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Successful Air Force Academy Essay Examples

Trisha Dach

10 minute read

The following are Air Force Academy essay examples from cadets who have won appointments to the USAFA in the past few years. We will provide commentary at the end of each essay as to why each of these answers to USAFA’s questions is effective. For information on all the USAFA’s application requirements, read our  Ultimate Guide to getting into the Air Force Academy 

Describe a setback or ethical dilemma that you have faced. How did you resolve it? How did the outcome affect you? Most importantly, what did you learn about yourself and how would you handle a similar situation in the future? (500 words max)

It is difficult to have to confront a problem with an adult. I had an incident in my high school where I had to step forward and help my peers in the class while continuing to show deference to our teacher. Through this experience, I learned how to show respect to everyone involved and come to a successful resolution.

During my junior year of high school, all the assignments in my math class were being graded after our unit exams. This negatively impacted me and my peers throughout the first half of the year. I believed that the late grading of our assignments was unfair for two reasons:  students were unable to determine their errors and ask for help before the test and also were not given the opportunity to revise their work for a higher grade before the test.

I was faced with the issue of having to address this issue with our teacher.  My classmates turned to me because they knew that the teacher respected my opinion and that I was the best person to reach out to her and see if something could be done.  I first asked my parents and my advisor at school for their opinion. They both told me that a well-written email is the most effective and best way to address the situation. I wrote a draft of the email and brought it to them and they told me how I could improve it.  I then made the revisions and sent it to the teacher. Shortly after I received a response from her saying she never realized the negative effects of grading so late and that she would grade earlier in the future.  She thanked me for my candidness and honesty.

As a result of this challenge, I learned a lot about solving problems.  I learned how to respectfully address problems with my elders and how to take initiative when something is negatively affecting my peers. Overall, it is better to confront issues and take a leadership role in effecting change than to sit on the sidelines and do nothing.

• Commentary:

Essays 1 and 2 are personal and do not lend themselves to a “cookie-cutter” essay solution.  Military officers do the right thing for the right reasons, all the time. It means doing the right thing whether someone is watching or not. They are loyal first to the Constitution and nation, then to the institutional Air Force, then to their units, then to their wingmen, and finally to themselves. They do not tolerate deviations from what is right from subordinates, peers, superiors, or friends. In Essay 1 if you can show that you were an ethical leader this will be a bonus compared to making an ethical decision simply on your own.  Note in this case that the student was elected by her peers to confront her teacher, a difficult decision that required courage and candor.   While not a strictly ethical issue, not confronting the problem would have made the issue worse not just for her, but for everyone in her class.  She was a selfless servant leader who was respected by her peers to fix a difficult situation.

Note: Essay 2 is new for the USAFA Class of 2029.

Describe a leadership experience that has meaning for you. A leadership role can mean more than just a title. It can mean being a mentor to others, acting as the person in charge of a specific task, or taking the lead role in organizing an event or project. Think about what you accomplished and what you learned from the experience. What were your responsibilities? (500 words max)

One of the most meaningful leadership experiences for me was organizing and leading a group of 15 hikers to summit all 25 recognized high peaks in the Smoky Mountains within a month. This endeavor was not only a test of physical endurance but also a profound lesson in servant leadership, where the primary goal was to support and uplift my team members.

The journey began with extensive planning and preparation. I took on the responsibility of organizing the itinerary, ensuring everyone had the necessary gear, and arranging for provisions. On the first leg of our trek, the physical demands quickly became evident. Many in the group, including myself, felt sore and exhausted. However, I knew that my role as a leader was to maintain a positive and encouraging atmosphere. Despite my own fatigue, I made a conscious effort to uplift my team by offering words of encouragement and setting a steady, manageable pace.

As we progressed, several team members faced personal challenges. One member, Sarah, struggled with altitude sickness, while another, Mike, experienced knee pain. In these moments, servant leadership was crucial. I assisted Sarah in managing her symptoms by adjusting our pace and ensuring she stayed hydrated and rested when needed. For Mike, I shared the load of his backpack and encouraged regular breaks to ease his discomfort. These actions were essential in keeping the group’s morale high and ensuring that everyone felt supported.

Throughout the trek, I emphasized the importance of collective achievement over individual success. I encouraged team members to share their strengths, such as navigation skills or first aid knowledge, which fostered a sense of camaraderie and mutual support. One memorable instance was when we faced a particularly challenging climb. Instead of pushing ahead, I stayed with the slower members, offering guidance and encouragement. This not only helped them overcome the obstacle but also reinforced the value of teamwork and mutual support within the group.

The culmination of our journey was reaching the final peak. The satisfaction I felt was not just from achieving the goal but from seeing the joy and pride on my team members’ faces. Knowing that my leadership had helped them reach this point was incredibly rewarding. This experience taught me that true leadership is about serving others, prioritizing their needs, and fostering an environment where everyone can succeed.

Through this experience, I learned valuable lessons about resilience, empathy, and the impact of servant leadership. I realized that a leader’s role is to empower and uplift their team, even in the face of personal challenges. This journey in the Smoky Mountains reinforced my commitment to leading with compassion and dedication, qualities that I am eager to bring to the Air Force Academy and to my future as a Space Force officer.

Military officers are comfortable working in teams and they value the inherent strengths that come from teams made up of people with different backgrounds and perspectives. They are respectful of others. They are selfless and work toward the goals of the team and realize that high performing teams are characterized by common goals, shared responsibility for success, and appropriate leadership-followership relationships.

Note again that the candidate mostly emphasizes teamwork and being a member of the team in accomplishing his goals and realizing his signature strengths.  He climbed the peaks of the Great Smoky Mountains but also helped his teammates accomplish this goal. This candidate is humble and a team player—characteristics prized by the military.  He is certainly not a selfish “lone wolf.”  He ends the essay by stating again his desire to be an Air Force officer and to serve.

Please provide any additional information or background you believe will be of assistance in evaluating your application. (500 words max)

The United States has granted me freedoms, rights, and opportunities for which I feel a great debt. A tangible way to honor my debt is to serve in the military. My father, who served as an Air Force officer, introduced me to the armed forces and cultivated the high regard I have for veterans. This appreciation matured through my service at Memorial Day marches and Veteran’s Day breakfasts as a Scout. These life experiences drove me to actively consider my future at the Air Force Academy.

To further my knowledge, I visited my local Air National Guard unit. There I met LtCol David Tuttle, a C-17 pilot, who detailed his experiences as a pilot as well as a squadron commander. I recognize being an officer is more than a job; it is a commitment to leadership, excellence, and selflessness, which I am driven to fulfill seriously and wholly.

While speaking with Maj Thomas Doyle, an Air Force intelligence officer who works with LtCol Tuttle, he elaborated on the value of teamwork and camaraderie espoused by the Air force. As the captain of the speech team, it is my duty to place the team before myself. I always feel more gratified in a celebratory huddle after a team win than being alone on stage after winning an individual event, and the Air Force provides a purposeful way to develop and apply my proclivity for teamwork.

In short, my duty to the United States, interactions with members of the Air Force, and a cadet lifestyle that can best shape me into a career officer are the reasons I wish to become an Air Force Academy cadet. Being awarded an opportunity to develop my capabilities in leadership, fitness, scholarship, and ethics in preparation for a career as an Air Force officer would be an honor.

The author firmly believes that what this essay should not be is a laundry list or rundown of what the applicant achieved in high school or why the applicant believes he/she is an outstanding leader. The attitude that AFA may get out of essays such as these are: “Hey, I’m a talented wonderful person and you have to select me because of my past accomplishments.”

But—how can the applicant really say this if they have no idea of what life will be like as a cadet and future officer?

What should the applicant do instead?

Do research about the Air Force, talk to officers and cadets, visit a local Air National Guard or Reserve unit, and “shadow” an officer for a few hours. Learn all one can about what the challenges are in-store at AFA and what life will be like as a future officer.

Then, when the applicant writes Statement #3, talk about those experiences in the essay. Be humble. The candidate should tell AFA that he/she did his/her due diligence to understand the challenges ahead.  Additionally, the candidate should tell AFA that he/she has prepared as best he/she can (speak to past leadership experiences) and feel confident that, based on past leadership and these visits/talks, he/she is up to the task of being an officer candidate and a future military officer.

If one writes this type of essay for Statement #3, he/she will be in the 5% category of those who have gone out of their way to actually validate the statement that they are ready to be an Air Force officer candidate.

Final Thoughts for Your USAFA Application Essays

The candidate needs to make sure the essays are well-constructed and free of organization and grammar issues. Ironically, the optional #3 essay may be the most important to fill out because you can make this essay stand out from the pack by doing the extra things like visiting an Air National Guard unit or talking with currently serving Air Force officers.  Do your best on #1 and #2 but separate yourself on Statement #3. If you do the above things, you are that much closer to a USAFA appointment!

Ready to start your USAFA application?  Begin the application process with USAFA here .

Article Contents

Examples of essays that won service academy appointments, do you need help crafting a compelling essay for service academy admissions, related posts.

See What Worked

Former Air Force Captain Trisha Dach served as an Intelligence Officer from 2011-2018. A graduate of the Air Force Academy, Trisha has helped hundreds of candidates earn a service academy appointment or ROTC scholarships, with over a 90% success rate with clients. Click here to learn more about Captain Dach.

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Home » Academy Endeavors Blog » USAFA ESSAYS: HOW TO WRITE OUSTANDING ESSAYS TO GET INTO THE AIR FORCE ACADEMY

USAFA ESSAYS: HOW TO WRITE OUSTANDING ESSAYS TO GET INTO THE AIR FORCE ACADEMY

Academy Endeavors provides guidance on every Service Academy essay question.

USAFA Essays up next!

USAFA Essay #1:

Question: Describe a setback or ethical dilemma that you have faced. How did you resolve it? How did the outcome affect you? Most importantly, what did you learn about yourself and how would you handle a similar situation in the future? (3000 characters max)

Answer: Admissions wants to learn about how you respond to adversity, make choices under pressure, and bounce back and grow from it. Choose a topic that was difficult for you.

This is an invitation to tell a story. Use the STAR framework (Situation-Task-Action-Result) to explain the the steps you took to address the challenge, the lessons you learned along the way, and how you would handle a similar situation in the future.

Oftentimes, its the topic that gets people stuck. What should I write about? How my girlfriend broke up with me? How I was injured playing basketball? Here’s our take: first, brainstorm 3 examples of times when you were at your lowest or most challenged spot. Write those down. Next, think about the attributes you want to communicate about yourself. When you read them, which one most communicate “fit” as a future leader of character in a 50-year old Colonel’s eyes?

When you have the right topic, and stick to the STAR framework, this one will be a home run.

USAFA Essay #2:

Question: What attributes, life experiences, unique perspectives, and/or special talents do you possess that would contribute to the classroom, student body, and/or Air Force Academy? (3000 characters max)

Answer: This prompt is an invitation to tell a story.

The #1 rule of Academy essay writing is “show, don’t tell.” It’s more powerful to display your resilience through a story than to say “I have great resilience.”

Think of two attributes or experiences, and give a supporting example/story for each.

The most challenging part of this essay is which attributes or experiences to choose, so try this. Look at your resume, and ask yourself, “do I have a story for that?” If it has an impressive result where you overcame an obstacle or solved a problem, then the answer is “yes.” However, if your story has no result or no problem to be overcome, its not a story.

End this essay discussing your AF career goal, intended major, and concrete plan for how you want to contribute to USAFA.

USAFA Essay #3:

Answer: Ohhh the dreaded open-ended essay question. What am I supposed to do with this?

This is a great opportunity to feature something (or multiple things) about yourself that hasn’t already been mentioned.

First, read USAFA essays 1 and 2. Don’t duplicate anything they’ve already seen. Next, read your Resume, Congressional essay, or other Academy essays to see impressive stories or qualities that haven’t been mentioned yet. You could approach this as 2-3 mini-essays if they were brief.

This question can also be an opportunity to potentially address a weakness in your application. (i.e. C+ in Chemistry, gap in extracurriculars, etc.) If you do, take responsibility, but also explain the extenuating circumstances, so it doesn’t appear like you are hiding from it.

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United States Air Force Academy | Air Force

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Want to see your chances of admission at United States Air Force Academy | Air Force?

We take every aspect of your personal profile into consideration when calculating your admissions chances.

United States Air Force Academy | Air Force’s 2023-24 Essay Prompts

Common app personal essay.

The essay demonstrates your ability to write clearly and concisely on a selected topic and helps you distinguish yourself in your own voice. What do you want the readers of your application to know about you apart from courses, grades, and test scores? Choose the option that best helps you answer that question and write an essay of no more than 650 words, using the prompt to inspire and structure your response. Remember: 650 words is your limit, not your goal. Use the full range if you need it, but don‘t feel obligated to do so.

Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story.

The lessons we take from obstacles we encounter can be fundamental to later success. Recount a time when you faced a challenge, setback, or failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the experience?

Reflect on a time when you questioned or challenged a belief or idea. What prompted your thinking? What was the outcome?

Reflect on something that someone has done for you that has made you happy or thankful in a surprising way. How has this gratitude affected or motivated you?

Discuss an accomplishment, event, or realization that sparked a period of personal growth and a new understanding of yourself or others.

Describe a topic, idea, or concept you find so engaging that it makes you lose all track of time. Why does it captivate you? What or who do you turn to when you want to learn more?

Share an essay on any topic of your choice. It can be one you‘ve already written, one that responds to a different prompt, or one of your own design.

What will first-time readers think of your college essay?

Air Force resume example

Are you ready to take the next step in your Air Force career?

You can continue to make a real difference by commanding, training, and supporting your fellow Air Force personnel.

But first, you need to secure the role, and we can help you to do this. Check out our comprehensive writing tips and Air Force resume example in the guide below.

Resume templates 

Air Force Resume Example

This Air Force Officer resume example gives you a good idea of how a good Air Force resume should look and read.

The information is presented professionally and the content is well structured to ensure that time-strapped recruiters and hiring managers can find the important skills and knowledge quickly.

Refer to this example as you write your own resume.

Air Force resume layout and formatting

Formatting is often overlooked when writing resume, but it’s a crucial element of it”s success.

Creating a document that not only looks good, but is easily comprehended, is the key to gaining and holding the attention of busy hiring managers.

Use these formatting tips for best results.

Formatting your resume

• Length: As recruiters have a limited amount of time to review each resume they see, keep your resume to 2 pages or less to increase the chances of it being thoroughly reviewed.
• Font & readability : Readability is the name of the game when it comes to your resume. Ensure yours is a dream to read by using a simple clear font, and breaking the text up with plenty of bullet points and short paragraphs.
• Layout & Structure: Your resume should look appealing – but don’t overlook functionality when it comes to design. Organise the page into clear sections using bold headings and borders.
• Photos: Although it’s not mandatory to include a photo on your resume in the United States, it may be a good idea to do so in certain regions and industries where it is preferred.

Quick tip: Achieving a professional look for your resume can be difficult and time-consuming. If you want to create an attractive resume quickly, try our quick-and-easy Resume Builder and use one of their eye-catching resume templates.

Resume layout

Include the following sections when you write your resume .

• Name and contact details – Make it easy for employers to contact you, by putting these at the top.
• Resume summary – An intro paragraph sitting at the top of your resume, summarizing the reasons why you should be hired.
• Skills section – A short snappy list of your most important skills, that can be quickly digested
• Work experience – Reverse chronological list of your previous jobs – voluntary work and college placements can be included if you have no paid experience.
• Education – List your qualifications and professional training.
• Additional info – An optional section for things like hobbies and interests.

Here’s what to include in each part of your resume.

Contact Details

Keep your contact details short to save resume space and include the following.

• Name and profession title
• Cell phone number
• Location – Add your local area such as Silicon Valley or New York , unless you are looking for work in a different location
• Email address – Keep it professional and don’t use an old address that you thought was cool in high school, but now looks a bit embarrassing.

You can add a link to your LinkedIn profile if you have one – you do not need to include personal details like date of birth or marital status.

Air Force Resume Summary

Grab the attention of recruiters right away by including a compelling summary at the top of your resume that summarizes your most valuable skills and experience.

This brief yet impactful section enables you to demonstrate why you’re the best candidate for the job and convince recruiters to keep reading.

How to create a resume summary that will excite recruiters:

• Keep it short: Aim for a short punchy paragraph of 4-7 lines. This is just enough info to showcase why you’d make the perfect hire, without going into excessive detail and overwhelming busy recruiters at such an early stage in the resume.
• Tailor to target jobs: To mirror your target jobs, scrutinize the job description and include as many relevant skills as possible in your resume.
• Avoid using cliches: Although you may believe that you’re a “ team player who always gives 110%, ” these kinds of cliches don’t communicate much about your skills and qualifications to potential employers. It’s more effective to stick to factual information in your resume.

Air Force Officer resume summary example

What to include in your air force resume summary.

• Summary of your experience: What kind of companies have you worked for in the past? And which jobs have you carried out?
• Relevant skills: Instantly showcase your suitability for Air Force jobs by including your skills that are highly relevant to them.
• Qualifications: Any qualifications that are important to the Air Force jobs you are applying for, should be mentioned in the summary.

Quick tip: Choose from hundreds of pre-written summaries across all industries, and add one to your resume with one-click in our quick-and-easy Resume Builder . All written by recruitment experts and easily tailored to suit your unique skillset and style.

Core skills section

Next, you should create a bullet pointed list of your core skills, formatted into 2-3 columns.

Here, you should focus on including the most important skills or knowledge listed in the job advertisement.

This will instantly prove that you’re an ideal candidate, even if a recruiter only has time to briefly scan your resume.

Best skills for your Air Force resume

Aircraft maintenance – Maintaining and repairing aircrafts, including engines, avionics, and mechanical systems, to ensure safe and efficient flight operations.

Flight operations – Maintaining knowledge of flight operations, including flight planning, air traffic control, and navigation, to ensure safe and efficient flight operations.

Weapons handling – Maintaining an in depth understanding of weapon systems and safety procedures, including handling, loading, and unloading of weapons, to ensure the safe and effective use of weapons in combat situations.

Emergency response – Responding quickly and effectively in emergency situations, including aircraft crashes, fires, and other disasters, to minimize damage and save lives.

Communications technology – Maintaining knowledge of communications technology, including radios, satellites, and computer networks, to maintain communication with other aircraft and ground personnel.

Leadership and management – Leading and managing teams of personnel, including pilots, technicians, and support staff, to ensure mission success.

Security protocols – Maintaining an in depth understanding of security protocols and procedures, including access control, perimeter security, and threat assessment, to ensure the safety and security of personnel and equipment.

Cultural competency – Working effectively with individuals from diverse backgrounds, including foreign nationals, to ensure effective collaboration and communication in international missions.

Logistics and supply chain management – Maintaining a strong understanding of logistics and supply chain management, including procurement, inventory management, and distribution, to ensure that personnel and equipment are properly supplied and supported.

Physical fitness – Maintaining physical fitness, including strength, endurance, and agility, to ensure that personnel can perform their duties in physically demanding situations.

Quick tip: Our quick-and-easy Resume Builder contains thousands of in-demand skills for every profession that can be added to your resume in seconds – saving you time and greatly improving your chances of landing job interviews and getting hired.

Work experience

Now that you’ve reeled recruiters in with your awesome summary, it’s time to delve into your work experience.

Here you’ll list your previous jobs (starting with your most recent and working backward) and showcase how you apply your skills in the workplace.

Provide lots of detail in recent jobs, and less in older roles.

If you have no relevant paid experience, you can include voluntary work and placements – but if you have lots of experience, you can leave out some of the really old jobs.

Structuring your jobs

You probably do a lot in your job, so its vital to break all of that information down into a good structure.

Structure your jobs as follows to make it easy for recruiters to skim through and pinpoint the essential info.

Job outline

Begin each job with a short summary of who the organization is, where you sit within it, and what the main goal of your position is.

Key responsibilities

Next, write up a punchy list of your daily duties and responsibilities, using short bullet points.

Describe how you apply your skills and contribute to the running of the employer’s business – highlighting skills which are applicable to your target jobs.

Key achievements

Show employers the value you can bring to them by adding a few achievements to your jobs.

Whether you’ve saved the company money or improved an internal process, let recruiters know

Add some numbers to give readers a real scale of the impact, e.g. “reduced call wait time by 10%”

Example job for an Air Force Officer resume

Teach leadership curriculum to future officers, as well as participate in forecasting, budgeting, manpower allocation, and resource distribution, for the service branch of the United States Armed Forces that focuses on air warfare, air defense, and the development of military space research.

Key Responsibilities

• Coordinate the planning and organization of flying operations and aircrew training activities of assigned unit forces.
• Support military operations to ensure combat, humanitarian, disaster relief, and logistical processes are effectively carried out.
• Conduct troop leading procedures and military decision-making functions, while formulating operations orders for personnel.
• Manage individual/collective training critical for performing tasks to succeed in battle.

Quick tip: Create impressive job descriptions easily in our quick-and-easy Resume Builder by adding pre-written job phrases for every industry and career stage.

Education section

Nearing the end of your resume, your education/qualifications section should be added.

In a well-structured list, add all of your qualifications and certifications that qualify you to perform a typical Air Force role.

If you have plenty of work experience, keep this section brief – if not, add lots of detail to make up for your lack of experience.

Additional information

The bottom of your resume is a place to add any “additional info”

Any other info that didn’t fall into any of the previous sections can be added here.

If you have hobbies that are related to your profession or any awards or publications – add them here.

Writing your own winning Air Force resume

Following the steps in this guide will help you to create a winning Air Force resume and bag lots of interviews.

Good luck with your job search!

How To Write A Resume Essay

Writing a resume essay is a tricky thing to do. It can be  difficult for even experienced writers  to create an interesting, persuasive piece that appeals to employers. That is why it is so common to use templates or generic resumes with tweaks here and there.  

However, this may not work in every situation! If your career has some major changes coming up (or maybe you just don’t like what you are writing at the moment), then it is worth looking into other types of resumes.

If yours need revamping, there are many ways to go about doing it. The best way depends on your personal style, what messages you want to send, and how you feel about yourself as a person.

Create a good outline for your resume essay

Now that you have done some research, gathered some samples, and organized all of your materials, it is time to start writing!

When writing a resume essay, there are several components that must be established first. These include an introduction, body, and a conclusion.

The introduction should tell who you are and what you want to achieve with your career.  This is followed by the body, which is typically where you describe past experiences. The body can also be used to emphasize why you are qualified for a position and how well you performed during previous jobs. Your conclusion reiterates your goal and describes how you will contribute to the employer’s company as a member of the staff.

With this structure in place, now you can begin writing about yourself and your achievements. Stay focused and try to use examples that relate to the job opening they represent.

Use an eye-catching title

Now that you have addressed the overall structure of your resume essay, it is time to think about what to include in your resume. While some employers may not read beyond the first few lines of your application, they will probably spend several minutes reading through your career highlights and achievements.

As such, it is important to make sure that these things can be seen easily by potential employers. The trick is to pick a strong theme or focus each body paragraph on, then use this focused content as supporting examples.

Your goal should be to create a powerful overall message which inspires action. If possible, refer back to the initial body paragraph or bullet point to reinforce this. Make sure to organize your thoughts and writing process to flow naturally without too much interruption.

General rules apply when proofreading and editing your work, so be careful to stick to them! Avoid using short forms or slang words. Use appropriate grammar and vocabulary to convey messages clearly.

Begin writing

Now that you have done some research, gathered your thoughts, and picked your career goal or career field, it is time to start writing!

Your resume should be a concise document that leaves no room for interpretation. It should grab their attention within the first few lines and show off your skills and achievements clearly.

Do not underestimate how much content matters in a successful resume, so make sure to keep that tip in mind as you write. Make sure to include enough details about yourself and your career goals.

Make sure to proofread your essay several times to ensure that there are no mistakes.

Ideas about what to write on the main body

Now that you have addressed how to begin, you will want to know what to include in the body of your essay. You should devote at least two paragraphs to this step!

In the first paragraph, you can discuss why you are qualified for a position. It is important to emphasize your strengths, but also note any weaknesses or areas where you feel you do not possess enough knowledge.

You may also mention some experiences or achievements that are related to the job posting. For example, if the advertisement asked whether you had supervised employees before, then you could talk about a project as an intern or assistant manager.

Your second paragraph should be dedicated to discussing how well you fit into the organization’s culture. This includes things such as whether you would be able to handle their current projects, and if there are any opportunities available to you.

If possible, add testimonials and references from past employers or colleagues. These proofs help bolster your confidence and message, while also supporting your case.

Even if you use templates, it is not the same as writing yourself! Your career will depend on how well you represent yourself, so make sure yours says good things about you.

Include examples of achievements that show who you are as a person. Tell stories that emphasize your strengths. Include testimonials and proof of success.

Remember, this essay does not have to be longer than one page, but it should be full of information. Take your time and edit out anything that you do not feel fits.

Good luck with all of your applications! May God bless you richly.

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• Service Academy Discussion
• Air Force Academy - USAFA

Hoping to attend USAFA...check out my resume?

• Thread starter howacupcake
• Start date Jun 18, 2011

howacupcake

• Jun 18, 2011

Nice resume, but yes your SAT score is low. The average is 30-31 on the ACT which is about a 1350 on the SAT. USAFA doesn't count the writing section. Take both the SAT and ACT as many times as you can since they superstore taking the best scores from each section. If you haven't taken the ACT, I strongly suggest you try it. Students often score differently on the two tests. USAFA will accept scores from either test and will use the highest score for your WCS.  

Blackbird said: Nice resume, but yes your SAT score is low. The average is 30-31 on the ACT which is about a 1350 on the SAT. USAFA doesn't count the writing section. Take both the SAT and ACT as many times as you can since they superstore taking the best scores from each section. If you haven't taken the ACT, I strongly suggest you try it. Students often score differently on the two tests. USAFA will accept scores from either test and will use the highest score for your WCS. Click to expand...

You've probably already done this, but I picked up a study guide. It helped me increase my scores across the board.  

A1CGood said: You've probably already done this, but I picked up a study guide. It helped me increase my scores across the board. Click to expand...

A couple of comments- Your involvement in sports is minimal--just 1 year of track and 1 year of CC. What happened in between? Physical fitness is a huge part of the academy. Are you involved in anything outside of school? City league soccer, softball, etc.? List that if you have other sports--they don't all have to be school related. I also would format your resume differently when you submit it to the academy or your MOC's. List an activity with bullet points underneath it showing all the achievements/positions held in that activity. Its easier to follow your involvement and growth in it through leadership positions etc. than showing what you did year by year in high school. For example, you could list Medical Club, and then underneath as bullet points show President in 10th grade and Secretary in 11th. You may also want to give a very brief description what some of these activities are (for example Medical Club) since they aren't as common as something like National Honor Society or AFJROTC. You seem to have a lot of activities, which is OK as long as you can show true involvement and aren't just listing them to pad your resume. The academy likes quality over quantity (meaning its better to have 4+ years experience with 2 or 3 groups including multiple officer positions than having 1 year of involvement each in 10 different activities where all you did was show up for a meeting once a month.) All of the things you list on your resume will be discussed in your interview with your ALO (assuming you are designated a potential candidate) so just be sure you can highlight all your accomplishments, details of leadership positions held, etc.  

howacupcake said: Thanks! I have picked up a study guide. I really need to study it. What were your scores? (if you dont mind telling) Click to expand...

USAFA Class of 2012

My recommendation for improving scores is to just do practice tests over and over. After finishing them go through and find out what you did wrong, learn how to do it right, then take the same test again. Repeat with as many practice tests as you can get your hands on. This is what I did and I raised my score from 640 to 760 in math and 650 to 750 in critical reading. For me this was an effective method because when I took the real test, I was able to recognize question types, so I didn't waste any time figuring out what the question was asking and could use all the time to figure out the answer  

AFAYahoo said: A couple of comments- Your involvement in sports is minimal--just 1 year of track and 1 year of CC. What happened in between? Physical fitness is a huge part of the academy. Are you involved in anything outside of school? City league soccer, softball, etc.? List that if you have other sports--they don't all have to be school related. I also would format your resume differently when you submit it to the academy or your MOC's. List an activity with bullet points underneath it showing all the achievements/positions held in that activity. Its easier to follow your involvement and growth in it through leadership positions etc. than showing what you did year by year in high school. For example, you could list Medical Club, and then underneath as bullet points show President in 10th grade and Secretary in 11th. You may also want to give a very brief description what some of these activities are (for example Medical Club) since they aren't as common as something like National Honor Society or AFJROTC. You seem to have a lot of activities, which is OK as long as you can show true involvement and aren't just listing them to pad your resume. The academy likes quality over quantity (meaning its better to have 4+ years experience with 2 or 3 groups including multiple officer positions than having 1 year of involvement each in 10 different activities where all you did was show up for a meeting once a month.) All of the things you list on your resume will be discussed in your interview with your ALO (assuming you are designated a potential candidate) so just be sure you can highlight all your accomplishments, details of leadership positions held, etc. Click to expand...

USAFA10s said: My recommendation for improving scores is to just do practice tests over and over. After finishing them go through and find out what you did wrong, learn how to do it right, then take the same test again. Repeat with as many practice tests as you can get your hands on. This is what I did and I raised my score from 640 to 760 in math and 650 to 750 in critical reading. For me this was an effective method because when I took the real test, I was able to recognize question types, so I didn't waste any time figuring out what the question was asking and could use all the time to figure out the answer Click to expand...

77+ Resume Summary Examples [& How-to Guide for 2024]

Most companies get hundreds or even thousands of applications monthly.

Hiring managers don’t have the time to read each resume in detail, so they usually end up scanning it for five to six seconds.

So, unless your resume manages to grab the hiring manager’s attention in those few seconds, they’ll just toss your application aside and move on to the next one.

That’s why, you want to make sure that the hiring manager can instantly tell that you’re the right candidate for the job before they even read your resume in depth. 

This is where writing an attention-grabbing resume summary comes in!

In this guide, we’re going to cover: 

• What Is a Resume Summary?
• Tips for Writing an Effective Resume Summary 
• 77+ Convincing Resume Summary Examples

Let’s dive in.

This guide is part of our larger resume series. If you want to start from the basics, take a look at our comprehensive guide on how to make a resume .

What Is a Resume Summary? 

A resume summary is a section that summarizes your resume’s contents. It’s placed in your resume’s header, close to your 

contact information , and it’s the first thing hiring managers see when they look at your resume.

When done right, your resume summary serves as a snapshot of your entire career. It shows that you’re a qualified candidate in less than five seconds, and it gets the hiring manager interested in reading the rest of your resume.

So, what makes a resume summary effective?

A good resume summary is two to four sentences long and includes:

• Your years of experience and job title
• Some of your biggest achievements to date
• A couple of your most essential skills that are relevant for the role

Let’s look at an example:

• Detail-oriented Technical Writer with 7+ years of experience in writing end-user documentation, specializing in user help guides. Excellent writing, analytical thinking, research, and time management skills. Rewrote over 80% of user help guides for 30+ products at Company X, resulting in a 42% decrease in product-related customer support calls.

New to resume-making? Give our resume summary video a watch before diving into the article!

When Should You Use a Resume Summary?

Hiring managers skim through resumes before deciding to read them, so candidates who grab their attention from the start stand a better chance of grabbing their attention. This is why you should always include a brief paragraph in your resume header that summarizes your strengths as a candidate.

Depending on your experience level, you can choose between a resume summary or a resume objective .

Resume objectives focus on professional goals, skills, and motivation for applying for the job, so they’re perfect for students, recent graduates , and other entry-level workers.

A resume summary, on the other hand, is perfect for seasoned professionals, as it focuses more on your past work experience and how it relates to the job you’re applying for. So, if you already have some work experience, we recommend sticking to a resume summary.

If you’re embarking on a career change , on the other hand, you can choose between a resume summary or a resume objective, depending on how your previous skills and work experience relate to the job.

When you’re making your resume, write your resume summary last. Creating a resume summary is much easier once you’ve already finished up your work experience section! 

5 General Resume Summary Examples

There are different aspects of your professional background that you can focus on when writing your resume summary.

Let’s look at some examples and what they do right:

• A hard-working bartender with over five years of experience providing professional service at various bars across Brooklyn. I have received the Hospitality Skill Certification for Bartenders and I know how to make over 200 alcoholic and non-alcoholic cocktails. Seeking the Head Bartender position at Bar X, where my skills and beverage knowledge can be leveraged to offer customers the highest quality of service.

Above all, this resume summary shows how experienced the candidate is. Their main selling point is their vast bartending knowledge, followed by an impressive bartending qualification and customer service skills .

• Communicative financial analyst, specializing in informative and persuasive financial presentations, cost accounting, and team management. Master’s Degree in Finance and two related certifications from the Corporate Finance Institute. Extensive experience with a variety of software programs, including SQL, Equitrak, and Lawson.

What sticks out the most in this resume summary is the candidate’s educational background and certifications. It matches the field they’re applying for, and their knowledge also extends to the most important professional software.

• Human Resources Manager with 7+ years of experience seeks to improve overall efficiency at XYZ Office. Career highlights include handling all employee relations in a 75-employee finance firm, reducing recruitment lead time by 35%, and increasing employee retention by 17%.

In addition to the candidate’s long professional experience, the most impressive part of this resume summary is their achievements . The candidate also made sure to quantify their professional accomplishments, which gives you credibility and shows you know what you're talking about.

• Detail-oriented receptionist with 4+ years of experience in customer service. Efficient in performing the administrative and front-desk tasks of large-scale offices. Fluent in Norwegian, English, Spanish, and Swedish. Proficient in MS Office Suite and ZenDesk.

This resume summary shows off the candidate’s key skills, including language proficiency , extensive customer service experience, and computer skills .

• Hard-working and passionate Secondary Social Studies teacher with 10+ years of experience in creating positive environments in which teenagers can learn and grow. Incorporates interdisciplinary knowledge into the classroom to engage students of all learning orientations. 

This candidate mentions they have more than a decade of work experience , but the main takeaway is what they can do on the job. The hiring manager who reads this resume summary can immediately see what this applicant can bring to the team.

How to Write a Resume Summary

Now, let’s get down to business – how can you write a resume summary that’s guaranteed to catch the hiring manager’s attention?

Let’s start with the basics. Here’s what your resume summary should include:

• Experience. If you have a lot of relevant professional experience, you should summarize it. This may include your job titles and years of experience in the field. (e.g., “Facebook marketer with 5+ years of experience..." )
• Skills. Mention your areas of expertise, specializations, certifications , and/or skills. (e.g., “Experienced in managing Facebook ad accounts and SEO copywriting..." )
• Achievements. Add one or two impressive achievements to show what you can do. (e.g., “Managed over $100,000 in marketing budget over several accounts and reduced annual company costs by 16%.” )

The next step is to take your resume summary from good to great by following these expert tips:

#1. Tailor Your Resume Summary

You could be an excellent candidate with tons of work experience, but if your resume summary isn’t tailored to the job ad, the hiring manager probably won’t be impressed.

If the hiring manager doesn’t see your value in the first seven seconds of reading your resume , you probably won’t get them to give it a second glance.

This is where tailoring your resume summary comes in. Just reference the job description to make sure your work experience, skills, and achievements all match what the employer is looking for in a candidate.

Let’s go over it in detail.

Imagine you’re applying for this specific job:

The ad tells you exactly what the company is looking for in a candidate.

So here’s what a resume summary tailored to this ad might look like:

• Professional marketer manager with 5+ years of experience in digital marketing. Social media marketing experience, including Facebook, Google, and LinkedIn advertising. Experience in managing an account with a monthly budget of $30,000. B.A. in marketing management. Fluent in German. 

By carefully tailoring your resume summary to the ad and mentioning what the company is looking for, the hiring manager will be hooked! They’ll immediately think, “This is the right person for the job!” and read the rest of your resume in detail.

Tailoring your resume summary to the job description can also help you get past Applicant Tracking Systems that companies use to filter through resumes. This is software that scans applications and disqualifies candidates who don’t mention specific skills or add enough keywords from the job description throughout their resume, so the more you tailor your resume to the job, the better your chances!

#2. Quantify Your Achievements

Your resume summary is supposed to be brief, which means you’re not supposed to list all your achievements. So, make sure to mention the ones that are most relevant and impactful for the role you’re applying for to pique the hiring manager’s attention.

The best way to back up your accomplishments is by providing concrete data.

Quantifiable achievements are instantly more credible and more likely to leave a good impression than vague statements. 

Let’s compare:

• Helped customers sign up on our platform.
• Onboarded 100+ customers to our SaaS platform with a retention rate of over 75%.

See the difference? In fact, the first example sounds more like a responsibility than an achievement.

Here’s what this applicant's entire resume summary would look like:

• Customer service representative with 5+ years of experience in telephone customer service, tech support, and customer care. Familiar with Intercom, Drift, and several other customer service software solutions. Handled up to 100 calls daily with a retention rate of over 75%. 

In some fields, there aren’t many achievements that you can mention. For example, saying that you served 50 people a day isn’t an achievement if you're a server. Don’t fret! In such cases, it’s OK to stick with your key responsibilities simply.

#3. Use Power Words and Action Verbs

Saying you’re a “team player” who was “responsible for” this or “managed” that is boring.

To stand out from every other applicant using the same words, you need to use the right action verbs and power words .

These words can make your skills and achievements pop, and the hiring manager will appreciate that you’re going the extra mile to describe your experience.

Let’s compare how the same sentence with and without power words plays out:

• Spearheaded Company X’s content marketing operations.
• Responsible for content marketing at Company X.

While both of these sentences say the same thing, the first one makes you seem more competent and implies initiative and leadership skills. The second just comes off as passive.

To drive the point home, here’s what a resume summary looks like packed with action words:

#4. Follow Our Formula

When you get down to writing your resume summary, you might still not be sure where to start or what to add.

Don’t worry!

We have a tried and tested formula that you can follow to write the perfect resume summary.

77+ Convincing Resume Summary Examples (For Different Fields)

Need inspiration to write your resume summary? No sweat!

We’ve curated a list of 77+ resume summary examples for different professions to help inspire you.

Sales and Customer Service Resume Summary Examples

#1. sales associate resume summary.

“Enthusiastic and knowledgeable sales associate specialized in upselling furniture and dealing with customer objections. Proven 2-year track record of success at Company X, having exceeded department KPIs by 40-50% for 6 months in a row.”

Read the full sales associate resume example here.

#2. Account Manager Resume Summary

“Client-oriented account manager with a successful track record in the oil industry. Managed accounts worth over $500K while working with clients such as BP and Lukoil.”

#3. Software Support Specialist Resume Summary

“Software support specialist with 5+ years of experience in providing support and assistance to clients, managing user accounts, and recruiting and hiring new IT support interns. Built customer relationships and trust with 20+ B2B clients. Skilled at simplifying complex problems, making it easy for non-technical specialists to solve IT issues.”

#4. Customer Service Representative Resume Summary

“Dedicated and trustworthy customer service specialist with four years of experience in online software troubleshooting, tech support, and customer care. Experienced in using Intercom and Drift. Received an average 87% customer satisfaction rating to date, 15% higher than the company average.”

Read the full customer service resume example here.

#5. Cashier Resume Summary

“Reliable and detail-oriented cashier. Skilled at mathematics, thinking on my feet, and solving any potential customer issues that arise without help from management. Experience in training and onboarding 3+ new cashiers at Company X.”

Read the full cashier resume example here.

#6. Retail Manager Resume Summary

“Retail Manager with 5 years of experience managing mid-sized retail stores. Increased store revenue by 15% through effective team management and customer engagement strategies. Proficient in inventory control, merchandising, and staff training. Looking to leverage retail management expertise in a larger, high-volume store setting.”

Read the full retail manager resume example here.

#7. Barista Resume Summary

“Passionate Barista with 2 years of experience in specialty coffee shops. Known for crafting signature beverages and maintaining high standards of customer service. Consistently received positive feedback for friendly demeanor and quick, accurate order fulfillment.”

Read the full barista resume example here.

#8. Server Resume Summary

"Dedicated Server with 3 years of experience in fast-paced dining environments. Skilled in order accuracy, multitasking, and providing exceptional customer service. Recognized for ability to maintain composure and efficiency during peak hours."

Read the full server resume example here.

#9. Waiter Resume Summary

“Positive and friendly waiter with 3 years of experience working at a fast-paced Italian restaurant. People skills with a proven ability to upsell alcohol, desserts, and appetizers to customers. Memorized restaurant’s wine stock and accompanying meals to the T.”

Read the full waiter resume example here.

#10. Front Desk Agent Resume Summary

“Front Desk Agent with 4 years of experience in the hospitality industry, excelling in customer service at busy city-center hotels. Skilled in handling reservations, guest inquiries, and providing travel recommendations. Committed to enhancing guest experiences and maintaining a high standard of service.”

#11. Housekeeper Resume Summary

“Hard-working house-keeper with 5+ years of experience. Past experiences include working as a housekeeper in hotels as well as private residences. Proven time-management skills and deep familiarity with all cleaning materials and tools.”

#12. Line Cook Resume Summary

“Line Cook with 3 years of experience in high-volume kitchens. Efficient in meal preparation and plating, with a focus on maintaining quality and speed. Trained in various cuisines and knowledgeable about food safety standards.”

#13. Restaurant Manager Resume Summary

“Professional restaurant manager with a strong interest in providing the highest standards of customer service and ensuring customer satisfaction. Skilled at reducing staff turnover, conflict resolution, marketing, and upselling techniques. Increased restaurant revenue by 20% through advertising lunch menu and word-of-mouth strategies.”

#14. Bar Manager Resume Summary

“Experienced Bar Manager with 7 years overseeing busy urban bars. Successfully increased annual sales by 20% through innovative marketing and menu redesign. Expert in inventory management, staff training, and creating a welcoming atmosphere for patrons. Seeking to bring leadership and efficient operational skills to a high-end establishment.”

Read the full bar manager resume example here.

Administrative and HR Resume Summary Examples

#15. receptionist resume summary.

"Organized Receptionist with 3 years of experience in corporate and medical office settings. Efficient in managing multiple phone lines, scheduling appointments, and providing administrative support. Known for a welcoming demeanor and effectively handling client inquiries."

Read the full receptionist resume example here.

#16. Recruiter Resume Summary

"Communicative professional with 5+ years of experience in recruitment. Worked with every part of the recruitment process, including sourcing, vetting, and onboarding of candidates. Passionate about IT recruitment, having worked as a tech recruiter at Company X. MBA from University X."

Read the full recruiter resume example here.

#17. Human Resources Specialist Resume Summary

“Human Resources Specialist with 6 years of experience focusing on employee retention and satisfaction. Implemented employee engagement programs that increased retention rates by 25%. Skilled in conflict resolution, performance management, and creating positive work environments. Dedicated to fostering a culture of continuous improvement and employee development.”

Read the full human resources resume example here.

#18. Office Manager Resume Summary

“Office manager with 5+ years of experience in controlling inventory, ordering and tracking new supplies, developing procedures and training material for staff. Strong communication skills, organized, with a track record of success.”

Read the full office manager resume example here.

#19. Secretary Resume Summary

“Professional Secretary with 4 years of experience in fast-paced legal and corporate environments. Proficient in document preparation, managing executive schedules, and coordinating meetings. Excellent organizational skills and attention to detail, ensuring efficient office operations.”

#20. Executive Assistant Resume Summary

“Accomplished executive assistant with experience in providing support to a high-level CEO and other executives for 4 years. Helped with everything from customer support to data entry and preparing well-researched documents. Skilled at time management, proficient in MS Office and Adobe Photoshop.”

Read the full executive assistant resume example here.

#21. Administrative Assistant Resume Summary

“Experienced administrative assistant seeking to leverage advanced administrative skills for improved efficiency at Media XYZ. 5+ years of industry experience includes decreasing data entry mistakes by 23%, decreasing negative feedback by 11%, and giving insights into creating paperless office environments.”

Read the full administrative assistant resume example here.

#22. Data Entry Resume Summary

“Data entry clerk with 3+ years of experience in verifying complex data, maintaining databases, and producing monthly reports using advanced Excel functions. Known for quick typing skills, eye for detail, and the ability to keep clients and employers happy.”

Read the full data entry resume example here.

Finance Resume Summary Examples

#23. accountant resume summary.

“Licensed Certified Public Accountant with 10+ years of experience in budget analysis, financial audits, and forensic accounting. Created financial reports within a five-person finance team and managed a $500,000 budget. Over the two years working there, helped cut annual company expenses by 15%.”

Read the full accountant resume example here.

#24. Financial Analyst Resume Summary

“Dedicated financial analyst with a track record of successful investments. 5+ years of experience in investment banking, with a focus on the oil industry. Responsible for analyzing potential investments, as well as conducting industry, market, and company-specific research. MBA in Finance.”

Read the full financial analyst resume example here.

#25. Bank Teller Resume Summary

“Bank teller with 2+ years of experience in client-facing roles at Bank X, where I handled customer transactions, cross-selling bank products, and keeping customers happy by providing a professional and efficient service. Followed strict and safe deposit box operations guidelines and processed 100+ customer transactions daily.”

Read the full bank teller resume example here.

#26. Banker Resume Summary

"Experienced Banker with 5 years of expertise in personal and small business banking. Managed a portfolio of high-value accounts, increasing client satisfaction and financial performance. Skilled in financial advising, loan processing, and risk management. Committed to helping clients achieve their financial goals with tailored solutions."

Read the full banker resume example here.

Business Resume Summary Examples

#27. business analyst resume summary.

“Solutions-driven business analyst with over 5 years of experience in consulting businesses and analyzing their operations. Previous experience in working with Consulting Company X and Consulting Company Y. Strong understanding of digital transformation. Improved a client company’s processes by taking them online, which improved manufacturing output by 3%.”

Read the full business analyst resume example here.

#28. Business Development Manager Resume Summary

"Dynamic Business Development Manager with 7 years of experience in identifying and pursuing new market opportunities. Led initiatives that resulted in a 30% increase in annual revenue. Strong background in strategic planning, client relations, and market analysis. Proven ability to drive business growth and forge strong partnerships.”

Read the full business development manager resume example here.

#29. Project Manager Resume Summary

“Project manager with a proven track record of working with agile and waterfall project management methodologies. Managed 5+ teams of software projects over the past 3 years. Basic understanding of several programming languages, including Java, React, and NodeJS.”

Read the full project manager resume example here.

Marketing and Advertising Resume Summary Examples

#30. marketing executive resume summary.

"Accomplished Marketing Executive with 10 years of experience in developing and executing comprehensive marketing strategies in the technology sector. Led campaigns that increased brand awareness by 40% and consistently exceeded sales targets by 15-20%. Expertise in digital marketing, market research, and team leadership. Committed to driving market growth and enhancing brand positioning for leading tech companies."

Read the full marketing executive resume example here.

#31. Marketing Manager Resume Summary

“Marketing manager with 4+ years of experience in a corporate environment. Good eye for design, with experience in creating marketing materials with Canva. Intermediate copywriting skills, having worked on the company website, flyers, and several other content pieces.”

Read the full marketing manager resume example here.

#32. Social Media Marketing Manager Resume Summary

“Creative social media manager with 2+ years of experience and a passion for boosting brand awareness and customer engagement. Skilled in copywriting and basic graphic design tools. Personally started and grew a Facebook page for my consultancy brand from 0-1,000+ in just a month. Looking to help Company X establish an online presence and increase their social presence.”

#33. Content Marketer Resume Summary

“Accomplished professional with 3+ years of experience in marketing, content writing, and outreach. Experience in writing for high-authority publications like Forbes, Business Insider, and more. Looking to help Company X increase their online presence and generate more leads through content.”

#34. SEO Specialist Resume Summary

“Results and data-driven SEO specialist with experience in keyword research, developing and marketing evergreen content, and increasing overall website rankings. Freelancing for over 2 years. Grew Company X from 50,000 daily visits to 100,000 within a year by creating long-form content and conducting backlink outreach.”

Read the full digital marketing resume here.

#35. PPC Specialist Resume Summary

“Data-driven SEM professional with 5+ years of experience with Google Analytics, AdWords, Google Display Ads, and Facebook/LinkedIn Ads. Managed a monthly advertising budget of $50,000 over 4 clients.”

IT and Software Development Resume Summary Examples

#36. it specialist resume summary.

“Competent IT specialist with 5+ years of experience working with Windows Server 2016. Microsoft Certified Solutions Expert. Advanced knowledge in SQL, C++, Bash, and Linux.”

Read the full IT resume example here.

#37. Software Engineer Resume Summary

“Results-oriented software engineer with a focus on the design and implementation of relational database systems. 8+ years of experience in developing cutting-edge engineering solutions with a wide range of eCommerce and technology features. Skilled in agile processes, backend and frontend development, and creating eCommerce websites that integrate with Paypal, Stripe, and other payment APIs.”

Read the full software engineer resume example here.

#38. Cyber Security Resume Summary

"Cyber Security Specialist with 6 years of experience in threat analysis and network defense. Implemented security protocols reducing data breaches by 40% at TechSecure Inc. Certified in CISSP and experienced in cybersecurity technologies including firewalls and endpoint security. Eager to bring advanced threat detection and mitigation strategies to XYZ Cyber Solutions."

#39. Web Developer Resume Summary

"Dynamic Web Developer with 3 years of experience in designing and developing user-friendly websites. Proficient in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and React. Developed an e-commerce site that increased client sales by 30%. Looking to contribute innovative and efficient web solutions at CreativeWeb Studios."

Read the full web developer resume example here.

#40. Computer Scientist Resume Summary

“Creative and people-oriented computer scientist with up to 2 years of working with tech startups. Advanced knowledge of software design principles and agile development principles. Led and managed a team of five in developing new software from concept to delivery.”

Read the full computer scientist resume example here.

#41. Data Scientist Resume Summary

“Business-minded data scientist with a demonstrated ability to deliver valuable insights via data analytics. 10+ years of professional experience in working with CEOs and VPs of Fortune 500 companies. Deep understanding of statistical models, algorithms, and multivariate analysis.”

Read the full data scientist resume example here.

#42. Data Analyst Resume Summary

“Detail-oriented data analyst passionate about helping businesses grow. Former small business owner. Conducted research using three different focus groups and increased sales by 10% over 4 months. MBA recipient with strong technical skills in data mining and data, survey creation, and quantitative methods.”

Read the full data analyst resume example here.

#43. DevOps Engineer Resume Summary

"DevOps Engineer with 8 years of experience in automating and optimizing mission-critical deployments. Led a team that reduced deployment times by 50% through CI/CD pipeline enhancements. Skilled in cloud technologies and infrastructure as code with certifications in AWS and Terraform. Committed to improving operational efficiency at XYZ Tech."

Read the full DevOps engineer resume example here.

#44. AI Engineer Resume Summary

"AI Engineer with 4 years of experience specializing in machine learning and natural language processing. Developed AI models that improved customer interaction accuracy by 35% for a leading tech firm. M.Sc. in Artificial Intelligence. Passionate about deploying cutting-edge AI solutions at AI Innovators Inc."

Read the full AI engineer resume example here.

#45. Java Developer Resume Summary

"Experienced Java Developer with 5 years of experience in building scalable and efficient applications. Contributed to a major project that enhanced application performance by 25%. Strong background in Spring Framework and microservices. Aiming to apply robust coding skills to develop innovative software solutions at XYZ Tech Solutions."

Read the full Java developer resume example here.

Health and Medicine Resume Summary Examples

#46. nurse resume summary.

“Registered nurse specialized in psychiatric nursing. Developed strong psychiatric evaluation and treatment planning skills after 5 years of working at Hospital X. Experienced in administrative work, management, and training new employees.”

Read the full nurse resume example here.

#47. Medical Assistant Resume Summary

“Certified Medical Assistant with 10 years of experience in working in a fast-paced environment, handling confidential paperwork, administering medication, and providing quality patient care. Proven ability to create positive rapport with patients, family, and staff. Completed and submitted clinical documentation following hospital regulations and experience in supporting diagnostic and technical treatment procedures.”

Read the full medical assistant resume example here.

#48. Dental Assistant Resume Summary

“Licensed dental practitioner with 4+ years in helping dentists prepare, perform, and document procedures. Strong hand-eye coordination, with skills in 4-handed dentistry and working with patients.”

#49. Dentist Resume Summary

"Experienced Dentist with 10 years of practice in general and cosmetic dentistry. Committed to providing exceptional patient care, demonstrated through a consistent record of patient satisfaction and successful dental procedures. Proficient in the latest dental technologies and techniques, including digital radiography and CAD/CAM dentistry, with a strong focus on preventive care and oral health education."

Read the full dentist resume example here.

#50. Pharmacist Resume Summary

"Detail-oriented Pharmacist with over 7 years of experience in retail and hospital settings. Proven ability in medication therapy management and pharmaceutical care, with a track record of efficiently managing prescription processing and patient counseling. Skilled in utilizing digital prescription systems and maintaining up-to-date knowledge of drug interactions and healthcare regulations."

Read the full pharmacist resume example here.

Creative Resume Summary Examples

#51. graphic designer resume summary.

"Senior graphic designer with 6+ years of experience in website design and branding, across a wide range of industries. Extensive experience in multimedia, marketing, and print design. Highly skilled in communications, digital storytelling, and Adobe Creative Suite."

Read the full graphic designer resume example here.

#52. UI/UX Designer Resume Summary

“Proactive UX designer with 5 years of experience in delivering enjoyable web and mobile products for the FinTech industry. Designed UI, UX, and marketing materials for 6 apps and 3 games at Company X, 2 of which were featured in Apple’s App Store. Skilled with Sketch, and Adobe Creative Suite.”

#53. Product Designer Resume Summary

“Creative designer with 7 years experience in product design, packaging, and graphic design. Expertise in new product design, brand identity, and market research. Created and launched a new line of award-winning tableware that generated over $1 million in sales the first year.”

#54. Creative Director Resume Summary

“Experienced creative director, with 10+ years of experience in the advertising industry. Over the past 3 years, managed 2 separate creative teams, creating video ads for company clients. Worked with some high-profile clients, including IBM and Phillips.”

#55. Game Designer Resume Summary

"Innovative Game Designer with 5 years of experience in creating engaging and immersive gaming experiences. Led a team that developed 'AdventureQuest,' a game that won 'Best Mobile Game' at the Indie Game Awards and achieved over 500,000 downloads within the first year. Skilled in gameplay mechanics and story development, with proficiency in Unity and Unreal Engine. Dedicated to crafting games that resonate with players, combining artistic vision with user-friendly design."

Read the full game designer resume example here.

#56. Animator Resume Summary

"Creative Animator with over 8 years of experience in 2D and 3D animation, specializing in character and environmental animation. Proficient in using Maya, Adobe After Effects, and Blender, with a strong background in motion graphics and visual effects. Known for delivering high-quality animations under tight deadlines, contributing to successful animated features and advertising campaigns."

Read the full animator resume example here.

#57. Illustrator Resume Summary

"Award-winning Illustrator with a decade of professional experience, recognized for innovative and impactful visual storytelling. Recipient of the 'Illustrator of the Year' award at the Global Art Forum, with a portfolio that includes book illustrations, advertising campaigns, and digital content."

Read the full illustrator resume example here.

#58. Photographer Resume Summary

"Professional Photographer with a Master's in Fine Arts and 6 years of experience in commercial and portrait photography. Known for a unique aesthetic that combines technical skill with artistic creativity, resulting in visually stunning compositions. Holds a certification in digital photography from the Professional Photographers of America, with a portfolio that has been featured in several national photography exhibitions."

Read the full photographer resume example here.

#59. Actor Resume Summary

"Versatile Actor with 3 years of experience in commercials and television, known for a dynamic range that adapts seamlessly to varied roles. Strong background in stage combat and period drama. Proficient in multiple dialects and expressive character portrayal, enhancing authenticity in every performance."

Read the full actor resume example here.

#60. Writer Resume Summary

"Professional Writer and Blogger with 2 years of experience, specializing in lifestyle and travel content. Successfully increased blog readership by 40% over two years and contributed featured articles in 'Traveler's Digest' and 'Modern Living' magazines."

Read the full writer resume here.

#61. Editor Resume Summary

"Dedicated Editor with 10 years of experience in translated literature, focusing on Mandarin and Cantonese works. Expertise in preserving the original tone and cultural nuances, ensuring translations resonate with English-speaking audiences. Collaborated with acclaimed authors from China and Hong Kong, contributing to over 30 translated novels. Committed to bridging the gap between Eastern and Western literary worlds through meticulous and sensitive editing."

Read the full editor resume example here.

Education Resume Summary Examples

#62. professor resume summary.

"Distinguished Professor with 15 years of experience in higher education, specializing in Modern Literature. Published over 20 peer-reviewed articles and 3 books, receiving the Excellence in Research Award twice. Secured $500,000 in research grants and led multiple international academic collaborations. Committed to fostering critical thinking and research skills in students, enhancing the academic prestige of the department."

Read the full academic CV example here.

#63. Teacher Resume Summary

“Dedicated Teacher with 4 years of experience in elementary education, specializing in innovative teaching strategies. Implemented a project-based learning approach that increased student engagement by 30%. Eager to bring creative teaching methodologies and a passion for educational excellence to School ABC, contributing to student development and academic success.” 

Read the full teacher resume example here.

#64. Tutor Resume Summary

“Experienced Tutor with 2 years of expertise in mathematics and science, adept at simplifying complex concepts. Consistently helped students improve their grades by an average of one full letter grade.”

#65. College Student Resume Summary

"Proactive College Student majoring in Business Administration with strong leadership skills, demonstrated through roles in student government and the debate team. Organized multiple campus events, enhancing student engagement and participation. Seeking to apply organizational and communication skills in a professional internship, contributing to company projects while gaining hands-on experience."

Read the full college freshman resume example here.

#66. High School Student Resume Summary

"High School Student with 3+ months of experience as a cashier. Excellent time-management and communication skills. Actively involved in extracurricular activities, demonstrating strong teamwork and responsibility. Looking to join Retail Store X as a part-time sales representative."

Read the full high school resume example here.

Other Resume Summary Examples

#67. architect resume summary.

"Professional and creative architect with 10 years experience in developing construction drawings, 3D models, and doing design rendering. Served as a project architect at company X and won an honorable mention as a staff architect at XYZ Construction Awards 2023."

Read the full architect resume example here.

#68. Electrical Engineer Resume Resume Summary

"Electrical Engineer with 4 years of experience in power systems and automation. Holds a Master's in Electrical Engineering and a certification in PLC programming. Proven expertise in designing and implementing efficient electrical solutions for industrial applications."

Read the full electrical engineer resume example here.

#69. Interior Designer Resume Summary

"Creative Interior Designer with 3 years of experience, recognized for increasing client satisfaction by 30% through innovative design solutions. Portfolio includes residential and commercial projects, with a focus on modern and sustainable designs. Skilled in AutoCAD and 3D visualization, transforming client visions into reality."

Read the full interior designer resume example here.

#70. Construction Project Manager Resume Summary

"Construction Project Manager with a decade of experience in overseeing large-scale commercial and residential projects. Proven track record of completing projects on time and within budget, reducing costs by 20% on average. Skilled in team leadership and effective communication. Committed to ensuring the highest standards of safety and quality."

Read the full construction project manager resume example here.

#71. Operations Manager Resume Summary

"Dynamic Operations Manager with 2 years of experience in streamlining processes for increased efficiency. Expertise in supply chain management and cost reduction strategies."

Read the full operations manager resume example here.

#72. Event Planner Resume Summary

"Seasoned Event Planner with 5 years of experience, successfully organized over 100 corporate and private events. Increased event attendance by 40% through innovative marketing strategies. Excited to bring expertise in event coordination and vendor relations to XYZ Celebrations."

Read the full event planner resume example here.

#73. Warehouse Worker Resume Summary

“Seasonal warehouse worker with experience working for Supermarket X and Supermarket Y. Diligent, organized, and very hard-working. Previous experience working in the service industry for 2+ years.”

Read the full warehouse worker resume example here.

#74. Welder Resume Summary

"Skilled Welder with 7 years of experience in MIG, TIG, and arc welding. Proficient in reading blueprints and maintaining high standards of safety and quality."

Read the full welder resume example here.

#75. Real Estate Agent Resume Summary

"Experienced Real Estate Agent with 6 years in residential and commercial property sales. Achieved a 25% year-on-year increase in sales volume. Known for excellent negotiation skills and a deep understanding of market trends."

Read the full real estate agent resume example here.

#76. Flight Attendant Resume Summary

"Dedicated Flight Attendant with 1 year of experience, fluent in Spanish and French. Excelled in providing top-notch customer service, contributing to a 15% increase in passenger satisfaction. Fluent in English, French, German, and Arabic. Eager to bring customer care expertise to Airline XYZ."

Read the full flight attendant resume example here.

#77. Paralegal Resume Summary

"Paralegal with 3 years of experience in corporate law, proficient in legal research and document drafting. Certified in legal software applications, enhancing case management efficiency."

Read the full paralegal resume example here.

#78. Social Worker Resume Summary

"Compassionate Social Worker with 6 years of experience in child and family services. Successfully managed caseloads of up to 50 people, improving service delivery by 20%. Skilled in crisis intervention and developing tailored support plans for diverse case needs."

Read the full social worker resume example here.

Resume Summary FAQs

Do you still have some questions about resume summaries? Check the answers to the most frequently asked questions.

#1. How Do You Write a Resume Summary with No Experience?

If you have no work experience whatsoever, you should write a resume objective instead of a resume summary.

A resume objective is also a brief paragraph that goes at the top of your resume. However, instead of focusing on your professional experience and accomplishments, it highlights your career goals, aspirations, skills, and academic achievements.

If you have any informal experience that’s relevant to the job, such as volunteer work or relevant coursework , you can still write a resume summary to highlight why you’re a great candidate.

#2. How Do I Start My Resume Summary?

The best way to start your resume summary is by writing down your job title and exact years of experience. You can also add an adjective that describes your strongest character traits or work ethic.

To make this easy, try this formula:

[Adjective/character trait] [job title] [your experience]. Looking to help/support/apply/assist/etc [employer’s name] [describe how you can be of help to the company]. [Your top achievements/qualifications]. 

#3. How Long Should My Resume Summary Be?

The resume summary should be brief and attention-grabbing. Ideally, it should be between two and four sentences long.

Its goal is to provide a snapshot of your career that can captivate the hiring manager into reading more.

If you want to give the employer more details and elaborate on why you’re the best candidate for the job in your own words, you can also write a cover letter to complement your resume.

#4. Should a Resume Summary Be Written in the First or Third Person?

As a general rule, your resume should avoid using first-person pronouns . This includes your resume summary.

That said, the third person sounds too impersonal – as if somebody else wrote the resume summary instead of you. Luckily, there’s a neat trick you can use to make your text flow better—just get rid of the pronouns altogether.

This way, instead of writing, “She is a marketer with 5+ years of experience in XYZ,” you can write, “Marketer with 5+ years of experience in XYZ,” and get your point across just as effectively.

#5. Should You Always Use the Same Resume Summary?

As a general rule, you shouldn’t use the same resume summary when applying to different jobs.

Your resume summary should be tailored to the specific job ads and reflect how you can meet the company’s unique needs. If your current resume summary can be applied to different job applications, it isn’t as effective and tailored as it should be.

When writing your resume, go through the job ad for the specific position and try to include the skills or qualifications the employer is looking for. Make sure to also mention any relevant experience and your top achievements, and you’ll have the perfect resume summary.

#6. What Are Other Names for a Resume Summary?

Across the internet, you might find different names for what we’re calling a resume summary in our article. Some of these names include:

• Resume profile
• Career summary
• Personal statement
• Qualifications summary
• Summary of experiences
• Summary of qualification

If you’re heading for a career in academia, a “personal statement” means something different. Check out our detailed guide to writing an academic personal statement to learn more!

Key Takeaways

And that’s our full guide to writing a resume summary!

Hopefully, now you feel more confident about adding this finishing touch to your resume.

Before we go, let’s recap everything we covered about writing resume summaries:

• A resume summary is a two to four-sentence long paragraph that tells the hiring manager your key selling points. These can include your years of experience, exact job title, relevant skills, qualifications, and impressive achievements.
• If you don’t have any work experience, you can opt for a resume objective instead. This way, you can focus more on your professional goals and motivation for applying.
• The goal of a resume summary is to catch the hiring manager’s attention. Do this by tailoring your resume summary to the job ad and addressing what the company needs in a candidate.
• Back up your achievements with data whenever possible. Mentioning the exact numbers, dates, and results makes you seem more credible.
• Use power words and action verbs instead of generic descriptions to make your resume summary pop.

Need more career advice? Check out our career blog for more useful articles!

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Skrivehjulet

1. Modtager

3. Fremstillingsformer

4. Genre og layout

Spørg dig selv: Hvem skal læse min tekst? Hvad ved jeg om modtageren ?

Spørg dig selv: Hvad er hensigten med min tekst?

Svar: Det er først og fremmest at…   

Når du skal skrive for at underholde, gælder det først og fremmest om at give læseren en oplevelse igennem en fortælling.

Fortællingen kan enten være opdigtet eller sandfærdig .

Hvis fortællingen skal være underholdende, skal indholdet helst være spændende og interessant, men det kan også være uhyggeligt, sørgeligt, sjovt, rørende, overraskende, osv.

Derfor kan det være godt at benytte sig af vendepunkter i løbet af fortællingen – altså steder, hvor historien overrasker eller tager en drejning.

Sproget i teksten skal hjælpe til at gøre indholdet interessant, og man kan gøre brug af sproglige virkemidler .

Når du skal skrive for at gøre læseren klogere, er det vigtigt, at du fokuserer på, hvad læseren skal have ud af at læse netop din tekst. Du har en viden, og det er din opgave at give den videre til læseren.

Det er vigtigt, at din tekst indeholder de nødvendige informationer og fakta. Fx skal læseren helst have svar på hvem, hvad, hvornår og hvordan, når de har læst teksten.

Find ud af hvilke oplysninger er de vigtigste – når din tekst er færdigskrevet, kan du tjekke op på, om de oplysninger er kommet tydeligt frem.

Hvis budskabet skal helt frem, så sørg for, at din tekst er overskuelig og struktureret. I nogle tekster kan det være godt lave afsnit og give dem overskrifter. Andre tekster kan også have brug for punktopstillinger eller faktabokse.

Budskabet til læseren går forud for alt andet. Tonen i sproget kan derfor variere fra genre til genre. Nogle gange er der behov for at være saglig, andre gange er der behov for fx store følelser, da det er med til at gøre dit budskab tydeligt.

Hvis der er behov for det, kan det være godt at henvise til kilder. Fx interviews eller det sted, hvor du selv har oplysningerne fra.

Når du skriver for at påvirke eller overbevise læseren, skal du først og fremmest kunne argumentere for dine synspunkter.

Sørg derfor for, at du er skarp på, hvad du selv mener, og sæt dig godt ind i hvilke argumenter der er for og imod emnet eller sagen. Det kan godt være nødvendigt at se sagen fra flere vinkler .

Det kan være en god ide at give konkrete eksempler. Det kan både være

– egne oplevelser

– episoder, som er alment kendt

– mere generelle betragtninger

Når du skal overbevise nogen, kan det være godt at benytte sig af de 3 appelformer etos, logos og patos. En overbevisende tekst indeholder gerne elementer fra alle 3 appelformer.

Tonen i sproget kan også variere. Nogle gange er der behov for at være saglig, andre gange er der behov for de store følelser.

Når du skriver for at give læseren noget at tænke over, er det som regel en god ide at tage et personligt udgangspunkt.

Hvad betyder emnet konkret for dig? Hvad er det, som du gerne vil have, at læseren skal tænke over, når teksten er læst? Er der noget, som du selv undrer dig over i forhold til emnet?

Det kan være, at der er behov for at redegøre for, hvorfor du undrer dig over en bestemt ting. Det kan være en oplevelse fra dit eget liv eller en sag, som er oppe i tiden.

Hvis læseren skal have noget at tænke over, er det vigtigt, at du selv reflekterer over emnet. Det kan være, at du selv har en holdning, men det mindst lige så vigtigt, at læseren oplever, at du har tanker omkring emnet – det er dine tanker, der skal sætte gang i læserens tanker.

Spørg dig selv: Hvilke fremstillingsformer vil du bruge i din tekst?

Svar: Jeg vil gerne…

Når du argumenterer, så fremlægger du først forskellige synspunkter, og kommer derefter med begrundelser for dem. Disse begrundelser kaldes for argumenter.

Dine argumenter skal være med til at overbevise læseren om, at det, du mener, er korrekt.

Du kan gøre brug af appelformer , for at have flere forskellige argumenter i sin tekst.

For at lave endnu bedre argumenter, kan det være nødvendigt først at indsamle sig viden om emnet eller sagen. Den viden kan hjælpe dig til ramme bredere og dermed have chancen for at virke mere overbevisende.

Når du beskriver, kan du fx nævne særlige træk eller egenskaber ved det, du beskriver. På den måde giver du mulighed for, at læseren føler sig klogere efter at have læst teksten.

En beskrivelse kan både være objektiv og neutral, men den kan være subjektiv og påvirket af dine egne oplevelser.

Forhold dig til om dine beskrivelser skal være korte, lange, detaljerede osv.

Når du diskuterer på skrift, afprøver du forskellige synspunkter om en bestemt sag. Der kan være eksempler, som taler for eller imod.

Diskussionen er drevet af at finde svar.  

At forklare, betyder at gøre noget klart for læseren. En god forklaring på skrift skal være forståelig og tydelig. Man forklarer noget ved at beskrive, oplyse og fortælle nærmere om det.

I en forklaring kan man ofte komme ind på, hvordan ting er eller virker i forhold til hinanden.

Eks. Forklar vejen fra et sted til et andet eller forklar, hvordan en støvsuger fungerer.

Du fortæller/beretter for at underholde og engagere læseren. Du inviterer læseren med på en ’rejse’ i den fortælling (eller beretning), der udspiller sig.

● Du kan fortælle om opdigtede scenarier og hændelser – altså ting, som du finder på.

● Du kan også fortælle om faktiske scenarier og hændelser – altså ting, der er sket i virkeligheden.

At informere på skrift vil sige at videregive viden og fakta til læseren.  

Dette betyder, at du skal give relevante og nøjagtige informationer videre, så læseren bliver klogere.

Når du skriver instruerende, handler det om at skrive så præcist, at du sætter læseren i stand til at gøre noget bestemt efter at have læst din instruktion – fx i en bestemt rækkefølge.

I en bageopskrift er det fx vigtigt, hvilken rækkefølge ingredienserne blandes, samt hvilken temperatur ovnen skal stå på og hvor lang tid, der skal bages.

Når du kommenterer, udtrykker du din egen holdning til noget bestemt – eller at du giver en nærmere forklaring på noget bestemt.   

Kommentaren er ofte en reaktion på noget man har læst, set eller hørt, som kalder på din mening.

At redegøre betyder at lægge noget frem for læseren .

Man kommer med en forklaring på , hvordan noget er forløbet eller forholder sig.

Når du reflekterer , så udforsker du et emne eller et tema, ved at beskrive dine egne tanker eller din egen situation i forhold til dette.

Bevæg dig rundt om emnet, zoom ind og ud på det og kig på det på flere måder. Det er en god ide at se emnet både indefra og ude fra dig selv.

4. Genre / Layout

Hvis der er krav om en bestemt genre, kan den have nogle bindinger – fx i form, indhold og layout.

OBS! VÆR OPMÆRKSOM PÅ, AT DER I DIN OPGAVE KAN VÆRE SPECIFIKKE KRAV TIL GENRE OG LAYOUT, OG DET VIL ALTID VÆRE OPGAVENS KRAV, DER ER GÆLDENDE

GENREFORMÅL

Anmeldelsens hensigt er som regel at påvirke/overbevise læseren.

Anmeldelsen gør ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne beskrive, forklare og argumentere.

En anmeldelse er en tekst, hvor man giver sin egen vurdering af noget man har oplevet. Anmelderens opgave er, med egne ord, meninger og holdninger, at beskrive og bedømme oplevelsen så godt som muligt, så vi, der læser anmeldelsen, kan tage stilling til om vi også vil opleve det.

Anmelderen skal beskrive indholdet, men må ikke afsløre vigtige detaljer, som vil kunne ødelægge oplevelsen for modtageren (spoilere).

Du skal vide, hvad du mener Når du skriver en anmeldelse, er det vigtigt, at du har en holdning til det, som du anmelder. Vær tydelig når du forklarer, hvad du mener og husk at begrunde det.

Fakta Kom med relevant fakta om det du anmelder – enten inde i teksten eller i en faktaboks . Her er nogle eksempler på relevant fakta:

• Bog: forfatter, forlag, antal sider, udgivelses år, osv.
• Film: instruktør, længde, årstal, præmiere (hvor), osv.
• Oplevelse: åbningstider, beliggenhed, pris, osv.
• Objekt (ting): specifikationer, pris, forhandlere, osv.

Du kan vælge at bruge følgende opbygning (komposition):

Rubrik Giv din anmeldelse en rubrik (overskrift). Rubrikken afslører næsten altid, hvad anmelderen mener. Fx “Forfærdelig oplevelse i Tivoli” eller “Fantastisk ungdomsroman med bid i”. Husk at rubrikken skal fange læserens opmærksomhed.

Indledning Beskriv kort, hvad du anmelder, og skriv om din umiddelbare oplevelse.

Resume Giv et resume af det, du skal anmelde (uden at spoile, fx slutningen af en bog)

Uddybning Her går du længere ned i din begrundelse. Vær tydelig omkring, hvad du kan lide, og hvad du ikke synes så godt om. Du kan blandt andet også komme ind på en målgruppe.

Eksempler Find konkrete eksempler, du kan bruge til at beskrive og begrunde din mening. Det kan både være positive og negative ting.

Konklusion Afrund anmeldelsen ved at trække de vigtigste pointer frem. Det er også her, du tilkendegiver, om du vil anbefale det, du anmelder. Giv evt. en karakter, 7 ud af 10 stjerner eller lignende.

Anmeldelsen skrives på en måde, så læseren både lærer noget, men også bliver underholdt og interesseret. Anmeldere er som regel dygtige til at skrive, så derfor bruges der ofte sproglige virkemidler . Brug derfor gerne billedsprog, eksempler, ordspil og masser af tillægsord.

Sproget skal være levende og beskrivende.

Sproget skal også signalere, at du har sat dig ind i tingene. Vær derfor grundig i dine argumenter. Du må meget gerne lyde “ovenpå” og velformuleret. En anmelder skal have lyst til at beskrive og uddybe sine betragtninger for læseren.

Layoutet afhænger altid af i hvilket medie, anmeldelsen skal bringes i. Men den bliver ofte layoutet som en artikel .

Rubrik Anmeldelsen skal have en rubrik (overskrift)

Byline Anmeldelsen skal have en byline med:

• Anmelderens navn
• Dato (hvornår den blev skrevet)

Eksempel: Af: Merethe Pedersen, 22.10.2021

Mellemrubrikker Hvis anmeldelsen er lang, kan der bruges mellemrubrikker.

Hensigten er som regel at påvirke/overbevise læseren.

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: beskrive og informere.

En ansøgning er en tekst, man skriver til en bestemt modtager, for at komme i betragtning til noget man ønsker. Det kan fx være et job, en lejlighed eller et lån. En ansøgning er først og fremmest ærlig. Man må ikke lyve i en ansøgning!

Ansøgningen skrives i et formelt og velformuleret sprog – og i en positiv tone. Det skal være tydeligt, hvad ansøgeren vil, og ansøgeren forsøger at fremstille sig selv så positivt som muligt.

Du kan vælge at bruge følgende opbygning:

Overskrift Lav en overskrift, som viser, hvad du ansøger om. Fx: “Ansøgning vedrørende jobbet som kok”.

Indledning Beskriv kort hvorfor du ansøger.

Uddybning Her uddyber du informationer, som kan være relevante for modtageren at høre om. I en jobansøgning er det her, du skal beskrive dine evner og kvalifikationer, som passer ind i jobbeskrivelsen. I andre ansøgninger (fx leje af forsamlingshus) er det her, du kommer med alle relevante informationer: Hvem, hvad, hvorfor, hvornår, hvor mange osv.

Konklusion Afrund ansøgningen, fx med en hilsen og kontaktoplysninger.

En ansøgning skal helst være bedre end de andre ansøgninger, for at komme forrest i køen.

Du skal derfor:

• skrive i et sprog som er præcist og ikke til at misforstå. Det skal være tydeligt, hvad ansøgningen vil. Sproget skal signalere, at du har sat dig ind i tingene.
• skrive på en måde, så modtageren bliver interesseret i det, du har at sige.
• skrive i en ordentlig tone. Det er vigtigt at sprog og stil er rettet mod modtageren. Dvs. at man er bevidst om, hvem der skal læse og forholde sig til ansøgningen. Derfor er en ansøgning skrevet i et formelt, høfligt og velformuleret sprog.

Energi og motivation Du skal “sælge” dig og dine evner så godt som muligt. Vær derfor motiveret og forsøg at fremstå så troværdig og overbevisende som muligt. Det er en god ide, hvis du forestiller dig, at selv du havde et firma, hvor du søgte folk til forskellige opgaver. Hvem ville du ansætte?

Power-ord Her er forslag til ord, som er gode at bruge i en jobansøgning. ( klik her )

En ansøgning er et formelt brev og skal derfor have samme layout.

Udover selve teksten SKAL følgende informationer med i ansøgningen:

• Dato: hvornår er den skrevet.
• Ansøgerens kontaktoplysninger.
• En hilsen (med venlig hilsen – eller lignende)
• En underskrift, hvis det er en jobansøgning

Hensigten er som regel at gøre læseren klogere.

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: informere, beskrive og forklare.

En baggrundsartikel er en artikel, som går bagved en tidligere nyhed, hvor den prøver at finde svar, informationer og årsager. Fx stiller den spørgsmålene: Hvad, hvem, hvornår, hvordan og hvorfor? Dens formål er at give læseren en større viden og forståelse af “det der skete”.

En baggrundsartikel er længere, og går mere i dybden, end en fx nyhedsartikel. Journalisten undersøger en sag til bunds, laver interviews med relevante personer, kigger tilbage i historien og prøver at finde sammenhænge og svar. Dette kaldes for “research”. En baggrundsartikel skal helst slutte med en konklusion, hvor journalisten forholder sig til resultatet af den viden, der er blevet indsamlet om sagen.

Baggrundsartikler bygges ofte op af kommode-modellen.

Research Undersøg emnet og spørg ind til nyhedens baggrund. Du skal “gå bag” bag nyheden og prøve at finde masser af viden om den.

Stil disse spørgsmål Hvad? Hvem? Hvornår? Hvordan? Hvorfor?

Vinkling Vælg den vinkel der skal skrives ud fra (med hvilke øjne ser man på sagen, og hvilke dele af sagen ønsker man at belyse?)

Indhold Du kan bruge research-interviews , faktabokse og undersøgelser i en baggrundsartikel.

Konklusion: Slut artiklen af med en konklusion , hvor den vigtigste viden opsamles.

Sproget skal helst er sagligt og det skal passe til målgruppen.

Vær objektiv Journalisten nævner sjældent sig selv eller sine egne holdninger i baggrundsartikler. Journalisten præsenterer i stedet, hvad vidner, og andre kilder , siger om sagen. Journalisten kan også komme ind på lovgivning og politiske holdninger, hvis det er relevant.

Rubrik En artikel skal have en rubrik (overskrift). Rubrikken skal skrives med meget større bogstaver end brødteksten.

Byline Husk at angive journalistens navn og dato (altså dig). Dette kaldes en byline.

Mellemrubrikker En baggrundsartikel har næsten altid mellemrubrikker for at gøre den nemmere at finde rundt i.

Internet- eller trykt avis? Layoutet lidt forskelligt alt efter om artiklen skal vises i en internetavis eller trykkes i en papir-avis. Du kan læse mere om layout i artikler ved at klikke her . Her finder du også forklaringer på avisens elementer, fx manchet, byline osv.

Obs: Vær opmærksom på at eksemplet er en nyhedsartikel.

Der skelnes mellem en personlig blog og en ikke-personlig blog.

Den personlige blog, kan skrives med alle hensigter. Men der er ofte tale om at underholde læseren og/eller give læseren noget at tænke over.

Den ikke-personlige blog kan også skrives med flere hensigter, men der er ofte tale om at gøre læseren klogere eller påvirke/overbevise læseren.

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: fortælle/berette, beskrive, forklare, reflektere og redegøre.

Ordet “blog” kommer af ordet weblog. Oversat: en log på nettet. En blog er en tekst, der udgives på nettet. Bloggens indhold afhænger af afsenderen – og der, hvor den publiceres (udgives).

Bloggen udgives på en hjemmeside og opdateres jævnligt med korte eller mellemlange tekster. Selve bloggen består af flere tekster/indlæg, hvor det nyeste på bloggen altid er øverst.

Forfatteren til en blog, kaldes en blogger. Bloggeren har ofte en personlig stil – en måde at skrive på – så bloggen skiller sig ud fra de andre. Mange bloggere er dygtige til at gøre bloggen interessant, og fastholde læserne. De faste læsere kaldes følgere. Bloggeren kan være både en kendt eller ukendt person. Bloggen kan også skrives under et pseudonym (et andet navn, end sit eget).

En blog har en spændende titel/rubrik, som fanger læserens interesse.

Hvert blog-indlæg har et emne eller en oplevelse, som optager bloggeren. Emnet kan være alt mellem himmel og jord. Der er derfor ingen regler for indholdet.

Bloggeren har meninger om emnet/situationen, der bliver beskrevet. Bloggeren kan lægge op til diskussion eller spørge sine læsere.

Den personlige blog

I den personlige blog, kan man skrive om alt, der har ens interesse, og som man ønsker at dele med andre. Man kan fx skrive om sin dagligdag, personlige tanker og oplevelser. Bloggeren kan dele overvejelser og holdninger om et emne, men det kan også være tankestrømme eller ideer. Der er næsten ingen grænser.

Den ikke-personlige blog

Hvis bloggeren udgiver sin blog i en avis eller en hjemmeside, der ikke er bloggerens egen, er emnet, indholdet og sproget tilpasset formatet. Fx. hvis bloggen skal udgives af Dansk Rødekors, passer emne, indhold og sprog til Dansk Rødekors’ læsere. Her er det særligt vigtigt at være bevidst om, hvor bloggen skal bringes, og hvem modtageren er,

I en blog er der ofte et kommentarfelt, så læseren kan kommentere på indholdet. På den måde kan andre læsere igen bygge yderligere på ved at skrive kommentarer. Bloggen kan være skrevet under et pseudonym (et andet navn, end sit eget). Du kan derfor vælge et andet og “sjovere” navn. Fx “Vandmanden”, “Kong Hans”, “Super-Mette”, men også et almindeligt navn.

Den personlige blog: Denne kan i sit sprog og indhold godt minde om en dagbog, en klumme eller en Facebook-opdatering. Men, hvor en dagbog retter sit sprog indad og “taler med sig selv”, har bloggeren en større bevidsthed om, at der er en modtager. Bloggen behøver dog ikke at tale direkte til læseren, men sproget er mindre “internt” og indforstået end en dagbog.

D en ikke-personlige blog : Den ikke-personlige blog, der udgives for en avis eller hjemmeside, og som ikke er ejet af bloggeren selv, er dog ofte mere velformuleret og velovervejet omkring sit indhold.

Vær interessant : I en blog forsøger man at skrive så interessant og vedkommende, at

læseren vil ”komme igen” og læse næste gang, der kommer et blog-indlæg.

Subjektiv: Det er bloggerens egne holdninger og oplevelser, der skrives om. Derfor er en blog meget personlig. Det er derfor dit syn på tingene, der er vigtigt.

Rubrik Et blog-indlæg skal have en titel/rubrik.

Dato Hvert blog-indlæg skal have en dato. Skriv også klokkeslet, hvis der er flere indlæg den samme dag.

Afsnit Brug afsnit. Inddel teksten, hvor det giver mening.

Nyeste først Bloggen skal bygges op således, at det nyeste indlæg altid er øverst på siden.

Billeder Bloggen må gerne indeholde relevante billeder og grafik, så den bliver interessant at se på.

Kommentarfelt Hvis bloggen skrives som en stil (i skolen og derfor ikke skal udgives), kan man evt. selv oprette kommentarer og svar under blog-indlægget.

Hensigten er som regel at gøre læseren klogere eller for at påvirke/overbevise læseren . Men kan også skrives for at underholde eller for at give læseren noget at tænke over .

Det kan indeholde alle fremstillingsformer, men gør ofte brug af: fortælle/berette, beskrive, forklare og redegøre .

Der er som sådan ingen begrænsninger for, hvad et brev kan indeholde. Her er næsten alt tilladt. Det personlige brev skrives som regel i en hverdagsagtig tone.

Et brev er, i traditionel forstand, et papir i en kuvert, men kan også skrives som en e-mail og sendes elektronisk.

Husk at det skal være nemt at finde rundt i et brev. Lav derfor en enkel og overskuelig opbygning af indholdet. Man kan fx dele brevet ind i:

• En indledning : Fx: “Hej Karen. Det er lang tid siden, vi sidst har talt sammen …”
• En uddybning : Her uddybes og forklares det man vil med brevet.
• En afslutning + hilsen : Fx: “Jeg glæder mig til vi ses. Hilsen Peter”

Dette er kun et eksempel. I et personligt brev kan man stort set bygge det op, som man har lyst til.

Det personlige brev er skrevet i et dagligdagssprog, hvor både tanker, følelser og information kan få lige meget plads.

Afsenderen har ofte “noget på hjertet”, og vil formulere dette i tekst.

Afsenderen har ofte en relation til modtageren, som “skinner igennem” i sproget. Man “taler” nærmest til den der læser brevet. Brevet skrives med “jeg-fortæller”.

Forsøg, en gang imellem mens du skriver, at sætte dig i modtagerens sted: altså hvordan er det at læse dette brev. Er det nemt at forstå, og er det interessant at læse?

Dato og overskrift Et personligt brev behøver ikke dato, for hvornår brevet er skrevet – det er altså ikke et krav. Hvis den laves, kan den placeres i højre øverste hjørne af brevet.

Et personligt brev behøver ikke en overskrift, men lav gerne en, hvis det passer ind.

Afsnit Et længere brev kan med fordel skrives med inddelinger i afsnit, for at gøre det lettere at læse for modtageren. Lav derfor afsnit med luft imellem, så det er tydeligt at teksten er delt op.

Fra og til Et brev skal indeholde oplysninger om afsender og modtager . Dvs. navne skal fremgå i brevet.

Afsender Et brev slutter som regel med en hilsen fra afsenderen. Fx: Hilsen Mogens, Med venlig hilsen Mogens, Kærlig hilsen Mogens

Se eksempel på layout i et personligt brev her.

Et formelt brev kan skrives med alle hensigter, men er dog som regel skrevet for at gøre læseren klogere eller for at påvirke/overbevise modtageren .

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: beskrive og forklare .

Et formelt brev er en skriftlig meddelelse, hvor man vil informere, ansøge, spørge, klage eller lignende til en bestemt modtager, som man ikke er i tæt relation til.

Eksempler på formelle breve:

• Informationsskrivelse
• Rykker / opkrævning
• Indkaldelse

Et brev indeholder altid en afsender (dig) – der skriver et indhold – til en modtager ( se kommunikationsmodel ).

Det er vigtigt at vide præcist, hvad brevets indhold skal være, inden du skriver. Spørg derfor dig selv:

• Hvad ønsker du at informere modtageren om?
• Hvilken reaktion ønsker du fra modtageren?

Selve brevet indeholder:

• Start (overskrift og indledning – forklar hurtigt grunden til, at du skriver).
• Uddybning (andre detaljer og forklaringer).
• Afslutning (afrunding og hilsen).

Skriv det vigtigste først. Modtageren skal hurtigt og nemt kunne se, hvad brevet handler om, og hvad afsenderen vil. Derefter kommer det næst vigtigste og det mindst vigtige til sidst i brevet. (ligesom nyhedstrekanten ).

Hold en høflig, moden og velformuleret tone. Undgå bandeord og barnlighed. Prøv at gøre sproget præcist og kompakt. Undgå lange og indviklede forklaringer. Brug derfor præcise ord og formuleringer. ( se eksempler )

Et formelt brev skal ikke kunne misforstås. Derfor er det vigtigt at være skarp på, hvad det egentlig er man vil sige i sit brev. Der er ikke fyld eller udenomssnak i et formelt brev.

Hvis brevet indeholder holdninger og synspunkter, skal disse være tydelige og velargumenterede.

Kontaktoplysninger Et formelt brev skal indeholde kontaktoplysninger om både afsender og modtager . På den måde er man ikke i tvivl om, hvem brevet er fra – og hvem brevet er til.

Brevets elementer Formelle breve skal kunne bruges som dokumentation. Derfor er der nogle krav til, hvad et brev skal indeholde.

• Overskrift : som fortæller om brevets indhold.
• Sted/dato : hvor og hvornår er brevet skrevet.
• Selve brevet :
• Med venlig hilsen : til sidst i brevet.
• Kontaktoplysninger : kan være både øverst eller nederst.

Afsnit Et længere brev skal helst skrives med inddelinger i afsnit, for at gøre det lettere at læse.

Se eksempel på layout i formelt brev her .

Hensigten er som regel at give læseren – som jo er en selv – noget at tænke over .

Dagbogen gør ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: fortælle/berette, beskrive, forklare og reflektere .

En dagbog er en slags samling af minder og tanker fra udvalgte dage. I dagbogen behandler og kommenterer forfatteren dagens oplevelser. Dagbøger er dybt personlige og indholdet deles sjældent med andre end forfatteren selv – og så selvfølgelig med dagbogen. Dagbog hører under kategorien: refleksion .

Resume af dagen Skriv dagbogen som et slags resume over de vigtigste ting, hovedpersonen har oplevet på en dag.

Tanker, følelser og meninger Den, der skriver dagbogen, fortæller både om, hvad der er sket i løbet af dagen, og hvad man synes om det. Husk derfor, at dagbogen også skal indeholde tanker, følelser og meninger om det, der er sket.

Skriv til dig selv eller til selve dagbogen I en dagbog skriver forfatteren ofte til sig selv eller direkte til dagbogen, som om den er en personlighed, der er villig til at lytte. Derfor starter nogle dagbøger med: ”Kære dagbog”.

En dagbog kan skrives i et dagligdagssprog. Men en dagbog kan også have kreative indfald, hvor der er plads til skæve vinkler og spøjse vendinger. Det skal helst lyde som om, at personen tænker højt.

Nutid og datid En dagbog skrives nogle steder i nutid – og andre steder i datid. Man skriver i datid, når man tænker tilbage og fortæller om dagen. Man skriver i nutid når man tænker over, eller kommenterer på det, der er sket.

Eksempel: I morges stod jeg for sent op. (datid) Det plejer jeg ellers ikke at gøre. (nutid)

Ny dag – nyt afsnit Dagene, som dagbogen har med, fungerer som afsnit. Inddel derfor dagene/afsnittene med dobbelt linjeafstand.

Dato Der skal være overskrift og dato over de enkelte dage. Ofte kan overskriften bare være selve datoen. Andre gange kan man, sammen med datoen, finde på en overskrift, som rammer dagen ind.

Her kan du se et eksempel på en dagbog

Hensigten er som regel at p åvirke og/eller overbevise modtageren .

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: forklare og argumentere .

Et debatindlæg er en tekst, som bringes i en avis, ofte på en særlig debatside. Indlægget er skrevet af en person, som ønsker at skabe eller deltage i en debat om et aktuelt emne. Personen præsenterer problemet, fremsætter sit synspunkt, argumenterer for sit synspunkt og giver sin løsning på problemet.

Debatindlægget forsøger ved hjælp af argumentation at overbevise modtageren om forskellige synspunkter. Debatindlæg hører under kategorien opinion.

Rubrik Lav en rubrik som fanger læserens opmærksomhed. Den må meget gerne både oplyse om indholdet, og samtidig skabe interesse for det. Du kan fx provokere lidt, bruge humor, ordspil eller stille spørgsmål.

Præsentation Præsenter og beskriv emnet og problemstillingen. Tag hurtig fat i emnet og udsæt det for dine holdninger og overbevisninger. Man må gerne kunne mærke din energi og dit behov for at debattere emnet.

Synspunkter Du skal komme med alle dine synspunkter. Husk, at synspunkter og holdninger er ligegyldige uden argumenter. Brug derfor argumenter og eksempler for at underbygge det du siger.

Inviter til debat Når modtageren læser debatindlægget, skal denne føle en lyst til at svare tilbage, og blande sig i debatten. Nogle spørgsmål og betragtninger må derfor gerne efterlades åbne, så læseren kan reflektere frit og skabe holdninger selv.

Man kan også invitere til debat eller kalde på læserens opmærksomhed ved at skrive med en “skarp pen”, dvs. skrive i en selvsikker, energisk og måske endda lidt provokerende tone.

Note: Det er især i dette punkt, at debatindlægget adskiller sig fra klummen . Klummen er ikke nødvendigvis interesseret i et modsvar eller en debat – men mere at gøre folk klogere på -, eller interesseret i det emne, den behandler.

Eksempler Brug eksempler (cases) til at anskueliggøre problemet

Løsninger Kom med løsningsforslag på problemet. Man kan også nævne andres løsningsforslag. Sagen må gerne ses fra flere sider.

Opsamling Slut med en konklusion og slå fast hvad du mener. Slutningen må gerne “skubbe” lidt til den der læser – for at udløse en reaktion.

Sproget skal være sagligt, konkret og levende. Tonen må gerne være skarp, men ordentlig og ikke nedladende. Brug gerne gode faste vendinger: for det første, for det andet, endvidere, dertil kommer osv.

Vær til stede Du og din personlighed må gerne træde frem i et debatindlæg, så man kan mærke at du er engageret og har noget på spil.

Vigtige små ord Brug ord, som viser at du argumenterer og forklarer: Fx “derfor”, “fordi”, “nemlig”, “således”, “da”, “på grund af…” osv.

Appellér Appellér til modtageren – dvs. tal til læserens moral, fornuft og følelser, så læseren mærker det samme som dig og bliver overbevist. Se: de 3 appelformer.

Rubrik, underrubrik, mellemrubrik

• Rubrik: En artikel skal have en rubrik (overskrift). Rubrikken skal skrives med meget større bogstaver end brødteksten. Rubrikken må gerne afsløre en holdning, så læseren ved, hvad han/hun kan forvente.
• Underrubrik: Du kan vælge at lave en underrubrik eller en manchet, som understøtter rubrikken, og som evt. afslører flere vigtige detaljer omkring nyheden.
• Mellemrubrikker: Mellemrubrikker er små overskrifter over de enkelte afsnit i teksten. Du kan vælge at lave disse, hvor der opstår naturlige skift i indholdet. Derved bliver teksten bliver lettere at overskue for læseren.

Byline Husk at angive navn og dato på debattøren (altså dig). Dette kaldes en byline .

Layout-eksempel Du kan læse mere om layout i artikler ved at klikke her .

OBS!!! Vær opmærksom på at layout-eksemplet er en nyhedsartikel. – Her finder du også forklaringer på avisens elementer, fx manchet, byline osv.

En erindring er en fortælling, hvor forfatteren skriver om noget særligt fra sin fortid, og den kan derfor skrives med alle hensigter.

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: fortælle/berette og beskrive .

Det kan fx handle om en vigtig begivenhed fra barndommen eller ungdommen. En erindring er ofte et minde om noget lykkeligt, sørgeligt eller på anden måde følelsesladet. Forfatteren forsøger at gøre sit minde spændende for læseren.

Erindringen har ofte detaljerede beskrivelser af stemninger, miljø og personer. Forfatteren husker også sanseoplevelser.

Forslag til indhold:

• særlige situationer og oplevelser
• miljøbeskrivelser
• følelser og sanser

Rød tråd For ikke at fare vild i din egen fortælling, kan du stille dig selv disse spørgsmål, inden du skriver:

• Hvad er det, du egentlig vil fortælle om?
• Hvad er det vigtigste i din erindring?
• Hvad skal modtageren have ud af at læse din erindring?

Hvordan starter den? Fortæl gerne i starten at du husker tilbage. Eksempler:

• Jeg husker tydeligt da …
• Min barndom var ofte præget af …
• Da jeg blev forelsket første gang, var det som …

Skab billeder Lav gode og fyldige beskrivelser. Du skal forsøge at skabe billeder i hovedet på den, som skal læse erindringen.

Jeg-fortæller Erindringen er subjektiv og der skal bruges jeg-fortæller .

Datid Der er tale om et tilbageblik og derfor skrives der i datid.

En erindring har ikke specifikke layoutkrav, da det afhænger af i hvilken sammenhæng, den skal publiceres.

Teksten skal helst inddeles i afsnit, hvor der er naturlige skift i indholdet.

Hensigten er som regel at give læseren noget at tænke over .

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: fortælle/berette, beskrive, forklare og reflektere .

Et essay er en slags fri tekst om et emne, som forfatteren tænker over og skriver om. Det lyder som om forfatteren tænker højt. Derfor kalder nogle det for skrive-tænkning.

Ordet ”essay” betyder “afprøve” eller ”forsøge”. Forfatteren “afprøver” emnet ved at gå på opdagelse i det, undersøge det fra flere vinkler og forsøge at begribe og forklare essensen af det. Læs mere om genren essay her .

Et essay SKAL indeholde disse 3 elementer:

• Det konkrete : Emnet skal præsenteres, beskrives, forklares. Fold emnet ud.
• Det erindrende : fortæl om personlige erfaringer, oplevelser og minder du har om emnet. Lav detaljerede beskrivelser af oplevelsen og tag masser af beskrivelser og sanseindtryk med.
• Det reflekterende : der skal tænkes højt over emnet i teksten, og det skal belyses fra flere vinkler.

Den røde tråd Alt i essayet skal spinde rundt om det emne, du skriver om. Emnet skal hele tiden forblive “den røde tråd” i teksten.

Et essay kan bygges op på denne måde:

• En interessant titel Find på en interessant titel som afslører noget om emnet. Det må gerne være lidt skævt, humoristisk eller spøjst, så læseren bliver lige så nysgerrig, som du selv er.
• En scene Start fx med at præsentere dit emne ved hjælp af en scene, hvor du beskriver en oplevelse fra dit liv – evt. et lille tilbageblik eller erindring. Skriv fx om en personlig oplevelse eller erfaring, som emnet kan tage udgangspunkt i. Dette gøres også for, at få læseren til at danne billeder i hovedet fra starten af, for nemmere at kunne forstå og relatere til det, du vil skrive om.
• Refleksioner Du skal reflektere over emnet. Emnet udfoldes og undersøges. Det er dine tanker der er i centrum.
• Zoom ind og ud Dine personlige tanker og overvejelser kaldes at zoome ind. Altså at du ser det fra dit eget perspektiv. Husk også at zoome ud. Dvs. at du også ser emnet fra omverdenen; altså udenfor dig selv: fx et samfundsperspektiv. Du kan også gøre brug af udtalelser og holdninger fra eksperter, fagfolk, artikler, eller fra nogen du kender.
• Konklusion Her forsøger du at samle trådene og komme til en konklusion som afrunder emnet. Prøv at nå ind til kernen af emnet. Husk at der ikke er et facit – kun et resultat af alle dine refleksioner. Du kan eventuelt slutte af med noget at tænke over, eller noget som stadig undrer dig

Sprog og stil Et essay skal lyde godt. Sproget skal være velformuleret og interessant at læse. Gør dig derfor umage med at skrive.

Inviterer læseren indenfor i dit hoved Kom med sjove og interessante måder at tænke om emnet på. Leg med sproget, brug metaforer , ordspil og andet, som kan farve teksten og gøre den interessant at læse.

Detaljer er vigtige Du skal “nørde” med emnet. Selv de små ting er interessante at skrive om. Du skal ønske at forstå emnet – at begribe det.

Nærvær Vær til stede i teksten. Man skal mærke din personlighed og dit humør igennem teksten. Du skal altså udstråle en slags energi.

Emnet er vigtigst Husk at emnet er vigtigere end dig. Skriv derfor IKKE ”jeg synes” hele tiden.

Essay’et er en fri tekst, så der er ingen specifikke krav til layout.

Et essay skal have en overskrift der fanger læserens interesse.

Det fremgår som regel hvem, der har skrevet essayet. Altså en by-line.

Inddel dit essay i afsnit, hvor der er naturlige skift i indholdet.

Hensigten er som regel at underholde læseren, men har som regel også en morale, der skal give læseren noget at tænke over .

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: fortælle/berette .

Eventyr tager læseren med på en rejse, hvor alt kan ske, og hvor det gode næsten altid sejrer. Formålet med et eventyr er at opdrage og fortælle om livets vilkår igennem historier, hvor der er en tydelig morale. Eventyr giver også bud på, hvordan vi mennesker overkommer forhindringer, svære valg og dilemmaer. Nogle eventyr har også et “voksent-lag” og kommenterer på politik og samfund (kunsteventyr).

• Eventyr hører under kategorien: fiktion .
• De to dominerende slags eventyr er: folkeeventyr og kunsteventyr.
• Læs mere om eventyr-genren .

Et eventyr er som regel bygget op ved hjælp af Kontraktmodellen (hjem-ude-hjem). Handlingen skal være kronologisk opbygget.

Titel Eventyr har ofte en titel som peger på noget i handlingen eller som siger noget hovedpersonen.

Konflikt Historien skal drives af en konflikt, et dilemma eller en forhindring som hovedpersonen stilles overfor.

Identifikation Der skal være en tydelig hovedperson, som læseren skal kunne identificere sig med og forholde sig til.

Det gode vinder til sidst Historien skal helst vise at hovedpersonen til sidst har sejret, er blevet klogere eller på anden måde er ændret og forbedret.

Morale Den der skal læse eventyret skal lære noget af historien. Der skal være en morale .

Et eventyr skal skrives i et relativt let læseligt og forståeligt sprog, som både en voksen og et barn kan få noget ud af at læse.

Datid Eventyr skrives som regel i datid.

Tidløshed Eventyr skal helst ikke angive årstal, alder på personer, rigtige adresser eller anden faktaviden. Historien skal kunne foregå, hvor som helst, når som helst.

Symbolik Der er ofte symbolik i eventyr. En blomst = kærlighed, en skov = det ukendte osv.

Virkemidler Eventyr er fyldt med sproglige virkemidler. Her er nogle eksempler: rim, remser, modsætninger, opremsninger, gåder, gentagelser, formelsprog (der var engang….).

Tillægsord Brug gerne masser af tillægsord til at beskrive personer og miljø. Fx: den smukke prinsesse, den grimme heks, den stygge trold, den hvide hest, den tapre ridder, den mørke skov, det store slot osv.

Eventyret skal have en titel

Lav gerne naturlige inddelinger i teksten (afsnit), for at gøre den mere læsevenlig.

Hvis du bruger rim og remser, så marker dette i teksten. Lad dem stå for sig selv i teksten ved hjælp af linjeskift, og-/eller skriv med kursiv .

Hensigten er som regel at gøre læseren klogere .

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: informere, beskrive og forklare .

En folder (eller brochure) er et stykke papir som er foldet, så der kan være flere sider at bladre i. Formålet med en folder er at informere, reklamere eller aflevere et budskab om et specifikt emne. Genren “folder” hører til kategorien: information .

• Læs mere om genren .

Der er ofte både tekst, billeder og grafik i folderen, som er sat op på en overskuelig måde, for at gøre det nemt for læseren at finde rundt.

Start med det vigtigste Der skal ikke være tvivl om, hvad folderen vil informere om. Start derfor med de vigtigste informationer.

Blikfang Forsiden skal designes så den skaber blikfang og interesse for emnet. Folk bliver ofte tiltrukket af et flot visuelt design. Brug derfor evt. et flot helside-billede og en elegant, stor overskrift.

Informationer om afsender Hvis hensigten er at læseren skal handle på folderen – dvs. melde sig til noget, ringe til nogen osv. – så gør det tydeligt på bagerste side, hvilke kontaktmuligheder der er.

Teksten skal kort og præcist præsentere og indramme emnet, da der ikke er uendelig plads i folderen.

Brug gerne afsnit.

Der skal være tænkt nøje over, hvordan budskabet kommer hurtigt og nemt ud til modtageren. En folder skal først og fremmest være informativ.

Rubrik Lav en stor og tydelig rubrik (overskrift), og evt. en underrubrik med forklarende tekst.

Skrifttype Skriv med letlæselig skrift.

Margin Teksten skal venstrejusteres, men forsøg at lave så lige højremargin som muligt.

Grafik Brug gerne billeder, tegninger osv. til at understøtte tekst og budskab. Sørg for at det er sat pænt op og ikke “vælter”. En folder skal helst være enkel, men stilfuld i sit udtryk.

Form Der findes forskellige typer layout og måder at folde papiret på. – Se eksempler og video .

“Interview” er her ment som en artikel-genre. Interview-artiklen er bygget på et særligt grundigt interview, som fylder det meste artiklen. Derfor kaldes denne form for artikler ganske enkelt for: “interview”. Journalisten skal gengive nøjagtigt, hvad personen siger og mener, og må derfor ikke ændre på, hvad der blev sagt under interviewet. Til gengæld må journalisten gerne beskrive stemningen eller miljøet de befinder sig i.

Denne genre må IKKE forveksles med almindelige små interviews. Disse kaldes “research-interviews”, og er korte interviews, man ofte finder i fx nyheder, reportager osv.

Interview hører under kategorien: information .

Type Find først ud af hvilken type interview-artikel, du ønsker at skrive. Der findes: portrætinterview og sagsinterview.

• Portrætinterview: Her laver man et portræt af en person.
• Sagsinterview: Her er en sag eller et emne centrum for interviewet.

Læs mere om de forskellige typer ved at klikke her .

Rubrik . Artiklen skal have en rubrik som fanger læserens opmærksomhed. Det kan fx være en sjov eller vigtig sætning fra selve interviewet. Det kan også være en sætning, som kendetegner personen eller noget personen har udrettet.

Hvordan starter jeg artiklen? Artiklen kan fx starte med at beskrive:

• baggrundsviden om personen, der skal interviewes. Hvem er det?
• hvordan det er at mødes med personen, der skal interviewes.
• hvad emnet og formålet er med interviewet.
• hvor journalisten og personen er. Fx miljøbeskrivelse, stemning, dufte osv.

Hold fokus på personen Personen, der interviewes, er det vigtigste i artiklen. Derfor skal artiklen mest indeholde, hvad der bliver sagt og svaret. Journalisten skriver om de vigtigste dele af interviewet eller bringer det hele. Artiklen indeholder ofte også beskrivelser af personens reaktioner og andet der sker under interviewet.

Samtalen skal udvikle sig Rækkefølgen af spørgsmål er vigtig. Des længere man bevæger sig ind i artiklen, jo dybere bliver spørgsmålene. Det er dog ret almindeligt at der sluttes af med et par nemme spørgsmål, for nemmere at kunne forlade interviewet igen.

Slutning Artiklen kan fx slutte med:

• at samle op på hvad hovedpointerne var i interviewet – en konklusion.
• at beskrive, hvordan det var at mødes med personen.
• at nævne, hvorfor personen er relevant, og hvad fremtiden bringer for personen.
• at beskrive, hvordan interviewet slutter, hvordan man forlader stedet, siger farvel eller andet.

Vær bevidst om målgruppen Journalisten skal være bevidst om, hvem målgruppen er. Fx vil et interview med en ung popstjerne henvende sig til unge mennesker osv. Sprog og tempo i artiklen skal helst matche denne målgruppe.

Vær tydelig Læseren må ikke være i tvivl om, hvad samtalen handler om, eller hvilke spørgsmål personen svarer på. Der kan være flere måder at være tydelig på.

Citater Der må bruges både direkte tale og indirekte tale .

Eksempel 1: Direkte tale. “Hvordan er det at være kendt?” “Det er mange gange ret hårdt at være kendt,” svarer hun og tager en slurk af sin kildevand.

Eksempel 2: Indirekte tale. Til mit spørgsmål om, hvordan det er at være kendt, blev der svaret, at det ofte kan være ret hårdt.

Eksempel 3: Blandet. “Hvordan er det at være kendt?” Hun kigger op og smiler efter jeg har stillet mit spørgsmål, og forklarer at det ofte kan være hårdt.

Rubrik En artikel skal have en rubrik (overskrift). Rubrikken skal skrives med meget større bogstaver end brødteksten. Der kan også bruges underrubrik eller manchet.

Mellemrubrikker Der kan bruges mellemrubrikker ved afsnit for at gøre teksten nemmere at finde rundt i.

Byline Husk at angive navn og dato på tekstforfatteren (altså dig). Dette kaldes en byline.

Faktabokse Du kan vælge at lave en faktaboks med data om personen.

Foto Hvis du bruger et billede af personen i interviewet, skal du angive fotografen med navn under billedet.

Citater Citater med direkte tale skal angives med tegn. Se eksempler her .

Kilder Hvis du har søgt oplysninger i medier, aviser på nettet eller andet, så husk at lave kildeangivelser .

Du kan læse mere om layout i artikler ved at klikke her . – !!! Vær opmærksom på at eksemplet er en nyhedsartikel. – Her finder du også forklaringer på avisens elementer, fx manchet, byline osv.

Hensigten er som regel at påvirke eller overbevise læseren.

En kampagnetekst laves fx af et firma, en forening, en arrangør, af kommunen, staten osv. Den skal forsøge at påvirke en bestemt målgruppe til en bestemt handling, indenfor en bestemt periode. Dens funktion minder derfor om en reklame, men den foregår ofte i serier over længere afgrænsede perioder.

Man kan finde kampagnetekster i blade, på opslagstavler, på plakater, i brochurer, som flyers og som opslag på sociale medier.

• Kampagnetekst hører under kategorien: information .

Teksten består som regel af:

• En fængende rubrik. Kan fx være en catchphrase.
• Selve brødteksten som beskriver og “sælger” budskabet eller produktet.
• Tekst eller grafik som hjælper til handling – fx kontaktoplysninger, datoer osv.

Kom til sagen Sproget skal være præcist og kompakt. Det vil sige at modtageren nemmest – og hurtigst muligt skal være informeret og kunne forstå formålet med teksten. Skriv i et let forståeligt sprog, som kommer direkte til sagen og som ikke kan misforstås eller tolkes anderledes.

Målrettethed Teksten skal påvirke og derfor målrettes en bestemt gruppe af mennesker (målgruppen). Tænk derfor nøje over, hvem målgruppen er, og hvordan teksten skal indrettes derefter.

Reklamekneb Teksten skal lokke, overbevise og påvirke læseren til at indtage en holdning eller foretage en handling. Teksten skal derfor være venlig og “sælgende” – for at skabe interesse hos læseren. Der findes mange måder at gøre dette på. Se nogle af dem her.

Rubrikken skal skrives evt. med større eller federe bogstaver end brødteksten.

Brødteksten skal inddeles i afsnit, hvor der er naturlige skift i indholdet.

Sæt gerne et billede, logo eller andet grafik ind. Det er vigtigt at kampagneteksten fanger øjet og er nem at forstå. Pas på ikke at overdrive!

Hensigten er som regel at påvirke læseren eller at give læseren noget at tænke over .

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: diskutere og argumentere .

En klumme er en tekst i en avis, som behandler et emne og udtrykker en holdning. Klummen kan i princippet handle om alt, men handler for det meste om emner, der rører sig lige nu: altså noget aktuelt.

En klumme fastholder læseren ved at være interessant, lærerig og underholdende. Klummer kan ofte have en provokerende eller humoristisk tone. En klumme har en klar holdning til sit emne, og forsøger at redegøre for den. Den er fyldt med eksempler, argumenter og begrundelser og skal være troværdig og overbevisende. Afsenderen har derfor sat sig ordentligt ind i det der skrives om.

• En klumme udgives i aviser eller andre nyhedsmedier.
• Klummen hører under kategorien: opinion.

Aktuel Tag udgangspunkt i noget fra hverdagen eller et aktuelt emne. Det kan være noget, som irriterer dig eller gør dig glad, eller noget, som du synes er rigtigt eller forkert.

Flere sider af samme sag Et emne kan ses fra mange sider og vinkler. Beslut hvordan emnet skal behandles. Vælg 3-5 forskellige indgange til emnet, inden du skriver. Du kan bruge en ide-blomst .

Argumentér Når du skriver, hvad du mener, så husk at begrunde dine meninger.

• Hvorfor synes du det, du mener?
• Giv eksempler og kom med argumenter.
• Forsøg at overbevise læseren om, at du har ret.

Appelformer Du kan bruge de tre appelformer: etos, logos og patos – for at få læseren over på din side. Læs mere om appelformer .

Refleksioner Man skal reflektere over sit emne og komme med forslag løsninger/forbedringer.

Konklusion Lav en konklusion til sidst, hvor du samler de vigtigste ting op og slår fast, hvad du mener.

Velformuleret Sproget skal være velovervejet og velformuleret – men helst ikke alt for højtideligt eller fagsprogsagtigt. Du kan derfor skrive i et rimeligt frit og almindeligt sprog.

Sæt dig ind i emnet Du skal vide, hvad du taler om. Vis læseren at du har tænkt grundigt over det, du skriver om. En klumme skal helst være grundig, overbevisende og være bevidst om omfanget af sit emne.

Vær kreativ med sproget Du kan fx bruge billedsprog, sjove eksempler, sarkasme, symbolsprog osv. Vælg fx ”en skæv vinkel”. En klumme skal helst være: interessant, lærerig og underholdende at læse.

Brug jeg-fortæller .

En klumme skal have en rubrik (overskrift). Rubrikken må gerne afsløre en holdning, så læseren ved, hvad der kan forventes.

Husk at angive navn og dato på klummens forfatter (altså dig). En byline.

Hvis du kommenterer på noget som andre har sagt, skal du huske at nævne kilden tydeligt. Fx: – Linda Jeppesen siger i en artikel i B.T. at hun ikke tror på liv efter døden. ( Læs mere om kildetyper )

Hvis du har søgt oplysninger i medier, i aviser, på nettet eller andet, så husk at lave kildeangivelse .

Hvis klummen skal bringes i en trykt avis, skal teksten stå i spalter. I internetaviser bruges der ikke spalter.

Hensigten er som regel at påvirke/overbevise læseren .

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: kommentere, diskutere og argumentere .

En kommentar er en tekst i en avis, der kan være skrevet af enten en ansat på avisen eller en udefra. Formålet er at kommentere på noget, andre har skrevet eller sagt. Den er enten enig eller uenig og udtrykker sine egne holdninger og meninger ud fra dette. En kommentar minder lidt, i sprog og form, om et debatindlæg.

Kommentar hører under kategorien: opinion

En kommentar kan bygges op af disse 3 elementer:

• Præsentation af emnet og den holdning man ønsker at kommentere på.
• Holdninger, påstande, eksempler og argumenter.
• Opsamling og konklusion.

Præsenter emnet I en kommentar skal man forklare, hvad det er, man kommenterer på. Det kan fx være en artikel, en udsendelse i TV eller en udtalelse fra en politiker. Husk derfor at præsentere dette først. Ellers ved læseren ikke, hvad eller hvem kommentaren er rettet imod.

Holdninger Dine meninger og holdninger er vigtige. Din personlighed og dit humør må gerne træde frem i teksten.

Konklusion Slut med en konklusion og slå fast, hvad du mener.

Sproget er rimeligt frit, men det skal være klart og tydeligt, hvad du kommenterer på, og hvad du mener. Det er også en god ide at lyde som om, du har tænkt grundigt over det, du vil sige.

Vær saglig En kommentar skal være saglig. Dvs. at den holder sig til sagen og ikke kun kritiserer. Det er derfor vigtigt, at den der skriver kommentaren, er god til at argumentere og har sat sig ind i emnet.

Argumentér Brug citater og eksempler fra den tekst du kommenterer på til at “spille op ad”. Husk at argumentere for de holdninger, du har. Er du enig eller uenig, og hvorfor er du det.

Forsøg også at overbevise læseren.

Appellér Appellér til modtageren – dvs. tal til læserens fornuft og følelser, så læseren mærker det samme som dig og bliver overbevist. Se: de 3 appelformer .

En kommentar skal have en rubrik (overskrift). Rubrikken skal skrives med meget større bogstaver end brødteksten. Den må gerne afsløre en holdning, så læseren ved, hvad der kan forventes.

Husk at angive navn og dato på forfatteren til kommentaren (altså dig). Dette kaldes en byline.

• Teksten skal venstrejusteres. Højremargin skal være forsøgt gjort lige. Fx med ord-deling.

Husk at sætte de rigtige tegn ved citater.

• Hvis du har søgt oplysninger i medier, aviser på nettet eller andet, så husk at lave kildeangivelse .

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformen: fortælle/berette .

Kortprosa er en tekst, som handler om opdigtede situationer og begivenheder på en kort og kunstnerisk måde.

Kortprosa handler for det meste om kun en enkelt situation. Man skal være opmærksom når man læser kortprosa, da selv små ligegyldige steder eller ting i teksten, kan betyde noget eller få betydning senere i teksten. Kortprosa eksperimenterer med sprog og form – både i måden det er skrevet på, men også i måden det ser ud på. Kortprosa kan derfor ligne fx et digt, en novelle eller et essay, uden at være det.

Teksten har en handling, der kan virke som en gåde, der skal løses. Der forklares ikke særligt meget, så læseren skal selv “på arbejde” for at forstå eller finde budskaber i teksten (Showing not telling). Ofte er det op til læseren selv at vurdere, hvad den egentlig handler om.

• Kortprosa hører til kategorien fiktion .

Start Kortprosa starter in medias res . Altså midt inde i en situation / begivenhed.

Kort tekst I kortprosa skal du ikke skrive så meget tekst. Kortprosa er ofte kun 1/2 til 1 side.

Kun én begivenhed Kortprosa handler for det meste om et øjeblik, en situation, en følelse, en ting.

De 3 k’er Kortprosa skal være

• Koncentreret

Slutning Der bruges ofte åben slutning. Læseren må selv tænke sig til resten.

Småt men godt Kortprosa skrives med få ord, men kan indeholde mange ting alligevel. Dvs. der skal stå meget mellem linjerne. Den der læser det, skal fornemme en dybde og et lag i teksten, og der skal være noget at tænke over.

Holdninger I kortprosa er det tilladt at meninger skinner igennem i teksten. Fortælleren kan også tale eller tænke højt om teksten – komme med kommentarer her og der (metarefleksion).

Kortprosa fylder som regel 1/2 til 1 side.

Kortprosa må gerne stilles op som andre genrer. Fx som en novelle eller et digt. Kortprosa kan derfor både venstrejusteres eller centreres, opstilles i strofer osv.

Layout er dermed frit, men der skal helst være en grund til det layout du vælger. Det kan fx layoutes efter, hvordan du ønsker teksten skal opleves og læses.

Kortprosa har ofte et layout som støtter læseren med at forstå teksten. Det betyder, at der skal være en ide med de linjeskift og afsnit, som du laver.

Kronikkens hensigt er som regel at give læseren noget at tænke over .

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: fortælle/berette, beskrive, diskutere, forklare og reflektere .

En kronik er en slags fri tekst om et emne ( tema ) i en avis eller et blad. Kronikken er avisens “essay”, da de to genrer minder meget om hinanden. I en kronik leder man efter sandheden; man forsøger at finde ud af noget, ikke for at fortælle det, man allerede har fundet ud af. Dvs. man tænker over emnet, overvejer det, spørger ind til og reflekterer. Man undersøger, begrunder, argumenterer og kommer med eksempler og modeksempler.

I en kronik er afsenderen nysgerrig og optaget af emnet. Man ønsker at fordybe sig i emnet – både før – og imens der skrives.

• Kronik hører under kategorien: opinion .

Rød tråd Der skal være en slags ”rød tråd” igennem teksten. Det er vigtigt at holde fast i, hvad det er man undersøger. Lav eventuelt en handlingslinje eller et mindmap inden du skriver.

Man kan dele teksten op i 3 dele:

• Præsentation af emnet + problemstilling.
• Diskussion (med sig selv) og refleksion.
• Man begrunder og argumenterer.
• Man finder eksempler og modeksempler.

3. Konklusion / afslutning.

Sproget skal være velformuleret, men ikke fint og højtideligt.

En kronik er subjektiv . Forfatteren vil gerne danne et udgangspunkt, som læseren kan tænke videre over, når teksten er færdig.

Det kan man gøre ved at gøre brug af:

Beskrivelser Man beskriver grundigt det, man undersøger.

Refleksion Man reflekterer over emnet. Se på emnet udefra og se på det fra flere sider (også selv om du ikke er enig).

Erindringer Særlige hændelser fra tidligere del af ens liv.

Sansninger Man beskriver oplevelser, man har haft med høre-, lugte-, syns-, smags- og følesansen.

Indre monolog Man taler med sig selv.

Forundring Noget man overraskes over og tænker over.

Tankeeksperiment Fx ”hvad nu hvis …”

• Hvis du sætter et billede ind i artiklen, skal du angive kilden under billedet.
• En kronik skal have en rubrik (overskrift). Rubrikken skal skrives med meget større bogstaver end brødteksten. Den skal helst afsløre noget om indholdet i kronikken.
• Husk at angive navn og dato på kronikøren (altså dig). Dette kaldes en byline.
• Husk at sætte tegn ved citater .
• Hvis du kommenterer på noget, andre har sagt, skal du huske at angive kilden tydeligt. Fx: – Linda Jeppesen siger i en artikel i B.T. at hun ikke tror på liv efter døden. ( Læs mere om kildetyper )
• Hvis du har søgt oplysninger i medier, aviser på nettet eller andet, så husk at lave kildeangivelser .

Hensigten er som regel at påvirke/overbevise modtageren.

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: redegøre, kommentere, diskutere og argumentere.

Et læserbrev er en tekst, som bringes i fx en avis, men som er skrevet af én af avisens læsere – altså ikke af en journalist. Afsenderen ønsker at dele sine holdninger, med avisens andre læsere, om et aktuelt emne eller en sag.

Afsenderen præsenterer problemet og er skarp på sin holdning. Man argumenterer med eksempler. Læserbrevet afsluttes ofte med en opfordring til en bestemt tanke eller handling. Læserbrevet argumenterer flittigt for at overbevise modtageren. Et læserbrev kan minde lidt om et debatindlæg, men er kortere, behandler problemet mere konkret og er mere fri i sit sprog og sin form.

• Læserbrev hører under kategorien: opinion .

Rubrik Lav en rubrik. som fanger læserens opmærksomhed. Den skal helst afsløre noget om, hvad du mener, og hvad teksten kommer til at handle om.

Præsentation Præsenter og beskriv emnet og problemet. Ingen må være i tvivl om, hvad læserbrevet er skrevet for.

Synspunkter Du skal komme med dine synspunkter tidligt i teksten. Det er disse, som teksten spinder rundt om.

Kom med 2-3 argumenter for dit synspunkt, som du underbygger med eksempler. Derefter er det vigtigt at argumentere for disse synspunkter. Altså: Hvorfor synes du det du synes? Husk at gode og kloge argumenter samt eksempler kan vinde mange diskussioner.

Argumentér Brug ord og sætninger, som viser at du argumenterer. Fx: derfor, fordi, nemlig, således, da, på grund af, det vil sige …

Kom med løsninger Kom med ideer og løsningsforslag til problemet. Man kan også nævne og kommentere andres løsningsforslag.

Opsamling Slut med en konklusion og slå fast, hvad du mener.

Sproget skal være sagligt, konkret og levende. Tonen må gerne være skarp, men skal helst være ordentlig og ikke nedladende. Ellers stopper folk nemlig med at lytte til dig.

Vær tydelig Din personlighed og dit humør må gerne træde frem i teksten. Det er DIG og dine holdninger, der er i spil i et læserbrev.

Et læserbrev skal udstråle interesse og energi, og må gerne have temperament. Man kan sagtens lyde utilfreds og sur, hvis der er grund til det – men pas på ikke at blive “for meget”. Man kan sagtens skælde ud, uden at man råber og bliver barnlig osv. Det er vigtigt at læserne kommer over på din side.

• Der skal være en rubrik, som fanger læserens interesse.
• Hvis læserbrevet skal bringes i en avis, skal det skrives i 2-4 spalter.
• Teksten skal venstrejusteres.
• Højremargin skal være med ord-deling.

Hensigten er som regel at underholde læseren.

Start med at vælge historiens konflikt. En novelle skal kun handle om 1 konflikt . Hovedpersonen vil noget eller skal noget. Der er muligvis modstand eller forhindringer, der gør det vanskeligt for personen. Til slut har personen ofte lært noget, udviklet sig eller på anden måde ændret sig undervejs.

Indre eller ydre konflikt:

• Indre konflikt: Her kommer problemet inde fra hovedpersonen selv (Kaldes: hverdagsnovelle).
• Ydre konflikt: Her “rammes” hovedpersonen af et problem eller en udfordring, som kommer udefra (Kaldes: klassisk novelle).

In medias res I noveller skal handlingen helst hurtigt i gang. På engelsk siger man: “get to the action”. Dette er dog ikke en regel. En novelle starter derfor ofte ” In medias res ”.

3 dele En novelle kan typisk bygges op af 3 dele:

• Start: Vi møder hurtigt personer, miljø og konflikt.
• Midte: Hovedpersonen går igennem konflikten.
• Afslutning: Konflikten har påvirket, ændret eller udviklet hovedpersonen. Konflikten er enten løst eller ikke løst.

Du kan evt. hente hjælp i tre-akter-modellen .

Slutningen Noveller kan slutte på mange måder. Nogle noveller slutter åbne mens andre gør historien grundigt færdig. Det bestemmer du.

Sproget er fortællende og berettende. Der er ofte beskrivelser af personer og miljø.

Sproglige virkemidler Der kan benyttes sproglige virkemidler, som kan gøre teksten mere spændende og interessant.

Nutid eller datid Vælg om novellen skal skrives i nutid eller datid.

Noget på hjerte En novelle skal helst have noget på hjerte! Den kan fx give os indsigt i dele af menneskelivet eller vise os situationer, vi kan spejle os i. Altså noget den vil vise os og give os indblik i.

Vælg synsvinkel Brug enten jeg-fortæller eller 3. person-fortæller .

• Din novelle skal have en titel
• Hvis personerne taler til hinanden (direkte tale), skal det vises – fx med anførsels-tegn eller talestreg.
• Lav gerne afsnit i teksten, hvor der er naturlige skift i indholdet. Fx ved et skift i sted, tidspunkt, synsvinkel eller i selve handlingen. Brug dobbelt linjeafstand til at markere disse afsnit.

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: informere, beskrive og redegøre .

En nyhedsartikel er en tekst i en avis, som skal informere læseren om en aktuel begivenhed, sag eller hændelse. En nyhedsartikel skrives af en journalist, som forsøger at fortælle hurtige og præcise information om nyheden: altså “hvad, hvor, hvornår, hvem og hvordan.

En nyhedsartikel indeholder for det meste ikke journalistens holdninger, men forholder sig neutralt ( objektivt ) til nyheden. Den skal informere mere, end den skal påvirke læseren.

En nyhedsartikel kan også følge op på forrige nyheder. Her giver den statusopdateringer og leverer nye og væsentlige informationer i sagen.

• En nyhedsartikel er væsentlig kortere end en baggrundsartikel .
• Nyhedsartikel hører under kategorien: information .

Vinkel Find en spændende vinkel på nyheden.

Et eksempel kunne være en nyhed om en ildebrand, som vinkles fra brandfolkenes side. Nyheden kunne således tage udgangspunkt i brandfolkenes oplevelser og udtalelser. Rubrikken kunne fx lyde: “Brandfolk redder uvurderlige kulturskatte i voldsom brand.”

Rubrik Nyhedsartiklen skal have en rubrik, som fanger læserens opmærksomhed. Den skal afsløre noget vigtigt om nyheden.

Opbygning En nyhedsartikel bygges op ved hjælp af Nyhedstrekanten . Artiklen skal starte med det vigtigste, hvor den hurtigt afslører hvad nyheden er. Herefter kommer det næst vigtigste, uddybninger om sagen, citater osv.

Interviews Der er ofte korte interviews eller citater fra relevante kilder i en nyhedsartikel.

Sprog Sproget skal være præcist og kompakt. Brug ikke for meget plads på lange miljøbeskrivelser og personskildringer. Det er nyheden og konflikten, som skal være i fokus.

Vær objektiv Journalisten skal som udgangspunkt holde sig selv og sine egne meninger udenfor. Dvs. at den helst skal skrives i et objektivt sprog, medmindre der er gode grunde til ikke at gøre det.

Fakta Artiklen skal informere om fakta. Skriv derfor oplysninger om: hvem, hvad, hvornår, hvordan osv.

• En nyhedsartikel skal have en rubrik (overskrift). Rubrikken skal skrives med meget større bogstaver end brødteksten.
• Husk at angive journalistens navn og dato (altså dig). Dette kaldes en byline.
• Sæt gerne et billede ind. Sørg for at angive hvem, der har taget billedet, og hvornår det er taget – hvis det er muligt. Husk billedtekst.
• Lav afsnit. Hvis nyheden er lang nok kan du inddele teksten vha. mellemrubrikker. Ellers lav inddelinger i teksten vha. afsnit. Så bliver artiklen nemmere at overskue.
• Brug gerne citatbokse, diagrammer, undersøgelser, faktabokse.
• Brug gerne citater fra interviews. Husk at angive navnene tydeligt. Fx: – Moderen til skudofferet, Linda Jeppesen, udtaler: “Jeg bliver aldrig mig selv igen.” ( Læs mere om kildetyper )
• Læs mere om artikel-layout .

Et oplæg kan have alle hensigter, men det er som regel for at informere læseren (eller lytteren) eller at påvirke/overbevise læseren (eller lytteren)

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: informere, forklare, beskrive og/eller argumentere, diskutere, redegøre.

Et oplæg er tænkt som en indledning til et emne, eller som udgangspunkt for en diskussion eller en aktivitet. Oplægget har for det meste et fagligt indhold.

Mundtlig eller skriftlig Et oplæg afholdes ofte mundtligt – men det kan også leveres skriftligt. Det skriftlige oplæg kan også fungere, som et manuskript til det mundtlige oplæg.

Oplæg = lægge op Oplæggets formål er at fungere som et udspil eller en slags indledning.

Oplægget skal altså derfor ses som starten på noget. Man lægger altså op til noget, som tilhørerne skal forholde sig til, eller gøre.

Indledning Start med at præsentere, hvad dit emne er, og hvad du gerne vil komme ind på i dit oplæg.

Midte Fremfør dine pointer eller argumenter, og begrund dine meninger.

Kom med konkrete bud på hvad, du ønsker der skal gøres/ændres, når dit oplæg er slut.

Kom meget gerne med konkret eksempler

Afslutning Opsummér de vigtigste pointer, så du er sikker på, at publikum husker dem.

Kom med eksempler Brug eksempler til at gøre det mere tydeligt.

Sproget skal være sagligt, konkret og levende. Tonen må gerne være skarp, men ordentlig og ikke nedladende. Brug gerne gode faste vendinger: for det første, for det andet, endvidere, dertil kommer osv.

Appellér Appellér til modtageren – dvs. tal til læserens moral, fornuft og følelser, så læseren mærker det samme som dig og bliver overbevist. Se:  de 3 appelformer .

Retoriske spørgsmål Brug evt. retoriske spørgsmål som du selv svarer på: ”Vil det sige, at jeg mener, at det er en dårlig ide at være vegetar? Nej! Det jeg mener er…”

Sproglige virkemidler Overvej fx om, du skal gøre brug af fx humor , alvor, appelformener , slang, dialekt el. andet. Se flere eksempler her .

Lav en overskrift. Den skal helst afsløre emnet eller situationen:

• ”Oplæg om fremtidig brug af energidrik”
• ”Oplæg ved Aarhus Festuge…”
• ”Oplæg til forslag om forbedring af …”
• Lav afsnit. Så er det både nemmere at læse, men også lettere at finde rundt i, hvis man hurtigt skal orientere sig i talen.

Lav evt. mellemrubrikker. Så er det både nemmere at læse, men også lettere at finde rundt i, hvis man hurtigt skal orientere sig i oplægget.

En personlig beretning er et tilbageblik, hvor forfatteren skriver om noget særligt fra sin fortid, og den kan skrives med alle hensigter.

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: fortælle/berette, beskrive og reflektere .

En personlig beretning er en tekst, som beskriver en oplevelse fra en persons liv. Beretningen er skrevet af personen selv – altså en jeg-fortæller. Det kunne fx handle om en ferie, en naturoplevelse, et sygdomsforløb, en ulykke eller måske en helt almindelig hverdag. Personlig beretning hører under kategorien: refleksion . Læs mere om genren .

Du kan inddele teksten i 3 dele:

• Præsentation Start med at præsentere, hvilken oplevelse teksten handler om. Herunder informationer om tid, sted, en eventuel konflikt osv.
• Beskrivelser Her fortælles selve handlingsforløbet i kronologisk rækkefølge.
• Afrunding Afslut beretningen med en slutkommentar eller konklusion.

Kronologisk Fortæl i den rækkefølge, som det fandt sted.

Titel Giv din beretning en titel.

Den ydre handling bærer fortællingen fremad Teksten skal bæres fremad af den ydre handling: altså det, som du har oplevet, og i den rækkefølge, som det skete i. Derfor får du brug for ord, som binder handlingsforløbet sammen. Fx: dernæst, derefter, da, så, bagefter, senere, pludselig osv.

Brug jeg-fortæller og skriv i datid Det er personen selv der skriver beretningen. Derfor skal du bruge jeg-fortæller og husk at skrive i datid .

Skriv både om oplevelser og tanker Du skal beskrive de oplevelser, der fandt sted. Disse beskrivelser skal være både interessante og fyldige. Du skal også beskrive nogle af de tanker og meninger, du forbinder med disse oplevelser.

Indlevende sprog Du kan gøre beretningen interessant for læseren ved at skrive indlevende. Man skal kunne mærke at du har lyst til eller brug for, at dele dine oplevelser.

Husk titel øverst. Gør titlen tydelig, fx med fed – eller lidt større skrift. Titlen må gerne centreres (stå i midten).

Den gør ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: beskrive, forklare og informere .

Formålet med en portrætartikel er at sætte fokus på en bestemt person og levere viden og indsigt om personen til læseren. Ordet portræt betyder “at trække frem” eller “afsløre”, så læseren skal helst få en ny viden, eller se en side af personen, som man ikke har set før. Portrætartikler skrives som regel i en anledning, fx en rund fødselsdag, et dødsfald, en filmpremiere, en retssag eller andet.

Portrætartikler opdeles i 2 undergenrer: Klassisk portræt Portrætinterview

• Portrætartikel hører under kategorien: information .

Præsenter ideen med portrættet Forklar i starten af artiklen, hvorfor der er lavet et portræt af hovedpersonen netop nu? Er der en bestemt anledning? Eller har journalisten fået en viden, som kan afsløre en ny side af hovedpersonen?

Hav styr på fakta Portrætartikler indeholder fakta om hovedpersonen. Det vil sige oplysninger om alder, opvækst, civil stand, børn, arbejde, osv. Hvis ikke oplysningerne har bærende betydning for portrættet, kan de blot nævnes i en faktaboks .

Alderen på hovedpersonen er vigtig, for at læseren kan identificere sig med hovedpersonen. Hvis portrættet er i forbindelse med en rund fødselsdag, skal det selvfølgelig fylde mere. Hvis ikke, kan det bare nævnes i en bibemærkning.

Undersøg de store oplevelser i personens liv Find viden om de store oplevelser eller præstationer som hovedpersonen har været en del af. Under interviewet kan man så få personen til selv at sætte ord på disse oplevelser. Journalisten stiller opklarende spørgsmål undervejs og får dermed ny viden og indsigt. Interview personer, der kender personen I et klassisk portræt interviewer journalisten personer, der er tæt på hovedpersonen. Det kan være venner, familie, arbejdskollegaer, osv. Disse interviews kan også være med til at skabe et mere nuanceret billede af hovedpersonen.

Sproget skal være nærværende, klart og tydeligt og let at forstå. Sproget skrives i en tone, som giver læseren et indtryk af, at journalisten har “været tæt på” hovedpersonen. Dermed får læseren en følelse af at komme til at kende hovedpersonen endnu bedre.

Man skal mærke personen Hovedpersonens personlighed er en vigtig del af et portræt. Det er journalistens opgave at få læseren til at “mærke” hvordan hovedpersonen er.

Påvirkninger Journalisten kan påvirke læserens indstilling eller holdning til hovedpersonen. Hvis journalisten fx fortæller, at hovedpersonen er meget smilende under interviewet og er yderst høflig overfor den tjener, der serverer mad til dem, får vi som læsere et mere positivt syn på vores hovedperson.

Dette kan fx bruges til at understrege kendte sider af personen, at skabe et mere nuanceret billede, eller måske skabe et nyt og overraskende billede af personen.

Direkte og indirekte tale Brug gerne både direkte tale og indirekte tale rundt omkring i artiklen.

• Direkte tale “Jeg ved ikke, hvorfor jeg gik med ulven,” fortæller Rødhætte med lidt uro i blikket. “Det hele skete så hurtigt,” fortsætter hun.
• Indirekte tale Rødhætte fortæller til sidst, at hun regner med at leve lykkeligt til sine dages ende.
• Vælg et relevant billede til portrættet. Vælg gerne et billede, der er med til at understrege budskabet i teksten. Eksempel: Hvis journalisten gerne vil fortælle, at en fængselsfange i virkeligheden er en blød fyr, der godt kan lide at lave mad, kan det være relevant med et billede af ham i et køkken.
• En portrætartikel skal have en stor og synlig rubrik. Du kan også vælge at lave en underrubrik og/eller en manchet.
• Den skal have en byline (journalistens navn og dato).
• Hvis artiklen skal bringes i en trykt avis, skal den skrives i 2-4 spalter. Hvis den skal bringes på nettet, skal den ikke skrives i spalter.
• Det er en god idé at lave afsnit med mellemrubrikker.
• Der kan være særligt fremhævede citater. Se eksempel på citat i artikel .
• Der kan være faktabokse , som indeholder interessant og nyttig viden.

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: informere, redegøre, forklare og beskrive .

En pressemeddelelse er en meddelelse, som sendes til en avis, nyhedsstation eller anden presse. Dette gøres for at fange pressens interesse omkring en nyhed eller begivenhed, for derved at få pressen til at udgive den. Fx åbning af en bro, et jubilæum, et direktørskifte, eller andet.

Der lægges vægt på layout og læsevenlighed.

• Pressemeddelse hører under kategorien: information .

Elementer En pressemeddelelse indeholder: en rubrik, en dato, brødtekst, og en tydelig afsender. Yderligere kontaktoplysninger skrives, hvis det er relevant.

Der kan bruges billeder, faktaboks, logo, grafik, skemaer m.m.

• en rubrik hvor nyheden / meddelelsen afsløres.
• en kort indledende tekst med en præsentation af nyheden.
• en længere tekst med uddybninger, detaljer og udtalelser.

Nyhedstrekant En pressemeddelelse bygges op ved hjælp af Nyhedstrekanten . Den skal derfor starte med det vigtigste, hvor den hurtigt afslører, hvad meddelelsen drejer sig om.

Tydelig rubrik En pressemeddelelse skal have en rubrik (overskrift), som fanger læserens opmærksomhed. Det gælder både for indhold og udseende.

Kom til sagen Det skal være tydeligt fra starten, hvad pressemeddelelsen handler om. Det er vigtigt at man “kommer til sagen” og ikke roder sig ud i lange og indviklede forklaringer.

Fakta En pressemeddelelse indeholder nyttig information. Hvad, hvor, hvem, hvornår, hvorfor, hvordan osv.

Læsevenlighed En pressemeddelelse skal være nem at finde rundt i. Der lægges stor vægt på layout og læsevenlighed.

Sproget skal være præcist og kompakt. Det vil sige at modtageren nemmest – og hurtigst muligt skal være informeret og skal kunne forstå formålet med teksten.

Citater Der er ofte anvendt citater eller udtalelser fra relevante personer i en pressemeddelelse. Citaterne er med til at gøre nyheden mere nærværende og troværdig.

• Dato og sted skrives (ofte øverst i højre hjørne). Se layout nederst.
• Ordet “Pressemeddelelse” skrives på sin egen linje inden rubrikken. Se layout nederst
• Rubrikken skal skrives med større bogstaver end brødteksten.
• Brødteksten kan indeholde en manchet.
• Sæt gerne billeder, faktabokse, skemaer og andet grafik ind. Det er vigtigt at pressemeddelelsen fanger øjet og er nem at orientere sig i. Pas på ikke at overdrive.
• Hvis det er relevant, skal der være kontaktoplysninger.
• En pressemeddelelse er kort og fylder som regel 1/2 til 1 side. · En pressemeddelelse sættes ikke op i spalter.

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: beskrive og informere .

En reportage er en artikel, skrevet af en journalist, der befinder sig på det sted, hvor nyheden udspiller sig. På den måde får læseren en oplevelse af at være der selv. Ordet “reportage” er latin og betyder: ”At bringe”. Journalisten skal ”bringe nyheden hen” til læseren.

Reportagen kan bruges til både at bringe en nyhed der sker lige nu, eller til at tage tilbage til stedet og fortælle, hvordan situationen ser ud nu. Reportagen kan derfor også være en slags statusopdatering.

Der bruges ofte beskrivelser af sanseindtryk, stemninger og miljø. Der er som regel små interviews og udtalelser fra relevante personer, som er på stedet.

• Reportage hører under kategorien: information

Hvem, hvad, hvor Man skal hurtigt gøre rede for situationen: Hvad er det, vi skal vide noget om? Et flystyrt Skanderborg Festival? En dag på efterskole? Eller andet?

Fluen på væggen I en reportage er du der, hvor nyheden er. Journalisten er nemlig til stede og viderebringer det, som han/hun oplever. Journalisten er ligesom “en flue på væggen”.

Scener Du skal vælge et antal forskellige scener fra stedet, som skal danne udgangspunkt for artiklens beskrivelser og andet indhold. Det er disse scener, som afgør hvor du, som journalist, skal rapportere fra. Fx en gårdsplads, en kantine eller et kontor. Det er disse scener, som skal være med til, at læseren får følelsen af at være der selv.

Eksempel: I en reportage om en efterskole, kunne første scene fx være gårdspladsen på skolen, som du starter med at beskrive og indfange stemningen af. Næste scene kunne være spisesalen, hvor alle eleverne befinder sig, næste scene et elevværelse, hvor en elev interviewes osv.

Når scenerne er valgt, skal de beskrives. Du kan fx vælge at fokusere på følgende:

• Stemninger og indtryk
• Aktivitet (altså, hvad sker der her?)
• Fakta- og baggrundsviden

Interviews Der kan bruges små interviews fra involverede i begivenheden. Der findes forskellige kildetyper, som man kan vælge at have med:

• ekspertkilder
• erfaringskilder
• partskilder

Læs mere om kildetyper .

Journalisten / reporteren har ikke en skjult dagsorden eller et budskab, der skal frem – men sproget kan dog sagtens være påvirket af det der sker, fx begejstring, utryghed eller andet.

Beskrivende sprog Sproget er ofte meget beskrivende, så læseren nemmere kan opleve at være til stede. Reportagen skrives i nutid.

Miljøbeskrivelser Når man har valgt sin første scene, fx gårdspladsen, får man brug for at lave en miljøbeskrivelse : Hvordan føles det at være der? Lav beskrivelser af stedet og af de stemninger der er – og brug sanserne. Altså: hvad kan du se, høre, lugte, mærke osv. Reportagen kan sagtens starte med en sansende beskrivelse af stedet.

• En reportage skal have en stor og synlig rubrik (overskrift)
• Den kan have en underrubrik og- eller en manchet.
• Den skal have en byline (dato og navnet på journalisten).
• Hvis du sætter et billede ind i artiklen, skal du angive kilden under billedet. Husk billedtekst.
• En reportage i en trykt avis skal skrives i 3-5 spalter. Artikler i internet-aviser er ikke sat op i spalter.
• Der skal som regel være mellemrubrikker for at gøre det nemmere at overskue teksten.
• Der kan være faktabokse med nødvendig information.
• Citater fra interviews skal markeres med tegn. Læs mere.
• Højremargin skal være forsøgt gjort lige. Fx med ord-deling.
• Se eksempel på artikel-layout . -Vær opmærksom på at eksemplet er fra en nyhedsartikel.

En tale kan skrives med alle hensigter. Hensigten er styret af situationen (se under indhold).

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: argumentere, fortælle/berette og informere.

Talens opgave er at formidle et budskab mundtligt til en bestemt modtager eller gruppe.

Man kan inddele talen i 3 undergenrer, der udspringer af 3 forskellige situationer: 

Informationstalen Her er hensigten at formidle en vigtig information til publikummet.  Det vigtigste i talen er, at de tilhørende forstår og husker informationen.

Den politiske tale Her er hensigten at formidle en holdning til publikummet. Talen vil gøre opmærksom på en holdning og/eller overbevise de tilhørende om, at taleren har ret.

Lejlighedstalen Her er formålet at sætte fokus på en person eller en begivenhed. Det er anledningen, der er det bærende element i talen.

En start, en midte og en afslutning Man kan med fordel inddele talen i 3 dele:

Tag udgangspunkt i situationen/konflikte En tale bliver skrevet for, at den kan afholdes på et bestemt sted på et bestemt tidspunkt (situation). Det kan derfor være en god ide at starte med en sætning, der afslører hvorfor man holder talen. tager udgangspunkt i situationen (eller konflikten), der gør, at man vil holde talen.

• ”Vi er alle samlet for at…”
• ”Her på årets sidste dag…”
• ”Først og fremmest skal der lyde et stort tillykke med dagen til…”
• ”Jeg står foran jer i dag for at…”
• ”Sidst, jeg stod her, var…”

Brug elementer af fortid, nutid og fremtid

Fortid Nogle gange kan det være godt at forholde sig til ting, der går forud for det tidspunkt, hvor talen holdes. Her kan man beskrive situationer eller hændelser, der har relevans for emnet.

Nutid I nutiden tager man udgangspunkt i den situation, man står i, når talen afholdes.

• Det kan både være den fysiske situation man befinder sig i: en begravelse, en fødselsdag, en afslutningsfest el. andet.
• Det kan også være den psykiske situation: en glæde, eller sorg, over noget, en frygt eller forventning, en samfundsmæssig udfordring el. andet.

Fremtid Det kan være godt at give et bud på, hvad man forventer/eller frygter af fremtiden. 

Slut stærkt af Uanset hensigt og situation er det vigtigt, at ”lukke” sin tale på en god måde. Det sidste afsnit er det, som modtageren vil stå tilbage med, så det kan her være godt at fremhæve vigtige pointer eller bekræfte talens budskab i afslutningen.

Det kan fx gøres med en sætning som: ”Til slut vil jeg blot sige…”

Sproget skal passe til talens hensigt og situation. Det er derfor vigtigt at sproget passer til følgende parametre:

• Afsender: Hvad er talerens rolle i forhold til situationen?
• Indhold: Hvad ønsker taleren at sige (informationer og budskab)?
• Modtager: Hvem er publikum?
• Kontekst (situation): Hvilken sammenhæng bliver talen afholdt i?

Sproglige virkemidler Beslut dig for om talen skal sjov, underholdende, lærerig, følelsesladet eller andet. Herefter kan du gøre talen endnu mere spændende, ved at benytte dig af sproglige virkemidler. Overvej fx om, du skal gøre brug af humor , alvor, appelformener , talemåder osv.

Se flere eksempler her .

• Dato og sted kan evt. skrives øverst.
• Lav en overskrift. Den kan fx indeholde informationer om situationen Eksempler: ”Nytårstale 20XX” ”Tale ved åbningen af…” ”Tale til dimission på …”
• Lav evt. underoverskrifter (mellemrubrikker). Så er det både nemmere at læse, men også lettere at finde rundt i, hvis man hurtigt skal orientere sig i talen.

En øjenvidneberetning kan skrives med flere hensigter, men skrives ofte for at gøre læseren klogere .

Der gøres ofte brug af fremstillingsformerne: fortælle/berette, beskrive, forklare, informere og redegøre .

En øjenvidneberetning er en artikel i en avis, hvor et øjenvidne til en begivenhed skriver om sine oplevelser. Øjenvidnet husker tilbage på, hvad der skete og der fortælles med stor indlevelse om de vigtigste situationer. Man kan sige at øjenvidnet genoplever situationen i artiklen.

En øjenvidneberetning fortælles ud fra øjenvidnets synsvinkel ( 1.person-fortæller ). Sproget låner ofte måder at fortælle på fra novelle -genren, når miljø eller situationer skal beskrives. Der fortælles detaljeret om betragtninger og reaktioner, på det der skete. Sproget er ofte dramatisk, og sørger for at gøre det til spændende læsning.

• Øjenvidneberetning hører under kategorien: information .

Rubrikken skal være spændende Lav en rubrik (overskrift) som fanger læserens interesse. I denne genre kan rubrikken nogle gange være ret dramatisk. Fx: “Tre dage i helvede”, “Fanget under jorden”, “På ferie med døden i hælene” osv.

Hvordan skal den starte? Her er nogle eksempler:

• Du starter med en præsentation af hændelsen, og fortæller bagefter selve historien.
• Du starter med at beskrive, hvad der skete før hændelsen.
• Du starter fra dag 1 i selve hændelsen og fortæller fremad.
• Du kaster os ind i noget spændende der skete og starter bagefter fra begyndelsen.
• Du kaster os ind i noget spændende og fortæller derfra.

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Tim Walz's military record: What to know about potential VP's National Guard service

Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris selected Minnesota Governor Tim Walz as her running mate on Tuesday, choosing a progressive yet plain-spoken VP candidate from America’s heartland to help her win over rural, white voters.

“I’m pleased to share that I’ve made my decision: Minnesota Governor Tim Walz will join our campaign as my running mate,” Harris said via text to supporters. “Tim is a battle-tested leader who has an incredible track record of getting things done for Minnesota families. I know that he will bring that same principled leadership to our campaign, and to the office of the vice president.”

We look at Walz, a 60-year-old U.S. Army National Guard veteran, and his military career over the years.

More: Tim Walz is Kamala Harris' VP pick: Minnesota governor named running mate: Live updates

How long was Walz in the military?

Walz served in the military for 24 years, enlisting in the Nebraska National Guard at 17 in 1981 and then transferring to the Minnesota National Guard in 1996. He retired in 2005 to begin his successful run for the U.S. House, representing Minnesota as command sergeant major, among the highest ranks for enlisted soldiers. His battalion went on to deploy to Iraq shortly after Walz's retirement.

Walz specialized in heavy artillery and had proficiency ribbons in sharpshooting and hand grenades.

But during the 21 years that Walz spent working with large artillery pieces, he suffered hearing loss and tinnitus in both ears, Minnesota Public Radio reported. He was allowed to continue his service after undergoing surgery, which partially resolved his hearing loss.

Where did Walz serve, and what did he do in the National Guard?

During his service, Walz responded to natural disasters, including floods and tornadoes in Minnesota and Nebraska, and was deployed overseas for months at a time, according to MPR.

In 2003, he was sent to Italy, where he served with the European Security Force to support the war in Afghanistan. He was also stationed in Norway for joint training with other NATO militaries.

Walz told MPR that he reenlisted in the National Guard after the September 11 attacks but never saw active combat in his years in the military.

Stars and Stripes reported in 2020 that Walz credited his Army experience with helping him steer Minnesota through the COVID-19 pandemic as governor.

As governor of Minnesota, Walz is commander in chief of the 13,000-soldier Minnesota National Guard. “I’m certainly proud of my military service, but it’s one piece of me,” he told Minnesota Public Radio in 2018. “It doesn’t define me.”

Reuters and USA TODAY reporter Tom Vanden Brook contributed to this story.

Middle East Crisis Israeli Military at ‘Peak Readiness’ as U.S. Warns Iran Could Attack ‘This Week’

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Five world leaders have urged Iran not to attack.

The Israeli military was at “peak readiness” on Monday as it girded for an expected retaliatory attack from Iran and its regional proxies; the U.S. military was moving a guided-missile submarine into the region; and a White House spokesman said U.S. intelligence suggested that it was “increasingly likely” that the attack on Israel would come within days.

At the White House, John F. Kirby told reporters that U.S. intelligence agencies shared the Israeli view that the anticipated attack was something that “could happen as soon as this week.”

With tensions high, President Biden spoke with the leaders of Britain, France, Germany and Italy on Monday about efforts to de-escalate tensions and broker a cease-fire deal between Israel and Hamas, Mr. Kirby, the national security spokesman, said.

The European leaders and Mr. Biden then issued a joint statement expressing support for efforts to get Hamas and Israel to agree to a cease-fire and urging Iran to “stand down its ongoing threats of a military attack against Israel.” Iran has pledged to retaliate after the assassination of a top Hamas leader, Ismael Haniyeh, in Tehran on July 31, a killing it attributed to Israel. Israel has not claimed the attack.

The British prime minister, Keir Starmer, and the German chancellor, Olaf Scholz, both made calls to the newly elected president of Iran, Masoud Pezeshkian, urging him to avoid a military escalation, according to their offices.

Mr. Kirby noted that the United States expected discussions on a cease-fire to resume on Thursday — a date President Biden and the leaders of Egypt and Qatar set last week for talks on a “final” cease-fire proposal . Egypt and Qatar have been mediating the indirect talks between Israel and Hamas.

“We fully expect that to move forward, and they need to move forward,” Mr. Kirby said, though he conceded that if Iran attacked Israel in the intervening days, the discussions might have to be delayed.

The chief spokesman for the Israeli military, Daniel Hagari, said at a news conference clearly intended to reassure a jittery Israeli public that the country’s forces had increased patrols by warplanes over neighboring Lebanon — the base for Hezbollah — and had continued to strike targets there every day “to remove threats.”

“We are prepared at peak readiness in offense and defense, and we will act according to the directives of the government,” he said.

A Pentagon spokesman, Gen. Patrick Ryder, said on Sunday that the secretary of defense, Lloyd J. Austin III, had ordered a guided-missile submarine, the Georgia, to the Middle East . He noted that Mr. Austin had already ordered additional combat aircraft and missile-shooting warships to the region.

The Israeli military said in a statement that Herzi Halevi, the military’s chief of staff, had held a situational assessment on Monday with the head of the intelligence directorate and other military leaders, focusing on “the continuation of a high level of readiness and efforts to prepare for offense and defense.”

Michael D. Shear , Ephrat Livni and Eric Schmitt contributed reporting.

— James C. McKinley Jr.

Key Developments

At least 24 people were killed in Israeli strikes in southern Gaza, and other news.

Heavy Israeli strikes on Khan Younis in southern Gaza killed at least 24 people on Monday, according to the Palestinian Civil Defense. Tens of thousands of Palestinians have been forced to flee the area in recent days in response to fresh evacuation orders issued by the Israeli military. Israeli strikes around Gaza City, in the north, killed at least eight other people on Monday, the Civil Defense said.

The Israeli government’s credit rating took a hit on Monday, with the rating agency Fitch lowering Israel’s grade from an A+ to an A , citing the war in Gaza and the potential escalation of regional conflict. “The conflict in Gaza could last well into 2025 and there are risks of it broadening to other fronts,” Fitch said in a statement. “In addition to human losses, it could result in significant additional military spending, destruction of infrastructure and more sustained damage to economic activity and investment, leading to a further deterioration of Israel’s credit metrics.” S&P Global Ratings downgraded Israel in April following a similar move by Moody’s Investors Services in February.

The Israeli military on Monday raised the number of militants it claimed its forces killed on Saturday in a strike on a former Gaza school facility to 31, from 19, providing names and photos of combatants it says fell in the attack. The strike on the school compound on Saturday killed more than 100 Palestinians, according to health authorities in Gaza, who do not distinguish between civilians and fighters when describing casualties. The Israeli attack and the high death toll drew sharp condemnation in the international community.

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Netanyahu slams his defense minister for questioning the goal of ‘total victory’ in Gaza.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel blasted his defense minister, Yoav Gallant, on Monday after the Israeli news media reported that Mr. Gallant had disparaged the Israeli leader’s goal of “total victory” over Hamas, the armed Palestinian group Israel has been battling in Gaza.

The strongly worded statement from Mr. Netanyahu’s office was a reflection of a rift within Mr. Netanyahu’s right-wing government, and in Israel more broadly, over the prosecution of the war, now in its 11th month.

Ynet, a centrist Israeli news outlet, reported that Mr. Gallant had told members of the Israeli Parliament’s foreign affairs and defense committee on Monday that Mr. Netanyahu’s “total victory” slogan was “nonsense.” A member of the committee, who spoke on condition of anonymity to disclose details of the closed-door meeting, confirmed Mr. Gallant used the term.

“When Gallant adopts the anti-Israel narrative, he harms the chances of reaching a hostage release deal,” the prime minister’s office said. “Israel has only one choice: To achieve total victory, which means eliminating Hamas’s military and governing capabilities, and releasing our hostages. This victory will be achieved.”

Realizing that goal, Mr. Netanyahu’s office said, was the directive of the prime minister and the cabinet, which everyone in the government, including Mr. Gallant, must follow.

Mr. Gallant, in a post on social media on Monday, seemed to play down his differences with Mr. Netanyahu. “During a security briefing I gave today to the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee, I emphasized I was determined to achieve the war’s goals and continue fighting until Hamas is dismantled and the hostages are returned,” he said.

Pointedly, he also criticized whoever had leaked what happened in a closed-door meeting. “One of the main vulnerabilities revealed in the war, against which we must act with full force, are the incessant leaks from sensitive and classified meetings,” he said. Mr. Gallant stressed his career of public service and commitment to Israel’s security, noting that Israel was facing challenging days ahead.

Firing Mr. Gallant was not on the agenda for Mr. Netanyahu, according to a second Israeli official, who spoke on condition of anonymity and was not authorized to communicate with reporters. Mr. Netanyahu could still oust Mr. Gallant from his role at a later date, if he decides to take such action.

The rift comes during a critical week in the conflict, when Israel is bracing for an expected retaliation from Iran and its ally Hezbollah in Lebanon, even as intense diplomatic efforts are underway to hammer out a cease-fire in the Gaza conflict and avert a wider war.

For months, Mr. Netanyahu has said that he was committed to dismantling Hamas’s military and government, and to freeing Israeli hostages. But senior members of the Israeli security establishment have argued that the two goals can’t be achieved simultaneously. Many security officials have argued that a cease-fire agreement with Hamas is the only way to bring the roughly 115 dead and living hostages home.

Hamas has consistently said any cease-fire agreement should include an end to the war and a full withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza. Mr. Netanyahu has suggested he would only be open to a temporary pause in the war of several weeks.

Mr. Gallant, a member of Mr. Netanyahu’s Likud party, has frequently been at odds with the prime minister, clashing with him over legislation seeking the overhaul of the Israeli judiciary, proposals for the future administration of Gaza, and the cease-fire talks.

After more centrist politicians left Mr. Netanyahu’s government in June, many political analysts said Mr. Gallant, who was a senior general in the military, became the main voice of moderation within the government’s decision-making circles.

Johnatan Reiss contributed reporting to this article.

— Adam Rasgon reporting from Jerusalem

The U.S. and Arab mediators prepare to present a ‘final’ proposal for a cease-fire in Gaza.

The Middle East entered a high-wire week of risk and opportunity on Monday, suspended between the prospect of a broadening conflict and intensive diplomatic efforts to prevent one.

Nearly two weeks after the back-to-back assassinations of a senior Hezbollah commander in Beirut and a Hamas leader in Tehran, Israel remained on high alert for possible retaliatory strikes by the Lebanese Hezbollah militia and its patron, Iran.

At the same time, the Biden administration and Arab mediators have called for a high-level meeting on Thursday to try to advance a deal for a cease-fire in the war in Gaza that could help stave off the danger of escalating tit-for-tat strikes setting off a bigger regional conflagration.

President Biden and the leaders of the other mediating countries, Egypt and Qatar, said last week that they were prepared to present a “final” proposal to end the war, and they called on Israel and Hamas to return to the negotiating table after weeks of an impasse in talks.

In a joint statement , Mr. Biden, along with President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi of Egypt and Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani of Qatar, declared that “the time has come” to conclude the deal for a cease-fire and the release of hostages abducted to Gaza in exchange for Palestinian prisoners and detainees held by Israel.

Israel will send its negotiating team to the meeting, which is expected to take place in Cairo or Doha, Qatar, “in order to finalize the details of the implementation of the framework agreement,” according to a statement from the office of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

But with gaps on substantive issues remaining — and Mr. Netanyahu and Hamas officials trading blame for the failure to close them — there was little expectation that a deal could be concluded at Thursday’s meeting. It was unclear to what extent Hamas was willing to engage in the talks. In a statement on Sunday, the group said it objected to “more rounds of negotiations” and the introduction of any new proposals or conditions.

Major sticking points include Mr. Netanyahu’s demand for a mechanism to block armed militants from moving back into northern Gaza, though Israel left the wording vague and has not specified what kind of mechanism; and the lack of any agreement so far over which hostages and which Palestinian prisoners would be released in the first phase of the deal.

Against this backdrop, Israel was pressing ahead with its offensive in Gaza despite sharp international condemnation for a deadly strike on Saturday on a school compound where displaced Palestinians were sheltering.

The Israeli military issued a new evacuation order on Sunday for a neighborhood on the edge of a humanitarian zone, saying it was about to operate against armed groups in the area. It also said that its air force had struck about 30 Hamas targets throughout the Gaza Strip over the previous 24 hours, including military structures, an anti-tank missile launch post and weapons storage facilities.

Officials in Gaza said over the weekend that dozens of people had been killed in Israel’s strike on the school compound. The Israeli military disputed that account and defended the strike, saying it had carried out a precise operation and eliminated at least 19 militants who were using the compound as a command center.

The authorities in Gaza do not distinguish between combatants and civilians in reporting death tolls. In statements over the weekend, Hamas said that all those killed were civilians. None of the claims could be independently verified.

Israel’s political and military leaders have argued that it is essential to keep up the military pressure on Hamas, to force it to come to terms on a cease-fire deal.

Still, there was a sense of foreboding in Israel, which was preparing to observe the Jewish fast of Tisha B’Av, commemorating historic disasters that have befallen the Jewish people.

For the annual day of mourning, which starts at sunset on Monday and lasts through Tuesday, some rabbis have composed special prayers to mark the Hamas-led assault on southern Israel on Oct. 7, which prompted the war in Gaza.

The fast, traditionally marking the destruction of two ancient Jewish temples in Jerusalem, could also stoke tensions around a contested holy site in the city that is revered by Muslims as the Aqsa Mosque and by Jews as the site of the temples.

— Isabel Kershner reporting from Jerusalem