health research ethics board

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Board of Record Agreement

As of August 1, 2019, investigators submitting to any of the Health Research Ethics Board of Alberta (HREBA) committees will be required to have an official agreement appointing HREBA as their Board of Record. For investigators conducting research in Alberta through private practice, other community-based organizations (both for and not-for profit), or Universities outside of Alberta, a signed Board of Record Agreement will be required before approval certificates will be released. Click the title above for more information.

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2024 committee meeting dates.

The 2024 meeting dates and deadlines have been posted for all committees. Note that changes to dates and/or deadlines are denoted in red.

HREBA’s Three Committees

The three committees of HREBA work together as one board. For a full list of all HREBA members, please click

Cancer Committee »

The HREBA-CC provides ethical review and oversight for all cancer and cancer-related research involving humans (1,2).

Clinical Trials Committee »

The HREBA-CTC provides ethical review and oversight of clinical trials involving humans (1,2), with the exception of cancer, conducted by community-based/private practice physicians or other qualified healthcare professionals.

Community Health Committee »

The HREBA-CHC provides ethical review and oversight of research involving humans (1,2), with the exception of cancer and clinical trials, conducted by community-based investigators and/or organizations (both for and not-for profit). The committee also provides ethical review for non-research projects (e.g. quality improvement, program evaluation) that are of higher risk, involve vulnerable populations, or areas of sensitivity.

(1) Research involving humans includes both adult and pediatric populations, their information and/or samples.

(2) This includes both research that involves or does not involve health information as defined by the Alberta Health Information Act (HIA).

The Institutional Research Information Services Solution

HREBA’s three committees manage all ethics submissions and reviews through the IRISS on-line platform.

If you are already familiar with the committee that you need to submit your ethics applications through, start by registering on IRISS.   Once you have registered you may submit your ethics application online.  If you have questions, contact [email protected]

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Indigenous Land Acknowledgement

We acknowledge the many First Nations, Métis and Inuit who have lived in and cared for these lands for generations and whose presence continues to enrich our community. We are grateful for the traditional Knowledge Keepers and Elders who are still with us today and those who have gone before us. HREBA respectfully acknowledges that we are situated on traditional territory of the Treaty 6, Treaty 7, and Treaty 8 First Nations*; home to Métis Settlements, the Métis Nation of Alberta, and Regions 2, 3 and 4 within the historical Northwest Métis Homeland. We respect the histories, languages, and cultures of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit whose presence continues to enrich our vibrant community. We see value in gathering as community and are reminded of the responsibility we have to one another.

*Specific Treaty 6, 7, and 8, First Nations are: the Blackfoot Confederacy – Kainai, Piikani, and Siksika – the Cree, Dene, Saulteaux, Nakota Sioux, Stoney Nakoda, and the Tsuu T’ina Nation.

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Research ethics board approval: What, why, when, how?

At the BC Medical Journal , we often receive submissions from clinicians who want to share their findings, but they aren’t sure how to approach the subject of research ethics. Here is a brief summary for our readers and prospective authors.

What is a research ethics board?

Research ethics boards (REBs) are “autonomous entities whose primary responsibility is to protect the rights and welfare of human participants taking part in research.”[ 1 ] They can also help to ensure that research is of high quality and is clinically important.[ 2 ] The University of British Columbia has several such boards, including Children’s and Women’s, BC Cancer, Providence Health Care, and the UBC Clinical Research Ethics Board. These committees are composed of individuals from varied backgrounds such as physicians, scientists, researchers, ethicists, and community members. There are also private for-profit ethics boards, which adhere to the same principles and are selected by some researchers for expediency or if the researchers are not affiliated with a university.

Why is research ethics approval necessary?

Involuntary studies on human subjects in the past have had horrendous consequences. The Nuremberg trials exposed the “scientific” evils of the Nazi regime and resulted in the creation of the Nuremberg Code in 1947.[ 3 ] Unfortunately, around the world, including in North America, there were many subsequent occurrences of atrocities committed in the name of research. The World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (1964, last updated 2013) was created to further address the ethics and safety of human research and its application to special populations.[ 4 ]

Today, the standards for research involving humans adhere to the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2 2018), which is a product of Canada’s three federal research agencies.[ 5 ] Applications to UBC’s REBs require all team members to have completed a tutorial on the Tri-Council Policy Statement.[ 6 ] The key principle is informed consent, where research participants are fully informed about the potential risks and benefits of the study.

When does a study need research ethics board approval?

In Canada, any research study involving human participants, human tissue, or human data requires research ethics board approval before commencement. If you are undertaking a quality improvement project, it does not require REB oversight. However, it is important to note that REBs cannot review research that has already been done; if there is any doubt about your project constituting research, it is best to consider the intention of the project before beginning. A sorting tool, available on the PHSA website, can be a helpful first step ( https://rc.bcchr.ca/redcap/surveys/?s=HNWAAKFF97 ). If research ethics appear to be required or you are uncertain, contact your local REB.

At the BCMJ , we also receive submissions of quality improvement projects that have been written up for publication. For example, a medical student was supervised by an attending physician to perform a review of treatment times for different diagnoses in the emergency department. This study represents a retrospective chart review, which involved collecting patient data, de-identifying the information, and analyzing the results. Depending on the nature and specifics of the project, the BCMJ may ask the principal investigator to seek confirmation from a local REB that the project was, in fact, quality improvement and, therefore, did not require REB oversight. If the research would have required REB approval, it cannot be granted retrospectively; therefore, the submission would not be accepted for publication.

How can researchers obtain ethics approval?

Research ethics boards have a standardized application process. UBC uses an online platform called Research Information Systems (RISe) to track applications, amendments, and annual renewals. Ethics boards generally allow for two levels of review depending on the type of study: delegated review (subcommittee review of studies deemed minimal risk) and full review (anything beyond minimal risk). The timeline for review and approval can vary due to committee schedules and the number of revisions required, but it may take anywhere from days to months. Researchers affiliated with UBC can get started at www.rise.ubc.ca/guidance-notes-and-tutorials .

Acknowledgments

Dr Dunne would like to thank Ms Jennie Prasad and Dr Marc Levine of the BC Women’s and Children’s Hospital Research Ethics Board for their editorial input on this article. —Caitlin Dunne, MD, FRCSC

1.    UBC Office of Research Ethics. UBC clinical research ethics general guidance notes. Accessed 22 March 2021. https://ethics.research.ubc.ca/ore/ubc-clinical-research-ethics-general-guidance-notes#A1 .

2.    Hyer CF. What is an IRB, why do we need it, and what is a private IRB? Foot Ankle Spec 2010;3:91-94.

3.    Shuster E. Fifty years later: The significance of the Nuremberg Code. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1436-1440.

4.    World Medical Association. World Medical Association declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA 2013;310:2191-2194.

5.    Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. Tri-Council policy statement ethical conduct for research involving humans. 2018. Accessed 21 March 2021. https://ethics.gc.ca/eng/documents/tcps2-2018-en-interactive-final.pdf .

6.    Panel on Research Ethics. TPS2: CORE – tutorial. Accessed 21 March 2021. http://tcps2core.ca/welcome .

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• CREATE CITATION

Caitlin Dunne, MD, FRCSC. Research ethics board approval: What, why, when, how?. BCMJ, Vol. 63, No. 4, May, 2021, Page(s) 149 - Editorials .

Above is the information needed to cite this article in your paper or presentation. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommends the following citation style, which is the now nearly universally accepted citation style for scientific papers: Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL, Marion DW, Palmer AM, Schiding JK, et al. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:284-7.

About the ICMJE and citation styles

The ICMJE is small group of editors of general medical journals who first met informally in Vancouver, British Columbia, in 1978 to establish guidelines for the format of manuscripts submitted to their journals. The group became known as the Vancouver Group. Its requirements for manuscripts, including formats for bibliographic references developed by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), were first published in 1979. The Vancouver Group expanded and evolved into the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), which meets annually. The ICMJE created the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals to help authors and editors create and distribute accurate, clear, easily accessible reports of biomedical studies.

An alternate version of ICMJE style is to additionally list the month an issue number, but since most journals use continuous pagination, the shorter form provides sufficient information to locate the reference. The NLM now lists all authors.

BCMJ standard citation style is a slight modification of the ICMJE/NLM style, as follows:

• Only the first three authors are listed, followed by "et al."
• There is no period after the journal name.
• Page numbers are not abbreviated.

For more information on the ICMJE Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals, visit www.icmje.org

BCMJ Guidelines for Authors

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Unity Health eREB Launched – Mandatory for New Study Submissions; Migrations Underway for Existing Studies

The Unity Health eREB is now mandatory for new study submissions . For information on creating an account and logging in, please see the eREB page .

The migration process for existing studies is underway.  Once your study has been migrated, all post-approval submissions (amendments, renewals, etc.) must be submitted via the eREB.

Studies that are not yet migrated should continue to submit post-approval submissions (amendments, renewals, etc.) to the REB inbox using the current forms.

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• February 2024: Began hosting Virtual Office Hours .

REMINDER: The Research Ethics Office is not accepting hard copy submissions. Submissions for pre-eREB studies that have not yet been migrated should sent to the REB Inbox ( [email protected] ). Send only one form (with related attachments) per email. All communications to the REB Inbox should be sent by the PI or by a research team member with the PI cc’d.

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Research Ethics Boards

All human research conducted by members of Island Health, or involving Island Health facilities, patients, residents, clients, staff, physicians, current data holdings or other resources, requires ethical approval as part of the Institutional Approval process.

Research Ethics Boards (REBs) are independent committees authorized to review the ethical acceptability of research and to approve, reject, propose modifications to, or terminate any proposed or ongoing research involving human participants. 

Island Health’s REBs are independent in their decision-making, and they are required to operate free of inappropriate influence, including situations of real, potential or perceived conflict of interest. Island Health may not override REB decisions concerning the ethical acceptability of a study.

There are two REBs providing review services for Island Health in accordance with the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS 2), the International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice Guidelines (ICH-GCP) and the requirements of the US Department of Health and Human Services, as set out in the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects, 45CFR Part 46, sub-part A. 

Research taking place in additional locations in British Columbia may be eligible for harmonized ethical review . Applications for multi-jurisdictional research will no longer be accepted in any other format than PREP applications on RISe.

Determine your REB

Submit your ethics application to the appropriate Island Health REB.

The CREB reviews research that involves surgery, clinical interventions (the administration or testing of drugs, medical devices, medical imaging or diagnostic techniques, and the taking of blood or other specimens), and the analysis of clinical data. The CREB will also review clinical studies involving registries and/or the linkage of databases.

New research applications for CREB consideration will generally require review at a full board meeting. The deadlines for full board review are listed below. Please note that all electronic submissions are deemed received when they have been acknowledged by the Research Ethics & Compliance Office as fully complete and ready for review.  

CREB Meetings and Deadlines Fees Federal Wide Assurance (FWA)

The HREB reviews research that is predominantly behavioural or social sciences related. Studies may involve the study of patients or healthcare providers and retrospective chart reviews. Studies also may involve interviews, focus groups, observations, the administration of questionnaires or tests, or retrospective chart review (where no clinical interventions are performed as part of the study). 

Minimal risk studies submitted to the HREB are sent for review as they are received. No meeting dates or deadlines apply. Above minimal risk studies are reviewed at the next scheduled HREB meeting. Researchers will be contacted if this is necessary. The deadlines for full board review are listed below. All electronic submissions are deemed received when they have been acknowledged by the Research Ethics & Compliance office as fully complete and ready for review.  

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Philippine National Health Research System (PNHRS)

In 2005, the terms of reference of the different agencies participating in the PNHRS were consolidated into the PNHRS bill that was finally enacted into law in 2013 after 9 years of lobbying. The hard work involved in campaigning at the Philippine Congress to pass the bill into law should be properly credited to PCHRD led by Dr. Jaime C. Montoya, its Executive Director.

The Philippine National Health Research System Act of 2013 (RA 10532) institutionalized the memorandum of understanding among the DOST, DOH, CHED and UP Manila to work towards “improving the health status,, productivity and quality of life of Filipinos by (a) ensuring that health research is linked to the health system needs; (b) ensuring that investments in health research yield the most benefit; (c) promoting good governance among health research organizations through efficient, effective, transparent and ethical health research management system ; (d) engaging in national and international partnerships and networks for health research development and (e) ensuring sustainability of resources for health research.” It was generally assumed that research ethics was embedded in objectives (a), (b) and (c).

Philippine Health Research Ethics Board (PHREB)

The more explicit provision that referred to research ethics was in Section 12 of the law that adopted the DOST Special Order No. 091 s 2006 that created the Philippine Health Research Ethics Board (PHREB) to “ensure adherence to the universal principles for the protection of human participants in research” and shall, among other things:

• Formulate/update guidelines for the ethical conduct of human health research;
• Develop guidelines for the establishment and management of ethics review committees and standardization of research ethics review;
• Monitor and evaluate the performance of institutional ethics review committees in accordance with procedures outlined in a prior agreement;
• Promote the establishment of functional and effective ethics review committees;
• Provide advice and make recommendations to the PNHRS Governing Council and other appropriate entities (including the Food and Drugs Administration[FDA]) regarding programs, policies, and regulations as they relate to ethical issues in human health research;
• Initiate and contribute to discourse and discussions of ethical issues in human health research; and
• Network with relevant local, national and international organizations.

Philippine Structural Framework for

Human Protection for Health Research

NATIONAL GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE FOR ETHICS REVIEW

The  Philippine  Health  Research  Ethics  Board  (PHREB)  has  12 members, including three ex-officio members, namely, the Department of Science and Technology (DOST ) —PCHRD Executive Director, Commission on Higher Education (CHED) representative and the Department of Health (DOH) representative. Except for the ex-officio members, appointments shall be for a term of three years for the Chair and Co-Chair, and all other members shall have a term for two years. The members represent a  balance  of  background,  gender  and  disciplines  (e.g.,  health  research, philosophy, law,  academe ,  medicine,  public health/epidemiology, theology, social science and allied health sciences). There are also those who are from people’s organizations and the youth sector. 

Below is the composition of PHREB for the year 2023 to 2026.  

Administrative Order 001 Series of 2008 Registration of all Ethics Review Committees at the Philippine Health Research Ethics Board Administrative Order 001 Series of 2007 Requirement for Review of all health researches involving human subjects/participants 

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Health Research Ethics Authority

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Health Research Ethics Board

The HREB is appointed by the HREA to conduct research ethics reviews in the province. The HREA has registered its HREB with the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) for Federal wide Assurance (FWA) purposes. In Newfoundland and Labrador, if your institution or organization has an OHRP – approved FWA, then you must designate the HREB as an affiliated external HREB.

The identification information for the HREB is: IRB00011348 – Health Research Ethics Authority. This registration is listed on the OHRP website .

Membership of the HREB  ( PDF )

Content experts.

Fabien Basset

Debra Bergstrom (Chairperson)

Emily Bonnell

Renee Crossman

Peter Daley (Chairperson)

Georgia Darmonkow

Sheila Drover

Christopher Earle

Sulaimon Giwa

Diana Gustafson

Kathy Hodgkinson

Jo-Anna Hudson

Joy Maddigan (Chairperson)

Kimberley Manning

Robert Mercer (Chairperson)

Naomi Mifflen-Anderson

Shree Mulay

Darren O’Rielly

Natasha Pardy

Archna Shah

Nicole Snow

Valerie Whittle

Terry-Lynn Young

Community Representatives

Lisa Charlong-Norris

Gerard McDonald

LeeAnn Montgomery

Mark Ploughman

Caroline O’Keefe

Timothy Brennan

Fern Brunger (Chairperson)

Chris Kaposy

Daryl Pullman

Legal Representatives

Allison Conway

Annette Conway

Jane Crosbie

Leah Gruchy

John O’Dea

Natalie Payne

HREB Terms of Reference

Hreb 2020 – 2021 annual report, members of the hrea appeal panel ( pdf ).

Last modified: February 7, 2024

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Research Ethics Board (REB)

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The purpose of a Research Ethics Board (REB) is to ensure that research studies are ethical and that the rights, welfare and dignity of study participants are protected.  As of September 2015, the REB has approved over 760 studies. The REB reports to the Board of Trustees of Lakeridge Health. 

Membership of the REB includes people with knowledge of:

• Ethics, privacy and legal matters;
• Expertise in the relevant fields and methodologies, including doctors, nurses pharmacists, paramedics and managers;
• Statistics; and

The REB meets 10 times per year. View submission and meeting dates.

If you would like more information about the Lakeridge Health REB, or if you have questions, please contact:

Lori-Ann Larmand Research Liaison/REB Coordinator

Lakeridge Health G-Wing, B1, Room 118 1 Hospital Court Oshawa, ON L1G 2B9

Tel: 905-576-8711 ext. 32745 Email: Lori-Ann Larmand,  [email protected]

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Leading Practices

Horizon health network research ethics board.

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Horizon Health Network/Réseau de santé Horizon

Ethics, Client Rights and Consent

Health Systems

Type of Practice

Archived (2+ year)

New Brunswick

[email protected]

The Horizon Health Network Research Ethics Board (Horizon REB) is one of the most efficient, requiring on average only 40 days for a full board review, and 10 days for expedited reviews from submission to decision. Horizon Health Network is the only institution in Canada to employ a full-time REB Chair. The REB ensures all research conducted throughout the region or by researchers affiliated in any way with Horizon Health Network conforms with the highest scientific and ethical standards prior to the initiation of the research. It also ensures that safeguards are in place to provide the greatest protection to patients and members of the community who serve as research participants. It currently oversees over 300 active research projects involving over 1,700 participants.

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Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board

The Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board (CHREB) reviews applications from Researchers affiliated with the Faculties of:

• Kinesiology

New applications to the CHREB are created and submitted online using  IRISS . There are no paper application forms.

Information About Abuse

The Research Ethics Boards and staff at the University of Calgary are service providers working hard to facilitate your research.

Consistent with the University of Calgary's Code of Conduct, it is expected that all communications between principal investigators, research teams, research ethics unit staff and research ethics board members is professional and respectful.

Abuse will not be tolerated.

I'm looking for:

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[email protected]  | 403-220-2297 

Submission Timelines

The CHREB meets on the first and third Thursdays of every month. There are no submission deadlines.

Applications are reviewed continuously throughout the year and are reviewed in the order that they are submitted. 

2024 Meeting Schedule

Multi-site Research

Researchers conducting multi-site research in Alberta, can now submit using the streamlined  REB Exchange  (REBX) process within IRISS.

Resources and user guides are available on the REBX website.

Visit:  rebexchange.ca

Administrative Fee

The Research Services Office (RSO) charges a $5,000.00 CAD fee for the Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board (CHREB) review of research studies funded by industry or for-profit organizations.

CHREB Administration Fee for Industry Sponsored Research

Cancer Research

The University of Calgary has delegated review of all cancer-related research to HREBA-CC. For access to that committee's ethics application please email [email protected]. 

Cancer-related studies are those focused on the study of cancer, treatment of cancer patients, or using health information from a cancer registry or biorepository. This includes, but is not limited to:

• Clinical trials in patients with a cancer diagnosis;
• Studies evaluating, assessing or describing the clinical care (including palliative and psychosocial well-being) and management of patients with cancer;
• Studies where the participants are identified/recruited using cancer registries or bio-repositories in Alberta or elsewhere;
• Studies seeking to draw samples or data for secondary use from established cancer data or bio-repositories
• Studies accessing health information from a cancer registry (e.g., ARIA, ARC) 

Where to Apply - Human Health Research Ethics Approval in Alberta

CHREB Updates

QA/QI/PE vs Research   REVISED  JANUARY 2024

CHREB Guidelines - Obtaining and Documenting Consent Electronically   REVISED  DECEMBER 2023

CHREB Administration Fee for Industry Sponsored Research    REVISED  MAY 2023

Single Ethics Board Review for Minimal Risk Research   NEW  May 2023

Payment of Subjects for Research Participation   REVISED  April 2023

Before You Submit CHREB Submission Checklist   REVISED  March 2023

Forms and Templates

Budget Summary  - for unfunded studies; studies without detailed Grant or Sponsor budget

Department Approval Form – Faculty of Kinesiology  

Department Approval

Common Rule Consent form Requirements  

Consent to Contact Template

CHREB Standard Consent Template

CHREB Clinical Trial or Interventional Study Consent Template  

CHREB Surrogate Consent and Regained Capacity Consent Template  

CHREB Pediatric (Parental) Consent TemplateForm

CHREB Assent Template

CHREB Assent form for Younger Children (7-10) Template

CHREB Consent Addendum Template

CHREB Implied Consent Template

CHREB Oral Consent Script Template

CHREB Debriefing Sheet Template

CHREB Telephone Recruitment Script Template

Clinical Trial or Interventional Study  Protocol Template

Resources and Guidelines

Annual Renewal Guidance  

Alberta Health Services Health System Access Resource Page

IT Access Form for AHS network account or connect care training

Approved Transcription Services for Research

Before You Submit CHREB Submission Checklist  - REVISED March 2023

Calgary Board of Education Research

Cell Line Application Guidance

CIHR Best Practice for Health Research Involving Children and Adolescents

Preventing Fraudulent Participants - NEW March 2024

Membership and Attestation

Modifications vs New Applications

Modification Pro-Tips

Payment of Subjects for Research Participation - REVISED April 2023

Placebo Guideline

Recruitment Guidance

Single Ethics Board Review for Minimal Risk Research - NEW May 2023

Consent Guidance

Oral Consent Guidelines and COVID-19  

CHREB Guidelines - Assent, Consent & Decision Making Capacity in Minors

CHREB Guidelines - Obtaining and Documenting Consent Electronically

Health Information Act

Health Information Act guidance

Netcare Access

Consent Form Readability Resource

Consent Amendment Guideline

Common Rule Consent form Requirements

NIH Informed Consent for Secondary Research with Data and Biospecimens

IT Guidence

Data Retention Rules

File Sharing and Collaboration Usage Guide

Information Security Classification Standard  

Ethics Training

It is the responsibility of the PI to ensure that all study team members have completed the applicable training courses (below). Principal Investigators are required to upload their training certificates into their Researcher Profile in IRISS. It is recommended that all other team members also upload their training certificate(s) to their profile in IRISS.

Please see the  user guide  for assistance in uploading certificates into Researcher Profiles.

Mandatory Ethics Training

As of September 1, 2018 , human ethics training is mandatory for all Principal Investigators. Applications will be returned, and cannot be reviewed by the REB, until one of the following training certificates has been completed and uploaded into the PI's Researcher Profile in IRISS:

• TCPS2 CORE Tutorial ; or
• CITI Human Subjects Research Course (Biomedical or Social Behavioural-Educational module, whichever is most relevant to your discipline). View the guidance document on how to access the CITI website.

Training Specific to Clinical Research

As of September 1, 2018 , the following training is required for researchers and support staff involved in clinical research.  These training modules are in addition to the Mandatory Ethics Training:

• Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Training - required for all researchers and support staff involved in an interventional clinical research study.
• Health Canada Division 5 Training - required for all researchers and support staff involved in a clinical research study that uses a drug as an intervention .

The University research community is able to access GCP and Health Canada Division 5 online courses free of charge through CITI Canada . View the guidance document on how to access the CITI website.

Ethical Autoethnography: Is it Possible?

Detecting, Preventing, and Responding to “Fraudsters” in Internet Research: Ethics and Tradeoffs

Reportable Events

Please follow the  Reportable Events User Guide  when reporting an event for an approved study.

Serious Adverse Events (SAE) - Local

Local SAEs are adverse events experienced by research participants at the site(s) under the jurisdiction of the REB. A local SAE is reportable if the Principal Investigator (PI) believes it is an unanticipated problem in accordance with,  Canadian Association of Research Ethics Boards (CAREB) standards , that is, it is unexpected, related or possibly related to the research, and places research participants or others at a greater risk of harm.

• Complete the  Local SAE Report  when the local SAE meets the definition of an unanticipated problem.
• Local SAEs that are fatal or life-threatening must be reported within 7 calendar days of the PI becoming aware of them. All other local SAEs must be reported to the CHREB within 15 calendar days of the PI becoming aware of them.
• Receipt by the CHREB will be acknowledged
• PI will be contacted if more information/action is required

Serious Adverse Events (SAE) - Non-Local

Non-local SAEs are adverse events experienced by research participants at centres/institutions  outside  the REB’s jurisdiction. A non-local SAE is reportable if the PI believes it is an unanticipated problem in accordance with  Canadian Association of Research Ethics Boards (CAREB) standards , that is, any incidents, experiences, or outcomes that are unexpected, related or possibly related to the research, and places research participants or others at a greater risk of harm.

• The FDA and OHRP advise (under  HHS regulations  at 45 CFR part 46) that it is neither useful nor necessary for reports of individual adverse events occurring in research participants enrolled in multi-centre studies to be distributed routinely to investigators at all centres conducting the research or to the REB overseeing those centres.  Individual adverse events should only be reported to investigators and REBs at all institutions when a determination has been made that the events meet the criteria for an unanticipated problem (i.e. related/possibly related and unexpected) and place research participants at greater risk of harm.
• There is no Health Canada regulation for reporting non-local adverse events to the REB.
• Complete the Non-Local SAE Report when the non-local SAE meets the definition of an unanticipated problem (related/possibly related and unexpected)
• Non-Local SAEs must be reported within 15 calendar days of the sponsor becoming aware of them.

Protocol Violation/Deviation

Protocol Violation/Deviations are departures from the procedures set forth in the CHREB approved application.  These include departures that:

• Compromise the scientific integrity of the study, and/or
• Constitute or may constitute a potential safety risk to participants enrolled in the protocol or others affected by the research, and/or
• Are non-compliant with applicable regulations governing human research, and/or
• Are non-compliant with the requirements or determinations of the CHREB, or an allegation of such non-compliance, and/or
• Complete the  Protocol Violation/Deviation Report  when the protocol violation/deviation meets one or more of the above criteria.
• Changes to eliminate immediate safety risks to the study participants  should be reported within 7 calendar days, all other violations should be reported within 15 calendar days of the PI becoming aware of the deviation/violation

* The University of Calgary also has specific procedures for responding to a privacy breach . This states that researchers are directed to report the breach to the Access and Privacy Coordinator. 

Follow-Up Report

Follow-up reports are requested by the CHREB if/when more information becomes available, and/or if the issue remained unresolved in the initial report. PI will be contacted if more information/action is required

• Follow up reports may be required after the initial submission of an SAE, Protocol Deviation/Violation, Audit, Suspension or Participant Complaint
• Upload a new copy of the relevant form (i.e. SAE, Protocol Deviation/Violation, Audit, Suspension or Participant Complaint) containing the follow-up information
• PI will be contacted if more information/action is required.

Report submissions may include, but are not limited to, written reports or memorandums from study monitors or sponsors, such as:

• A safety report
• Data Safety Monitoring Board reports (DSMB)
• Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) reports
• Quarterly Summary Reports (QSR)
• Blind Line Listings (BLL)
• Annual Progress Reports (APRs)
• Safety alert notifications
• Memorandums

Upload a copy of the report; there is no CHREB form to complete.

Reports should be submitted within 15 calendar days of the PI receiving the report.

Receipt by the CHREB will be acknowledged.

The PI will be contacted if more information/action is required.

Audit, inspection, or inquiry by a university, provincial or federal agency.  Only reports with information relevant to the CHREB should be submitted.

• Upload a copy of the audit; there is no CHREB form to complete
• Audits should be submitted within 15 calendar days of the PI receiving the audit or inspection report
• The PI will be contacted if more information/action is required

Suspension of active and ongoing research by the sponsor, PI, REB or institution. This report is to capture suspended studies that have been approved by the CHREB.

• Complete the  Suspension Report

Participant Complaint

Complaints made by participants or others affected by the research concerning their well-being (psychological or physical) and/or respectful and fair treatment from the researchers. Participant complaints should be submitted for review as soon as possible.

• Complete the  Participant Complaint Report
• Submit via IRISS

When is Ethics Approval Required?

Q: How do I know if my project requires human ethics review?

A:  As per TCPS Article 2.1, the following requires ethics review and approval by an REB before the research commences:

• Research involving living human participants
• Research involving human biological materials, as well as human embryos, fetuses, fetal tissue, reproductive materials and stem cells. This applies to materials derived from living and deceased individuals.

Where "research" is defined as an undertaking intended to extend knowledge through a disciplined inquiry or systematic investigation. This includes pilot studies (Article 6.11). The term “disciplined inquiry” refers to an inquiry that is conducted with the expectation that the method, results, and conclusions will be able to withstand the scrutiny of the relevant research community.

What requires review depends on the exact context of your research. Distinguishing what requires review can sometimes appear difficult or confusing to researchers. When in doubt, please contact  [email protected]

Timelines for Submission to the CHREB

Q: What are the deadlines for submissions to the CHREB?

A:  You may submit your application to the CHREB at any time via IRISS. All applications undergo an administrative check prior to going in the queue to be sent out for review. Once your file has been received, feedback regarding any ethical issues of your application will be logged and sent to you via IRISS.

Q: How long does it take for an application to be reviewed and receive approval?

A:  The level of review (delegated or full board) depends on the context of the study and the risk of the proposed research. Quality can make a difference. An application that is complete, accurate and concise may take less time, because there will be less back and forth between the Board and the researcher. Please contact  [email protected]  for assistance with your application.

Retrospective Review

Q: Colleagues have suggested I needed CHREB review/approval for work I've already done. What now?

A:  Ethics approval must be sought prior to the initiation of research involving human participants. The CHREB does not and cannot grant approval for work already undertaken. If you have any questions, please contact [email protected]

Q: When is ethics approval required for the use of cell lines?

A:  To be compliant with TCPS 2, research involving cell lines requires REB review (Article 12.1). If the cell line progenitor was at some point known, or is known by the company (i.e. the line is de-identified) REB review  is  required. If the cell line is anonymized (i.e. irrevocably stripped of direct identifiers and a code is not kept to allow for future re-linkage) REB review  is  required. Only the cell lines that have been generated from an anonymous donor are  exempt  from REB review.

Q: Does a cell line study require a full application in IRISS?

A:  Yes, a full IRISS application is required for cell line studies. The application should include a description of the cell line, how it was derived (i.e., was it obtained from a company or otherwise derived?) and a statement regarding the identity of the original donor. Specifically, please state if the cell line is anonymous, or if it has been de-identified. Anonymous means there was NEVER a known identity (some commercial cell line companies retain this information and can confirm upon request), not whether or not the identity is known to the researchers. 

Publishing Case Series and Case Reports

Q: Is research ethics review required for writing up a case report or case series?

A:  Writing a report of a unique or interesting clinical case would not fall within the definition of research in the second edition of the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (TCPS 2), to the extent that these reports are simply anecdotal accounts of individual cases, and not “an undertaking designed to extend knowledge through a disciplined inquiry or systematic Investigation”. They would therefore not require REB review. As indicated in the application of Article 2.1 of TCPS 2, it is the intent of the undertaking that distinguishes activities that require ethics review by an REB and those that do not.

The publication of individual case reports may however raise ethical issues, e.g. consent, privacy and confidentiality.  Please consult the REB if you have any questions or concerns in this regard.

Where however a physician is seeking to use data collected for non-research purposes (such as a collection of case reports) in order to answer a research question, this would fall within the definition of research and would require REB review. It would be considered secondary use of information not intended for research, and at that time will require REB review. TCPS 2 provides guidance regarding secondary use of identifiable information for research purposes at Articles 5.5 and 5.6.

Pathological Samples and Wet Lab

Q: I do not deal with patients. I work in labs on human biologic samples. Do I need ethics approval?

A:  REB review and approval is required for research involving human participants and research involving human biological materials, as well as human embryos, fetuses, fetal tissue, reproductive materials and stem cells. This applies to materials derived from living and deceased individuals (TCPS2 Article 2.1)

Chart Reviews

Q: I am a care provider for patients. Can I go through their charts whenever it might be useful?

A:  The Health Information Act outlines conditions under which personal health information can be accessed. You can go through a patient’s chart without consent only if:

• it is to provide that patient with health care OR
• to undertake quality assurance work outside the context of research OR
• both the CHREB has granted a waiver of consent for actual or potential research and the custodian of the records gives you access.

In advance of a study application, researchers may need to review charts to see if their site would be eligible/if they have sufficient subject numbers. In these situations, please contact Alberta Health Services (AHS) Research Facilitation for more information. 

Q: On what grounds does the CHREB grant a waiver of consent to access personal health information?

A:  The CHREB can grant waivers of consent on the grounds specified under the  Health Information Act  (section 50) that it is  unreasonable, impractical or not feasible to obtain consent . Given the study will involve accessing/collecting health information from patients, the study team must provide a justification for the waiver of consent within the context of the proposed research. 

Some examples include (but are not exhaustive): 

• large sample size or geographic range would make obtaining consent impractical
• mortality/morbidity in the target population is likely which makes obtaining consent not feasible (please provide examples/rates of mortality)
• contact details are no longer valid given passage of time making consent not feasible (please provide dates)

Custodian Refused to Release Information

Q: CHREB granted a waiver of consent to review health information, but the custodian won't give access.

A:  REB approval and Researcher/Custodian Agreements are distinct. While an REB might grant ethics approval for access of health records custodians are under no obligation to disclose those records Health Information Act, Section 53(1).   

Q: What is the difference between delegated and full board review?

A:  Proportionate Approach to Research Ethics Review:

“The selection of the level of REB review shall be determined by the level of foreseeable risks to participants: the lower the level of risk, the lower the level of scrutiny (delegated review); the higher the level of risk, the higher the level of scrutiny (full board review) (TCPS 2010, Article 6.12).

Full Board and Delegated Review:

The default review process is full review where a protocol is brought to a monthly REB meeting and reviewed by the entire board. The committee may decide, based on its deliberations, to approve the research, disallow the research, request further information or clarification from the researcher, or request changes. The researcher’s response to clarifications and revisions may be reviewed either by the Chair, or the committee may request to see the changes at their next meeting.

A delegated review only applies to research that is determined minimal risk and involves the REB delegating research ethics review to an individual from the REB membership or a subcommittee of the Board. Determining the level of review (full board or delegated review) involves an evaluation of the risk of the project.

Minimal risk  research is defined as “research in which the probability and magnitude of possible harms implied by participation in the research is no greater than those encountered by the participant in those aspects of her or her everyday life that relate to the research” (TCPS 2010, p 23). Research is considered  greater than minimal risk  when the risks from the research are greater than participants would experience in their everyday life. The context of everyday life the key consideration but is very context specific.

Q: Does my funding need to be approved before I apply for ethics approval?

A:  Yes, all funding must be in place (when applicable), before researchers apply for ethics. If funding is pending, the ethics application will only move forward if the researchers assure that the study will take place regardless of whether or not funding is received. If the study is unfunded, but there are costs associated with the study, the PI must indicate how these costs will be covered (e.g. personal funds, department funds)

Electronic Surveys and Questionnaires

Q: I will be collecting data by electronic questionnaires and surveys. Do I need written consent?

A:  The requirement under TCPS2 is that consent be documented. Deviations from the usual practice of signed consent are acceptable in certain contexts (Article 3.12). You should provide potential participants with an information screen that includes the key headings of the informed consent template (e.g., a description of what you are doing, why and what the survey/questionnaire will cover, and privacy and security provisions in place). Submission of the questionnaire by the participant is then construed as “implied consent.”

Written Consent Irregularities

Q: The participant had signed the consent form without a witness being present.

A:  The CHREB adheres to ICH-GCP guidelines, which state the following:

4.8.8 Prior to a subject’s participation in the trial, the written informed consent form should be signed and personally dated by the subject or by the subject’s legally acceptable representative, and by the person who conducted the informed consent discussion.

4.8.9 If a subject is unable to read or if a legally acceptable representative is unable to read, an impartial witness should be present during the entire informed consent discussion. After the written informed consent form and any other written information to be provided to subjects, is read and explained to the subject or the subject’s legally acceptable representative, and after the subject or the subject’s legally acceptable representative has orally consented to the subject’s participation in the trial and, if capable of doing so, has signed and personally dated the informed consent form, the witness should sign and personally date the consent form. By signing the consent form, the witness attests that the information in the consent form and any other written information was accurately explained to, and apparently understood by, the subject or the subject’s legally acceptable representative, and that informed consent was freely given by the subject or the subject’s legally acceptable representative.

Q: Who can act as an interpreter for a potential participant?

A:  Besides the obvious requirements about language/sign language/communication capacity, any competent adult may act as interpreter. Most teaching hospitals have access to a wide range of qualified interpreter services and you may be able to access these if you have any concerns about whether the potential subject will be given full information.

Re-Consenting

Q: A participant was enrolled as a minor with paediatric consent. They are about to turn 18.

A:  Consent is an ongoing, proactive, voluntary engagement (Article 3.3, TCPS2). So when the young person reaches the age of majority you do need their personal consent. All information gained under the paediatric consent will remain in the study, but gathering further information or continuing to store identifiable biosamples for future research does require the new adult’s consent.

Q. Do I "re-consent" participants if a sponsor changes protocol due to newly identified risks?

A.  The participants do need to be told of new information about risks, even if they have finished the active intervention phase. It may be more appropriate to prepare an information update (consent addendum) rather than a full “re-consent”.

Q. What if a participant refuses to "re-consent" when asked to do so by the sponsor?

A.  A sponsor may ask to “re-consent” participants in the study because of editorial and administrative changes in the consent form. If a local participant refuses to do so and wants to stay in the study, referencing their prior given consent, you can give the participant a copy of the revised consent form, confirm orally that they do understand and do wish to remain in the study, make a written note in your records and keep them in the study.

Quality Assurance Questions

Q. Is my project Quality Assurance/Quality Improvement/Program Evaluation or research? 

A.  All research involving human participants requires ethics review where research is understood to be an effort to produce new, generalizable knowledge. Activities exempt from ethics review include quality improvement or program evaluation initiatives, which are understood to be those things relating to the assessment, management or improvement of a local program (Article 2.5, TCPS2). Receiving a competitive research grant/award would be an indication that the project is research. Ethics approval cannot be granted for work already undertaken and there is no prohibition against publishing work that has been defined as QI.  

The guidance documents below are intended to help determine whether a project is best categorized as research or quality assurance, quality improvement, or program evaluation (QA/QI/PE). Please review the documents and then send an email to [email protected] with a QA/QI/PE category and your ARECCI project categorization results.  An indication of support from the authorized clinic/department lead is also useful.

• QA/QI/PE vs Research
• Decision Tree

Study Closure

Q. When can my study be closed?

A.  A study can only be closed when ALL data collection procedures have been completed. Studies that have completed subject recruitment [i.e. closed to accrual] are not considered closed if data related to the subjects are still being collected.

These types of data collection activities can include the following:  

• post-treatment contact with research subjects ; for example, when data is collected via imaging reports, blood analysis reports, etc. and incorporated into the research study database. 
• indirect collection of data for follow up purposes after the study intervention is completed; for example, quality of life/late side effects/survival data. 

If the study is funded or supported by the US Federal Government (NIH, etc.) it cannot be considered closed until all follow up of subjects is final AND there is no further data analysis involving individually identifiable information.

Grant Funded Studies: Your study can still be closed, even if you still have an active grant. Closing your research study will not close your project account.  

Please note that a study closure should not be submitted to the CHREB until all participant-related expenses in the project have been submitted.

Help with IRISS

Q: Where can I find resources or get help with IRISS?

A.  You can visit the IRISS webpage for resources and additional links:  IRISS webpage

If you have an ethics-related question, please contact [email protected] .

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Research Ethics Board: Policies, guidelines and resources

• About the REB
• Apply for ethics review
• Continuing ethics review forms
• Policies, guidelines and resources
• Consent process

The Health Canada-PHAC REB reviews applications in accordance with the considerations set out in the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (TCPS 2) as the minimum standard. TCPS 2 is the foundation for the REB's operational and guidance documents (which include the Operational Policy Framework, evaluation criteria and requirements for informed consent). The REB also takes into account to relevant federal laws and regulations, such as the Privacy Act and clinical trial regulations, where applicable.

On this page

• TCPS 2 and related ethics resources

REB evaluation criteria

Clinical trial regulations, reb operational policy framework, tcps 2 and related ethics resources.

The  Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (TCPS 2)  is a joint policy of Canada's three federal research agencies – the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). Recognizing that TCPS is the prevailing Canadian standard for ethical research, Health Canada and PHAC have adopted TCPS to guide the ethical aspects of the design, review and conduct of research involving humans. Related links:

• TCPS 2 interpretations
• TCPS 2 tutorial: Course on Research Ethics (CORE)
• Panel on Research Ethics

The  Declaration of Helsinki  is an official policy document of the World Medical Association, the global representative body for physicians, developed as a statement of ethical principles to provide guidance to physicians and other participants in medical research involving human subjects.

The  Belmont Report  was the work of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. It identifies three basic principles underlying the ethics of human research: respect for persons, beneficence and justice.

The  Canadian Association of Research Ethics Boards  (CAREB) is a grassroots national membership organization intended to represent the interests of all Canadian REBs and to reflect REB perspectives and concerns.

Research involving humans can be ethically justified only when:

• The research is scientifically sound;
• The potential benefit significantly outweighs the potential for harm;
• There is an adequate process for informed consent, and assent where applicable; and
• There is justice or fairness in selection of participants.

Thus, when assessing whether a proposal meets the ethical requirements for research involving humans, the REB focuses on the following five elements:

• Methodology
• Selection and recruitment
• Informed consent process
• Potential harms and benefits
• Privacy and confidentiality

Applicants should ensure that their research protocols provide sufficient detail so that the REB can appropriately assess the proposal against these criteria. The research protocol instructions on the REB website provide additional information relevant to each of these elements. Applicants are advised to follow these instructions closely when drafting their protocols.

Health Canada regulates the sale and importation of certain drugs, medical devices and natural health products that will be used in human clinical trials. This includes health products not authorized/licenced in Canada, as well as Canadian market authorized drugs and licensed medical devices and natural health products that are being investigated for potential use outside their approved indication. Health Canada requires that the drug sponsor (individual, corporate body, institution or organization) and medical device manufacturer/importer undertaking the clinical study obtain institutional Research Ethics Board approval prior to opening the clinical trial in Canada, in accordance with Division 5 of the Food and Drug Regulations , Part 4 of the Natural Health Product Regulations or Part 3 of the Medical Devices Regulations .

The Health Canada-PHAC REB only reviews clinical trials being undertaken and conducted by investigators from Health Canada or PHAC. The REB does not provide advice to external researchers.

For further information regarding the regulatory requirements, investigators may contact:

• For pharmaceutical drugs : Office of Clinical Trials, Therapeutic Products Directorate. Email: [email protected]
• For biologics and radiopharmaceuticals : Office of Regulatory Affairs, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate. Email: [email protected]
• For medical devices : Bureau of Investigational Testing Authorization, Special Access Program and Post-Market Surveillance, Medical Devices Directorate. Email: [email protected]
• For natural health products : Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate. Email: [email protected]

For more information, please see:

• Clinical trials and drug safety
• Guidance Document For Clinical Trial Sponsors: Clinical Trial Applications
• Clinical Trials For Natural Health Products
• Applications for Medical Device Investigational Testing Authorizations Guidance Document
• Guidance document for Preparation of an Application for Investigational Testing - In Vitro Diagnostic Devices
• ICH Guidelines
• ICH Guidance E6(R2): Good Clinical Practice

In most cases, Health Canada is not involved in conducting clinical trial research, but only in the regulation of the sale (distribution) and importation of non-approved drugs for use in human clinical trials. This applies to drugs not marketed in Canada and for approved drugs used outside of the parameters of the Notice of Compliance. As part of that regulatory function, the Therapeutic Products Directorate (TPD) and the Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate (BGTD), require that the sponsor (individual, corporate body, institution or organization) undertaking the research, obtain the approval of an appropriate Research Ethics Board before the clinical trial begins, in accordance with the Division 5 of the Food and Drugs Act and Regulations.

However, there may be circumstances where Health Canada will be involved in conducting clinical trials. In such situations, an application to Health Canada's Research Ethics Board (REB) for an ethical review of the proposed research by the REB will be required in order to proceed.

Guidance for sponsors of clinical trials including the process of filing a clinical trial application and the responsibilities of the sponsor can be found in the document " Guidance for Clinical Trial Sponsors ".

ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline

The International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) is a unique project that brings together the regulatory authorities of Europe, Japan and the United States and experts from the pharmaceutical industry in the three regions to discuss scientific and technical aspects of product registration. The " Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice " is an international ethical and scientific quality standard for designing, conducting, recording and reporting trials that involve the participation of human subjects, and is adopted by Health Canada which applies to drug and device studies undertaken by industry or with industry support.

The REB Operational Policy Framework provides information about the REB's authorities, mandate and scope, committee structure and review process.

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Structural analysis of types of Muslim religious consciousness

Axmed Abdurazakov 1 , Olga Garnaya 2 * , Michael Lebedev 2 and Emzari Yunusov 2

1 Federal State Institution of Additional Professional Education Interregional Training Center of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for Moscow Region, Novye Doma settlement, Elektrostal, Moscow Region, 142470, Russian Federation 2 Federal State Institution Research Institute of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Narvskaya str., 15 a, building 1, Moscow, 125130, Russian Federation

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

A separate theoretical and legal study should be devoted to essential features of legal consciousness of Muslims, which will be based on the study of perception of positive law through the prism of Islamic religious and legal doctrine. It is advisable to start the basis of this study with definition of its main structural element - the types of Muslim legal consciousness. Consideration of this issue from the standpoint of natural law will expand the traditional boundaries of theory of modern legal consciousness, open up additional applied and scientific horizons and, using the example of Islam, allow us to consider peculiarities of religious influence on legal consciousness of various categories of citizens. Knowledge of foundations of Muslim law, procedure for formation of moral and social religious attitudes, interpretation of religious canons and dogmas contribute to a better understanding of many processes taking place within Russian Muslim community and can form the basis of mechanism for formation of moral legal consciousness, which must be opposed, in its turn, to radical and criminalized forms of religious consciousness.

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2021

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Modified & Updated: 02 Mar 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes, offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

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