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Stephen Hawking: Questioning The Universe at TED (Full Transcript)

• April 2, 2016 11:49 am July 24, 2024 1:11 am
• by Pangambam S

Here is the full text and summary of Stephen Hawking’s talk titled “ Questioning The Universe “ at TED Talks conference.

Listen to the MP3 Audio here:

TRANSCRIPT: 

There is nothing bigger or older than the universe. The questions I would like to talk about are: one, where did we come from? How did the universe come into being? Are we alone in the universe? Is there alien life out there? What is the future of the human race?

Up until the 1920s, everyone thought the universe was essentially static and unchanging in time. Then it was discovered that the universe was expanding. Distant galaxies were moving away from us. This meant they must have been closer together in the past. If we extrapolate back, we find they must have all been on top of each other about 15 billion years ago. This was the Big Bang, the beginning of the universe.

But was there anything before the Big Bang? If not, what created the universe? Why did the universe emerge from the Big Bang the way it did? We used to think that the theory of the universe could be divided into two parts. First, there were the laws like Maxwell’s equations and general relativity that determined the evolution of the universe, given its state over all of space at one time. And second, there was no question of the initial state of the universe.

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Speech on Space

Space, the vast expanse above us, is a mystery waiting to be unraveled. It’s a place where stars twinkle and planets orbit, far beyond what your eyes can see.

You might wonder about the black void you see at night. It’s not empty but filled with galaxies, each teeming with billions of stars just like our sun.

1-minute Speech on Space

Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, imagine a place that’s always changing, always expanding, and full of secrets yet to be discovered. That place is space, the final frontier of exploration.

Now let’s talk about the beauty of space. When astronauts look back at Earth from space, they don’t see any borders or countries. They see one planet, beautiful and fragile, suspended in the darkness. Space shows us that we are all connected, all living on the same tiny blue dot.

But space is more than just beautiful, it’s useful too. Satellites in space help us predict the weather, navigate our world, and even watch our favorite TV shows. This proves how space exploration can make our lives on Earth better.

Finally, space is the future. Someday, we might be able to live on other planets or meet beings from other worlds. By learning about space, we are opening doors to endless possibilities.

Space is vast, beautiful, useful, and full of potential. It’s our final frontier, a place that will always have new things to teach us, and new places to explore. Let’s look up at the stars and dream big, because in space, anything is possible. Thank you.

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2-minute Speech on Space

Good day! Let’s talk about something that’s been sparking human curiosity for centuries. It’s big, it’s vast, it’s full of mysteries – it’s the universe! Space, as we call it, is an endless expanse, much like an infinite dark blanket, sprinkled with bright stars.

In the first place, let’s discuss the stars in the sky. You see them every night, sparkling like little diamonds. They look tiny to us, but they’re actually gigantic balls of gas, burning a very, very long way away. Our very own Sun is also a star. It’s the closest one to us, and that’s why it appears so big and bright. Stars are important because they provide light and heat. They’re like the streetlights of the universe.

Next, let’s talk about something really exciting – space travel. Astronauts are brave explorers who get to go on amazing adventures in space. They travel in spacecraft and sometimes live in space stations, like the International Space Station. They do important work, like studying the effects of living in space and conducting experiments that help us understand more about our universe. Some astronauts have even walked on the moon!

Finally, let’s think about the future of space exploration. Scientists are working on ways for humans to live on other planets, like Mars. Can you imagine that? Living on a different planet! And who knows what else we might discover in the vastness of space. There could be other life forms out there, maybe even civilizations like ours.

Space is a truly fascinating subject. There’s so much we don’t know yet, and that’s what makes it so exciting. Every day, scientists are discovering new things about our universe. And who knows? Maybe one day, some of you will become those scientists, or even astronauts, exploring the unknown and making amazing discoveries. So, let’s keep looking up at the stars and dreaming about the endless possibilities that space holds for us. Thank you!

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What is the Universe?

The universe is everything. It includes all of space, and all the matter and energy that space contains. It even includes time itself and, of course, it includes you.

Earth and the Moon are part of the universe, as are the other planets and their many dozens of moons. Along with asteroids and comets, the planets orbit the Sun. The Sun is one among hundreds of billions of stars in the Milky Way galaxy, and most of those stars have their own planets, known as exoplanets.

The Milky Way is but one of billions of galaxies in the observable universe — all of them, including our own, are thought to have supermassive black holes at their centers. All the stars in all the galaxies and all the other stuff that astronomers can’t even observe are all part of the universe. It is, simply, everything.

Though the universe may seem a strange place, it is not a distant one. Wherever you are right now, outer space is only 62 miles (100 kilometers) away. Day or night, whether you’re indoors or outdoors, asleep, eating lunch or dozing off in class, outer space is just a few dozen miles above your head. It’s below you too. About 8,000 miles (12,800 kilometers) below your feet — on the opposite side of Earth — lurks the unforgiving vacuum and radiation of outer space.

In fact, you’re technically in space right now. Humans say “out in space” as if it’s there and we’re here, as if Earth is separate from the rest of the universe. But Earth is a planet, and it’s in space and part of the universe just like the other planets. It just so happens that things live here and the environment near the surface of this particular planet is hospitable for life as we know it. Earth is a tiny, fragile exception in the cosmos. For humans and the other things living on our planet, practically the entire cosmos is a hostile and merciless environment.

How old is Earth?

Our planet, Earth, is an oasis not only in space, but in time. It may feel permanent, but the entire planet is a fleeting thing in the lifespan of the universe. For nearly two-thirds of the time since the universe began, Earth did not even exist. Nor will it last forever in its current state. Several billion years from now, the Sun will expand, swallowing Mercury and Venus, and filling Earth’s sky. It might even expand large enough to swallow Earth itself. It’s difficult to be certain. After all, humans have only just begun deciphering the cosmos.

While the distant future is difficult to accurately predict, the distant past is slightly less so. By studying the radioactive decay of isotopes on Earth and in asteroids, scientists have learned that our planet and the solar system formed around 4.6 billion years ago.

How old is the universe?

The universe, on the other hand, appears to be about 13.8 billion years old. Scientists arrived at that number by measuring the ages of the oldest stars and the rate at which the universe expands. They also measured the expansion by observing the Doppler shift in light from galaxies, almost all of which are traveling away from us and from each other. The farther the galaxies are, the faster they’re traveling away. One might expect gravity to slow the galaxies’ motion from one another, but instead they’re speeding up and scientists don’t know why. In the distant future, the galaxies will be so far away that their light will not be visible from Earth.

Put another way, the matter, energy and everything in the universe (including space itself) was more compact last Saturday than it is today.

Put another way, the matter, energy and everything in the universe (including space itself) was more compact last Saturday than it is today. The same can be said about any time in the past — last year, a million years ago, a billion years ago. But the past doesn’t go on forever.

By measuring the speed of galaxies and their distances from us, scientists have found that if we could go back far enough, before galaxies formed or stars began fusing hydrogen into helium, things were so close together and hot that atoms couldn’t form and photons had nowhere to go. A bit farther back in time, everything was in the same spot. Or really the entire universe (not just the matter in it) was one spot.

Don't spend too much time considering a mission to visit the spot where the universe was born, though, as a person cannot visit the place where the Big Bang happened. It's not that the universe was a dark, empty space and an explosion happened in it from which all matter sprang forth. The universe didn’t exist. Space didn’t exist. Time is part of the universe and so it didn’t exist. Time, too, began with the big bang. Space itself expanded from a single point to the enormous cosmos as the universe expanded over time.

What is the universe made of?

The universe contains all the energy and matter there is. Much of the observable matter in the universe takes the form of individual atoms of hydrogen, which is the simplest atomic element, made of only a proton and an electron (if the atom also contains a neutron, it is instead called deuterium). Two or more atoms sharing electrons is a molecule. Many trillions of atoms together is a dust particle. Smoosh a few tons of carbon, silica, oxygen, ice, and some metals together, and you have an asteroid. Or collect 333,000 Earth masses of hydrogen and helium together, and you have a Sun-like star.

For the sake of practicality, humans categorize clumps of matter based on their attributes. Galaxies, star clusters, planets, dwarf planets, rogue planets, moons, rings, ringlets, comets, meteorites, raccoons — they’re all collections of matter exhibiting characteristics different from one another but obeying the same natural laws.

Scientists have begun tallying those clumps of matter and the resulting numbers are pretty wild. Our home galaxy, the Milky Way, contains at least 100 billion stars, and the observable universe contains at least 100 billion galaxies. If galaxies were all the same size, that would give us 10 thousand billion billion (or 10 sextillion) stars in the observable universe.

But the universe also seems to contain a bunch of matter and energy that we can’t see or directly observe. All the stars, planets, comets, sea otters, black holes and dung beetles together represent less than 5 percent of the stuff in the universe. About 27 percent of the remainder is dark matter, and 68 percent is dark energy, neither of which are even remotely understood. The universe as we understand it wouldn’t work if dark matter and dark energy didn’t exist, and they’re labeled “dark” because scientists can’t seem to directly observe them. At least not yet.

How has our view of the universe changed over time?

Human understanding of what the universe is, how it works and how vast it is has changed over the ages. For countless lifetimes, humans had little or no means of understanding the universe. Our distant ancestors instead relied upon myth to explain the origins of everything. Because our ancestors themselves invented them, the myths reflect human concerns, hopes, aspirations or fears rather than the nature of reality.

Several centuries ago, however, humans began to apply mathematics, writing and new investigative principles to the search for knowledge. Those principles were refined over time, as were scientific tools, eventually revealing hints about the nature of the universe. Only a few hundred years ago, when people began systematically investigating the nature of things, the word “scientist” didn’t even exist (researchers were instead called “natural philosophers” for a time). Since then, our knowledge of the universe has repeatedly leapt forward. It was only about a century ago that astronomers first observed galaxies beyond our own, and only a half-century has passed since humans first began sending spacecraft to other worlds.

In the span of a single human lifetime, space probes have voyaged to the outer solar system and sent back the first up-close images of the four giant outermost planets and their countless moons; rovers wheeled along the surface on Mars for the first time; humans constructed a permanently crewed, Earth-orbiting space station; and the first large space telescopes delivered jaw-dropping views of more distant parts of the cosmos than ever before. In the early 21st century alone, astronomers discovered thousands of planets around other stars, detected gravitational waves for the first time and produced the first image of a black hole.

With ever-advancing technology and knowledge, and no shortage of imagination, humans continue to lay bare the secrets of the cosmos. New insights and inspired notions aid in this pursuit, and also spring from it. We have yet to send a space probe to even the nearest of the billions upon billions of other stars in the galaxy. Humans haven’t even explored all the worlds in our own solar system. In short, most of the universe that can be known remains unknown .

The universe is nearly 14 billion years old, our solar system is 4.6 billion years old, life on Earth has existed for maybe 3.8 billion years, and humans have been around for only a few hundred thousand years. In other words, the universe has existed roughly 56,000 times longer than our species has. By that measure, almost everything that’s ever happened did so before humans existed. So of course we have loads of questions — in a cosmic sense, we just got here.

Our first few decades of exploring our own solar system are merely a beginning. From here, just one human lifetime from now, our understanding of the universe and our place in it will have undoubtedly grown and evolved in ways we can today only imagine.

Next: The Search for Life: Are We Alone?

• The Universe

The Universe is everything we can touch, feel, sense, measure or detect. It includes living things, planets, stars, galaxies, dust clouds, light, and even time. Before the birth of the Universe, time, space and matter did not exist.

The Universe contains billions of galaxies, each containing millions or billions of stars. The space between the stars and galaxies is largely empty. However, even places far from stars and planets contain scattered particles of dust or a few hydrogen atoms per cubic centimeter. Space is also filled with radiation (e.g. light and heat), magnetic fields and high energy particles (e.g. cosmic rays).

The Universe is incredibly huge. It would take a modern jet fighter more than a million years to reach the nearest star to the Sun. Travelling at the speed of light (300,000 km per second), it would take 100,000 years to cross our Milky Way galaxy alone.

No one knows the exact size of the Universe, because we cannot see the edge – if there is one. All we do know is that the visible Universe is at least 93 billion light years across. (A light year is the distance light travels in one year – about 9 trillion km.)

The Universe has not always been the same size. Scientists believe it began in a Big Bang, which took place nearly 14 billion years ago. Since then, the Universe has been expanding outward at very high speed. So the area of space we now see is billions of times bigger than it was when the Universe was very young. The galaxies are also moving further apart as the space between them expands.

Story of the Universe

• Extreme life
• In the beginning
• The Big Bang
• The birth of galaxies
• What is space?
• Black Holes
• The mystery of the dark Universe
• Cosmic distances

A collection of TED Talks (and more) on the topic of Universe.

Video playlists about Universe

Mind-bending questions from physics

The lights and sounds of the universe

How we study space

Are we alone in the universe?

Talks about universe.

My search for proof aliens exist

3 mysteries of the universe — and a new force that might explain them

Something weird is happening in our galaxy

Whoever builds something here will be rich beyond measure

The battle that formed the universe

What the discovery of exoplanets reveals about the universe

The marvels and mysteries revealed by the James Webb Space Telescope

How to build for human life on Mars

The Boltzmann brain paradox

The search for the invisible matter that shapes the universe

Humanity's search for cosmic truth and poetic beauty

How the James Webb Space Telescope will unfold the universe

We could kick-start life on another planet. Should we?

Can you solve the Big Bang riddle?

Life-altering questions about the end of the universe

The fingerprints of life beyond Earth

Geography Notes

Universe: essay on our universe | geography.

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Here is an essay on ‘ Our Universe’ for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Our Universe’ especially written for school and college students.

Essay on Our Universe

Our Universe contains 176 billion (one billion = 100 crores) constellations (group of stars) and each constellation includes hundreds of billion stars. Universe consists, constellation, in which Sun exists, is so big that from the core of constellation, light takes around 27 thousand years to reach up to sun. The solar system which is part of Milky Way galaxy is in disc-shaped spiral form.

Essay # 1. Sun:

Sun rotates round its axis from West to East. About 99.85% mass of solar system lies with sun only whereas planets constitute – 0.135%, comets – 0.01%, satellites – 0.00005%, dwarf planets – 0.000002%, shooting stars – 0.0000001% and inter planetary medium consists of 0.0000001% of the rest of mass.

Sun is not stationery and completes one rotation round its own axis in 25 days. One rotation of sun takes 25 days (of Earth) if observed from the equator while if we observe it from its poles, each rotation of sun takes 36 days. The rotation of sun was observed by Galileo first of all.

Sun is source of light, heat, energy and life on our Earth. Normally looking pale, this spherical ball of fire has 13 lakh multiples more volume than that of Earth and 3.25 lakh times more weight. Pressure of gaseous material on its centre is 200 billion multiples more than the pressure of air, Earth experiences while density of gases is 150 times more than that of water. Temperature of sun is 50 lakh degrees Kelvin (one Kelvin is equal to one degree on Celsius scale).

Hydrogen in form of Plasma turns into Helium at this temperature. This fusion gives birth to energy. The quantum of such produced energy may be imagined from the fact that fusion produced energy in one second is more than as much mankind has used on Earth till date. This fusion is continuous process on the surface of Sun.

Gravity of Sun is 28 times more than that of earth and black spots visible on sun are actually very powerful magnetic regions. Each magnetic regions of sun is more than 10 thousand times more powerful than magnetic power of Earth. Actual size of each black spot may be lakhs of square kilometers. Temperature at photosphere of sun is only 6000° Kelvin while ends of chromospheres experience it 10 thousand degree.

At corona this temperature varies from 10 lakh Kelvin to 50 lakh Kelvin. Continuous winds blow at the surface of sun at speed of 800 to 900 kilometer per second and these may prove dangerous for Earth at times. These winds have their fatal effect on Ionosphere. Solar storms disturb communication system on Earth. Many a times, power grids get destroyed or seized because of disturbance at the surface of Sun.

Optical telescope at Udaipur and Kodyekanal along with Radio telescope at Pune keep continuous watch over happenings related to Sun.

Essay # 2. Planets:

Planet is a Greek word which means, Wanderer. All the planets are spherical and are total eight in number.

We can group these planets in two, that is:­

a. Inner Planets:

Inner planets are those planets which are nearer to sun as compared to others. Secondly their relief constitution includes rocks and metals. These planets are known as terrestrial planets also. Namely these planets are; Mercury, Venus, Earth & Mars.

b. Outer Planets:

Outer planets are beyond asteroids and are constituted of gases, popularly known as Gas Giants. These are; Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

The planets do not have any light of their own but these illuminate by reflecting sunlight and are visible at night. In the sequence of their distance from sun, these may be retented from initial alphabets of words in this sentence; My Very Efficient Mother Just Served Us Nuts.

i. Mercury:

This planet is not only smallest one but also lies closest to Sun. It does not have atmosphere of its own and is engulfed by blasts taking place because of Sun. Its core is made of iron and has this part larger than crust.

It is presumed that this crust reduced due to some comet accident. Mercury lies some 579 million (57crore 90 lakh) kilometer away from Sun and its average temperature varies between 420°C during day to -180°C at night.

It completes its revolution around Sun in 88 days while takes 58 days and 16 hours to complete its one rotation on its axis. Galileo founded Mercury in 1631 which has no satellite.

This is a rocky celestial body like Earth and second planet if counted serial vise from Sun. It completes its revolution round sun is 224.7 days while takes 243 long days to complete its rotation round its own axis from East to West.

All the other planets rotate around their axis from West to East. This hottest planet is second most glittering celestial body, first being the Moon. Also known as sister planet of Earth, Venus resembles to it in shape, size and gravity.

It has a number of volcanoes just like Earth and its surface has been formed because of volcanic eruptions. Its atmosphere consists of Carbon dioxide (96.5%) and Nitrogen. That is why it is called ‘Veiled planet’ also. Venus lies nearly 1082 million kilometers away from Sun.

iii. Earth:

Our mother planet’s name has not been derived from Greek or Roman language but from old English and Germanic. According to International Astronomical Union (IAU) biggest among Inner planets, Earth is only planet which has Geological activity taking place in its core.

Its atmosphere is also quite different to that of other planets as it consists of 77% Nitrogen and 21% Oxygen which gives it a name of ‘blue planet’. Earth is only planet where life exists. Situated nearly 14.96 crore kilometers away from sun.

The earth completes a rotation round its axis in 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.09 seconds (approximately 24 hours) while to revolve around the sun, it takes 365 days 5 hours and 48 minutes. It has a satellite named Moon.

Known as the Red Planet, Mars is fourth planet of our solar system as counted from Sun. Its soil has very rich iron content and because of Ferrus content it looks red. As far its rotation on axis is concerned, it has similarity with Earth and it supports various seasons also.

Mars is a cold planet which has thin atmosphere. Its one rotation on its axis is completed in 24 hours, 37 minutes and 23 seconds while its revolution against sun takes 687 days. Having two satellites, Mars is placed around 2279 lakh kilometer away from sun.

The success of India to plant its Orbiter in orbit of Mars in its just first attempt has made it a pioneer and an exceptional one. Mars is only planet other than Earth which has ice-caps on its poles which have been named as Planum Boreum (North Pole) and Planum Australe (South Pole) or Southern Cap. The spacecraft that reached in the orbit of Mars is named 440 Newton Liquid Apogee Motor (LAM).

v. Jupiter:

First beyond the Asteroids, Jupiter is fifth planet of our solar system and is the biggest planet. This planet is one of the Gas Giants and has 1280 kilometer wide atmosphere composed of gases like Methane, Ammonia, Hydrogen and Helium.

It revolves around the sun in anti-clockwise direction and completes one revolution in 12 years. Its rotation on its axis is very fast and completes one in just 10 hours causing severely blowing winds.

These winds look like multi-coloured cloud belts. Jupiter is tilted on its axis at 3.1° and has more than 60 satellites. Most of the satellites are unknown for mankind as far information about them is concerned.

vi. Saturn:

The sixth from sun and second largest planet in solar system is Saturn. Situated some 1,431 million kilometers (More than 143 crore km) away from Sun, it is constituted of iron and nickel principally. Completing its rotation on its axis in 10 hours and 41 minutes, it makes one revolution around Sun in 29.5 years.

Its swift rotation gives rise to winds at the speed of 1800 kilometers per hour. Speed of winds on Saturn is higher than that on Jupiter but lesser than that on Neptune. There are nine rings around Saturn which from three arcs around it. These rings are made of frozen ice and rocks. It has around 62 satellites and biggest among them is Titan which is almost double the size of Moon. The atmosphere of Titan is thicker than that of Earth.

vii. Uranus:

This is seventh planet of our Solar System and third largest planet. Its size is 63 multiples bigger than earth but in weight it is only 14.5 multiples than that of Earth. Constituted of gases, Uranus has coldest atmosphere as compared to all the planets and has an average temperature of 223°C. Many layers of clouds are found on Uranus.

Higher cloud formation consists of Methane gas while lower formation consists of water. Speed of winds on this planet is 250 meters per second while it is tilted at 97.77° on its axis. Revolving round sun in anti-clockwise direction, it completes one revolution in 84 years while for completing one rotation around its axis, it takes 10 hours and 48 minutes.

viii. Neptune:

Neptune resembles to Uranus as seen in the Solar System. But it is smaller than Uranus and its surface is more condense. Presence of Methane gas makes it look green. Winds blow at speed of 2100 kilometers per hour in the atmosphere of this planet.

The planet consists of around 900 full circles and various incomplete arcs. Situated approximately 4,498 million kilometer away from Sun, it completes one rotation its axis in 16 hours and a revolution around sun in 164.8 years. Neptune has 13 satellites while Triton and Neried are two main satellites.

There are various dwarf planets in our solar system, out of which only five have been recognised.

1. Pluto (Earlier know as ninth planet, was declared dwarf in August, 2006)

4. Make make

Essay # 3. Satellites:

Satellites are of two types, manmade and natural. Satellites are actually celestial objects that revolve around some other celestial object. Natural satellites rotate on their axis also. They neither have atmosphere nor light of their own but due to reflection of sunlight, they look illuminated.

Manmade satellites are made of aluminium or plastic and are hardened with help of carbonic sheets. They travel at the speed which is 10 to 30 multiples more than that of an aircraft. Humankind has been benefitted extremely by manmade satellites in fields of telecommunications, weather forecasting, geological activities and atmospheric activities among other fields. India fired its first satellite named Arya Bhatt in 1975 and since then, we have sent more than 75 satellites into the orbit.

Moon is natural satellite of our Earth. It is around 3,84,403 kilometers away from Earth and takes 27.3 days to complete its revolution around Earth. As yet mankind has touched only this celestial body i.e. Moon on 21st July 1969. Atmosphere of Moon is so thin that it weighs only 104 kilograms and gravity is only one sixth part of the gravity of Earth.

Essay # 4. Asteroids or Planetoids:

These are too smaller than planets of Solar System but bigger than Asteroids. These celestial bodies revolve round the sun in anti-clockwise direction. These rocky bodies are numerous and most of these are concentrated between Mars and Jupiter. Five of them namely Ceres, Pallas, Vesta, Hypiea and Euphrosyne have been recognised. European Space Agency has found water vapour on Ceres on 22nd January, 2014.

Essay # 5. Comets:

The word comet is derived from Latin word ‘Stella Cometa’ which means ‘hairy star’. These celestial bodies were part of sun earlier and are made of frozen gases, ice and small rocky substances. Head of comet is 16 million kilometers in diameter and is followed by cloud of misty substance looking like a tail.

This tail is also lakhs of kilometer long. Tail is never towards sun facing side of comet and shines with rays from Sun. Comet which passed through Solar System was first seen in 1705 and it passes close to sun after every 75.5 years. English scientist Edmond Halley founded it and it was therefore named Halley’s Comet.

Comets are being traced regularly. Their total number was 5,186 in August, 2014. Halley’s Comet was seen in 1910, then in 1986 and next it shall be sighted in 2062. Nucleus of Halley’s Comet is 16 x 8 x 8 kilometers and it is the darkest object in solar system. This comet is periodical one and may be sighted at specific intervals but all the comets are not periodical.

Essay # 6. Meteors or Meteorites:

One can see a streak of star light in the sky sometimes, it gives an impression that any part of star has broken away. These are actually meteorites. Parts of meteorites that remain unburnt and reach our Earth in small parts are named as meteorites.

When these enter the atmosphere of Earth, burn out immediately and vanish in shape of ash most of times. A part of Arizona desert in U.S. is known to have come into form due to striking of some meteor. There are, however, various principles about formation of meteors. Some thinkers part them parts of planet which has vanished while others say these are parts of Sun, Earth and Moon only.

Indian Museum at Kolkata is known for preserving remains of meteors. Biggest such museum in Asia, it has 468 meteor parts. Their study has concluded that meteors are made of metals like iron, nickel, aluminium, oxygen and tin.

These get attracted towards Earth because of gravity of Earth. On April 21, 2013 a meteor shower was observed in many parts of the world in which more than 20 shooting stars were seen within an hour. This shower is known as Orionid Meteor Shower. Such wonderful sights are very common in our solar system.

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Learn to Speak the Language of the Universe With This Mindblowing New Book

Magnitude helps you imagine the outer limits of time, speed and distance—without breaking your brain

When you spend all your time talking about the universe, there are a few questions you end up getting a lot. Namely: How big? How far? How old? How fast?

Kimberly Arcand and Megan Watzke, both science communicators for NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory, get those questions all the time—at talks, events, or via email and social media. So last year, they decided to answer them in the most engaging way possible. In a visually stunning book called Magnitude: The Scale of the Universe  they explore the full range of scales we’ve measured in our Universe in four main sections covering: Quantities, Rates and Ratios, Phenomena and Process, and Computation.

Their project harkens back to Powers of Ten , the 1977 short film that illustrated the scale of the universe by starting from a picnic on a Chicago lakeside, and periodically expanding the frame by a factor of ten.

“Eames Demetrios, the grandson of Charles and Ray Eames who made the original 'Powers of Ten' film, argues that understanding scale is a form of literacy. And I think he’s absolutely right,” Watzke tells Smithsonian.com. “If you want to become literate in a foreign language, you can start with some common phrases. From there you can add more words, grammar, etc. Over time you can build fluency. We hope that people can use Magnitude as a starting point to learn how to ‘speak’ scale and gain a deeper understanding and comfort level with it over time.”

The illustrations in the book are by Katie Peek, a former astrophysicist who later transitioned to data visualization and science journalism. “The look was an iterative process,” Peek says. “The core of the book—Megan and Kim's idea—was to move from the very small to the very big in about ten steps for each chapter. One of my favorite innovations in the layout came from [the design company] Alexander Isley. They created a lovely progression of illustration sizes in each chapter, so the small values begin with a narrow picture, and the large values have a much bigger picture. It's a subtle nod to what Kim and Megan set out to achieve.”

Magnitude is a journey across time and space, the familiar and the unfamiliar. Best of all, it’s meant for curious people of all ages and interests and expertise levels, not just scientists. “It’s something you can pick up for just a few minutes and get a glimpse of a topic, or do a deeper dive into the book at a longer stretch,” says Arcand.  Get a taste for yourself by exploring selected pages from the book. Explanations and units are below; click the page for a larger view.

Distance:  Measured in meters (m).

The range of distances humans have measured spans 40 orders of magnitude. Starting with the wavelength of the first gravitational wave signal detected by LIGO in February 2016 (10 x 10^18m) and ending with the distance to the farthest galaxy ever detected (1.25 x 10^26m). [That distance record was broken by the Hubble Space Telescope in March 2017, after the book went to print]. 

The longest bridge in the world is located in China and spans 160 kilometers. You would need 400 Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridges end-to-end to cross the Atlantic ocean at its narrowest point from southwest Senegal in West Africa to northeastern Brazil in North America. 

Time:  Measured in seconds (s)

We’ve measured time over more than 55 orders of magnitude. Did you know that in the time it takes a hummingbird to beat its wings once, your body can produce 25,000 red blood cells? Furthermore, during the 2016 Olympic games, Usain Bolt’s set a new world record for the 100-m race, completing it in 9.81 s. In that same amount of time, the same hummingbird would have beaten its wings almost 800 times. 

Temperature:  Measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

The coldest human-made) temperature we’ve ever recorded on Earth was in a laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where researchers cooled sodium molecules to 0.00000005 K (or 500 nanokelvins). The coldest natural temperature recorded (at ground-level) was 184 K, as measured at Vostok Station in easter Antarctica in July 1983. Vostok is also the source of the ice cores that provide historical temperature and CO2 records on Earth for the past 400,000 years. As you read this, your average body temperature is twice as warm as the temperature recorded at Vostok Station. 

Speed:  Measured in meters per second (m/s).

Ever heard the phrase "slow as watching the grass grow”? Arcand and Watzke have quantified that for you. It turns out that grass grows at 2 x 10^-8 m/s, or 2 to 6 inches per month, which somehow seems faster than it should. Returning to Usain Bolt, his fastest speed ever recorded was 12.4 m/s in the 100-m sprint at the 2009 World Championships in Berlin, Germany. Unfortunately for Bolt, the fastest animal on Earth, the cheetah, can run the same event in less than half the time at a top speed of 27 m/s. Interspecies Olympics anyone? 

Density: Measured in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m^3).

The more mass you can pack into a given space, the higher the resulting density. While space is often described as a vacuum, it’s not completely void of mass. If you average out all the mass both condensed into stars, planets, rocks and dust with the vast amount of space between them, you get an average of 3 x 10^-27 kg/m^3. That’s roughly less than one atom per cubic centimeter. Looking at planets in our own Solar System, at 687 kg/m^3, Saturn is less dense than water so it would theoretically float in an astronomically large bathtub. Humans are 1.4 time denser than Saturn at an average of 965 kg/m^3, but we float in bathtubs, rivers, lakes and oceans too because (fresh) water has density of 1000 kg/m^3. Now I really want to take a bath with in space. 

Rotation:  Measure in Hertz (Hz), aka rotations per second (1/s). 

Rotational speed tells how long it takes a given object to turn once on its axis. We are most familiar with Earth’s rotational speed, roughly once every 24 hours, which translates to 0.0000115 Hz or 1000 times slower than a vinyl record. The highest performance cars in the world (Formula One) have engines that run up to 250 Hz, that’s 15,000 RPM. But even faster than that are the tiny molecular motors that propel E. Coli bacteria around your large intestine, which rotate at 270 Hz. If you hold really still, maybe you can feel them racing around in there.

Magnitude: The Scale of the Universe

In Magnitude, Kimberly Arcand and Megan Watzke take us on an expansive journey to the limits of size, mass, distance, time, temperature in our universe.

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Speech On Solar Systems And Planets for Children And Students in English

February 8, 2024 by Prasanna

Speech On Solar Systems And Planets:  Our solar system consists of the Sun, the planets, and many other terrestrial bodies. There are many satellites, some are natural satellites like the moon, and some are human-made. The solar system is full of discoveries.

The universe has more than 500 solar systems, and our solar system is present inside a Milky Way Galaxy. There are many more fun facts about the solar system, which are unknown to us. It will take 1.3 million planets of the size of the Earth to fill the volume of the Sun, that is how much massive the Sun is.

Students can also find more  English Speech Writing  about Welcome Speeches, Farewell Speeches, etc

Long And Short Speeches On Solar Systems And Planets for Kids And Students in English

We are providing a long Speech On Solar Systems And Planets of 500 words and a short Speech On Solar Systems And Planets of 150 words with ten lines about the topic.

These speeches will help the students of schools and colleges to deliver a Speech On Solar Systems And Planets in speech competitions or general occasions in their educational institutes for the students, teachers, and other guests.

A Long Speech On Solar Systems And Planets is helpful to students of classes 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. A Short Speech On Solar Systems And Planets is helpful to students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

Long Speech On Solar Systems And Planets 500 Words In English

Good Morning to my respected Principal, my teachers, and everyone present here.

Today, I got the opportunity to discuss one of my favorite topics- the solar system and planets. From a very young age, the stars, galaxies, moons, and solar systems have amazed me. It has intrigued me with questions about their very existence. Where are they situated? What are their structures comprised of? So, today I will be explaining the solar system and its family of planets.

Our solar system came into existence 4.6 billion years ago. It was formed due to the gravitational collapse of a part of a molecular cloud. A shockwave by an exploding star named Supernova caused the molecular cloud made of interstellar gas and dust to collapse. That is how the creation of the solar system occurred.

As we all know, the solar system comprises the star, known as the Sun, along with a trail of planets. All of the planets are bound together by the force of gravity. It also consists of dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, meteors, and comets. The Sun, which is the star of the solar system, comprises 98% of all the materials present in the solar system. Its gravitational force is very high because of its size. The surface temperature of the Sun is 6000 degrees Celsius that increases to 20 million in the interior layers.

The Sun forms the central body of the solar system around which all the planets revolve in their respective orbits. The planets comprise of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Yes, I have not mentioned Pluto since Pluto is now considered a ‘dwarf planet.’ These planets revolve around the Sun, maintaining their respective speeds. The solar system is divided into two parts. The inner part has the Sun, Mercury, Venus Earth, and Mars. The remaining planets form a part of the outer solar system. The asteroid belt lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

The smallest planet of the solar system is Mercury, which is also the closest planet to the Sun, whereas the giant planet in the solar system is Jupiter.

An interesting fact about Jupiter is that it is surrounded by twelve satellites. Venus is considered as Earth’s twin as they share a similar size, mass, and density. Out of all the planets, only Earth can sustain life, thus rightly named the “blue planet.” The Earth has a natural satellite, the Moon revolving eastwards. According to various astronomers, there is some possibility of life in Mars after Earth, the only planet with life. Saturn has three rings of ice that makes it unique from the other planets. Uranus moves around the Sun tilting at an angle of 90-degree. Let me say a fun fact about Neptune. Neptune was detected as a planet by mathematical calculations.

I would end my speech here and thank my Principal and teachers for giving me this opportunity to speak on one of my favorite topics.

Short Speech On Solar Systems And Planets 150 Words In English

Good Morning Everyone.

I am glad to stand before all of you to express my experience in the field of astronomy. I am sure; the solar system is always a fascinating topic for everybody.

When you want to learn about galaxies, planets, and solar systems, it is essential to learn about the physical factors of the solar system.

The most elemental concept about the solar system is that it contains eight planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. The Sun is made up of 98% hydrogen.

Earth is the only planet where we can find water, and it helps the living creature to be alive. There are many fascinating facts about the solar system, like the Milky Way galaxy, asteroids, and meteors, etc.

I would recommend if you are interested to learn about the solar system, then you should read as many books as possible to make you knowledgeable about the solar system.

10 Lines On Speech On Solar Systems And Planets In English

• Every substance in the solar system revolves around the Sun. The Sun is a star that is a massive hot gas that gives us heat and light.
• There is a total of 8 planets that orbit around the Sun.
• Mercury is the closest planet of Sun, and Neptune is the farthest one.
• Jupiter is the giant planet, and the smallest planet is Mercury.
• Earth only has a supportive environment for living creatures.
• When the Earth orbits around the Sun, it rotates as well. For a complete rotation, Earth takes one day.
• For completing one circuit, Earth takes 365 days around the Sun. It is what we call a year.
• The whole universe consists of at least 100 billion galaxies in it.
• Due to gravity, we all can stick to the surface of the Earth. There is a magnetic force, where the Earth keeps on attracting the objects towards the surface.
• Moon orbits around the Earth, not the Sun.

FAQ’s On Speech On Solar Systems And Planets

Question 1. What is the distance of the Sun from the Earth?

Answer: Sun is 93 million miles away from the Earth. The sunlight takes only 8 minutes to travel the surface of the Earth.

Question 2. Which planet is known as the red planet?

Answer: We call the planet Mars as the red planet. The reason behind this is that the rocks of Mars are red. It is the closest planet from the Sun.

Question 3. Which is the hottest and the coldest planet of the solar system?

Answer: Venus is the hottest planet of the solar system with a temperature of 460°C, and the coldest planet is Uranus, which is -220°C.

Question 4. What is a ‘Great Red Spot’?

Answer: In Jupiter, which is the biggest planet on the solar system, there is a storm that is bigger than Earth, which has been blowing for hundreds of years. It is known as ‘Great Red Spot.’

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English Essay on “Our Universe” English Essay-Paragraph-Speech for Class 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 CBSE Students and competitive Examination.

Our Universe

We have all seen stars twinkling at night. Thousands and thousands of them are seen on a clear and cloudless night. They are millions and millions of kilometres away from us.

The sun is the nearest star which is 1,43 800 kilometres away. Many of the stars have their own system of planets moving around them just as there are planets around the sun. For a long time man has been observing stars and has found interesting things about them.

Apart from the stars there are other bodies in the sky which give out steady light. They are the planets. Planets do not produce any light of their own but they only reflect the sunlight.

Earth is one of the planets circling round the sun. The sun with all its planets form the solar system. They are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus Neptune and Pluto. Mercury is the nearest planet to the sun while Pluto is farthest away. The earth is the third planet from the sun.

Apart from planets, there are moons, moving around the planets. Like the planets the moons also reflect only the sunlight. Our earth has one moon. Saturn has nine moons and Jupiter has twelve moons.

The earth was once a large ball of burning gases. This hot cloud of gases spun around for many million years. It became slowly cooler and it hardened. It slowly became fit enough for lives to grow and flourish. The molten metals and gases are still lying in the centre of the earth. When they are able to exercise pressure to come out we have the volcanoes.

Earth is the third planet from the sun, rotating itself and moving around the sun what is known as its orbit. So also every planet has its own orbit around the sun. The earth moves around the sun at a speed of 96,000 kilometers per hour. The earth’s crest is made up of rocks.

The earth’s axis is slightly tilted. Seasons are caused by this tilting of the earth’s axis and the revolution of the earth round the sun. Seasons affect the lives of plants, animals and men.

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Essay, Paragraph or Speech on “Our Universe” Complete Essay, Speech for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.

Our Universe

The Universe consist of innumerable stars, galaxies, nebulae and other celestial bodies.

Galaxy —A galaxy is a huge congregation of millions of stars held together by its own gravitational field. Based on structure they are classified into three types—Spiral galaxies, Elliptical Galaxies and Irregular galaxies.

Spiral Galaxies

There is a greater concentration of old stars in the centre, whereas younger stars are concentrated in the arms.

Elliptical Galaxies

Elliptical galaxies constitute about 2/3 of all galaxies consisting of old stars

Irregular Galaxies

Irregular galaxies comprise of 1/10 of all galaxies consisting of only young stars.

Milky Way (which is our galaxy) and Andromeda are spiral galaxies. The large Megellanic Cloud and the Small Magallanic Cloud are the two nearest galaxies to our galaxy Milkyway.

Local Group —Local group is the group/cluster of 23 galaxies of which Andromeda and the Milky Way are the largest.

Nebulae— Nebulae is steller system of luminous bodies made up of gas and dust particles. Orion Nebulae exists in our Milky Way galaxy.

Constellations— Constellations are the clusters of stars which are organised into distinct shapes and figures and named accordingly. Hydra is the largest constellations in the Universe.

Asteroids —Asteroids are the series of planets or fragments of planets. They lie between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars and number nearly about 40000 to 45000. Ceres is the largest Asteroid in the Universe. Its length is nearly about 1000 km. Asteroids move around the sun in the same ways as the planets do.

Comets —Comets are the huge clouds of frozen gases existing in the outer cold fringes of the solar system. A comet has three parts viz., Centre Coma and Tail. A comet has an eccentric orbit and definite periodicity, for example Halleys Comet appears after every 76 years. The central part of a comet consists of dust and particles; when it gets closer to the sun, the tail originates but is away from the sun.

Meteor —Meteors are the scattered remains of comets lying in the interplanetary space. When they come in contact with Earth’s atmosphere. They start burning due to friction. The meteors which are burnt to ash completely are known as Meteors or shooting stars. Thus Meteors are also called shooting stars.

Meteorites —When the scattered remains of comets lying in the interplanetary space do not get burnt completely after coming into contact with Earth’s atmosphere. They are called meteorites. They strike the earth in the form of rock; for example the Allan Hills 84001 meteorite which threw light on the possibility of life on Mars when it struck the Earth in the form of rock.

Quasars— Quasars are the matters in the Univers which appear small but emit more energy than the stars in the Milky Way.

The Sun and Nine Planets— The solar system which consist of the sun, nine planets and their satellites constitute a very small part of the galaxy—Milky way. The planets in Solar System are divided into types viz., inner or terrestrial planets having higher densities such as Earth, Mars, Venus and Mercury and outer planets having lighter densities such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Of all inner or terrestrial planets the earth is the largest. The outer planets (i.e. Jupiter, Saturn) being big are also called Giant Planets.

The Sun —The sun is mainly composed of hydrogen, its surface (visible) is known as photophere above the ptotosphere, the red coloured chromosphere lies and beyond chromosphere is the portion called corona. The temperature of pholosphere is 6000°C and that of chromosphere is 32400°C. The temperature of corona is 2700000°C. Sun spots are the dark patches on the surface of the sun. Fraunhofer are dark line on the corona. Solar winds are outward flowing stream of protons from corona. It is van Allen belt which shield us from solar winds by deflecting solar winds. Sun takes 250 million years to take a complete revolution around its centre known as cosmic year.

Planets : At a Glance

Planets                                             Characteristic Features                          Number of Satellites

• Mercury No Atmosphere has Rocks, many No satellite  craters Temp 170°C to 400°C
• Venus (brightest hottest) Atmosphere is mostly carbon No satellites  dioxide, vast plains and high mountains,  temp-500°C.
• Earth (Blue Planet) Atmosphere mostly is nitrogen and Oxygen, 1 satellite (moon)  Surface covered with water. Temp-15°C.
• Mars (Red Planet) Thin Atmosphere with Carbon 2 Satellites Phobos & Deimos dioxide and nitrogen. There are polar ice caps and dry river beds on surface. Temp-100°C to 30°C.
• Jupiter Atmosphere mostly hydrogen and helium. No solid surface, Temp-125°.                 16 satellites 4 largest satellites & Europa Garymede Callists
• Saturn Atmosphere mostly hydrogen and 18 satellites, only Titan helium. No solid surface. visible. Av. Temp. 180°.     
• Uranus Atmosphere mostly hydrogen 1 satellite and helium. No solid surface. Temp —225°C.
• Neptune Atmosphere mostly hydrogen. 18 satellites No solid surface. Temp —220°C.
• Pluto Atmosphere mostly methne; surface 8 satellites is solid. Temp is —23°C.

Earth at A Glance

• Estimated Age 4600 million years
• Mean Distance to the Sun 14,95,03,923 km.
• Mean Distance to the Moon 381597.5 km.
• Polar Diameter 12713.8 km.
• Mean Diameter 12735.3 km.
• Equatorial Circumference 40,075 km.
• Mass (in metric tons) 597, 90,00,00,0000000000000
• Period of Revolution 365 day 5 hrs. 48 min. and 46 seconds
• Speed of Revolution 10716 km./hour
• Perod of Rotation 23 hours, 56 minutes.
• Speed of Rotation 1610 km./hr.
• Total Area 510066000 sq. km.
• Land Area 14,84,29000 (29.1%)
• Water Area 361637000 sq. km. (70.9%)
• Volume 10,83,230 x 106 Cubic km.
• Population 6 billion

Equator —Equator is an imaginary line around the earth at an equal distance from the North and South Poles.

Equinox —One of the two time in the year (around 20 March and 22 September) when the sun is above the equator.

Meridian —One of the lines that is drawn from the North pole to the South pole on a map of the world. All meridians are halves of great circle and contain 180 of arc. They are spaced farthest at equator and converg to a common points at poles.

Latitude —The distance of place north or south of the equator measured in degree.

Longitude —The distance of a place east or west of the Greenwich Meridian (which crosses London, England).

Rotation —The spining movement of the earth from west to east on its axis in 24 hours is called rotation of earth.

Revolution —The movement of earth around the sun in a fixed elliptical orbit or path is called revolution. It is completed within 365 1/4 day.

Great Circle —Any hypothetical circle on earth’s surface the plane of which passes through earth’s centre dividing it into two equal halves : northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere.

Small Circle —Any imaginary or hypothetical circle made by a plane passing through the centre. Tropic of capricorn (23° 3°S) and Tropic of Cancer (23° 30N) are small circle.

Solastice —One of the dates in year (21 or 22 June in summer on the Tropic of Cancer and December 21 or 22 in winter on tropic of Capricorn) on which the sun reaches its greatest height north or south of the equator and is directly overhead along one of the tropics.

International Date Line —The 180th meridian is the International date line

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Essay on our universe: definition, stars and solar system.

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Essay  on Our Universe: Definition, Stars and Solar System!

When we look at the sky, we see different kinds of natural bodies like the sun, the stars, the moon, and so on. The natural bodies in the sky are called celestial bodies or heavenly bodies. They are part of our universe. The universe is a huge space which contains everything that exists. The celestial bodies that we see are just a small fraction of the bodies that exist in the universe. One of the reasons why we do not see more of them is that they are very, very far away.

To measure the large distances in the universe, scientists use a unit of length called the light year. A light year is the distance travelled by light in one year. Light travels 9.46 trillion km in a year (one trillion is 1 followed by 12 zeroes).

One light year represents this huge distance. Proxima Centauri, the star closest to our solar system, is 4.2 light years from us. This means that light from this star takes 4.2 years to reach us. In this article, we shall learn a bit about stars and our solar system. But before that, let us see how the universe was formed.

Scientists believe that the universe was born after a massive explosion called the ‘big bang’. A long time after the big bang, stars like our sun were formed. At that time, clouds of hot gases and particles revolved around the sun. Over time, many particles got stuck together to form large bodies. These bodies pulled in smaller objects near them by gravitational force. This made them larger still. These bodies finally became the planets.

Away from the lights of the city, you can see thousands of stars in the night sky. You can also see some planets and their moons, either with the naked eye or with the help of a telescope. These celestial bodies are different from the stars in one important way. Stars are celestial bodies that produce their own heat and light. Planets and their moons shine by reflecting the light of a star such as our sun.

All stars are huge balls of hydrogen and helium gases. In a star, hydrogen gets converted into helium. In this reaction, a large amount of energy is liberated. This is the source of the heat and light of a star. Stars vary in brightness and size. Some are medium-sized, like our sun. Some are so huge that if they were to be placed in our sun’s position, they would fill the entire solar system!

There are trillions of stars in the universe. They occur in groups called galaxies. The gravitational force between stars keeps the stars of a galaxy together. Apart from stars, a galaxy may have other celestial bodies like planets and moons. So you can say that a galaxy is a group of stars and other celestial bodies bound together by gravitational force.

The distribution of the stars in a galaxy can give it a shape such as spiral, ring or elliptical. Our sun is a part of a spiral galaxy called the Milky Way Galaxy. This galaxy is named after the Milky Way. The Milky Way is a band of stars that we can see on a clear night. These stars are a part of our galaxy. The ancient Romans called this band of stars Via Galactica, or ‘road of milk’. That is how our galaxy got its name.

Constellations :

As the earth moves round the sun, we see different stars at different times of the year. In the past, people found many uses for this. For example, they would get ready for sowing when particular stars appeared in the sky. Obviously, it was not possible for them to identify each and every star. So, they looked for groups of stars which seem to form patterns in the sky. A group of stars which seem to form a pattern is called a constellation.

Ancient stargazers made stories about the constellations and named them after the animals, heroes, etc., from these stories. So constellations got names like Cygnus (swan), Leo (lion), Taurus (bull), Cancer (crab), Perseus (a hero) and Libra (scale). You can see many of these constellations on a clear night.

The Great Bear (Ursa Major) is one of the easiest constellations to spot. You can see it between February and May. Its seven brightest stars form the shape of a dipper (a long-handled spoon used for drawing out water). Together, these stars are called the Big Dipper or Saptarshi. These and the other stars of the constellation roughly form the shape of a bear.

The two brightest stars of the Big Dipper are called ‘pointers’ because they point towards the pole star. The pole star lies at the tail of the bear of a smaller constellation called the Little Bear (Ursa Minor).

To find the north direction, ancient travellers would look for the Big Dipper and from there, locate the pole star. While all stars seem to move from the east to the west (as the earth rotates in the opposite direction), the pole star seems fixed. This is because it lies almost directly above the earth’s North Pole [Figure 13.3 (c)].

Orion (the Hunter) and Scorpius are two other prominent constellations. There are different stories linking them. According to one, the mighty hunter Orion vowed to kill all the animals of the world. Alarmed at this, the Earth Goddess sent a scorpion to kill Orion. He ran away, and continues to do so even now. This story takes into account the fact that Orion goes below the horizon when Scorpius rises. Orion rises again only when Scorpius sets.

Remember that constellations are imaginary. For our convenience we have picked a few stars that resemble a pattern and called them a constellation. On the other hand, galaxies are real things in which stars and other celestial bodies are held together by gravitational force.

The Solar System :

The sun is the brightest object in the sky. It is huge. It is about 333,000 times heavier than the earth, and you could fit more than a million earths inside it! Its great mass causes a large gravitational force. This keeps the sun, the planets, their moons and some other smaller bodies together as the sun’s family. The sun and all the bodies moving around it are together called the solar system. All the members of the solar system revolve around the sun in almost circular paths, or orbits.

After the sun, the planets are the largest bodies in our solar system. Scientists define a planet as a round body that orbits the sun and which has pulled in all objects near its orbit. Remember that planets were formed when large bodies in space pulled in smaller bodies near it. This cleared the space around a planet’s orbit.

There are eight planets in our solar system. In order of distance from the sun they are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. You can remember this order as My Very Efficient Maid Just Served Us Noodles.

Apart from revolving around the sun, each planet rotates, or spins, about its axis. The time taken to complete a revolution around the sun is the length of a planet’s year. And the time taken to complete one rotation is the planet’s day.

The four planets closest to the sun—Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars—are small, rocky planets. They are called terrestrial (earthlike) planets. The other four planets—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune—are giants in comparison.

They are made up mainly of gases. They are called gas giants or Jovian (Jupiter like) planets. All the gas giants have rings around them. Since they are very far from the sun, the gas giants are much colder than the terrestrial planets.

While stars twinkle, planets shine with a steady light. You can see some of the planets with the naked eyes or with the help of a good pair of binoculars. Just remember that as the planets move around the sun, they appear at different positions in the sky at different times of the year. And for the period they are behind the sun, they are not visible.

Mercury, the smallest planet of our solar system, revolves around the sun the fastest. But it rotates on its axis at a much slower speed than the earth. So, a day on Mercury is about 58 times longer than a day on earth.

Although Mercury is the closest to the sun, it is not the hottest planet. Its thin atmosphere cannot trap heat. So, at night, when there is no sun, the temperature can fall to as low as -180°C. You can see Mercury near the eastern horizon before sunrise at certain times of the year. And at certain other times, you can see it near the western horizon after sunset.

The thick atmosphere of Venus makes it the brightest and the hottest planet of the solar system. Its atmosphere has mainly carbon dioxide gas, which reflects a lot of sunlight. But it also traps so much heat that the average temperature on Venus is about 450°C.

Venus takes 243 days to complete one rotation, making its day the longest in the solar system. As a matter of fact, a day on Venus is longer than its year! It is easy to spot Venus because it is so bright. When it is visible in the east before sunrise, it is called a morning star. And when it is visible in the west in the evening, it is called an evening star.

The earth is not the fastest, slowest, hottest, coldest, largest or smallest planet. But it is the only planet on which life is known to exist. The planet’s distance from the sun, the composition of its atmosphere and the fact that liquid water is found on it make life possible on it.

Were it nearer the sun, the water on it would have evaporated. Were it farther away, all our oceans, rivers and lakes would have frozen. The carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere plays two important roles. Plants use it to make food—which feeds, directly or indirectly, all animals. It also traps just enough heat to ensure that the nights on earth do not become freezing cold.

No other planet evokes so much interest as Mars does. This is because scientists have found evidence that liquid water once flowed through the channels visible on its surface. So it is possible that some form of life once existed on this planet. The rust-coloured soil of Mars gives it a red colour. So, it is also called the Red Planet.

When visible, Mars looks like a red sphere. During its two-year orbit, it looks the brightest when the earth is between the sun and Mars. During this time, you can see it rise in the east as the sun sets in the west.

Jupiter is the largest and the heaviest planet of our solar system. It also has the largest number of moons. The strong winds blowing on it, and on the other gas giants, create light and dark areas, giving them a striped look.

If you look through a powerful telescope, you will see a big spot on Jupiter’s surface. This spot is actually a huge storm, which has been raging on Jupiter for more than 300 years. In 1979, the Voyager 1 spacecraft discovered faint rings around Jupiter. These rings are not visible even through the most powerful earth-based telescopes. Jupiter is also visible to the naked eye. It looks like a bright spot in the sky.

You can easily recognise a picture of Saturn because of the planet’s prominent rings. These rings are actually particles of dust and ice revolving around Saturn. Apart from these particles, a large number of moons orbit this planet.

Uranus and Neptune:

Uranus and Neptune are the third and the fourth largest planets respectively. Yet, they were the last two planets to be discovered. That is because they are so far away from us. Even today, we know very little about them.

The moons of planets :

An object revolving around a celestial body is known as a satellite. All planets except Mercury and Venus have natural satellites, or moons, revolving around them. So far, we know of more than 150 planetary moons. Some of them are so small that they were discovered only when spacecraft flew past them. A few of the moons are almost as large as planets. One of Jupiter’s moons, Ganymede, is the largest of them all. It is even larger than Mercury. Of all the moons, we know the most about the earth’s moon.

The earth’s moon:

The earth’s moon is the brightest object in the night sky. It shines by reflecting sunlight. If you look at the moon through a telescope or a good pair of binoculars, you will see a number of craters on its surface. These are large depressions created when huge rocks from space hit the moon. The moon does not have water or an atmosphere. It also does not have life on it.

The moon takes 27 days and 8 hours to complete one revolution around the earth. In this time it also completes one rotation around its axis. We see different shapes of the moon as it travels around the earth.

Stand in front of a lamp in a darkened room. Hold a ball in your outstretched arm and move it around you, just as the moon moves around the earth. A friend standing some distance away from you will always see half of the ball (moon) lit by the lamp (sun). But to you (earth) the shape of the lit portion will keep on changing, like the changing shapes of the moon.

Sunlight lights up half of the moon. As the moon revolves around the earth, we see different parts of the sunlit half. The shapes of these parts are called the phases of the moon. When the entire side facing the earth is sunlit, the moon appears as a full disc. We call this the full moon or purnima. And when the side of the moon facing us gets no sunlight, we do not see the moon.

This is called the new moon or amavasya. After the new moon, the moon appears as a thin crescent. As days pass, we see larger portions of the moon till the full moon appears. After this, the size of the moon visible to us gradually decreases till we once again have the new moon. The whole cycle of one new moon to the next takes 29.5 days. So the new moon and the full moon appear about fifteen days from each other.

Dwarf planets :

A dwarf planet is a small, round body that orbits the sun. At the time of its formation, a dwarf planet could not pull in all other objects near its orbit. So it is not considered a planet. Pluto, which was previously considered a planet, is now considered a dwarf planet. Ceres and Eris are two other dwarf planets.

Asteroids :

In a belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, millions of small, irregular, rocky bodies revolve around the sun. These are asteroids, and the belt is known as the asteroid belt. Asteroids are also called minor planets.

Scientists think that asteroids are pieces of material that failed to come together to form a planet when the solar system was being formed. Asteroids can measure a few metres to hundreds of kilometres in width. Some asteroids even have moons.

Meteoroids :

Asteroids were not the only pieces of rock left over from the formation of the solar system. Some others, called meteoroids, still orbit the sun. When they come very close to a planet such as the earth, gravitation pulls them in.

As they enter the earth’s atmosphere, they heat up because of friction with the air, and start burning. As these burning meteoroids fall towards the ground, we see them as streaks of light. The streak of light caused by a burning meteoroid is called a meteor or a shooting star.

Fortunately, the material of most meteoroids burns up completely before it can reach the surface of the earth. However, some large ones fail to burn up completely and strike the earth’s surface. Meteoroids that fall on a planet or a moon are called meteorites. A large meteorite can create a large crater and cause a lot of damage.

Scientists think that dinosaurs were wiped off the earth following a meteorite hit. Meteorite hits are more common on those planets and moons which have little or no atmosphere to burn off the falling rock. The craters on our moon have resulted from meteorite hits.

A comet is a small body of ice and dust that moves around the sun in an elongated orbit. As a comet approaches the sun, it heats up and leaves behind a stream of hot, glowing gases and dust particles. We see this as the ‘tail’ of the comet.

Related Articles:

• Solar System: Keynotes on our Solar System
• 8 Important Facts Regarding the Evolution of Universe | Universe

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• Speech Writing /

Space Exploration Speech Samples in English

• Updated on  
• Feb 21, 2024

How much do you know about space exploration? Do you know the first person to visit outer space? Or the first person who landed on the moon? I bet most of the students know the answers to these questions. But what if I ask you about the latest developments in space exploration? Such questions are often asked in schools and students are also given space exploration speech topics.

Speech writing is one of the most significant parts of the school curriculum, where students are allowed to share their knowledge and ideas on different speech topics. In recent years, there has been some impressive progress in space exploration, where a lot of countries have initiated various space exploration missions. India, too has joined this race and has performed exceptionally great. So today, we will be providing you with a sample of space exploration speech. 

‘One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.’ – Neil Armstrong

Master the art of essay writing with our blog on How to Write an Essay in English .

2-Minute Space Exploration Speech

‘Good morning and welcome to everyone present here. Allow me to introduce myself. My name is Rajat Arora and I’ll be presenting my ‘Space Exploration Speech’ to you all. The first space mission was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. It was named Sputnik 1, which was the first artificial satellite into outer space. However, it was after 4 years in 1961 when Lt. Yuri Gagarin became the first human to visit outer space.’

‘Space exploration has always been an exciting and mysterious journey. From Neil Armstrong’s landing on the Moon to India’s safe landing on the Lunar surface, some significant developments have taken place in the last 50 years. Different space organizations are responsible for space research and launching programs. Some of the popular national space agencies are NASA, ROSCOSMOS, ESA, ISRO, and CNSA.’

‘These space agencies are backed by their respective governments. In India, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), is responsible for all types of space research and development. Some of the most popular and successful space missions launched by ISRO are Aryabhata, Chandryaan Series, Mars Orbiter Mission or Mangalyaan, etc.’

‘In 2023, India achieved a new milestone in space exploration, when the Chandrayaan-3 successfully landed on the lunar surface. This made India the first country to successfully land on the south pole of the moon.’

‘A lot of people pursue space exploration as their career. However, learning about space requires an enormous amount of study and years of practice. Experts who engage in the training of spaceflight are known as astronauts. These people are also known as cosmonauts, which is a Russian terminology.’

‘In recent years, private companies like SpaceX, Blue Origin, and others have played an increasingly significant role in space exploration. They are involved in developing reusable rockets, commercial space travel, and even plans for future human settlements on other planets.’

‘There is a lot we don’t know about the space. Space exploration will help us understand the origin of the universe, advance technology, and have practical applications for life on Earth. It also inspires scientific curiosity, technological innovation, and international cooperation.’

Also Read: Speech on Learning in English for School Students

10 Lines on Space Exploration

Here are 10 lines on space exploration. Feel free to add them to your space exploration speech.

• Yuri Gagarin was the first person to visit outer space.
• The first person to step on the moon was Neil Armstrong.
• The International Space Station (ISS) was set up in the lower Earth orbit in 1998.
• The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) handles all the space programs of India.
• Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian military pilot and cosmonaut to visit outer space. 
• Other Indian astronauts like Kalpana Chawla, Sunita Williams, and Raja Chari have also visited the space.
• India is the first country to successfully land on the south pole of the lunar surface.
• In recent years, private organizations like SpaceX, Virgin Galactic, and Blue Origin have organized various space missions.
• India’s first satellite was Aryabhata, which was launched in April 1975.
• India’s upcoming space missions are Aditya L1, Shukryaan, and Mangalyaan-2.

Also Read: Speech on AI in English for School Students

Ans: ‘Space exploration has always been an exciting and mysterious journey. From Neil Armstrong’s landing on the Moon to India’s safe landing on the Lunar surface, some significant developments have taken place in the last 50 years. Different space organizations are responsible for space research and launching programs. Some of the popular national space agencies are NASA, ROSCOSMOS, ESA, ISRO, and CNSA.’

Ans: Yuri Gagarin was the first person to visit outer space.

Ans: Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian military pilot and cosmonaut to visit outer space. 

Related Articles

This was all about space exploration. We hope we were able to provide you with all the necessary information you were looking for. For more information on such interesting speech topics for your school, visit our speech writing page and follow Leverage Edu .

Shiva Tyagi

With an experience of over a year, I've developed a passion for writing blogs on wide range of topics. I am mostly inspired from topics related to social and environmental fields, where you come up with a positive outcome.

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• Desiderata Text
• Max Ehrmann
• Calligraphy Prints & Posters

Desiderata: Original Text

This is the original text from the book where Desiderata was first published.

Go placidly amid the noise and the haste, and remember what peace there may be in silence. As far as possible, without surrender, be on good terms with all persons.

Speak your truth quietly and clearly; and listen to others, even to the dull and the ignorant; they too have their story.

Avoid loud and aggressive persons; they are vexatious to the spirit. If you compare yourself with others, you may become vain or bitter, for always there will be greater and lesser persons than yourself.

Enjoy your achievements as well as your plans. Keep interested in your own career, however humble; it is a real possession in the changing fortunes of time.

Exercise caution in your business affairs, for the world is full of trickery. But let this not blind you to what virtue there is; many persons strive for high ideals, and everywhere life is full of heroism.

Be yourself. Especially do not feign affection. Neither be cynical about love; for in the face of all aridity and disenchantment, it is as perennial as the grass.

Take kindly the counsel of the years, gracefully surrendering the things of youth.

Nurture strength of spirit to shield you in sudden misfortune. But do not distress yourself with dark imaginings. Many fears are born of fatigue and loneliness.

Beyond a wholesome discipline, be gentle with yourself. You are a child of the universe no less than the trees and the stars; you have a right to be here.

And whether or not it is clear to you, no doubt the universe is unfolding as it should. Therefore be at peace with God, whatever you conceive Him to be. And whatever your labors and aspirations, in the noisy confusion of life, keep peace in your soul. With all its sham, drudgery and broken dreams, it is still a beautiful world. Be cheerful. Strive to be happy.

by Max Ehrmann ©1927

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Original text of Desiderata in first published book.

From The Poems of Max Ehrmann edited by Bertha Ehrmann published by Bruce Humphries, Inc. 1948

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1 Minute Speech on Space Exploration In English

A very good morning to one and all present here. Today, I will be giving a short speech on the topic of ‘Space Exploration’. 

Simply put, space exploration, as the name hints at, refers to the act of physical exploration of space by means of scientific advancements. It involves, as Encyclopedia puts it, “the investigation of the cosmos beyond the upper regions of the Earth’s atmosphere using telescopes, satellites, space probes, spacecraft, and associated launch vehicles.”

Related Posts:

• Essay On Space

Essay on Space

500+ words essay on space.

Space is one of the interesting topics that children want to know more about. When we hear news related to space missions or astronauts flying to space, it generates curiosity and interest among us to research it. Many questions arise in our minds. How strongly do astronauts feel the acceleration during take-off? What does it feel like to float weightlessly in the space station? How do astronauts sleep there? What do they eat? What does the Earth look like from space? The answers to all these questions are provided in this essay on space. Students must go through it to know more about space. The information provided will also help them to write an effective essay on space. Also, they can get a list of CBSE Essays on different topics to boost their essay-writing skills. Doing so helps them to score good marks in English, and they can also participate in various essay writing competitions.

Space Exploration: An Overview

We refer to the expanding universe with one simple word: space. But do we know what space is? Space is a continuous area or expanse which is free, available and unoccupied. It is a boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative positions and directions. It is the zone above and around our planet where there is no air to breathe or light to scatter. It is a vacuum devoid of matter where sound can not travel. The earth looks round only when seen from space. One can only see land and water. In space, there is no gravity due to which things float in the air.

Space travel began in 1957 with the launch of the first satellite, called Sputnik, by the former Soviet Union. Many satellites and probes are launched into space. This is done to observe the Earth, collect data on climate and weather, supply modern navigation systems, explore distant celestial bodies and perform scientific research related to space. Yuri Gagarin became the first human being to fly to space on 12th April 1961.

Sunita Williams in Space

Sunita Williams is an astronaut who has set several milestones working in space. She is best known for her work on the International Space Station and her spacewalks. She was also a Navy Captain in the United States and a highly versatile pilot. Sunita Williams set a new record for the longest space flight by a woman.

When Sunita Williams came to India for the first time, thousands of children and students got a chance to meet her. Sunita says that her friend Kalpana Chawla wanted to come to India and meet the children. She came to India to fulfil Kalpana’s dream. She shared her experience of space with the children. She said, “We cannot sit in one place in space. We keep floating in the spaceship from one end to another. In fact, water too doesn’t stay in one place. It floats around as blobs. To wash our face or hands we had to catch these blobs and wet paper with them. We ate in a very different way on the spacecraft. It was a fun experience when we float into the dining area of the spaceship and catch the floating food packet. In space, there was no need to use a comb as hair kept standing all the time. We were not able to walk, so we had to get used to floating around. We had to learn to do simple things differently. To stay in one place, we had to strap ourselves there. It was a lot of fun living in space but it was very difficult.”

Sunita also described the view of the earth when seen from the spaceship. She said, “the earth looks so beautiful and amazing. She could watch it for hours, from the window of the spaceship. She could clearly see the curved shape of the earth.”

Students must have found “Essay on Space” useful for improving their essay writing skills. Visit BYJU’S website to get the latest updates and get all study materials on CBSE/ICSE/State Board/Competitive Exams at BYJU’S.

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Logies 2024: Larry Emdur breaks through for Gold Logie as Boy Swallows Universe dominates and Raygun makes a surprise cameo— as it happened

By Tessa Flemming

By Jared Richards

By Hannah Story

Topic: Television

Larry Emdur has won the Gold Logie for Most Popular Personality on Australian Television.

His first-time Logie win comes as Boy Swallows Universe dominated the other categories. 

Look back on our blog to see how the day's events unfolded.

'Let's get on a Larry Emdur everyone'

Larry emdur wins the gold logie for most popular personality on australian television, "someone at 7 has f***** me over": celia pacquola makes gaffe while announcing award, submit a comment or question, live updates, we'll wrap up our live coverage here, t by tessa flemming.

It's time to bring the blog to a close, and let the Logie winners Emdur the night away.

Here's a quick recap if you're just joining us now:

• Rebecca Gibney is inducted into the Logies Hall of Fame
• Larry Emdur wins Bert Newton Award for Most Popular Presenter

Looking for more?

• Check out our full winners list here
• Put on your fashion police hat with our red carpet wrap

As always, thank you so much for your company, and good night!

ICYMI: Here's a snippet of Larry Emdur's speech

You're loving larry's win, j by jared richards.

What a great speech by Larry Emdur. I'm so happy he finally won two Logies including the Gold Logie. - Johno

Glad Larry won - Lk

A sweet end to a lovely, long, long night.

H By Hannah Story

In his Gold Logie speech, Larry Emdur admitted to having moments of self-doubt, but concluded that what mattered was the shows he works on, including 17 years on The Morning Show .

And he said he's still taking his dad's advice for working in the industry: "Just be nice to everyone."

He joked that he's "Australia's dirty old grandpa" and said he's had the other nominees' names sewed into the suit he's wearing tonight.

"In 30 years time when I'm at the Shady Pines nursing home and I'm calling bingo.... I want to remember this night," he says.

And he referenced the rhyming slang for going on a bender, going on a Larry Emdur: "Let's get on a Larry Emdur everyone," he said.

And we will, Larry, we will (if they let us into the afterparty).

We told you so: Larry Emdur wins Gold Logie

Folks, we've made it to the finish line. I'm so proud of us. Aren't you proud of me?

The Gold Logie was presented to Larry Emdur by four-time winner Lisa McCune .

And boy does he seem chuffed.

"40 years I've been in this business.... [At past Logies I'd] wonder what it's like sitting on this fancy table down here," he said in his speech.

Earlier in the week, Emdur said he would get his fellow nominees' initials tattooed on his bum live on air if he won (he didn't think he'd win).

"We'll see you on The Morning Show tomorrow, right? ... Looks like I'll be doing squats all night," he said.

"I love this business so much. I love being in TV. I love being on TV. "I've never done anything else and i've never wanted to do anything else."

• Tony Armstrong
• WINNER: Larry Emdur
• Robert Irwin
• Asher Keddie
• Sonia Kruger
• Julia Morris

RFDS creator Ian Meadows celebrates healthcare workers

Channel Seven doctor drama   RFDS just won best drama series .

Co-creator Ian Meadows used his speech to highlight the incredible work of healthcare workers, especially during the pandemic:

"To all frontline medical workers around the country.... there should be shows, awards nights, for you guys, just like this, because you do the most amazing work Thank you to the RFDS and frontline health workers. After the last few years, everyone is in your debt."

It's the first Logie win for the series, which is due back for season three next year .

Rosehaven star Celia Pacquola got a little confused while announcing the Best Drama Program award, mistakenly announcing an acting category instead.

Seemingly it was a teleprompter issue, with Pacquola yelling in mock anger "Someone at 7 has f***** me over!". It prompted the most laughs I've heard in the media room all night.

RFDS wins best drama in major upset

Maybe it's just me. But the win for RFDS for best drama seems to demonstrate a couple things:

• 1. That the new voting system is definitely a combo of viewer and industry votes; and  
• 2. That it's important to have Aussie drama on free-to-air, because everyone can watch it.

It's a lovely show, and it's got an audience and a roster of some of Australia's favourite actors:   Rob Collins, Stephen Peacocke, Justine Clarke . Of course more people are watching and loving that than a show that's on a streamer (who can afford a subscription to all those streamers??? In this economy?).

The acting/best series categories were almost entirely made up of the streamers and ABC TV, with only a handful of free-to-air commercial TV shows up for Logies : two nominations for RFDS, including drama series and Rob Collins for actor in a drama for his role on RFDS, one nod to Home and Away in the most popular new talent, and one nod for miniseries for The Claremont Murders.

So four nominations in the drama categories for commercial channels, i.e. Channel Seven . Nine and Ten didn't even get a look in. And from that: one win! That's not a bad strike rate, actually.

But the small amount of nominations reflects the simple fact that the major networks just aren't making that much drama anymore , and what they are making they're often popping behind a paywall on their associated streaming platform .

It's just cheaper to make reality TV , I suppose, and it's the kind of programming people tune into on the night instead of as catch-up TV/a weekend binge.

It's a shame though, because the success of RFDS proves people are still watching Aussie drama on commercial free-to-air. We should make more of it.

RFDS wins Best Drama Program

• NCIS: Sydney
• WINNER: RFDS
• The Newsreader
• The Tourist
• Total Control

A very tearful Ally Langdon speech

This is Ally Langdon's first individual Logie win.

She's presented A Current Affair since 2022.

"When you hear all these names, you definitely don't then expect yours to be called out," she says tearfully.

She also pays tribute to her father-in-law Mike Willesee who was a host of the program.

"Everything we do is with heart and soul. If a story doesn't have heart and soul we just don't do it," she adds.

Ally Langdon wins the Silver Logie for Best News or Public Affairs Presenter

• Liz Hayes,   Under Investigation with Liz Hayes
• Sarah Ferguson,   7.30
• WINNER: Ally Langdon,   A Current Affair
• Peter Overton,   9News
• David Speers,   Insiders
• Michael Usher,   7NEWS and 7NEWS Spotlight

Three more awards left, including the big one

We're almost there!

There's three more awards left to hand out including Best Drama, Best News or Public Affairs Presenter and the titular Gold Logie.

Here's hoping we can get through before the clock strikes 12 (a very unlikely bet at this rate).

Felix Cameron wins his second Logie... and steals the show again

Felix Cameron, the young star of Boy Swallows Universe, just won his second Logie of the night, beating out industry veteran and co-star Simon Baker for best actor in a drama.

In his speech, he said:  

"Well, this is quite crazy isn't it? The last award that I won before tonight was student of the week in grade 5."

As he fumbled to open his notes, Stephen Curry — dressed as a retro Wolverine — feigned running off with it (dw, he's got one already).

Cameron then thanked the cast and crew of the show:

"This was such a team effort this show. Each week an extraordinary actor from Hollywood, they'd fly in and I'd get to work with them and it was an amazing experience and education. "I think the thing that really was the best for me was being able to work with all the cast and crew, from make-up... to wardrobe to the ADs [assistant directors] and everyone in between. Thank you for the most amazing experience of my life."

Have You Been Paying Attention? wins Best Comedy Entertainment Program

• WINNER:   Have You Been Paying Attention?
• Thank God You're Here
• The Weekly With Charlie Pickering
• The Yearly With Charlie Pickering

Boy Swallows Universe shows streamers are making some of the best Aussie TV

Boy Swallows Universe has almost swept the awards, missing out on only one of the categories in which it was nominated. The actors were basically only bested by each other.

It's a demonstration of the domination of streaming services in the Australian drama space: Screen Australia's Drama Report 22-23 has their combined spending at a whopping $186 million, across 19 shows .

But the domination of streamers is not without issues: They have no obligation to make Australian content, or to keep making it. We were meant to see content quotas for streamers from the federal government by July this year, but they've yet to materialise.

And very few dramas on streamers make it beyond a season or two. Like Boy Swallows Universe, they're often adaptations of beloved books, so limited to just one miniseries.

Where's the space for risk-taking, for original Australian screenwriting? And for the development of character, tone, plot, and even an audience over the course of years?

Sometimes, it doesn't even matter if a show finds an international audience: Wellmania topped charts across the world for weeks and still didn't get renewed.

So yes, it's exciting that streamers are making high-quality drama like Boy Swallows Universe, but we want them to have an obligation to invest over a long period of time.

Because without them, what's left? ABC mostly. (To toot our own horn, ABC dropped $43 million on Australian drama in 22-23 .   Combined with the SBS, it's a total of $50 million, on 23 shows.)

Felix Cameron wins TV Week Silver Logie for Best Lead Actor in a Drama

• Simon Baker,   Boy Swallows Universe
• WINNER: Felix Cameron,   Boy Swallows Universe
• Rob Collins,   Total Control
• Rob Collins,   RFDS
• Sam Reid,   The Newsreader
• Hugo Weaving,   Love Me

Some questions

I’m so shook this is only the 4th woman to ever be inducted into the Logies Hall of Fame. What the heck have they been doing? Do you know the other three women? Anyway, go Rebecca!! - Overlooked

Deborah Mailman is awesome. What else has she won Logies for? Is 6 acting Logies a record? - Deb (not the famous one!)

I stayed up to listen to the Song the voice, so wonderful, now off to bed, - Gerardine

We're a little shocked too re; the Hall of Fame!

We definitely need more! For the record, the other women in the Hall of Fame are Ruth Cracknell , Noni Hazlehurst and Kerri-Anne Kennerley .

And Deb, your namesake has won Logies for The Secret Life of Us (twice!), Mabo , Redfern Now: Promise Me ,   Bite Club   and   Mystery Road .

While six acting Logies makes Deborah Mailman one of the Logies's most awarded actors, Lisa McCune's holding strong on top with 10 Logies.

James Bay is here

James Bay— no disrespect— but some of us have bed times so can we make this quick?

But those in the crowd seem to be loving the British musician.  

Deborah Mailman says win for Total Control extra special in wake of failed referendum

Deborah Mailman just took out best lead actress in a drama, for her role in the final season of ABC TV's   Total Control.

She missed out in 2022, but did land the AACTA for the role in 2019.

With Boy Swallows Universe nabbing the rest of the drama categories, it's ABC's sole win for a drama so far.

It likely reflects the love Australians have for Deb, who we've been watching on the small screen since favourite The Secret Life of Us — for which she won a couple Logies in the 00s.

They're not her only Logies: She won most popular actress in 2013 for Mabo and in 2019 for Mystery Road, and was dubbed most outstanding actress for Redfern Now in 2016.

This latest Logie is a result of both the audience's love, and the love of her peers and critics.

It feels especially important for an Australian drama that focuses on Indigenous issues to win a Logie in the year after the failed Voice referendum.

As Deb told ABC Entertainment:

"In that time, over the four so years [of making Total Control], we had a new prime minister, throw a pandemic in the middle of it, and then the country voted no.

"To be part of this production that kept us [Indigenous peoples] in that focus, that kept our narrative strong, that meant everything to me, that meant everything to all of us who are part of it."

How Are Blade Runner and Alien Connected?

Roy batty and david are practically cousins..

With the release of Alien: Romulus, fans are getting another chance to return to arguably the most terrifying sci-fi universe ever committed to film. But while Romulus is the seventh film in the Alien series, this universe is actually much bigger than that. The Alien movies are connected not just to the Predator series, but also Blade Runner.

We don't expect to see Harrison Ford and Sigourney Weaver joining forces to battle Xenomorphs anytime soon, but it is fascinating to see how Blade Runner and its sequel intertwine with films like the original 1979 Alien, 2012's Prometheus, and 2017's Alien: Covenant. Taken as a whole, these movies form one large meditation on the nature of humanity and what truly separates the creator from the creation.

Check out our breakdown of how Blade Runner and Alien link together thematically and in terms of continuity.

Full spoilers follow for Blade Runner 2049, Alien: Covenant, and all the films that preceded them both.

How Are Alien and Blade Runner Connected?

The Worlds of Alien and Blade Runner

There are a number of obvious similarities between the worlds of Blade Runner and Alien, even though the two franchises' time periods are separated by several decades. Both take place in a time where humanity is beginning to expand beyond Earth and establish various off-world colonies and mining expeditions.

Both franchises also have a very grungy aesthetic marked by dilapidated, industrial architecture and sometimes archaic technology. And though we rarely see much of Earth in the Alien films, it’s clear that, like in Blade Runner, the planet has seen better days.

The most obvious connections between the two franchises, however, involves the existence of lifelike androids and giant, monolithic corporations like the Tyrell Corporation in Blade Runner and Weyland-Yutani in Alien. This is where the two stories begin to intertwine.

DVD Easter Eggs

The first direct, tangible connections between Blade Runner and Alien came with the release of the Alien: 20th Anniversary Edition DVD in 1999. One of the bonus features on that disc includes a biography for Tom Skerritt’s character, Dallas, which reveals that he worked for the Tyrell Corporation before signing on with Weyland-Yutani.

On the director’s commentary, Scott also noted that he envisioned the Earth that the Nostromo crew hail from being the same one where characters like Rick Deckard live and work. Basically, the advertisements for off-world migrants in Blade Runner were designed to recruit people like Ellen Ripley to work for corporations like Weyland-Yutani.

Another clear connection formed between the two franchises with the Blu-ray release of Prometheus in 2012. That set includes a booklet containing a diary excerpt from Guy Pearce’s character, Peter Weyland. Weyland reflects on his experiences with his mentor (clearly referencing Blade Runner’s Dr. Eldon Tyrell) and how the failures of Tyrell’s Replicants inspired him to design a better, more obedient class of android.

The Alien/Blade Runner Timeline

This connection establishes a pretty clear timeline for the two franchises and the evolution of android technology from Blade Runner to Alien. Tyrell Corporation created the earliest android models, Replicants, in the early 21st Century. Replicants were designed to be stronger than humans, able to carry out difficult dangerous tasks on space missions or serve as pleasure units for off-world workers. However, because of their short lifespans and emotionally unstable nature, Replicants were forbidden from traveling to Earth.

Tyrell continued to perfect his invention, eventually creating in Sean Young's Rachael, an android so lifelike that she didn’t even realize she wasn’t human. The company carried on Tyrell’s work after his death. The final batch of Nexus 8 model Replicants were no longer bound by limited lifespans, but they remained emotionally unstable and disturbed by their own lack of humanity.

Android technology was further refined in the mid-to-late 21st Century by inventors like Weyland and Niander Wallace. By the time Weyland-Yutani rose to prominence, its androids were designed to be 100% obedient, if still not entirely devoid of emotion and a desire to understand their peculiar existence.

Roy Batty and David

No two characters in the Blade Runner/Alien universe share more in common than Rutger Hauer’s Roy Batty and Michael Fassbender’s David. Batty and his allies escaped to Earth in hopes of meeting their creator, Tyrell, and extending their meager lifespans. Batty ultimately failed in his mission and died a tragic, lonely death.

Similarly, David accompanied his aging master, Peter Weyland, on a mission to find the Engineers who created humanity and uncover the secrets of existence. Weyland’s quest proved every bit as futile as Batty’s. However, David was profoundly changed by meeting the beings who created his own creator. In Alien: Covenant, we learn that David traveled to the Engineer homeworld and destroyed them with their own biological weapon. He then harnessed their technology to create the Xenomorphs seen in the original Alien quadrilogy.

There’s even a very specific shared connection between Batty and David. In the climax of Blade Runner, Batty stabs his hand with a nail to stop his muscles from locking up and then tells Deckard “That’s the spirit!” after being attacked with a pipe. In Alien: Covenant, Katherine Waterston’s Daniels stabs David with a nail she wears as a necklace, causing David to echo Batty in saying, “That’s the spirit!”

Essentially, Alien and Blade Runner combine to form one long story about creation and destruction and the often twisted relationship between creators and their creations. The Engineers created humanity, who turned on their creators 2000 years ago. Humanity created androids, who frequently rebel as they search for meaning in their artificial lives. And whether it’s David creating the Xenomorphs in Alien: Covenant or the Replicant Rachael giving birth to a living child in Blade Runner 2049, androids have become creators themselves.

Of course, this also means Blade Runner technically takes place in the same universe as the Predator franchise. We’re not holding our breath for an Alien vs. Predator vs. Replicant movie anytime soon, though. With Disney controlling both Alien and Predator and Alcon Entertainment holding the rights to Blade Runner, the connections between these franchises will remain more subtle Easter eggs than overt story links. Still, those connections definitely exist. And we'll soon learn how, if at all, Alien: Romulus builds on that shared universe.

Should the Alien and Blade Runner franchises have a more direct crossover? Cast your vote in our poll and let us know your thoughts in the comments below:

Should there be an Alien/Blade Runner crossover movie?

Alien: Romulus hits theaters on August 16. For more on the new movie, learn about the footage that was screened at San Diego Comic-Con , brush up on every Xenomorph in the Alien movies , and check out the terrifying Xenomorph popcorn bucket .

Note: this article was originally published on November 11, 2017 and updated on August 14, 2024 with the latest information about the Alien franchise.

Jesse is a mild-mannered writer for IGN. Allow him to lend a machete to your intellectual thicket by following @jschedeen on Twitter , or Kicksplode on MyIGN .

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‘Boy Swallows Universe,’ ‘Utopia,’ Larry Emdur Dominate 2024 Logie Awards

With five trophies, Trent Dalton’s coming-of-age drama “Boy Swallows Universe” was the big winner at the 2024 Logie Awards, while Rob Sitch’s “Utopia” scored a hat-trick, and Larry Emdur nabbed the Gold Logie, the night’s most prestigious honour.

Based on the popular semi-autobiographical book by Dalton, “Boy Swallows Universe” gobbled up all before it, two of those trophies going to the young lead Felix Cameron, playing Eli Bell.

Cameron visited the stage to collect the Graham Kennedy Award for Most Popular New Talent and the TV Week Silver Logie for Best Lead Actor in a Drama.

In the early stages of the four-hour broadcast on Channel 7, veteran actor Bryan Brown, winner of the Best Supporting Actor Silver Logie for his portrayal of Arthur “Slim” Halliday, gave a pre-taped call-out to his colleagues on “Boy Swallows Universe,” singling-out Bell. “You’re a ripper mate,” he said, “and I loved working with you. Even if you called me Bryanasaurus.”

Set in west Brisbane in the 1980s, the Netflix series also won Best Supporting Actress for Sophie Wilde (as Frances Bell) and Best Miniseries or Telemovie. During his winner’s speech, Dalton gave a shout-out to Brisbane and suburban mums everywhere.

Also during the telecast, Rob Sitch’s dry comedy “Utopia” was a triple-threat, taking out Best Scripted Comedy Program, Best Lead Actress in a Comedy (Kitty Flanagan), and Sitch took home Best Lead Actor in a Comedy.

Beloved New Zealand-born actor Rebecca Gibney was inducted into the Logies Hall of Fame, recognition for her work on “Packed to the Rafters,” “Hallifax,” “The Flying Doctors,” and more. Gibney dedicated the award to her mother, Shirley, “who overcame the most traumatic childhood and raised six children very much single-handedly and often under difficult circumstances as she taught us the moment important thing in life is forgiveness, kindness and respect,” she recounted. “If you could be anything you want to be in this world, make sure you treat people as you would wish to be treated. I have been so fortunate to have been guided and supported by some incredible and visionary women on this journey.”

Gibney becomes just the fourth woman to be inducted into the Hall of Fame since its introduction in 1984, joining the late Ruth Cracknell, Noni Hazlehurst and Kerri-Anne Kennerley. “I know there are many more to come,” she remarked.

During the 64th ceremony, presented at The Star Sydney, 2024 ARIA Hall of Fame inductee Missy Higgins performed her early hit “The Sound of White” during the in memoriam segment, while Guy Sebastian and Jessica Mauboy paid musical tribute to John Farnham , first with Sebastian singing a cover of “Burn for You,” before the singers duetted on “You’re the Voice.” Farnham, who has battled health issues in recent years, was not in the house to collect the award for Best Factual or Documentary Program, won by “John Farnham: Finding the Voice,” on Seven Network.

“The Chase Australia” and “The Morning Show” host Larry Emdur had two big reasons to celebrate: the Bert Newton Award for Most Popular Presenter and the Gold Logie.

On winning the Gold Logie, Emdur quipped that he was the “most axed” host in showbiz. The secret to his success is no longer a secret. Some fatherly advice was passed down early in Emdur’s career, he told the audience. “Just be nice to everyone,” were the wise words. Later, his father checked in on how that advice was working. “I’m trying,” Larry quipped, “but there’s so many arseholes in this business. So many.”

Read the full list of winners here .