middle school research paper outline pdf

Research Paper Outline Template

The most daunting part of writing a research paper is staring at a blank page and wondering where to start. A research paper outline helps you structure all the contents of your paper so you can get started, remain organized, and not leave anything out. Typically, writers create an outline before they write their first draft and after they come up with a thesis and find a research source. This article reviews how to use and format a Research Paper Outline Template to help you write a comprehensive research paper.

A research paper outline is a writing tool that highlights all the topics of a research paper in the order in which they will appear in the final document. The topics are divided into paragraphs and accompanied by additional details, such as research sources and subtopics. Essentially, the outline helps the writer organize their paper so that it makes sense and answers the thesis question. It is a more efficient tool for making structural changes than the first draft because it allows you to cut out unnecessary parts before you even write about them and add those that work for your paper.

What Is a Research Paper Outline Template?

A research paper outline template is a precontrived guideline that helps you create an outline for your paper. It is divided into the necessary sections and paragraphs with enough space for you to fill in the contents of your outline. Simply put, it is a document containing the prerequisite outline format that prevents you from writing your outline from scratch.

Are there Different Types of Research Paper Outlines?

Yes. There are several types of research paper outlines, but the following three are the most popular. Your choice of an outline format will depend on the type of paper you are writing, your writing style, the team you are working with, and more. Here is a look at your options:

• Alphanumeric Outline. The alphanumeric outline format is the most popular research paper outline. It uses Roman numerals to list the topics of a paper, capital letters for the subtopics, Arabic numerals for the points in each subtopic, and lowercase letters for subsequent sections. In this format, the information is presented in short phrases, not complete sentences.
• Decimal Outline. The decimal format is the most comprehensive research paper outline and is more common for long papers with technical aspects. It lists items using numbers with increasing decimal points. Usually, the main topics are whole numbers (1, 2, 1.0, 2.0), while the subtopics contain one decimal point (1.1, 2.1). Subsequent sections have more decimal points (1.1.1 2.1.2). Like in the alphanumeric format, the information is written in phrases or blurbs.
• Full-Sentence Outline. As the name suggests, this format presents information in complete sentences instead of short phrases. It provides a clearer way of sharing information and is more common when a group is writing a paper. In every other way, it is similar to the alphanumeric format.

Why Is Research Paper Outline Necessary?

A research paper outline lays out all the aspects of a paper that you need to explore to prove your thesis. It tells you what ideas you need to brainstorm and develop to reach a conclusion. Consequently, an outline helps you organize your thoughts so you can create the proper research protocols and achieve the intended results of your paper. It connects all your ideas to create a flow of information. This then creates a smooth transition from one point to the next, ensuring you do not leave anything out. Moreover, it helps the reader navigate and understand your research.

Essential Elements of a Research Paper Outline Template

The assignment requirements for your research paper will usually determine its content. However, research paper outlines are organized in the IMRAD format, which means they begin with an introduction followed by Methods, Results, and Discussion. These sections should be preceded by a title page and an abstract, which is a summary of the entire paper. The other sections are:

• Introduction: This brief background statement sets up the paper’s hypothesis and the research’s approach and context. It should contain the problem statement.
• Methods: Also called Experiments or Materials and Methods, this section outlines all the research methods used to write the paper.
• Results: The results part of the outline usually contains statistics and tables that summarize the findings of the research.
• Discussion: Here, the writer puts the research into perspective and supports their hypothesis in one or two paragraphs elaborating how their findings fit in the grand scheme of things.
• Acknowledgments: This is where you mention all the people or sources that helped you write your research paper.

Things to Consider When Outlining a Research Paper

What you include in your research paper outline and how you write it will ultimately depend on several factors. The type of paper you are writing can influence which format you choose. For instance, an outline for every paragraph makes sense if you are writing a formal research paper but might be excessive for a college paper. Here are some factors to consider when outlining your paper:

• The Assignment. What is the assignment? How complex is it? How long should it be? Before you start outlining your paper, you should consider what it requires. A simple research paper will do with a simple outline, while a more advanced thesis may require something more complex, such as the decimal outline format.
• Thesis and Sources. Speaking of the thesis, you should always choose one and find evidential sources for it before creating an outline. The thesis of your paper is basically what the paper is about. You should collect enough data to determine what your paper should say.
• The Topics. Next, you should review your research material and create topics, subtopics, and supporting points that relate to your thesis. Make sure every section is directly related to the thesis and is not tangential.
• The Structure and Sequence. Finally, consider how you want the topics to follow each other. You need to find a sequence that allows you to present your argument and the reader to understand it. If a reader is unfamiliar with a topic, what do they need to know before they move on to the next section?

Final Thoughts

Writing a research paper outline can seem like extra and unnecessary work, but it can save you a lot of time in the long run. The document breaks down all your ideas in their intended order, allowing you to organize your paper properly. But if writing one from scratch seems like a hassle, and it can be, you can always use a Research Paper Outline Template as a guide.

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• Research paper

How to Create a Structured Research Paper Outline | Example

Published on August 7, 2022 by Courtney Gahan . Revised on August 15, 2023.

A research paper outline is a useful tool to aid in the writing process , providing a structure to follow with all information to be included in the paper clearly organized.

A quality outline can make writing your research paper more efficient by helping to:

• Organize your thoughts
• Understand the flow of information and how ideas are related
• Ensure nothing is forgotten

A research paper outline can also give your teacher an early idea of the final product.

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Table of contents

Research paper outline example, how to write a research paper outline, formatting your research paper outline, language in research paper outlines.

• Definition of measles
• Rise in cases in recent years in places the disease was previously eliminated or had very low rates of infection
• Figures: Number of cases per year on average, number in recent years. Relate to immunization
• Symptoms and timeframes of disease
• Risk of fatality, including statistics
• How measles is spread
• Immunization procedures in different regions
• Different regions, focusing on the arguments from those against immunization
• Immunization figures in affected regions
• High number of cases in non-immunizing regions
• Illnesses that can result from measles virus
• Fatal cases of other illnesses after patient contracted measles
• Summary of arguments of different groups
• Summary of figures and relationship with recent immunization debate
• Which side of the argument appears to be correct?

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Follow these steps to start your research paper outline:

• Decide on the subject of the paper
• Write down all the ideas you want to include or discuss
• Organize related ideas into sub-groups
• Arrange your ideas into a hierarchy: What should the reader learn first? What is most important? Which idea will help end your paper most effectively?
• Create headings and subheadings that are effective
• Format the outline in either alphanumeric, full-sentence or decimal format

There are three different kinds of research paper outline: alphanumeric, full-sentence and decimal outlines. The differences relate to formatting and style of writing.

• Alphanumeric
• Full-sentence

An alphanumeric outline is most commonly used. It uses Roman numerals, capitalized letters, arabic numerals, lowercase letters to organize the flow of information. Text is written with short notes rather than full sentences.

• Sub-point of sub-point 1

Essentially the same as the alphanumeric outline, but with the text written in full sentences rather than short points.

• Additional sub-point to conclude discussion of point of evidence introduced in point A

A decimal outline is similar in format to the alphanumeric outline, but with a different numbering system: 1, 1.1, 1.2, etc. Text is written as short notes rather than full sentences.

• 1.1.1 Sub-point of first point
• 1.1.2 Sub-point of first point
• 1.2 Second point

To write an effective research paper outline, it is important to pay attention to language. This is especially important if it is one you will show to your teacher or be assessed on.

There are four main considerations: parallelism, coordination, subordination and division.

Parallelism: Be consistent with grammatical form

Parallel structure or parallelism is the repetition of a particular grammatical form within a sentence, or in this case, between points and sub-points. This simply means that if the first point is a verb , the sub-point should also be a verb.

Example of parallelism:

• Include different regions, focusing on the different arguments from those against immunization

Coordination: Be aware of each point’s weight

Your chosen subheadings should hold the same significance as each other, as should all first sub-points, secondary sub-points, and so on.

Example of coordination:

• Include immunization figures in affected regions
• Illnesses that can result from the measles virus

Subordination: Work from general to specific

Subordination refers to the separation of general points from specific. Your main headings should be quite general, and each level of sub-point should become more specific.

Example of subordination:

Division: break information into sub-points.

Your headings should be divided into two or more subsections. There is no limit to how many subsections you can include under each heading, but keep in mind that the information will be structured into a paragraph during the writing stage, so you should not go overboard with the number of sub-points.

Ready to start writing or looking for guidance on a different step in the process? Read our step-by-step guide on how to write a research paper .

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Education Research Step-by-Step

• 4b. Outline your paper
• 1a. Develop a Topic
• 1b. Develop Research Questions
• 1c. Identify keywords
• 1d. Finding Background Information
• 1e. Refine your topic
• 2a. Finding books
• 2b. Finding articles
• 2c. Search strategy builder
• 3a. Questions for evaluating
• 3b. Primary vs. secondary
• 3c. Types of periodicals
• 4a. Taking notes
• Student-created videos
• Teacher Education Library Subject & Class Guides This link opens in a new window

Why outline?

            For research papers, a formal outline can help you keep track of large amounts of information.

Outlining in Microsoft Word

How to create an outline

To create an outline:

• Place your thesis statement at the beginning.
• List the major points that support your thesis. Label them in Roman Numerals (I, II, III, etc.).
• List supporting ideas or arguments for each major point. Label them in capital letters (A, B, C, etc.).
• If applicable, continue to sub-divide each supporting idea until your outline is fully developed. Label them 1, 2, 3, etc., and then a, b, c, etc.

How to write a college paper

• << Previous: 4a. Taking notes
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• Last Updated: Jun 12, 2024 10:56 AM
• URL: https://libguides.shc.edu/edresearch

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Outline Templates

Research Paper Outline Template – 35+ Examples and Formats

When writing a research paper, no step is more important than the outline. A research paper outline template is a simple tool to set up, and to utilize. The research paper outline helps to clarify the subject of the research paper, guide the subject matter to stay on course, and helps to start the writing of the actual research paper. Any writing project is most difficult in the beginning phase when the writer is staring at a blank screen or paper. The blank outline template skips the blank screen effect, and its consequential writer’s block hurdle.

Every research paper outline template has three major components; the introduction where the thesis statement is made; the main body, or work where research is conducted, and main points are addressed and supported; and the conclusion where the thesis and research are brought to a main point.

Here are research paper outline formats, examples and samples to help you.

Research Paper Outline Template for Word

Free Download

Mla Research Paper Outline Template

Apa Research Paper Outline Template

Action Research Paper Outline Template for Word Doc

Example Action Research Paper Outline

Research Paper Outline Template for PDF

Research Paper Report Outline Template

Research Paper Outline MLA Format

Apa Research Paper Outline Template for PDF

Blank Research Paper Outline Template

Blank Research Paper Outline Format

Blank Outline Template for Research Paper

General Research Paper Outline Template

Research Paper Outline Example

Research Paper Outline Sample

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Research Paper Outline Template for Kids

Research Paper Outline Template (College)

Research Paper Outline Template (High School)

Research Paper Outline Template (Middle School)

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Informative Research Paper Outline Template

Psychology Research Paper Outline Template

Thesis Research Paper Outline Template

Sample Research Paper Outline Template

Sample Research Paper Outline

Detailed Research Paper Outline

Research Paper Proposal Outline for PDF

How to Write Research Paper Outline (Guide)

Tips for writing a research paper outline

• The outline fills in the blanks- When completing a research paper outline, use it to check for any major fundamental errors in the thesis, or research. The outline will provide broad guidelines to help prevent diversion into less important content.
• It’s not as hard as it seems- The task of completing a research paper outline doesn’t need to be a daunting or lengthy task. This outline can begin by just laying out general ideas.
• A clear understanding is helpful- Any research paper or outline is much easier to complete when the writer has a clear understanding of the material.

MLA vs. APA Outline Format

When writing a research paper, there are two major formats for doing so: The MLA and the APA. The outline template MLA format is the Modern Language Association’s set of standards for essay outline formats and research papers. This format is more often required by English or History professors and teachers. The APA is the writing style standard established by the American Psychological Association. The APA writing style is also used in academia, but more often in Sciences, and Psychology.

No matter the style of your research paper, a research outline format is too important to skip. It focuses the writer, and organizes the material.

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Advancing middle grade research on critical pedagogy: research synthesis.

1. Introduction

2. materials and methods, 2.1. scope of the literature review.

• How do teachers across content areas use and promote critical and culturally responsive teaching practices?
• What strategies and classroom practices do teachers implement that examine and challenge power relations and center culturally and linguistically diverse students?
• What is the impact of classroom implementation of critical pedagogies on young adolescent learning?
• How do educators and researchers expand the concept of critical pedagogies to include antiracist and anticolonial teaching practices for action?

2.2. Study Selection

• Critical pedagogies AND middle school or junior high or 6th, 7th, and 8th grades, AND teaching strategies or teaching methods or teaching approaches or classroom techniques;
• Antiracist teaching AND middle school or junior high or 6th, 7th, and 8th grades;
• Antiracism or anti-racism or antiracist or antiracist AND middle school or junior high or 6th, 7th, and 8th grades AND education or school or learning or teaching or classroom or education system (later added AND education to further narrow results);
• Culturally responsive teaching or culturally relevant pedagogy or culturally responsive instruction or culturally inclusive AND middle school or junior high or 6th, 7th, and 8th grades or young adolescents;
• Anticolonial or anti-colonial or decolonial AND middle school or junior high or 6th, 7th, and 8th grades or young adolescents AND education or school or learning or teaching or classroom or education system;
• Critical literacy or social justice AND teaching strategies or teaching methods or teaching approaches or classroom techniques AND middle school or junior high or 6th or 7th or 8th.

3.1. Diverse Instructional Practices

3.2. culturally responsive pedagogies, 3.3. decolonial and antiracist strategies, 4. discussion, 5. conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

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Share and Cite

Walker, A.; Yoon, B.; Pankowski, J. Advancing Middle Grade Research on Critical Pedagogy: Research Synthesis. Educ. Sci. 2024 , 14 , 997. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090997

Walker A, Yoon B, Pankowski J. Advancing Middle Grade Research on Critical Pedagogy: Research Synthesis. Education Sciences . 2024; 14(9):997. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090997

Walker, Amy, Bogum Yoon, and Jennifer Pankowski. 2024. "Advancing Middle Grade Research on Critical Pedagogy: Research Synthesis" Education Sciences 14, no. 9: 997. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090997

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