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When you know exactly how many times you want to loop through a block of code, use the for loop instead of a while loop:

Statement 1 is executed (one time) before the execution of the code block.

Statement 2 defines the condition for executing the code block.

Statement 3 is executed (every time) after the code block has been executed.

The example below will print the numbers 0 to 4:

Try it Yourself »

Example explained

Statement 1 sets a variable before the loop starts (int i = 0).

Statement 2 defines the condition for the loop to run (i must be less than 5). If the condition is true, the loop will start over again, if it is false, the loop will end.

Statement 3 increases a value (i++) each time the code block in the loop has been executed.

Another Example

This example will only print even values between 0 and 10:

Nested Loops

It is also possible to place a loop inside another loop. This is called a nested loop .

The "inner loop" will be executed one time for each iteration of the "outer loop":

Test Yourself With Exercises

Use a for loop to print "Yes" 5 times.

Start the Exercise

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The Java Tutorials have been written for JDK 8. Examples and practices described in this page don't take advantage of improvements introduced in later releases and might use technology no longer available. See Java Language Changes for a summary of updated language features in Java SE 9 and subsequent releases. See JDK Release Notes for information about new features, enhancements, and removed or deprecated options for all JDK releases.

The for Statement

The for statement provides a compact way to iterate over a range of values. Programmers often refer to it as the "for loop" because of the way in which it repeatedly loops until a particular condition is satisfied. The general form of the for statement can be expressed as follows:

When using this version of the for statement, keep in mind that:

• The initialization expression initializes the loop; it's executed once, as the loop begins.
• When the termination expression evaluates to false , the loop terminates.
• The increment expression is invoked after each iteration through the loop; it is perfectly acceptable for this expression to increment or decrement a value.

The following program, ForDemo , uses the general form of the for statement to print the numbers 1 through 10 to standard output:

The output of this program is:

Notice how the code declares a variable within the initialization expression. The scope of this variable extends from its declaration to the end of the block governed by the for statement, so it can be used in the termination and increment expressions as well. If the variable that controls a for statement is not needed outside of the loop, it's best to declare the variable in the initialization expression. The names i , j , and k are often used to control for loops; declaring them within the initialization expression limits their life span and reduces errors.

The three expressions of the for loop are optional; an infinite loop can be created as follows:

The for statement also has another form designed for iteration through Collections and arrays This form is sometimes referred to as the enhanced for statement, and can be used to make your loops more compact and easy to read. To demonstrate, consider the following array, which holds the numbers 1 through 10:

The following program, EnhancedForDemo , uses the enhanced for to loop through the array:

In this example, the variable item holds the current value from the numbers array. The output from this program is the same as before:

We recommend using this form of the for statement instead of the general form whenever possible.

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• How for Loop Works

Simple for Loop Example

Using the comma, the for-each version of the for loop, for-each loop with break.

• for-each Loop is Essentially Read-Only
• for-each - Iterating Over Multidimensional Arrays

Search an Array Using for-each Style Example

Nested for loops.

• The initialization expression initializes the loop; it's executed once, as the loop begins.
• When the termination expression evaluates to false, the loop terminates.
• The increment expression is invoked after each iteration through the loop; it is perfectly acceptable for this expression to increment or decrement a value.

How for Loop Works (Flow of Execution of the for Loop)

The for-each Loop is Essentially Read-Only

The for-each loop - iterating over multidimensional arrays, post a comment.

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Table of Contents

Understanding the Basics

Structure of a for loop, example of a for loop, tips and tricks, common errors and how to avoid them.

Introduction

• Initialization: It is the initial condition which gets executed once when the loop starts. Here, we can initialize the variable, or we can also use an already initialized variable. It is an optional condition.
• Condition: It is the second condition which is executed each time to test the condition of the loop. If the condition is true, the loop will continue, otherwise it breaks. It is an optional condition.
• Iteration: It is the third condition which runs every time after all the statements in the loop have been executed.
• The int variable i is initialized to 1.
• Then the condition is checked. If i is less than or equal to 5, the loop continues; otherwise, it stops.
• The print statement inside the loop is executed, and the value of i is printed.
• After executing all the statements inside the loop, the value of i is increased by 1 because of the i++ statement.
• This process continues until the condition i<=5 becomes false.
• Always initialize the loop control variable correctly and make sure that the initialization is done before the loop starts.
• Ensure that the iteration statement is written correctly. For example, if your loop variable is decreasing during each iteration, but your condition is checking for an increase, then your loop might run infinitely.
• Make sure that your condition is correct. If your condition never becomes false, the loop will run indefinitely. This will cause the program to crash or behave unexpectedly.

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Loop Initializer

Post iteration operation, the java for each loop, the continue command, the break command, variable visibility in java for loops, for loops in other languages.

The Java for loop repeats a set of Java operations. A for loop repeats a block of code as long as some condition is true. Here is a simple Java for loop example:

This example is a standard Java for loop. Inside the parentheses () after the for keyword, are three statements separated by semicolon (;).

The first statement declares an int variable named i and assigns it the value 0 . This statement is only executed once, when the for loop starts.

The second statement compares the value of the i variable to the value 10 . If the value of i is less than 10 , then the for loop is executed one more time. This statement is executed before each repetition of the for loop.

The third statement increments the value of i . This statement is also executed once per iteration of the for loop, after the body of the for loop is executed.

The result of the for loop shown above is that the body of the loop is executed 10 times. Once for each of the values of i that are less than 10 (0 to 9).

You don't actually need the curly braces around the for loop body. If you omit the curly braces, then only the first Java statement after the for loop statement is executed. Here is an example:

In this example, only the first System.out.println() statement is executed inside the for loop. The second System.out.println() statement is not executed until after the for loop is finished.

Forgetting the curly braces around the for loop body is a common mistake. Therefore it can be a good habit to just always put them around the for loop body.

Loop Initializer, Condition and Post Iteration Operation

As mentioned earlier, the for loop contains three statements, separated by semicolons. Here is the example from above, showing the three statements:

These statements each have a different role in the execution of the for loop. These roles are:

• Loop initializer
• Loop condition
• Post iteration operation

I'll explain the roles in a bit more detail below.

The loop initializer statement is only executed once, before the for loop begins. The loop initializer statement is typically used to initialize variables or objects that are used by the loop condition statement. In the example above (repeated below) the loop initializer statement (marked in bold) declares an int variable and assigns it the value 0.

You don't need a loop initializer statement. It is optional. Here is a for loop without a loop initializer statement:

Notice how an object is used to keep the state which controls the loop. Of course this object could have been declared inside the loop initializer statement. I just moved it outside the for loop to show that it is possible.

You can also initialize multiple variables inside the loop initializer statement. Here is an example of that:

Notice how two variables are declared. The i variable used as iteration counter, and the n variable which is used as an iteration boundary. Notice also, how the loop condition now compares the i variable to the n variable, instead of to a constant value.

The condition statement is the second statement inside the for loop parentheses. This statement is an expression that should evaluate to either true or false . If the statement evaluates to true , the for loop is evaluated one more time. If the statement evaluates to false , the for loop is not executed anymore, and execution jumps to the first statement after the body of the for loop.

Here is an example for loop with the condition statement marked in bold:

The third statement in the for loop is the post iteration statement. This statement is executed after each iteration of the for loop. This statement is typically used to update the variables that control the condition statement. For instance, increment a counter variable.

Here is an example for loop with the post iteration statement marked in bold:

The post iteration statement increments the variable i . In the condition statement the variable i is compared to the value 10 . If i is less than 10 , the for loop is executed one more time.

The post iteration statement is optional, like the loop initializer statement. Here is an example without post iteration statement:

In Java 5 a variation of the for loop was added. This variation is called the for each loop. Here is a Java for each loop example:

Notice the String array. This array is used inside the for each loop. Notice how a String aString variable is declared inside the parentheses of the for loop. For each iteration of the for each loop this variable will be bound to one of the String objects from the strings array. The for each loop will repeat once for each element in the strings array.

The Java for each loop can also be used with generic collections. I have explained that in more detail in my Java Iterable tutorial , which is part of my Java Collections tutorial .

Java contains a continue command which can be used inside Java for (and while ) loops. The continue command is placed inside the body of the for loop. When the continue command is met, the Java Virtual Machine jumps to the next iteration of the loop without executing more of the for loop body. The next iteration of the for loop body will proceed as any other. If that iteration also meets the continue command, that iteration too will skip to the next iteration, and so forth.

Note: When the continue command skips to the next iteration of the loop, the post-iteration action is still executed for that iteration.

Here is a simple continue example inside a for loop:

Notice the if statement inside the for loop. This if statement checks if each String in the strings array does not start with with the letter j . If not, then the continue command is executed, and the for loop continues to the next iteration.

If the current String in the strings array does start with the letter j , then the next Java statement after the if statement is executed, and the variable wordsStartingWithJ is incremented by 1.

The continue command also works inside for each loops. Here is a for each version of the previous example:

The for loop looks a bit different, but the logic and functionality remains the same.

The break command is a command that works inside Java for (and while ) loops. When the break command is met, the Java Virtual Machine breaks out of the for loop, even if the loop condition is still true. No more iterations of the for loop are executed once a break command is met. Here is a break command example inside a for loop:

Notice the second if statement inside the for loop. This if statement checks if 3 words or more have been found which starts with the letter j . If yes, the break command is executed, and the program breaks out of the for loop.

Like with the continue command, the break command also works inside for each loops. Here is the example from before, using a for each loop instead:

Just a little difference in the for loop, but the overall functionality remains the same.

Variables declared inside the parentheses or the body of a Java for loop are only visible inside the for loop body. This is true for variables of for each loops too. Look at this Java for loop example:

The variables i and iAsNo are only visible inside the for loop body. They cannot be referenced outside the for loop body.

The same is true for the aString variable in this Java for each loop example:

Since the aString variable is declared inside the parentheses of the Java for each loop, the variable is only visible inside the for each loop.

For the curious reader, here are links to tutorials about for loop instructions in all the programming languages covered here at Jenkov.com :

• for in Java
• for in Python

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Programming Questions and Exercises : Loops

Write a program to print numbers from 1 to 10.

Show the answer.

Write a program to calculate the sum of first 10 natural number.

Write a program that prompts the user to input a positive integer. It should then print the multiplication table of that number. 

Write a program to find the factorial value of any number entered through the keyboard. 

Two numbers are entered through the keyboard. Write a program to find the value of one number raised to the power of another. (Do not use Java built-in method)

Write a program that prompts the user to input an integer and then outputs the number with the digits reversed. For example, if the input is 12345, the output should be 54321.

Write a program that reads a set of integers, and then prints the sum of the even and odd integers.

Write a program that prompts the user to input a positive integer. It should then output a message indicating whether the number is a prime number. 

Write a program to calculate HCF of Two given number.

Question 10

Write a do-while loop that asks the user to enter two numbers. The numbers should be added and the sum displayed. The loop should ask the user whether he or she wishes to perform the operation again. If so, the loop should repeat; otherwise it should terminate. 

Question 11

Write a program to enter the numbers till the user wants and at the end it should display the count of positive, negative and zeros entered. 

Question 12

Write a program to enter the numbers till the user wants and at the end the program should display the largest and smallest numbers entered.

Question 13

Write a program to print out all Armstrong numbers between 1 and 500. If sum of cubes of each digit of the number is equal to the number itself, then the number is called an Armstrong number. For example, 153 = ( 1 * 1 * 1 ) + ( 5 * 5 * 5 ) + ( 3 * 3 * 3 )

Question 14

Write a program to print Fibonacci series of n terms where n is input by user : 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 24 ..... 

Question 15

Write a program to calculate the sum of following series where n is input by user.  1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5 +…………1/n 

Question 16

Compute the natural logarithm of 2, by adding up to n terms in the series 1 - 1/2 + 1/3 - 1/4 + 1/5 -... 1/n where n is a positive integer and input by user.

Question 17

Write a program that generates a random number and asks the user to guess what the number is. If the user's guess is higher than the random number, the program should display "Too high, try again." If the user's guess is lower than the random number, the program should display "Too low, try again." The program should use a loop that repeats until the user correctly guesses the random number.

Question 18

Write a program to print following :

Question 19

Write a program to compute sinx for given x. The user should supply x and a positive integer n. We compute the sine of x using the series and the computation should use all terms in the series up through the term involving x n

sin x = x - x 3 /3! + x 5 /5! - x 7 /7! + x 9 /9! .......

Question 20

Write a program to compute the cosine of x. The user should supply x and a positive integer n. We compute the cosine of x using the series and the computation should use all terms in the series up through the term involving x n

cos x = 1 - x 2 /2! + x 4 /4! - x 6 /6! .....

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If a loop exists inside the body of another loop, it's called a nested loop. Here's an example of the nested for loop.

Here, we are using a for loop inside another for loop.

We can use the nested loop to iterate through each day of a week for 3 weeks.

In this case, we can create a loop to iterate three times (3 weeks). And, inside the loop, we can create another loop to iterate 7 times (7 days).

Example 1: Java Nested for Loop

In the above example, the outer loop iterates 3 times and prints 3 weeks. And, the inner loop iterates 7 times and prints the 7 days.

We can also create nested loops with while and do...while in a similar way.

Note : It is possible to use one type of loop inside the body of another loop. For example, we can put a for loop inside the while loop.

Example 2: Java for loop inside the while loop

Here you can see that the output of both Example 1 and Example 2 is the same.

Example 3: Java nested loops to create a pattern

We can use the nested loop in Java to create patterns like full pyramid, half pyramid, inverted pyramid, and so on.

Here is a program to create a half pyramid pattern using nested loops.

To learn more, visit the Java program to print pyramid and patterns .

• break and continue Inside Nested Loops

When we use a break statement inside the inner loop, it terminates the inner loop but not the outer loop. For example,

In the above example, we have used the break statement inside the inner for loop. Here, the program skips the loop when i is 2 .

Hence, days for week 2 are not printed. However, the outer loop that prints week is unaffected.

Similarly, when we use a continue statement inside the inner loop, it skips the current iteration of the inner loop only. The outer loop is unaffected. For example,

In the above example, we have used the continue statement inside the inner for loop. Notice the code,

Here, the continue statement is executed when the value of j is odd. Hence, the program only prints those days that are even.

We can see the continue statement has affected only the inner loop. The outer loop is working without any problem.

Table of Contents

• Java nested loop
• Example: Nested for Loop
• Example: for loop inside while loop
• Java nested loop to create a pattern

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10 Simple Java For-Loop Exercises

The following java for-loop exercises have been collected from various internet sources such as programmr.com and codewars. Go to my tutoring page if you need more help and would like to talk to a tutor.

User input does not work with the embedded compiler (paiza) below. That is why you see the problems being worded and setup slightly differently than on the rest of the page.

Happy Coding!

Exercise 1:

Determine and print the number of times the character ‘a’ appears in the input entered by the user.

Exercise 2:

Write a program that will print a box of #’s taking from user the height and width values.

Write a program to find the sum of 5 integers.

Write a java program to calculate the factorial value of given number. Factorial x –> x * x-1 * x-2…x*1

Example: factorial 4 = 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 = 24

Suppose we have a database composed of two fields or columns (arrays), the first field is for the username (user[]) and the other one is for the password(pass[]) .

This is how it looks like:

user[0] = “Hassan” ;

user[1] =”Idris”;

 user[2]=”Trevor” ;

And their passwords correspond with their indexes.

pass[0] = “homecomingking”;

pass[1] = “turnupcharlie”;

pass[2] = “afraidofthedark”;

Then if one of them had successfully login, the output should be:

Enter username: Hassan

Enter password: homecomingking

Hello Hassan!

But if not, “Incorrect Login!”

You can ignore case for the username but not for the password.

You have to design the code such that the user has only three tries to guess the correct pin of the account. You set the pin as a constant with a final attribute. When correct display “Correct, welcome back.” When incorrect display “Incorrect, try again.”. When ran out of tries display “Sorry but you have been locked out.”

Write a program that prompts user for a word and prints “Yes” if it is a palindrome and “No” if it is not.

Exercise 8 (Advanced)

This is a code wars kata. click here to train on “Abbreviate a Two Word Name” on code wars.

Write a function to convert a name into initials. You can assume the program takes in two words with one space in between them.

The output should be two capital letters with a dot separating them.

It should look like this:

This is a code wars kata. click here to train on “Grasshopper – Summation” on code wars.

Write a program that finds the summation of every number from 1 to num. The number will always be a positive integer greater than 0.

Exercise 10

This is a code wars kata. click here to train on “Sentence Smash” on code wars.

Write a method smash  that takes an array of words and smashes them together into a sentence and returns the sentence. You can ignore any need to sanitize words or add punctuation, but you should add spaces between each word.  Be careful, there shouldn’t be a space at the beginning or the end of the sentence!

March 24, 2019

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36+ Java Coding questions on For loop statement

• Post author: Tutorial World
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• Post category: Java Coding
• Java program to print all natural numbers from 1 to n using for loop.
• Java program to print all even numbers between 1 to 100 using for loop.
• Java program to print all odd number between 1 to 100 using for loop.
• Java program to print sum of all even numbers between 1 to n using for loop.
• Java program to print sum of all odd numbers between 1 to n using for loop.
• Java program to print multiplication of any number using for loop.
• Java program to count the digits of a given number using for loop.
• Java program to print the sum of digits of a given number using for loop.
• Java program to print all natural numbers in reverse order using for loop.
• Java program to check whether a given number is Prime or not using for loop.
• Java program to print all Prime numbers between 1 to n using for loop.
• Java program to find sum of all prime numbers between 1 to n using for loop.
• Java program to check a given number is Armstrong or not using for loop.
• Java program to print all Armstrong numbers between 1 to n using for loop.
• Java program to check a given number is Perfect or not using for loop.
• Java program to check all Perfect numbers between 1 to n using for loop.
• Java program to check a given number is Strong number or not using for loop.
• Java program to print all Strong numbers between 1 to n using for loop.
• Write a program in Java to swap first and last digit of number using for loop.
• Java program to swap values using third variable using for loop.
• Java program to swap values without using third variable using for loop.
• Java program to calculate power of a number without using pow method using for loop.
• Java program to find power of a number without using pow method using for loop.
• Java program to calculate power of a number using pow method using for loop.
• Java program to check number is palindrome or not using for loop.
• Java program to print Fibonacci series of a given number using for loop.
• Java program to print Fibonacci series of a given number using recursion using for loop.
• Java program to print the frequency of digits in given number using for loop.
• Write a program in Java to print ASCII character with values using for loop.
• Java program to print all alphabets from a to z using for loop.
• Java program to print all uppercase alphabets using for loop.
• Java program to print all lowercase alphabets using for loop.
• Java program to print all factors of a number using for loop.
• Java program to print HCF (GCD) of two numbers using for loop.
• Java program to print LCM of two numbers using for loop.
• Write a Java program to find all prime factors of a number using for loop.

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The for statement creates a loop that consists of three optional expressions, enclosed in parentheses and separated by semicolons, followed by a statement (usually a block statement ) to be executed in the loop.

An expression (including assignment expressions ) or variable declaration evaluated once before the loop begins. Typically used to initialize a counter variable. This expression may optionally declare new variables with var or let keywords. Variables declared with var are not local to the loop, i.e. they are in the same scope the for loop is in. Variables declared with let are local to the statement.

The result of this expression is discarded.

An expression to be evaluated before each loop iteration. If this expression evaluates to true , statement is executed. If the expression evaluates to false , execution exits the loop and goes to the first statement after the for construct.

This conditional test is optional. If omitted, the condition always evaluates to true.

An expression to be evaluated at the end of each loop iteration. This occurs before the next evaluation of condition . Generally used to update or increment the counter variable.

A statement that is executed as long as the condition evaluates to true. You can use a block statement to execute multiple statements. To execute no statement within the loop, use an empty statement ( ; ).

The following for statement starts by declaring the variable i and initializing it to 0 . It checks that i is less than nine, performs the two succeeding statements, and increments i by 1 after each pass through the loop.

Initialization block syntax

The initialization block accepts both expressions and variable declarations. However, expressions cannot use the in operator unparenthesized, because that is ambiguous with a for...in loop.

Optional for expressions

All three expressions in the head of the for loop are optional. For example, it is not required to use the initialization block to initialize variables:

Like the initialization block, the condition part is also optional. If you are omitting this expression, you must make sure to break the loop in the body in order to not create an infinite loop.

You can also omit all three expressions. Again, make sure to use a break statement to end the loop and also modify (increase) a variable, so that the condition for the break statement is true at some point.

However, in the case where you are not fully using all three expression positions — especially if you are not declaring variables with the first expression but mutating something in the upper scope — consider using a while loop instead, which makes the intention clearer.

Lexical declarations in the initialization block

Declaring a variable within the initialization block has important differences from declaring it in the upper scope , especially when creating a closure within the loop body. For example, for the code below:

It logs 0 , 1 , and 2 , as expected. However, if the variable is defined in the upper scope:

It logs 3 , 3 , and 3 . The reason is that each setTimeout creates a new closure that closes over the i variable, but if the i is not scoped to the loop body, all closures will reference the same variable when they eventually get called — and due to the asynchronous nature of setTimeout , it will happen after the loop has already exited, causing the value of i in all queued callbacks' bodies to have the value of 3 .

This also happens if you use a var statement as the initialization, because variables declared with var are only function-scoped, but not lexically scoped (i.e. they can't be scoped to the loop body).

The scoping effect of the initialization block can be understood as if the declaration happens within the loop body, but just happens to be accessible within the condition and afterthought parts. More precisely, let declarations are special-cased by for loops — if initialization is a let declaration, then every time, after the loop body is evaluated, the following happens:

• A new lexical scope is created with new let -declared variables.
• The binding values from the last iteration are used to re-initialize the new variables.
• afterthought is evaluated in the new scope.

So re-assigning the new variables within afterthought does not affect the bindings from the previous iteration.

A new lexical scope is also created after initialization , just before condition is evaluated for the first time. These details can be observed by creating closures, which allow to get hold of a binding at any particular point. For example, in this code a closure created within the initialization section does not get updated by re-assignments of i in the afterthought :

This does not log "0, 1, 2", like what would happen if getI is declared in the loop body. This is because getI is not re-evaluated on each iteration — rather, the function is created once and closes over the i variable, which refers to the variable declared when the loop was first initialized. Subsequent updates to the value of i actually create new variables called i , which getI does not see. A way to fix this is to re-compute getI every time i updates:

The i variable inside the initialization is distinct from the i variable inside every iteration, including the first. So, in this example, getI returns 0, even though the value of i inside the iteration is incremented beforehand:

In fact, you can capture this initial binding of the i variable and re-assign it later, and this updated value will not be visible to the loop body, which sees the next new binding of i .

This logs "0, 0, 0", because the i variable in each loop evaluation is actually a separate variable, but getI and incrementI both read and write the initial binding of i , not what was subsequently declared.

Using for without a body

The following for cycle calculates the offset position of a node in the afterthought section, and therefore it does not require the use of a statement section, a semicolon is used instead.

Note that the semicolon after the for statement is mandatory, because it stands as an empty statement . Otherwise, the for statement acquires the following console.log line as its statement section, which makes the log execute multiple times.

Using for with two iterating variables

You can create two counters that are updated simultaneously in a for loop using the comma operator . Multiple let and var declarations can also be joined with commas.

Specifications

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How to Decrement a Python for Loop

Python’s for loop is a fundamental construct used for iterating over sequences. While Python does not have a built-in feature to decrement a loop index directly, there are multiple approaches to achieve this functionality. In this article, we’ll explore different methods to decrement a for loop in Python, each with its advantages and use cases.

Decrement a For Loop in Python

Below are some of the ways by which we can decrement a for loop in Python :

• Using the reversed() Function
• Iterating Over a Reversed Range
• Decrementing the Loop Index Manually

Decrement a For Loop Using the reversed() Function

In this example, the reversed() function is used with range(5) to create an iterator that yields values from 4 to 0. The for loop then iterates over these values, printing each one in reverse order.

Decrement a For Loop Using Negative Step Value

In this example, the range(4, -1, -1) function generates a sequence starting from 4 and decrementing by 1 until reaching -1 (exclusive). The for loop iterates over this sequence, printing each value in reverse order.

Decrement a For Loop By Decrementing the Loop Index Manually

In this example, the code iterates over the indices of “my_list” in reverse order using a for loop. The elements of “my_list” are printed in reverse order by accessing them with reverse indices.

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