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• C V Raman Biography

Writing a Biographical Essay of a Historical Figure

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, was an Indian physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his work on light scattering and the discovery of a new form of scattering called Raman scattering or the Raman effect. The compositions of solids, liquids, and gases can all benefit from this effect. It can also be used to diagnose diseases and track manufacturing processes. 

Biography is an account of a person’s life by another person. It is a descriptive work written in detail. Biographical pieces can be in various forms, like a video or book and they can be of any length, like a book or an essay. An authorized biography is written with the permission of the subject and an unauthorized one is not. However, biographies of historical figures written for purely academic purposes do not require consent from the subject or people who hold the rights of consent for the subject.

Choosing the Right Level

Biographies can be written by students of all classes. The higher the class, the more details go into the essay. The biography by a fifth-grader will be smaller and less detailed than that written by a ninth-grader. The demand for making it more interesting and decorating it with aptly placed figures of speech grows with grade.

Choosing the Right Source

Biography is not fiction or a made-up story. It is the arrangement of boring dates and facts into a beautiful landscape that would be the subject’s life. For the facts to be accurate and true, trustworthy sources must be consulted, like a known book or reliable websites that contain life information.

Choosing the Right Information

Having selected the right source of information, it can get mind-boggling to choose what information to keep and what not to mention in the essay. It is better to have too much information than too little so that the best out of them can be chosen. A biography should answer some basic questions about the person. The place and date of his birth and death. Information about his immediate family. Important milestones of his life, like schooling, occupation, marriage, kids, appointments, or discoveries. His accomplishments during his lifetime. And then the legacy he leaves behind, like his impact on society or education and the historical significance.

How to Arrange the Information?

Biographies are descriptions of someone’s life, so setting the tone and making it sound interesting relies freely on the writer’s shoulders. The student can make life sound fun and lively, or gripping and intense. This is where the talent of a writer shines through, so use all of the writing tools at hand and make the best of them.

The Person Behind the Facts

The personality of the subject should shine through the essay. Select appropriate adjectives to build upon the character of the person. If interesting anecdotes highlight the kind of person he was, use them to build upon his personality.

Legacy in Conclusion

The achievement of his life and his notable works need to be mentioned, as well as how he affects posterity. In conclusion, the importance of his work and legacy should be highlighted.

It should be remembered that however tempting it feels to include interesting details and fun facts, the word limit should be kept in mind. This is what should rule which facts go and which do not in the essay. The introduction, body, and conclusion need to be clearly arranged. A biographical essay is not a story-telling spree, so the spirit of an essay should be intact.

The best essays are easy to read and the flow from one part to another is seamless. It might sound contradictory to keep a seamless flow while keeping the three parts of an essay demarcated, but it is not impossible and this is the delicate balance that can only be achieved by persistent practice. Language is not much different from Maths or Science in this aspect – practice makes perfect.

Information About C V Raman

Sir C V Raman’s birthday- November 7, 1888

Sir C V Raman’s death day- November 21, 1970

Alma mater- The University of Madras (M.A.)

Known for Raman effect

Spouse- Lokasundari Ammal (1908–1970)

Children- Chandrasekhar Raman and Venkatraman Radhakrishnan

About C V Raman’s Family and Background

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was born to a Tamil Brahmin family in Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, on November 7, 1888. Raman's forefathers were agriculturists who settled in the Tanjore district near Porasakudi Village and Mangudi. Chandrasekhara Iyer, his father, attended a school in Kumbakonam and graduated with honours in 1881. He eventually earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Physics from Tiruchirapalli's Society of the Promotion of the Gospel College in 1891. In the same college, Chandrasekara became a lecturer. He married Parvathi Ammal after passing the Matriculation exam and they had eight children: five sons and three daughters. Chandrasekaran, Raman's father, moved to Visakhapatnam when he was four years old to work as a lecturer at Mrs. A.V. Narasimha Rao College. He taught Physics, arithmetic, and physical geography at the university. Chandrasekaran was regarded as physically and mentally powerful due to his involvement in athletics, physical culture, and Indian Carnatic music, among other things. Raman, unlike his father, was not physically powerful, but he was a brilliant thinker. He excelled in school and displayed early signs of exceptional ability, receiving praise from his teachers as well as numerous prizes and scholarships. While still in school, Raman developed an interest in Physics. He once designed a dynamo on his own and was fascinated with how physical principles and machines worked. C. V. Raman graduated from high school at the age of eleven, receiving first place in the Matriculation Examination (top marks). He then enrolled in the AVN College to prepare for the Intermediate Exam. He received more accolades this time, and he received top scores on the university test. In 1903, he received a scholarship to study for a BA degree at the Presidency College in Chennai (then Madras), where he was the youngest student. At the time, the Presidency College was the best in Southern India. When Raman was in college, the majority of his professors were Europeans. Raman's interest in Physics grew even stronger during this period, and he also developed a strong liking for English. Raman earned first place in the university's BA exams in 1904, and gold medals in English and Physics. Raman's teachers encouraged him to continue his education in England, but the Madras Civil Surgeon refused, arguing that the young Raman was too weak to endure the English climate. Raman, on the other hand, completed his MA in Physics at Presidency College and did not travel abroad until he was thirty-three years old.

About C V Raman’s Early Career and Marriage

In January 1907, Raman sat for and passed his Master's examination, earning top marks and a slew of awards and prizes. While he desired to focus on science (particularly research), there were no research opportunities in India (specifically for Indians). Owing to his deteriorating health at the time, he was unable to travel to England. As a result, Raman's thoughts turned to work for the government, which is known to be clean, stable, and even prestigious. Even in this situation, he desired to enter the prestigious Indian Civil Service (ICS), the highest level of government service, but this meant training in England and taking the exam there—an option that was also ruled out due to medical reasons. The Financial Civil Service (FCS), where Raman's brother C.S. Iyer was already a member, which was his next preference. The FCS served as a forerunner to today's Indian Audit and Accounts Service. Raman passed the FCS examination in 1907 and married Lokasundari before taking up an official job. This period of his life unfolded unusually. Typically, parents arranged Indian marriages, which includes finding a suitable horoscope match for their infant. This included looking at the positions of the stars on their birth date, as well as other horoscopic statistics.  The boy and his parents then pay a visit to the girl's house to see if she likes them; during this period, the girl is normally asked to give a musical performance. The date for their marriage is fixed if all arrangements are in agreement and the girl's family provides adequate dowry. Raman's marriage went in a different direction. Mr. Ramaswamy Sivan, a freemason, theosophist, and radical thinker, was a friend of Raman's as a college student. Mr. Sivan's house was a frequent stop for Raman, and one day he heard music from an Indian classical instrument, the veena, played by Lokasundari, Sivan's sister-in-law, who was visiting from Madurai. Lokasundari was a natural at playing the veena, and Raman was instantly drawn to her. Sivan discussed this idea with Raman, who immediately accepted it since Lokasundari was of marriageable age at the time and her family was looking for a suitable groom. Raman then continued to seek permission from his parents. However, it was later discovered that Lokasundari, thought of the same caste as Raman (Brahmin), belonged to a separate subset—a match that was strictly forbidden at the time. Raman's father, who is a rather liberal man, agreed that Raman could choose his bride, even if she came from a different subset. The rest of the family, including Raman's mother, was unhappy, however. Despite these challenges, Raman followed his heart and kept on doing things his way. In mid-1907, Raman was appointed Assistant Accountant-General in Calcutta, even though he was still a teenager. His pay, including the marriage allowance, was Rs. 400 at the time. Raman and Lokasundari set out for Calcutta, the capital of British India at the time. Raman took advantage of Calcutta's vibrant and scientific environment, allowing him to fully articulate his scientific creativity—Calcutta was then regarded as the East's premier science city. Raman was sent to Nagpur and Rangoon in addition to Calcutta; no matter where he was posted, Raman still found a way to perform experiments at home.

C V Raman Contribution to Science

Raman productively used the time he had with Professor Jones while studying Physics at Presidency College, designing and creating experiments to address the boundless questions he had. Only the most basic laboratory instruments (enough for classwork) were available in the Physics lab at the time, but Raman made use of them all. Raman's questions were frequently those for which there were no answers in the literature. As a result, the nature of science came naturally to him, prompting him to perform experiments throughout his life. Raman experimented with asymmetric diffraction of light though he was well aware of light in a wave shape and the principle of diffraction. Professor Jones was given his observations on this experiment, which he collected and gave to him for feedback. Professor Jones, on the other hand, remained silent for many months. Raman was aware of the Philosophical Magazine at the time, possibly those subscribed to by the Connemara Public Library, which was about five kilometers from Presidency College (it is not certain how Raman came to know of this magazine). This paper was written in 1906, and Raman, who was only 18 at the time and had not yet graduated from high school, was the sole author with no acknowledgments. Raman's achievement was all the more remarkable because Presidency College was not a research institution, and Raman's paper was the first to emerge from there. Almost immediately after Raman's first publication, Johns Hopkins University's R.W. Wood published another. Wood later sent a cable to Nature announcing the Raman Effect's discovery. Raman left the government in 1917 to take up the newly established Palit Professorship in Physics at the University of Calcutta. Simultaneously, he continued his study at the IACS, where he eventually rose to the position of Honorary Secretary. Raman referred to this period in his career as his "golden age." At the IACS and the University of Calcutta, he was surrounded by a group of gifted students. In 1929, he presided over the 16th session of the Indian Science Congress. Raman worked on the acoustics of musical instruments in addition to his Nobel Prize-winning work on light scattering. Based on superposition velocities, he developed a theory of transverse vibration of bowed strings. In comparison to Helmholtz's method, this does a great job of describing bowed string vibration. He was also the first to explore the harmonic essence of Indian drum sounds like the tabla and mridangam. Raman was appointed director of the newly established Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bangalore in 1933. The IISc was established in 1909 with the aim of conducting original research and providing science and engineering education. Before Raman's appointment, all of IISc's directors, as well as the majority of its faculty, were British. He remained a Professor of Physics for another two years. The new government of Independent India named him the country's first National Professor in 1947. In 1948, he retired from the Indian Institute of Science and a year later founded the Raman Research Bangalore, Karnataka, where he served as director until he died in 1970.

C V Raman’s Discovery

Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his research on light scattering and the discovery of the Raman effect. The inelastic scattering of a photon is known as "Raman scattering" or "Raman effect." This phenomenon is the basis for Raman spectroscopy.

What led to C V Raman’s Invention of Raman Effect?

C V Raman Discovery of the Physics of Musical sound- Understanding the Physics of musical Sound was one of Raman's passions. The Sensations of Tone by Hermann Von Helmholtz, which he came across when he entered IACS, inspired him. Between 1916 and 1921, he researched and published a lot of his observations. Based on the superposition of velocities, he developed the principle of transverse vibration of bowed string instruments. The wolf tone in violins and cellos was one of his earliest experiments. He investigated the acoustics of various violins and related instruments, as well as water splashes and Indian stringed instruments. "Experiments with mechanically-played violins" was one of his works. C V Raman Discovery behind the Blue colour of the sea- In 1919, Raman began investigating light scattering as part of his broadening foray into optics. His first amazing discovery was the mechanics of seawater's blue colour. In September 1921, he reflected on the Mediterranean Sea's blue colour while sailing home from England on the S.S. Narkunda. He tested the seawater with basic optical instruments, including a pocket-sized spectroscope and a Nicol prism. No.56 Lord Rayleigh's explanation in 1910, "The much-revered dark blue of the deep sea has little to do with the colour of water, but is the blue of the sky seen by refraction," was the strongest of many theories on the colour of the sea. C V Raman Inventions: Most photons are elastically dispersed as light is scattered from an atom or molecule. The incident photons have the same energy (frequency) as scattered photons, and therefore the same wavelength. Excitations of optical frequencies distinct from, and normally lower than, the frequency of the incident photons scatter a small fraction of scattered light (roughly one in ten million photons). Raman scattering may occur in gas when a molecule's vibrational, rotational, or electronic energy changes. "The character of scattered radiations allows us to obtain an insight into the ultimate structure of the scattering," Raman explained. Raman published his thesis on "Molecular Diffraction of Light" in 1922, the first of a series of investigations with his collaborators that eventually led to his discovery of the radiation effect that bears his name (on February 28, 1928). In 1928, C. V. Raman and K. S. Krishnan, as well as Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam, independently identified the Raman effect. Raman's discovery was hailed by physicists as evidence of the quantum theory. The vibrational Raman effect is of primary interest to chemists. The Raman Effect was named a National Historic Chemical Landmark by the American Chemical Society in 1998, in recognition of its importance as a method for studying the structure of liquids, gases, and solids. The Raman Effect is distinct from the fluorescence mechanism. The incident light is completely absorbed in the latter case, and the system is transferred to an energetically excited state from which it can only transition to various lower states after a certain period (resonance lifetime). Both processes emit a photon with a different frequency than the incident photon, and the molecule is brought to a higher or lower energy level. However, the Raman Effect can occur for any frequency of incident light, which is a significant difference. The Raman Effect, in contrast to the fluorescence effect, is not a resonant effect.

C V Raman’s Contribution as an Author

C V Raman’s discoveries led him to write a set of books which are listed below-

Vol. 1 -Scattering of Light (Ed. S Ramaseshan)

Vol. 2 -Acoustic

Vol. 3 -Optica

Vol. 4 -Optics  of Minerals and Diamond

Vol. 5 -Physics of Crystals

Vol. 6 -Floral Colours and Visual Perception

C V Raman’s Achievements and Awards

Many honorary doctorates and memberships in scientific societies were bestowed upon Raman. He was a member of the Deutsche Akademie in Munich, the Swiss Physical Society in Zürich, the Royal Philosophical Society in Glasgow, the Royal IrishAcademy, the  Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Sciences of The Soviet Union, the Optical Society of America, and the Mineralogical Society of America, the Romanian Academy of Sciences, the Catgut Acoustical Society of America, and the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1924. He did, however, resign from the fellowship in 1968 for unknown reasons, making him the only Indian FRS to do so. In 1929, he was the President of the Indian Science Congress's 16th session. From 1933 until his death, he was the first President of the Indian Academy of Sciences. In 1961, he was elected to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.

Though still employed by the Indian Finance Service, Raman won the Curzon Research Award in 1912. While still working for the Indian Finance Service, he received the Woodburn Research Medal in 1913. The Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze in Rome awarded him the Matteucci Medal in 1928. He was knighted in 1930. The Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin, conferred him a Knight Bachelor in a special ceremony at the Viceroy's House (now Rashtrapati Bhavan) in New Delhi after his inclusion in the 1929 Birthday was postponed. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for "research on light scattering and the discovery of the phenomenon named after him."He was the first Asian and non-white person to win a Nobel Prize for Science. Rabindranath Tagore (another Indian) had previously won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913. He was awarded the Hughes Medal of the Royal Society in 1930. The Franklin Institute in Philadelphia awarded him the Franklin Medal in 1941. He received the Bharat Ratna award in 1954. (along with politician and former Governor-General of India C. Rajagopalachari and philosopher Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan). He received the Lenin Peace Prize in 1957.

FAQs on C V Raman Biography

1. What is the discovery of C V Raman about?

On a boat trip back from England in 1921, Indian physicist C.V. Raman began work on a line of research that would lead to the discovery of a new scattering effect, now known as the Raman effect, in February 1928. The Raman effect is significant in Physics and Chemistry.

2. Why write a biography about CV Raman?

Writing a biography is a good way to practice research and describe a person and his legacy to mankind. CV Raman is an apt topic for biography because he was a historical figure of great importance and his legacy in the field of Mathematics and Physics is big and easily available for research.

3. Are there ways of talking about a subject other than a biographical essay?

A biographical essay is just one of the many ways of describing a person’s life. Some other forms are a documentary, a biographical movie, the life of a person written as a play or story – it can be short or long – the options are as endless as one’s creativity. Refer to the official website of Vedantu or download the app for an elaborate explanation.

4. What are the tools that one can use to make a boring biography interesting?

Writing tools that can brighten up a boring biography are figures of speech, including relevant quotes, presenting the facts in a story-telling manner, etc

5. Was CV Raman a scientist or a mathematician?

CV Raman was a Nobel Prize-winning Physicist whose exemplary work in Optics won him a place in the annals of history.

6. C V Raman is Famous For?

The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to C.V. Raman in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman effect, in which light passing through a substance is dispersed and the wavelength of the scattered light is altered due to an energy state transfer in the material's molecules.

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C.V. Raman Biography: Early Life,Family, Education, Career, Awards and Achievements

Cv rama biography: november 7 marks the birth anniversary of the great scientist cv raman. he was a physicist, nobel laureate, and bharat ratna recipient who was instrumental in india’s growth in the fields of science and physics. let us read more about c.v. raman, his childhood days, education, family, discoveries, awards, and achievements.      .

National Science Day 2023: Every year, November 7 commemorates the birth of Indian physicist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. He discovered the Raman Effect on February 28, 1928, and for this discovery, he was honoured with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.

This article includes instances from his birth, early life, career, various achievements, and more.

C.V Raman: Biography

C.V. Raman, or Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, was born on November 7, 1888, at Tiruchirappalli in southern India. His father was a lecturer in mathematics and physics. At a young age, he was exposed to an academic environment. His contribution to science and innovative research helped India and the world. 

Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman): Early Life and Family

Dr. C.V. Raman was born on November 7, 1888, in a South Indian Brahmin family in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. His father's name was Chandrasekhara Ramanathan Iyer. He was a lecturer in mathematics and physics at a college in Vishakhapatnam. His mother's name was Parvathi Ammal.

C. V. Raman has been an intelligent student since his early childhood. At the age of 11, he passed his matriculation and 12th grade on a scholarship. In 1902, he joined the Presidency College and received his graduate degree in 1904. At that time, he was the only student who received the first division. He has a Master's in Physics from the same college and broke all the previous records.  In 1907, he married Lokasundari Ammal and had two sons, namely Chandrasekhar and Radhakrishnan.

Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman): Career

Because of his father's interest, he appeared for the Financial Civil Services (FCS) examination and topped it. In 1907, he went to Calcutta (now Kolkata) and joined as an assistant accountant general. But in his spare time, he went to the laboratory to do research at the Indian Association for Cultivation of Sciences. Let us tell you that, his job was very hectic, and he also continued his research work at night due to his core interest in science.

Though the facilities available in the laboratory were very limited, he continued his research and published his findings in leading international journals, including 'Nature', 'The Philosophical Magazine', 'Physics Review', etc. At that time, his research was focused on the areas of vibrations and acoustics.

He got an opportunity to join the University of Calcutta in 1917 as the first Palit Professor of Physics. After 15 years at Calcutta, he became a Professor at the Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore from 1933 to 1948 and since 1948, he has been the Director of the Raman Institute of Research at Bangalore which was established and endowed by him only.

Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman): Works and Discovery

He established the Indian Journal of Physics in 1926 where he was the editor. He also sponsored the establishment of the Indian Academy of Sciences and served as the President since its inception. He was the President of the Current Science Association in Bangalore, which publishes Current Science (India).

In 1928, he wrote an article on the theory of musical instruments for the 8th Volume of the Handbuch der Physik. He published his work on the "Molecular Diffraction of Light" in 1922 which led to his ultimate discovery of the radiation effect on February 28, 1928, and earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. He became the first Indian to receive a Nobel Prize.

Other research carried out by Dr. C.V. Raman was on the diffraction of light by acoustic waves of ultrasonic and hypersonic frequencies and the effects produced by X-rays on infrared vibrations in crystals exposed to ordinary light.

In 1948, he also studied the fundamental problems of crystal dynamics. His laboratory has been dealing with the structure and properties of diamonds, and the structure and optical behaviour of numerous iridescent substances like pearls, agate, opal, etc.

He was also interested in the optics of colloids, electrical and magnetic anisotropy, and the physiology of human vision.

No doubt, he was honoured with a large number of doctorates and memberships in scientific societies. In 1924, he was also elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society early in his career and was knighted in 1929.

As briefly described he is best known for discovering the 'Raman Effect' or the theory related to the scattering of light. He showed that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes its wavelength.

Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman): Awards and Honours

- In 1924, he was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society early in his career and was knighted in 1929.

- He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.

- He was awarded the Franklin Medal in 1941.

- He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1954, the highest civilian award in India.

- In 1957, he was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize.

- The American Chemical Society and the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in 1998 recognised Raman's discovery as an International Historic Chemical Landmark.

- On 28 February every year, India celebrates National Science Day to commemorate the discovery of the Raman Effect in 1928 in his honour.

In 1970, he received a major heart attack while working in the laboratory. He took his last breath at the Raman Research Institute on 21st November 1970.

Dr. C.V. Raman was one of the great legends from India whose hard work and determination made India proud and became the first Indian to receive a Nobel Prize in Physics. He proved that, if a person wants to pursue his/her desires nobody can stop. His interest in science and dedication towards research work made him discover the Raman Effect. He will always be remembered as a great Scientist, Physicist, and Nobel laureate.

Get here current GK and GK quiz questions in English and Hindi for India , World, Sports and Competitive exam preparation. Download the Jagran Josh Current Affairs App .

• Why is National Science Day celebrated? + NationalScience Day is observed on 28 February to commemorate the discovery of the 'Raman Effect'. In 1986, the Government of India designated 28 February as National Science Day (NSD). On this Day, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, also known as CV Raman announced the discovery of the 'Raman Effect' for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1930.
• When is National Science Day observed? + Every year on 28 February, National Science Day is celebrated to pay tribute to the Nobel Laureate Dr. C.V. Raman.
• When did C.V. Raman die? + Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman) died on 21 November 1970.
• When and Why was C.V. Raman awarded with Nobel Prize? + Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman) won Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him that is the Raman Effect.
• What is the full name of C.V. Raman? + C.V. Raman full name is Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. He was born at Tiruchirappalli in Southern India on 7 November 1888.
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C. V. Raman

By Anna Demming

Chronicle / Alamy

Talented and ambitious from the first, for Indian physicist C. V. Raman, winning the Nobel prize for physics was not so much a distant aspiration as a career plan. He was the first person of colour and the first Asian to receive the award, following the discovery of a light scattering effect that has since become a key characterisation tool in materials science.

Physics and academia ran in Raman’s family, where he was one of eight siblings. His father was a teacher at the local high school, later moving his family to Andhra Pradesh, where he took on a position in the faculty of physics at Mrs A.V. Narasimha Rao College. Raman’s nephew Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar also showed a flair for physics, culminating in the Nobel prize in physics in 1983.

Raman’s own proficiency in physics was recognised early on. He graduated with a BA from the Presidency College at the University of Madras in 1904 aged 16, winning gold medals in both physics and English. He published his first scientific paper as a graduate student aged 18 on “Unsymmetrical diffraction-bands due to a rectangular aperture” in the British journal Philosophical Magazine in 1906.

However, health concerns caused him to forgo the chance to pursue his research in England, and he took a post as an accountant in the Indian Finance Service in Calcutta instead.

In Calcutta, he befriended Asutosh Dey and Amrita Lal Sircar, founder and secretary of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, and Ashutosh Mukherjee, executive member of the institute and vice chancellor of the University of Calcutta. These connections provided access to the necessary resources to continue his research in his spare time.

Despite not having formally been awarded a PhD, he began acquiring research students from the University of Calcutta in 1915, and soon after from several other institutions. He finally took a full professorship at the University of Calcutta in 1917.

Although deferred, Raman did make a trip to England, where he was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1924 and knighted by the British in 1930. He later joined the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore as its first Indian director in 1933, and founded the Indian Academy of Sciences in 1934, also publishing the academy’s proceedings.

He was appointed the first National Professor by the new government following India’s independence in 1947 and founded the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore a year later, working there until the day he died in 1970.

Discovery of the Raman effect

Some of his early work centred around music and acoustics, which, in many ways, laid the path for him to later uncover some of the mechanisms behind light-based phenomena. The first of his more famous breakthroughs came during a trip to England when he was admiring the deep blue of the Mediterranean.

Through subsequent experiments, he was able to counter the prevailing explanation at the time: that the sea’s colour was merely a reflection of the sky, an explanation offered by Lord Rayleigh, whose discoveries had explained why the sky is blue. Instead, reporting in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London in 1922 , Raman explained that “molecular diffraction determines the observed luminosity and in great measure also its colour”.

From there followed his discovery of the Raman effect. It was actually his new research associate Kariamanikkam Srinivasa Krishnan who observed an additional scattering line in light scattered by certain liquids, which Raman first described as “feeble fluorescence”.

He then devised an early spectrograph to measure and photograph the intensity of light at different wavelengths, and was eventually able to conclude that “when matter is excited by light of one colour, the atoms contained in it emit light of two colours, one of which is different from the exciting colour and is lower down the spectrum”.

This “ Raman scattering ” is now understood to be caused primarily by molecular vibrations where the chemical bonds stretch and bend in a quantised fashion. Rotations of gas molecules and, in the case of incident light at X-ray frequencies, changes in electron energy can also contribute to Raman scattering.

Essentially, as the incident light bounces off the molecule, it either gives it energy to vibrate (Raman Stokes scattering) or takes energy from its vibrations (anti-Stokes) so that the scattered light has a component with a different frequency and direction. Because molecules can only vibrate in very specific ways, this scattering has a very characteristic spectrum, which describes the intensity of the light at different wavelengths.

In fact, materials scientists often liken it to a fingerprint. Raman signals are typically weak, but enhancement techniques using resonant structures and lightning rod type effects have made it easier to exploit for identifying materials.

Becoming a Nobel laureate

Never one to undersell his achievements, Raman was sure the discovery merited a Nobel prize, and was consequently a little miffed when the prize was awarded elsewhere in both 1928 and 1929. However, the following year he was so confident he would win, he booked tickets to attend the ceremony in July, four months before the award was announced. As it turns out his money wasn’t wasted. Raman was awarded the 1930 Nobel prize in physics “for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him”.

The award wasn’t without controversy as it was awarded to him alone, despite the contributions by his research associate Krishnan, as well as independent discoveries of the same effect by Russian physicists Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam at Moscow University.

A further controversy unfolded over a long upheld dispute with the German physicist Max Born over the vibration spectrum of diamond, an argument where posterity has found him in the wrong. Nonetheless, he made many significant contributions to physics, and the institutions he founded and helped establish have been integral in putting India on the map in physics . National Science Day is celebrated on 28 February each year in India to mark the discovery of Raman scattering.

Full name : Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

Born : 7 November 1888, Tiruchirappalli, southern India

Died : 21 November 1970, Bangalore, aged 82

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was an Indian physicist famous for contributions to the physics of light for which he won the Nobel prize in physics in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman effect.

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CV Raman: The Visionary Scientist

Last updated on March 11, 2024 by ClearIAS Team

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, more commonly known as CV Raman, was a pioneering Indian physicist whose work in the field of light scattering earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics. Read here to learn more about his life.

National Science Day is celebrated in India on February 28th every year since 1986 to mark the discovery of the Raman Effect by Indian physicist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman on this day in 1928.

This celebration not only commemorates Raman’s groundbreaking discovery, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 but also aims to spread the message of the importance of science and its application in the daily life of the people.

Table of Contents

The early life of CV Raman

Born on November 7, 1888, in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, Raman displayed a prodigious intellect from an early age, finishing his secondary education by the age of 11.

He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Presidency College, Madras, in 1904, and subsequently completed his Master’s in Physics in 1907.

• Despite beginning his career in the Indian Finance Department as a civil servant, Raman’s passion for science never waned.
• He conducted research at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) in Kolkata during his spare time, which led to significant discoveries in acoustics and optics.

CV Raman made his first trip to London in 1921, where his reputation in the study of optics and especially acoustics was already known to the English physicists J. J. Thomson and Lord Rutherford.

• Raman’s specialty had been the study of the vibrations and sounds of stringed instruments such as the violin, the Indian veena, and tambura, and two uniquely Indian percussion instruments, the tabla, and the mridangam.

But it was the return trip from London to Bombay aboard the SS Narkunda that would change forever the direction of Raman’s future.

• During the fifteen-day voyage, his restless and probing mind became fascinated with the deep blue color of the Mediterranean.
• Unable to accept Lord Rayleigh’s explanation that the color of the sea was just a reflection of the color of the sky, Raman proceeded to outline his thoughts on the matter while still at sea and sent a letter to the editors of the journal Nature when the ship docked in Bombay.

A short time later Raman was able to show conclusively that the color of the sea was the result of the scattering of sunlight by the water molecules.

• Ironically, it was the same argument that Rayleigh had invoked when explaining the color of the sky – the blue was the result of the scattering of sunlight by the molecules in the air.

Also read: Indian Scientists: From Ancient to Modern Era

Nobel Prize and the Raman Effect

CV Raman’s most celebrated discovery, the Raman Effect, came in 1928. It demonstrated that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes wavelength and amplitude.

• This discovery was groundbreaking because it confirmed the quantum nature of light and was the first strong evidence of the quantum behavior of molecules.
• Raman used a simple apparatus to show that when light passes through a transparent substance, it scatters, and the scattered light contains frequencies not present in the original light, a phenomenon that could not be explained by classical physics.

For this discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, becoming the first Asian and the first non-white to receive a Nobel Prize in the sciences.

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What is the Raman effect?

The Raman Effect occurs when light interacts with the molecules of a material, causing a change in the energy and wavelength of the scattered light.

• When monochromatic light (light of a single wavelength, usually from a laser) is directed at a material, most of the light scatters elastically (Rayleigh scattering), meaning it retains its original energy and wavelength.
• However, a small fraction of the light (approximately 1 in 10 million photons) scatters inelastically, either gaining or losing energy in the process. This inelastic scattering is the Raman Effect.

Stokes and Anti-Stokes Scattering

The energy change in the scattered light corresponds to the vibrational energies of the molecules in the material.

• If the scattered light loses energy (shifts to a longer wavelength), it is called Stokes scattering.
• Conversely, if the scattered light gains energy (shifts to a shorter wavelength), it is called Anti-Stokes scattering.
• The difference in energy between the incident and scattered light directly relates to the vibrational energy levels of the molecules in the sample.

The discovery of the Raman Effect was a milestone in experimental physics and quantum theory.

• It provided the first experimental evidence of the quantum nature of light and molecules, supporting the theoretical predictions of quantum mechanics.
• The Raman Effect showed that light-matter interactions could result in the exchange of energy, leading to a deeper understanding of molecular energy levels and the electromagnetic spectrum.

Application of Raman effect

In the first seven years after its discovery, the Raman Effect was the subject of more than 700 papers in the scientific literature, mostly by physicists who were using the technique to study the vibration and rotation of molecules and relating those phenomena to the molecular structure.

By the late 1930s, the Raman Effect had become the principal method of non-destructive chemical analysis for both organic and inorganic compounds.

• The unique spectrum of Raman scattered light for any particular substance served as a “fingerprint” that could be used for qualitative analysis, even in a mixture of materials.
• Raman spectroscopy could be applied not only to liquids but also to gases and solids.
• The use of Raman spectroscopy as a basic analytical tool changed sharply after World War II.
• During the war, infrared spectroscopy was enhanced by the development of sensitive detectors and advances in electronics.

Other applications:

• Material Science : It helps in characterizing materials, understanding their structure, and studying phase transitions.
• Biological Studies : Raman spectroscopy is used in the medical field to diagnose diseases, analyze biochemical changes in cells, and study drug interactions at the molecular level.
• Pharmaceuticals : It assists in drug development and quality control by identifying the molecular composition and crystalline forms of drugs.
• Environmental Science : It is employed in detecting pollutants and analyzing environmental changes.

Academic and Research Contributions

After his Nobel win, Raman’s reputation and influence grew. He served as the director of the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bangalore from 1933 to 1937.

He established the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore in 1948, where he worked until he died in 1970.

He also founded the Indian Journal of Physics in 1926, of which he is the Editor. Raman sponsored the establishment of the Indian Academy of Sciences and has served as President since its inception.

His research at these institutions spanned various domains of physics, including crystal dynamics, musical instruments, and the properties of diamonds.

Raman’s legacy is not just in his scientific discoveries but also in his role as a leader in Indian science. He was instrumental in promoting scientific research in India, inspiring generations of scientists.

Despite facing several challenges, including limited resources and recognition from the global scientific community initially, Raman’s perseverance and dedication to science shone brightly. His work laid the groundwork for numerous scientific advancements, including the study of molecular energy levels, chemical analysis techniques, and even the investigation of quantum mechanics.

Sir CV Raman passed away on November 21, 1970, leaving behind a rich legacy of scientific inquiry and discovery. His life and work continue to inspire scientists around the world, underscoring the importance of curiosity, perseverance, and the relentless pursuit of knowledge.

Related article:

• Indian Scientists
• Jagadish Chandra Bose
• Women in STEM

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Awards & Distinctions

• Honorary - 1941

Nobel Laureate and Honorary Member Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was born in 1888 in southern India. He received a B.S. in 1904 and an M.S. in 1907 from Presidency College, Madras. Because scientific research was almost completely neglected in India, Raman did not begin his career in physics. Instead, he took a civil service post in the finance department in Calcutta in 1907, and continued his scientific work in his spare time.   Over the next decade, he published some 30 papers in   Nature ,   Philosophical Magazine   and   Physical Review —which helped to make his name familiar outside of India. In 1917, he was offered a physics appointment at Calcutta University. This marked the beginning of a very productive time in Raman’s life, which he termed his “golden era.” It extended from 1917 until 1933 and included multidisciplinary research in optics, acoustics and other branches of physics.   In 1918, Raman published the first in a series of experiments on the molecular diffraction of light, which led to his 1928 discovery of the Raman Effect. Using a very simple apparatus, he found that, when a beam of monochromatic light is scattered by a transparent medium, the scattered light has weak components of changed frequency, with the shift characteristic of the substance causing the scattering. Other scientists quickly verified his published results.

Other scientific investigations included his experimental and theoretical studies on the diffraction of light by acoustic waves of ultrasonic and hypersonic frequencies and those on the effects produced by X-rays on infrared vibrations in crystals exposed to ordinary light. Raman was knighted in 1929 and awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for work on the scattering of light in 1930. He was also a member of the Royal Society of London. From 1933 until 1970, he continued his research at his laboratory in Bangalore, writing a book on the physiology of vision in 1968. He established the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore as well as the Indian Academy of Sciences and the Indian Journal of Physics.

Raman died in 1970.

The most important, the most fundamental and the deepest investigations are those that affect human life and activities most profoundly. Only those scientists who have laboured, not with the aim of producing this or that, but with the sole desire to advance knowledge ultimately prove to be the greatest benefactors of humanity.

Document Created: 26 Jul 2023 Last Updated: 28 Aug 2023

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Sir CV Raman was born in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, on November 7, 1888. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, the son of a teacher who taught physics and mathematics, was raised in an academic environment from an early age. After earning his M.A. in physics in 1907 from Presidency College, Madras, Sir CV Raman was involved in research in the area of atomic physics and optics. The first Asian to get the Nobel Prize in Physics and the first Bharat Ratna awardee, Sir CV Raman is best known for his advanced theory of the scattering of light - an inelastic theory of scattering .

Sir CV Raman and his student KS Krishnan found that the light, after passing through a transparent medium, changes its wavelength and energy during the scattering - the phenomenon is called the Raman Effect or Raman Scattering , which has various applications in spectroscopy.

Sir CV Raman and Raman Effect

Rayleigh had already established the phenomenon of the scattering of light and had provided reasons for the blue colour of the sky. But his work was based on the multi-wavelength light passing through the atmospheric gases that scatter the light of lower wavelengths. C. V. Raman established a more advanced theory of scattering.

Molecular Scattering of Light

When light is scattered by a molecule, the oscillating electromagnetic field of a photon induces a polarisation of the molecular electron cloud, which leaves the molecule in a higher energy state after the energy of the photon is transferred to the molecule.

• This is sometimes referred to as the virtual state of the molecule and can be thought of as the formation of a very brief-lived complex between the photon and molecule.
• The virtual state is unstable and the photon is reemitted almost immediately, as scattered light.
• The wavelength of the scattered photon is equal to that of the incident photon in the vast majority of scattering events because the energy of the molecule remains constant following its interaction with the photon. This is the main process and is known as elastic (energy of a scattering particle is conserved) or Rayleigh scattering .
• Sir CV Raman and his student, K. S. Krishnan, in 1928 found an inelastic scattering of photons by matter (medium), meaning that there is both an exchange of energy and a shift in the light's wavelength. This phenomenon is called the Raman Effect .
• They found that there is a shift in the energy of the scattered photons (light particles) - either energy absorption (called Stokes scattering ), resulting in a redshift, or energy release (called a nti-Stokes scattering ), resulting in a blue shift.

Importance of the Raman Effect

Although termed a very weak effect, as only one scattered particle out of a million undergoes the shift in wavelength, the Raman Effect has proved to be a significant achievement in physics due to its various applications.

• Nature of light: The Raman Effect further cemented the particle theory of light, which holds that light is composed of tiny particles known as photons.
• Proof of quantum theory: The study of the phenomenon of light scattering is one of the most convincing proofs of quantum theory.
• Applications: The Raman Effect (scattering) provides information on vibrational, rotational and low-frequency modes of energy of molecules, which are the basis of its numerous applications.

Raman Spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy is an analytical technique where scattered light is used to measure the vibrational energy modes of a sample.

• Raman spectroscopy provides chemical as well as structural information of molecules.
• Raman spectroscopy extracts this information through the detection of Raman scattering from the sample.
• Both organic and inorganic compounds can be nondestructively analysed by the Raman spectroscopy. 
• Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (RRS)
• Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)
• Micro-Raman Spectroscopy
• Non-linear Raman Spectroscopic Techniques

Other Scientific Works of Sir CV Raman

Apart from scattering of light, Sir CV Raman was associated with other scientific works. 

• Spin of photons: With Suri Bhagavantam, Sir CV Raman determined the spin of photons in 1932, which further confirmed the quantum nature of light. 
• This effect has enabled optical communication components based on laser systems through the use of modulators and switching systems.
• Study on diffraction of light: He conducted theoretical and experimental studies on the effects of X-rays on infrared vibrations in crystals exposed to ordinary light, as well as on the diffraction of light by hypersonic and ultrasonic acoustic waves.
• From 1944 to 1968, he studied the structure and characteristics of diamonds .
• In the early 1950s, he studied the structure and optical behaviour of many iridescent materials, including labradorite, feldspar, agate, quartz, opal, and pearl. 
• His last interests in the 1960s were in biological properties such as the colours of flowers and the physiology of human vision.

Honours Received by Sir CV Raman

Sir CV Raman has been honoured with a number of awards and recognitions for his contributions.

• In 1930, Sir CV Raman was conferred with the Nobel Prize in Physics. He was the first Asian to get this recognition.
• He was one of the recipients who got the Bharat Ratna for the first time in 1954 (along with S. Radhakrishnan and C. Rajagopalachari).
• Sir CV Raman was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize in 1957.
• Raman, a lunar crater, is named after Sir CV Raman.

National Science Day (NSD)

The day on which the Raman Effect was discovered by CV Raman (February 28, 1928) is commemorated as National Science Day in India.

• History: The National Council for Science and Technology Communication (NCSTC) requested that the Indian government declare February 28 as National Science Day in 1986.
• The then-Indian government agreed and announced the day as National Science Day in 1986.
• February 28, 1987, marked the first National Science Day.
• NSD 2023: "Global Science for Global Wellbeing" is NSD-2023's theme.
• The theme "Global Science for Global Wellbeing" was chosen to increase public understanding of the scientific issues in a global context that are affecting global well-being.

FAQs on Sir CV Raman

What is the raman effect, named after sir cv raman.

Sir CV Raman and his student, K. S. Krishnan, in 1928 found an inelastic scattering of photons by matter (medium), meaning that there is both an exchange of energy and a shift in the light's wavelength. This phenomenon is known as the Raman Effect.

What is the contribution of Sir CV Raman to the field of physics?

Sir CV Raman gave Raman Effect. Raman spectroscopy uses the Raman effect. He was also part of the Raman-Nath theory.

Why was Sir CV Raman awarded the Nobel Prize in physics?

On February 28, 1928, Sir C.V. Raman introduced the "Raman effect," for which he was given the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.

Which honours have been received by Sir CV Raman?

In 1930, Sir CV Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. He was the first Asian to get this recognition. Sir CV Raman was one of the recipients who got the Bharat Ratna for the first time in 1954. Raman, a lunar crater, is named after him.

Where was Sir CV Raman born?

Sir CV Raman was born in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, on November 7, 1888.

When is National Science Day celebrated?

The day on which the Raman Effect (named after Sir CV Raman) was discovered, February 28, 1928, is commemorated as National Science Day in India.

© 2024 Vajiram & Ravi. All rights reserved

Raman Effect - Biography of CV Raman, Theory and Examples

This is a complete guide on the Raman effect along with its theories, examples and illustrations.

In this, you will learn everything about the life of Chandrasekhar Venkat (CV) Raman, Raman Spectroscopy, Raman Effect and Raman Scattering in detail. Extremely useful for physics graduate and undergraduate students.

Table of Contents

About CV Raman

Sir Chandrasekhar Venkat Raman, also known as Sir CV Raman, was a Physicist, Mathematician and a Nobel Laureate. Venkat (his first name) was Tamil Brahmin and was the second of the eight children of his parents.

He was born at Thiruvanaikaval, near Tiruchirappalli on 7th November 1888 . He was the second of their eight children. His father was a lecturer in mathematics and physics which helped him aspire to careers in the same fields.

Here is how his life progressed:

• At an early age, Raman moved to Visakhapatnam.
• Started studying in St. Aloysius Anglo-Indian High School .
• After his graduation he was selected into government services where he worked for years.
• In 1917, Raman resigned from his government service and took up the newly created Palit Professorship in Physics at the University of Calcutta at the age of 28.
• On February 28, 1928 , (the reason National Science Day is celebrated in India) through his experiments on the scattering of light, he discovered the Raman effect. C. V. Raman was awarded the 1930 Physics Nobel Prize for this.
• C.V Raman & Bhagavantam, discovered the quantum photon spin in 1932, which further confirmed the quantum nature of light.

History of Raman Effect

Before 1928, infrared spectroscopy was needed to study vibrational & rotational properties of molecules. But after the discovery of this theory, molecules could be excited using visible light spectrum and their properties could be studied more conveniently.

The Raman effect was first predicted by A. Smekal (1923) and further work was done by Kramers and Heisenberg, (1925) and Dirac (1927). The first experimental evidence for the inelastic scattering of light by molecules such as liquids was observed by Raman and Krishnan in 1928.

It was recognized immediately by Raman that he was dealing with a new phenomenon of a fundamental character in light scattering, something analogous to the Compton effect.

In order to establish its identity, Raman employed a mercury arc and a spectrograph to record the spectrum of the scattered light.

He then made the startling observation that when any transparent substance (be it solid, liquid, or gas) was illuminated by a mercury arc lamp, and the light scattered by the medium was analyzed with the aid of a spectrograph, the spectrum of the scattered light exhibited over and above the lines present in the spectrum of the mercury arc light; either new lines or, in some cases, bands and generally also unresolved continuous radiation shifted from the present line to different extents. The unmodified radiation constituted Rayleigh scattering.

Raman Effect

Raman Effect refers to the change in the wavelength of light when a light beam gets deflected by molecules.

Whenever a beam of light traverses a transparent, dust-free sample of a compound, a small portion of the light emerges in directions other than that of the incident beam. This scattered light has a largely unaltered wavelength, but a small part has wavelengths different from the incident light. This phenomenon takes place because of the Raman Effect.

We can understand Raman scattering more efficiently by considering the incident light to be comprised of photons that strike the molecules of the sample. The collisions between the two are primarily elastic, and the photons are subsequently scattered with unchanged frequency and energy.

However, sometimes the molecule occasionally takes up energy from or gives up energy to the photons. As a result, the latter are scattered with reduced or increased energy and correspondingly lower or higher frequency. These changes in the frequency serve as measures of the amounts of energy involved in the transition between the initial and final states of the scattering molecule.

The Raman effect is a fairly weak phenomenon. For a liquid substance, the intensity of the affected light is possibly only 1/100,000 that of the incident beam of light. Nevertheless, every molecule produces a characteristic pattern of Raman lines, with its intensity proportional to the number of scattering molecules in the path of the light beam.

By virtue of the above property, Raman spectra find useful applications in both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Scientists have discovered that the energies corresponding to the Raman frequency shifts are actually the energies associated with transitions between various vibrational and rotational states of the scattering molecule.

Unless we are dealing with simple gaseous molecules, it is pretty tough to observe pure rotational shifts. Similarly, you won’t find discrete rotational Raman lines in liquids because of hindered rotational motions of the molecules. The Raman Effect primarily deals with vibrational transitions, which provide larger observable shifts for solids, liquids, and gases alike.

At ordinary temperatures, gases possess relatively low molecular concentration and thus produce pretty feeble Raman effects. Therefore, scientists prefer to study solids and liquids in this regard. Both physicists and chemists use the Raman Effect to obtain information about materials for different purposes by performing various forms of Raman spectroscopy.

Raman Spectroscopy

Definition: Spectroscopy is a branch of science studying the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter, with the object of determining the nature of the matter in question. The intensity (power) of this radiation as a function of wavelength, frequency, or energy is called the “spectrum”.

In contrast to other conventional branches of spectroscopy , Raman spectroscopy deals with the scattering of light & not with its absorption.

Raman Scattering

Chandrasekhar Venkat Raman discovered in 1928 that if light of a definite frequency is passed through any substance in gaseous, liquid or solid state, the light scattered at right angles contains radiation not only of the original frequency ( Rayleigh Scattering ) but also of some other frequencies which are generally lower but occasionally higher than the frequency of the incident.

The phenomenon of scattering of light by a substance when the frequencies of radiation scattered at right angles are different (generally lower and only occasionally higher) from the frequency of the incident light, is known as Raman Scattering .

The lines of lower frequencies are known as Stokes lines, while those of higher frequencies are called anti-stokes lines.

If $f$ is the frequency of the incident light & $f'$ that of a particular line in the scattered spectrum, then the difference $f-f'$ is known as the Raman Frequency. This frequency is independent of the frequency of the incident light . It is constant and is characteristic of the substance exposed to the incident light.

A striking feature of Raman Scattering is that Raman Frequencies are identical , within the limits of experimental error, with those obtained from rotation-vibration (infrared) spectra of the substance.

The Raman scattering takes place due to inelastic collision between photons and electrons. The difference in energy between incident photon and emitted photons generates Raman lines.

Advantages of Raman Effect

• Raman Spectroscopy can be used not only for gases but also for liquids & solids for which the infrared spectra are so diffuse as to be of little quantitative value.
• Raman Scattering is exhibited not only by polar molecules but also by non-polar molecules such as $O_2$, $N_2$, $Cl_2$ etc.
• The rotation-vibration changes in non-polar molecules can be observed only by Raman Spectroscopy.
• The most important advantage of Raman Spectra is that it involves measurement of frequencies of scattered radiations, which are only slightly different from the frequencies of incident radiations. Thus, by appropriate choice of the incident radiations, the scattered spectral lines are brought into a convenient region of the spectrum, generally in the visible region where they are easily observed. The measurement of the corresponding infrared spectra is much more difficult.
• It uses visible or ultraviolet radiation rather than infrared radiation.

• Investigation of biological systems such as polypeptides and the proteins in aqueous solutions.
• Determination of the structures of molecules.

Classical Theory of Raman Effect

The classic theory of Raman effect , also called the polarizability theory , was developed by G. Placzek in 1934. I shall discuss it briefly here.

When a photon interacts with a molecule it will cause the electrons and protons to move and this will induce an oscillating dipole. This dipole will then radiate photons of different frequencies.

It is known from electrostatics that the electric field $ E $ associated with the electromagnetic radiation induces a dipole moment $ \mu $ in the molecule, given by $ \mu = \alpha E $ ....... (1)

where $ \alpha $ is the polarizability of the molecule. The electric field vector $ E $ itself is given by $ E = E_0 \sin \omega t = E_0 \sin 2\pi \nu t $ ...... (2) where $ E_0 $ is the amplitude of the vibrating electric field vector and $ \nu $ is the frequency of the incident light radiation.

Thus, from equations (1) & (2), $ \mu= \alpha E_0 \sin 2\pi \nu t $ ..... (3) Such an oscillating dipole emits radiation of its own oscillation with a frequency $ \nu $ , giving the Rayleigh scattered beam. If, however, the polarizability varies slightly with molecular vibration, we can write $ \alpha =\alpha_0 + \frac {d \alpha} {dq} q $ ..... (4) where the coordinate q describes the molecular vibration.

We can also write $q$ as: $ q=q_0 \sin 2\pi \nu_m t $ ..... (5) Where $ q_0$ is the amplitude of the molecular vibration and $ \nu_m $ is its (molecular) frequency.

From equations. 4 & 5 , we have $ \alpha =\alpha_0 + \frac {d\alpha} {dq} q_0 \sin 2\pi \nu_m t $ ..... (6)

Substituting for $ alpha $ in (3) , we have $ \mu= \alpha_0 E_0 \sin 2\pi \nu t + \frac {d\alpha}{dq} q_0 E_0 \sin 2\pi \nu t \sin 2\pi \nu_m t $ ....... (7)

Making use of the trigonometric relation $ \sin x \sin y = \frac{1}{2} [\cos (x-y) -\cos (x+y) ] $ this equation reduces to: $ \mu= \alpha_0 E_0 \sin 2\pi \nu t + \frac {1}{2} \frac {d\alpha}{dq} q_0 E_0 [\cos 2\pi (\nu - \nu_m) t - \cos 2\pi (\nu+\nu_m) t] $ ...... (8)

Thus, we find that the oscillating dipole has three distinct frequency components:

• The exciting frequency $ \nu $ with amplitude $ \alpha_0 E_0 $
• $ \nu - \nu_m $
• $ \nu + \nu_m $ (2 & 3 with very small amplitudes of $ \frac {1}{2} \frac {d\alpha}{dq} q_0 E_0 $

Hence, the Raman spectrum of a vibrating molecule consists of a relatively intense band at incident frequency and two very weak bands at frequencies slightly above and below that of the intense band.

If, however, the molecular vibration does not change the polarizability of the molecule then $ (d\alpha / dq )=0$ so that the dipole oscillates only at the frequency of the incident (exciting) radiation. The same is true for molecular rotation. We conclude that for a molecular vibration or rotation to be active in the Raman Spectrum, it must cause a change in the molecular polarizability, i.e., $ d\alpha/dq \ne 0$ .......(9)

Homo-nuclear diatomic molecules such as $ \mathbf {H_2 , N_2 , O_2} $ which do not show IR Spectra since they don't possess a permanent dipole moment, do show Raman spectra since their vibration is accompanied by a change in polarizability of the molecule. As a consequence of the change in polarizability, there occurs a change in the induced dipole moment at the vibrational frequency.

Further Reading

Who was cv raman.

Sir Chandrasekhar Venkat Raman, also known as Sir CV Raman, was a Physicist, Mathematician and Nobel Laureate.

What was the first name of Raman?

Venkat was the first name of CV Raman.

When was CV Raman born?

He was born on 7th November 1888 at Thiruvanaikaval, near Tiruchirappalli in Madras (modern Tamilnadu), British India.

When was CV Raman awarded Nobel Prize?

C. V. Raman was awarded the 1930 Physics Nobel Prize for Raman Effect.

Why National Science Day is celebrated in India?

National Science Day is celebrated on the birth anniversary of CV Raman, 28 February, every year in India. It is a government-sponsored program.

What is Raman Effect?

What is spectroscopy.

Spectroscopy is a branch of physics studying the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter, with the object of determining the nature of the matter in question.

What is polarizability theory?

The classic theory of the Raman effect, also called the polarizability theory, was developed by G. Placzek in 1934. It is an extensive study of Raman’s work.

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CV Raman Essay

CV Raman represented and contributed significantly to India's scientific community as he was well-versed in philosophical thought and had an exquisite attention to detail. His discovery of the Raman Effect changed the world of science and made him the first ever Indian to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. Here are a few sample essays on ‘ CV Raman ’.

100 Words On Essay On CV Raman

200 words on essay on cv raman, 500 words on essay on cv raman.

Since his father taught physics and mathematics at AV Narasimha Rao College in Visakhapatnam, CV Raman was raised in an academic environment. Raman was a dedicated student. He enrolled in the Presidency College in Madras in 1902, and in 1904 he successfully completed his BA programme, earning first place and a gold medal in Physics. He received the highest honours when he earned his MA in 1907. His early studies in optics and acoustics—the two areas of study to which he devoted his whole professional life—were conducted while he was still a student. Raman's primary study was on musical instruments and acoustics, which helped him be elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1924.

Early Life | C. V. Raman was born in Madras Province, India on November 7, 1888 in Thiruvanaikoil, Tiruchirappalli. His full name was Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. He was the son of Parvati Ammal and R. Chandrasekhara Ver. His father taught physics and mathematics at Presidency College in Madras. His early studies in optics and acoustics were conducted while he was still a student. Raman began working for the Indian Finance Department in 1907 after finding that a scientific career did not appear to give the best opportunities at the time. Raman found opportunities to do experimental research in the lab of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences in Calcutta, despite his office duties consuming the majority of his time.

Accomplishments | The advancement of science in India was influenced by the work of Indian physicist C. V. Raman. In 1930, he became the first Indian scientist to receive the prestigious Nobel Prize in Physics. His discovery is commonly referred to as the "Raman effect" or "Raman scattering," which is the inelastic scattering of a photon. He received numerous honorary doctorates and memberships in prestigious scientific institutions. He passed away in Bangalore on November 21, 1970, at the age of 82. In India, National Science Day is observed on February 28 every year to commemorate the day that Indian scientist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman discovered the Raman phenomenon.

CV Raman was the first Indian and Asian to be awarded the Physics Nobel Prize. Most importantly, he accomplished this while India was not well-known in the scientific community.

The Raman Effect

In 1928, while researching how light refracts in different materials, he discovered that when a transparent substance is lit by a beam of light of a particular frequency, a small amount of the light exits at right angles to the original direction, some of which is of a different frequency from the incident light. The energies connected to changes in rotational and vibrational states in the scattering material were named as Raman frequencies. In short, the Raman effect, discovered by C.V. Raman, occurs when light that shines through a material is scattered and its wavelength varies from that of the original incident light due to interactions with the molecules in the substance.

Academic Contribution

Raman received his knighthood in 1929, and in 1933 he relocated to the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore to take over the physics department. He was appointed the Raman Research Institute's director there in 1947, and in 1961 he was elected a member of the Pontifical Academy of Science. He helped establish almost all Indian research institutions during his lifetime, founded the Indian Journal of Physics and the Indian Academy of Sciences, and mentored hundreds of students who went on to hold significant positions in academic institutions and government in India and Myanmar (Burma).

His Work and Achievements

After spending 15 years in Calcutta, he moved to Bangalore to work as a professor at the Indian Institute of Science (1933–1948), and in 1948 he was appointed director of the Raman Institute of Research, which he had founded and endowed. The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences appointed him as Honorary Secretary. In 1926, he also started the Indian Journal of Physics, serving as its Editor. Raman supported the creation of the Indian Academy of Sciences and presided over it. He also served as the president of the Bangalore Current Science Association. Raman had produced credible work in his discipline, and the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences published his early autobiographies. These addressed the maintenance of vibrations and the theory of violin-family musical instruments. He presented a paper on the "Molecular Diffraction of Light" in 1922, marking the beginning of a series of studies with his associates that eventually resulted in the discovery of the radiation effect, which bears his name. He won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for this work. He and Suri Bhagavantam made the quantum photon spin discovery in 1932.

Raman lost consciousness in his lab at the end of October 1970. He pulled through and requested to be moved from the hospital to his institute's grounds. On November 21st, 1970, he passed away. His life served as an example of how hard work, dedication, and patience can lead to success. A new era of higher science began with him, and he set the example for others to follow.

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Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

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Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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A short biography of C. V. Raman

Published by prakrsinha on January 19, 2021 January 19, 2021

A short biography of C. V. Raman: C. V. Raman or (Sir Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman), was born on 7 November 1888 Trichinopoly Madras presidency  British India ( Tamil Nadu ,  India ). The innovative work of this legend from India, within the sphere of scattering of sunshine, earned him a reward in Physics in 1930.

Raman studied in St. Aloysius Anglo- Indian High school in Vishakhapatnam. Raman completed his metric education at 11 and intermediate at the age of 13 years in 1902. Raman joined Presidency College in Madras (now Chennai).where his father (Chandrasekhar Ramanathan Iyer) had been transferred to teach mathematics and physics. There Raman got a B.A. (Bachelorof Arts) degree from the University of Madras in Physics. There he was awarded a laurel wreath in physics, later in 1907 he completed his M.A. (Master of Arts) with the highest distinction.

His brother (Chandrasekhar Subrahmanya Ayyar ) joined The IFS (Indian Finance service) which is that the foremost honorable government service in India, which is now called Indian Audit and Account service. He started his career working in an exceedingly government sector, but in 1917 he left that job because at that time India wasn’t independent so Britishers weren’t supporting Raman to go further within the field of Physics, but after independence, in 1948 he founded his institute named “Raman research Institute where he did all his researches. Raman also contributed greatly to IACS (Indian Association of the cultivation of the science).

What is Raman Effect?

C.V. Raman was on a Ship, while he was going he saw that the color of the water is blue but he knew that water is transparent i.e. we can see through it and light can completely pass through it. After coming from the trip he did research on it and he found the reason behind this and later it was called Raman Effect.

Raman scattering, change in the wavelength of light that occurs when a light beam is deflected by molecules or atoms. When a beam of light transverse a dust-free, transparent sample of a chemical compound a little fraction of the light emerges in directions other than that of the incident (incoming).His effect is feeble in liquid compound. A short part, however, has wavelengths different from that of the incident light; its presence is a result which is called Raman Effect.

Awards and Honors

•  He was given Curzon Research Award in (1912), while he was working in Indian Finance Services.
• He was awarded Franklin Medal in (1941), in Franklin Institute which is in Philadelphia.
• In 1954 he was awarded Bharat Ratna.
• In 1957, he was awarded the Lenin Peace prize
• In 1930, he received the Hughes Medal of the Royal Society.
• In 1928, he received the Matteucci from the Academia in Rome.
• In 1930, Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman was given Nobel Prize in Physics. He was given this award because he has Discovered the “Raman Effect of Scattering of light’’. Before him, Rabindranath Tagore was awarded Nobel Prize in Literature.

He experienced a major heart attack at the end of October in 1970, while he was working in a laboratory. After this major heart attack, he was referred to a hospital where he lived for few days, he refused to stay there further and when he was counting his last breathe he arranged a meeting with the professors of his institute. And he died in the garden of Raman research institute.

Written by: Pranjal Gautam (Class VIII)

Mike Foley · January 20, 2021 at 11:53 am

Very good written on Sir Raman and I am happy that Small age students are encouraged in writing articles. Keep it up !!!

Pranjal · January 20, 2021 at 11:54 am

THANK YOU SIR,

Naitik · January 20, 2021 at 5:56 pm

nice Article !!! (:

Alex · January 20, 2021 at 7:05 pm

It was really great. Research work is awesome

Navya · January 20, 2021 at 7:36 pm

Great article….Would like to see more articles from you:)

Navya · January 20, 2021 at 7:40 pm

Great article….Would like to see some more educational articles from you… 🙂

Aditya · January 21, 2021 at 5:58 pm

Bro nice article on C.V. Raman 👍👍👍👏👏👏 Keep it up !!!!

Mayank · January 23, 2021 at 5:10 pm

Very Nice written Article !!! OOOOPPPPP!!!

Mayank · January 23, 2021 at 5:12 pm

Very Nice written Article !!! OOOOPPPPP!!! Very good Keep it up

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🗒️CV Raman Biography: Life, Family, Education, Awards and Achievements

• Updated on  
• Nov 4, 2023

Sir Chandrashekhar Venkata Raman ( CV Raman ) was born on 7 November 1888 in Tiruchirappalli, India. He made tremendous contributions in the field of physics for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize. CV Raman’s father was a lecturer of mathematics and physics. Hence, watching him get involved in science , Raman also developed an interest in the field of physics. He acquired his higher education in Physics from the Presidency College, Chennai in 1904. CV Raman is famous for his discovery of the scattering of light which is popularly known as Raman’s Effect. Stay tuned and read this article to know more about CV Raman Biography!

Also Read: Importance of Technology in Education

CV Raman Biography

Dr CV Raman was an intelligent scientist who was born on 7 November 1888. He was involved in academics from his childhood. His father, Chandrasekhara Ramanathan Iyer was a lecturer and his mother was a homemaker. They both supported him in his higher education.

In 1907, Raman married Lokasundari Ammal. He had two sons who were also great at studies. CV Raman once said that his wife was his greatest critic and supporter, whereas his children were the source of inspiration. He became a teacher and dedicated his life to teaching and mentoring young scientists at the Indian Institute of Science where is served as a Director from 1933 to 1948.

CV Raman Education 

CV Raman acquired his higher education from the Presidency College, Madrad in 1902 and obtained his bachelor’s degree in physics ( BA ) in 1904. He secured first place and won the gold medal in physics. Post graduation he completed an MA degree in physics in 1907 with the highest distinctions. CV Raman has researched in the field of optics and acoustics and gave the most popular discoveries i.e. scattering of light.

In 1907, he joined the Indian Finance Department and while working he took out time to conduct experimental research in the labs of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science at Calcutta.

In 1917, he earned the Palit Chair of Physics at Calcutta University. He also served as a Professor at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore (1933-1948) and then, he became the director of the Indian Institute of Science. 

Also Read: MSc Physics

Awards and Achievements 

CV Raman’s great contributions in the field of science and technology have inspired many young scientists. He also became the first Indian physicist to win the Nobel Prize. Some of his awards and achievements are listed below:

• Nobel Prize in Physics (1930)
• Bharat Ratna (1954)
• Lenin Peace Prize (1957)
• Hughes Medal of the Royal Society (1930)
• Matteucci Medal (1928)
• Franklin Medal (1941)
• Knight Bachelor (1930)
• Fellow of the Royal Society (1924)
• Woodburn Research Medal (1913)
• Curzon Research Award (1912)

Also Read: Why Sky is Blue in Colour?

Relevant Blogs

CV Raman was an Indian physicist born at Tiruchirappalli on 7 November 1888. His father was a lecturer of mathematics and physics so his efforts inspired him to get into the science stream. He was the discoverer of the scattering of light. 

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was the first Indian to win a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his famous work on the scattering of light also referred to as the Raman effect.

CV Raman got married to Lokasundari Ammal.

For more information on such interesting topics, visit our Important Days website and follow Leverage Edu .

Kajal Thareja

Hi, I am Kajal, a pharmacy graduate, currently pursuing management and is an experienced content writer. I have 2-years of writing experience in Ed-tech (digital marketing) company. I am passionate towards writing blogs and am on the path of discovering true potential professionally in the field of content marketing. I am engaged in writing creative content for students which is simple yet creative and engaging and leaves an impact on the reader's mind.

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Sir C.V. Raman Lesson Summary and Explanation in English Class 8th

Back to: Karnataka Board Class 8th Notes & Solutions

Table of Contents

Sir C.V Raman

This chapter outlines the meaningful life time of Sir C.V. Raman. It consists of an overview of his passion for science, his dedication in everything he did, his accomplishments and his kind-heartedness.

Early life 

Sir C.V. Raman was a brilliant researcher. He was awarded the  Nobel Prize  for his work on  light scattering and the discovery of the Raman Effect . The government offered him 25 acres of land to continue his research. Sir C.V. Raman’s  dream child  was the  Raman Institute .

He was born in Trichy on November 7th, 1888. He was born to  Chandrasekhar Iyar  and  Parvathi Ammal . His father worked as a physics professor at Hindu College in Vishakhapatnam. Raman was a student there. Since his childhood, he was fascinated by science. He had built the model ‘ dynamo’  when he was a child. Several college students lent him science books to read. Unfortunately, he was very prone to falling sick, which held him back from working on what he desired, sometimes.

He secured a  First Class  in his  Matriculation exams  when he was  12 years old . He enrolled in  Presidency College however, his relatives urged him to abandon science in favour of B.A. to specialize in history and economics. Raman, on the other hand,  majored in Physics  and  received the I rank , as well as a number of awards in his B.A. In January 1907, he completed his M.A. in Physics.

He planned to go to  the United Kingdom  for further science studies after completing his M.A. However, he was unable to attend due to his ill health. This deeply disappointed him. In 1907, he was appointed  Deputy Accountant General in Calcutta  after securing first place in his competitive exams. His entire family was ecstatic to hear the news. But Raman felt like a  fish out of water  (not comfortable in a situation) in his new position. He remained hopeful and awaited an opportunity to pursue his dream of becoming a scientist. 

Accomplishments

Despite his position as Deputy Accountant General, he interacted with scientists and developed an interest in science. After noticing a scientific banner on the train, he stepped off to meet the scientists. He hurriedly went to examine at a  piece of Modern Scientific apparatus  after learning that a university had purchased it. 

Calcutta’s Posts and Telegraphs  appointed him  Special Accountant General  in 1911. But he gave up that opportunity and enthusiastically grabbed the chance to become a  Professor at Calcutta University . He was then appointed  Director of the Indian Institute of Science  in  Bangalore  after 15 years of service. Founded in 1948, the  Raman Research Institute  is a non-profit organisation dedicated to advancing the science of Sir Raman. He resigned from the position at Indian Institute of Science and rose through the ranks of the  Research Institute  to the position of Director.

Sir C.V Raman was a man of character

He was a wonderful and dedicated scientist. When he was at work, he would forget about food and relaxation, and his wife had to constantly remind him that his breakfast or coffee was turning cold. He was inspired by the beautiful  blues of the Mediterranean Sea  and began researching the  laws of light scattering in liquids , eventually discovering the Raman Effect. In 1930, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for this work. 

Raman was a moral man. He helped a villager in exchanging a burned 100 Rupee note for a fresh one while serving as the Deputy Accountant General. Because of his honesty, Raman once allowed an applicant to the Raman Research Institute despite the fact that he failed the test. 

Raman won several awards and medals. In 1929,  King George V knighted him  and titled him Sir C.V. Raman. He holds  Doctorates  from a numerous university. In 1954, the Indian government honoured him with the  Bharat Ratna . He was also felicitated with the  International Lenin Prize by the Soviet Union.

Thus, we understand, that his best trait was his unwavering dedication towards science and research, which helped him not only achieve worldwide reputation but also raise the prestige of India.