dissertation medical law

Health Law Research Guide: Suggested Topics in Health Law

Suggested Topics in Health Law
Online Resources
Westlaw and Lexis
Legislative Histories
Major Health Laws & Regulations
U.S. Code, Regulations, and Court Rules
Pending Legislation
Legislative Reports
New York State Department of Health Guidance Memoranda/Documents
Journals/Newsletters/Blogs
International Declarations
Conventions
Resources on International Health Law
International Policy Briefs and Reports
Online Books and Reports
Open Access International Journals & Newsletters
Legislative Information and Reports
State Health Data
Uniform Laws
Books Online
Dictionaries and Glossaries
General Reference Sources
Indexes and Search Engines
Pace University Databases
PubMed and Medline
Research Guides
Bar Associations
Federal Agencies
International Agencies and Organizations
Medical Associations
National Agencies and Organizations
New York State Agencies and Organizations
Professional Associations
State Agencies
Print Resources
Current Awareness

Listed below are some suggested topics in Health Law; they are linked to the Pace University library catalog. Books may be borrowed using your Pace ID card. Please see a reference librarian for more information.

Medical law dissertation topics and Research Ideas

February 16, 2021

Dr Jana Martiskova

Click here to place an order for topic brief service to get instant approval from your professor.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Studying medical law is like taking a journey through important rules that affect people’s health. Your dissertation is like a map guiding you on this journey. Choosing the right topic is key – it’s like picking the best path to explore. You can look into patient rights, mistakes in healthcare, or moral issues in medicine. Make your research titles interesting and clear, like “Keeping Patients in Control: What the Law Says” or “Finding the Balance: Doctors’ Responsibilities.” Your dissertation isn’t just a paper; it shows your dedication to making healthcare fairer and safer for everyone.

If you’re writing a medical law dissertation, there are a few things you might want to consider. First, you’ll need to choose a specific topic within the broader field of medical law. Some possible medical law dissertation topics could include:

Patient Rights and Legal Protection : Explore the legal frameworks protecting patients’ rights in healthcare, covering informed consent, privacy, and access to medical records. Suggested reading : “Law and the Regulation of Medicines” by Emily Jackson.
Medical Negligence Lawsuits: Trends and Implications : Investigate recent trends in medical negligence lawsuits, analyzing their impact on healthcare providers and patients. Suggested reading : “Clinical Negligence” by Michael Powers QC.
Ethical Dilemmas in End-of-Life Care : Examine legal and ethical challenges surrounding end-of-life decisions, including euthanasia, assisted suicide, and advance directives. Suggested reading : “End of Life Care: Ethics and Law” by Margaret Brazier.
Healthcare Disparities and Legal Remedies : Study the legal mechanisms available to address healthcare disparities, focusing on issues like access to care, socioeconomic factors, and discrimination. Suggested reading : “Health Law and Medical Ethics” by Bonnie Steinbock.
Telemedicine Regulation and Practice : Investigate the legal landscape governing telemedicine, exploring regulatory challenges, licensing requirements, and patient safety considerations. Suggested reading : “Telemedicine and E-Health Law” by Thomas T. Field Jr.
Legal Implications of Emerging Medical Technologies : Explore the legal and regulatory frameworks surrounding emerging medical technologies such as gene editing, artificial intelligence, and wearable devices. Suggested reading : “Healthcare and the Fourth Industrial Revolution” by Y. Yogi Shankar.
Confidentiality and Data Protection in Healthcare : Analyze the legal obligations and challenges related to patient confidentiality, data protection, and cybersecurity in healthcare settings. Suggested reading : “Medical Law and Ethics” by Jonathan Herring.
Mental Health Law Reform : Investigate the legal aspects of mental health treatment and care, focusing on involuntary commitments, capacity assessments, and patient rights. Suggested reading : “Mental Health Law: A Practical Guide” by Jill Stavert.
Pharmaceutical Regulation and Access to Medicines : Examine the legal frameworks governing pharmaceutical regulation, including drug approvals, patents, and access to essential medicines. Suggested reading : “Pharmaceutical Regulation and Innovation” by Frederick M. Abbott.
Medical Malpractice and Tort Law : Analyze the principles of medical malpractice law, including duty of care, standard of care, causation, and damages, and explore recent developments in tort reform. Suggested reading : “Tort Law in America: An Intellectual History” by G. Edward White.

Once you’ve chosen a topic in medical law, you’ll need to do some research to gather information for your dissertation. This may involve reading scholarly articles, analyzing case law, and conducting interviews with experts in the field. As you write your dissertation, you’ll need to make a strong argument and support it with evidence from your research. You’ll also need to be sure to cite your sources properly, using a citation style that is appropriate for your discipline.

I hope this information is helpful as you begin working on your medical law dissertation! Below are more interesting dissertation topics on medical law.

Good Medical Law Dissertation Topics

Here are some potential topics for a medical law dissertation:

The legal and ethical implications of assisted suicide
The legal and ethical considerations of informed consent in medical treatment
The legal and ethical aspects of rationing healthcare resources
Legal and ethical issues surrounding the use of placebo treatments
The legal and ethical considerations of medical error and negligence
The role of informed consent in clinical trials
The legal and ethical implications of using genetic information in medical treatment
The legal and ethical considerations of end-of-life decision-making
The legal and ethical implications of mandatory vaccination policies
The legal and ethical considerations of medical tourism.

Hot Medical Law Dissertation Topics

The role of informed consent in medical treatment
The ethical considerations of genetic testing and its role in medical treatment
The legal and ethical implications of medical tourism
The rights of patients with mental illness in the medical system
The role of advance directives in end-of-life decision-making
The legal and ethical implications of rationing healthcare resources
The intersection of medical law and indigenous healing practices
The ethical and legal considerations of organ transplantation
The legal and ethical aspects of telemedicine
The impact of medical errors on patient rights and the legal system.

Paid Topic Mini Proposal (500 Words)

You will get the topics first and then the mini proposal which includes:

An explanation why we choose this topic.
2-3 research questions.
Key literature resources identification.
Suitable methodology including raw sample size and data collection method
View a Sample of Service

Note: After submitting your order please must check your email [inbox/spam] folders for order confirmation and login details. If the email goes in spam please mark not as spam to avoid any communication gap between us.

Get An Expert Dissertation Writing Help To Achieve Good Grades

By placing an order with us, you can get;

Writer consultation before payment to ensure your work is in safe hands.
Free topic if you don't have one
Draft submissions to check the quality of the work as per supervisor's feedback
Free revisions
Complete privacy
Plagiarism Free work
Guaranteed 2:1 (With help of your supervisor's feedback)
2 Instalments plan
Special discounts

WhatsApp and Get 35% off promo code now!

When you have eliminated the JavaScript, whatever remains must be an empty page.

Sorry, but you must enable JavaScript to view the Keele website.

Undergraduate 2025
Undergraduate 2024
Postgraduate
New Students
Student Home
Welcome new students
Cost-of-living support
Health and wellbeing
Student KLE
Staff Directory
Research Institutes
Hong Kong SAR
Saudi Arabia
UK International
Rest of the world
Postgraduate study
Postgraduate courses

Medical Ethics and Law

Medical Ethics and Law - MA

This programme provides an opportunity to undertake in-depth study of healthcare ethics and law, and to develop the ability to think systematically and critically about the moral and legal issues that healthcare professionals and those involved in healthcare management and policy may encounter in the course of their work. Ideal for working professionals or recent graduates, the programme comprises four taught modules plus a dissertation on a topic chosen by the student. Teaching takes place in short, intensive blocks to facilitate combining study with full-time work, and the course may be studied flexibly over one, two or five years.

Month of entry

Mode of study.

Full time, Part time
Keele University campus

Subject area

Ethics, Law

Fees for 2024/25 academic year

UK - Full time: £9,800 per year UK - Part time: Year 1: £6,900, Year 2: £3,000 International - Full time: £19,500 per year

Duration of study

Full time - 1 year, Part time - 2 years, Modular - Up to 5 years

Why study Medical Ethics and Law at Keele University?

Course overview, course summary.

New developments in treatments and technology, coupled with shifting social attitudes, mean that the legal and ethical issues around healthcare and medicine are constantly changing, posing serious challenges for those involved. Practical in focus and regularly updated to reflect new issues that arise – from COVID-19 to the role of AI in healthcare – our MA aims to help you navigate the complex moral and legal considerations surrounding the planning and delivery of healthcare, and associated activities such as medical research. Is it acceptable, for example, to disclose a patient’s medical history to protect others from infectious diseases like HIV? At what point should healthcare professionals stop trying to prolong life? Or, to save a life, should doctors ever overrule a refusal of treatment based cultural or religious reasons or an advance directive? Undertaking a medical ethics course cannot provide all the answers – not least because there are far too many questions to consider, but also because there often is no easy answer. However, it can prepare you to work out answers yourself responsibly, professionally and with integrity. Drawing on real-life and hypothetical cases, research, news and shared experiences, our MA introduces you to relevant concepts, theories and frameworks – highlighting their pros and cons and providing you with a range of analytical tools with which to assess different ethical and legal claims. You’ll also learn to communicate ethical and legal arguments more clearly to others. Working on a range of scenarios and with a focus on practical application, you’ll construct, categorise and criticise different ethical arguments, spotting common fallacies and identifying weaknesses in an argument. For example, students recently considered the moral and legal arguments raised in a 2021 High Court case on the Abortion Act 1967, and whether a provision permitting abortion up until birth in the case of foetal disabilities such as Down Syndrome was discriminatory and in contravention of Human Rights. The course typically attracts a broad range of professionals in healthcare, law and related areas, recent graduates and intercalating medical students, which enriches discussion, debate and shared experiences. In fact, students frequently tell us that what they value most is being exposed to a huge range of contrasting viewpoints, meeting and exchanging ideas with peers who work in different fields and sectors, in other parts of the country, and sometimes the world. Past students have included doctors, nurses, lawyers, health care managers, radiographers, dentists, veterinary practitioners, chaplains, charity and voluntary workers, social workers, hospice directors, hospital administrators, medical and pharmaceutical researchers, research ethics committee members, philosophy, law and bioscience graduates, journalists, and health care educators.

Other courses you might be interested in:

MA Medical Ethics and Palliative Care
LLM Law with SQE Preparation
Enquire about this course

"My MA in Medical Ethics and Law changed the way I think as well as my career trajectory. I am now a Lead Tutor for Ethics and Law education at Manchester University Medical School, a member of a tertiary children’s hospital’s ethics committee and part of my Royal College’s working group on genomics all directly because of the MA. More importantly, my improved ability to frame a question, analyse information and construct answers has totally changed the way I work as a doctor, especially within management and leadership roles. I had to sit back and ask myself questions about why I believed one thing, rather than the other, on numerous occasions and it was a fun, educational and humbling experience. One that I benefitted from and would strongly encourage others to do." Dr David Wright, MA Medical Ethics and Law graduate

Course structure

The programme is purposefully structured in a way that allows you to maintain full-time employment whilst studying, particularly important for students seeking continuing professional development or looking to switch careers. Starting in October, it can be studied over one year full-time, two years part-time or up to five years if you choose to study on a modular basis. Teaching is delivered in short, intense blocks of typically three days’ duration. The part-time programme requires only 13 days attendance in Year 1 and two days in Year 2. On the MA, you will complete 180 credits, which comprises four 30-credit taught modules and a 60-credit dissertation, which is studied over the course of a year on a topic of your choice. The first two modules, which are studied alongside students on the MA in Medical Ethics and Palliative Care, provide a solid introduction to medical ethics and medical law. You’ll also develop your understanding of the language, norms and conventions used when writing or preparing academic arguments in these disciplines. The third and fourth modules apply the skills developed in the first two modules to the analysis of ethical and legal issues arising within the doctor-patient relationship and the broader policy context. Students may exit with a Postgraduate Certificate or a Postgraduate Diploma after successful completion of two or four taught modules. The information below outlines a one-year full-time study schedule. When taken part-time, the four taught modules (three core, one optional) are taken in the first year, with the dissertation being completed in the second year. If you opt for modular study, you will take one or more taught modules per year for a period of up to four years, followed by the dissertation in your final year.

The module details given below are indicative, they are intended to provide you with an idea of the range of subjects that are taught to our current students. The modules that will be available for you to study in future years are prone to change as we regularly review our teaching to ensure that it is up-to-date and informed by the latest research and teaching methods, as well as student voice. The information presented is therefore not intended to be construed and/or relied upon as a definitive list of the modules available in any given year.

Core modules

Moral Theory and Medical Ethics (30 credits, Semester 1) This module provides an overview of the key ethical theories, frameworks and principles that underpin decisions and action by doctors, health providers, patients and families in relation to treatment plans and to achieve a shared goal. You’ll learn to use these tools to analyse practical moral problems in medical and healthcare ethics. Topics covered typically include: consequentialism; deontology; virtue ethics; the ethics of care; principlism; autonomy and paternalism; the ethical foundations of consent; confidentiality and truth-telling. Principles of Medical Law (30 credits, Semester 1) Developing your knowledge of the key principles, cases and statutes in medical law, you’ll learn to critique aspects of medical law and apply your knowledge of the law to practices in medicine and healthcare. Topics covered typically include: introduction to law; use of cases and statutes; law and consent; capacity; professional negligence; mental health law; confidentiality and the law; the relationship between law and morality; adolescent competence, parental responsibility and child decision-making; and human rights.

Life, Death and the Human Body (30 credits, Semester 2) Ranging from abortion and regulation of reproduction to selective reproduction, euthanasia and living organ donation, this module focuses on the often controversial issues surrounding the moral and legal status of humans and human bodies. You will consider the legal and ethical implications for a broad range of issues in healthcare and medicine: interventions at birth and end-of-life, as well as modifications to the human body. Additional indicative topics include advance decisions, terminal sedation, suicide and mental health, court-ordered caesarean section, gender dysphoria, disability and transgender persons.

Healthcare, Justice and Society (30 credits, Semester 2)

The ethical and legal implications for healthcare practice extend much further than the practitioners and patients themselves, with ramifications for wider society given the breadth and scope of healthcare services. The aim of this module is to deepen your knowledge and understanding of some of the broader legal obligations in healthcare, including international law and the criminal regulation of medicine. You will consider the moral issues that can arise, for example, in allocating healthcare resources without discrimination for children, young people and adults, not just in hospital settings, but also across secure and detained settings, such as prisons and immigration removal centres. Course content is responsive to contemporary issues, but additional topics may include biomedical research, bio-banking, stem cell policy, conscientious objection in healthcare, psychopathy, criminal transmission of HIV, vaccination policy, pandemic management, and infanticide.

Medical Ethics and Law Dissertation (60 credits, studied throughout the course) The production of a 15,000 to 20,000-word dissertation provides an exciting opportunity to work under the supervision of an expert in your chosen field of interest, demonstrating a level of knowledge and understanding far beyond what you have learned in class. You’ll be supported to develop the research skills needed to conduct an extended piece of work on a topic of your choice, analysing existing relevant research. While your dissertation must relate to an issue within the broad area of health care law or ethics, you can choose your own topic to reflect your personal or professional interest. Some students start the course with a clear idea about what they want to write about – often an ethical issue from within their own practice – but others find and develop particular interests as the course progresses. Examples of recent dissertation topics which reflect the breadth of the subject include saviour siblings; female genital mutilation versus female genital cosmetic surgery; conversion therapy; AI and robotic surgery; resources and GP virtual consultations; and social media solicitation for organ donation.

Entry requirements

Intercalating Medical Students We welcome applications from undergraduate medical students who have the option to take an intercalated year. To take the MA in Medical Ethics and Law as an intercalated year, you must normally have completed the fourth year of a medical degree. To ensure the course is completed within one year, you must study the MA in Medical Ethics and Law as a full time student.

The following section details our typical entry requirements for this course for a range of UK and international qualifications. If you don't see your qualifications listed, please contact us to find out if we can accept your qualifications.

Typical offer

Please ensure that you read the full entry requirements by selecting your qualifications from the dropdown menu below. This will include any subject specific, GCSE/Level 2 Maths, and English language requirements you may need.

Please select your country from the drop-down list below for the full entry requirement information

2:2 degree in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

You will also need: an English language qualification (see below)

60% in a 4-year degree or 3-year degree with a 2-year Master's in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject from a public university or CGPA 2.8 in a 4-year degree or 3-year degree with a 2-year Master's in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject from a private university or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

We don’t accept degrees from certain universities, please see our Bangladesh Country Page for more information

70% or C or a GPA of 2.5 in a degree (Ordinary or Honours) in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

70% in a degree in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject or 65% in a degree in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject from a '211' university or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

Second class degree in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

55% or CGPA 6/10 in a degree of at least 3 years in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

60% / 2.4 in a 4-year Bachelor's degree in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities, or social sciences subject or 65% / CGPA 2.8 in a 3-year Bachelor's degree in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities, or social sciences subject or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

We accept a range of qualifications from Pakistan. Please visit our Pakistan Country Page for more information

or we will consider demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

You will also need an English language qualification (see below)

South Africa

Second class division 2 / 60% in a Bachelor's degree with Honours in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities, or social sciences subject or Second class division 1 / 70% in an Ordinary Bachelor's degree in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities, or social sciences subject or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

55% in a Special Bachelor's degree in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

English language requirements

All of our courses require an English language qualification or test. For most students, this requirement can be met with a 4 or C in GCSE English. Please see our English Language guidance pages for further details, including English language test information for international students. For those students who require an English language test, this course requires a test from Group B .

Normally, you will need to provide at least one academic reference to support your application unless you have been out of study longer than two years. If it has been more than two years since you last studied on a degree-level programme, you will normally need to provide an employment reference instead. For more information about Academic References, please see our Postgraduate how to apply web pages .

Personal Statement/Statement of Purpose

Please see our Postgraduate how to apply web pages for guidance on what to include in your personal statement.

Recognition of Prior Learning

The Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) is a process which enables applicants to receive recognition and formal credit for learning acquired in the past through formal study or work and life experiences.

RPL can also be requested for admission onto the start of a programme in lieu of the admission requirements. For more information, see our Recognition of Prior Learning web pages .

Professional qualifications and work experience

The majority of our courses will consider relevant work experience and/or professional qualifications at the appropriate level, as an alternative to an undergraduate degree for entry. The work experience should be for a sustained period and at a suitable level, based within a relevant sector to your chosen course.

Admissions staff will review your work experience and/or professional qualifications during the assessment of your application to ensure suitability in terms of relevancy, level and appropriate learning outcomes.

General information

The entry grades outlined in this section indicate the typical offer which would be made to candidates, along with any subject specific requirements. This is for general information only. Keele University reserves the right to vary offer conditions depending upon a candidate's application.

Living costs

Keele University is located on a beautiful campus and has all the facilities of a small town. Student accommodation, shops, restaurants and cafes are all within walking distance of the teaching buildings. This is a very cost effective way to live and to reduce your living costs.

Please note, if your course offers a January start date, the January 2024 start date falls in the 2023/24 academic year. Please see the 2023/24 academic year fees for the relevant fees for starting this course in January 2024.

Planning your funding

It's important to plan carefully for your funding before you start your course. Please be aware that not all postgraduate courses and not all students are eligible for the UK government postgraduate loans and, in some cases, you would be expected to source alternative funding yourself. If you need support researching your funding options, please contact our Financial Support Team.

Scholarships

We are committed to rewarding excellence and potential. Please visit our bursaries and scholarships webpages for more information.

For continuing students, fees will increase annually by RPIX, with a maximum cap of 5% per year.

Your career

This exciting, interdisciplinary course allows you to pursue your ethical and legal interests – for personal or professional reasons – exploring the ethical dilemmas facing healthcare professionals and administrators on a daily basis and delving beyond the ‘soundbite’ rhetoric of media headlines. In addition to the specialist knowledge you’ll gain, you’ll develop a range of essential transferable skills in analysis, critical thinking, problem-solving and communications. This can broaden your career options in a wide variety of roles in medical, legal and ethical fields, ranging from clinical or medical practice to policy-making, teaching or research. For those working in healthcare or related fields, it can build your confidence in handling workplace decisions that have ethical implications, enhancing your knowledge, skills and practice in developing and delivering end-of-life care strategies. It will be especially beneficial if you are, for example, seeking to obtain a position on an ethics committee or direct your career towards strategy development, risk management, research or work in medical defence. Many of our working students study this course out of interest and with a desire to gain specialist knowledge and skills to help them progress within their existing careers. For example, previous students have included junior doctors seeking to become consultants, or bioscience graduates keen to demonstrate their commitment and engagement in pursuit of a medical career, or lawyers seeking to expand their practice in a specific area. The specialist research skills you learn also provide a strong foundation for pursuing further study at doctoral level for those interested in doing so.

Positions may include:

Hospice director
Newspaper journalist
Philosopher
Policy officer
Social worker

Teaching, learning and assessment

How you'll be taught.

Run by the School of Law at Keele University, this course is taught by a team of ethicists and legal academics who are both active researchers and experienced in delivering postgraduate medical ethics education. Interactive and practical teaching methods include lectures, seminars, group work and case studies. Ethics is not a spectator sport and you’ll be encouraged to engage in discussion and debate from the outset. From time to time, experts from outside Keele may be invited to speak on the course, providing alternative academic and professional perspectives. Past speakers have included, for example, the CEO of St Giles Hospice, as well as distinguished graduates of the course, such as Dr Joe Brierley, Consultant in paediatric and neonatal intensive care, and Director of the Paediatric Bioethics Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London. Students frequently tell us that what they value most from this course is being exposed to a huge range of contrasting viewpoints, meeting and exchanging ideas with peers who work in different fields and sectors in other parts of the country, sometimes the world. Teaching takes place in three-day blocks and we often organise an informal meal during the first block so you can get to know your staff and fellow students. You are welcome to come to Keele between blocks to meet with your academic mentor or supervisor, attend talks by visiting speakers, and use other university facilities, though you can keep in touch via email, phone or videoconferencing if you live further away. As part of the course, you will receive lots of academic training and support, for example, in how to write essays and construct arguments in ethical issues. On the Moral Theory and Medical Ethics module, you’ll be introduced to the norms and conventions of academic argument and writing in applied ethics, while the Principles of Medical Law module covers writing law essays, preparing legal arguments and referencing. You will be allocated an academic mentor, who can provide pastoral and academic support. You also have the option of 1:1 appointments with learning development advisors.

Teaching schedule

The 2024 in-person teaching schedule for the taught modules is outlined below. Please note, we reserve the right to changes these dates in exceptional circumstances.

Outside of the taught elements, you will be able to consult with supervisors and will have access to the University’s learning and teaching facilities, and support services.

Induction day

Tuesday 1 October 2024.
Moral Theory and Medical Ethics: Wednesday 2 - Friday 4 October 2024
Principles of Medical Law: Wednesday 27 - Friday 29 November 2024
Life, Death and the Human Body: Wednesday 29 - Friday 30 January 2025
Dissertation: Monday 14 October 2024 and Tuesday 25 March 2025
Healthcare, Justice and Society: Wednesday 26 - Friday 28 March 2025

How you’ll be assessed

There are no exams on this course. Instead, at the end of each module, you will be required to write a 5,000-word essay, as well as your final dissertation. For each module, you will have a choice of questions reflecting the topics covered in the teaching. You will receive feedback on your essay during the subsequent teaching block, enabling continuous improvement over the duration of the course.

Keele Postgraduate Association

Keele University is one of a handful of universities in the UK to have a dedicated students' union for postgraduate students. A fully registered charity, Keele Postgraduate Association serves as a focal point for the social life and welfare needs of all postgraduate students during their time at Keele.

Hugely popular, the KPA Clubhouse (near Horwood Hall) provides a dedicated postgraduate social space and bar on campus, where you can grab a bite to eat and drink, sit quietly and read a book, or switch off from academic life at one of the many regular events organised throughout the year. The KPA also helps to host a variety of conferences, as well as other academic and career sessions, to give you and your fellow postgraduates the opportunities to come together to discuss your research, and develop your skills and networks.

Our expertise

Teaching staff.

For 35 years, Keele School of Law has been at the forefront of medical ethics and law education, having first delivered the MA in Medical Ethics and Law back in 1987, followed shortly by the MA Medical Ethics and Palliative Care. You’ll be taught by staff with a broad range of expertise in the distinct disciplines of philosophy and law.

Teaching team includes:

Dr Kevin De Sabbata , Lecturer in Law with research interests in healthcare law and ethics, mental health law, global health law, and disability rights.

Dr Jonathan Hughes , Senior Lecturer in Ethics – a philosopher with research interests in the ethics relating to conscientious objection in healthcare, autism and neurodiversity, resource allocation, risk and the precautionary principle, end of life issues.

Dr Abigail Pearson , Lecturer in Law with research interests in disability, equality, human rights and legal education.

Dr Laura Pritchard-Jones , Senior Lecturer in Law with research interests in mental disability law, adult safeguarding, and the legal framework around social care provision for adults.

Dr Sotirios Santatzoglou , Lecturer in Law with interests in medical negligence and end-of-life criminal law.

Professor Anthony Wrigley , Professor of Ethics – a philosopher whose research focuses on ethical and policy issues, including new genetic and reproductive technologies, consent for those who have lost capacity, and end-of-life care.

Dr Dunja Begović, Lecturer in Medical Law and Ethics - Research interests include ethico-legal aspects of reproduction and the end of life.

With a critical and inter-disciplinary approach to law and social justice, the School of Law is an internationally recognised centre for legal research with a longstanding tradition of excellence in moral philosophy, applied ethics, doctrinal, and socio-legal scholarship. Supported by a specialist Law Librarian, the Law library in the main University library has an extensive range of electronic resources and online legal databases, and stocks a range of law journals, professional resources, case reports, statutes, text books and research monographs. You’ll have access to copies of core texts within the School. Based in the main Chancellor’s Building, right at the heart of campus, we offer a range of additional student learning resources and facilities. This includes our Moot Room, a model courtroom used for extra-curricular mooting activities, and a refurbished room dedicated for postgraduate taught students on the second floor. Equipped with networked pcs, an adjustable workstation and a meeting table, it’s great place to continue your discussions or chat between classes.

Keele University Enquiries Form

Please submit your question in the form below and a member of our enquiries team will be in touch with you shortly.

Upon submitting this form, your enquiry will be forwarded on to our enquiries team who will contact you to answer your question and provide further details about the course that you are interested in.

Your Preferences

Please keep me informed via:

What we're going to do with your data and why?

We will securely store your data and send you essential information (examples include updates on an application or booking confirmations for events such as Open Days).

We would also like to send you useful information about studying at University (particularly Keele) and/or the courses that you have shown an interest in. To do this we need your consent and information on which communication channels you would like to hear from us on (please see opt-in boxes above).

We will never sell your data to a third party. We only ever share data with companies involved in helping us communicate with you or helping us to manage your data (examples include; Online forms, Printers, Postal services, other University partners etc).

How long are we keeping it?

We will keep your data for the year that you first enquire with us plus 6 subsequent years. This is to ensure that you are legally protected should you have any issues with the use of your data.

Unsubscribe

By selecting no to the preferences above you will have unsubscribed, however, this does not mean that your data has been deleted. If you would like to invoke your right to be forgotten please refer to the section below.

What to do if I change my mind?

To change your preferences after you have closed this form, simply reopen the link to this page. For further information about how your data is held, including your right to be forgotten, please contact [email protected]

Legal Aspects of Medical Practice (LLM)

Duration: 2 years
Mode: Part time blended learning

Find out more about studying here as a postgraduate at our next Open Day .

Why study this course

In recent years, the law relating to medicine and healthcare has become increasingly complex. This has significant consequences for medical practices and questions of legal liability and compensation. This programme aims to provide a sound knowledge of the legal rules applicable to the practice and administration of healthcare.

Cover a wide range of topics

Receive an introduction to medical law and study topics that include ethics, consent and negligence.

Diverse learning community

Study with law, medicine, nursing, dentistry, psychiatry and pharmacology graduates plus healthcare and health management professionals.

Attend residential weekends

This course is taught via four in-person residential weekends which allow you to continue your professional development whilst working in the sector.

Earn points while you study

Continuing medical education (CME) points will be awarded to doctors where appropriate.

Our LLM Legal Aspects of Medical Practice, established in 1987, aims to provide a sound knowledge of the legal rules applicable to, and the issues surrounding, the practice and administration of healthcare, as well as the ethical principles underpinning these rules.

The law relating to medicine and healthcare has become increasingly complex and patients are becoming more aware of their legal rights and the ethical principles which underline these rights. This has significant consequences for healthcare practices, the regulation of healthcare, and the relationships between patients and members of healthcare teams. This includes complex areas like patient information and consent, legal and professional regulation of healthcare professionals, clinical negligence, and beginning and end-of-life issues. Changes in the structure of the NHS are also giving rise to a number of important legal problems. Furthermore, an increased understanding of ethics and how this relates to both the practice and regulation of healthcare provide a ready source of criticism for existing and proposed legal rules.

This programme is taught via a series of in-person teaching blocks, each of which is delivered across a weekend (apart from the first block which includes a Friday). This enables you to fit study into your current working arrangements while still allowing the creation of a learning community.

You will have the opportunity to study topics in-depth and conduct research in areas of medical law and ethics of particular interest to you. The programme:

• Covers a wide spectrum of healthcare law and ethics topics; • Stimulates a critical approach to evaluation of current and proposed regulation and cultivates independent and original thought; • Enables you to undertake in-depth research and demonstrate advanced knowledge in specific areas of law.

Where you'll study

School of Law and Politics

Our vibrant student body combined with highly qualified academic staff provides the perfect environment to explore the dynamic and fast-paced fields of law, politics and international relations.

Research at the School of Law and Politics Chevron right
News and features Chevron right
Academic staff Chevron right
Telephone +44 (0)29 2087 6102
Marker Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX

Admissions criteria

In order to be considered for an offer for this programme you will need to meet all of the entry requirements. Your application will not be progressed if the information and evidence listed is not provided.

With your online application you will need to provide:

A copy of your degree certificate and transcripts which show you have achieved a 2:1 honours degree in dentistry, law, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, veterinary science, or an equivalent international degree. If your degree certificate or result is pending, please upload any interim transcripts or provisional certificates.
A copy of your IELTS certificate with an overall score of 6.5 with 6.5 in writing and 6.0 in all other subskills, or evidence of an accepted equivalent. Please include the date of your expected test if this qualification is pending. If you have alternative acceptable evidence, such as an undergraduate degree studied in the UK, please supply this in place of an IELTS.

If you do not have a degree in a relevant area, your application may be considered on the basis of your professional experience of working in the National Health Service or related administration. Please provide additional evidence to support your application such as signed and dated employer references.

Application Deadline

We allocate places on a first-come, first-served basis, so we recommend you apply as early as possible. Applications normally close at the end of August but may close sooner if all places are filled.

Selection process

We will review your application and if you meet all of the entry requirements, we will make you an offer.

Find out more about English language requirements .

Criminal convictions

You are not required to complete a DBS (Disclosure Barring Service) check or provide a Certificate of Good Conduct to study this course.

If you are currently subject to any licence condition or monitoring restriction that could affect your ability to successfully complete your studies, you will be required to disclose your criminal record. Conditions include, but are not limited to:

access to computers or devices that can store images
use of internet and communication tools/devices
freedom of movement
contact with people related to Cardiff University.

Course structure

The programme is delivered in two stages:

• Stage One (the taught component) comprises four 30-credit compulsory modules (120 credits); • Stage Two (the dissertation stage) comprises the 60-credit dissertation.

Stage One is taught over a period of two years, through lectures, seminars and workshops in a series of eight weekend blocks. Modules in Stage One will provide a firm grounding for understanding the interaction between law, ethics, and healthcare. They focus on an introduction to medical law and ethics, the role of consent and capacity in healthcare, the regulation of healthcare practices by the law and professional bodies, and the role ethics plays in legal decision-making in complex healthcare cases. You will take two modules each academic year; each module will be studied over two block weekends (you will therefore attend four weekend blocks each academic year).

You will progress to the dissertation upon successful completion of Stage One.

If you do not satisfy the requirements of both stages you may be awarded a Postgraduate Certificate (60 credits) or Postgraduate Diploma (120 credits), subject to successful completion of the requisite number of taught modules and to meeting the criteria set out in the Senate Regulations for Modular Postgraduate Programmes.

The modules shown are an example of the typical curriculum and will be reviewed prior to the 2024/25 academic year. The final modules will be published by September 2024.

Year one comprises two compulsory 30-credit modules.

Module title	Module code	Credits
	CLT720	30 credits
	CLT722	30 credits

Year two comprises two compulsory 30-credit modules. Upon successful completion of the taught stage at the end of year two, you will progress to the 60-credit dissertation.

Module title	Module code	Credits
	CLT700	60 credits
	CLT721	30 credits
	CLT723	30 credits

The University is committed to providing a wide range of module options where possible, but please be aware that whilst every effort is made to offer choice this may be limited in certain circumstances. This is due to the fact that some modules have limited numbers of places available, which are allocated on a first-come, first-served basis, while others have minimum student numbers required before they will run, to ensure that an appropriate quality of education can be delivered; some modules require students to have already taken particular subjects, and others are core or required on the programme you are taking. Modules may also be limited due to timetable clashes, and although the University works to minimise disruption to choice, we advise you to seek advice from the relevant School on the module choices available.

Learning and assessment

How will i be taught.

Your modules will be delivered through a combination of lectures, seminars and workshops, and individual and joint written oral presentations, during weekend teaching blocks. Modules are typically led by experienced staff actively engaged in research relevant to their subject area.

Distance learning delivery, in the form of e-modules supported by Learning Central, will support and enhance your learning between block weekends: • a distinct e-module is aligned to each taught module; • an additional e-module is available at programme level, providing materials relevant to the programme as a whole, as well as learning materials which will be developed throughout the course of the programme.

Studying at postgraduate level is intensive and challenging and it is important that you take full advantage of the teaching that is provided in order to succeed. Attendance at all classes is compulsory and we will expect you to be well prepared and able to contribute to discussions and presentations.

How will I be assessed?

We make use of both formative and summative assessment.

Formative assessments do not contribute towards your degree but are designed to give you the opportunity to develop your skills, practice for your summative assessments and enable you and your tutors to assess your progress in your modules. Formative assessments will normally involve written coursework or a class test or may comprise individual student presentations. In addition to these formative assessments, multiple choice question quizzes (which allow you to self-test your substantive knowledge) may be available on the e-learning platform.

Summative assessments contribute towards your final award. Your results in these assessments: • determine your formal progression through the programme; and • determine your final award.

Each of the LLM Legal Aspects of Medical Practice modules delivered during stage one are summatively assessed. The Dissertation (up to 15,000 words) comprises the stage two summative assessment.

How will I be supported?

Your learning will be supported during weekend teaching blocks and, beyond this, through e-learning. All taught modules are supported by Learning Central, a virtual learning environment that is available on and off campus and through which you will be able to access a wide range of module materials and communicate with other members of your cohort via a discussion group facility. In addition, a programme level Learning Central module will provide a range of materials for use throughout the lifespan of the programme.

You will receive dedicated pastoral support through our personal tutor scheme. You will be assigned a personal tutor who will be able to provide support, as required, between phases of face to face learning via email, phone, and skype. Your personal tutor will operate designated office hours and will also make appointments with you outside of these general office hours, on request. Your personal tutor will also be able to signpost you to other areas of student support, should you need it.

A designated Disability and Diversity Officer ensures that reasonable adjustments are made for students with disabilities. The University has a range of services to support you, including the Careers Service, the Counselling Service, the Disability and Dyslexia Service, the Student Support Service and excellent libraries with specialist law librarians and resource centres.

In addition, we offer an extensive programme of careers lectures and workshops with an in-house Law Careers Consultant. Feedback Oral feedback will be provided during seminars, and you will also receive written feedback on both your formative and summative assessments. Individual feedback on formative work will help you identify strengths and weaknesses in your learning, as well as how you might improve your performance in summative assessments. Written feedback will be made available no later than four weeks from the submission of your assessment.

What skills will I practise and develop?

Knowledge & Understanding:

On successful completion of the Programme you will be demonstrate the ability to: • explain in detail, and with clarity and precision, the principal features of topics from medical law and ethics you have studied and any relevant proposals for regulatory/legal reform; • display an understanding of the current principles and developments in medical law and ethics; • critically evaluate and interpret the interaction between law and ethics; • critically engage with sources of law so as to be able to discuss critically the wider context of legal rules relevant to medical law, healthcare and ethics; • evaluate different methodologies and perspectives within legal scholarship and their application to topics studied on the programme.

Intellectual Skills:

On successful completion of the Programme you will be able to demonstrate the ability to: • appraise, analyse, interpret and apply the main principles and legal rules relevant to medical law, healthcare, and ethics, with appropriate references to independently identified primary and secondary materials. • critically evaluate the doctrinal coherence and significance of the corpus of medical law and ethics; • critically evaluate legal and healthcare issues and the implications of proposals for reform in a social, cultural and political context; • critically evaluate problems and issues involving multiple interacting or complex legal, ethical, or healthcare factors.

Professional Practical Skills:

On successful completion of the Programme you will be able to demonstrate the ability to: • design and undertake independent research using primary and secondary materials relating to specific issues in medical law, ethics and healthcare practice; • independently develop and analyse legal issues which involve complex interacting factors of law, healthcare and ethics; • independently identify relevant primary and secondary sources on a new legal topic and demonstrate this ability by writing an essay, report or presenting an informed oral opinion; • summarise sustained critical expositions of particular topics of study and explain and evaluate the findings clearly, logically and coherently in a way which is appropriate for a professional situation.

Transferable/Key Skills:

On successful completion of the Programme you will be able to demonstrate the ability to: • reflect on your own learning and the ability to conceive of ways to fill gaps in your knowledge or understanding; • arrange, and take responsibility for, structuring, managing and reporting, orally or in writing, the outcome of independent research.

Tuition fees for 2024 entry

Your tuition fees and how you pay them will depend on your fee status. Your fee status could be home, island or overseas.

Learn how we decide your fee status

Fees for home status

Year	Tuition fee	Deposit
Year one	£8,100	None
Year two	£8,100	None

Students from the EU, EEA and Switzerland

If you are an EU, EEA or Swiss national, your tuition fees for 2024/25 be in line with the overseas fees for international students, unless you qualify for home fee status. UKCISA have provided information about Brexit and tuition fees .

Fees for island status

Learn more about the postgraduate fees for students from the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man .

Fees for overseas status

Year	Tuition fee	Deposit
Year one	£11,475	£2,500
Year two	£11,475	None

More information about tuition fees and deposits , including for part-time and continuing students.

Financial support

Financial support may be available to individuals who meet certain criteria. For more information visit our funding section. Please note that these sources of financial support are limited and therefore not everyone who meets the criteria are guaranteed to receive the support.

Additional costs

Living costs.

We’re based in one of the UK’s most affordable cities. Find out more about living costs in Cardiff .

Postgraduate loans

If you are starting your master’s degree in September 2024 or later, you may be able to apply for a postgraduate loan to support your study at Cardiff University.

Alumni Discount

The alumni discount is available for Cardiff University graduates who are planning to start an eligible master's in 2024/25.

Career prospects

LLM Legal Aspects of Medical Practice graduates have gone on to become barristers, solicitors, coroners, police surgeons, general practitioners, consultants, dentists, NHS managers, pharmacists, nurse-tutors, doctors and dentists employed by the Department of Health and the Defence Organisations.

Open Day visits

Make an enquiry, international, discover more.

Search for your courses

Postgraduate

Be part of a thriving postgraduate community in a university known internationally for outstanding research and teaching.

Postgraduate prospectus 2024

Download a copy of our prospectus, school and subject brochures, and other guides.

Order or download

Get in touch if you have a question about studying with us.

Skip to main content
Accessibility information

Enlighten Enlighten

Enlighten Theses

Latest Additions
Browse by Year
Browse by Subject
Browse by College/School
Browse by Author
Browse by Funder
Login (Library staff only)

In this section

Consent to medical treatment and the competent adult

Maclean, Alasdair Rhuairidh (2006) Consent to medical treatment and the competent adult. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow.

In this thesis I analyse the concept of consent to medical treatment. I explore its ethical basis in autonomy and examine how other principles and ethical approaches might interact with the rules derived from autonomy. I then situate the relevant ethical obligations within the context f the healthcare professional-patient relationship which subsequently allows me to develop a textured model of consent.

The model is predicated on the theory that consent is a secondary right, derivative on the underlying right which it controls. By giving or withholding consent, the autonomous person determines who may justifiably infringe the primary right. Importantly, however, the context of the professional-patent relationship highlights the relevance of consent, not just as permission, but also as agreement.

I subsequently utilise the model of consent to analyse the current law, which is found to be deficient. I explore the conceptual difficulties of the split regulation between the torts of battery and negligence. I examine the current standard of disclosure and conclude that while it seems to be moving towards more autonomy respecting prudent patient standard, the courts may still be affording expert witnesses too much say in determining which risks should be disclosed. Most importantly I expose the thin and unsatisfactory conception of autonomy that appears to ground the current legal approach.

Some of the common law’s deficiencies lie in tort law’s focus on the outcome rather than the process of the interaction between healthcare professional and the patient. There are three responses to these deficiencies. The common law could be allowed to continue its piecemeal development. The deficiencies of the common law could be patched up by developing professional regulation, or new legislation could be drafted to deal specifically with consent to medical treatment. If there is a genuine commitment to patient autonomy and patient centred care then I submit that legislation is justified.

Actions (login required)

Item Type:	Thesis (PhD)
Qualification Level:	Doctoral
Subjects:	>
Colleges/Schools:	>
Supervisor's Name:	Montgomery, Professor Jonathan and McClean, Professor Sheila
Date of Award:	2006
Depositing User:
Unique ID:	glathesis:2006-5448
Copyright:	Copyright of this thesis is held by the author.
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2014 15:03
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2014 15:03
URI:

View Item

Downloads per month over past year

View more statistics

The University of Glasgow is a registered Scottish charity: Registration Number SC004401

No category

Medical Law Dissertation Topics

Add this document to collection(s)

You can add this document to your study collection(s)

Add this document to saved

You can add this document to your saved list

Suggest us how to improve StudyLib

(For complaints, use another form )

Input it if you want to receive answer

Stanford Law School | Robert Crown Law Library

Stanford Law School's Theses and Dissertations Collection

Early Thesis and Dissertation of Stanford Law School, 1929 to 1956
Theses and Dissertations of Stanford Law School,1970-1995
Stanford Program in International Legal Studies’ Theses, 1996 to 2010
Stanford Law School’s Dissertations, 1996 to 2010
Stanford Program in International Legal Studies Theses, 2011 to 2025

Title: Stanford Law School’s Dissertations, 1996 to 2010

Title: Stanford Law School’s Dissertations Inclusive Dates: 1996 to 2010

Access Restrictions: None Copyright Restriction: Property rights reside with Robert Crown Law Library Special Collection. Copyrights are retained by the creator of the records or their heirs.

Series Description:

This series consists of dissertations produced by Stanford Law School’s candidates in the Doctor of the Science of Law or the Doctor of Jurisprudence programs during the years of 1996 to 2010. Each dissertation is original research that each individual submit to a committee of Stanford law professors to prove that they add substantial original scholarly works. Subject matter that Dissertation covers is diverse in nature. This series is arranged by call number and author's last name.

Extent: 3 linear feet (textual) Location(s) : GS-SU-06-02-01 to GS-SU-06-01-06

3781 1996 C - Environmental Protection Under and After Socialism: A Study of Poland 3781 1996 C - Riverrun: Three Essays about the Uses of History in Legal Problems Concerning Native Americans 3781 1996 D - Do you Speak Genomics?: Patenting Biotechnology "Translation" Inventions and Other Macromolecules 3781 1996 S - Corporate Governance in Quasi Public Corporations: A New Perspective in Cameroon 3781 1997 B - Innovation Market Concept: A Model for European Merger Control? 3781 1997 E - The Dispute Settlement System in the Egyptian Capital Market and Economic Development 3781 1997 H - Private Property, Culture, and Ideology: Israel's Supreme Court and the Jurisprudence of Land Expropriation 3781 1997 Y - Medical Malpractice in Taiwan: Myth and Reality 3781 1997 Z - A Critical Analysis of the Ethical Duty of Confidentiality in the American law 3781 1998 B - The accommodation of Interests in Freedom of the Press and Protection of Reputation in the Constitutional Doctrine of the United States and Spain 3781 1998 C - Differential Treatment in International Law: A New Framework for the Realisation of Sustainable Development 3781 1998 C - International Tax Policy Under NAFTA: The Impact of National Tax Differences on Capital Flows under Regional Trade and Investment Integration 3781 1998 C - Telecommunications Reform in Mexico: Challenges for Entering the Global Digital Economy 3781 1998 H - Rethinking the Legal Structure of Bank Securities Powers: "Universal Banking" vs. the "Glass-Steagall Act" in Taiwan 3781 1998 K - Property Rights and Biodiversity Management in Kenya: The Case of Land Tenure Regimes and Wildlife Management 3781 1998 L - Economic and Sociological Theories of Contingent Employment: Critique and Implications for Law Reform 3781 1998 N - Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society 3781 1998 R - Constitutional Gravity and Alternative Dispute Resolution: A Unitary Theory of Public Civil Dispute Resolution 3781 1998 Y - Embedded Strategies, Corporate Partners, and Markets in the Digital Age 3781 1999 C - Assessing the Impacts of Trade Liberalization on Forests 3781 1999 D - The Impact of Plant Intellectual Property Rights on Thailand's Agriculture: Implications of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) 3781 1999 Y - International Strategic Alliances in High Technology Industries: A Law and Economic Analysis From an Antitrust Perspective 3781 2000 D - Volume 1 Sexual Harassment Law: History, Cases, and Theory 3781 2000 D - Volume 2 Sexual Harassment Law: History, Cases, and Theory 3781 2000 K - Restructuring the Liability Regime in the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 3781 2000 L - Minimal State and Distributive Justice: An Essay on Nozick's Theory with Some Comparative Aspects to Rawls' 3781 2000 O - Law, Gender Relations and Social Change in Nigeria 3781 2000 W - Environmental Pollution in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A Case for Direct Equity Participation

3 781 2001 C - Self-Censorship and the Struggle for Press Freedom in Hong Kong 3781 2001 H - Administrative Litigation and Court Reform in the People's Republic of China 3781 2001 H - Critical Eating: Genetically Engineered Foods in International Relations: Designing International Bodies on Risk Management in Evolving Science & Technology with Global Impact 3781 2001 R - Counsel for the Indigent Accused in the United States and the Republic of Korea: Constitutional Reflections and Suggestions for Changes in the South Korean Criminal Justice System 3781 2001 R - Strategic Alliances in the United States Microelectronics Industry 3781 2001 W - Four Traces of Michelman and Sunstein's Legal Republicanism: Republican Historiography, Communitarianism, Habermasian Philosophy and Rawlsian Liberalism 3781 2001 W - The Comparison of Prosecutorial Functions in the U.S.A. and in Taiwan 3781 2001 Z - Human Rights Law and Public Interest Lawyering: A Study on the Interdependence of Jurisprudence and the Legal Profession in Israel 3781 2002 C - Environmental Cooperation Institution Building in Northeast Asia 3781 2002 E - Personal Bankruptcy in Israel 3781 2002 L - Custody Decisions in Social and Cultural contexts: The Best Interests of the Child Standard and Judges' Custody Decisions in Taiwan 3781 2002 L - Legal Culture and Social Change: The Case of Taiwanese Family Law Development 3781 2002 M - A Tale of Two Networks: Interconnection in Early Telephony and the Comme[r]cial Internet 3781 2002 M - A Tale of Two Networks: Interconnection in Early Telephony and the Comme[r]cial Internet 3781 2002 R - 2001: A Space Odyssey: Law, Space, and Society in Contemporary Israel 3781 2002 T - The Political Economy of Regulatory Competition: A Diachronic Institutional Theory of Legal Change in an Era of Globalization 3781 2002 W - Crypto Policy and Online Public Forums 3781 2003 B - The Puzzle of Mass Torts: A Comparative Study of Asbestos Litigation 3781 2003 J - Pharmaceutical Differential Pricing: Reality or Wishful Thinking? 3781 2003 S - Constructing Copyright and Literary Creativity in Kenya Cultural Politics and the Political Economy of Transnational Intellectual Property 3781 2003 X - Mediation in China and the United States: Toward Common Outcome 3781 2004 H - Why Do They Not Obey the Law?: A Case Study of a Rural-Urban Migrant Enclave in China 3781 2004 L - Unfinished Business: Challenging Microsoft in Taiwan 3781 2004 M - Kiamas: Rethinking Access to Justice in Domestic Violence Cases in Kenya 3781 2004 N - Commercializing Motion Pictures and Sound Recordings Through the Internet: Copyright Law and Technological Change 3781 2004 P - Balancing in Constitutional Law: A Suggested Analytical Framework Applied to American Constitutional Law 3781 2004 S - An Analysis of the Political Economy of Japanese Fisheries: The Dynamics of Bureaucratic Policymaking in Domestic and International Fisheries 3781 2005 A - An Attempt to Mediate Immigrant Integration: Intercultural Mediators in Catalonia 3781 2005 C - Paying for Nature Conservation with Tax Dollars?: An Evaluation of the Role of Fiscal Policy Reform in Promoting Biodiversity Conservation in Canada through Legal, Economic, Ecological, Fiscal and Political Lenses 3781 2006 A - Banking System in Islamic Countries: Saudi Arabia and Egypt 3781 2006 A - Democratic Deliberation of Trade Legislation in Ghana: Institutions, Interests and Accountability 3781 2006 A - The Legal Culture of the European Court of Human Rights 3781 2006 H - Women's Experience in Court: The Implementation of Feminist Law Reforms in Civil Proceedings Concerning Domestic Violence 3781 2006 L - Divorce and Annulment in San Mateo County, California 1950-1957 3781 2006 N - Toward Better-Balanced Copyright Regulations in the Digital and Network Era: Law, Technology, and the Market in the U.S. and Japan 3781 2006 P - Criminal Investigation and Prosecution in Mexico City: A Case Study of Miguel Hidalgo County and its Ministerio Público 3781 2006 Y - Legal Risk and Investment in India: A Case Study of the Dabhol Power Project 3781 2007 C - Unbundling Path Dependence: A Case Study of Telecommunications Reform in Mexico (1990-2006) 3781 2007 G - All in the Family: The Influence of Social Networks on Dispute Processing: A Case Study of a Developing Economy 3781 2007 H - Social Symmetry: A Theory of Altruism and Cooperation 3781 2007 L - From Imitation to Innovation: The Role of Patent in China's Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries 3781 2007 M - Clientelism, Competition and Corruption: Informal Institutions and Telecommunications Reform in Kenya 3781 2007 W - Legal Framework for the Development of Venture Capital in China: Policy Recommendations for the Establishment of a Growth Enterprise Market ("GEM") 3781 2008 M - Rules and Engagement: A Comparative Qualitative Evaluation of European Union Rule-of-law Promotion in Romania, Turkey, Serbia, and Ukraine 3781 2008 N - The Role of Competition Law and Policy in the Economic Development of Korea 3781 2008 P - "In the Public Interest": Threats to Self-regulation of the Legal Profession in Ontario, 1998-2006 3781 2008 P - The Next Generation of Mexican Lawyers: A Study of Mexico's System of Legal Education and its Law Students 3781 2008 S - Beyond Legalism: The Mexican Supreme Court in the Democratic Era 3781 2009 L - The Neglected Role of Non-Profit Organizations in the Intellectual-Commons Environment 3781 2009 P - The Political-Economy and the Causes of Compliance of Trade and Investment Agreements: NAFTA and the Sweeteners Sector 3781 2009 S - "Outside the Pale of the Law": The Processing of Disputes in Buduburam Refugee Camp in Ghana 3781 2009 S - Recalcitrant Victims and Refractory Systems: An Exploratory Study of Attrition During the Investigation of rape Complaints in Post-Apartheid South Africa 3781 2009 T - The Design of Micro Credit Contracts and Costs of Credit: A Case Study of Micro Enterprise Finance in Uganda 3781 2010 C - Improving the Business Climate Under the Hot Sun: Do Small Business Associations Make a Difference?: A Study of Four Districts in Nyanza Province, Kenya 3781 2010 F - From Gender Based-Violence to Women's Violence in Haiti 3781 2010 F - From State Street to Bilski: Patent Protection in the Financial Industry 3781 2010 L - Weak Independent Directors, Strong Controlling Shareholders: Do Independent Directors Constrain Tunneling in Taiwan? 3781 2010 M - Access to Justice and Resolution of Criminal Cases at Informal Chiefs' Courts: The Ewe of Ghana 3781 2010 O - Measuring Japan's Nursery Quality Within the UNCRC Framework: International Standards for Young Children's Social Services and Their Implications for Japan 3781 2010 S - How do Principals Deal with Underperforming Teachers?: A Study of How Principals from Secondary Schools in Mexico City Manage Underperforming Teachers 3781 2010 T - Cross-border Enforcement of Patents

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2024 10:36 AM
URL: https://guides.law.stanford.edu/c.php?g=1087208

Stanford Home
Maps & Directions
Search Stanford
Emergency Info
Terms of Use
Non-Discrimination
Accessibility

LLM in Medical Law and Ethics

Academic staff
Student profiles
How to apply

The LLM in Medical Law and Ethics by online learning is positioned at the constantly changing interface between medicine and law.

This is an interdisciplinary programme focusing on the important issues affecting medicine, law, and ethics today, within international, European, and domestic settings.

This internationally focussed programme covers the core areas of medical law and ethics, including:

Medical consent
Negligence and confidentiality
Issues at the beginning and end of life
Patient confidentiality
Public health
Regulation of medical research
Legal and social approaches to biotechnology

The programme also enables you to explore the international and interdisciplinary dimensions of medical law and ethics. You will have opportunities to examine health care policy and the regulation of medicine in different parts of the world. You will also evaluate responses to technology and debate possible futures for medical law.

Daniel Schoenberger Graduate of the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics

The University of Edinburgh's world-class LLM in Medical Law and Ethics helped me grow tremendously as a lawyer and personally.

Medical law is a fascinating field of study in the 21st century as advances in medical research and new technologies shift the boundaries of medicine.

New health issues are emerging and patient rights are increasingly taking centre stage. New and complex medico-legal dilemmas are arising in clinical practice, in the realities of human health, and in the relationships between patients and health care professionals.

The programme has been designed for health care professionals, those working in the health-related professions, practitioners in the pharmaceuticals industry, and legal professionals.

Health care professionals will benefit from new knowledge and perspectives on the day-to-day legal and ethical issues they encounter, as well as from the interdisciplinary nature of the programme.

Lawyers and law graduates joining the programme will be able to develop a much broader understanding of medical law and ethics than simply the specialist practice areas of medical negligence and personal injury.

The programme will be of interest if you are interested in specialising or changing career – to work in the following areas:

medical law or health policy;
advising medical professionals and/or patients;
risk management and regulatory affairs, including in health research or in the pharmaceutical or medical devices industries.

We aim to provide challenging, research-led teaching with students benefiting from the expertise of a multidisciplinary team of tutors and the results of innovative cross-cutting research of the highest quality.

Edinburgh Law School academics teaching on this programme are exploring highly topical research themes, which you will also encounter on the programme:

the governance of new medical technologies
e-health, data sharing and privacy
the regulation of biomedical research
the role of law within the doctor-patient relationship
human enhancement

Teaching staff on the LLM programme are also affiliated with the Mason Institute - an interdisciplinary network aimed at investigating the ethical, legal, social and political issues at the interface between medicine, life sciences and the law.

Find out more about the Mason Institute

In this video, we celebrate the 40th anniversary of the first publication of Mason and McCall Smith's Law and Medical Ethics. It is the UK’s leading textbook in medical law and ethics, which was born and nurtured at Edinburgh Law School.

The Mason Institute has its own podcast series and recorded a special episode to celebrate the seminal textbook, Mason and McCall Smith's Law and Medical Ethics.

The podcast looks at how the textbook came about in the first place, what contributions have been made to the current 12th edition published in 2023, and what the future may hold for the book.

Listen to the Mason Institute Podcasts

The MacLagan prize is awarded to the best overall online learning graduate on the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics.

The MacLagan fund has been associated with the Chair of Medical Jurisprudence in the University of Edinburgh since the 19th Century and has funded a prize in online learning for excellence in medical law and ethics since 2011. Previous MacLagan prize winners include:

Mr Daniel Schoenberger - 2018
Dr Gilberto Leung and Mr Mark Davidson - 2017
Dr Edward Mugerwa-Sekawabe - 2016
Dr Lisa Boden - 2015
Miss Qi Ying Teng - 2014
Dr Mark Davies - 2013
Dr Neil Shorney - 2012
Dr Roger Palmer - 2011

If you have any questions about the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics by online learning please don't hesitate to contact us.

[email protected]

The LLM in Medical Law and Ethics offers a comprehensive range of core courses which cover the fundamental areas of medical law.

The programme consists of 180 credits, comprising taught courses worth 120 credits (60 credits per semester) and a 10,000 word dissertation worth 60 credits. Full programme details including course descriptions are available on the University Degree Regulations and Programmes of Study website.

View the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics by online learning degree structure for 2024/25

Courses shown below are scheduled to run in the 2024/25 academic year.

You must complete these courses:

The Fundamentals of Law and Medical Ethics (20 credits)

This course examines the integral relationship between medical law and ethics, and considers the roles and relationships within the clinical setting and in a wider context. It will equip you with an understanding of foundational concepts that are central to your programme. The core aims of the course are:

To foster a critical understanding of the principal elements of medical jurisprudence
To develop a critical appreciation of the principal theories, principles and concepts that inform the relationship between medical ethics and medical law
To support students to demonstrate originality and creativity in the application of their knowledge, understanding of the law to address current issues facing healthcare professionals and medical lawyers in everyday aspects of medicine
To encourage development of original and creative responses to problems and issues thrown up by medical practice for law and ethics, especially where the current legal response is wanting or absent
To equip students to deal with complex ethical and professional issues and to make informed judgements on issues not addressed by current professional and/or ethical codes or practices.

Fundamentals in Bioethics (20 credits)

This course serves as a foundation for critical engagement with the core elements of doing bioethics. It will introduce you to three pillars of rigorous bioethical analysis:

defining and distinguishing concepts
understanding theories
recognising and constructing robust arguments.

It will equip students with the skills to develop and defend ethical arguments, and to apply these to legal, regulatory and policy issues in health, medicine and the biosciences.

Law and Ethics at the Start and End of Life (20 credits)

This course provides students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge about fundamentals in medical law and ethics to dilemmas arising across the human lifecycle, from start to end of life. It will draw upon and deepen your understanding of the core concepts, roles and responsibilities covered earlier in the programme.

You must select between 40 and 60 credits from the following courses:

Mental Health Law (20 credits)

In recent years there has been an increase in talking freely and openly about mental health issues and what it is to experience mental health conditions have become more acceptable in mainstream society. This course, is highly relevant in today's world and recognises the importance of expanding and developing knowledge and understanding of mental health issues and the application of mental health law. The main aim of the course is to examine the development of mental health law and how it is applied to related conditions that arise throughout the spectrum of life, beginning with diagnosis of conditions through early years, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and senior years. As well as examining specific legislation, the course (to a lesser extent) will focus on changing societal attitudes to mental health and the growing recognition that mental health is as important as physical health. The course will also consider the provisions in Scots law and that in England & Wales and Northern Ireland, for the care and detention of offenders who have a mental health diagnosis. It should be noted that the basis of this course lies in the law and legislation; it does not seek to focus on medical diagnosis or treatment for mental health conditions.

Global Health: Law and Policy (20 credits)

This course offers a grounding in the fundamental elements of global health law and policy. It explores the form and function of global health; the social influences that can impact upon global health; and how international law, policy, and related ethics shape the contours of global health. This course also supports students to assess international institutions that administer global health programmes and/or respond to global health needs through international innovation and collaboration.

Ethics of Health Technologies (20 credits)

The purposes of this course are to introduce students to ethical challenges presented by a range of new and emerging applications of health technologies and big health data, and to equip students with the tools to develop their own ethical responses to these challenges. We will pay particular attention to the ways in which these technologies could affect our identities and relationships, social justice, and human flourishing. The topics covered e.g. health AI, genomics, surveillance represent those of increasing importance to regulation and policy in the fields of health and medicine. Each week, alongside exploration of specific practical ethical questions, each seminar will develop students' deeper understanding of key bioethics concepts and frameworks. The course will introduce students to critical framings including those of feminist bioethics, critical race theory, and disability ethics. Seminars discussions will discussion based, with these discussions based on prescribed readings, materials presented by the teaching academic, and relevant ethical perspectives and examples gleaned by the students from wider reading, policy debates, the news, and the arts. Students will be expected to participate actively in discussions. The teaching and assessment method will require students to develop and defend their own ethical positions, and will be designed to develop students' wider skills in critical thinking and reasoned argumentation. The topics of the 10 weekly seminars will be: (1) Introduction to thinking ethically about technology (2) Intervening in the brain (3) Assisted reproduction from a feminist perspectives (4) Cyborg life (5) Enhancement technologies and ableism (6) AI and decision-making in healthcare (7) The quantified self and remote care (8) Pandemics, surveillance and racialized bodies (9) Identity through the lens of health data (10) (Re)imagining our human future.

You can choose between 0 and 20 credits from the following courses:

Forensic Computing and Electronic Evidence (20 credits)
Regulation of Autonomous Systems: the Law of Robotics (20 credits)
EU Data Protection Law (20 credits)
International and European Law of the Media (20 credits)
Space Law and Policy (20 credits)
Software and the law (20 credits)
Electronic Commerce Law (20 credits)

Full course descriptions are available on the University Degree Regulations and Programmes of Study website.

View LLM in Medical Law and Ethics by online learning degree structure

You can choose between 0 and 20 credits from the following courses with the approval of your Programme Director:

Information Technology Law (20 credits)
Information: Control and Power (20 credits)
International Commercial Arbitration (20 credits)
Dispute Resolution Methods (20 credits)
Corporate Compliance: Case Studies in Law & Ethics (20 credits)
Comparative & International Corporate Governance (20 credits)
International Law, Human Rights & Corporate Accountability (20 credits)
Banking and Financial Law: Case Studies (20 credits)
Introduction to Intellectual Property Law (20 credits)

Full course descriptions are available on the University Degree Regulations and Programmes of Study website.

Having successfully completed 120 credit points of courses within the LLM, you will be ready to move onto a single piece of independent and in-depth research. The 10,000 word dissertation allows you to focus on a preferred topic from within the options available in the programme.

Your dissertation title will be agreed with your supervisor during your final semester of taught study. Dissertation topics must fall within the scope of your programme and will relate to specific courses that you have taken at Edinburgh. Supervision continues throughout the research and writing of the dissertation.

Your dissertation must demonstrate a comprehensive grasp of the relevant literature and an ability to engage in critical analysis. More credit will be given for originality and evidence of independent thinking, whether in terms of the material used, or the manner in which it is presented.

The dissertation is written in the summer months (April to August) after the taught courses are successfully completed.

Courses are offered once in an academic year. Each semester you will choose the course(s) you wish to study in that particular semester. Courses are then allocated. Details of the courses available will be provided in advance. Courses are then allocated.

The allocation process is intended to support student choices as much as possible, while taking account of optimum class sizes for specific courses.

Class sizes

Class sizes have typically ranged from 15 to 25 students in the past. If more students request a course than can be allocated, students who need to take the course in order to fulfil core programme requirements will have priority and others may be asked to defer that course choice to a later year of study.

Terms and conditions

Please note the University reserves the right to make variations to the contents of programmes, including the range of courses offered, and the available choice of courses in any given year may change.

Find out more about the University's terms and conditions

Please note that due to unforeseen circumstances or lack of demand for particular courses, we may not be able to run all courses as advertised come the start of the academic year.

If you have any questions about the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics by online learning please don't hesitate to contact us.

Courses on the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics are taught by a core teaching team made up of individuals who each has an outstanding record of research in the field, as well as in other related areas. Core teaching staff for the 2024-25 academic year are listed below:

Dr Murray Earle - Programme Director 2024-25

Murray Earle is a Teaching Fellow in medical law. He is a graduate of the University of the Witwatersrand (BA Law & International Relations; BA (Hons) Comparative Literature), and the University of Edinburgh (LLM Medical Jurisprudence &the Sociology of Law; and PhD in Medical Law).

Murray started his career as a lecturer in medical law at the University of Glasgow, while completing his PhD. That was followed by work as a Senior Researcher at the Scottish Parliament Information Centre (SPICe, 2000-2011). From there he developed an independent career, writing, and teaching on, a wide range of online postgraduate medical law courses offered by the School of Law, at the University of Edinburgh.

Find out more

Emily is an Early Career Fellow in Bioethics. Her background is in philosophical bioethics and policy management. She was awarded her PhD for her thesis ‘Defining Ourselves: narrative identity and access to personal bioinformation’ in 2017.

Prior to her doctoral research she worked in policy roles at the Scottish Government in the fields of public health and environmental justice. She was also project leader and co-author of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics 2013 report ‘Novel Neurotechnologies: intervening in the brain’. She has published on ethical and legal issues relating to identity development, consent to research participation, secondary uses of health data, and neurotechnology.

Emily’s main research interests lie in exploring the relationships between biomedical information and self-conception, specifically the narrative constitution of self. Emily is Course Organiser for the on-campus and online LLM courses Fundamentals in Bioethics and Biotechnology, Bioethics and Society. She is a Deputy Director of the JK Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences and the Law, with particular responsibility for the Institute’s policy engagement portfolio.

Annie Sorbie is a Lecturer in Medical Law and Ethics at Edinburgh Law School, with a research and teaching portfolio. She is a medical lawyer (currently non-practising) with over 14 years’ experience in legal practice in the health, social care and regulatory sector (September 2001 – December 2015, Partner from 2009). She has extensive experience of providing strategic advice on matters of health regulatory practice and policy, both in health and social care regulation, and also more widely within the NHS and private sectors.

Having joined the Wellcome funded Liminal Spaces Project in January 2016, Annie’s doctoral research interrogates the contribution of the public interest to health research regulation in the context of access to identifiable patient information for research purposes without consent. Annie is also a Deputy Director of the Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences and the Law, and co-leads its policy portfolio. In June 2018 Annie was appointed to the Lay Advisory Group of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

Dr. Agomoni Ganguli-Mitra is Chancellor’s Fellow in the Legal and Ethical Aspects of Biomedicine, and Co-director of the JK Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences and the Law . She is also a member of the Wellcome Trust-funded Centre for Biomedicine, Self and Society. Dr. Ganguli-Mitra’s background is in bioethics, with a special interest in global bioethics, structural and gender justice. She has written on ethical issues related to global surrogacy, sex-selection, biomedical research in low-income countries, social value in research governance and the concepts of exploitation and vulnerability in bioethics.

Gerard is a lecturer in medical law and ethics in the School of Law. His research interests include medical law, patent law and the regulation of the life sciences. He speaks Japanese and also conducts comparative research in Japanese law within these subject areas.

He has held visiting fellowships at the Centre for Studies in Ethics and Rights (Mumbai, India), the Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore and with the Program on Science, Technology and Society at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.

The staff teaching on this programme are subject to change for 2024-25 and will depend on the core courses offered. Staff listed as on sabbatical will not be available to teach for the duration of their sabbatical.

If you have any questions about the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics please don't hesitate to contact us.

Find out what it's like to study for an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics by online learning from our current and former students.

Tess, Ireland

Tess studied for a LLM in Medical in Law and Ethics online at Edinburgh Law School, and graduated in 2022. In this video she talks about her experience of studying online and the benefits of studying for an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics.

Omar studied for a LLM in Medical in Law and Ethics online at Edinburgh Law School, and graduated in 2020. In this video he talks about his experience of studying online and the benefits of studying for an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics.

Stephane talks about his experience of studying online for an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics at Edinburgh Law School, the University of Edinburgh.

Eunice, a Consultant General Surgeon from Northern Ireland, studied the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics online at Edinburgh Law School, graduating in 2019. In this video Eunice talks about her experience and the benefits of study online for her LLM in Medical Law and Ethics.

Shigong, a Specialty Registrar, studied the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics part time and online at Edinburgh Law School. In this video he talks about his experience of studying online and the benefits of studying for an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics.

Carolyn Read studied the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics part time over three years by Online Learning and graduated from the University of Edinburgh in November 2018. In this video Carolyn talks about her experience of studying for an LLM degree by online learning.

Brian Harrigan studied the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics online over 32 months with Edinburgh Law School, the University of Edinburgh. Brian graduated in November 2018, here he talks about his experience of studying for his LLM online and visiting Edinburgh for the Graduation Ceremony.

Based in Canada, Karla Bray studied the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in one year, online, at Edinburgh Law School, the University of Edinburgh. Karla graduated in 2018 and in this video she talks about the experience of studying for an LLM by online learning.

Gilberto, a neurosurgeon from Hong Kong, graduated from an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in November 2017. Here, he discusses his experience with studying online, and how the LLM has assisted him in his academic career.

Yi Xiong Goh talks about his experience of studying for the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics by online distance learning at Edinburgh Law School, the University of Edinburgh.

Dr Edward Mugerwa-Sekawabe talks about his experience of studying for an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics by online distance learning at Edinburgh Law School, the University of Edinburgh.

Averell Bethelmy talks about his experience of studying for an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics by online distance learning at Edinburgh Law School.

Lisa Boden, LLM in Medical Law and Ethics Graduate, talks about her experiences of studying for an LLM degree by online distance learning at Edinburgh Law School, the University of Edinburgh.

Wayne studied the online LLM in Medical Law and Ethics, graduating in 2022.

"Completing a LLM in Medical Law and Ethics with the University of Edinburgh Law School has been a challenging, yet rewarding experience, particularly as a novice in jurisprudence and electronic teaching platforms.

Online Medical Law and Ethics Student Wayne

The ongoing virtual interaction with staff and fellow students has generated a feeling of belonging which has translated practically into a mutually supportive atmosphere and mood. From an administrative viewpoint, queries are promptly facilitated with student feedback requested periodically throughout the course in an attempt to evaluate the student experience.

My personal feedback highlighted a need for an increase in alternative audiovisual resources to complement essential reading materials. I was pleased to see such an increase in these resources on the Course Content section of the Learn space as the course progressed. This most definitely suited my auditory learning style."

If you are interested in watching more testimonials from our graduates, you can visit our Youtube channel.

Visit Edinburgh Law School Youtube channel

The LLM in Medical Law and Ethics by online learning has start dates in September and January of each academic year.

We recommend that you apply as early as possible; this is particularly important for applicants who may need to allow sufficient time to take an English language test.

Students beginning their LLM studies in January (semester 2 of the academic year) should bear in mind that two of the compulsory LLM courses that lay out key, foundational concepts for the study of medical law and ethics - The Fundamentals of Law and Medical Ethics and Fundamentals in Bioethics – are only taught during the September semester (semester 1).

Whilst most students that start in January are fully able to tackle their first semester law and ethics courses, please be aware that doing so may require some additional foundational work on the part of the student.

The teaching team and Postgraduate Online Support Team can direct students starting in January towards some helpful resources that they can work through independently prior to starting. In addition, some useful training events will run during semester 2 (e.g. a workshop on how to use the Law Library).

Alternatively, postponing the start date for your LLM studies until September can be an option for students who would prefer to study The Fundamentals of Law and Medical Ethics and Fundamentals in Bioethics in their first semester. The Programme Director – Gerard Porter – and/or the Postgraduate Online Support Team are happy to answer and questions on this.

We require a minimum UK 2:1 honours degree from a UK university, or its international equivalent, in law. We also consider candidates with a degree in a related discipline, such as medicine, which includes relevant prior study. We will also consider your other qualifications and professional experience as part of your application.

Entry to this programme is competitive. Meeting minimum requirements for consideration does not guarantee an offer of study.

International qualifications

You can check whether your degree qualification is equivalent to the minimum standard before applying.

Check your degree

Students from China

This degree is Band A.

Find out more about our postgraduate entry requirements for students from China

Postgraduate study in the field of law requires a thorough, complex and demanding knowledge of English, so we ask that the communication skills of all students are at the same minimum standard.

You must demonstrate a level of English language competency at a level that will enable you to succeed in your studies, regardless of your nationality or country of residence.

English language tests

We accept the following English language qualifications at the grades specified:

Two year expiry

IELTS Academic / IELTS Academic for UKVI and IELTS Academic Online : total 7.0 (at least 7.0 in the writing component and 6.5 in each other module)
TOEFL-iBT (including Special Home Edition): total 100 (at least 25 in writing and 23 in each other module)
Trinity ISE: ISE III with a pass in all four components
PTE Academic: 70 overall with at least 70 in the writing component and 62 in each other component *Please note that we have suspended acceptance of PTE Academic Online with immediate effect*
Oxford ELLT (Global and Digital): 9 overall with at least 9 in the writing component and 8 in each other component

Three and a half year expiry

C1 Advanced, formerly known as Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE)
C2 Proficiency, formerly known as Cambridge English: Proficiency (CPE)

Your English language qualification must be no more than two years old from the start of the month in which the programme you are applying to study begins, unless you are using CAE/CPE, in which case it must be no more than three and a half years old on the first of the month in which the degree begins.

Degrees taught and assessed in English

We also accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree, that was taught and assessed in English in a majority English speaking country as defined by UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI). The UK Government's website provides a list of majority English speaking countries.

View the UKVI list of majority English speaking countries

We also accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree, or equivalent, that has been taught and assessed in English from a university on our list of approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries.

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than five years old at the beginning of your programme of study.

Find out more about the University's English language requirements

Your application may not be successful if you do not currently satisfy any of these requirements; alternatively, you may be offered a place conditional on your reaching the satisfactory standard by the time you start the degree.

English language support

The University runs a series of programmes for English Language Education, including a pre-sessional English Language Programme intended to strengthen your English Language skills before you start your programme of study.

Find out more about English language support offered by the University

We aim to review applications and make selection decisions throughout the cycle and we monitor application numbers carefully to ensure we are able to accommodate all those who receive offers. It may therefore be necessary to close a programme earlier than the published deadline and if this is the case we will place a four-week warning notice on the relevant programme page.

2024-25 application deadlines

September 2024 entry

Applications for September 2024 have now closed. Applications for September 2025 will open in October 2024.

Please note that if you receive a conditional offer of a place on one of our programmes for September 2024, the deadline for meeting the conditions of your offer is 31 July 2024.

January 2025 entry

The deadline for applications for entry in January 2025 is 03 November 2024.

Please note that if you receive a conditional offer of a place on one of our programmes for January 2025, the deadline for meeting the conditions of your offer is 27 November 2024.

Applications are made online via the University Application Service, EUCLID.

Please follow the instructions carefully and make sure that you have included the following documentation with your application:

Degree certificates showing award of degree.
Previous academic transcripts for all past degree programmes (please upload the full transcript showing results from all years of study). Where academic paperwork is not in English, certified translations must be provided (these must have been produced by a certified translator); Find out more about certified translations
Details of professional qualifications and any appropriate professional registrations.
A reference in support or your application. The reference should be academic and dated no earlier than one year from the start of study on the LLM programme. We may accept a non-academic reference from applicants who have been out of higher education for five years or more.
Evidence of English language proficiency, if required.
Personal statement - you will be asked to complete a personal statement (maximum 3500 characters - approximately 500 words) as part of your application.
Relevant knowledge / skills - this may include details of any skills or voluntary work that you have undertaken that you feel are pertinent to the programme (maximum 3500 characters - approximately 500 words).

Your personal statement should show that you have thought carefully about why you are interested in this programme of study; what you can bring to the programme and what impact you feel it will have on your future career. Therefore, please ensure that you address the following questions in your statement:

What are your motivations for wanting to study this programme?
What skills, qualities and experiences have prepared you to undertake this programme?
What value do you think you can add to the learning community as part of an internationally diverse group?
What impact do you hope to make in your future career, and how will this programme contribute to your aspirations?

If you are currently studying for your degree or you are not in a possession of an English test result you may still apply to the programme. Please note that it is your responsibility to submit the necessary documents.

Students at this University must not undertake any other concurrent credit bearing studies in this (or in any other) institution, unless the College has granted permission. The College must be satisfied that any additional credit-bearing studies will not restrict the student’s ability to complete their existing programme of study. Students will not be permitted to undertake concurrent degree programmes in any circumstances.

If you are studying at this or another institution just prior to the start of your postgraduate studies you must have finished these studies before the start of the programme to which you have an offer.

After your application has been submitted you will be able to track its progress through the University's applicant hub.

Application processing times will vary however the admissions team will endeavour to process your application within four to six weeks of submission. Please note that missing documentation will delay the application process.

You will be informed as soon as possible of the decision taken. Three outcomes are possible:

You may be offered a place unconditionally
You may be offered a conditional place, which means that you must fulfil certain conditions that will be specified in the offer letter. Where a conditional offer is made, it is your responsibility to inform the College Postgraduate Office when you have fulfilled the requirements set out.
Your application may be unsuccessful. If your application has not been successful, you can request feedback from us or refer to our guidance for unsuccessful applicants, which explains some of the common reasons we why we reach this decision. View the University's guidance for unsuccessful applicants

You can find full and detailed application guidance on the University's website.

Find out more about applying to the University of Edinburgh

Applicants receiving an unconditional offer of admission will be asked to pay a deposit of £1000 to secure their place on the programme

The deposit fee will be deducted from the first tuition fee instalment you have to pay and so enables you to spread the financial cost of the LLM.

September 2024 applicants

The deposit must be paid within 28 days of the date that the unconditional offer was made or by 09 August 2024, whichever is sooner.

January 2025 applicants

The deposit must be paid within 28 days of the date that the unconditional offer was made or by 04 December 2024, whichever is sooner.

Find out more about our deposit policy

The University’s terms and conditions form part of your contract with the University, and you should read them, and our data protection policy, carefully before applying.

University of Edinburgh admissions terms and conditions

If you have any questions about applying to the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics please don't hesitate to contact us.

Key information

Online programmes.

LLM in Medical Law and Ethics (on campus)

Law and Medical Ethics online CPD course

Medical Law and Ethics research

Top Colleges
Top Courses
Entrance Exams
Admission 2024
Study Abroad
Study in Canada
Study in UK
Study in USA
Study in Australia
Study in Germany
IELTS Material
Scholarships
Sarkari Exam
Visual Stories
College Compare
Write a review
Login/ Register
Login / Register

50+ Law Dissertation Topics for Students 2024

Manali Ganguly ,

Mar 4, 2024

Share it on:

The law dissertation topics that are most important for the law-students in 2024 are environmental law, family law, tort, labour law, medical law, intellectual property, criminal law, and tax law among others.

50+ Law Dissertation Topics for Students 2024

The law dissertation topics for law students include criminal law, labour law, intellectual property, family law, constitutional law, IT law, and a lot more. These topics can be taken up for writing a dissertation paper on law.

A dissertation implies making thorough research work on a topic and presenting the arguments in support of that. The students who are planning to get their BA LLB or masters or PhD must understand the importance of a dissertation. They can do just the law dissertation topics only when they have an understanding of it. This article will share a list of law dissertation topics that will help the students with their papers.

Table of Contents

POST YOUR COMMENT

Useful Links

How much will your dissertation cost?

Have an expert academic write your dissertation paper!

Dissertation Services

Get unlimited topic ideas and a dissertation plan for just £45.00

Order topics and plan

Get 1 free topic in your area of study with aim and justification

Yes I want the free topic

Law Dissertation Topics

Published by Owen Ingram at January 9th, 2023 , Revised On May 29, 2024

Law dissertations can be demanding because of the need to find relevant regulations, cases, and data to address the research problem successfully. It is of utmost importance to critically examine facts before framing the research questions .

Selection of the most appropriate legal terms and legal authorities, whether online or in print, can be challenging, especially if you have not tackled a law dissertation project before.

To help you select an intriguing law dissertation topic, our expert writers have suggested some issues in various areas of law, including trust law, EU law, family law, employment and equality law, public law, tort law, intellectual property rights, commercial law, evidence, and criminal law, and human rights and immigration law.

These topics have been developed by PhD-qualified writers of our team , so you can trust to use these topics for drafting your dissertation.

Review the step-by-step guide on how to write your own dissertation here.

You may also want to start your dissertation by requesting a brief research proposal from our writers on any of these topics, which includes an introduction to the topic, research question , aim and objectives , literature review along the proposed methodology of research to be conducted. Let us know if you need any help in getting started.

Check our dissertation examples to get an idea of how to structure your dissertation .

Review the full list of dissertation topics for 2024 here.

Law Dissertation Topics & Ideas

Topic 1: the role of international criminal laws in reducing global genocide.

Research Aim: This study aims to find the role of international criminal laws in reducing global genocide. It will be an exploratory study identifying the explicit and implicit effects of international criminal laws on the worldwide genocide. It will analyse different incidents of international genocide and find out how international criminal laws played a positive role in reducing these incidents. Lastly, it will recommend possible changes in international criminal laws to effectively mitigate global genocide. And it will be done by comparing criminal laws of world-leading powers to reduce genocide.

Topic 2: Impact of Anti-Racism Employment Laws on Organisational Culture- A Comparative Study on the Anti-Racism Employment Laws in the US and Canada

Research Aim: This research aims to find the impact of anti-racism employment laws on the organisational culture in the US and Canada in a comparative analysis. It will identify the change in employees’ behaviour after implementing anti-racism laws. Moreover, it will find whether employees gleefully welcomed these laws or showed resistance. And how do these laws affect the organisations’ performance that strictly implemented them?

Topic 3: Globalisation, international business transactions, and commercial law- A perspective from literature.

Research Aim: Students and practitioners can find the law of international business transactions as a subfield within a broader field of international commercial law to be somewhat amorphous.

This study will explain the impact of globalisation on international business transactions and commercial law by establishing some necessary links between the study of transnational business law and related fields of international studies. This study also aims to address theories about foreign business regulation, such as the idea that it is free of power politics. For the collection of data existing literature will be studied. The methodology of this research will rely on existing previous literature.

Topic 4: Investigating the impact of competition law on the businesses in the UK- Post Brexit

Research Aim: This study aims to investigate the impact of competition laws on businesses in the post-Brexit UK. The proposed study will not only analyse the performance of the businesses with the current competition laws. But also analyse the impact of possible changes in competition laws on the businesses in the post-Brexit UK. It will also incorporate the possible difference of changes in competition laws in deal, no-deal, hard deal, and soft deal scenarios. This way of individually analysing the difference in competition laws due to the status of the UK’s deal with the EU will give better insights into how businesses will be affected by these laws in the post-Brexit UK.

Topic 5: A comparison between Islamic and contemporary laws against rape. Which law is the most effective in preventing this horrific crime?

Research Aim: For several years, marital and non-marital relations in Muslim-majority countries have been a source of controversy. Under Islamic law, it is strictly forbidden for a Muslim, or even non-Muslim, to engage in illicit sexual relations with the opposite gender under any situation. The current study will help us understand the concepts presented in Islamic laws about rape cases. In this context, a comparative analysis of Islamic and contemporary law will be explained. It will also identify efficient and effective strategies to prevent this horrific crime.

Law Dissertation Topics for the COVID Crisis

Topic 1: the legal implications of the covid-19 pandemic on canadian immigration and the way forward..

Research Aim: This study will focus on how the Canadian government benefits from resources accrued from immigration, the impact of COVID-19 on Canadian Immigration, the current legislation on immigration, the effects of COVID-19 on the immigration law, the possible amendments that could help cushion the impact and the way forward.

Topic 2: Effect of COVID-19 on the United States Immigration policies; an assessment of International Legal agreements governing pandemic disease control and the way forward.

Research Aim: This research will focus on the pandemic’s effect on immigration policies in the United States. It also suggests the required steps based on the laws that regulate government acts during an outbreak of a pandemic.

Topic 3: Creating legal policies in preparedness for the global pandemic; lessons from COVID-19 on Canadian immigration policies.

Research Aim: This research will focus on how the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world and how most countries seemed unprepared. Historical background of the flu pandemic can also be made to assess how the world overcame the pandemic. And the need for the Canadian government or any other country you wish to choose can prepare for a global pandemic by creating legal policies that could help prepare ahead for such a period, such as policies on scientific research and funding.

Topic 4: The need for uniformity of competition law and policy in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries; An approach to the European Union standard.

Research Aim: This research will focus on the Gulf Cooperation Countries and their current legislation on competition law and its implications. Countries under the European Union’s competition law, the legal implications, and the need to consider such a part.

Topic 5: The need for competition law and policy enforcement; An analysis of the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries.

Research Aim: This research focuses on the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries’ competition laws and their enforceability. It analyses the benefits of enforcing the competition law and looks at the European Union’s uniformed laws and their benefits. It looks into the various countries, how the competition law currently works, and how it can affect each country’s economy in a better way or adequately enforced.

Topic 6: Provisions of the law on rape, the need to expand its coverage on the misuse of its provisions, and false accusations.

Research Aim: This research will focus on the law’s present provisions on rape and rape victims and the recent false accusations.

Topic 7: Summary dismissal of workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, the legal implications under the labour law, and the way forward. The Case Study of Nigeria

Research Aim: This research will focus on the statistics of people who were summarily dismissed during the COVID-19 pandemic based on natural occurrences, provisions of the law against summary dismissal, and its enforcement, and how this can be cushioned against future events. The labour law needs to be expanded to cover similar situations to protect workers.

Topic 8: A legal assessment of the settlement of international disputes through the peaceful process and its effectiveness

Research Aim: This research focuses on the mode of dispute settlement in the international community, assessment of international laws and treaties on peaceful settlement of conflicts among countries of member states, the methods of dispute settlements, its strengths and weaknesses, and the need to improve the current mechanisms of peaceful settlement in the international community.

Topic 9: The protection of minority shareholders and the majority shareholders' power in Companies, a critical analysis of the Nigerian Companies and Allied Matters Act provisions.

Research Aim: This research will focus on the law’s provisions for protecting minority shareholders in companies and the majority shareholders’ power. How effective are these provisions in protecting the minorities against the management of the majority shareholders, and what is the way forward

Topic 2: The right to bear arms: Rethinking the second amendment

Research Aim: Gun control and the right to bear arms has been an ever-evolving web discourse in the United States. The research aims to analyse how gun control laws have changed in the USA since specifically focusing on the 2nd Amendment and its original framework.

Topic 3: Rethinking the international legal framework protecting journalists in war and conflict zones.

Research Question: Is the current legal framework still appropriate for protecting journalists in today’s conflict zones? Research Aim: The primary body of law that is set out to protect journalists includes the Geneva Conventions and their additional Protocols. However, since the time they were drafted and decades after, there have been conspicuous changes to the way warfare is conducted. It is imperative to examine this body of law in order to improve it, as journalists have now become prime targets in war zones and conflict areas because of their profession.

Topic 4: A critical analysis of the employment law of disabled individuals in the UK and what new policies can be integrated to increase its efficiency.

Research Aim: Employment or labour law has always been under the limelight. Many critiques and researchers have proposed different amendments to the existing law pertaining to labour and employees. The main aim of the research is to critically analyse the employment law of disabled individuals in the UK along with effective recommendations that need to be made in order to make the existing law more efficient and effective.

Topic 5: A critical evaluation of racial discrimination laws in developed countries and how they impact the workplace environment

Research Aim: Racial discrimination has always been a controversial issue in almost every part of the World. However, many developed countries (companies) face severe racial discrimination issues that directly impact their name and brand value. Therefore, this research provides a critical evaluation of racial discrimination laws, particularly in developed countries. Moreover, the research will focus on how racial discrimination laws are impacting the workplace environment.

Topic 6: A comparative analysis of legislation, policy, and guidelines of domestic abuse between the UK and the USA.

Research Aim: Domestic laws basically deal with and provide criminal rules for punishing individuals who have physically or emotionally harmed their own family members. It has been found that many domestic cases of abuse are not reported to the concerned authority. Due to this reason, the main focus of the research is to conduct a comparative analysis of legislation, policy, and guidelines of domestic abuse between the UK and the USA and how effective both countries have been in minimising domestic abuse.

Topic 7: Analysing the negative impact of technology in protecting the intellectual property rights of corporations.

Research Aim: Intellectual property has gained significant importance after the emergence of counterfeit products coming from different parts of the world. It has been found that many factors have motivated the sale of counterfeit products. Therefore, this research aims to analyse the negative impact of technology in protecting the intellectual property rights of products and corporations.

Topic 8: A critical assessment of the terrorism act of 2010 and its impact on Muslims living around the globe.

Research Aim: Since the incident of 9/11, the entire world has been under the pressure of terrorism activities, especially Muslims living around the world. Therefore, this research intends to critically assess the terrorism act of 2010 and its impact on Muslims living around the globe.

Trust Law Dissertation Topics

The trust law requires the settler to meet the three certainties, including the object, intention, and subject matter. As posted to a moral obligation or mere gift, confidence of choice can be best described as clarity of purpose. Some interesting dissertation topics in the field of trust law are listed below:

To investigate the attitude of the courts to trusts supporting political agendas.
To identify and discuss principles on which half-secret and full-secret trusts are enforced. Does a literature review highlight circumstances where it is essential to consider whether such beliefs are constructive and expressive?
The role and impact of trust law as asset portioning and fiduciary governance
From law to faith: Letting go of secret trusts
Critical analysis of the statement “Traditionally, equity and the law of trusts have been concerned with providing justice to balance out the rigour of the common law” regarding modern equity development/operation.
Should the assumption of resulting trusts and progression be abolished in this modern age? A critical review of the literature
A critical examination of the courts’ concern of financial reward in the context of “trustee powers of investment.”
Does the doctrine of cypress do justice to the intentions of the testator?
The impact of the decision of Harrison v Gibson on the law of the clarity of intention.
The approval of trustees in the Zimbabwean law of trusts

Want more? Read this.

How Can ResearchProspect Help?

ResearchProspect writers can send several custom topic ideas to your email address. Once you have chosen a topic that suits your needs and interests, you can order for our dissertation outline service which will include a brief introduction to the topic, research questions , literature review , methodology , expected results , and conclusion . The dissertation outline will enable you to review the quality of our work before placing the order for our full dissertation writing service!

European Law Dissertation Topics

European law has recently attracted wide attention from the academic world, thanks to the growing influence of European Law on administrative law in EU members. It should be noted that every aspect of life in European states is significantly affected by European law, and therefore, this area of research has gained tremendous popularity. Some exciting and specific research areas are given below:

A critical review of the European anti-discrimination Law
To investigate the economics and history of European Law.
An investigation of the European human rights law
Investigating the impact of “Freedom of Speech” on the German economy
Investigating the impact of immigration laws on the German economy
How the French parliamentary sovereignty has been affected by the European Union
Uniform interpretation of European patent law with a unique view on the creation of a standard patent court
The impact of European consensus in the jurisprudence of the European court of Human Rights.
The impact of the European convention on human rights on international human rights law
A critical analysis of the tensions between European trade and social policy
To investigate the European Union’s enforcement actions and policies against member countries.
European Laws amidst the Brexit process

Read this Article.

Family Law Dissertation Topics

A wide range of topics are covered under the field of family law and the law of children. Essentially, this area of law takes into consideration the registration of marriages, statutory rights concerning marriage, the effects of a decree, void and voidable marriages, the impact of the Human Rights Act, the legal stature of unmarried and married individuals, and the case for reform of UK family law . Other research areas include enforcing financial responsibilities in the Magistrates court, enforcing the arrears of maintenance payments, the award of maintenance, enforcing financial obligations to children or a child, financial orders for children, and the Child Support Act. An extremely intriguing area of law that has gained tremendous popularity in the modern era, some specific dissertation topics in this area of law studies are listed below:

Investigating therapeutic and theoretical approaches to deal with spouse abuse in light of the UK government’s latest research on domestic violence
Unmarried fathers’ access to parental responsibility – Does the current law enforce rights and responsibilities towards children?
To study the criminal justice process involving a child witness.
The children’s right to participation – Rhetoric or Reality? – A critical review of literature from the past two decades
To study the position of unmarried fathers in the UK.
Does the UK Family law need a major reform?
A critical review of the rights of married women in real estate
Child welfare and the role of local authorities
To study the legal and social foundations of parenting, civil partnership, and marriage.
To examine whether the Child Support Act has positively influenced child maintenance.

“Complete this short online form and provide as much information as possible to receive instant quotes from our writers specialising in your area of research.”

Employment Law Dissertation Topics

Employment and equality law governs the relationship between the government, trade unions, employers, and employees. Employment and equality law in the UK is a body of law that prevents bias and negative attitudes towards someone based on their ethnicity or race rather than work skills and experience. Some interesting dissertation topics in this area of law are below:

A critical investigation of the right to fair labour practices in the United Kingdom
To determine the job’s inherent requirements as a defence to unfair discrimination or a claim – A comparison between the United Kingdom and Canada.
The role of the South African Labour Relations Act in providing unhappy staff sufficient protection against unfair dismissals and discrimination at the workplace
To investigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on employees’ lives with a focus on unfair dismissal and discrimination.
To assess ethnic discrimination in the European Union: Derogations from the ban on discrimination – Sexual harassment – Equal pay for equal value work.
To study the international employment contract – Regulation, perception, and reality.
To identify and discuss challenges associated with equality at work.
A study of the legal aspects of the relationship between employer and employee
How influential is the role of trade unions in English employment law?
A critical review of discrimination policies in the UK

Order a Proposal

Worried about your dissertation proposal? Not sure where to start?

Choose any deadline
Plagiarism free
Unlimited free amendments
Free anti-plagiarism report
Completed to match exact requirements

Commercial Law Dissertation Topics

Commercial law, also known as business law, is the whole body of substantive jurisprudence applicable to the conduct, relations, and rights of sales, trade, merchandising, and businesses and persons associated with commerce. Important issues of law covered by commercial law include real estate, secured transactions, credit transactions, bankruptcy, banking, and contracts. An intriguing area of law within the UK, specific topics for your law dissertation are listed below:

The impact of legislation for the regulation of investment services with EU economic area on the EU financial services market
Handling regulatory involvement incorporates organisational structure and strategy.
A study of convergence and complementarities concerning international corporate governance
How drafting and diffusion of uniform norms can help to harmonise the law of international commercial arbitration?
Convergence and adaption in corporate governance to transnational standards in India
A critical review of the international commercial arbitration system
Analysing the international commercial law on risk transfer
The role of the tripartite financial system in the UK on economic development
A comparative analysis of European contract law, international commercial contracts law, and English commercial contracts law
Is the European contracts law meeting the needs of the commercial community?
A critical review of anti-corruption legislation in the UK
The problems of director accountability in the UK and the impact of soft and hard law on corporate governance

Criminal and Evidence Law Dissertation Topics

Criminal law can be defined as a system of law dealing with the punishment of criminals. Criminal evidence, on the other hand, concerns evidence/testimony presented in relation to criminal charges. Evidence can be presented in various forms in order to prove and establish crimes. A wide array of topics can be covered in this subject area. To help you narrow down your research focus, some interesting topics are suggested below:

The politics of criminal law reform with a focus on lower-court decision-making
To understand and establish the historical relationship between human rights and Islamic criminal law
Investigating the rights of victims in internal criminal courts
The efficacy of the law of rape in order to prevent misuse by bogus victims and to protect rightful victims
To assess the criminal law’s approach to Omissions
To investigate the issues associated with the identification of the distribution, extent, and nature of the crime
A critical review of the Bad Samaritan laws and the law of omission liability
How international criminal law has been significantly influenced by the “war on terrors”?
The efficacy of modern approaches to the definition of intention in International criminal law
The efficacy of the law of corporate manslaughter

Company Law Dissertation Topics

Company law, also known as the law of business associations , is the body of law that deals with business organisations and their formation, registration, incorporation, governance, dissolution, and administration. Some suggestions for company law dissertation topics are listed below:

Developing equity markets in growing economies and the importance of corporate law
A critical review of English company law and its effects on member workers and creditors
To investigate the essential aspects of corporate law.
To study business responsibilities for human rights.
Identifying disparities in corporate governance – Theories and Realities
The external relations of company groups in Zambian Corporate law
To study corporate governance practices concerning minority stakeholders.
Establishing and evaluating arguments for and against “stakeholder theory.”
The importance of non-executive directors in the British corporate legal system
Investigating the regulation of the UK public company

Hire an Expert Writer

Orders completed by our expert writers are

Formally drafted in academic style
Free Amendments and 100% Plagiarism Free – or your money back!
100% Confidential and Timely Delivery!
Appreciated by thousands of clients. Check client reviews

Intellectual Property and Tort Law Dissertation topics

All forms of legal injury are dealt with under the subject area of tort law. Essentially, tort law helps to establish the circumstances whereby a person may be held responsible for another person’s injury caused by either accident or intentional acts. On the other hand, intellectual property covers areas of law such as copyright, patents, and trademarks. Trademark dissertation topics trademark directive, trademarks act, infringement of trademarks such as revocation, invalidity, and the use of similar marks. Some interesting dissertation ideas and topics of tort law and intellectual property are suggested below to help your law studies.

The efficacy of intellectual property rights in the UK under the influence of European Law
The efficacy of UK copyright law concerning the needs of rights users and holders
The impact of intellectual property rights on economic development.
To investigate the right of confidence in the UK
Does the trademark law ensure sufficient protection in England?
The impact of European Law on intellectual property rights in the UK
The end of the road for loss of a chance?
To assess the success ratio of psychiatric injury claims in the UK
Should a no-fault system be implemented into UK law, or should the law of negligence apply to personal injury claims?
A critical review of economic loss in 21st-century tort law

Human Rights and Immigration Law

The primary objective of human rights and immigration law is to ensure and protect human rights at domestic, regional, and international levels. With the world becoming a global village, human rights and immigration laws have attracted significant attention from academicians and policymakers. Some interesting law dissertation topics in this subject area are suggested below:

To assess the efficacy of the common European Asylum system in terms of immigration detention.
A historical analysis of Britain’s immigration and asylum policies
A critical analysis of immigration policy in Britain since 1990
A critical analysis of the right of the police and the public right to protest under PACE 1984
The right of prisoners to vote under the European law of human rights
Arguments for and against the death penalty in English Law with a focus on human rights treatise
A critical analysis of the right to private life and family for failed asylum seekers
The impact of UK immigration policies on the current education industry
How beneficial the points system has really been in regards to creating a cap in the British immigration system
To study the impact of privatisation on immigration detention and related functions in the UK.

More Human Rights Law Dissertation Topics

Pandemic Law Dissertation Topics

Coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, has become the most trending topic in the world since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic that started in China. Here are some interesting Coronavirus or COVID-19 pandemic Law topics that you can consider for your law dissertation.

Co-parenting in the coronavirus pandemic: A family law scholar’s advice
How San Diego law enforcement operated amid Coronavirus pandemic
Pandemic preparedness in the workplace and the British with disabilities act
Why, In a pandemic, rumours of martial Law fly despite reassurances
Investigating About the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and COVID-19
Resources to support workers in the UK during the Coronavirus pandemic
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic:
A legal perspective
Navigating the Coronavirus Pandemic
Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) and employment laws in the UK going forward
Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) and employment laws in the US going forward
Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) and employment laws in Australia going forward

Hire an Expert Plagiriasm Checker

Uk’s best academic support services. how would you know until you try, important notes:.

As a law dissertation student looking to get good grades, it is essential to develop new ideas and experiment with existing law dissertation theories – i.e., to add value and interest to the topic of your research.

The field of law dissertation is vast and interrelated to many other academic disciplines like civil engineering , construction , project management , engineering management , healthcare , mental health , artificial intelligence , tourism , physiotherapy , sociology , management , project management , and nursing . That is why it is imperative to create a project management dissertation topic that is articular, sound, and actually solves a practical problem that may be rampant in the field.

We can’t stress how important it is to develop a logical research topic based on your fundamental research. There are several significant downfalls to getting your case wrong: your supervisor may not be interested in working on it, the topic has no academic creditability, the research may not make logical sense, and there is a possibility that the study is not viable.

This impacts your time and efforts in writing your dissertation as you may end up in a cycle of rejection at the initial stage of the dissertation. That is why we recommend reviewing existing research to develop a topic, taking advice from your supervisor, and even asking for help in this particular stage of your dissertation.

While developing a research topic, keeping our advice in mind will allow you to pick one of the best law dissertation topics that fulfils your requirement of writing a research paper and add to the body of knowledge.

Therefore, it is recommended that when finalising your dissertation topic, you read recently published literature to identify gaps in the research that you may help fill.

Remember- dissertation topics need to be unique, solve an identified problem, be logical, and be practically implemented. Please look at some of our sample law dissertation topics to get an idea for your dissertation.

How to Structure Your Law Dissertation

A well-structured dissertation can help students to achieve a high overall academic grade.

A Title Page
Acknowledgements
Declaration
Abstract: A summary of the research completed
Table of Contents
Introduction : This chapter includes the project rationale, research background, key research aims and objectives, and the research problems. An outline of the structure of a dissertation can also be added to this chapter.
Literature Review : This chapter presents relevant theories and frameworks by analysing published and unpublished literature available on the chosen research topic to address research questions . The purpose is to highlight and discuss the selected research area’s relative weaknesses and strengths while identifying any research gaps. Break down the topic, and binding terms can positively impact your dissertation and your tutor.
Methodology : The data collection and analysis methods and techniques employed by the researcher are presented in the Methodology chapter, which usually includes research design , research philosophy, research limitations, code of conduct, ethical consideration, data collection methods and data analysis strategy .
Findings and Analysis : Findings of the research are analysed in detail under the Findings and Analysis chapter. All key findings/results are outlined in this chapter without interpreting the data or drawing any conclusions. It can be useful to include graphs, charts and tables in this chapter to identify meaningful trends and relationships.
Discussion and Conclusion : The researcher presents his interpretation of the results in this chapter, and states whether the research hypothesis has been verified or not. An essential aspect of this section is establishing the link between the products and evidence from the literature. Recommendations with regard to the implications of the findings and directions for the future may also be provided. Finally, a summary of the overall research, along with final judgments, opinions, and comments, must be included in the form of suggestions for improvement.
References : Make sure to complete this according to your University’s requirements
Bibliography
Appendices : Any additional information, diagrams, and graphs used to complete the dissertation but not part of the dissertation should be included in the Appendices chapter. Essentially, the purpose is to expand the information/data.

About ResearchProspect Ltd

ResearchProspect is the world’s most trusted academic writing service that provides help with Dissertation Proposal Writing , PhD Proposal Writing , Dissertation Writing , Dissertation Editing, and Improvement .

Our team of writers is highly qualified. They are experts in their respective fields. They have been working for us for a long time. Thus, they are well aware of the issues and the trends of the subject they specialise in.

Free Dissertation Topic

Phone Number

Academic Level Select Academic Level Undergraduate Graduate PHD

Academic Subject

Area of Research

Frequently Asked Questions

How to find law dissertation topics.

To find law dissertation topics:

Research recent legal developments.
Explore unresolved issues or debates.
Analyse gaps in existing literature.
Consider societal or technological influences.
Consult professors and peers.
Select a topic aligning with your passion and career aspirations.

Master of Laws

Llm medical law and ethics.

A Master of Laws (LLM) in Medical Law and Ethics, offered by The University of Law, is a postgraduate degree designed for law and non-law graduates to enhance your academic legal knowledge. This internationally recognised Master’s is ideal if you have a qualification in medicine or ambitions of working in medical liability. It will give you the skills to progress within the medical industry and can open up pathways to careers in medico-legal areas such as expert witnesses or clinical governance; legal specialist in clinical negligence, personal injury, mental health law and Court of Protection; bioethics governance; enhanced health and care professional careers; healthcare management; policy advisor; regulation and more.

Digital icons relating to law and medicine

Entry requirements

Minimum second-class honours degree

Course requirements ➔

Next start date

September 2024, study online.

If you’re looking for a more flexible approach to your studies, why not consider our online study option?

The law in context

Gain essential in-depth knowledge and insight in your chosen area of law and understand the importance of legal rules as they are applied in the real world.

Our Employment Stats

95% of postgraduate students in employment were in highly skilled employment 15 months after graduating (2020/21 Graduate Outcomes data). Contains HESA Data: Copyright Jisc 2022.

Taught by subject experts

Taught by a combination of former and current practitioners, as well as research and teaching academics who are focused on legal practice, not just theory.

Course Details

This course starts with an introduction to medical law and ethics, and medical law research. You’ll then consider the patient’s right to consent or to refuse medical treatment (protected by human rights law and common law). This will be examined in relation to competent and incompetent patients. You will continue by examining the beginnings of life including assisted conception, controlling fertility and abortion, followed by end of life including the right to die, euthanasia and assisted suicide. The course will also cover examination of mental health, medical negligence (including the impact on the NHS), organ donation, including the body as property and confidentiality.

Whether you want to progress within a firm specialising in medical law or simply want to know more about how medical law works in practice, this programme will provide you with the knowledge to help you achieve your ambitions.

When you study the LLM Medical Law and Ethics degree with us you will:

Be taught by our expert lecturers , including subject matter specialists, former and current practitioners, and research and teaching focused academics.
Benefit from strategic partnerships with firms, regulators and accreditation bodies, which inform our programme development.
Improve your employability by gaining important transferable skills and mapping your career with our careers team.
Strengthen your network - connect with other students, faculty and industry professionals on an international scale, and seek out opportunities for future placements and job opportunities.
Increase your earning potential - the 2022 Graduate Labour Market Statistics found that postgraduates on average earn £6,500 more than their graduate counterparts.
Get ahead of the competition - gain in-depth knowledge of your topic of interest and become a subject expert, which will provide you with a competitive edge in the job market.
Enjoy flexibility - We understand that everyone’s circumstances are different. That’s why we offer a wide range of study modes (full-time, part-time, on campus, online) across our courses to provide you with the greatest choice and flexibility you need to succeed in your studies.
Prepare for the future of Legal Technology – study modules in legal technology and gain insight into this emerging area of law.

Take a look at our Centre of Excellence for Healthcare , for more information about how you can benefit from our specialist programmes, strategic partnerships, expert teaching and resources to help you succeed in the field of healthcare.

Please note that, due to Home Office regulations, students who require a Student Route visa to study with us are not permitted to study online and can only choose face-to-face taught modules.

Course Structure

Terms 1 & 2 (full-time) or 1-4 (part-time).

In addition to a general induction to the programme, there is a two-week induction covering the Key Principles of the English Legal System. This is compulsory for non-law students, but also open to students wanting a refresher in the fundamentals of the law of England and Wales. This would be useful for any student who has taken a considerable break from legal education.

Compulsory modules include:

Medical Law and Ethics
Research Methods Training to help you prepare for your dissertation

You may then choose three from the list of elective modules* which includes modules such as:

Healthcare Regulation
Legal Ethics
Mental Health Law

View the elective module guide

*All elective modules are subject to availability.

Term 3 (full-time) or 5 & 6 (part-time)

Dissertation in Medical Law and Ethics

Course Start Dates

Full-time: Hong Kong, London Bloomsbury, Manchester and Online (Hong Kong)
Part-time: Hong Kong, London Bloomsbury, Manchester and Online (Hong Kong)

February 2025

Study LLM Medical Law and Ethics Online starting September 2024 or February 2025

Make an Enquiry

Course requirements.

The course demands show you the requirements, prior knowledge and commitments our course will involve.

Find out more ➔

Study Online

If you’re looking for the perfect combination of a flexible study programme to fit around your other commitments together with the benefit of our expertise, experience and employability focus, why not consider our online study option?

LLM Medical Law and Ethics Online ➔

open days Upcoming Dates

Prospective students on a guided tour around campus

Course Information

Course dates

With so many options for studying this course, you can be sure to find a start date and study option to suit your needs.

Modules are assessed by a three hour unseen written examination or 4,500 word coursework assignment.

All assessments are conducted online.

The dissertation module will be assessed by submission of a thesis (15,000 words), and provides an opportunity for sustained, in-depth and intensive investigation into, and reflection upon, a specialist area of Medical Law and Ethics.

The course has an innovatively flexible structure, with specific assessments that are conducive to effective learning.

The approach to learning and teaching on the Master of Laws programmes is predominantly learner-centred. Each taught module is divided into a number of Units which are presented using the Prepare, Engage, Consolidate approach.

Prepare : this represents all the work the student needs to complete before attending the relevant workshop. Traditional lecture content will be presented in short bite-sized segments of approximately 10 minutes to better engage the modern student. Guided independent research and reading will be expected as part of a student’s preparation.

Engage: this represents the interactive element of the Unit. This could be a face to face workshop, a synchronous online workshop or an asynchronous online activity.

Consolidate: this represents the final part of the Unit and can be used by students to check their understanding of the Unit immediately after their Engage activity or as part of their revision for the module or both.

Employability We Set You Up For Success

We care about your career, which is why we offer support with job applications and other work experience opportunities as soon as you accept your place.

Find a career that suits you

Fees and applying.

How to Apply
Fees and Funding
International

You can apply for this course directly with the University.

This course cannot be chosen to study alongside our Legal Practice Course (LPC). For more information on the choice of Master's to study alongside our LPC, please visit the LPC page .

Please note: Our Master of Laws (LLM) programmes are not a direct route to qualification as a Barrister or Solicitor in the UK.

Please note: Our Hong Kong courses are not yet open for applications. If you are interested in finding out more about studying in Hong Kong , please register your interest today.

2024/25 Course Fee (for courses starting on or after 1 July 2024)

Domestic students

London: £13,450

Outside of London: £11,900

Non-domestic students

London: £18,500 (or £15,500 including a £3,000 International Bursary*)

Outside of London: £17,000 (or £14,500 including a £2,500 International Bursary*)

Hong Kong students:

HKD $133,400

* Terms and Conditions apply

See the full fee schedule for our LLMs here .

By studying a Master's degree you could be eligible for a Postgraduate Loan .

If you’re a ULaw alumnus, you may be eligible to receive our £1000 Academic Master's Alumni Discount .

We also have a range of scholarships and bursaries available which make studying with us more affordable than ever.

We have students from over 120 different countries throughout our campuses, with a dedicated team to help international students.

If you are an international student and are coming to the UK to study, then you must apply to the Home Office for a visa. In most cases you will need to obtain a Student Route visa . In order to apply for this visa you must be sponsored by an education provider which is licensed by the UK Home Office.

The Home Office has also introduced a Graduate Work visa which allows Graduates to work flexibly, switch jobs and develop their career in the UK for 2 years post completion of a UK degree. The Graduate route is an unsponsored visa, meaning students will not need a job offer to apply for this visa.

Please note that the University does not currently provide visa sponsorship to students for part-time study. We also cannot sponsor students for online courses due to Home Office regulations.

browse Other Courses

Businessmen meeting superimposed over a cityscape

Legal Practice Course (LPC)

Sillhouetes of business professionals superimposed on world map and financial charts

LLM Legal Practice (SQE1&2)

Bar Practice Course (BPC)

Postgraduate Diploma in Law (PGDL) - (conversion)

Business professionals superimposed on a cityscape

MA Law (Conversion)

MA Law (SQE1)

Sillhouetes of business professionals superimposed on financial charts

SQE Law Essentials

Business professionals walking around modern office space

SQE1 Preparation for Legal Professionals

Business professionals in modern office space

SQE2 Preparation for Legal Professionals

Sqe1 preparation course, sqe2 preparation course.

Earth superimposed over silhouetts of person

LLM Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability

SQE1 Exam Preparation Course

View of skyscrapers seen from ground level

LLM International Corporate Governance

SQE2 Exam Preparation Course

LLM Banking and Debt Finance

LLM Media Law, Privacy and Defamation

LLM Family Law

LLM Immigration Law

Business professionals and office buildings

LLM Insolvency Law

Meeting table and chairs in a bright room with a view

LLM International and Comparative Law

LLM Healthcare Regulation

Man looking towards a modern city skyline

LLM International Criminal Law

Business professionals at a meeting by a large window

LLM Company Law

LLM Compliance and Regulation

LLM Corporate Governance

Master of law, llm corporate governance gradcg.

LLM Public International Law

Business professionals in a modern office

LLM International Arbitration

LLM International Business Law

LLM International Human Rights Law

LLM, PG Dip, PG Cert

Llm master of law (international).

Silhouette of Law professionals shaking hands

LLM Master of Laws (General)

Leadership, diplomacy, unification and mediation concept

LLM Mediation and Alternative Dispute Resolution

abstract image of a head with neurology map overlay

LLM Mental Health Law

Master of Science

Msc legal technology.

PG Dip and PG Cert

Legal technology.

LLM Data Protection and Intellectual Property

LLM Employment Law

LLM Environmental Law

LLM International Finance Law

Man using mobile phone with digital icons

LLM Insurance Law

Cityscape and person working with laptop

LLM International Commercial Law

LLM International Energy Law

LLM Maritime Law

LLM Legal Ethics

LLM Investment Regulation

LLM Construction Law

LLM Child Law

US Bar Preparation Course

Career changers and further studies: What are the benefits of studying for a master’s?

Students standing around a large pile of books

Why should you study an LLM?

Career focus: Personal injury law

45,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today

Here’s your new year gift, one app for all your, study abroad needs, start your journey, track your progress, grow with the community and so much more.

Verification Code

An OTP has been sent to your registered mobile no. Please verify

Thanks for your comment !

Our team will review it before it's shown to our readers.

Dissertation Topics in Law for LLM Students

Updated on
May 9, 2023

Dissertation Topics in Law for LLM Students-03 (1)

The last academic challenge before the completion of your postgraduate degree is a dissertation or thesis. Many students pursuing LLM are often confused while deciding the correct topic for the dissertation as it requires a lot of research. To help you with the dissertation this blog contains ideal law dissertation topics for LLM in India. Keep reading to know more!

This Blog Includes:

How to choose the best dissertation topic, advantages of choosing a good dissertation topic, criminal law dissertation topics, international law dissertation topics, family law dissertation topics, employment law dissertation topics, international commercial law dissertation topics, law dissertation topics india, intellectual property law topics in dissertation, constitutional law topics in dissertation, sports law topics in dissertation, medical law topics in dissertation, commercial law dissertation topics, company law dissertation topics, tort law dissertation topics, eu law dissertation topics, the english legal system and constitutional and administrative law dissertation topics.

A lot of research and hard work is required to decide what is a correct and valuable topic for the dissertation or thesis. It is seen in various students that before graduation the dissertation is the last hurdle in the way. It is advised to pursue a topic after valuable research and most importantly that goes with the student’s interests.

Team Leverage Edu

8 Universities with higher ROI than IITs and IIMs

Grab this one-time opportunity to download this ebook

Connect With Us

45,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. take the first step today..

Resend OTP in

Need help with?

Study abroad.

UK, Canada, US & More

IELTS, GRE, GMAT & More

Scholarship, Loans & Forex

Country Preference

New Zealand

Which English test are you planning to take?

Which academic test are you planning to take.

Not Sure yet

When are you planning to take the exam?

Already booked my exam slot

Within 2 Months

Want to learn about the test

Which Degree do you wish to pursue?

When do you want to start studying abroad.

September 2024

January 2025

What is your budget to study abroad?

How would you describe this article ?

Please rate this article

We would like to hear more.

Forgiveness
Resurrection

General Christian
Relationships and Religion

An Examination: Medical-Law Ethics in Law School Curriculum

A brief Review

Michael A Massa, JD

July, 2024

Mr Massa, is a graduate of Capital Law Center, a Member of The American College of Legal Medicine, an Arbitrator and Writer.

This brief dissertation examines the significance and results of decisively incorporating medical ethics studies into law school curriculums.

History, Judeo-Christian Culture, and our myriad of other global beliefs as well as secular philosophies inform us of the timeless truths that surely impermeate all times and ages. Those common human experiences serve as a universal moral compass which guides us all.

The times change- but fundamental truths remain.

Including these global moral concerns and truths into learning curriculums, serve to providing a structural models. actual frameworks, steps and the academic rubrics involved in doing so.

The intersection of law and medicine is profound, which is one of The American College of Legal Medicine’s core precepts in realizing a deep understanding of human and moral decisions; which professionals in law and medical fields constantly encounter.

By inculcating such ethics studies in law schools, legal professionals can enhance their comprehension, thinking skills, and ethical decision-making-processes.

Patients and families, cared by medical/dental and ancillary professionals, as well as attorneys, all benefit.

This brief step-by-step analysis merely outlines and itemizes the successes and benefits of intertwining medical ethics with legal education, to foster a more ethically conscious legal profession.

Indicators:

Indicator 1:

Introduction and History

– Background information in the symbiotic relationship between law and medicine must be articulated and in most all law school curriculums. The personal opinion of this author is that “morality” and ethics cannot just be ‘learned” or taught, but rather, must be recognized, experienced, engendered, and practiced.. as part of our very lives.

– Rationale for integrating medical ethics education into law school curriculums must be palpable and underpinned by recent legal decisions, evolving notions of ethics, and and even cutting-edge medical diagnostics/conclusions. Ongoing Research is always part of that mix.

Indicator 2.

Theoretical Framework:

– An Overview of medical ethics and its relevance to legal practice.

– Theoretical perspectives on ethics education in law schools obviously must be nurtured and updated as time moves forward. Therefore, ethical perspectives will naturally evolve.

– Existing literature on the integration of medical ethics into legal education can only capture a contemporary window in time, regarding legal medical and social development.

Consideration 3:

Curriculum Development:

– Designing a medical ethics curriculum for law students

– Learning outcomes and goals of incorporating such medical ethics studies

– Approaches to teaching medical ethics in a strictly legal context.

Consideration 4: Pedagogical Strategies:

methodologies and techniques for effective integration

– Case studies and real-world scenarios to engage students in ethical reasoning

– Evaluation methods to assess the impact of medical ethics education on students’ competencies.

This may take place via experiential studies- if feasible, and even through related forms of distance education, such as hybrid, or synchronous learning type classes, etc

As one prime example, a Values/Ethics element is imbedded in all professional online legal and non-legal programs currently at Villanova University, in Philadelphia).

Both secular as well as religious-affiliated schools have the the moral societal imperative and ability to develop or maintain Values/Ethics infused curricula.

Indicator 5:

Professional Competence in Ethical Decision-Making:

– The practical influence of medical ethics education on shaping legal professionals’ moral reasoning.

– Enhancing critical thinking skills and ethical judgment in legal and medical practices.

– Legal and Medical case analyses demonstrating the positive outcomes of a combined legal and medical ethics education

Consideration 6:

Proffered Institutional Perspectives and Challenges:

– Culling Perspectives from law schools on incorporating medical ethics into the curriculum

– Overcoming challenges and barriers to successful implementation

– Collaborative efforts between law and medical schools to enhance interdisciplinary education

Consideration 7:

Future Directions and Recommendations:

– Potential future trends in integrating medical ethics education in law schools

– Policy implications and, outcome recommendations for stakeholders in legal and medical education

– Areas for further research and exploration in the field

Consideration 9:

Conclusion:

– Summary of key findings and contributions of the dissertation

– Implications of integrating medical ethics studies into law school curriculums

– Final reflections on the significance of ethical education in shaping competent legal professionals.

Through a concise analysis of the integration of medical ethics studies into law school curriculums, this dissertation aims to shed light on the transformative potential of ethical education in cultivating a more ethically conscientious legal profession.

By equipping future legal practitioners with a robust understanding of medical ethics, we can foster a culture of ethical excellence and moral integrity in the practice of law.

Law schools can assess the effectiveness of medical ethics education on student competency through various methods to ensure that students are gaining the necessary knowledge and skills to navigate complex ethical dilemmas in their future legal practice. The educational rubrics can certainly be established in a multi-disciplinary approach.

Learning from Law Professionals, medical professionals, and even rigious/secular professionals should always be part of the entire process.

Below are some of the strategies that law schools can affirmatively employ to evaluate the impact of medical ethics education:

1. **Assessment Tools**: Designing assessments such as exams, quizzes, case analyses, or research projects specifically focused on medical ethics concepts covered in the curriculum. Such components I don’t know can help measure students’ understanding and application of ethical principles.

2. **Ethical Decision-Making Models**: Presenting students with real-life ethical dilemmas or case studies that require them to analyze the situation, identify ethical issues, and propose solutions can assess their ability to navigate complex ethical challenges.

3. **Reflective Writing: Encouraging students to engage in reflective writing assignments where they critically analyze their ethical decision-making processes and personal values can provide insights into their ethical reasoning skills and self-awareness.

4. **Simulations and Role-Playing**: Incorporating simulations or role-playing activities that simulate ethical dilemmas in legal practice allows students to apply their knowledge in a practical setting and helps evaluate their ability to make ethical decisions under pressure.

5. **Peer and Self-Assessment**: Implementing peer evaluation or self-assessment mechanisms where students assess their own ethical reasoning skills and provide feedback to peers can promote self-reflection and peer learning in ethical decision-making.

6. **Feedback Mechanisms**: Providing timely and constructive feedback on students’ ethical analyses and decision-making processes can help them understand their strengths and areas for improvement in ethical reasoning.

7. **Surveys and Questionnaires**: Administering instruments such as surveys or questionnaires to students to gather feedback on the perceived effectiveness of medical ethics education in enhancing their ethical competence and critical thinking skills.

8. **Longitudinal Studies**: Conducting longitudinal studies to track students’ ethical development over time and assess the long-term impact of medical ethics education on their professional practice and decision-making.

By utilizing a combination of these assessment strategies, law schools can effectively evaluate the impact of medical ethics education and student competency.

This ensures that law school graduates are equipped with the necessary ethical skills to navigate the complex ethical landscape of medical and legal practice.

While assessment tools are valuable for evaluating the effectiveness of medical ethics education in law schools, they also have limitations that should be taken into consideration. Some of these limitations include:

1. **Subjectivity**: Ethical reasoning and decision-making are inherently subjective and complex processes. Assessment tools may not capture the full spectrum of ethical considerations and nuances involved in real-life ethical dilemmas, leading to a limited understanding of students’ ethical competence.

2. **Limited Scope**: Assessment tools often focus on assessing Current knowledge and understanding of ethical principles, but may not capture students’ ability to apply these principles in practical legal scenarios. This limitation may result in a gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world ethical decision-making skills.

3.**Standardization:

Developing standardized assessment tools for measuring ethical competence can be challenging due to the diverse nature of ethical dilemmas that legal practitioners may encounter. One-size-fits-all assessments may not adequately capture the individualized nature of ethical reasoning.

4. **Time Constraints**: Most Assessments typically have time constraints, which may pressure students to make quick decisions in ethical scenarios. This may not fully reflect their ability to engage in thorough ethical analysis and decision-making processes.

5. **Ethical Quandries**: Assessments may present simplified or contrived ethical dilemmas that do not fully replicate the complexity of real-world ethical challenges faced by legal professionals. This limitation may affect the validity and authenticity of the assessment results.

6. **Recall Bias**: Assessments that rely heavily on students’ recall of ethical principles or case studies may not accurately reflect their ethical reasoning skills in practical situations. Students may struggle to apply theoretical knowledge to real-life scenarios under exam conditions.

7. **Overemphasis on Competency**: Assessments tend to focus on measuring students’ ethical competency rather than their ethical sensitivity, empathy, or moral courage. These aspects of ethical development may be challenging to assess through traditional assessment tools.

8. **Cultural and Contextual Factors: Students’ cultural backgrounds, personal values, and life experiences can influence their ethical reasoning and decision-making processes.

Assessment tools may not always account for these individual differences, limiting the validity of the assessment results.

Acknowledging these limitations and complementing with assessment tools with other evaluation methods, such as reflective writing, case-based discussions, and simulations, can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of medical ethics education on student competency in law schools.

*This bibliography includes a selection of key texts on medical ethics, legal ethics, and the intersection of law and medicine. This strives to provide further insights into the integration of medical ethics education into law school curriculums and the assessment of its effectiveness on student competency in ethical decision-making.

Bibliography:

1 . Wendel WB. Ethics and Law: An Introduction . Cambridge University Press; 2014.

2. Beauchamp, Tom L and Childress, James F. “Principles of Biomedical Ethics.” Oxford University Press. 2018.

3. DuBois, James M., and Burkemper, Jack L. “Medical Ethics Education: An Interdisciplinary and Social Theories Approach.” Springer, 2017.

4. Bernard, and Siegler, Mark. “Ethical Issues in Clinical Research.” Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020, and Mink , Mark. “Ethical Decision-Making in the Legal Profession: A Framework for Ethical Competence.” Oxford University Press, 2019.

5. The Bible, New American Version 1984 (both Old/ New testaments); 2 Timothy 3:1-6., 6 Corinthians 9-10.

6. Pellegrino, Edmund D., and Thomasma, David C. “The Virtues in Medical Practice.” Oxford University Press, 2018.

7. Sabin, James E., and Daniels, Norman. “Medical Ethics and the Law: The Core Curriculum.” IEEE Computer Society, 2017.

8. Shapiro, Joel P., et al. “Ethical and Legal Issues in Neurology.” Elsevier, 2018.

9. Thomas, Murray. “Law and Ethics in Medicine: A Dynamic Partnership.” Routledge, 2020.

10. St Augustine of Hippo, “The City of God”, c. 413-426. Christian Bishop.

11. Veatch, Robert M. “The Basics of Bioethics.” Routledge, 2020

12: Value Based Learning, “GVV Initiatives”, Villanova University, Philadelphia, Pa.,

Uncategorized
Villanova U

Library of World Religions
Advertise With Us
Write for Us
Privacy Policy
Terms of Service
Do Not Sell My Data
Radiant Digital
Manage Newsletter Subscriptions
Unsubscribe From Notifications

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Publications
Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

Advanced Search
Journal List
Indian J Anaesth
v.66(1); 2022 Jan

Dissertation writing in post graduate medical education

Department of Anaesthesiology, Dr. B R Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Mridul M Panditrao

1 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (AIMSR), Bathinda, Punjab, India

2 Department of Anaesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

Sukhminder Jit Singh Bajwa

3 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India

Nishant Sahay

4 Department of Anaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India

Thrivikrama Padur Tantry

5 Department of Anaesthesiology, A J Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kuntikana, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

Associated Data

A dissertation is a practical exercise that educates students about basics of research methodology, promotes scientific writing and encourages critical thinking. The National Medical Commission (India) regulations make assessment of a dissertation by a minimum of three examiners mandatory. The candidate can appear for the final examination only after acceptance of the dissertation. An important role in a dissertation is that of the guide who has to guide his protégés through the process. This manuscript aims to assist students and guides on the basics of conduct of a dissertation and writing the dissertation. For students who will ultimately become researchers, a dissertation serves as an early exercise. Even for people who may never do research after their degree, a dissertation will help them discern the merits of new treatment options available in literature for the benefit of their patients.

INTRODUCTION

The zenith of clinical residency is the completion of the Master's Dissertation, a document formulating the result of research conducted by the student under the guidance of a guide and presenting and publishing the research work. Writing a proper dissertation is most important to present the research findings in an acceptable format. It is also reviewed by the examiners to determine a part of the criteria for the candidate to pass the Masters’ Degree Examination.

The predominant role in a dissertation is that of the guide who has to mentor his protégés through the process by educating them on research methodology, by: (i) identifying a pertinent and topical research question, (ii) formulating the “type” of study and the study design, (iii) selecting the sample population, (iv) collecting and collating the research data accurately, (v) analysing the data, (vi) concluding the research by distilling the outcome, and last but not the least (vii) make the findings known by publication in an acceptable, peer-reviewed journal.[ 1 ] The co-guide could be a co-investigator from another department related to the study topic, and she/he will play an equivalent role in guiding the student.

Research is a creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge.[ 2 ] This work, known as a study may be broadly classified into two groups in a clinical setting:

Trials: Here the researcher intervenes to either prevent a disease or to treat it.
Observational studies: Wherein the investigator makes no active intervention and merely observes the patients or subjects allocated the treatment based on clinical decisions.[ 3 ]

The research which is described in a dissertation needs to be presented under the following headings: Introduction, Aim of the Study, Description of devices if any or pharmacology of drugs, Review of Literature, Material and Methods, Observations and Results, Discussion, Conclusions, Limitations of the study, Bibliography, Proforma, Master chart. Some necessary certificates from the guide and the institute are a requirement in certain universities. The students often add an acknowledgement page before the details of their dissertation proper. It is their expression of gratitude to all of those who they feel have been directly or indirectly helpful in conduct of the study, data analysis, and finally construction of the dissertation.

Framing the research question (RQ)

It is the duty of the teacher to suggest suitable research topics to the residents, based on resources available, feasibility and ease of conduct at the centre. Using the FINER criteria, the acronym for feasibility, topical interest, novelty, ethicality and relevance would be an excellent way to create a correct RQ.[ 4 ]

The PICOT method which describes the patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and time, would help us narrow down to a specific and well-formulated RQ.[ 5 , 6 ] A good RQ leads to the derivation of a research hypothesis, which is an assumption or prediction of the outcome that will be tested by the research. The research topic could be chosen from among the routine clinical work regarding clinical management, use of drugs e.g., vasopressors to prevent hypotension or equipment such as high flow nasal oxygen to avoid ventilation.

Review of literature

To gather this information may be a difficult task for a fresh trainee however, a good review of the available literature is a tool to identify and narrow down a good RQ and generate a hypothesis. Literature sources could be primary (clinical trials, case reports), secondary (reviews, meta-analyses) or tertiary (e.g., reference books, compilations). Methods of searching literature could be manual (journals) or electronic (online databases), by looking up references or listed citations in existing articles. Electronic database searches are made through the various search engines available online e.g., scholar.google.com, National Library of Medicine (NLM) website, clinical key app and many more. Advanced searches options may help narrow down the search results to those that are relevant for the student. This could be based on synthesising keywords from the RQ, or by searching for phrases, Boolean operators, or utilising filters.

After choosing the topic, an apt and accurate title has to be chosen. This should be guided by the use of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terminology from the NLM, which is used for indexing, cataloguing, and searching of biomedical and health-related information.[ 7 ] The dissertation requires a detailed title which may include the objective of the study, key words and even the PICOT components. One may add the study design in the title e.g. “a randomised cross over study” or “an observational analytical study” etc.

Aim and the objectives

The Aims and the Objectives of the research study have to be listed clearly, before initiating the study.[ 8 ] “Gaps” or deficiencies in existing knowledge should be clearly cited. The Aim by definition is a statement of the expected outcome, while the Objectives (which might be further classed into primary and secondary based on importance) should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic or relevant, time-bound and challenging; in short, “SMART!” To simplify, the aim is a statement of intent, in terms of what we hope to achieve at the end of the project. Objectives are specific, positive statements of measurable outcomes, and are a list of steps that will be taken to achieve the outcome.[ 9 ] Aim of a dissertation, for example, could be to know which of two nerve block techniques is better. To realise this aim, comparing the duration of postoperative analgesia after administration of the block by any measurable criteria, could be an objective, such as the time to use of first rescue analgesic drug. Similarly, total postoperative analgesic drug consumption may form a secondary outcome variable as it is also measurable. These will generate data that may be used for analysis to realise the main aim of the study.

Inclusion and exclusions

The important aspect to consider after detailing when and how the objectives will be measured is documenting the eligibility criteria for inclusion of participants. The exclusion criteria must be from among the included population/patients only. e.g., If only American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II are included, then ASA III and IV cannot be considered as exclusion criteria, since they were never a part of the study. The protocol must also delineate the setting of the study, locations where data would be collected, and specify duration of conduct of the dissertation. A written informed consent after explaining the aim, objectives and methodology of the study is legally mandatory before embarking upon any human study. The study should explicitly clarify whether it is a retrospective or a prospective study, where the study is conducted and the duration of the study.

Sample size: The sample subjects in the study should be representative of the population upon whom the inference has to be drawn. Sampling is the process of selecting a group of representative people from a larger population and subjecting them for the research.[ 10 ] The sample size represents a number, beyond which the addition of population is unlikely to change the conclusion of the study. The sample size is calculated taking into consideration the primary outcome criteria, confidence interval (CI), power of the study, and the effect size the researcher wishes to observe in the primary objective of the study. Hence a typical sample size statement can be - “Assuming a duration of analgesia of 150 min and standard deviation (SD) of 15 min in first group, keeping power at 80% and CIs at 95% (alpha error at 0.05), a sample of 26 patients would be required to detect a minimum difference (effect size) of 30% in the duration of analgesia between the two groups. Information regarding the different sampling methods and sample size calculations may be found in the Supplementary file 1 .

Any one research question may be answered using a number of research designs.[ 11 ] Research designs are often described as either observational or experimental. The various research designs may be depicted graphically as shown in Figure 1 .

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is IJA-66-34-g001.jpg

Graphical description of available research designs

The observational studies lack “the three cornerstones of experimentation” – controls, randomisation, and replication. In an experimental study on the other hand, in order to assess the effect of treatment intervention on a participant, it is important to compare it with subjects similar to each other but who have not been given the studied treatment. This group, also called the control group, may help distinguish the effect of the chosen intervention on outcomes from effects caused by other factors, such as the natural history of disease, placebo effects, or observer or patient expectations.

All the proposed dissertations must be submitted to the scientific committee for any suggestion regarding the correct methodology to be followed, before seeking ethical committee approval.

Ethical considerations

Ethical concerns are an important part of the research project, right from selection of the topic to the dissertation writing. It must be remembered, that the purpose of a dissertation given to a post-graduate student is to guide him/her through the process by educating them on the very basics of research methodology. It is therefore not imperative that the protégés undertake a complicated or risky project. If research involves human or animal subjects, drugs or procedures, research ethics guidelines as well as drug control approvals have to be obtained before tabling the proposal to the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC). The roles, responsibilities and composition of the Ethics Committee has been specified by the Directorate General of Health Services, Government of India. Documented approval of the Ethics committee is mandatory before any subject can be enroled for any dissertation in India. Even retrospective studies require approval from the IEC. Details of this document is available at: https://cdsco.gov.in/opencms/resources/UploadCDSCOWeb/2018/UploadEthicsRegistration/Applmhrcrr.pdf .

The candidate and the guide are called to present their proposal before the committee. The ethical implications, risks and management, subjects’ rights and responsibilities, informed consent, monetary aspects, the research and analysis methods are all discussed. The patient safety is a topmost priority and any doubts of the ethical committee members should be explained in medically layman's terms. The dissertation topics should be listed as “Academic clinical trials” and must involve only those drugs which are already approved by the Drugs Controller General of India. More commonly, the Committee suggests rectifications, and then the researchers have to resubmit the modified proposal after incorporating the suggestions, at the next sitting of the committee or seek online approval, as required. At the conclusion of the research project, the ethics committee has to be updated with the findings and conclusions, as well as when it is submitted for publication. Any deviation from the approved timeline, as well as the research parameters has to be brought to the attention of the IEC immediately, and re-approval sought.

Clinical trial registration

Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) is a free online searchable system for prospective registration of all clinical studies conducted in India. It is owned and managed by the National Institute of Medical Statistics, a division of Indian Council of Medical Research, Government of India. Registration of clinical trials will ensure transparency, accountability and accessibility of trials and their results to all potential beneficiaries.

After the dissertation proposal is passed by the scientific committee and IEC, it may be submitted for approval of trial registration to the CTRI. The student has to create a login at the CTRI website, and submit all the required data with the help of the guides. After submission, CTRI may ask for corrections, clarifications or changes. Subject enrolment and the actual trial should begin only after the CTRI approval.

Randomisation

In an experimental study design, the method of randomisation gives every subject an equal chance to get selected in any group by preventing bias. Primarily, three basic types employed in post-graduate medical dissertations are simple randomisation, block randomisation and stratified randomisation. Simple randomisation is based upon a single sequence of random assignments such as flipping a coin, rolling of dice (above 3 or below 3), shuffling of cards (odd or even) to allocate into two groups. Some students use a random number table found in books or use computer-generated random numbers. There are many random number generators, randomisation programs as well as randomisation services available online too. ( https://www-users.york.ac.uk/~mb55/guide/randsery.htm ).

There are many applications which generate random number sequences and a research student may use such computer-generated random numbers [ Figure 2 ]. Simple randomisation has higher chances of unequal distribution into the two groups, especially when sample sizes are low (<100) and thus block randomisation may be preferred. Details of how to do randomisation along with methods of allocation concealment may be found in Supplementary file 2 .

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is IJA-66-34-g002.jpg

Figure depicting how to do block randomisation using online resources. (a) generation of a random list (b) transfer of the list to an MS excel file

Allocation concealment

If it is important in a study to generate a random sequence of intervention, it is also important for this sequence to be concealed from all stake-holders to prevent any scope of bias.[ 12 ] Allocation concealment refers to the technique used to implement a random sequence for allocation of intervention, and not to generate it.[ 13 ] In an Indian post-graduate dissertation, the sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes (SNOSE) technique is commonly used [ Supplementary file 2 ].

To minimise the chances of differential treatment allocation or assessments of outcomes, it is important to blind as many individuals as possible in the trial. Blinding is not an all-or-none phenomenon. Thus, it is very desirable to explicitly state in the dissertation, which individuals were blinded, how they achieved blinding and whether they tested the success of blinding.

Commonly used terms for blinding are

Single blinding: Masks the participants from knowing which intervention has been given.
Double blinding: Blinds both the participants as well as researchers to the treatment allocation.
Triple blinding: By withholding allocation information from the subjects, researchers, as well as data analysts. The specific roles of researchers involved in randomisation, allocation concealment and blinding should be stated clearly in the dissertation.

Data which can be measured as numbers are called quantitative data [ Table 1 ]. Studies which emphasise objective measurements to generate numerical data and then apply statistical and mathematical analysis constitute quantitative research. Qualitative research on the other hand focuses on understanding people's beliefs, experiences, attitudes, behaviours and thus these generate non-numerical data called qualitative data, also known as categorical data, descriptive data or frequency counts. Importance of differentiating data into qualitative and quantitative lies in the fact that statistical analysis as well as the graphical representation may be very different.

Data collection types

Quantitative Data Collection	Qualitative Data Collection
1. Experiments	1. In-depth interviews
2. Surveys	2. Observation methods
3. Interviews	3. Document review
Telephone interviews	Focus groups
Face-to-face interviews	Longitudinal studies
Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI)	Case studies
4. Questionnaires
Mail questionnaires
Web-based questionnaires

In order to obtain data from the outcome variable for the purpose of analysis, we need to design a study which would give us the most valid information. A valid data or measurement tool, is the degree to which the tool measures what it claims to measure. For example, appearance of end tidal carbon dioxide waveform is a more valid measurement to assess correct endotracheal tube placement than auscultation of breath sounds on chest inflation.

The compilation of all data in a ‘Master Chart’ is a necessary step for planning, facilitating and appropriate preparation and processing of the data for analysis. It is a complete set of raw research data arranged in a systematic manner forming a well-structured and formatted, computable data matrix/database of the research to facilitate data analysis. The master chart is prepared as a Microsoft Excel sheet with the appropriate number of columns depicting the variable parameters for each individual subjects/respondents enlisted in the rows.

Statistical analysis

The detailed statistical methodology applied to analyse the data must be stated in the text under the subheading of statistical analysis in the Methods section. The statistician should be involved in the study during the initial planning stage itself. Following four steps have to be addressed while planning, performing and text writing of the statistical analysis part in this section.

Step 1. How many study groups are present? Whether analysis is for an unpaired or paired situation? Whether the recorded data contains repeated measurements? Unpaired or paired situations decide again on the choice of a test. The latter describes before and after situations for collected data (e.g. Heart rate data ‘before’ and ‘after’ spinal anaesthesia for a single group). Further, data should be checked to find out whether they are from repeated measurements (e.g., Mean blood pressure at 0, 1 st , 2 nd , 5 th , 10 th minutes and so on) for a group. Different types of data are commonly encountered in a dissertation [ Supplementary file 3A ].

Step 2. Does the data follow a normal distribution?[ 14 ]

Each study group as well as every parameter has to be checked for distribution analysis. This step will confirm whether the data of a particular group is normally distributed (parametric data) or does not follow the normal distribution (non-parametric data); subsequent statistical test selection mainly depends on the results of the distribution analysis. For example, one may choose the Student's’ test instead of the ‘Mann-Whitney U’ for non-parametric data, which may be incorrect. Each study group as well as every parameter has to be checked for distribution analysis [ Supplementary File 3B ].

Step 3. Calculation of measures of central tendency and measures of variability.

Measures of central tendency mainly include mean, median and mode whereas measures of variability include range, interquartile range (IQR), SD or variance not standard error of mean. Depending on Step 2 findings, one needs to make the appropriate choice. Mean and SD/variance are more often for normally distributed and median with IQR are the best measure for not normal (skewed) distribution. Proportions are used to describe the data whenever the sample size is ≥100. For a small sample size, especially when it is approximately 25-30, describe the data as 5/25 instead of 20%. Software used for statistical analysis automatically calculates the listed step 3 measures and thus makes the job easy.

Step 4. Which statistical test do I choose for necessary analysis?

Choosing a particular test [ Figure 3 ] is based on orderly placed questions which are addressed in the dissertation.[ 15 ]

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is IJA-66-34-g003.jpg

Chosing a statistical test, (a). to find a difference between the groups of unpaired situations, (b). to find a difference between the groups of paired situations, (c). to find any association between the variables, (d). to find any agreement between the assessment techniques. ANOVA: Analysis of Variance. Reproduced with permission from Editor of Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, and the author, Dr Barun Nayak[ 15 ]

Is there a difference between the groups of unpaired situations?
Is there a difference between the groups of paired situations?
Is there any association between the variables?
Is there any agreement between the assessment techniques?

Perform necessary analysis using user-friendly software such as GraphPad Prism, Minitab or MedCalc,etc. Once the analysis is complete, appropriate writing in the text form is equally essential. Specific test names used to examine each part of the results have to be described. Simple listing of series of tests should not be done. A typical write-up can be seen in the subsequent sections of the supplementary files [Supplementary files 3C – E ]. One needs to state the level of significance and software details also.

Role of a statistician in dissertation and data analysis

Involving a statistician before planning a study design, prior to data collection, after data have been collected, and while data are analysed is desirable when conducting a dissertation. On the contrary, it is also true that self-learning of statistical analysis reduces the need for statisticians’ help and will improve the quality of research. A statistician is best compared to a mechanic of a car which we drive; he knows each element of the car, but it is we who have to drive it. Sometimes the statisticians may not be available for a student in an institute. Self-learning software tools, user-friendly statistical software for basic statistical analysis thus gain importance for students as well as guides. The statistician will design processes for data collection, gather numerical data, collect, analyse, and interpret data, identify the trends and relationships in data, perform statistical analysis and its interpretation, and finally assist in final conclusion writing.

Results are an important component of the dissertation and should follow clearly from the study objectives. Results (sometimes described as observations that are made by the researcher) should be presented after correct analysis of data, in an appropriate combination of text, charts, tables, graphs or diagrams. Decision has to be taken on each outcome; which outcome has to be presented in what format, at the beginning of writing itself. These should be statistically interpreted, but statistics should not surpass the dissertation results. The observations should always be described accurately and with factual or realistic values in results section, but should not be interpreted in the results section.

While writing, classification and reporting of the Results has to be done under five section paragraphs- population data, data distribution analysis, results of the primary outcome, results of secondary outcomes, any additional observations made such as a rare adverse event or a side effect (intended or unintended) or of any additional analysis that may have been done, such as subgroup analysis.

At each level, one may either encounter qualitative (n/N and %) or quantitative data (mean [SD], median [IQR] and so on.

In the first paragraph of Results while describing the population data, one has to write about included and excluded patients. One needs to cite the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow chart to the text, at this stage. Subsequently, highlighting of age, sex, height, body mass index (BMI) and other study characteristics referring to the first table of ‘patients data’ should be considered. It is not desirable to detail all values and their comparison P values in the text again in population data as long as they are presented in a cited table. An example of this pattern can be seen in Supplementary file 3D .

In the second paragraph, one needs to explain how the data is distributed. It should be noted that, this is not a comparison between the study groups but represents data distribution for the individual study groups (Group A or Group B, separately)[ Supplementary file 3E ].

In the subsequent paragraph of Results , focused writing on results of the primary outcomes is very important. It should be attempted to mention most of the data outputs related to the primary outcomes as the study is concluded based on the results of this outcome analysis. The measures of central tendency and dispersion (Mean or median and SD or IQR etc., respectively), alongside the CIs, sample number and P values need to be mentioned. It should be noted that the CIs can be for the mean as well as for the mean difference and should not be interchanged. An example of this pattern can be seen in Supplementary file 3F .

A large number of the dissertations are guided for single primary outcome analysis, and also the results of multiple secondary outcomes are needed to be written. The primary outcome should be presented in detail, and secondary outcomes can be presented in tables or graphs only. This will help in avoiding a possible evaluator's fatigue. An example of this pattern can be seen in Supplementary file 3G .

In the last paragraph of the Results, mention any additional observations, such as a rare adverse event or side effect or describe the unexpected results. The results of any additional analysis (subgroup analysis) then need to be described too. An example of this pattern can be seen in Supplementary file 3H .

The most common error observed in the Results text is duplication of the data and analytical outputs. While using the text for summarising the results, at each level, it should not be forgotten to cite the table or graph but the information presented in a table should not be repeated in the text. Further, results should not be given to a greater degree of accuracy than that of the measurement. For example, mean (SD) age need to be presented as 34.5 (11.3) years instead of 34.5634 (11.349). The latter does not carry any additional information and is unnecessary. The actual P values need to be mentioned. The P value should not be simply stated as ‘ P < 0.05’; P value should be written with the actual numbers, such as ‘ P = 0.021’. The symbol ‘<’ should be used only when actual P value is <0.001 or <0.0001. One should try avoiding % calculations for a small sample especially when n < 100. The sample size calculation is a part of the methodology and should not be mentioned in the Results section.

The use of tables will help present actual data values especially when in large numbers. The data and their relationships can be easily understood by an appropriate table and one should avoid overwriting of results in the text format. All values of sample size, central tendency, dispersions, CIs and P value are to be presented in appropriate columns and rows. Preparing a dummy table for all outcomes on a rough paper before proceeding to Microsoft Excel may be contemplated. Appropriate title heading (e.g., Table 1 . Study Characteristics), Column Headings (e.g., Parameter studied, P values) should be presented. A footnote should be added whenever necessary. For outputs, where statistically significant P values are recorded, the same should be highlighted using an asterisk (*) symbol and the same *symbol should be cited in the footnote describing its value (e.g., * P < 0.001) which is self-explanatory for statistically significance. One should not use abbreviations such as ‘NS’ or ‘Sig’ for describing (non-) significance. Abbreviations should be described for all presented tables. A typical example of a table can be seen in Figure 4 .

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is IJA-66-34-g004.jpg

Example of presenting a table

Graphical images

Similar to tables, the graphs and diagrams give a bird's-eye view of the entire data and therefore may easily be understood. bar diagrams (simple, multiple or component), pie charts, line diagrams, pictograms and spot maps suit qualitative data more whereas the histograms, frequency polygons, cumulative frequency, polygon scatter diagram, box and whisker plots and correlation diagrams are used to depict quantitative data. Too much presentation of graphs and images, selection of inappropriate or interchanging of graphs, unnecessary representation of three-dimensional graph for one-dimensional graphs, disproportionate sizes of length and width and incorrect scale and labelling of an axis should be avoided. All graphs should contain legends, abbreviation descriptions and a footnote. Appropriate labelling of the x - and the y -axis is also essential. Priori decided scale for axis data should be considered. The ‘error bar’ represents SDs or IQRs in the graphs and should be used irrespective of whether they are bar charts or line graphs. Not showing error bars in a graphical image is a gross mistake. An error bar can be shown on only one side of the line graph to keep it simple. A typical example of a graphical image can be seen in Figure 5 . The number of subjects (sample) is to be mentioned for each time point on the x -axis. An asterisk (*) needs to be put for data comparisons having statistically significant P value in the graph itself and they are self-explanatory with a ‘stand-alone’ graph.

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is IJA-66-34-g005.jpg

Example of an incorrect (a) and correct (b) image

Once the results have been adequately analysed and described, the next step is to draw conclusions from the data and study. The main goal is to defend the work by staging a constructive debate with the literature.[ 16 ] Generally, the length of the ‘ Discussion ’ section should not exceed the sum of other sections (introduction, material and methods, and results).[ 17 ] Here the interpretation, importance/implications, relevance, limitations of the results are elaborated and should end in recommendations.

It is advisable to start by mentioning the RQ precisely, summarising the main findings without repeating the entire data or results again. The emphasis should be on how the results correlate with the RQ and the implications of these results, with the relevant review of literature (ROL). Do the results coincide with and add anything to the prevalent knowledge? If not, why not? It should justify the differences with plausible explanation. Ultimately it should be made clear, if the study has been successful in making some contribution to the existing evidence. The new results should not be introduced and any exaggerated deductions which cannot be corroborated by the outcomes should not be made.

The discussion should terminate with limitations of the study,[ 17 ] mentioned magnanimously. Indicating limitations of the study reflects objectivity of the authors. It should not enlist any errors, but should acknowledge the constraints and choices in designing, planning methodology or unanticipated challenges that may have cropped up during the actual conduct of the study. However, after listing the limitations, the validity of results pertaining to the RQ may be emphasised again.

This section should convey the precise and concise message as the take home message. The work carried out should be summarised and the answer found to the RQ should be succinctly highlighted. One should not start dwelling on the specific results but mention the overall gain or insights from the observations, especially, whether it fills the gap in the existing knowledge if any. The impact, it may have on the existing knowledge and practices needs to be reiterated.

What to do when we get a negative result?

Sometimes, despite the best research framework, the results obtained are inconclusive or may even challenge a few accepted assumptions.[ 18 ] These are frequently, but inappropriately, termed as negative results and the data as negative data. Students must believe that if the study design is robust and valid, if the confounders have been carefully neutralised and the outcome parameters measure what they are intended to, then no result is a negative result. In fact, such results force us to critically re-evaluate our current understanding of concepts and knowledge thereby helping in better decision making. Studies showing lack of prolongation of the apnoea desaturation safety periods at lower oxygen flows strengthened belief in the difficult airway guidelines which recommend nasal insufflations with at least 15 L/min oxygen.[ 19 , 20 , 21 ]

Publishing the dissertation work

There are many reporting guidelines based upon the design of research. These are a checklist, flow diagram, or structured text to guide authors in reporting a specific type of research, developed using explicit methodology. The CONSORT[ 22 ] and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) initiatives,[ 23 ] both included in the Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research (EQUATOR) international network, have elaborated appropriate suggestions to improve the transparency, clarity and completeness of scientific literature [ Figure 6 ].

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is IJA-66-34-g006.jpg

Equator publishing tree

All authors are advised to follow the CONSORT/STROBE checklist attached as Supplementary file 4 , when writing and reporting their dissertation.

For most dissertations in Anaesthesiology, the CONSORT, STROBE, Standards for Reporting Diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) or REporting recommendations for tumour MARKer prognostic studies (REMARK) guidelines would suffice.

Abstract and Summary

These two are the essential sections of a dissertation.

It should be at the beginning of the manuscript, after the title page and acknowledgments, but before the table of contents. The preparation varies as per the University guidelines, but generally ranges between 150 to 300 words. Although it comes at the very beginning of the thesis, it is the last part one writes. It must not be a ‘copy-paste job’ from the main manuscript, but well thought out miniaturisation, giving the overview of the entire text. As a rule, there should be no citation of references here.

Logically, it would have four components starting with aims, methods, results, and conclusion. One should begin the abstract with the research question/objectives precisely, avoiding excessive background information. Adjectives like, evaluate, investigate, test, compare raise the curiosity quotient of the reader. This is followed by a brief methodology highlighting only the core steps used. There is no need of mentioning the challenges, corrections, or modifications, if any. Finally, important results, which may be restricted to fulfilment (or not), of the primary objective should be mentioned. Abstracts end with the main conclusion stating whether a specific answer to the RQ was found/not found. Then recommendations as a policy statement or utility may be made taking care that it is implementable.

Keywords may be included in the abstract, as per the recommendations of the concerned university. The keywords are primarily useful as markers for future searches. Lastly, the random reader using any search engine may use these, and the identifiability is increased.

The summary most often, is either the last part of the Discussion or commonly, associated with the conclusions (Summary and Conclusions). Repetition of introduction, whole methodology, and all the results should be avoided. Summary, if individually written, should not be more than 150 to 300 words. It highlights the research question, methods used to investigate it, the outcomes/fallouts of these, and then the conclusion part may start.

References/bibliography

Writing References serves mainly two purposes. It is the tacit acknowledgement of the fact that someone else's written words or their ideas or their intellectual property (IP) are used, in part or in toto , to avoid any blame of plagiarism. It is to emphasise the circumspective and thorough literature search that has been carried out in preparation of the work.

Vancouver style for referencing is commonly used in biomedical dissertation writing. A reference list contains details of the works cited in the text of the document. (e.g. book, journal article, pamphlet, government reports, conference material, internet site). These details must include sufficient details so that others may locate and access those references.[ 24 ]

How much older the references can be cited, depends upon the university protocol. Conventionally accepted rule is anywhere between 5-10 years. About 85% of references should be dispersed in this time range. Remaining 15%, which may include older ones if they deal with theories, historical aspects, and any other factual content. Rather than citing an entire book, it is prudent to concentrate on the chapter or subsection of the text. There are subjective variations between universities on this matter. But, by and large, these are quoted as and when deemed necessary and with correct citation.

Bibliography is a separate list from the reference list and should be arranged alphabetically by writing name of the ‘author or title’ (where no author name is given) in the Vancouver style.

There are different aspects of writing the references.[ 24 ]

Citing the reference in the form of a number in the text. The work of other authors referred in the manuscript should be given a unique number and quoted. This is done in the order of their appearance in the text in chronological order by using Arabic numerals. The multiple publications of same author shall be written individually. If a reference article has more than six authors, all six names should be written, followed by “ et al .” to be used in lieu of other author names. It is desirable to write the names of the journals in abbreviations as per the NLM catalogue. Examples of writing references from the various sources may be found in the Supplementary file 5 .

Both the guide and the student have to work closely while searching the topic initially and also while finalising the submission of the dissertation. But the role of the guide in perusing the document in detail, and guiding the candidate through the required corrections by periodic updates and discussions cannot be over-emphasised.

Assessment of dissertations

Rarely, examiners might reject a dissertation for failure to choose a contemporary topic, a poor review of literature, defective methodology, biased analysis or incorrect conclusions. If these cannot be corrected satisfactorily, it will then be back to the drawing board for the researchers, who would have to start from scratch to redesign the study, keeping the deficiencies in mind this time.

Before submission, dissertation has to be run through “plagiarism detector” software, such as Turnitin or Grammarly to ensure that plagiarism does not happen even unwittingly. Informal guidelines state that the percentage plagiarism picked up by these tools should be <10%.

No work of art is devoid of mistakes/errors. Logically, a dissertation, being no exception, may also have errors. Our aim, is to minimise them.

The dissertation is an integral part in the professional journey of any medical post-graduate student. It is also an important responsibility for a guide to educate his protégé, the basics of research methodology through the process. Searching for a gap in literature and identification of a pertinent research question is the initial step. Careful planning of the study design is a vitally important aspect. After the conduct of study, writing the dissertation is an art for which the student often needs guidance. A good dissertation is a good description of a meticulously conducted study under the different headings described, utilising the various reporting guidelines. By avoiding some common errors as discussed in this manuscript, a good dissertation can result in a very fruitful addition to medical literature.

Financial support and sponsorship

Conflicts of interest.

There are no conflicts of interest.

SUPPLEMENTARY FILES

White Paper Addresses Key Issues in Legal Battles over Gender-Affirming Health Care

Professor Anne Alstott of Yale Law School and Dr. Meredithe McNamara of the Yale School of Medicine, the co-founders of The Integrity Project at Yale Law School, have co-authored a white paper with a team of international scientists that takes an expert, evidence-based approach to discussing key issues at stake in current legal battles to preserve access to health care for transgender youth.

READ THE WHITE PAPER

Legal battles over transgender rights continue nationwide. From 2022 through 2024, 25 U.S. states have enacted legislation that bans gender-affirming health care for transgender youth. Litigation is ongoing in at least 10 states. A number of federal and state trial courts have enjoined these laws either temporarily or permanently, but some of these decisions have been reversed on appeal , with a 2024 Supreme Court ruling narrowing the legal remedies available to challengers of the bans. On June 24, the Supreme Court agreed to hear the federal government’s challenge to Tennessee’s ban on gender-affirming care, with a decision expected next year.

Central to all these cases is validity of the scientific evidence supporting gender-affirming care. (“ Gender-affirming care ” refers to the individualized treatments provided by medical professionals to trans youth with gender dysphoria. Treatments can include puberty-pausing medications and gender-affirming hormone therapy.) In prior work , The Integrity Project has reviewed the scientific evidence, which confirms that gender-affirming care is standard health care, well grounded in solid studies and authoritative clinical practice guidelines, and has shown that state bans often rest on scientific misinformation .

Critiquing the Cass Review

The new white paper provides an evidence-based critique of a recent independent review in the U.K ., known as the “Cass Review,” that has become central to U.S. litigation. The NHS recently cited the Cass Review in announcing its decision to deny puberty-pausing medications to those under age 18 outside of a research setting. In June 2024, the NHS Health Secretary cited the Review as the rationale for emergency regulations that criminalize the supply of puberty-pausing medications to new patients under 18 in England, Scotland, and Wales.

States and their amici , as well as conservative commentators , have cited these events as support for U.S. bans on gender-affirming care and have characterized the Cass Review as casting doubt on the scientific evidence base for gender-affirming care. Some academics have raised concerns about the Cass Review, but major news outlets have given the Review positive coverage , treating its findings as authoritative. The Cass Review has already been cited by states in preliminary filings with the Supreme Court.

Alstott, McNamara, and their co-authors evaluate the Cass Review and reach a very different conclusion. In fact, the Cass Review does not recommend a ban on gender-affirming medical care, the white paper states.

“It is vital that the national and international medical community, policymakers, and the media understand what the Cass Review is and what it is not,” Alstott said. “The Review will likely be cited by states attempting to ban gender-affirming care, but, in fact, it is does not recommend a ban on medical care for transgender youth.”

Although the Cass Review does criticize the evidence base for gender-affirming care, the Review’s conclusions in this regard are unsupported,” according to McNamara.

According to Dr. McNamara, “The Cass Review is an important document for those considering how to remedy the shortage of health services for transgender young people in the U.K. It is not an authoritative guideline or standard of care, nor is it an accurate restatement of the available medical evidence on the treatment of gender dysphoria.

Troublingly, according to the new white paper, the Cass Review “levies unsupported assertions about gender identity, gender dysphoria, standard practices, and safety of gender-affirming medical treatments, and it repeats claims that have been disproved by sound evidence.” Additionally, the white paper states that the systematic reviews the Cass Review relied on have serious methodological flaws, including the omission of key findings in the extant body of literature.

The new white paper is co-authored by a group of eight legal scholars and scientists. The scientists include M.D. and Ph.D. researchers, academics, and physicians; all have expertise in research and/or clinical practice in gender-affirming care; and their areas of specialty include adolescent medicine, pediatric endocrinology, child and adolescent psychiatry, and epidemiology.

In addition to Alstott and Dr. McNamara, the distinguished authors include Kellan Baker, Ph.D., Executive Director of the Whitman-Walker Institute; Kara Connelly, M.D., Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University; Aron Janssen, M.D., Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Johanna Olson-Kennedy, M.D., Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of USC; Ken C Pang, FRACP, Ph.D., NHMRC Leadership Fellow and Senior Principal Research Fellow, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, VIC Australia; Ayden Scheim, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Epidemiology, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health; Jack Turban, M.D., Assistant Professor, Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco.

In the Press

What happens after the supreme court’s debacle in purdue pharma — a commentary by joshua macey ’17, ‘another kick in the gut:’ biden’s pardons still fall short for many lgbtq veterans, the state of law school diversity in the wake of affirmative action bans, for the rest of the world, the u.s. president has always been above the law — a commentary by oona a. hathaway ’97, related news.

Blueprints for Ending Mass Incarceration

Grace Kier and Briana Thompson standing in front of a pink and blue background

Taylor’s Version (of the Law) Rules in Student-Led Course

Ela Leshem ’20 Joins Fordham Law Faculty — and Animal Law’s Scholarly Growth

Global main menu

Centre for Commercial Law Studies
CCLS Alumni News

International Climate Change Law Impact on the Rights of Energy Investors under International Investment Law

Thomas Lehmann talks about his recent research on the above topic.

Thomas Lehman (International Investment Law PhD, 2024) is currently doing an internship at Gaillard Banifatemi Shelbaya Disputes in Paris, France. He is also working on publishing his recent PhD dissertation. Here Thomas talks about the topic that he researched and his inspiration behind it: “I am a French academic and soon-to-qualify Avocat . Throughout my decade of education, I have endeavored to understand how ideas shape reality. I studied Philosophy at Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris, History and Political Science at Humboldt University of Berlin, Law at Paris-1 Sorbonne University, and International Law at Toulouse-1 Capitole, Paris-1 Sorbonne, and City University of Hong Kong. In 2020, I embarked on a PhD at CCLS under the guidance of late Dr. Daniel Behn ( Senior Lecturer in International Dispute Resolution) . Upon his untimely passing, I was fortunate to receive outstanding supervision from Dr. Remy Gerbay ( Lecturer in International Arbitration ) and Professor Stavros Brekoulakis ( Director of the School of International Arbitration and CCLS Lecturer) .

The PhD I defended on 22 nd May 2024 was prompted by the political outcry claiming that international investment treaties (such as the Energy Charter Treaty) thwart the net zero transition and prevent states from complying with international climate change law (such as the Paris Agreement, or Glasgow Pact). I decided to investigate this claim. I found it untrue. I rather establish that, instead of “clashing”, international climate change law and international investment law can complement each other.

The PhD focused on two topical questions in relation to the protection of energy investors’ legitimate expectations under investment treaties:

Can clean energy investors rely on the host states' climate change commitments to justify their legitimate expectations of receiving promised subsidies (such as tax breaks or bonuses)?
Can states rely on their climate change obligations to justify policies (e.g. progressive phase-out of the coal industry) against legitimate expectations claims from fossil fuel investors?

I found that both questions could be answered positively.

In a nutshell, I found that climate change law may find its way into the assessment of foreign energy investors' legitimate expectations based on a careful analysis of relevant case law. I uncovered that the time of the investment, the risks assumed by the investor, and the foreseeability of measures directly affect the scope of investors' expectations. Given the bearing of climate change laws on each of these factors, I contend that clean energy investors may justify their legitimate expectations to incentives on the host state’s climate change commitments. Correspondingly, fossil fuel investors' expectations of regulatory stability may face challenges under progressively stricter climate legislation.

The research is the first comprehensive assessment of the impact of international climate change law on energy investors’ legitimate expectations in investment arbitration. It informs (1) the states ability to adopt climate policies and to revoke them under international investment law, and (2) energy investors on the risks of investing in certain industries. It also contributes to the scholarship on the legal interaction between “regimes” of international law.

After years of meticulous work – discussing ideas with PhD friends, drafting and re-drafting paragraphs, fine-tuning arguments, and sculpting sentences – I was honoured to hear Julian Lew say: “We are happy to accept this as a doctoral thesis”. I am immensely thankful to CCLS, and especially to my supervisors, Dr. Remy Gerbay and Professor Stavros Brekoulakis , as well as the esteemed jury members, Professor Julian Lew and Professor Klaus Sachs, for their guidance throughout this enriching academic journey.”

IMAGES

Medical Law Dissertation Topics
List of Best Medical Law Dissertation Topics in UK 2020
Introduction to Medical Law
llm Medical Law Dissertation Topics Medical Thesis Writing Service
Dissertation Medical Law Ethics
How to Write a Dissertation Abstract in 2024

VIDEO

NVivo and Successfully Defended Dissertations
Empirical Research Based LL.M. Dissertation and Ph.D. (Law) Thesis Writing
Dissertation Day At Law School #dissertationhelp #lawstudents #lawschoolbound #lawyers #lawyerstv
Indian Environmental Law And Global Issues || Dissertation Topic for political science honours
THESIS/DISSERTATION: TIP 1
Writing My LLM Dissertation

COMMENTS

Medical Law Dissertation Topic Examples
Medical law is an interesting topic to explore for your dissertation as it draws on controversial areas such as assisted suicide and euthanasia, the Abortion Act 1967 and organ donation. The legal and ethical principles of medicine are covered which provokes all kind of engaging debates.
Medical Law Dissertation Ideas & Topics
List of Potential Medical Law Dissertation Ideas. Pro-life vs pro-choice: A Critical Analysis of the Laws Regarding Sterilization as a Population Control; A Critical Analysis of Abortion Laws from an Objective Point of View; Should More Safeguards Be Added to Permission in Assisted Suicide Legislation?
Health Law Research Guide: Suggested Topics in Health Law
A gateway to online resources, including federal, state, and international health law, health law topics, legal and medical journals and newsletters, legal and medical agencies and organizations, and relevant discussion groups. Sampling of key topics in health law. Link to the Pace Library Catalog.
LLM in Medical Law and Ethics
The 10,000 word dissertation allows you to focus on a preferred topic from within the field of medical law and ethics. Dissertations normally involve the expansion and development of issues addressed in one of your courses. Your Programme Director will be able to advise you as to whether your topic is appropriate for your programme of study.
Medical Law Review
The Medical Law Review is established as an authoritative source of reference for academics, lawyers, legal and medical practitioners, law students, and anyone interested in healthcare and the law. Find out more about the journal. Advertisement. Latest articles
49 Best Medical law dissertation topics
Some possible medical law dissertation topics could include: Patient Rights and Legal Protection : Explore the legal frameworks protecting patients' rights in healthcare, covering informed consent, privacy, and access to medical records.
Medical Ethics and Law
Medical Ethics and Law Dissertation (60 credits, studied throughout the course) The production of a 15,000 to 20,000-word dissertation provides an exciting opportunity to work under the supervision of an expert in your chosen field of interest, demonstrating a level of knowledge and understanding far beyond what you have learned in class. You ...
Legal Aspects of Medical Practice (LLM)
• Stage Two (the dissertation stage) comprises the 60-credit dissertation. ... They focus on an introduction to medical law and ethics, the role of consent and capacity in healthcare, the regulation of healthcare practices by the law and professional bodies, and the role ethics plays in legal decision-making in complex healthcare cases. You ...
Consent to medical treatment and the competent adult
In this thesis I analyse the concept of consent to medical treatment. I explore its ethical basis in autonomy and examine how other principles and ethical approaches might interact with the rules derived from autonomy. I then situate the relevant ethical obligations within the context f the healthcare professional-patient relationship which subsequently allows me to develop a textured model of ...
Medical law and ethics dissertation topics (pdf)
This type of clinical determination of ability to provide mature reasoned decision-making for health care has been recognized in state law, e.g., in Washington State. You can choose any of these good topics for your dissertation. To explore the factors helps in finding the risk associated with patients of prostate cancer and having continues to follow- up. 4.0 The importance of medical law ...
Medical Law Dissertation Topics
45 of the Most Interesting Medical Law Dissertation Topics Medical law is a field that combines two critical areas of study: medicine and law. It concerns the legal and ethical aspects of the provision of healthcare services, the regulation of healthcare professionals, the management of healthcare institutions, and the protection of patient rights.
Medical Ethics & Law / Medical Law
The MA in Medical Law focuses on various of the legal aspects of the above, with the option of studying two ethics modules. Key benefits. The most up-to-date legal and ethical scholarship applied to a wide range of issues in relation to science and medicine. For the medical law only programme, the focus is principally on legal issues.
Stanford Law School's Theses and Dissertations Collection
This series consists of dissertations produced by Stanford Law School's candidates in the Doctor of the Science of Law or the Doctor of Jurisprudence programs during the years of 1996 to 2010. Each dissertation is original research that each individual submit to a committee of Stanford law professors to prove that they add substantial ...
LLM in Medical Law and Ethics
The LLM in Medical Law and Ethics by online learning is positioned at the constantly changing interface between medicine and law. This is an interdisciplinary programme focusing on the important issues affecting medicine, law, and ethics today, within international, European, and domestic settings.
Law Dissertation Topics
Law Dissertation Topics. The law dissertation topics below were written by our expert writers, as a learning aid to help you with your studies. If you are looking for help with your law dissertation topic then we offer a comprehensive writing service provided by fully qualified academics in your field of study.
50+ Law Dissertation Topics for Students 2024
Medical Law Dissertation Topics. The medical law is binding on the medical professionals as well as on the patients. The law protects and safeguards the rights of both the parties against exploitation. The popular dissertation topics for students under the medical laws are: Laws against sex detection of the embryo
Law Dissertation Topics and Titles
Company Law Dissertation Topics. Company law, also known as the law of business associations, is the body of law that deals with business organisations and their formation, registration, incorporation, governance, dissolution, and administration. Some suggestions for company law dissertation topics are listed below:
LLM Medical Law and Ethics Degree
A Master of Laws (LLM) in Medical Law and Ethics, offered by The University of Law, is a postgraduate degree designed for law and non-law graduates to enhance your academic legal knowledge. This internationally recognised Master's is ideal if you have a qualification in medicine or ambitions of working in medical liability.
Law Dissertation Topics for LLM students
Medical Law Topics in Dissertation. Medical law dissertation is another great topic you can choose from, some of the medical law dissertation topics are: Member retention: Fair experts and cons; Miscarriage in India: A global review; Made fertilisation: Provision of primary training to find out these matters
An Examination: Medical-Law Ethics in Law School Curriculum
Through a concise analysis of the integration of medical ethics studies into law school curriculums, this dissertation aims to shed light on the transformative potential of ethical education in ...
Dissertation writing in post graduate medical education
A dissertation is a practical exercise that educates students about basics of research methodology, promotes scientific writing and encourages critical thinking. ... The National Medical Commission (India) regulations make assessment of a dissertation by a minimum of three examiners mandatory. The candidate can appear for the final examination ...
White Paper Addresses Key Issues in Legal Battles over Gender-Affirming
Professor Anne Alstott of Yale Law School and Dr. Meredithe McNamara of the Yale School of Medicine, the co-founders of The Integrity Project at Yale Law School, have co-authored a white paper with a team of international scientists that takes an expert, evidence-based approach to discussing key issues at stake in current legal battles to preserve access to health care for transgender youth.
International Public Law
The master's programme "International Public Law" is a classical master's programme in international public law. It combines elements of an academic and practice-oriented master's programme. ... of the programme who are prone to research activities continue their education in doctoral programmes and prepare their dissertation research ...
Research Repository
Graduation projects, dissertations and theses are arranged by subject and educational level. The collection of St Petersburg University Academic Press presents full texts of the University scientific journals, monographs, conference proceedings and article collections.
Legal Studies || St. Petersburg College
The American Bar Association defines a paralegal or legal assistant as "a person qualified by education, training or experience who is employed or retained by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency or other entity, and who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is responsible."
International Climate Change Law Impact on the Rights of Energy
15 July 2024. Thomas Lehman (International Investment Law PhD, 2024) is currently doing an internship at Gaillard Banifatemi Shelbaya Disputes in Paris, France. He is also working on publishing his recent PhD dissertation. Here Thomas talks about the topic that he researched and his inspiration behind it: "I am a French academic and soon-to-qualify Avocat.

Health Law Research Guide: Suggested Topics in Health Law

Suggested Topics in Health Law (A-G)

Suggested Topics in Health Law (H-I)

Suggested Topics in Health Law (M-N)

Suggested Topics in Health Law (P-Z)

Medical law dissertation topics and Research Ideas

Introduction

Good Medical Law Dissertation Topics

Hot Medical Law Dissertation Topics

Trending Medical Law Dissertation Topics

More Related Post

Paid Topic Mini Proposal (500 Words)

Get An Expert Dissertation Writing Help To Achieve Good Grades

When you have eliminated the JavaScript, whatever remains must be an empty page.

Medical Ethics and Law

Medical Ethics and Law - MA

Month of entry

Subject area

Fees for 2024/25 academic year

Duration of study

Why study Medical Ethics and Law at Keele University?

Course structure

Core modules

Entry requirements

Typical offer

South Africa

English language requirements

Personal Statement/Statement of Purpose

Recognition of Prior Learning

Professional qualifications and work experience

General information

Living costs

Planning your funding

Scholarships

Your career

Positions may include:

Teaching, learning and assessment

Teaching schedule

Induction day

How you’ll be assessed

Keele Postgraduate Association

Our expertise

Teaching team includes:

Keele University Enquiries Form

Your Preferences

Legal Aspects of Medical Practice (LLM)

Why study this course

School of Law and Politics

Admissions criteria

Criminal convictions

Course structure

Learning and assessment

How will I be assessed?

How will I be supported?

What skills will I practise and develop?

Tuition fees for 2024 entry

Fees for home status

Students from the EU, EEA and Switzerland

Fees for island status

Fees for overseas status

Financial support

Additional costs

Postgraduate loans

Alumni Discount

Career prospects

Open Day visits

Postgraduate

Postgraduate prospectus 2024

Enlighten Theses

Consent to medical treatment and the competent adult

Actions (login required)

Medical Law Dissertation Topics

Add this document to collection(s)

Add this document to saved

Suggest us how to improve StudyLib

Stanford Law School's Theses and Dissertations Collection

Title: Stanford Law School’s Dissertations, 1996 to 2010

LLM in Medical Law and Ethics

Class sizes

Terms and conditions