to copying divests himself of other qualities suited to his own nature, he naturally becomes sterile; hence decadence.  Indolence is a corollary derived from the lack of stimulus and of vitality.

That modesty infused into the convictions of everyone, or, to speak more clearly, that insinuated inferiority, a sort of daily and constant depreciation of the mind so that it may not be raised to the regions of life, deadens the energies, paralyzes all tendencies toward advancement, and of the least struggle a man gives up without fighting.  If by one of those rare incidents, some wild spirit, that is some active one, excels, instead of his example stimulating, it only causes others to persist in their inaction.  “There’s one who will work for us; let’s sleep on!” say his relatives and friends.  True it is that the spirit of rivalry is sometimes awakened, only that then it awakens with bad humor in the guise of envy, and instead of being a lever for helping, it is an obstacle that produces discouragement.

Nurtured by the example of anchorites of a contemplative and lazy life, the natives spend theirs in giving their gold to the Church in the hope of miracles and other wonderful things.  Their will is hypnotized: from childhood they learned to act mechanically, without knowledge of the object, thanks to the exercise imposed upon them from the most tender years of praying for whole hours in an unknown tongue, of venerating things that they do not understand, of accepting beliefs that are not explained to them, to having absurdities imposed upon them, while the protests of reason are repressed.  Is it any wonder that with this vicious dressage  of intelligence and will the native, of old logical and consistent — as the analysis of his past and of his language demonstrates — should now be a mass of dismal contradictions?  That continual struggle between reason and duty, between his organism and his new ideals, that civil war which disturbs the peace of his conscience all his life, has the result of paralyzing all his energies, and aided by the severity of the climate, makes that eternal vacillation, of the doubts in his brain, the origin of his indolent disposition.

“You can’t know more than this or that old man!”  “Don’t aspire to be greater than the curate!”  “You belong to an inferior race!”  “You haven’t any energy!”  This is what they tell the child and they repeat it so often, it has perforce to become engraved in the mind and thence mould and pervade all his action.  The child or youth who tries to be anything else is blamed with vanity and presumption; the curate ridicules him with cruel sarcasm, his relatives look upon him with fear, strangers regard him with great compassion.  No forward movement — Get back in the ranks and keep in line!

With his spirit thus molded the native falls into the most pernicious of all routines: routine not planned but imposed and forced.  Note that the native himself is not naturally inclined to routine but his mind is disposed to accept all truth, just as his house is open to all strangers.  The good and the beautiful attract him, seduce and captivate him although like the the Japanese he often exchanges the good for the evil, if it appears to him garnished and gilded.  What he lacks is in the first place liberty to allow expansion to his adventuresome spirit, and good examples, beautiful prospects for the future.  It is necessary that his spirit, although it may be dismayed and cowed by the elements and the fearful manifestation of their mighty forces, store up energy, seek high purposes, in order to struggle against obstacles in the midst of unfavorable natural conditions.  In order that he may progress it is necessary that a revolutionary spirit, so to speak, should boil in his veins, since progress necessarily requires the present; the victory of new ideas over the ancient and accepted one.  It will not be sufficient to speak to his fancy, to talk nicely to him, nor that the light illuminate him like the ignis fatuus that leads travelers astray at night: all the flattering promises of the fairest hopes will not suffice, so long as his spirit is not free, his intelligence is not respected.

The reasons that originate in the lack of natural sentiment are still more lamentable and more transcendental.

Convinced by the insinuation of his inferiority, his spirit harassed by his education, if that brutalization of which we spoke above can be called education, in that exchange of usages and sentiments among different nations, the Filipino, to whom remain only his susceptibility and his poetical imagination, allows himself to be guided by his fancy and his self-love.  It is sufficient that the native product for him to hasten to make the change, without reflecting that everything has its weak side and the most sensible custom is ridiculous in the eyes of those who do not follow it.  They have dazzled him with tinsel, with strings of colored glass beads, with noisy rattles, shining mirrors and other trinkets, and he has given in return his gold, his conscience, and even his liberty.  He changed his religion for the external practices of another cult; the convictions and usages derived from his climate and needs, for other convictions that developed under another sky and another inspiration.  His spirit, well-disposed toward everything that looks good to him, was then transformed, at the pleasure of the nation that forced upon him its God and its law, and as the trader with whom he dealt did not bring a cargo of useful implements of iron, hoes to till the fields, but stamped papers, crucifixes, bulls and prayer-books, as he did not have for ideal and prototype the tanned and vigorous laborer, but the aristocratic Lord carried in a luxurious litter, the result was that the imitative people became bookish, devout, prayerful; it acquired ideas of luxury and ostentation, without thereby improving the means of its substance to a corresponding degree.

The lack of national sentiment brings another evil, moreover which is the absence of all opposition to measures prejudicial to the people and the absence of any initiative in whatever may redound to its good.  A man in the Philippines is only an individual, he is not a member of a nation.  He is forbidden and denied the right of association, and is, therefore, weak and sluggish.  The Philippines is an organism whose cells seem to have no arterial system to irrigate it or nervous system to communicate its impressions; these cells must, nevertheless, yield their product, get it where they can; if they perish, let them perish.  In the view of some this is expedient so that a colony may be a colony; perhaps they are right, but not the effect that a colony may flourish.

The result of this is that if a prejudicial measure is ordered, no one protests, all goes well apparently until later the evils are felt.  Another blood-letting, as as the organism has neither nerves nor voice the physician proceeds in the belief that the treatment is not injuring it.  It needs a reform, but as it must not speak, it keeps silent and remains with the need.  The patient wants to eat, it wants to breathe the fresh air, but as such desires may offend the susceptibility of the physician who thinks that he has already provided everything necessary, it suffers and pines away from fear of receiving a scolding, of getting another plaster and a new blood-letting and so on indefinitely.

In addition to this, love of peace and the honor many have of accepting the few administrative positions which fall to the Filipinos on account of the trouble and annoyance these cause them places at the head of the people the most stupid and incapable men, those who submit to everything, those who can endure all the caprices and exactions of the curate and of the officials.  Will this inefficiency in the lower spheres of power and ignorance and indifference in the upper, with the frequent changes and the eternal apprenticeships, with great fear and many administrative obstacles, with a voiceless people that have neither initiative nor cohesion, with employees who nearly all strive to amass a fortune and return home, with inhabitants who live in great hardship from the instant they begin to breathe, create prosperity, agriculture and industry, found enterprises and companies, things that still hardly prosper in free and well-organized communities?

Yes, all attempt is useless that does not spring from a profound study of the evil that afflicts us.  To combat this indolence, some have proposed increasing the native’s needs and raising the taxes.  What has happened?  Criminals have multiplied, penury has been aggravated.  Why?  Because the native already has enough needs with his functions of the Church, with his fiestas, with the public offices forced on him, the donations and bribes that he had to make so that he may drag out his wretched existence.  The cord is already too taut.

We have heard many complaints, and every day we read in the papers about the efforts the government is making to rescue the country from its condition of indolence.  Weighing its plans, its illusions and its difficulties, we are reminded of the gardener who spent his days tending and watering the handful of earth, he trimmed the plant frequently, he pulled at it to lengthen it and hasten its growth, he grafted on its cedars and oaks, until one day the little tree died, leaving the man convinced that it belonged to a degenerate species attributing the failure of his experiment to everything except the lack of soil and his own ineffable folly.

Without education and liberty, which are the soil and the sun of man, no reform is possible, no measure can give the result desired.  This does not mean that we should ask first for the native the instruction of a sage and all imaginable liberties, in order then to put a hoe in his hand or place him in a workshop; such a pretension would be an absurdity and vain folly.  What we wish is that obstacle be not put in his way, not to increase the many his climate and the situation of the islands already create for him that instruction be not begrudged him for fear that when he becomes intelligent he may separate form the colonizing nation or ask for the rights of which he makes himself worthy.  Since some day or other he will become enlightened, whether the government wishes it or not, let his enlightenment be as a gift received and not as conquered plunder. We desire that the policy be at once frank and consistent, that is highly civilizing, without sordid reservations, without distrust without fear or jealously, wishing the good for the sake of the good, civilization without ulterior thoughts of gratitude, or else boldly exploiting tyrannical and selfish, without hypocrisy or deception, with a whole system well-panned and studied out for dominating by compelling obedience, for commanding to get rich, to be happy.  If the former, the government may act with the security that some day or other it will reap the harvest and will find people its own in heart and interest; there is nothing like a favor for securing the friendship or enmity of man, according to whether it be conferred with good will or hurled into his face and bestowed upon him in spite of himself.  If the logical and regulated system of exploitation be chosen, stifling with the jingle of gold and the sheen of opulence the sentiments of independence in the colonies, paying with its wealth for its lack of liberty, as the English do in India, who moreover leave the government to native rulers, then build roads, lay out highways, foster the freedom of trade; let the government heed material interests more than the interests of four orders of friars; let it send out intelligent employees to foster industry; just judges, all well paid, so that they be not venal pilferers, and lay aside all religious pretext.  This policy has the advantage in that while it may not lull the instincts of liberty wholly to sleep yet the day when the mother country loses her colonies she will at least have the gold amassed and not the regret of having reared ungrateful children.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

#1 Best Guide On How To Write An Essay In Tagalog

• , December 4, 2023

Curious to learn how to write an essay in Tagalog? Well, you’re in luck because that’s exactly what we’re going to be talking about in this handy blog post!

As you read on, you will not only learn Tagalog but also realize just how easy it is to write essays in Tagalog. After this, your Tagalog writing and overall communication skills should improve a lot!

How To Write An Essay In Tagalog

If you want to know how to write a good essay ( sanaysay in Filipino), definitely remember that less is more! By writing less, you’re conveying to your reader that you’re organized and an expert on what you’re talking about. To learn more helpful tips, make sure to keep reading!

1. Do Your Research

Doing proper research ( pananaliksik ) before getting started is essential when it comes to the writing process. After all, how will you be able to write about a topic if you don’t know anything about it? When you’re conducting research, make sure to also fact-check and gather data from multiple sources. That way, your article has more authority.

Doing more research will also ensure that you know about a certain topic in-depth and can even lead to you gaining a new perspective along the way.

2. Draft Your Essay

After completing your research and answering the questions you have in your mind, you can now proceed to drafting ( pagbabalangkas ) your essay . This process is so important because it gives you time to organize your thoughts and ideas into a concise structure. If you skip this step, your essay is sure to come out disorganized, with different topics all jumbled up in each other.

Make sure that during this step, you outline your essay thoroughly. This will make the process of writing the actual essay go much smoother because you won’t have to go back and research information or search for notes. Keep all your notes in the same place when you’re writing an essay!

3. Start Writing

After conducting research ( pananaliksik ) and drafting your essay ( pagbabalangkas ), it’s time to start writing! Remember that when you write an essay, you should divide it into three parts: introduction, body, and conclusion.

The Introduction Of The Essay

The introduction ( panimula ) is where you will answer basic questions and tell your readers what the essay is going to be about. Make sure that you hook your readers in your introduction. Otherwise, they won’t keep reading.

The Body Of The Essay

Next is the body ( katawan ) of the essay. This is where you’ll talk in-depth about the topic. Make sure to include any research you did in this section and your analysis of the research. You can also include your opinion in this section if the topic permits.

The Conclusion Of The Essay

The last part of an essay is known as the conclusion ( konklusyon or wakas ) . This is where you can wrap up any major ideas in your essay. If you’re really good, you should be able to tie your conclusion somehow back to the introduction! It’s important to keep your conclusion insightful and avoid completely summarizing the essay. Readers want to feel enlightened after they finish reading an essay, not be given an entire synopsis!

4. Edit Your Work

Your essay isn’t finished until you’ve gone back and edited it. If time permits, we recommend sleeping on your essay and then coming back to it the following day.

Looking at an essay with a fresh set of eyes will allow you to notice errors that you might have missed if you had edited it on the same day you wrote it. The two main things to check for when it comes to editing are overall clarity and grammatical mistakes. Both of these can distract your reader from the actual content of the essay if you’re not careful.

Words To Make Your Tagalog Essay Standout

Writing an essay in Tagalog can be a challenge, especially if you are not yet fluent in the language. Remember not to stress too much! With all the resources available nowadays, from YouTube videos to online articles, there are a thousand ways to check if the Tagalog word you’re using is correct.

If you want to learn more Tagalog words or the language itself, the Ling app can help. It’s a gamified language learning app available on Google Play and the App Store that teaches you all about the Tagalog language and 60+ more languages. Now, let me share with you some words to get you started writing your Tagalog essay!

There are so many more Tagalog words you can learn to make your essay more compelling, but we just wanted to get you started on how to write an essay in Tagalog .

Expanding Your Vocabulary For Tagalog Essays

To truly excel in writing essays in Tagalog, it’s essential to have a rich vocabulary. Here are some advanced words and phrases that can add depth and precision to your essays:

• Pagpapalawig (Expansion) – Use this term when you’re elaborating or expanding on a point. It shows that you’re adding more details or going deeper into a topic.
• Salungat na Pananaw (Contrary View) – When discussing a different or opposing perspective, this phrase is quite handy. It helps in introducing an alternative argument or viewpoint.
• Mahalagang Punto (Important Point) – This phrase can be used to highlight key arguments or significant aspects of your essay.
• Sa Madaling Salita (In Short) – This is a useful transition phrase for summarizing or concluding your thoughts succinctly.
• Mabisang Argumento (Effective Argument) – Utilize this when emphasizing the strength of your argument or reasoning.
• Pangunahing Tema (Main Theme) – Ideal for stating the main theme or central idea of your essay.
• Kritikal na Pagsusuri (Critical Analysis) – This is an essential phrase for essays that require analyzing or evaluating concepts, situations, or literary works.
• Pagkakatulad at Pagkakaiba (Similarities and Differences) – Use this when you are comparing and contrasting ideas or topics in your essay.
• Panghuling Pahayag (Final Statement) – This is a powerful way to introduce your concluding remarks, ensuring a strong finish to your essay.
• Susing Salita (Keyword) – Refers to the main terms or concepts central to your essay’s topic.

Incorporating these words and phrases into your Tagalog essays will not only improve the quality of your writing but also demonstrate a higher level of language proficiency. Remember, the key to effectively using advanced vocabulary is understanding the context in which each word or phrase is most appropriately used.

Common Pitfalls In Writing Essays In Tagalog

While learning how to write an essay in Tagalog , it’s just as important to know what to avoid as it is to know what to do. Here are some common pitfalls you should watch out for:

• Overuse of Direct Translations : One of the most common mistakes is directly translating phrases or idioms from English to Tagalog. This can lead to awkward phrasing or even change the meaning entirely. As we know, languages have their unique expressions, so try to think in Tagalog rather than translating from English.
• Ignoring Formal and Informal Tones : Tagalog, like many languages, has formal and informal tones. Be mindful of the tone you’re using in your essay. Academic and formal essays usually require a more formal tone, so avoid using colloquial or Tagalog slang terms .
• Neglecting the Flow of Sentences : The flow and structure of sentences in Tagalog can be quite different from English. Pay attention to sentence construction to ensure your essay reads naturally. Long, convoluted sentences can confuse readers, so aim for clarity and conciseness.
• Inconsistent Use of Tenses : Tagalog verbs can be tricky, especially with their various aspects (completed, ongoing, and contemplated). Make sure to keep your verb tenses consistent throughout your essay to maintain clarity and coherence.
• Overlooking Local Context and Nuances : Tagalog has rich local contexts and nuances. Make sure to incorporate these appropriately in your writing. Understanding and using regional expressions or phrases can add authenticity to your essay, but be careful not to misuse them.
• Insufficient Proofreading : Finally, don’t underestimate the importance of proofreading. Spelling and grammatical errors can significantly undermine the credibility of your essay. If possible, have a native speaker review your work to catch errors you might have missed.

By avoiding these common pitfalls, your journey to mastering essay writing in Tagalog will be smoother and more successful. Keep practicing, and don’t hesitate to seek feedback from native speakers or language-learning communities! Good luck on your Tagalog essay writing journey!

Updated by: Jefbeck

One Response

thank you for helping me to make an essay, it’s actually helped me to do my essay so thank you saur muchh !!

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

You must be logged in to post a comment.

Discover more​

People also read

#1 Ultimate Guide: Work Culture Of Polish People

Southeast asia, east europe.

© 2024 Simya Solutions Ltd.

What is Lakbay Sanaysay? Samples of Lakbay Sanaysay

Philippine languages are filled with beautiful literary forms, such as poems, plays and even bugtong (riddles). Another form of writing that many Filipinos like to do — wherever they may be in the world — is the “lakbay sanaysay.”

What is Sanaysay?

Meanwhile, the “lakbay sanaysay” is more specific. It is a piece of writing that narrates or describes a person’s travel experience. It may contain descriptions of different places and events, as well as information about the people, culture, and traditions of a specific location.

Sanaysay in English

In English, the word “sanaysay” translates to “essay.” Consequently, the term “lakbay sanaysay” translates to “travel essay.” Interesting, right?!

Parts of Lakbay Sanaysay

Just like any other type of essay, the “lakbay sanaysay” or travel essay consists of three major parts: introduction, body, and conclusion.

Introduction

The first part of a travel essay usually states the name of the place and the specific time period involved. The introduction plays an important role, especially since it is the very first paragraph that readers will see. It should be able to catch their attention, and encourage them to keep reading.

Typically, the body of a travel essay contains several main points or ideas. This may include a list of a place’s top attractions, festivals or events, where to eat (restaurants and cafes), where to stay (hotel recommendations), and a “how to get there” (transportation) guide. It may also include how much the writer spent (or how much a person can expect to spend) while staying in the said place.

To conclude the “lakbay sanaysay,” writers may share insightful thoughts about their travel experience. They may also invite the readers to come and see the same places that they have visited.

Features of Lakbay Sanaysay

Usually, a travel essay or “lakbay sanaysay” has the following features and/or goals:

Samples of Lakbay Sanaysay

Meanwhile, here are some examples of travel essays or “lakbay sanaysay,” written by Filipinos and foreigners as well:

1. Vigan: A Glimpse of the Past

This is a blog article that chronicles the writer’s trip to one of the Philippines’ most historic cities: Vigan. It includes details about transportation, the local food ( e.g. empanada), and of course, the various sights around the city.

“Upon reaching the hotel, we took a quick rest before heading to the famous Calle Crisologo in Vigan town proper,” Louise, the blogger, wrote. “Here, we marveled at the Spanish colonial houses, cobblestone streets, and kalesas (horse-drawn carriages) shuttling tourists around town.”

2. My Journey Through the Philippines in Pictures

As the title says, this is a blog article featuring a writer’s journey all over the Philippines. It was written by Dani, a foreign national who visited the country. What makes this article interesting is that it is also a “photo essay,” with Dani presenting her island-hopping adventure through pictures and captions.

3. Backpacking Myanmar: Mandalay Travel Guide

This article was made by Angel, a Filipino whose blog, Lakwatsero.com, literally means “leisure traveler.” He loves diving, biking, swimming, trekking, blogging, and going all over the Philippines and around the world.

Head to this link to know more about the blogger’s adventures in Myanmar.

4. Saga, Japan: Awesome Itinerary

In the article, the bloggers shared some recommendations about the numerous places to see and things to do in Saga, including participation in the Saga Hot Air Balloon Festival.

5. An OFW’s Journey Home

The following was written by John Parica, an OFW who specialized in project management of oil and gas projects. In this article, he talk about going home “for good” after more than 10 years of working abroad. He narrates his journey as an OFW, as well as his journey back home.

Video: Guide to Writing “Lakbay Sanaysay”

Would you like to write your own travel essay, but you’re not sure where to start? Check out this video shared by “TitserMJ TV” on YouTube for some tips on how to write a “lakbay sanaysay.” This educational channel features lessons on both Filipino and English, along with some study tips and travel articles:

READ NEXT:  Best Filipino Tagalog Tongue Twisters List

• #WalangPasok
• Breaking News
• Photography
• ALS Exam Results
• Aeronautical Engineering Board Exam Result
• Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering Board Exam Result
• Agriculturist Board Exam Result
• Architecture Exam Results
• BAR Exam Results
• CPA Exam Results
• Certified Plant Mechanic Exam Result
• Chemical Engineering Exam Results
• Chemical Technician Exam Result
• Chemist Licensure Exam Result
• Civil Engineering Exam Results
• Civil Service Exam Results
• Criminology Exam Results
• Customs Broker Exam Result
• Dental Hygienist Board Exam Result
• Dental Technologist Board Exam Result
• Dentist Licensure Exam Result
• ECE Exam Results
• ECT Board Exam Result
• Environmental Planner Exam Result
• Featured Exam Results
• Fisheries Professional Exam Result
• Food Technologist Board Exam Result
• Geodetic Engineering Board Exam Result
• Guidance Counselor Board Exam Result
• Interior Design Board Exam Result
• LET Exam Results
• Landscape Architect Board Exam Result
• Librarian Exam Result
• Master Plumber Exam Result
• Mechanical Engineering Exam Results
• MedTech Exam Results
• Metallurgical Engineering Board Exam Result
• Midwives Board Exam Result
• Mining Engineering Board Exam Result
• NAPOLCOM Exam Results
• Naval Architect and Marine Engineer Board Exam Result
• Nursing Exam Results
• Nutritionist Dietitian Board Exam Result
• Occupational Therapist Board Exam Result
• Ocular Pharmacologist Exam Result
• Optometrist Board Exam Result
• Pharmacist Licensure Exam Result
• Physical Therapist Board Exam
• Physician Exam Results
• Principal Exam Results
• Professional Forester Exam Result
• Psychologist Board Exam Result
• Psychometrician Board Exam Result
• REE Board Exam Result
• RME Board Exam Result
• Radiologic Technology Board Exam Result
• Real Estate Appraiser Exam Result
• Real Estate Broker Exam Result
• Real Estate Consultant Exam Result
• Respiratory Therapist Board Exam Result 
• Sanitary Engineering Board Exam Result 
• Social Worker Exam Result
• UPCAT Exam Results
• Upcoming Exam Result
• Veterinarian Licensure Exam Result 
• X-Ray Technologist Exam Result
• Programming
• Smartphones
• Web Hosting
• Social Media
• SWERTRES RESULT
• EZ2 RESULT TODAY
• STL RESULT TODAY
• 6/58 LOTTO RESULT
• 6/55 LOTTO RESULT
• 6/49 LOTTO RESULT
• 6/45 LOTTO RESULT
• 6/42 LOTTO RESULT
• 6-Digit Lotto Result
• 4-Digit Lotto Result
• 3D RESULT TODAY
• 2D Lotto Result
• English to Tagalog
• English-Tagalog Translate
• Maikling Kwento
• EUR to PHP Today
• Pounds to Peso
• Binibining Pilipinas
• Miss Universe
• Family (Pamilya)
• Life (Buhay)
• Love (Pag-ibig)
• School (Eskwela)
• Work (Trabaho)
• Pinoy Jokes
• Tagalog Jokes
• Referral Letters
• Student Letters
• Employee Letters
• Business Letters
• Pag-IBIG Fund
• Home Credit Cash Loan
• Pick Up Lines Tagalog
• Pork Dishes
• Lotto Result Today
• Viral Videos

Katangian Ng Larawang Sanaysay – Kahulugan At Halimbawa Nito

Ano ang mga katangian ng larawang sanaysay (sagot).

LARAWANG SANAYSAY – Sa paksang ito, ating aalamin kung ano nga ba ang mga katangian ng isang larawang sanaysay at ang mga halimbawa nito.

Maraming halimbawa ng sanaysay. Depende sa iyong mga talento, estilo ng pagsulat, o pagpapahayay, may iba’t-ibang uri ng sanaysay na maaari mong gamitin. Isa sa mga halimbawa nito ay ang larawang sanaysay.

Ang mga larawang sanaysay ay matatawag rin na photo essay sa Ingles. Ito ay isang pagsasama na sining ng potograpiya at wika. Ang mga ito ay grupo ng mga laraway na isinasaayos ng magkakasunod para maipakita ang pangyayari, damdamin, o konsepto ng paksang tinatalakay.

Ito’y isang halimbawa ng sining na nagpapakita ng emosyong gamit ang  paghahanay ng mga larawan . Lahat ng mga larawan ay may maiikling o deskripsyon. Samantala ang  picture story  ay nakaayos ayon sa pagkakasunod-sunod ng mga pangyayari upang magsalaysay o magkwento.

Heto ang mga katangian:

• Malinaw na Paksa
• Orihinalidad
• Lohikal na Estruktura
• Komposisyon
• Mahusay na Paggamit ng Wika

Salamat sa inyong maiiging pagbabasa. Aming sinisiguro ang pagserbisyo ng bago at pinaka-tinatangkilik na balita. Hanggang sa susunod na mga bagong balita mula dito lamang sa Philnews.

BASAHIN DIN: Paano Ginagamit Ang Modal Sa Mga Pangungusap? (Sagot)

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Mga Sanaysay Tungkol sa Edukasyon (10 Sanaysay)

Tunay nga na ang maayos na eduksyon ang pamana ng mga magulang na hindi mananakaw ninuman. Hindi lahat ng tao ay may kakayahang makakuha ng maayos at pormal na edukasyon. Kaya naman sa mga taong may kakayahang makapag-aral at makapagtapos ng kanilang pag-aaral ay hindi dapat ito gawing biro o kaya ay ipagsawalang-bahala lamang bagkus ay maging mapagpasalamat.

Malaki ang naitutulong ng edukasyon sa buhay ng tao. Upang malaman ang kahalagahan nito, magandang mabasa mo ang mga halimbawa ng sanaysay tungkol sa edukasyon na nasa ibaba. Ang mga sanaysay na ito ay masusing pinag-isipan ng mga sumulat na maaring makaapekto kung paano mo tinatanaw o tinitingnan ang edukasyon na mayroon ka ngayon. Maaari mo rin itong gawing gabay kung sakaling gagawa ka din ng sanaysay sa kaparehong tema.

Halina’t basahin ang sampung sanaysay tungkol sa edukasyon na aming kinalap at pinagsama-sama. Nawa ay makatulong sa iyo ang mga sanaysay na ito. 🙂

SEE ALSO: Mga Talumpati Tungkol sa Edukasyon

Mga Halimbawa ng Sanaysay Tungkol sa Edukasyon

Ang kahalagahan ng edukasyon, kahalagahan ng edukasyon, kahalagahan ng pag-aaral o edukasyon tungo sa pag-unlad ng bansa, ang kahalagahan ng edukasyon para sa akin, edukasyon edukasyon, ang k+12 sa edukasyon ng pilipinas, matuto tayong humawak ng pera, ang kahalagahan ng edukasyon sa kabataan, edukasyon: tungo sa magandang kinabukasan, ang pag-ibig ng edukasyon.

Mula sa Sanaysay-Filipino.blogspot.com

Ang pagkakaroon ng isang mataas at matibay na edukasyon ay isang saligan upang mabago ang takbo ng isang lipunan tungo sa pagkakaroon ng isang masaganang ekonomiya. Mataas na edukasyon na hindi lamang binubuhay ng mga aklat o mga bagay na natutunan sa ating mga university at paaralan. Bagaman, kasama ito sa mga pangunahing elemento upang magkaroon ng sapat na edukasyon, ang praktikal na edukasyon na nakabase sa ating araw-araw na pamumuhay ang siya pa ring dapat na piliting maabot. Matibay ang isang edukasyon kung ito ay pinagsamang katalinuhan bunga ng mga pormal na pag-aaral tungkol sa Mathematics, Science, English at mga bagay na tungkol naman sa buhay at kung paano mabuhay ng maayos.

Ang edukasyon ang nagiging daan tungo sa isang matagumpay na hinaharap ng isang bansa. Kung wala nito, at kung ang mga mamamayan ng isang lipunan ay hindi magkakaroon ng isang matibay at matatag na pundasyon ng edukasyon, magiging mahirap para sa kanila na abutin ang pag-unlad. Marapat lamang na maintindihan na ang edukasyon ay siyang magdadala sa kanila sa kanilang mga inaasam na mga mithiin.

Ang unang layunin ng edukasyon ay upang magkaroon ng kaalaman sa mga bagay-bagay at impormasyon sa kasalukuyan, sa hinaharap at sa kinabukasan. Ito ang nagsisilbing mekanismo na humuhubog sa isipan, damdamin at pakikisalamuha sa kapwa ng isang tao. Ito rin ang dahilan ng mga mabubuti at magagandang pangyayari sa ating mundo at ginagalawang kapaligiran.

Ang edukasyon ay kailangan ng ating mga kabataan sapagkat ito ang kanilang magiging sandata sa buhay sa kanilang kinabukasan. Ang kanilang kabataan ang siyang estado kung saan nila hinahasa ang kanilang mga kaisipan at damdamin sa mga bagay na kailangan nila sa kanilang pagtanda. Ang edukasyon ay mahalaga sapagkat ito ang nagiging daan sa isang tao upang magkaroon ng mga kaalaman tungkol sa kanyang buhay, pagkatao at komunidad na ginagalawan. Ito ang naghuhubog ng mga kaisipan tungo sa isang matagumpay na mundo na kailangan ng bawat isa upang lubusang mapakinabangan ang daigdig at malaman ang mga layunin nito.

Ang kabataan ay nararapat lamang na magkaroon ng sapat na edukasyon sa pamamagitan ng kanilang karanasan at pormal na programa na nakukuha sa mga paaralan. Ito ang kanilang magiging armas upang maharap nila ang mga bagay na kaakibat ng kanilang magiging kinabukasan. At dahil sila ang ating pag-asa, nararapat lamang na ibigay natin sa kanila ang lahat ng edukasyon na kailangan nila upang maabot nila ang mga pangarap na nais nilang matupad. 2011 Mga Sanaysay sa Filipino.

Mula sa Edukasyon.wordpress.com

Ang Edukasyon ay mahalaga sa bawat isa dhil dito nakasalalay ang kinabukasan ng bawat tao at kung ano ang kanyang kahihinatnan d2 sa mundo. At ito ang ating sandata para magkaroon ng magandang buhay. Maraming paraan upang makamit natin ang isang mabuting hinaharap. Ang paghahanda para sa ating kinabukasan ang mabisang paraan upang makasiguro tayo sa ating pamumuhay. Ngunit may mga hadlang din na maaring pumigil sa ating pagtatagumpay, kaya marapat lang na maging maagap ang bawat isa sa atin upang tagumpay na malagpasan ang mga ito. At ang pagkamit ng tagump[ay ay kailangan buo determinasyon, tiwala sa sarili, may pananampalataya sa Diyos at marami pang mga katagian na dapat nating taglayin para makamit natin ang magandang bukas. “KAHIRAPAN AY DI HADLANG SA KINABUKASAN”. Lagi natin tandaan na tayo gumgawa ng ating sariling kapalaran kaya kung anuman ang ating tatahakin ay nakasalalay sa ating mga kamay. at lagi tayo sasandal sa ating Panginoon sa lahat ng ating mga ginagawa dahil walang imposible sa kanya kung tama at nararapat ang iyong ginagawa.

Sanaysay ni Yolanda Panimbaan

Edukasyon…susi ng tagumpay. Ang tanging yaman na kahit kailan ay hindi makukuhalalong-lalo ng hindi mananakaw ng kahit na sino man dito sa mundo. to ay pinakaimportante o pinakamahalagang bagay para magtagumpay sa ating mga buhay. Anu-ano ang kahalagan ngedukasyon para makatulong sa ating bayan! Paano makakamit ang tamang edukasyon! Paanomakakatulong ang edukasyon sa ating buhay!

Ang kahalagahan ng edukasyon para makatulong sa ating bayan ” halimbawa sa isangkomunidad iilan lamang ang may alam tapos ang karamihan ay walang pinag-aralan” mahalagatalaga ang edukasyon para umunlad ang ating bayan. #akakamit ang tamang edukasyon sa pamamagitan ng pag-aaral ng mabuti.

Sa buhay natin ay hindi lahat nakukuha ng walang paghihirap at pagsisikap, ganoon din sa pag-aaral. Dadaan ka muna sa butas ng karayom at ika nga nila bago ka makakatapos sa pag-aaral, kailangan malakas ang loob mong harapin ang kahit na ano man ang hadlang o suliranin dahilkung lahat ng hadlang ay kaya mong lampasan. Siguradong may maliwanag na bukas angmaghihintay sa iyo. Malaki ang tulong ng edukasyon sa ating mga buhay lalo na kung nakataposka ng iyong pag-aaral. Kapag nakatapos kana sa pag-aaral at nakakuha kana ng magandang trabaho ay gaganda na ang takbo ng buhay mo pero syempre pagdating naman sa trabaho dapat galingan ang pag tatrabaho para sa ikakaunlad ng buhay. Nakakapanghinayang lang ang iba nanakapagtapos na nga at lahat-lahat ay ayos ay hindi naman ginagamit ang pinag-aralan. Sayang lang ang ginastos at panahon na inilaan sa pag-aaral.

Kaya habang may buhay at may pagkakataon pang puwedeng mag-aral, sikapin at pilitin nating makakuha ng edukasyon para sa ikauunlad ng buhay dahil mahirap na hanggang sa kamatayan ay mangmang. Kaya nga nasa Diyos ang awa, nasa tao ang gawa. Gagawa ka ng may pagtitiwala at pananalig sa Amang Lumikha para ang tulong Niya ay makakamit.

Sanaysay ni Junrey Casirayan

Edukasyon daw ang tanging paraan tungo sa magandang Kinabukasan. Gaano nga ba Kahalaga ang Edukasyon? Bakit ba napaka-importante nito? Ilan lang yan sa mga katanungan ng bawat isa sa atin.

September 18, 2009 namatay ang pinakamamahal kong Ama. Halos dinamdam ko ng sobra ang pagkawala niya. Unti-unti akong nanghina, nawalan ng lakas ng loob at unti-unting nawalan ng pag-asa. Sobrang sakit ang naramdaman ko noong mga panahong yon. Parang nadurog yong puso ko at nawalan ako ng ganang mag-aral. Kaya noong 2010, tumigil ako sa pag-aaral. Siguro nga sinayang ko lang ang mga oportunidad. Ang bawat pagkakataon ay binalewala ko lang. Kaya heto ako ngayon, walang natapos at punong-puno ng pagsisisi.

Sa panahon ngayon may mga taong nakapag-aral nga, ngunit wala namang mabuting asal. Yong puntong nakapagtapos nga sila ng magandang kurso, ngunit hindi naman umaakto ng maayos ayon sa kanilang pinag-aralan. Sa mahaba-habang panahon na lumipas, natutunan kong Pahalagahan ang Edukasyon. Para sa akin kasi, ang Edukasyon ay hindi lang pataasan ng marka o ng natapos na kurso. Kailangan mo ring panindigan na talagang may Pinag-aralan ka. Kailangan mong matutunan kung paano rumespeto ng ibang tao at kung paano irespeto ang sarili mo. Edukasyon ang masasabi kong pinaka-matibay na pundasyon. Para sa akin napakahalaga nito, dahil ito lang ang daan upang makamit natin ang ating mga mithiin. Edukasyon ang magsisilbing tulay natin sa pag-abot ng ating mga pangarap. Kaya nitong baguhin ang buhay ng isang tao. Kapag may pinag-aralan ka, madali na lang para sa’yo na abutin at kamtin ang hinahangad na tagumpay.

Ang Edukasyon ang pinakamahalagang pamana ng ating mga magulang. Lahat ng bagay sa mundo ay lumilipas, pero ang Karunungan kailan man ay hindi kumukupas. EDUKASYON lamang ang NATATANGING bagay na hindi MA-AAGAW ninuman. Hindi SAPAT na NAKAPAGTAPOS ka lang, kasi para sa’kin kailangan BAONIN mo rin ang KARUNUNGANG natutunan mo sa loob ng PA-ARALAN.

Mula sa Academia.edu

Prayoridad sa sektor ng edukasyon ang susi sa ating kaunlaran!Maraming beses na natin itong narinig. Ilang mga dakilang tao na rin angpaulit-ulit na sinasabi ito. Ilang pag-aaral na rin ang nagpapatunay na malaking bagay ang sapat at dekalidad na edukasyon ng mgamamamayan para sa kaunlaran ng isang bansa.

Ngunit sa ating bansa, sa matagal na panahon ay napabayaan ng ating pamahalaan ang mahalagang sektor na ito ng ating lipunan. Sakawalan ng magandang plano sa sektor ng edukasyon, maging ang mga college graduates natin ngayon ay hindi na nakakahanap ngtrabaho. Sa pag-aaral ng Labor Force Survey ng National Statistics Office, lumalabas na kahit nakatapos sa kolehiyo, 18% ng mga walangtrabaho sa Pilipinas ay mga college graduates. Pangatlo ang mga college graduates sa listahan ng mga madalas walang makuhangtrabaho mula taong 2006 hanggang 2011.

Hindi na nakakagulat ito dahil marami sa mga kolehiyo sa bansa ay nakakakuha ng zero passing rates sa mga professional examinations.Sa lahat din ng professional exams sa lahat ng disiplina sa bansa, lubhang mababa ang average passing rates. Sa datos ng Commissionon Higher Education o CHED, noong 2010 ay 33.91% ang average passing rate at noong 2011 naman ay tumaas lamang ito sa 35.37%average passing rate. Ibig sabihin, lubhang kakaunti lamang ang pumapasa sa mga exams dahil na rin sa hindi dekalidad na edukasyon samaraming bilang ng mga colleges at universities sa bansa.

Ang isa pang dahilan ng patuloy na mababang kalidad ng edukasyon sa bansa ay ang kawalan ng mga mahuhusay na guro sa bansa.Kung titingnan ang teacher-pupil ratio ng Pilipinas kumpara sa mga karating bansa nito, tunay na may problemang kinakaharap ito. Sadatos ng United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization o UNESCO, noong 2009, sa bawat isang guro sa Pilipinas ay 39pupils ang tinuturuan nito o may ratio na 1:39. Samantala, ang teacher-pupil ratio sa bansang Malaysia ay 1:13 lamang; Thailand ay1:16; Indonesia naman ay 1:17 lamang; at maging ang bansang Vietnam ay may teacher-pupil ratio lamang na 1:20.

Tulad ng pagkain, tirahan, at trabaho, isang karapatang pantao ang pagkakaroon ng sapat at dekalidad na edukasyon. Dapat itongpahalagahan dahil bahagi ito ng pangangalaga ng dignidad ng tao. Ayon sa turo ng Simbahan, ang edukasyon din ang nagbibigaykakayahan sa sinuman na makilahok sa pagpapatakbo ng lipunan at sa pagsisigurong ang lahat ay nakikinabang sa mga bunga ng pag-unlad. Ang patuloy na pagbaba ng kalidad ng edukasyon sa bansa ay patunay lamang ng napakalaking pagkukulang sa pangangalaga atpagtataguyod ng karapatang ito.

Panahon na samakatuwid na iangat ang sektor ng edukasyon sa ating bansa. Kailangang matukoy ng pamahalaan ang napakahalagangkontribusyon ng mga paaralan sa kaunlaran ng ating bansa. Kailangan ang tunay, mabilis at epektibong reporma para sa sektor ngedukasyon sa Pilipinas.

Kasalukuyan ng ipinapatupad ng pamahalaang Aquino ang programa nitong kung tawagin ay K+12. Ito ay ang pagdaragdag ng taon saBasic Education ng bansa. Sa programang ito ay hindi na tatanggapin sa unang grado ang batang hindi nag-kinder bilang unang hakbangsa pagpapatupad nito. At ang isa pa ay ang dalawang taong dagdag sa high school na ibig sabihin ay magkakaroon ng tinatawag naSenior High. Sa loob ng dalawang taon sa Senior High ay maaaring mamili ang isang estudyante ng kanyang espesyalisasyon naTechnical/Vocational course o isport at iba pang pagpipilian.

Ang programang ito ay naglalayong mapataas ang kalidad ng edukasyon ng bansa. Ang Pilipinas na lang kasi ang bukod tanging bansa saAsya ang may pinakamababang bilang ng taon sa Basic Education. Suportado ang programang ito ng ilang sektor tulad ng mga nasanegosyo. Sa ganitong paraan diumano ay maari ng makapagtrabaho ang mga Pilipino kahit high school lang ang tinapos.Napakalaki ng problema ng bansa pagdating sa edukasyon. Sa mga pampublikong paaralan pa lamang ay masyadong siksikan sa mgasilid. Bukod sa walang maayos na bentilador ay hindi na rin matutukan ng maayos ng mga guro ang kanilang mga estudyante sa sobrangdami. Ganito ang sitwasyon sa Metro Manila.

Naiiba naman ang kwento pagdating sa mga malalayong lugar sa bansa. Naririyan ang mga estudyante na maraming oras ang ginugugolsa paglalakad ng ilang milyang layo makarating lang sa paaralan. Mas malala pa sa iba, dahil tumatawid pa sa ilog at peligro ang inaabottuwing umuulan dahil sa rumaragasang baha. Mayroon ding dagat pa ang nilalangoy. Ganito kahirap ang dinaranas nila para langmakapagtapos sa elementarya at high school. Kung mahina-hina ang loob ay napipilitan na lang silang tumigil. Ayon na rin mismo saKagawaran ng Edukasyon ay malaki rin ang kakulangan ng mga silid, aklat at guro sa bansa. Sa kabila ng maraming tapos at lisensyadongguro ay may kakulangan pa rin. Inirereklamo rin nila ang mababang pasahod sa mga guro. Taon-taon rin ay naglilimbag ng aklat perokinakapos pa rin. Ang matagal ng problemang ito ng bansa ay matagal ng pinagpasa-pasahan ng ilang nagdaang administrasyon.

Sa pagpapasimula ng Pamahalaang Aquino sa K+12 program na ito ay mistulang dinadagdagan lang ang problema sa edukasyon ngbansa. Napakaganda ng layunin nito pero tulad ng ibang programa ay hindi naman naaangkop ang pagpapatupad nito. Bakit kaya hindimuna unahin ang mga kasalukuyang pagkukulang ng pamahalaan sa kasalukuyang suliranin. Kumpletuhin ang mga kulang na silidpaaralan. Magbigay ng mga aklat na tama ang nilalamang impormasyon. Magdagdag pa ng mga guro at dagdagan ang kanilang sahod atbenipisyo.

Hindi dapat gumaya ang Pilipinas sa ibang bansa na dinagdagan ang bilang ng taon sa pag-aaral upang tumaas lang ang kalidad ngedukasyon. Hindi nasusukat sa dami ng taong pinasok sa eskwelahan ang katalinuhan ng tao. Kaya namang matutunan ng mga Pilipinoang dapat na matutunan sa kasalukuyang umiiral na sistema. Ang katunayan dito ay ang mataas na kalidad ng edukasyon sa mgapribadong paaralan. Dahil ito ay suportado ng mga kagamitan at tamang pagtutok sa pag-aaral ng mga bata ng kanilang magulang. Maymga nananalo pa ngang estudyanteng Pilipino sa mga patimpalak sa ibang bansa.

Kung dadagdagan ng taon ang pag-aaral ay malulunasan ba nito ang kahirapan? Mababawasan kaya nito ang mga drop out? Kung sangayong sistema pa nga lang ay marami na ang drop out ay paano na kaya kapag tuluyan ng ipinatupad ito. Kahit sabihin pang libre angpag-aaral sa mga pampublikong paaralan ay gumagastos pa rin ang mga magulang sa mga pang-araw-araw na baon ng mga bata. Ibigsabihin nito kapag dinagdagan ng taon ay panibagong dalawang taon din ang dagdag pahirap sa mga magulang. Ang sinasabing para makapagtrabaho na kahit high school lang ang tinapos ay hindi rin totoo. Sa kasalukuyan, kahit may mga tinapos sa kolehiyo ay hirapmakahanap ng trabaho. Karamihan dito ay mga nagsipagtapos ng Nursing.

Bakit hindi baguhin ng pamahalaan ang paglunas sa problemang pang-edukasyon ng Pilipinas. Halimbawa nito ay ang malawakangpagpapatupad ng distant learning sa mga malalayong lugar. Nandiyan na ang teknolohiya ng Internet. Maaring sa halip na araw-araw napasakit sa pagpasok sa eskwelahan ay gawing lingguhan na lang. Pwede ring gamitin ang telebisyon sa pamamagitan ng paggawa ngmga educational channel na panonoorin ng mga bata na kasabay ng turo sa aktwal na panahon sa paaralan. Marami pang alternatibongparaan ang naghihintay na linangin para makatulong sa pag angat ng edukasyon ng Pilipinas. Nagagamit na ito sa ibang bansa.

Ang K+12 ay hindi sagot sa suliranin ng bansa pagdating sa edukasyon. Ito ay dagdag problema at walang malinaw na direksyon at hindinapapanahon. Huwag na sanang gawing mas komplikado ang problemang ito sa pamamagitan ng isang solusyong sa huli ay magigingdagdag pa pala sa suliranin.

Mula sa HinagapNiKaUre.blogspot.com

Ang kaalaman sa paghawak ng pera ay isa sa mga batayang kasanayan upang maayos na makapamuhay sa makabagong panahon. Ang paksang personal na pananalapi ay nakabuo na ng mga batayang kaalaman na dapat ituro sa mga mag-aaral na nais magaral nito. Bagamat pwede kang matuto ng personal na pananalapi sa pamamagitan ng pananaliksik sa Internet, dapat nating siguruhin na lahat ng Pilipinong mag-aaral ay nabibiyayaan ng ganitong kaalaman. Kaya naman nais kong ipanukala na isama ang tamang paghawak ng pera sa ating pangkalahatang kurikulum ng edukasyon.

Tayo ay naghahangad ng masaganang pamumuhay para sa ating mga pamilyang Pilipino. Upang matupad ang ganitong adhikain, kinakailangan ang masusing paghawak sa pananalapi ng pamilya. May mga prinsipyo at pamamaraan na pwedeng magamit upang makatiyak na ang ating mga pamilya ay hindi malalagay sa alanganin sa larangan ng pananalapi. Maiiwasan ang pangungutang at kung anu-ano pang panandaliang remedyo kung ang paggamit ng pamilya ng pera ay pinaplano. Ang kaalaman tungkol sa personal na pananalapi ay lubhang makatutulong kung paano mapapabuti ng ating mga pamilya ang paghawak ng pera.

Kasama sa mga aralin sa personal na pananalapi ang pagtatakda ng kung magkanong halaga ang nais mong makamit sa loob ng isang takdang panahon. Kalakip nito ay ang mga napiling pamamaraan kung paano makakamit ang layuning ito. Nais nating himukin ang ating kabataan na mangahas na mangarap ng isang magandang kinabukasan para sa kanyang sarili at sa kanyang magiging pamilya sa araw ng bukas. Ang adhikaing ito ay posibleng mapukaw kung maipakikita ang mga posibilidad na pwedeng mangyari kung ang isang tao ay magsusumikap. Ang pag-aaral hinggil sa personal na pananalapi ay pwedeng magsilbing punla upang magkaroon ng ganitong kamalayan.

Sa pagmamasid natin sa ating pamayanan ay mapapansin natin ang marami sa ating katandaan na naghihikahos. Sila marahil ay nagkamal ng malaking halaga noong kanilang kabataan ngunit sa kanilang pagtanda ay nabaon na sa kahirapan. Ito ay tanda ng kawalan ng sistematikong pagpapaunlad sa kanilang kabuhayan. Malaki ang maitutulong ng sapat na kaalaman sa paghawak ng pera upang maiwasan ang masadlak sa ganitong kalagayan. Tuldokan na natin ang kawalan ng tamang gabay na pananalapi na siyang sanhi ng kahirapan ng ating katandaan. Turuan na natin ang ating kabataan sa wastong pamamaraan sa paghawak ng pera.

Talamak pa rin ang kahirapan sa ating bansa. Isa sa mga dahilan ng ganitong kalagayan ang kakulangan ng kaalaman sa paghawak ng pera. Marami tayong maling kaisipan na dapat lang na ituwid kung gusto nating maiwasan ang kahirapan. Kailangan nating patatagin ang personal na disiplina upang makamit natin ang masaganang pamumuhay. Kinakailangan na gamitin natin ang ibat-ibang pamamaraang pang pinansiyal upang hindi tayo masadlak sa kahirapan. Siguraduhin natin na ang ating mga mag-aaral ay nabibigyan ng tamang kaalaman tungkol sa pananalapi. Paramihin natin ang mga mamamayang naiaangat mula sa pagiging mahirap sa pamamagitan ng kaukulang edukasyon.

Makabuluhan at nararapat na idagdag sa pangkalahatang kurikulum na pang edukasyon ang mga aralin tungkol sa personal na pananalapi. Tulungan natin na mapaunlad ang pamumuhay ng mga kapwa Pilipino at mabawasan ang kahirapan sa ating bansa. Makibahagi tayo sa mga nagsusulong na isama ang mga aralin sa personal na pananalapi sa mga pinag-aaralan sa mababa, mataas, at kolehiyong antas ng edukasyon. Sama-sama nating ipahatid sa mga kinauukulan sa Kagawaran ng Edukasyon at maging sa ating mga mambabatas sa Kongreso ang pangangailangan na maipatupad ang panukalang ito.

Mula sa Hayzkul.blogspot.com

Tinamnan ng binhi. Kung ang lupa ay alaga sa pataba, higit ding lulusog ang binhing tumutubo rito. Tutubuan ito ng malala-king ugat na hindi mabubuwag ang pagkakakapit sa lupa. Magkakaroon ito ng matibay na pundasyon at hindi mabilang na mga sanga kung saan tutubo ang malalago nitong dahon at ang malalaki nitong bunga. Ang binhing aking tinutukoy ay ang kabataan. Ang kanilang kinabukasan ay nakasalalay sa kanilang edukasyon. Sa tulong ng mga magulang, mga kaibigan at lalung-lalo na ng mga guro, lumalago ang kanilang kaalaman sa iba’t ibang larangan. Ang mga natutununan ay makatutulong sa kanila hanggang sa kanilang pagtanda. Ang kailangan lang gawin ng kabataan ay buong pusong tanggapin ito sa pamamagitan ng pag-aaral nang mabuti at pagsasabuhay nito. Kung lubos na maiintindihan ng bawat mag-aaral ang tunay na kahalagahan ng edukasyon, maiiwasan sana ang mga karaniwang suliraning hinaharap ng kabataan ngayon gaya ng hindi planadong pagkabuntis, maagang pag-aasawa at pagtigil sa pag-aaral. Ang edukasyon ay isang bagay na hinding-hindi maaagaw ninuman. Ito ay kailangan upang maisakatuparan ang pangarap ng isang bata. Sa pamamagitan nito, siya ay nahuhubog upang magkaroon ng matatag na pundasyon nang sa gayon ay hindi ito manghina ni masira sa pagharap nito sa mga pagsubok at suliranin ng buhay. Sa pamamagitan din ng edukasyon, lumalago ang karunungan ng bata at hindi lamang limitado sa akademiko. Ito rin ay nagiging daan upang ang isang bata ay makapulot ng gintong aral na tatatak sa kanyang buhay. Kung magagamit ng isang bata ang kanyang karunungan nang wasto at lubos, siya ay magiging isang mahalagang bahagi ng kanyang pamilya, ng kanyang lipunan at ng inang bayan. Isa sa magandang proyekto ni Jose Rizal ay ang pagpapatayo ng paaralan dahil naniniwala siya na sa sa pamamagitan ng edukasyon, ito ang magiging daan sa mga kabataan na maiangat sila para sa mas mabuting kinabukasan sapagkat kung may pinag-aralan mas makakahanap ng mas magandang trabaho na tulay rin tungo sa matiwasay at pagkakaroon ng magandang kinabukasan. Di nga ba’t ang mga kabataan ang pag-asa ng ating bayan? Kaya dapat lang na magkaroon ng tama at angkop na edukasyon para naman ang pangarap ng ating mga ninuno na mabuting kinabukasan para sa bayan ay makamtan.

Mula sa JohnLloydQuijano.wordpress.com

Ang pagkakaroon ng isang mataas at matibay na Edukasyon ay isang saligan upang mabago ang takbo na isang lipunan tungo sa pagkakaroon ng isang masaganang ekonomiya. Mataas na Edukasyon na hindi lamang binubuhay ng mga aklat o mga bagay na natutunan sa ating mga unibersidad at paaralan. Bagaman, kasama ito sa mga pangunahing elemento upang magkaroon ng sapat na Edukasyon, ang praktikal na Edukasyon na nakabase sa ating araw-araw na pamumuhay ang siya paring dapat na piliting maabot. Matibay ang isang Edukasyon kung ito ay may pinagsamang katalinuhan bunga ng mga pormal na pag-aaral tungkol sa Mathematics, Science, English at mga bagay na tungkol naman sa buhay at kung paano mabuhay na maayos. Ang Edukasyon ang nagiging daan tungo sa isang matagumpay na hinaharap na isang bansa. Kung wala ito, at kung ang mga mamamayan ng isang lipunan ay hindi magkakaroon ng isang matibay at matatag na pundasyon ng Edukasyon, magiging mahirap para sa kanila na abutin ang pag-unlad. Marapat lamang na maintindihan na ang Edukasyon ay siyang magdadala sa kanila sa kanilang mga inaasam na mga mithiin. Ang unang layunin ng Edukasyon ay upang magkaroon ng kaalaman sa mga bagay-bagay at impormasyon sa kasalukuyan, sa hinaharap at sa kinabukasan. Ito ang nagsisilbing mekanismo na humubog sa isipan at damdamin at pakikipagsalamuha sa kapwa ng isang tao. Ito rin ang dahilan ng mga mabubuti at magagandang pangyayari sa ating mundo at ginagalawang kapaligiran. Ang Edukasyon ay mahalaga sapagkat ito ay nagiging daan sa isang tao upang magkaroon ng mga kaalaman tungkol sa kanyang buhay, pagkatao at komunidad na ginagalawan. Ito ang naghuhubog ng mga kaisipan tungo sa isang matagumpay na mundo na kailangan ng bawat isa upang lubusang mapakinabangan ang daigdaig at malaman ang mga layunin nito.

Sanaysay ni Dian Joe Jurilla Mantiles

Tunay ngang ang edukasyon sa buhay ng bawat isa ay kapara ng isang walang katapusang paglalakbay sa mundong sinasaklawan ng aspektong ‘pagbabago’. Ito ang pinaka-makapangyarihang sandata na kahit sinuman ay walang kakayahang baguhin at angkinin sapagkat ito ay permanenteng nakaukit na sa diwa at kamalayang pantao ng isang nabubuhay. Sa bawat umaga ng ating buhay, tayo ay binabasbasan ng Poong Lumikha ng kalayaan upang makaanib at makasabay sa kung ano mang kakatwa ang sumasaklaw sa ating lipunang kinabibilangan. Hindi man lingid sa ating kamalayan subalit buhat nang tayo ay nasa sinapupunan pa lamang ay batid na natin ang espiritu ng ‘pagkatuto’. Maging sa kauna-unahang pagsambit natin ng salitang “mama” hanggang sa tayo ay unti-unting nabihasa sa ating “abakada” tayo ay nabibilang na pundasyon ng edukasyon. Karaniwang pamantayan sa edukasyon na kung ang tao ay nasa gulang tatlo na ay maari na itong magsimulang pumasok sa isang paaralan. Sa makatuwid, mahabang panahon ang iginugugol ng isang tao para sa kanyang edukasyon.

Sa aking labindalawang taon na pananatili sa loob ng paaralan, masasabi kong ako ay parang nasa isang paraiso. Bagamat hindi sa lahat ng pagkakataon ay masaya ako, maraming pagkakataon naman sa aking buhay ang nagpapaunawa sa akin na ang edukasyon ay patuloy na umaangkla sa aking pagkatao at maging sa aking kalapit na hinaharap. Ito rin ay patuloy na nag-iiwan ng hindi mga matatawarang implikasyon ng pagbabago sa aking pagkatao na siyang dahilan kung bakit ganito ako katatag ngayon. Bukod sa mga karaniwang talakayin, prinsipyo at pang-akademikong layunin na siyang ipinapabatid ng edukasyon, ito rin ang nagsilbing balangkas upang mabuksan ko pa ang lagusan sa kabilang ibayo. Mula dito ay binigyan din ako ng pagkakataon upang makakilala ng iba’t ibang deskripsyon ng aking kapwa tao at mga karanasang aking daldalhin habambuhay. Ito ay ang aking karanasan noong ako ay nasa ika-4 na baitang. Ang karanasan na marahil para sa akin ay mapanglaw at natatangi lamang.

Isa akong walang kwentang mag-aaral. Oo, tama ang nababasa mo. Wala akong ibang inisip noon kundi ang makawala sa paaralan na kapara ng isang bartolina sa akin ay nagbibigay lamang ng pasakit at matinding paghihirap. Ang tanging namumutawi na lamang sa aking isipan noon ay ang pagpasok buhat sa kagustuhan ng aking mga magulang. Naaalala ko pa noon na sa tuwing darating ang katapusan ng Marso ay wala akong ibang ginawa kung hindi ay panoorin na lamang ang aking mga kaklaseng maglakad sa harapan ng entablado kasama ng kanilang mga magulang upang tanggapin ang kanilang mga parangal. Gustuhin ko mang itago ang aking nararamdaman, subalit ito ay pilit na kumakawala at ako ay tila isang ibon na sa piitan ay nananahanan. Hindi man hayag sa aking mga magulang ang kanilang pangingimbulo subalit nararamdaman ko ito. Pinipilit ko itong labanan subalit wala akong magawa. Napakalakas ng enerhiyang ito at siya ring enerhiya ang unti-unting sumisipsip sa aking pag-asang makapagbagong buhay. “Bakit kahit na anong gawin ko ay wala pa ring nangyayari?” ito ang katanungan na patuloy na sumisilab sa aking mura at gahasang isipan.

Sinusubukan ko ang lahat ng aking makakaya. Sinubukan kong magsipag at umayon sa kung ano ang pamantayan sa aming klase. Lahat ng ito ay hindi naging madali sa akin. Sapagkat noo’y wala pa akong kabatiran patungkol sa mahalagang papel ng edukasyon sa aking magiging kinabukasan. Wala pa akong alam sa edukasyon maliban sa ito ay “mahirap at walang kwenta”. Nagdaan ang maikling panahon at dito ay nakilala ko si Ginang Adora Madayag. Ang aming guro sa asignaturang Filipino. Siya ay may edad na sa panahong iyon subalit napakalakas ng kanyang impresyong iniwan sa akin. Hindi ko maipaliwanag subalit dahil sa kanyang mga pangaral ay tila unti-unting nagbago ang pagtingin ko sa aking sarili na noo’y walang pakialam sa halaga ng edukasyon. Sa kanya ko rin natutuhan na hindi lamang pala akademikong kaalaman ang batid na ipamalita ng mga talakayin sa paaralan bagkus ay naglalayon din itong bigyan ang lahat ng pagkakataong makabuo ng pagkakaibigan at pamilya sa lahat ng aspektong sinasaklawan nito. Hindi lang dapat kaalaman ang ating panghawakan mula sa ating mga guro nararapat ding maunawaan natin ang tunay na karunungan mula dito. Sa markang “90” ako nagsimulang yumabong at nagpatuloy sa pagkamit ng aking mga adhikain sa paaralan. Hanggang ngayon sa kasalukuyan, patuloy pa rin akong naglalakbay papalapit sa aking mga pangarap sa buhay.

Ang karanasang ito ang nagturo sa akin kung paano umunlad hindi lamang sa aking mga markang nais matamo subalit nakaanib na rin dito ang mga prinsipyo at impresyong hindi na maiaalis sa aking puso’t isipan sa kalagitnaan ng aking paglalakbay sa mundong ibabaw. Nawa’y lubusan nating mabatid na sa ibayo ng mga pamantayang sumasaklaw sa kultura ng edukasyon, ang layon nitong magbigay ng magaganda at makabuluhang karanasan ang magsisilbing proteksyon at sandata natin sa pakikidigma sa ating mga sarili at sa kung ano mang pagbabagong nakaukit na sa ating panahon.

SEE ALSO: Mga Sanaysay Tungkol sa Kahirapan

Umaasa kami na ang mga halimbawa ng sanaysay tungkol sa edukasyon na iyong nabasa ay may positibong naidulot sa iyo. Maari mo din itong ibahagi sa iba upang maging sila man ay matuto. Maraming salamat!

You May Also Like

• Noli Me Tangere Kabanata 17 (Buod, Mga Tauhan, Aral, atbp.)
• Si Haring Tamaraw at si Daga
• Alamat ng Butiki
• Tula Tungkol sa Pamilya (6 Tula)
• Tula Tungkol sa Pangarap (10 Tula)
• X (Twitter)
• More Networks