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J.S.S. 3 THIRD TERM CIVIC EDUCATION SCHEME OF WORK

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THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR JSS3 CIVIC EDUCATION LESSON NOTE

• August 29, 2022
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civic education lesson note

Civic education is the study of the rights and obligations of citizens in society.

Lesson Note for Third Term JSS3

Week 1: Election

Week 2: Importance of Election

Week 3: Electoral Bodies

Week 4: Free and Fair Elections

Week 5: Electoral Malpractices in Nigeria

Week 6: Ways of Preventing Electoral Malpractices in Nigeria

civic education lesson note for jss3

civic education lesson note for jss three

lesson note on civic education for jss3

Below are the 2022 civic education lesson notes for jss3 third term

Topic: Election

Meaning of Election

In a community, everybody cannot lead. So there must be representatives who will give directives for others to follow. This has given rise to nominations and the election of representatives that will direct the affairs of a particular community.

An election is simply defined as the process by which people are voted into power. It is the way of voting people to occupy political offices in order to serve the community or society for a particular period of time. An election is defined as the act of choosing candidates to represent the people of a given country in the parliament, the executive, and possibly into other areas of government as stipulated in the constitution of that country. For example in the U.S.A, judges of the lower courts are elected.

An election is a process by which people select or elect a candidate for an official position. It is usually carried out in a democratic system of government. An election is done through voting. Elections are conducted at definite intervals as spelled out in the constitution of the nation.

Voting  is a method for a group, such as a meeting or an electorate to make a decision or express an opinion, usually following discussions, debates or election campaigns. Residents of a place represented by an elected official are called “constituents”, and those constituents who cast a ballot for their chosen candidate are called “voters”. To learn more, click here

third term civic education lesson note

Topic: Importance of Election

Purpose of Election

• There is change in government which makes it easier for the people to remove a bad government.
• It gives elected representatives the legitimate right to rule.
• The people have the free choice of choosing leaders.
• It ensures control and accountability.
• It fosters democracy.
• Electorates are educated about their rights.
• Election enhances equality of citizens’ votes.

To learn more, click here

Topic: Electoral Bodies

Elections are not just conducted by the people on the street. The constitution has provided for how elections should be conducted. It spells out specifically that there shall be electoral bodies. In Nigeria, there is an electoral body which conducts elections and supervises all electioneering process. The body is called Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). The body conducts elections into federal and state electoral constituencies. At the state level, usually for the conduct of local government elections, the State Independent Electoral Commission (SIEC) is in charge.  To learn more, click here

Topic: Free and Fair Elections

The Need for Free and Fair Election

It is very important to have free and fair elections if the nation must progress. An election could be regarded as free and fair if the following things happen:

• Free Opportunities to Register as a Voter: A situation where some politicians sit in a place and start to collate fictitious names with the intention of keeping cards to rig elections is not free and fair.
• Free Opportunities to Contest in Election: When there is a level playing ground for politicians to contest elections, and candidates are not imposed by a godfather or godmother or because a candidate is wealthy. There is a need for the best candidate to emerge.
• Placing Less Emphasis on Money: Some politicians believe in the highest bidder takes the lead. The highest bidder is the one who provides the highest amount of money which are given to godfathers and mothers and is then given the party’s mandate to contest election even without passing through primary elections.

Topic: Electoral Malpractices in Nigeria

Electoral Malpractice

Malpractice is the act of failing to do professional duty properly or making a mistake while doing it. E.g. a policeman failing to arrest and prosecute criminals has failed in his responsibilities and this is malpractice.

Electoral malpractice is the failing of all electoral institutions or bodies to carry out elections in the proper or professional ways it is supposed to be done. It is any act that hinders a free and fair election. i.e., it is any act of lawlessness that could stop or discourage people to cast their vote freely and sincerely. To learn more, click here

third term jss2 civic education lesson note  

Topic: ways of preventing electoral malpractices in nigeria.

Consequences of Electoral Malpractice

• Unpopular people will become leaders
• They will use their thuggery and intimidation lifestyle on people
• Hooligans who brought them to power would be the people they appoint in charge of things
• Tribal and ethnic sentiments would be used in selecting and executing government projects
• Money meant for projects will be diverted and embezzled
• Those in power will do all to eliminate their opposition
• The level of illiteracy and poverty will continue

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CIVIC EDUCATION JSS3

On this page, get all Civic Education JSS3 topics from First Term to Third Term. Find them below, study them and excel in your examinations.

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Civic Education Scheme of Work for Junior Secondary School (JSS 3)

Relevant Posts on Civic Education Scheme of Work JSS Classes  Civic Education Scheme of Work for Junior Secondary School (JSS 1) Civic Education Scheme of Work for Junior Secondary School (JSS 2)

CIVIC EDUCATION

JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL (JSS 3)

WEEKS  TOPICS/CONTENTS

  1. THE CONSTITUTION  I. Definition of Constitution II. Types of Constitution III. Identify the Various Colonial Nigeria Constitution   2. THE CONSTITUTION  I. Explain the colonial Nigeria Constitution II. Differentiate between the constitution.   3. FEATURES OF COLONIAL CONSTITUTION  Identify the Features of Colonial Constitutions I. Clifford Constitution II. Richard Constitution III. Macpherson Constitution IV. Lyttleton Constitution V. 1960 independence Constitution   4. COLONIAL CONSTITUTION (Continuation)   5. POST 1960 CONSTITUTIONS 1963 CONSTITUTIONS I. Identify Post Independence Constitutions II. Discuss features of 1963 Constitution   6. POST 1960 CONSTITUTION  I. Identify Republican Constitution II. Discuss Features of 1963 Constitution   7. POST 1960 CONSTITUTION PRESIDENTIAL CONSTITUTION I. 1979, 1987, 1999 Presidential Constitution II. Explain the Different presidential Elections III. Elements of Each of the Constitutions   8. 1960 CONSTITUTIONS  I. Identify the Features of Post Independence II. Discuss the Elements of each of the Post Independent Nigeria Constitutions   9. SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION  I. Explain the Meaning of Supremacy of the Constitution II. Analyze why/Reasons the Constitution is Supreme   10. SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION (Continuation)   11. REVISION   12. EXAMINATION

CIVIC EDUCATION JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL (JSS 3) SECOND TERM   WEEKS  TOPICS/CONTENTS   1. NATIONAL VALUES RIGHT ATTITUDES TO WORK I. Explain the Meaning of Right Attitude to Work II. State the Attributes of Right Attitude to Work III. Identify Rewards for Right Attitude to Work   2. RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK  I. Outline the Importance of Right Attitude to Work II. Discuss the Consequences of not having the Right Attitude to Work   3. RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK (Continuation)   4. COMMUNAL SERVICES  How to Work Together in a Cooperative Manner to Improve the Society   5. NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR  I. Explain the Meaning of Negative Behaviors II. State Examples of Negative Behaviors, e.g. Drug Addiction, Cultism, Disregard for Time, Ostentations Living, etc. III. Explain the Examples Outlined   6. NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR (Continuation)   7. DRUG ABUSE/TRAFFICKING  I. Explain the Meaning of Drug Abuse II. State the Effects of Drug Abuse on the Society   8. EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES  I. Explain the Meaning of Examination Malpractices II. Mention Types/Forms of Examination Malpractices and Its Effects   9. | 10. REVISION   11. | 12. EXAMINATION

CIVIC EDUCATION JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL (JSS 3) THIRD TERM   WEEKS  TOPICS/CONTENTS   1. ELECTIONS  I. State the meaning of Elections II. Mention the Types of Elections   2. IMPORTANCE OF ELECTION  I. Outline the Importance of Elections II. Explain/Describe the Importance of Election in Democratic Society   3. ELECTORAL BODIES IN NIGERIA  I. Identify the Electoral Bodies in Nigeria – INEC, SIEC II. Composition and Roles III. Explain Their Functions   4. FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS  I. Explain the Meaning of Free and Fair Elections with Examples II. State the Importance Need for Free and Fair Elections in Nigeria   5. ELECTORAL MALPRACTICES IN NIGERIA  I. Explain the Meaning of Electoral Malpractices II. Mention the Forms of Electoral Malpractices III. Outline the Causes of Electoral Malpractices   6. WAYS OF PREVENTING ELECTORAL MALPRACTICES IN NIGERIA List the Ways of Preventing Electoral Malpractices   7. DEMOCRATIC PROCESS  I. Explain the Meaning of Voting II. Analyze voters Registration III. Process of voting IV. Importance of voting   8. – 13. REVISION AND  EXAMINATION

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SS3 Third Term Civic Education Lesson Note and Scheme of Work

SS3 Civic Education Lesson Note and Scheme of Work

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First Term Recap:

Quick revision of key concepts from the previous term, including citizenship, national identity, democracy, governance, human rights, rule of law, civic engagement, activism, social justice, equity, and environmental responsibility.

Second Term Recap:

Brief overview of the topics covered in the second term, including civic responsibilities, civic activism, social justice, equity, and environmental responsibility.

Week 1-3: Global Citizenship

Lesson Focus: Understanding the concept of global citizenship

Activities: Research projects on global issues, debates on international relations, and a video conference with a global activist.

Week 4-6: Media Literacy and Civic Education

Lesson Focus: Analyzing the role of media in shaping civic understanding

Activities: Media critique exercises, guest speakers from the media industry, and creating awareness campaigns through various media.

Week 7-9: Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding

Lesson Focus: Exploring strategies for resolving conflicts and promoting peace

Activities: Role-play scenarios on conflict resolution, peacebuilding workshops, and a community peace project.

Week 10: Technology and Civic Responsibility

Lesson Focus: Examining the impact of technology on civic engagement

Activities: Panel discussions on digital citizenship, creating awareness campaigns using social media, and a technology-driven community project.

Week 11: Revision Week

Lesson Focus: Reviewing key concepts from previous weeks

Activities: Quiz competitions, peer teaching sessions, and a review of past assignments.

Week 12: Examination Week

Lesson Focus: Assessment of knowledge gained throughout the term

Activities: Written exams, oral presentations, and practical assessments.

Week 13: School Dismissal Week

Lesson Focus: Wrapping up the academic year and preparing for the next phase

Activities: Reflections on the overall civic education experience, goal-setting for the future, and a closing ceremony.

SS3 Second Term Civic Education Lesson Note and Scheme of Work

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THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR CIVIC EDUCATION JSS 3(BASIC 9)

Junior secondary school scheme of work second term jss3- edudelight.com, ube scheme of work for civic education, second term jss3 civic education scheme of work lagos state, first term scheme of work for civic education jss 3 (basic 9) – modified ii.

• review of last term’s work
• Role of Citizen’s in constitutional development
• Process of constitutional development

3          National Security

• Meaning; The role of citizen in mainting national unity e.g. vigilance, patriotism, obedience etc. 

4. National security agencies

• : Military, Para-Military Services (Civil Defence), Police, State Security Service (SSS), Immigration Service etc

5. Self Employment (1)

• Meaning of self employment
• Forms e.g. Fashion Designing, Carpentary, Decoration, Bead making etc
• Need for self employment

6          Self Employment (2)

•             Sources of funding
•             Agencies promoting self employment
•             Skills acquisition centres i.e. Women Development Centres (WDC)
•             Government Technical Centres

7          Managing for Results

•             Definition of Management
•           Need for effective Management
•   Benefits for effective Management

8          General Revision

9 & 10 JSCE Examination                                           

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NEW SCHEME OF WORK – NATIONAL VALUE EDUCATION JSS 3

First term – national value education (nve) jss 3.

• The Constitution
• Supremacy of the Constitution
• National Values: Right Attitude to Work
• Contents of Social Studies
• Roles of Extended Family Members in Child Development
• Human Trafficking
• Preventing Human Trafficking
• Harmful Traditional Practices
• Common crimes and associated punishment.

Need full Scheme of Work for secondary schools?

Second term – national value education (nve) jss 3.

• Negative Behaviour
• Elections and Electoral Bodies in Nigeria.
• Democratic Process
• Promoting Peaceful Living in our Society
• Social Conflicts
• Managing and Resolving.
• Controlling Cultism in our Society.
• Preventing Drug Trafficking.
• Crimes and National Security.

THIRD TERM – NATIONAL VALUE EDUCATION (NVE) JSS 3

• Revision: The Constitution; Supremacy of the Constitution; National Values: Right Attitude to Work
• Revision: Negative Behaviour; Elections and Electoral Bodies in Nigeria; Democratic Process
• Revision: JSS 2 topics…and more
• Revision of first term work
• Revision of second term work
• Revision of JSS 2 work

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JSS3 Civic education Lesson Notes

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3RD TERM JSS2 CIVIC EDUCATION Scheme of Work and Note

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THIRD TERM E-LEARNING NOTE

SUBJECT: CIVIC EDUCATION CLASS: JSS 2

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK  TOPIC

• Elections and Voters’ Responsibilities.
• Qualification for Registration for Election in Nigeria .
• Electoral Malpractices.
• Illiteracy.
• Revision of First Term work.
• Revision of Second Term work.
• Revision of Third Term work.
• Examination.
• 1ST TERM JSS2 CIVIC EDUCATION Scheme of Work and Note
• 2ND TERM JSS2 CIVIC EDUCATION Scheme of Work and Note

WEEK ONE AND TWO

TOPIC: ELECTIONS AND VOTERS’ RESPONSIBILITIES

• Concept of Elections.
• Concept of a Voter.
• Types of Elections.

CONCEPT OF ELECTION

An election can be defined as an act or process of voting for a candidate to represent the people of a country in the various arms of government. It also means that a process citizens of a country make political choices by voting for competing candidates or parties. In essence, the concept of election implies that the voters have alternatives and can choose among a number of proposals designed to settle an issue of public concerns.

• What is an election?

CONCEPT OF A VOTER

A voter is a person who is eligible to participate in voting. Voters are referred to as the electorates. Voting, on the other hand, is a process of expressing one’s choice of a candidate in an election.

• Who is a voter?

TYPES OF ELECTIONS

The types of election include:

ADVANTAGES OF DIRECT ELECTION

• It is highly democratic.
• It is simple to practice.
• It promotes democracy.
• It engenders equality of voters.

ADVANTAGES OF INDIRECT ELECTION

• It is very cheap.
• It reduces electoral malpractice.
• It enhances quality of law made.
• It reduces political violence.

Mention two advantage s of direct election.

ADVANTAGES OF ELECTORAL COLLEGE

• It is less expensive.
• It produce s winners easily.
• It makes voting very short and easy.
• By-Election: This is an election that is conducted to fill a vacant elective post due to recall, resignation or death of the individual holding a given political office.
• Run-Off Election: This is an election that is re re-conducted due to disqualification or malpractice or annulment of the initial polls or election. It is usually ordered by election tribunal or court.
• Referendum: This is a “yes” or “no” vote of the people particularly on law in a given political systems. It helps the government in knowing the opinion of people about an important issue of national interest or concern.
• Primary Election: This refers to an election conducted within the party to elect the flag-bearer of the party during the general elections.

Mention three types of elections.

GENERAL EVALUATION/ REVISION QUESTIONS

• Mention four types of elections.
• State three major differences among the tiers of government.
• Mention three characteristics of a federation.
• Mention three ways to nurture your talents.

READING ASSIGNMENT

Fundamentals of Civic Education for Basic 8 by Sola Akinyemi, pgs 122-123

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

• An election re-conducted due to disqualification or malpractice, annulment of the initial poll or election is called______ election. A. primary B. secondary C. run-off D. by-election
• A person eligible to vote in an election is called____. A. vote caster B. votee C. voter D. electioneer
• Which of these is regarded as “Yes” or “No” vote? A. Run-off election B. Referendum C. primary D. By-election
• The process by which voters vote directly to elect their representatives for public office is called____ election. A. direct B. indirect C. concept D.digital
• Are elections are integral part of democracy? A. Yes B. No C. Not at all D. Probably

WEEK THREE AND FOUR

QUALIFICATION FOR REGISTRATION FOR ELECTION IN NIGERIA

• Qualification for Elections.
• Responsibilities of Voters.
• Voters’ Rights.

QUALIFICATION FOR ELECTIONS

Under the Electoral act of 2002, to qualify for registration voter in Nigeria , a person must have the following qualifications:

• He must be a citizen of Nigeria : Someone seeking elective post must be a citizen of the country.
• Age: To be eligible to vote in an election, a person must attain the age of 18years. However, those seeking for elective posts like the President, House of Senate and State Governors must have attained the age of 35years but the House of Representatives must be at least 30years old.
• He must belong to a political party: To be voted for, a person must be a member of one of the registered political parties in the country. Independent candidature is not recognized in Nigeria .
• Educational Qualification: The minimum qualification needed to be voted into the parliament in Nigeria is the West African School Certificate(WASC).
• Crime-free: To contest for any elective post in Nigeria , the candidate must not have any criminal record. This means that he must not be an ex-convict for any crime committed.
• Sanity: Anybody contesting for any elective position must not be insane. Hence, he must be of sound mind.
• Tax payment: The candidate must provide the evidence oftax payment over a period of time.

State three qualifications for elections

RESPONSIBILITIES OF VOTERS

• He must respect the privacy of other voters.
• Treat electoral officers.
• Know the location of his polling place and its hours operation.
• Familiarize himself with candidates.
• Participate in election by coming out to vote.
• Follow instructions concerning voting procedures.
• Follow all federal and state voting laws.
• Mention four responsibilities of voters.

VOTERS’ RIGHTS

• Right to vote if they registered.
• Right to ask questions on election process or procedure.
• Right to preview a sample ballot before voting.
• Right to vote in privacy and freedom from coercion or intimidation.
• Right to receive assistance if the voter is blind; have physical disability or inability to read English or any Nigeria n languages.

PROCEDURE FOR VOTING

Each qualified voter is expected to have registered before the election day so as to avoid unnecessary rush and waste the time of others. At the registration center, he will be given a voter’s card which qualifies him for voting on the election day. On election day, the electorate goes to the centre where he will accredited for voting having presented his voter’s card. Afterwards, he is given the ballot paper where all the political parties and their logos are written.

IMPORTANCE OF ELECTION

• It provides opportunity for choosing leaders.
• It checks the excesses of leaders.
• It makes the change of government easy and peaceful.
• It provides opportunity for political education.

State three voters’ right

• State three voters’ right.
• State three benefits of the rule of law.
• Mention four limitations of the rule of law.

Fundamentals of Civic Education for Basic 8 by Sola Akinyemi, pgs 126-130

• The voting age in Nigeria is____ years. A. 15 B. 20 C. 18 D.25
• All the following can contest for elections in Nigeria except____. A. an adult B. a sane person C. an ex-convict D. a teacher
• All these are voters’ right except____. A. right to vote in privacy B. right to vote if registered C. right to ask questions on election process or procedure D. right to vote even if not registered
• The most important requirement for any elective post in any country is_____. A. tax payment B. citizenship C. educational background D. tribe
• Anybody contesting for the post of governor must have the age of____. A. 40 B. 35 C. 45 D. 37
• Mention three rights’ of voters.

WEEKFIVE AND SIX

ELECTORAL MALPRACTICE

• Forms of electoral malpractices.
• Causes of electoral malpractices.
• Consequences of electoral malpractices.
• Solutions to electoral malpractices.

MEANING OF ELECTORAL MALPRACTICE

Electoral malpractice can be defined as an illegal interference with electoral process. It is also called electoral fraud or voters’ fraud. It includes illegal registration, intimidation at polling station and improper counting of votes.

What are electoral malpractices?

FORMS OF ELECTORAL MALPRACTICES

• Use of fake ballot papers: When fake ballot papers are used for casting vote, such papers are used for multi-voting purposes so that a particular candidate can win the elections.
• Underage voting: This is a situation when youths beneath below the constitutionally approved voting age are made to vote. This usually happens where the population of a particular area has more under age voters.
• The use of thugs: This is a situation where thugs are used by political parties scare the electorates in doing their own bidding or denying them of performing their civic duties through the aid of weapons.
• Financial inducement: Voters may be given money or other rewards to vote for a particular candidate though, this may be their choice. This can as well be through the church or mosque where the pastor or imam will tell their followers to vote for a particular candidate.
• Ballot stuffing: This occurs when the electorates cast more than votes expected. It simply means stuffing multiple ballot papers into the ballot boxes in favour of a particular party or its candidate. It can be in form of voting in many polling booths for the same party or its candidate.
• Artificial scarcity of electoral materials: This is a situation where there is a deliberate denial of the electorates of voting materials such as ballot boxes, papers to frustrate them. This usually happens in areas where a particular candidate has a strong presence and could be hardly be defeated.
• Mention three electoral malpractices.

CAUSES OF ELECTORAL MALPRACTICES

• Crave for power: Many politicians engage in what is called “do or die” politics. This is because they want political power at all cost. Such politicians are such that engage in looting the government treasury.
• Poverty: Some electorates are easily won over through the distribution of food items, clothes, money, shoes and so on. In essence, their conscience can be bought especially when their immediate needs are met.
• Bribery and corruption: Some electoral officers often connive with some politicians so as to inflate their votes. When these officers have been bought with money, they tend to overlook what is happening to the ballot boxes and papers.
• Influence of the party in power: The electoral body often is at the mercy of the government in power. There might be an “order from above”to favour the candidates of the party in power.
• Lack of stiff punishments for the offenders: When laws are broken and the perpetrators are not brought to face the wrath of the law, it encourages others to continue since they know that there will be little or no punishment.
• Godfathers: This is a situation where an influential personality in the society often dictates the results of elections in the state. One of such prominent figures was the late Chief LamidiAdedibu, who was very influential in Oyo State, Nigeria .

CONSEQUENCES OF ELECTORAL MALPRACTICES

Some of the effects of electoral malpractices are as follows:

• Bad leadership: This is the number one consequence of electoral malpractices. When the wrong people are in government, there is bound to be slow development, lack of vision and corruption.
• Riots and chaos: Violence, destruction of houses and property are some of the aftermath of electoral malpractices. In most cases, precious lives are lost in the mayhem over election results.
• Loss of interest in voting: Whenever election results are manipulated, the voters might not be interested in voting in subsequent elections.
• Bad image: Whenever there is constant electoral malpractices, the international community will view such country from the perspective of corruption. This often makes foreign investors not to come to such a country that could not handle elections.

suspended and the country will be ruled through decrees.

State three consequences of electoral malpractices

SOLUTIONS TO ELECTORAL MALPRACTICE

Electoral malpractice can be prevented. However, the following steps should be considered:

• Proper planning by the electoral body: The electoral commission in charge of elections should do proper planning of the elections so that there will be no loopholes which could enable desperate politicians to hijack the electoral process.
• Non-interference in electoral matters: The government in power should not meddle into the operations of the electoral commission before, during and after elections.
• Education of the electorates: The agency in charge of orientation should do its best to organize programmes that will educate and enlighten the electorates concerning what is expected of them before, during and after the elections
• Adequate security: Security agents should be stationed at every polling booth to protect the electoral officers and materials. They must not be partisan in their operation.
• Re-orientation of politicians: Politicians should be made accountable for any of their activities. In essence, they must be educated concerning their attitude to the electoral process. They should be orientated about their love for their country.
• Impartiality of the judiciary: The judiciary is often described as the hope of the masses. Therefore, it is important this body to be steadfast in its operation. There should be no sacred cow when judgment is given.
• Mention four solutions to electoral malpractices.
• State three consequences of electoral malpractices.
• State four importance of discipline in a society.

Fundamentals of Civic Education for Basic 8 by Sola Akinyemi, pgs 133-141

• A situation where children below voting are made to vote is called____ voting. A. void B. underage C. unconstitutional D. chaotic
• Election malpractice is caused by the following except_____. A. poverty B. crave for power C. bribery and corruption D. strong passion to serve the nation
• Consequences of electoral malpractice include the following except_____. A. riots and chaos B. bad image C. good leadership D. loss of interest in voting
• When a person is called a “sacred cow” in life, it usually means that the person is said to be___. A. under the law B. above the law C. dangerous D. loved

B. desire to make Nigeria great C. lack of political education D. poverty

• Define electoral malpractices.
• Consequences.

MEANING OF ILLITERACY

According to the United Nations (U.N), illiteracy is the inability to read and write a simple sentence in any language. Illiteracy is a common social problem in Nigeria . Various administrations through their policies have been fighting it, looking for ways to eradicate it. For instance, late Chief ObafemiAwolowo in 1955 initiated the Universal Primary Education (UPE), making it compulsory for every child in the then Western Nigeria , to go through the primary education.

What is illiteracy?

CAUSES OF ILLITERACY

• Poverty: This is a major cause for illiteracy. This is the inability of many families to send their children to school due to lack of funds.
• Crave for wealth: To many youths, going to school is a waste of time. They believe that since the essence of education is to make money, so they rather go into businesses and learn how to be rich faster.
• Loss of bread winners: Some children could not go to school as a result of the death of the person sponsoring them. Often, most drop out due to lack of funds.
• Traditions and values of the society: In some societies like Nigeria , the girl- child is not given much importance compared to the man- child. Hence, she is made not to attend school. Also, some societies see education as a threat to their customs and traditions,
• Inconsistent educational policies: Political instabilities cause constant change in educational policies. Some regimes have beautiful plans while others are often non-challant about it.
• Mention three causes of illiteracy.

CONSEQUENCES OF ILLITERACY

• It breeds inferiority complex: When the illiterates are in the midst of educated people, they could feel inferior because of the inability to relate well with them.
• It may lead to complete ignorance: Illiteracy might deny them the opportunity of reading vital information about many issues that can positively affect them.
• It often breeds poverty and crime: Due to his inability to read and write well, a person might not be able to get a very good job with fat pay. When this happens, he often ventures into armed robbery.

inability to relate effectively, they are often duped of their fortunes in the course of seeking assistance in completing bank documents.

State three consequences of illiteracy

SOLUTIONS TO ILLITERACY

• Free education at all level s.
• Mass literacy campaign.
• Consistent government policies.
• Government should provide more funds to the education sector.
• All children should have equal access to education.
• Mention four solutions to illiteracy.
• State three consequences of illiteracy.
• State four benefits of democracy.

Fundamentals of Civic Education for Basic 8 by Sola Akinyemi, pgs 156-160.

C. ObafemiAwolowo D. Samuel Akintola

A. writing disability B. dysfunctional education C. illiteracy D. reading disability

C. economic development D. complete ignorance

• A major cause of illiteracy is____. A. poverty in many families B. inadequate library in the society C. lack of government vehicle to take pupils/students to school D. inability of the government to buy books for those willing to attend school
• The Universal Primary Education (UPE) was initiated in ____. A. 1976 B. 1955 C. 1961 D. 1980
• Define illiteracy.
• Mention three solutions to the problem of illiteracy.

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