essay on population of pakistan

Beyond the brink: Pakistan's population explosion

Us Pakistanis are a staggering 225 million people and counting … we’ll be more by the time you finish reading this.

A ticking time bomb of population growth threatens Pakistan, joining the league of the world's top five most populous countries, with a staggering 225 million people and counting. The repercussions are hitting hard, straining vital resources, crippling the economy, and overwhelming social infrastructure.

Understanding population growth in Pakistan

Pakistan's population has been experiencing exponential growth over the past few decades. Several factors contribute to this increase including: high birth rates, limited access to family planning services, cultural norms, and religious beliefs. According to the UN, Pakistan's population is projected to reach 403 million by 2050 if the current growth rate continues unchecked.

Population control in Bangladesh

Bangladesh, which shares a similar cultural and historical background with Pakistan, has managed to curb its population growth significantly.

Bangladesh faced a population crisis in the 1970s, with a high fertility rate and a rapidly growing population. The government recognised the need for immediate action and implemented various policies and programmes to address the issue. One of the landmark initiatives, launched in 1976, was the National Family Planning Programme. This programme aimed to provide accessible and affordable family planning services to couples across the country.

Through this initiative, Bangladesh emphasised the importance of family planning, educated the population about contraceptive methods, and made contraceptives readily available. Additionally, the government partnered with non-governmental organisations and community-based groups to create awareness and deliver family planning services effectively.

Success stories and lessons for Pakistan

Bangladesh's efforts in population control have given rise to remarkable results. From a fertility rate of around 6.3 in the 1970s, the country has successfully reduced it to 2.1, as of the latest available data. This achievement is considered a significant milestone, as a fertility rate of 2.1 is considered the replacement level, where the population size stabilises.

To achieve such success, Bangladesh focused on empowering women and enhancing their access to education and healthcare, leading to an increase in women's participation in the workforce. Educated and empowered women are more likely to make informed decisions regarding family planning, leading to reduced birth rates.

Moreover, Bangladesh's efforts in improving healthcare and reducing child mortality also contributed to population control. When families have confidence in the survival of their children, they tend to have fewer children.

Furthermore, the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) in Bangladesh is higher than that of Pakistan. CPR measures the percentage of married or in-union women aged 15 to 49 who are using, or whose sexual partner is using, any method of contraception. Bangladesh's CPR stands at 65.0%, while Pakistan's CPR is 34.1%. This substantial variation reflects the disparity in family planning services and awareness between the two countries.

Challenges Posed by Population Growth in Pakistan

Pakistan's rapid population growth has led to various challenges, including increased pressure on resources, inadequate healthcare facilities, and a strain on educational institutions ― overcrowded classrooms and insufficient resources hinder the delivery of quality education. The demand for food, water, housing, and energy has surged, leading to resource scarcity and environmental degradation.

The healthcare system faces difficulties in providing quality services to the growing population. Maternal and child mortality rates remain high, and the burden of disease has intensified.

Causes of high population growth in Pakistan

Lack of family planning and birth control The lack of sufficient family planning and birth control measures stands as a significant factor contributing to the country's rapid population growth. A prevalent issue, particularly in rural areas, is the limited awareness and reluctance to adopt modern contraceptive methods. As a result, many families have larger numbers of children than they can adequately support. The absence of accessible family planning services and comprehensive education on reproductive health leads to unintended pregnancies and exacerbates the strain on resources, healthcare, and education systems. Empowering individuals with the knowledge and tools to make informed decisions about family planning will not only help curb the population growth but also improve the overall well-being and prosperity of Pakistan's communities.

High infant mortality rate: Historically, Pakistan has grappled with high infant mortality rates, primarily attributed to limited access to adequate healthcare and sanitation facilities. This unfortunate reality compelled families to have larger numbers of children, as they hoped some would survive to adulthood. While progress has been made in recent years to improve healthcare and reduce infant mortality, this past reality continues to influence population growth patterns. The fear of losing children at a young age still resonates with many families, leading to a preference for larger family sizes as a form of insurance against the uncertainties of infant survival. By ensuring better survival prospects for infants, Pakistan can gradually shift towards a more sustainable population growth trajectory.

Low literacy rate and education: The persistently low literacy rate, particularly among women, plays a significant role in driving higher population growth. The lack of access to education limits individuals' understanding of the importance of family planning and reproductive health. Educated individuals are more likely to comprehend the benefits of smaller family sizes, leading to informed decisions about family planning and birth control. However, the prevailing educational disparities, particularly in rural and marginalised communities, hinder the dissemination of crucial information about reproductive health and family planning. Empowering both men and women with education and knowledge is essential to breaking the cycle of high population growth. By investing in quality education, promoting gender equality, and advocating for comprehensive reproductive health education, Pakistan can pave the way for a more informed and empowered society, contributing to sustainable population management and overall development.

Social and cultural norms: Social and cultural norms have a profound impact on shaping reproductive behaviours, particularly in certain communities where having many children is seen as a symbol of prestige and family honor. These deep-rooted traditions often prioritise larger family sizes, perpetuating the notion that having numerous children signifies prosperity and social standing. Consequently, there is limited acceptance and understanding of family planning methods within these communities. Challenging these norms requires sensitively addressing cultural beliefs and engaging community leaders to promote awareness about the benefits of smaller family sizes and comprehensive family planning. Encouraging open dialogues about reproductive health and breaking the stigma surrounding birth control can empower individuals to make informed choices about their family size, contributing to a more sustainable population growth in Pakistan. By combining culturally sensitive approaches with education and advocacy, the nation can gradually shift away from excessive population growth and foster a society where reproductive decisions are based on informed choices rather than social pressures.

Religious beliefs and practices: In Pakistan, religious beliefs and practices play a significant role in influencing population growth. As a country where religion holds immense significance in the lives of its people, certain interpretations of religious teachings may encourage larger families. Some religious beliefs emphasise the importance of procreation and view children as a blessing and a source of divine favor. Consequently, these interpretations may contribute to a cultural preference for larger family sizes within religious communities. It is essential to recognise the sensitivity of religious beliefs and engage in constructive dialogues to promote understanding about family planning and reproductive health. By fostering a balanced approach that respects religious values while also advocating for informed reproductive choices, Pakistan can work towards addressing population growth in a way that is culturally respectful and sustainable. Education and awareness campaigns can play a crucial role in highlighting the importance of family planning and empowering individuals to make decisions that align with their religious beliefs and personal circumstances.

Effects of high population growth

The rapid increase in population has various consequences for Pakistan:

Pressure on resources With expanding population, the demand for essential resources such as water, food, and energy has reached unprecedented levels, exerting immense strain on the country's already limited natural reserves. The growing needs of its people are putting a considerable burden on the infrastructure and the environment, threatening the sustainability and equilibrium of vital ecosystems.

Unemployment and poverty The challenge of high population growth exacerbates the pressing issues of unemployment and poverty. With a rapidly expanding workforce, the economy finds it increasingly difficult to generate enough jobs to accommodate the influx of job seekers. As a result, unemployment rates soar, leaving a significant portion of the population struggling to secure stable and dignified livelihoods. The lack of employment opportunities directly contributes to the persistence of poverty, trapping many individuals and families in a cycle of economic hardship.

Strain on healthcare and education The escalating population places considerable strain on the healthcare system and education infrastructure, posing significant challenges in providing essential services to all citizens. As the population expands, the demand for healthcare services increases, stretching the already limited resources and facilities to their limits. Access to quality healthcare becomes more difficult for many, particularly in remote and underserved areas, leading to disparities in healthcare outcomes. Similarly, the education sector faces similar challenges, with a surge in the number of students overwhelming schools and colleges. As a result, maintaining the standard of education becomes a daunting task, hindering the country's ability to provide equal educational opportunities to all.

Environmental impact The mounting population has significant environmental implications, giving rise to increased waste generation and pollution, which, in turn, exacerbates environmental degradation and contributes to the effects of climate change. With more people producing waste and demanding resources, the pressure on natural ecosystems intensifies. Improper waste management practices strain the environment, as landfills overflow and pollution contaminate air, water, and soil.

The accelerated pace of urbanisation further encroaches on green spaces and exacerbates deforestation, threatening biodiversity and ecological balance. Moreover, the escalating emissions from industries, transportation, and energy consumption contribute to climate change, resulting in extreme weather events, erratic rainfall patterns, and rising temperatures. Addressing these environmental challenges requires a concerted effort from the government, industries, and individuals to adopt sustainable practices, promote renewable energy, implement effective waste management systems, and foster environmental awareness and conservation efforts to safeguard Pakistan's natural heritage for future generations.

Policies to counteract underlying causes of high population growth in Pakistan

Family planning and awareness programmes: To control population growth effectively, Pakistan must prioritize family planning and create awareness about its benefits. Family planning allows individuals to make informed choices regarding the number and spacing of their children, leading to healthier and more sustainable families.

Educational campaigns on family planning, contraception, and reproductive health should be promoted through various media platforms and community outreach programs. Engaging religious leaders and influencers in these campaigns can help dispel misconceptions and myths surrounding family planning methods.

Women empowerment and reproductive rights: When women are educated, financially independent, and have access to reproductive healthcare, they can make informed decisions about their reproductive choices. Investing in women's education and healthcare is an investment in the future of the country. Furthermore, ensuring women's reproductive rights is essential for population control. Women should have the right to decide when and how many children they want to have, empowering them to break free from traditional norms and achieve their aspirations.

Healthcare and child mortality: Pakistan must invest in improving healthcare infrastructure, ensuring access to quality healthcare services for all citizens, especially in rural areas. Reducing child mortality rates is directly linked to population control. When families are assured of their children's survival, they are more likely to have fewer children. Pakistan can learn from Bangladesh's successful efforts in reducing child mortality and implement similar strategies to achieve positive outcomes.

Economic implications of population growth: Population growth has significant economic implications for Pakistan. A rapidly growing population poses challenges to economic development, as the demand for jobs and resources increases. Investing in education, skill development, and job creation is essential to harnessing the demographic dividend.

Urbanisation and rural development: Balancing urban and rural development is crucial to controlling population growth. Providing adequate opportunities and facilities in rural areas can discourage mass migration to urban centers. This balanced approach ensures that resources are distributed more equitably, leading to a more stable population growth pattern.

The take home

Knowledge holds the key to recognising the severity of Pakistan's population challenge and aiding the government in tackling this critical issue. Women's empowerment emerges as a potent force in curbing population growth rates, while raising literacy levels is crucial to achieving our population control goals. Singapore and China's successful adoption of two-child and one-child policies offer valuable lessons. To combat poverty, disparity, and other pressing problems, Pakistan must prioritise population regulation as the initial step. Meaningful discussions on family planning are imperative. Our resources are depleting, cities overcrowded and polluted, and the environment deteriorating. Pakistan's multiple woes, from poverty to climate change, are exacerbated by unchecked population growth. We must act now to unlock Pakistan's potential and address the social and economic challenges that lie ahead.

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Population Growth: Implications for Human Development

September 2, 2019.

Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world with its population estimated at 207.8 million in 2017. Its population growth rate of 2.40 percent is the highest in South Asia and stands in sharp contrast to the 1.0–1.5 percent growth rate of other South Asian countries. Pakistan's population has increased by more than six-folds since the first post-independence census held in 1951. This massive growth in population possesses serious challenges for the country's socio-economic development.

The high growth in population could be attributed to a number of factors. Pakistan has the lowest contraceptive prevalence rate in South Asia, which has stagnated at 35 percent over the last couple of years. One in five married women in Pakistan are unable to access effective methods of family planning if they want to avoid pregnancy and plan the number and spacing of children. Low contraceptive prevalence may be further attributed to weak service delivery systems and markets and cultural norms.

Between 1993 to 1998, Pakistan ran a successful family planning programme which was instrumental in reducing fertility rates and increasing contraceptive prevalence. The key element of the programme was the recruitment of trained Lady Health Workers (LHW) to provide primary health care and family planning services to women at community level. The LHW were pivotal in expanding family planning services to the poor and educating them on the available methods. However, from 2000 onwards, successive governments' attention to family planning programmes started to reduce.

However, it is encouraging to note that population and family planning is now again getting space on the government's policy agenda. The Federal Government has constituted a Task Force on Population and Family Planning to develop a strategy for controlling population growth and guiding its implementation. The Task Force, headed by the Prime Minister which includes all provincial Chief Ministers as members, is working towards three key targets; increasing contraceptive prevalence rate to 55 percent, reducing fertility rate from 3.6 births per woman to 2.1, and decreasing population growth rate to 1.5 percent. Given the devolved governance structure in Pakistan, the inclusion of Chief Ministers in the Task Force is key to implementing a coordinated and comprehensive family planning programme.

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Many analysts describe Pakistan’s population condition as a “ticking time bomb” that could explode at any time creating a widespread disaster in the country. Some argue against it and believe that the population growth rate could be exploited to stimulate the ailing economy.

As per the first post-independence population census in 1951, Pakistan’s population stood at 34 million. It became 132 million in 1998, an increase of around 100 million in less than 50 years period. In 2017, the population turned out to be a whopping 208 million, making it the fifth most populous country in the world. If Pakistan continues to add the numbers at the present growth rate, which is 2.4 per cent, the UN estimates that its population will exceed 450 million by 2050. Undoubtedly, the situation is a disaster in making.

Pakistan’s economy does not have capacity to absorb the potential of growing population. It is not in a position to create job opportunities for the growing youth and provide them adequate resources. Many challenges are associated with the rapid rise of population in Pakistan.

Firstly, youth unemployment is the most pressing issue linked to the enormous population growth in Pakistan. According to the State Bank, 1.8 million people enter the labor market annually in Pakistan. The country needs an economic growth rate of at least 7 per cent to create job opportunities for them. However, at present, the economy remains sluggish. According to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS), Pakistan’s unemployment rate jumped from 5.8 per cent in 2017-18 to 6.9 per cent in 2018-19. It will keep accumulating if the prevailing economic situation is not improved.

Secondly, the youth unemployment results in the political instability and civil conflicts. The country like Pakistan, having 60 per cent population below the age 30 is more prone to it. The prolong unemployment fuels frustration among the youth. According to the report of Population Action International, between 1970 and 1999, 80 per cent of civil conflicts occurred in countries where 60 per cent of the population or more were under the age of thirty. Undoubtedly, these were youth who supported Imran Khan in 2018 General Elections with a hope that he would bring some change and improve their condition. Now the same youth have turned against him for increasing inflation and delivering poor economic performance. If the situation prevails, Pakistan would soon see a revolution lead by the young people.

Thirdly, the most pressing and immediate risk associated with Pakistan’s population growth, as explained by many experts, is youth radicalization. In the country like Pakistan where the state, from the beginning, adopted a soft rhetoric for the outfits and Madrassas involving in spreading extremism and indirectly sponsored so called Kashmiri freedom fighters and Afghan Taliban, the risk is having a multiplier factor. There are many examples where parents, owing to impoverished backgrounds, sent their children to Madrassas to get free meal and accommodations, came to know later when their sons were used as suicide bombers. It is overpopulation of youth combined with poverty and shrinking economic opportunities that create a fertile ground for the militant groups to attract youth for their dangerous ambitions.

Fourthly, the rapid rise in population causes urbanization, which eventually leads to the environmental degradation. The unemployed youth from the countryside move to the cities for the employment opportunities. At present, many environmental challenges confronting Pakistan such as climate change, deforestation, pollution and waste management are directly linked to the rising population. For instance, in many major cities, the new housing societies are constructed on the either agricultural lands or green belts disturbing the natural eco-system. Already Pakistan is the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and the rapid urbanization will contribute as the problem multiplier.

Finally, the population growth creates a burden on the already limited resources of Pakistan like water, food, electricity, natural gas and so on. Crises of these resources currently confronting Pakistan are rightly attributed to rising population density. The present water crisis in the country is also linked to the rising population. For instance, in 1947, Pakistan was a water happy country with per capita availability of water stood at 5700 cubic meter. It was because the population of the country was hardly 32 million. In 1994, it became a water scarce country with per capita availability of water becoming 1700 cubic meter because the population rose to around 132 million. In 2013, Pakistan became a water shortage country with per capita availability of the water reaching around 1000 cubic feet. The same is the condition with almost all the other resources.

Certain quarters claim that Pakistan’s population growth rate can be exploited to speed up economic development by properly educating the youth and absorbing them in the labor market. They are right to the certain extent.

The population of any country is divided into three wide categories namely young, working class (15 to 64) and old. The working-class population is considered an asset because it generates wealth and directly contributes to the uplift of the economy. The young and old class is considered liability as they consume more and produce none. Fortunately, Pakistan’s population is consisting of around 60 per cent working class. The young people in Pakistan are entering in a labor market at the time when the numbers of working-class are declining in the developed states.

Pakistan can export the young labor in the international market to increase remittances. At present, Pakistan receives only about $19 billion remittance annually as compared to India’s $87 billion and Bangladesh’s $25 billion. According to Shahid Javed Burki, Pakistan can generate $20 billion in export revenue from IT sector alone. Luckily, although, Pakistan overall literacy rate is around 58 per cent, it is 67 per cent in the young population.

Pakistan can exploit its youth population as an asset. The annual addition of population of Pakistan is 4.4 million, which is equivalent to 40 small countries of the world. Besides, in every 34 people in the World, one is Pakistani. According to one estimate, over the next two decades, Pakistan and Bangladesh alone will constitute nearly one-eighth of the world’s manpower growth.

To reap the dividend from the youth bulge, it is imperative for the country to provide the young generation a decent education and impart them some skills improvement training to make them competitive for the global market. The government must also try to improve its image in the international market by showing zero tolerance for the extremism and terrorism and cooperating with the global countries in almost all the issues. Thus, the growing population can be dividend or liability depends upon the management of the country.

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Essay on “Population explosion in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, and All Judiciary Examinations

November 21, 2021
Essay for CSS PMS and Judiciary Exam

This is an essay on “Population explosion in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, and All Judiciary examinations. Increasing Population is a serious issue in today’s modern world. It can result from an increase in births, a decline in the mortality rate, an increase in immigration, or a depletion of resources. So here is a complete essay on the topic of “population explosion in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, and All Judiciary Examinations.

In this essay, you will learn about the causes of the Population explosion in Pakistan, the effects of population, and various measures to stop population.

Essay on “Population Explosion in Pakistan”

Population in the world.

Conditions in Pakistan

Population table

Better medical facility

Lack of education, lack of planning of the government as per the resources, the desire for a male child, early marriages, abundant food resources, effect on economic growth.

Problems in urban cities like Karachi

Effect on agriculture

Urbanization, social evils, role of media, role of a religious scholar, education for all, resources as well as population.

Chinese model

Essay on “Population explosion in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, and All Judiciary Examinations

Conditions in pakistan and population table.

At the time of partition, the area, which today comprises Pakistan, had a population of 33 million. The following table shows the population of Pakistan at different times since its inception.

According to experts, under the same growth rate, the population of Pakistan would be greater than that of China by the year 2035.

Even after sixty-four years of its independence, Pakistan is still struggling to find a respectable place in the comity of nations. All the efforts made in the past seem to have gone in vain. Every sector of life today tells a sorry tale. The problem that could be blamed for all this sorry mess is overpopulation in the country. Overpopulation emerges as the main villain in Pakistan for a number of reasons. Every other problem mentioned earlier seems to have grown from the. demon of this overpopulation.

Literally speaking, overpopulation arises when the resources in a country fall short of meeting the needs of its people. A number of factors could lead to the emergence of overpopulation. Birth rate 1s the most common indicator that the countries today use to keep a check on population. Pakistan today suffers from a high birth rate in the country. But the birth rate was high even in the past and still, overpopulation was nowhere to be seen. What factors today have translated the high birth rate into overpopulation? The advancements in the medical field have led to a sharp decline in the death rate.

The life expectancy has increased due to the use of imported health technologies. So, a decline in the death rate has in other words led to the problem of overpopulation. Pakistan is a developing country and like many others like it is trying hard to survive in the capitalist world. A huge population of around eighteen crores, that could have been an asset to the country is today a huge liability. Fast increasing population is thus a source of constant danger for Pakistan .

Following is a brief discussion of some of the causes of overpopulation in our country:

Warm climate (puberty attained by females at an early age)
Joint family systems
Lack of recreational facilities
The belief that God is ‘Raziq’ (the belief that every child brings its food with him/her)
Love for male issues (couple going for more babies)
Illiteracy, people think that more children mean more working hands

There are three main causes of overpopulation. The first and second are linked to the advancement of medicine and public health, while the third is related to food distribution. Even though these are the main causes today, more causes can come about in the future.

First is the understanding of diseases and the use of medicine. Before the realization of the germ theory, many individuals did not know that diseases were spread through germs such as bacteria and viruses. With the adoption of these practices, humans were able to understand that germs caused these diseases and could be countered through practices such as medicine and vaccinations. With this new knowledge, death rates plummeted and new health practices relating to child birth helped improve birth rates.

Illiteracy is another important cause of overpopulation. That lacking education fails to understand the need to prevent excessive growth of population. They are unable to understand the harmful effects that overpopulation has. They are unaware of the ways to control the population. Lack of family planning is commonly seen in the illiterate lot of the world. This is one of the major factors leading to overpopulation. Due to ignorance, they do not take to family planning measures, thus contributing to a rise in population.

In Pakistan rural areas there is a trend of a large number of families and due to lack of awareness and proper knowledge people go on producing more and more children. So this trend could be changed if education will be provided to all members of society.

We think that we are progressing and adopting new values and trends but this is really not true and this is a fact that parents prefer boys over girls and consider their son as their future asserts. Who can support them later in life? So the desire for a male child is also the main reason for population growth in a society like Pakistan. So if we want to control the rising population so we should consider boys and girls like the same and value them. If this thing will be included in our thinking that girls also support their parents so this will discourage the practice of producing more and more children just for the desire of the male child.

Early marriage is also the main reason for the increase in population growth. As soon the girl grows parents start thinking about their marriages and when they find the reasonable proposal for them so they are in a hurry that they should get married and leave their education. Early marriages really contribute to rising in population growth and if we want to control it then early marriages should be avoided and education can help in delaying the age of marriage of the girls.

Next is the vast improvement of public health. Public health refers to the acquisition of three basic needs humans need: food, shelter, and water. For example, since the creation of plumbing, individuals have had the opportunity of accessing water. Another is the improvement of shelters which also allow humans to survive for longer periods.

Another is the improvement of food distribution. It is amazing to think that food can be transported all over the world and combined with preservation services, such as canned food, certain food can last forever. The improvement of food distribution bad ended the worries of starvation in many regions of the world; however, certain regions (such as parts of Africa) still exhibit famines from the lack of food.

Now let’s talk about some severe effects of population:

Overpopulation has badly hampered the economic growth in the country. The high population is responsible for a decline in per capita income. This leads to a decline in the 9urchasing power of the people. As the demand for goods decreases then “Demand & Supply” lack the investment in the country will also suffer. Such a stagnant economy will lead to the closing of factories and businesses and in return add to joblessness and poverty.

Even if the country somehow is successful in attracting foreign investment, still overpopulation will not allow these investments to have a positive effect on the country’s economy. A greater population means more hungry souls to feed. With the number of productive earning members in a family small compared to unproductive members, there is felt a drag on the limited income of poor families. This is the problem of the “Dependency ratio” which is acutely felt in poor countries.

For years, social services in the country have suffered even after sincere efforts by successive governments. The fact remains that more schools, hospitals, and parks are of little comfort if the the population keeps on increasing at an alarming rate.

Agriculture is another sector, which has been adversely affected by the rapid increase in population. About 70% of Pakistan’s population is employed in the agricultural sector. Overpopulation is even having an adverse effect on agricultural outcomes. More population means smaller farms, and that leads to a decline in productivity. Availability of cultivable land in 1990 was 0.17 hector per person and the estimated availability of cultivable land by the year 2025 will be 0.07 hector per person. The same would happen with the forests and also with the availability of freshwater.

People having smaller farms have no other choice but to migrate in the hope of a better life . This leads to urbanization, which itself is a major social problem .

Overpopulation has contributed to an increase in the number of social evils. Lawlessness, crime, and corruption are all the result of the population explosion. The fight over resources has divided the society into two groups i.e. those who have all and are not willing to share it and the second group that is fighting for its mere survival. This fight between haves and have-nots has the inherent seeds of conflict in it, which if erupted could imperil the peace and order in the society.

Overpopulation in cities has also contributed to toxic pollution. A greater number of vehicles on the roads mean the availability of large quantities of poisonous gas for people to inhale. Sewage problems and lack of clean drinking water can also be attributed to the population problem.

The world has touched the seven billion mark in population. After years of industrialization and technological advances, the world still suffers in providing basic necessities to the masses. Apart from a few exceptions in Europe having a negative birth rate, overpopulation is a common problem of many nations around the world.

Many of the countries have tried hard and to some extent, they have been successful. China, around three decades ago, was facing shortages in food but today it is the largest growing economy in the world. The “One Child Policy” has done wonders for this new economic power. China has also proved the fact that through proper planning a huge population could be transformed into an economic asset.

Solution for Population Explosion in Pakistan

Now the question arises of how we can tackle this problem. So for this here are some of the solutions.

It is the right time that we nip the evil in the bud with proper planning. Education is the key to success against the menace of overpopulation. It will not only generate awareness against the hazards of overpopulation among the masses but will also create a healthy environment for birth control methods to flourish. The poor literacy rate in Pakistan is certainly adding to the difficulties, already being faced by the health workers in their fight against the problem.

The role of media is also an important factor. With most of the population, illiterate electronic media could prove to be a huge success in getting the message across. Print media too needs to emphasize the problems of overpopulation on a more regular basis. Availability of birth control. methods in the remote areas of the country should be ensured. The role of lady health workers should be expanded and the good office of every union council should make their supervision compulsory.

“Devolution Plan” was devised to make the participation of people at the grassroots level. Now it is time we solved the problem of overpopulation with greater participation and support from these local councils. But this task will be not as easy to accomplish, as it may appear to be.

According to a report by Population Action International Washington, a great reason for the population increase in Pakistan is that the Government has made a very insignificant investment in the social sector owing to religious problems and secondly women having no say and freedom. A conservative society like ours is certainly not ripe to carry out a war against overpopulation. Therefore, the role of religious leaders emerges as an important aspect if we are to succeed against this menace. Big landowners,s in rural areas too can influence the masses. It is high time they joined in against the fight for a better future.

Once these two classes are on the side of the government, there is no way that the government will not be able to solve the problem. Another factor that has for long proven to be a hurdle in solving the population problems is the poor state of our womenfolk in society. The rights of women must be restored and the discrimination against them must be stopped. In this context, Anti-Women Practices Bill was recently passed on Nov 16, 2011.

Many women in the country are aware of the problems generated by having large families but they.have little say in deciding about the strength of the family. ln a male-dominated society like ours women often falls victim to the blind wishes of their male partners. Women often die in labor and owing to the lack of gaps between successive births. Their health also deteriorates to an alarming stage.

Following recommendations can be implemented in order to control the population:

Family planning facilities be made a part of health facilities,
There should be a greater role for local and provincial governments
Role of NGOs and doctors in the disbursement of Aid received for family panning
Males should be urged to cooperate more
Status of women to be raised in society as done by the present government by giving more seats in assemblies
Better health and educational facilities for women
The issue to be taken as a national crisis
Role of media to be encouraged especially in rural areas
Government programs should involve Ulemas and NGOs
Greater participation of landlords

The problem of overpopulation is very serious because it leads to frustration, which means chaos. Chaos means anarchy and anarchy endangers the state.

Pakistan is today standing at a crossroads. It will either perish forever or will emerge as a stronger nation. What is needed is a vision and a sincere leadership that could transform dreams into reality. The problem of overpopulation has now started to haunt us and unless we tackle it pragmatically our dream of a bright and glorious future will just remain a pious wish. It needs a multipronged attack to deal with overpopulation.

A strong Pakistan should be our first priority and if we have to make certain hard decisions for its accomplishment no one should hesitate to lead and pull the trigger. Indeed, Pakistan comes first even before our personal vested interests.

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Current and Future Population Problems in Pakistan Cause and Effect Essay

Introduction, current population problems in pakistan, causes of population problems, solutions to the population problems in pakistan, future population problems in pakistan, strategies to avoid future population problems, works cited.

Economic analysts and their political counterparts are yet to concur on the truth of the allegations by the Population Association of Pakistan that effective population control measures have been put in place to reduce the population problems in Pakistan.

Despite the slight decline in the total fertility of Pakistan since the start of this decade, the country still remains one of the most fertile countries in the whole world. Some demographers have associated this decline with the increasing use of methods of contraception in limiting fertility but there still exists a considerable controversy regarding the effectiveness and contribution of contraception in the relatively lower fertility rates seen in Pakistan as this decade ends.

Despite the aforementioned decline in the fertility rate of Pakistan, the country still experiences insurmountable population related-problems and stakeholders have been struggling to find an amicable solution to the problem. The future of Pakistan population therefore depends on the measures that the government and other stakeholders will take to curb the problem. Otherwise, the predictions of future population in Pakistan based on trends in the past and the present are shocking.

If nothing much is done from now on, Pakistan is expected to be one of the three most populated countries in the whole world. This paper investigates the population problem in Pakistan by suggesting the possible reasons for the current population trends, the effects they have on the country, possible solutions to the prevailing population problems and future predictions of population in Pakistan and its implications.

Pakistan’s total population was more than 180 million in the year 2009 with a total fertility rate of 4.0 in the same year (Sathar 7). This can be considered to be exponential population growth if compared to the 1947 figure for total population of 33 million. Currently, more than three million children are born each year adding more people to the already unsustainable population.

Pakistan is currently the second largest contributor to global population after India. The country is estimated to currently have a population of more than 170, 000 and the current population growth rate is believed to be currently standing at a figure above 1.5% (Sathar 8). In addition to the large population that Pakistan has, it is characterized with the fastest rate of urbanization with more than 35% of its total population living in urban areas (Sathar 3).

The above mentioned population problems coupled with problems brought about by urbanization have made Pakistan to be among the countries that are most affected by population growth. This is because, large population and rapid population growth has brought problems in virtually all realms of life in this country. Examples of such problems include poverty, unemployment, political instability, illiteracy, terrorism and religious extremism etc.

Poverty is believed to have increased by 10% in the past decade hitting a total of 40% of total population (Sathar 3). This means that 40% of Pakistan residents live below the poverty line (Sathar 3). It is also estimated that virtually a half of the population in Pakistan is illiterate. This implies that in the future, poverty and child labor are expected to increase since education is the only tool that can be used to predict a better future for these people.

Additionally, those in the elite class have only acquired minimal education and they are unable to bring innovative ideas to the country. The country is thus painfully slow in its adoption of new technologies and ideas. This has led to economic degeneration and the country is, seemingly, unable to come up with measures to counteract the effects that large population size has had on its economy. The country as also suffered significant corruption and political instability due to its system of using establishments in organizations.

The country has also experienced an establishment of criminal and terrorist networks that have made it fail to qualify for investments and tourism. This is mainly due to the religious fanatics that make the most of Pakistan population. This is very unfortunate for Pakistan especially considering the fact that other countries like China are getting billions of dollars in form of foreign investment while other small countries like Philippines have a substantial amount of tourism activity and foreign investments.

Given the repercussions that these problems have had on the population of Pakistan, there is need to look into the causes of population growth and the cause of such problems in order to form effective policies that will help to end these problems. The discussion below investigates the root cause of the problems that Pakistan if facing and suggests a number of solutions that can be implemented to reduce the effects these problems have had on the people of Pakistan.

The main reason why Pakistan is facing the above mentioned problems is due to the inability of the government and the population of Pakistan to effectively reduce their population growth rate.

Therefore, the main causes of the problem are the causes of inefficiency in combating population growth. The stated inability of the government and the Pakistan population to reduce their rate of population growth is due to their lack of effectiveness in implementing family planning programmes which were started in this country in the 1950’s (Hagen 1).

The stated planning programmes failed in Pakistan because of a weakness in the administrative structure these programmes were subjected to. It can be deduced from the failure of these programmes that the government did not adequately educate the public about the crucial importance of family planning and the grave repercussions of ignorance of the same.

The government therefore needs to engage itself in public awareness campaigns aimed at educating the public about the importance of small families. The government also needs to be vigilant to identify populist politicians and deal with them accordingly before they derail efforts to educate the public and eventually reduce the population growth rates.

Despite the fact that Pakistan started fighting its population growth in the 1950’s with the implementation of population control programmes, nothing much has been achieved since then.

In comparison with other countries like Bangladesh and Iran, where family planning programmes like the use of contraceptives had a dramatic effect, Pakistan has not been serious with their family planning programmes. This is because Iran started its family programme in the 1980’s while Bangladesh started their in the 1970’s and both countries realized exponential declines their fertility rates unlike Pakistan (Hagen 1).

The people of Pakistan also have a role to play in the fight against population growth. They should listen to the government and ensure that they follow the instructions they are given in order to reduce their fertility rates. This is because one of the main reasons why family planning has been ineffective in this country is the fact that the citizens of this country cling to the religious and cultural values such that they forget to mind about their welfare.

For instance, it is a religious belief in Pakistan that engaging in family planning practices is going against the will of God (Hagen 1). The ineffectiveness of family planning programmes caused by these beliefs has been the reason why population in Pakistan is always growing and bringing the myriad of problems stated in the discussion above.

In order to effectively combat the population problem in Pakistan, there is need for a coherent approach aimed at removing the socio-cultural and religious stigma attached to the fight against population growth. This will help to prepare the people in Pakistan for a change to their normal life in order to achieve a productive change in the growth rate of their population.

There is also the need for implementation of a service delivery plan bound to achieve effective results throughout the entire country. The service delivery plan should be structured such that every Pakistan citizen who needs to plan his/her family will be able to access the necessary services. This is because it will be pointless to run advertisements on the television if there are no effective networks of workers on the ground to provide effective information and if there are no outreach activities (Sathar 4).

Up to today, the main reason for the failure of family planning programmes is the lack of political commitment to the issue and the lack of continuity of efforts after political transitions. If the prevailing lack of commitment to this important issue remains, change will always be evasive and Pakistan will continue to suffer the problems it currently suffers.

The government can also launch a programme to mitigate the effects that high population growth rates have had on the country by diverting some resources to alleviation of poverty, investing in agricultural activities to feed its citizens by increasing food security and coming up with policies to avoid formation of poor urban areas that increase poverty and crime.

To achieve this objective, the government needs to be objective since it has limited resources. For instance, to increase food security, the government may invest negligible resources in environmental conservation campaigns that will automatically lead to more agricultural activities. On the other hand, the government could alleviate poverty by subsidizing activities that lead to provision of food and educating the public on viable methods of investment.

If the prevailing population growth rate in Pakistan, 2.1 percent per year, persists, Pakistan is expected to have a population of between 220 million and 250 million between the years 2020 and 2025 (Hagen 1). This will inevitably be coupled with indicators of poor human development which include low rates of economic growth, high rates of infant mortality and an amazing decline in the levels of literacy in the country.

All these poor human development indicators will be partly or fully brought by the uncontrolled population growth. It is thus deducible that a the predicted population will be very effective in undermining poverty alleviation efforts and the efforts being taken in the country to improve the standard under which the country’s population live by provision of basic necessities like water, electricity and the like.

During the same five-year period, the total fertility rate, the infant mortality rate, the crude death rate and the crude birth rate are expected to reduce to figures close to 2.7, 42.2, 5.6, and 21.4 respectively (Sathar 7). The population growth rate is also expected to reduce to 1.52 while the life expectancy of the population will be close to 72 years (Sathar 9).

The discussion above implies that there will be no pronounced effect of the drop in the population growth rate since the life expectancy has increased and the negligible increase in population growth rate will be neutralized by the aging population to keep population problems virtually constant.

This stresses the highly needed commitment to contraceptive methods and other population control methods in order to reduce the population growth rate substantially. It is only when a major reduction in the rate of population growth will be realized that we can be hopeful that population problems in Pakistan will reduce in the future.

Due to the above stated concern, the government of Pakistan has come up with population reduction policies aimed at gradually reducing the population growth rate. The government priority among its policies is the attainment of ensuring that, ten years from now, it will reach the replacement fertility level.

The above paragraph describes the intention of the government of Pakistan to reach a replacement fertility level in the year 2020 (Hagen 1). This is just a statement of what the government desires to do and without proper planning and commitment to the programmes concerned, the gravely desired decrease in the population of Pakistan will forever remain evasive.

The government of Pakistan therefore needs to integrate awareness programs with proper service delivery programs in a bid to be assured of improving the population situation in their country substantially.

The awareness programs should be aimed at ensuring that every Pakistan citizen understands that smaller families are better than larger families and helping every Pakistan citizen break cultural and social chains tying them to high fertility. The programme should be implemented to touch every part of the country and it should run for as long as the government will be assured that a family planning program will achieve substantial results.

The government should thus dedicate the minimal resources it has in this program and ensure the effectiveness of a family planning programme (Sathar 3). On the other hand, the family planning programme should be such that there is an efficient network of service delivery centers throughout the country to ensure that every part of the country participates in the efforts to reduce the population of the country.

There is also the need for the Pakistan government and public to begin realizing the importance of literacy to the alleviation of population related problem. It can, in fact, be argued that high fertility problems and problems encountered in implementing family planning programmes are due to the high level of illiteracy in the country.

If the government and its people prioritize improvement of education institutions, there can be a guarantee that the population problem and some of its resultant effects will reduce in the future. It is therefore of essence that, as it implements other solutions, the government considers revolutionizing the education system of the country since this will have positive effects on the problems the country is currently facing.

The Pakistan government and population have encountered insurmountable problems related to their high population growth rates since the fifties. Currently, forty per cent of the people in Pakistan are below the poverty line and illiteracy and low standards of living have engulfed the country’s population for decades.

The Pakistan government and population can no longer be ignorant of the fact that the situation can be improved sacrificing their religious and cultural beliefs to have small families. For instance, if the Pakistan people abandon their belief that family planning amounts to going against the will of God, better results can be seen from family planning efforts and this will substantially reduce the population growth rate.

The government and the population need to realize that small families are needed in order to realize personal and national health. The government therefore needs to develop strategic programmes aimed at creating extensive public awareness that will make the population in Pakistan realize the importance of family planning.

This should be followed by family planning programmes which will definitely have an impact on the population growth rate since the Pakistan population will have gained an understanding of the grave importance of low birth rates. Otherwise, the existing problems of poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, etc will worsen and with time the country will fall under the weight of its sheer population size.

Hagen, Catherine. “ Pakistan Population .” Web.

Sathar, Zeba. “Fertility in Pakistan: Past, Present and Future.” 2001. Web.

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Bibliography

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The Overpopulation Crisis in Pakistan: Impacts, Causes, and Suggestions

Zehra Ramzan
November 16, 2021
CSS , CSS Essays , CSS Solved Pakistan Affairs , Current Affairs , Over-population , Pakistan's Domestic Affairs , Pakistani Society , PMS , PMS Essays , Socio-economic problems
41201 Views

Pakistan faces a major socio-economic predicament due to a rapidly growing population caused by illiteracy, unemployment, patriarchal societal patterns, inept leadership, lack of proper awareness about birth control methods, etc. To circumscribe the overpopulation crisis prevalent in the country, pragmatic and result-driven designated steps ensuring improvement in the literacy rate, employment opportunities for youth, prohibition on child labour practices, efficient family planning programs, etc., are a must.

1. Introduction

2. Current Situation

The current growth rate of the country is close to two per cent (2%)
Nearly sixty per cent of people are under the age of thirty
The population of the country is expected to rise to four hundred million by 2050

3. Impacts of the overpopulation crisis

Lowering the living standard
Giving rise to unemployment
Perpetuating the cycle of poverty
Exhausting natural resources
Destroying country’s economy
Increasing dependence on foreign aids
The breeding dichotomy between classes
Leading to degradation of the environment
The emerging water crisis in the country
Hindering agricultural development

4. Causes of the overpopulation crisis

The poverty in the country
High Illiteracy rate
A patriarchal society
A lack of awareness regarding birth-control
The high immigrant ratio in the country
Unemployment and lack of recreational activities
Conservatism and misinterpretation of religious principles
Technological advancements resulting in other related factors
Polygamy
Government’s inefficient policies

5. Suggestions to curb the overpopulation crisis

To introduce effective family planning programs
To empower women through education
To remove the barriers to birth-control
To put restrictions on child marriages
To make improvements in the health sector
To restraint child labour
To focus on poverty reduction policies
To introduce a proper management system for immigrants and refugees
To encourage the positive role of scholars to propagate the true teachings of Islam
To make contraception available and accessible for all

6. Critical Analysis 7. Conclusion

Introduction

The persistent rise in population, undoubtedly posing a severe challenge to the country’s socio-economic development and advancement, has wreaked havoc on Pakistan’s economic stability and growth. The alarming increase in population causes a considerable strain on the existing resources of the economy. Being a developing country, Pakistan faces a significant social, political, and economic predicament due to the uncontrolled population growth rate. According to the current estimates, Pakistan is the fifth most populous country, with its population estimated at 220.9 million in 2020, pinpointing the fact that the population of the country has increased by more than six-fold since the first post-independence census held in 1951. Accordingly, the unchecked growth of the population needs drastic measures and actions to circumvent its unprecedented expansion. In Third World countries like Pakistan, overpopulation amplifies and afflicts profound suffering to the well-being of people. Therefore, addressing the issue of population explosion and tackling its resultant effects is the immense need of the hour.

The overpopulation crisis has led the country to the brink of an economic explosion. Unsurprisingly, the severity of the issue is taking its foothold with significant negative consequences. According to the recent report, the current growth rate of the population is close to two per cent (2%), making Pakistan have the highest birth rate in South Asia after India, i.e., twenty-two births per thousand people. In contrast, the death rate stands at 7.228 per 1000. According to the United Nations report, due to the high birth rate, its population is expected to rise to 400 million by 2050, doubling its current number. Ironically, the situation has constantly been pulling the country’s youth into the vortex of unemployment, as the people of Pakistan under the age of thirty are about 60 per cent (60%).

Although the repercussions of overpopulation have always been threatening for a developing country, the way the crisis has started impacting Pakistan is scarier. Following are the major impacts, highlighting the severity of the problem in the country.

It is a fact that the standard of living is determined by the per capita income and the economic growth of a country. However, in the present world, the population explosion overpowers every other crisis, particularly in underdeveloped countries; in consequence, it gives rise to an increase in demands for basic provisions of life: food commodities, shelters, and clothes, etc. With the immense population growth, it becomes an arduous task for such a country to create equilibrium in society. Similarly, in Pakistan, an economically struggling nation, the crisis disturbs the standard of life by jolting the demand and supply mechanism. Grievously, the supply cannot be increased due to the lack of cooperating factors: skilled labour, job opportunities, good governance. Further, Pakistan, being an underdeveloped country, faces inflation, which, in turn, increases the cost of living of the people. As per statistics of Trading Economics Global Macro Models, the inflation rate in the country is expected to reach eight percent (8%) by the end of 2021. On the one hand, fewer resources, less drinking water, unmanaged urbanization, and unemployment provoke an increase in the cost of living; on the other hand, only a number of people can fulfil their needs to survive. Hence, population growth curtails the standard of living, but checking population growth can lead to a more balanced society. As aptly said by Dr Umbreen Javaid,

“Growing population size is decreasing the standard of living.” Dr Umbreen Javaid

Moreover, overpopulation severely affects a country by destroying its socio-economic fabric. When an underdeveloped country fails to handle and manage the crises, it, ultimately, seeks help from other countries. Similarly, Pakistan has to depend upon foreign organizations to run its affairs. According to the State Bank of Pakistan, the country’s external debt has reached 116.3 billion (USD) in Mar 2021, an increase of nearly one percent from the previous year. Although the aid fills the investment gap and increases productivity, it is observed that foreign aid does not benefit the country significantly because it is apparent from the dreadful situation of communal sectors, including health care, employment, and education, etc. Moreover, the funding is not interest-free; therefore, it crushes the backbone of an already stagnant economy. Thus, from the above arguments, it can be said that the overpopulation crisis handicaps a country both economically and socially.

Besides that, high population growth seems to be a major contributor to the vicious cycle of poverty in developing economies. People are compelled to spend a significant portion of their income, whatever they earn, on the upbringing of their children. As a result, in Pakistan, savings and capital formation rates remain low, which gives rise to poverty. As per the World Bank estimates, based on the lower-middle-income poverty rate, Pakistan’s poverty rate is 39.3 percent in 2020-21 and is expected to be the same in 2021-22. Furthermore, the decrease in per capita income and increase in the overall price level result in a significant increase in the cost of living, encapsulating the country with poverty. Hence, to curb the menace of poverty, the government must take steps to make improvements in the agricultural and industrial sectors to reduce the shortage of essential commodities, improve the standard of living, and find solutions for mass unemployment. As Ishrat Hussain says,

“The rapid growth of the population is accounting for poverty.” Ishrat Hussain

In addition, the overpopulation crisis in Pakistan is the root cause of the emerging water shortage in the country. The global water crisis report of the United Nations (UN) has placed Pakistan in the fourteenth position among the countries facing extreme water scarcity. Rising population, along with rapid urbanization and climate change, is the cause of the widening gap between water availability and water requirement. In addition, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has placed Pakistan in the third position among the countries facing acute water shortages. Around 80 percent of the people living in 24 major cities of Pakistan do not have access to clean drinking water; in the slums of Karachi, 16 million do not have access to safe drinking water. Thus, the water crisis is a severe consequence of overpopulation in Pakistan, which is to put the country on the verge of an extremely disastrous situation.

Similarly, an explosion in population gives rise to the large number of people coming to the labour market; however, an economically struggling country cannot provide employment to all. As a matter of fact, despite all endeavours towards strategic developments, it is not feasible to employ everyone because the number of job seekers expands exponentially. Likewise, in Pakistan, disguised employment, unemployment, and underemployment are common elements overshadowing the country. As per Statista research, in September 2021, the national unemployment rate is projected at 4.8 percent, and the unemployment rate increases every day. Nearly seven hundred thousand people are unemployed. As a result, the alarming rate of unemployed men and women contributes to rising crimes and social unrest. Therefore, the government must devise policies and introduce a wide range of employment opportunities and, above all, manage the population explosion crisis efficaciously to get rid of the menace. As Andrés Velasco, correctly, states,

“An increase in the size of the population is giving rise to unemployment in a country.” Andrés Velasco

Furthermore, the population explosion affects the per capita income of a country. The high growth rate lowers the per capita income; however, if it is up to the income optimizing level, it increases the same. Accordingly, the economic growth rises, if the rate of population growth is less than the per capita income of the country; whereas, when the population rate exceeds the level of economic growth, mostly observed in the developing nations, per capita income falls. In the same way, being a developing country, Pakistani society faces a downfall in the economy due to the population crisis. As per a research published in the Journal of Economics, a one percent increase in population degrades GDP by 0.33 percent. For instance, food scarcity, caused due to overpopulation and other factors, affects economic development in many aspects. To begin with, a lack of food leads to undernourishment, which reduces people’s productivity. Further, they are forced to import agricultural goods due to a lack of food, putting pressure on their foreign exchange reserves. Hence, the impacts of overpopulation are intertwined and correlated that can be minimized by good governance and pragmatic policies.

In addition, the unequal and unrestricted use of natural resources is another undesirable and detrimental effect of overpopulation. The planet’s capacity to produce raw materials is limited and finite, and the natural deficit, the utilization of resources at a higher rate than the planet’s ability to generate them, approaches earlier each year. Thus, Pakistan, along with other external and internal threats, encounters the shortage and depletion of natural resources. For example, water is a natural resource; however, due to the high population growth rate, only thirty-six percent of the population has access to safe water, a problem likely to get worse in the coming years, as per some authoritative reports. Therefore, the government of Pakistan must make and implement policies to manage resources and create a balance in society. John Muir, the Naturalist and Writer, says,

“Expanding the size of the population is depleting the natural deposits of the world.” John Muir, the Naturalist and Writer

Likewise, in poorly developed countries, most of the people live in rural areas, and they rely on agriculture for their living. But when the rate of population increases, the land-man ratio is disturbed. Likewise, in Pakistan, the rural population is reported at 62.84 percent in 2020, according to the World Bank collection. Accordingly, when the number of masses increases, the per capita availability of land for cultivation declines. As a result, this leads to unemployment and underemployment in the agriculture sector. Moreover, when the population rises, the agricultural land is used to build and develop houses, factories, hospitals, educational institutions, and highways; consequently, the proportion of area available for farming reduces. Thus, the population growth, at an exponential rate, hampers agricultural development and creates many other problems.

Also, overpopulation breeds dichotomy and contempt between the rich and poor. In the world of hustle and competition, everyone desires to lead others and wishes to have a successful life. However, the growing population gives rise to the scarcity of resources, which, in turn, puts a burden on the country’s economy, and a sense of deprivation prevails in the minds of the poor. The non-fulfilment of basic needs propels the poor towards rebellion and criminal activities. Antagonism and conflict arise due to population rise and competition; individualism, the prevalence of self-centred goals and objectives, weakens the solidarity and harmony in society. Hence, one can say that the overpopulation crisis weakens the unity among the people of a nation. As Edward Abbey says,

“A crowded society is a restrictive society; an overcrowded society becomes an authoritarian, repressive and murderous society.” Edward Abbey

Last but not least, the implication of overpopulation can also be seen in the environment. A colossal population affects the environment in two ways. First, the more the people, the rapid the consumption of natural resources, such as land, water, fossil fuels, and minerals; second, the swift the consumption, the more the waste produced, such as air and water pollutants, toxic industrial surplus, climate change, and the release of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In other words, it can be stated that the population explosion in the country accounts for overconsumption of resources; in consequence, the depletion of natural assets takes place, which, in turn, is to degrade the environment by putting extreme strain on both the renewable and non-renewable deposits. As aptly said by Jacques Yves Cousteau,

“Population growth is the primary source of environmental damage.” Jacques Yves Cousteau

There are many factors calling forth the population explosion in Pakistan. First, the role of illiteracy is the cardinal one in this regard. Unless the women are literate, no excessive child-birth control methods and policies can work out. Unfortunately, the education stats from the Economic Survey of Pakistan, conducted in 2017-2018, show that the literacy rate for women in the country is 48 percent, and, for men, it is 70 percent. Keeping in view the fact that education has strong links with the fertility rate of women, the situation becomes grave for the country. A well-educated, learned, informed woman is more receptive to family planning services and other birth control measures than an illiterate, unlearned, unaware woman. Thus, the poor state of women’s education in the country is one of the main culprits behind the high population growth rate. As perfectly said by Akbar Zaidi,

“Overlooking a woman’s education is giving rise to birth rates and population growth.” Akbar Zaidi

Second, poverty is also a leading cause of overpopulation. According to the report launched by the Ministry of Planning, Development, and Reform, nearly thirty-nine percent of people of Pakistan live in multidimensional poverty, the deprivations people experience based on health, education, and standard of living, with FATA and Balochistan having the highest rates of poverty.

Due to the lack of resources and fundamental provisions of life, the poor aspire for more children than the rich because they consider them means of employment. Judith Blake elaborates the fact eloquently; she says: ‘Those in the lowest economic status group desire a large family. This is so because children are regarded as economic assets and security in old age, even though it will mean more mouths to be fed.’ Thus, due to the financial debacle, many families keep adding more children in order to have more helping hands to get them out of poverty. As it is aptly said by Dr Hafeez Pasha,

“Living in poverty is bringing up the overpopulation crisis in a country.” Dr Hafeez Pasha

Third, the patriarchal society adds insult to injury. Although the country has progressed in nearly all fields, a lot of work still has to be done to break the shackles of patriarchy. In most parts of the country, men still dominate women. Ironically, women, who bear the brunt of childbirth, have no say in this regard; whereas, men, who do not even have to go through the cumbersome period of pre-and post-pregnancy, decide how many children they want. Moreover, the never-ending desire for maximum male children also results in excessive childbirths because girls are still not welcomed in many parts of the country. As Prof. Dr Amra Raza says,

“Controlling women and their environment is keeping birth rates high.” Prof. Dr Amra Raza

Fourth, the lack of awareness about excessive childbirth prevention methods is another reason for the monster’s rapid propagation in the country. According to World Health Indicators 2015, Pakistan has a contraceptive use rate of thirty-five percent, the lowest among all its neighbouring countries. One of the principal reasons behind the low CPR is that there is a lot of ambiguity and misconception about contraceptive use and other modern birth control methods. Some people think such treatments make women infertile for good, and others believe these measures cause damage to the recipient. Due to the above-mentioned reasons, women hesitate to undergo any such procedures; as a result, the population growth rate continues to increase. As correctly said by Akbar Zaidi,

“Lacking guidance about birth control measures is calling forth human explosion.” Akbar Zaidi

Fifth, immigration is also a glaring cause of overpopulation in Pakistan. According to UNHCR, the country, at present, hosts nearly 1.4 million registered Afghan refugees despite the tough socio-economic challenges it comes across, which adds up to the population of an already overpopulated country. As a result, the government remains unable to fulfil the necessities of people. In addition, most of the country’s funds are ploughed back to run the affairs of the state with a galloping population; in consequence, a little is left to be spent on its development. Because the country consumes more and saves less due to more people and scarce resources, improving the economy becomes a big hurdle for the government. As Ishrat Hussain, correctly, states,

“Adding up immigrants is fueling the high population growth rate.” Ishrat Hussain

Sixth, conservatism and misinterpretation of religious principles give impetus to the population explosion in Pakistan. Dogmatic and narrow-minded mullahs consider birth control measures against the spirit of Islam. Although Islam is the only religion that has universality, and teachings of Islam are for the needs of people of all the times and places of the world, people tend to interpret Islamic doctrines according to their self-interests. People in Pakistan, especially males, vindicate multiple marriages as a right the religion (Islam) has given to them; however, they do not give ample consideration to the limitations Islam has set for them. Hence, it can be said that a lack of apt elucidation of religious teachings gives rise to the increasing population of the country.

Seventh, unemployment and lack of recreational activities in the country add fuel to the fire. Currently, the number of unemployed people in the country has reached about 6.65 million during the fiscal year 2020-21. Pakistan, being an underdeveloped country, does not have many resources to provide people with business and creative opportunities; impoverished people, deprived of their fundamental provisions of life, give birth to more children so that they can have more earning hands. With scarce resources, people live from hand to mouth. In such a situation where they are lacking their basic necessities, chances of any recreational or enjoyment activities are at a premium. They spend most of their time at home; their life partner is the only source of enjoyment for them. As a result of their companionship, the population growth of the country further increases. As Akbar Zaidi, correctly, says,

“If we have the problem of overpopulation and unemployment at the same time, then things do not add up.” Akbar Zaidi

Eighth, polygamy, having more than one wife at a time, contributes to exponential population growth. One of the commonly held beliefs among Muslims is that God has given the right of polygamy to men; moreover, polygamy is legally permissible in Pakistan, according to the family law of 1961, but it is restricted to some obligations and legal regulations. Pakistan’s family law requires written permission from the first wife to marry again; furthermore, Islam allows multiple marriages to men only if they can be just to each of the women in their partnership. However, many men overlook these obligations, and many women are unaware of their fundamental legal rights. Besides this, polygamists, especially the religious ones, take pride in having a large family; consequently, the prevalent culture of multiple marriages causes an increase in the birth rate and plays a crucial role in population growth in Pakistan.

Ninth, technological advances, enhancing the efficiency of the health sector, have further aggravated the situation. Medical facilities have resulted in an increase in birth rates, coupled with a decline in the death ratio. Besides this, the fertility of women is improved, and the infant mortality rate is reduced; consequently, the number of children born per day surpasses the number of children who die, which further puts a burden on the already exponentially rising population. According to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the number of births per day in Pakistan is nearly sixteen thousand, while the number of deaths per day is approximately four thousand; as a result, a huge difference in population occurs with each passing day. Moreover, there is an exponential growth in life expectancy of both men and women, increasing from 58.54 in 1985 to 67.24 in 2019, according to World Bank reports. Besides this, progress in the field of medical sciences has improved the fertility rate of women, which supports high birth rates. Hence, it can be said that technological innovations have played a crucial role in the rapid growth of the population.

Last, the government’s inefficiency and exiguous policy measures are also the sources of the population explosion in the country. No efficacious steps have been taken by the government to curb the increasing population growth rate in the country. Censuses are conducted after a very long time, showing the neglectful attitude of the authorities towards the crisis. Moreover, no implementation of effective policies to hold back the exponential population growth and create consciousness among the general public exist in the country. Resultantly, Pakistan’s population, nearly 220 million at present, is likely to increase to 245 million by 2030. Pope Benedict XVI says,

“Every state has the primary duty to protect its own population from grave and sustained violations of human rights, as well as, from the consequences of humanitarian crises, whether natural or man-made.” Pope Benedict XVI

As every problem has some solutions, the crisis of population explosion can be circumscribed through efficacious measures. First and foremost, there is a need for an efficient family planning program. One of the cardinal reasons for the failure of the government to reduce the fertility rate in Pakistan has been the lack of an inclusive family planning program. The program should not merely focus on birth control, but it must include planning to improve access to contraceptives and other supplies. In this regard, Pakistan should follow the example of Iran, which, during the 1980s, has provided the supplies and counselling at the doorsteps of people and has effectively reduced its fertility rate from 5 births per woman in the 1980s to 2 in the 1990s. In this way, Pakistan can also make its family planning program more effective.

Moreover, empowering women through education and employment can act as a catalyst in reducing the fertility rate in Pakistan. Illiterate and financially dependent women are unlikely to make decisions for the life of their own or their children. It has been proved through studies that women’s literacy rate is inversely related to their fertility rate. Educated women want fewer children. Moreover, awareness brought by education also decreases the preference for the male child, further diminishing a cause of the increasing population. Therefore, the government of Pakistan should take serious measures for improving female literacy by removing the physical and financial barriers to their access to education. Special focus must be given to the inclusion of more women in the workforce. Hence, empowered women are to bring the desired change in Pakistan. Bill Gates, perfectly, says,

“By improving health, empowering women, population growth comes down.” Bill Gates

Similarly, the usage of modern contraceptives is the dire need to control overpopulation. Contraceptives should be cheap and in reach of all and sundry. They should be available even in remote areas. North America is the only continent where the pill is subsidized everywhere. Despite a financial crisis and a sharp increase in contraceptive prices between 1998 and 2008, Indonesian birth control use rates remained stable. Comparative studies of six African countries stated that the abortion rate increased when access to contraceptives decreased. Therefore, the government should minimize the price of contraceptives so that excessive childbirth in the country can be controlled.

Besides that, practical steps should be taken to remove the social, cultural, and normative barriers to birth control. Most people in Pakistan are reluctant to go for family planning due to their rigid norms and religious beliefs. Acceptance of family planning is a psychological factor that must be dealt with in a similar manner. The awareness programs must include male participation in counselling teams with a focus on changing the mentality that prevents women from birth control. The counselling can also help reduce the fear of side effects by providing people general awareness about their use and effects. Moreover, religious literature can also contribute to changing the beliefs of the people. Special fatwas by ulema in favour of family planning is to help in reducing the misconceptions about family planning. As it is aptly said, “ The change in mindset is a prerequisite for social development.”

Adding more to it, well-educated and erudite scholars can help eliminate the menace of overpopulation. As scholars have thousands of followers, they can rightly expose those so-called mullahs who misguide people by misinterpreting religious teachings and consider family planning an illegal practice. Having a conservative approach towards life, they ask people to avoid birth control practices. They openly declare that the usage of contraceptives is against Islam. Unfortunately, they have forgotten that Islam embraces change, and the doors of Ijtihad are always open in Islam. Therefore, scholars should play their part in propagating the right teachings of Islam.

Another way the population explosion in the country can be circumscribed is through restrictions on child marriages. Surprisingly, early marriage is not just prevalent in Pakistan; it affects millions of children globally. As per the latest UNICEF report, nearly twenty-one percent (21%) of women have been married before the age of eighteen, and around twelve million girls aged under eighteen become child brides each year. In addition to other implications of child marriage, early pregnancy is one of the most critical and harsh repercussions of the ill practice. Therefore, strict implementation of laws prohibiting marriage before eighteen is mandatory because to stop children from becoming victims of forced marriages is to curb the overpopulation crisis. Naeem Mirza, a women’s rights campaigner, says,

“To stop child marriages is to stop a country plunging into a population explosion crisis.” Naeem Mirza, a women’s rights campaigner

In the long run, poverty reduction must be a focus of the policymakers. A reduction in poverty is to reduce the population growth rate. According to studies, the living standard of people has an inverse relationship with the size of their families. People having a satisfactory living standard are likely to be more concerned about their future and have a planned family. On the other hand, poor people who struggle to put food on the table do not care about family planning. Therefore, the government must plan both long and short-term poverty reduction strategies with a special focus on those living below the poverty line.

Furthermore, almost everyone is aware that child labour practices are widespread in the country, and such activities give impetus to the high population growth rate. According to Pakistan’s National Child Labour Survey (1996), among the 40 million children aged between five to fifteen years, about 3.3 million are involved in economic activity. More often than not, poor parents add more members to their family because they believe their children can help them get out of poverty. Such children are never sent to schools, and their childhood is spent making ends meet. Therefore, in order to blow over the overpopulation crisis, restrictions must be imposed on child work. If the government takes strict action against those who employ children, it can save the future of many children and control the high population growth rate issue as well. Dr Umbreen Javaid aptly says,

“To discourage child labour is to bring down the high birth rate.” Dr Umbreen Javaid

Likewise, immigrants and refugees contribute to the population growth of a country. They not only occupy the land but also utilize resources, seek jobs, and become a part of a country. Correspondingly, Pakistan has hosted one of the world’s largest refugee populations since 1980. According to the Migration Data Portal, Pakistan has the world’s fifth-largest refugee population, with over two million registered refugees. Hence, to limit the crisis, the government must formulate inept policies and introduce a proper management system for people gaining shelter in the country. As David R. Brower says,

“Overpopulation is perhaps the biggest problem facing us, and immigration is part of that problem. It has to be addressed.” David R. Brower

Also, overpopulation leads to more exposure and communication between humans and elevates hunger and undernourishment. Moreover, the young, elderly, and reproductive age population need specialized health care. Being a developing country, Pakistan is currently in a phase where the absolute numbers in each age category make providing healthcare a daunting task. There are facilities focusing on the health needs of mother and child, but not a single facility exists in the country that offers specialized geriatric care. Moreover, evidence suggests that taking care of maternal-child health is to have a direct effect on lowering fertility rates. Therefore, improving health services for all, especially children, the elderly, and women of reproductive age, can help create a better environment. As it is aptly said by Albert Einstein,

“Overpopulation in various countries has become a serious threat to the health of people and a grave obstacle to any attempt to organize peace on this planet.” Albert Einstein

Undoubtedly, the rapid rise in the population has become a daunting challenge for the economy of Pakistan. It is a matter of fact the government has turned a blind eye to address the severity of the issue. Unfortunately, Pakistan is one of the oldest countries that has not made any substantial progress in addressing the issue of high population growth. Failure on the part of the government to implement population planning policies is a major reason leading to unchecked population growth. Knowingly, Pakistan always remains the most vulnerable when it comes to the implementation of the policy process. Thus, the consistent rise of the population of Pakistan is nothing short of a ticking bomb engulfing the whole country.

In a nutshell, the alarming rise in population is a significant concern that must be addressed immediately. Pakistan is home to dynamic and diverse people residing across different societies. In this regard, rational and pragmatic actions are needed to slow down its growth. In this instance, Pakistan’s crucial challenge is how effectively it can formulate and implement policies to mitigate the unlikely effects of overpopulation. A government has a pivotal role to play in subsiding the threat of it. Undoubtedly, a successful population control policy can be conducive to dealing with the population explosion in the country. The result of such policy, in turn, leads to better employment opportunities, economic stability, improved security, which contributes to the growth and prosperity of the nation.

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Overpopulation in Pakistan; Causes Consequences and Solutions

January 18, 2023
Overpopulation in Pakistan; Ca ...

Table of Contents

Pakistan is facing a population growth rate that is among the highest in the world. As of 2021, the population of Pakistan is estimated to be around 220 million, and it is projected to continue growing rapidly in the coming years. The country’s high population growth rate is driven by several factors, including a high fertility rate, a young population, and a lack of access to family planning services. Overpopulation in Pakistan has led to a number of challenges, such as increased competition for resources, overburdened infrastructure, and a strain on public services. The government of Pakistan has implemented several policies and programs to address these challenges, such as increasing access to family planning services and promoting education and economic development.

Causes of Overpopulation in Pakistan

The causes of overpopulation in Pakistan are complex and multifaceted. Some of the main factors include:

High fertility rate: Pakistan has a relatively high fertility rate of around 3.3 children per woman, which is significantly higher than the global average.
Lack of access to family planning services: Many people in Pakistan do not have access to family planning services, which makes it difficult for them to control the size of their families.
Cultural and religious beliefs: Some cultural and religious beliefs in Pakistan discourage the use of birth control, which can contribute to high fertility rates.
Poverty and lack of education: Poverty and lack of education are also major factors that contribute to high fertility rates in Pakistan. People who are poor or have limited education are less likely to have access to family planning services and may not have the knowledge or resources to control their fertility.
Urbanization: Urbanization has also led to overpopulation in Pakistan as people migrate to the cities for job opportunities and better living standards.
Political instability and lack of government action: Political instability and lack of government action in promoting family planning and education also play a role in overpopulation in Pakistan.

Consequences of Overpopulation in Pakistan

The consequences of overpopulation in Pakistan can be far-reaching and have a significant impact on the country’s social, economic, and environmental well-being. Some of the main consequences include:

Strain on resources: Overpopulation puts a strain on resources such as food, water, and energy, leading to shortages and higher prices.
Environmental degradation: Overpopulation can lead to environmental degradation, including deforestation, air and water pollution, and loss of biodiversity.
Overburdened infrastructure: Overpopulation can lead to overcrowding, which can put a strain on infrastructure such as roads, housing, and public transportation.
Economic challenges: Overpopulation can lead to increased competition for jobs, which can lead to higher unemployment rates and lower wages. It can also lead to a strain on public services, such as healthcare and education, which can make it more difficult for people to access these services.
Social challenges: Overpopulation can lead to increased crime, poverty, and social unrest. It can also put a strain on social services, such as housing and welfare programs, which can make it more difficult for people to access these services.
Health problems: Overpopulation can lead to poor living conditions and lack of access to healthcare, which can increase the risk of disease and illness.
Political instability: Overpopulation can lead to political instability, as the government may struggle to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population.

It is important for Pakistan to take action to address these consequences, such as promoting family planning and education, increasing access to resources, and promoting sustainable development.

Solutions of Overpopulation in Pakistan

There are several solutions that can be implemented to address the issue of overpopulation in Pakistan. Some of the main solutions include :

Promoting family planning and reproductive health: Increasing access to family planning services and providing education on reproductive health can help people to control the size of their families and reduce the rate of population growth.
Education and economic development: Investing in education and economic development can help to reduce poverty and improve the overall well-being of the population. This can also lead to a reduction in the fertility rate as people become more aware of family planning and have more resources to support smaller families.
Encourage urban planning: Encouraging urban planning and development can help to alleviate the strain on infrastructure and resources in urban areas. This can also help to improve living conditions and reduce overcrowding.
Improve living standards and access to resources: Improving living standards and access to resources such as housing, healthcare, and education can help to reduce poverty and improve overall well-being. This can also help to reduce the fertility rate.
Government policies: Government policies such as tax incentives for smaller families, and penalties for having more than a certain number of children, can also be implemented to help control population growth.
Promoting sustainable development: Encouraging sustainable development and environmental protection can help to reduce the strain on resources and protect the environment. This can also help to improve overall well-being and reduce the rate of population growth.

It’s important to note that a comprehensive and integrated approach is needed to address the issue of overpopulation in Pakistan, involving government, civil society, and international organizations.

Thursday 23 February 2017

Over population in pakistan english essay for ba/ma/css exams.

Over Population/Population Expansion English Essay for BA/MA/CSS Exams

POPULATION EXPANSION AS A SOCIAL PROBLEM

Factors of population growth, causes of population expansion, i. cultural value: , ii. polygyny: , iii. desire of male child: , iv. islamic laws: , v. remarriage of widow: , vi. climatic conditions: , vii. lack of recreation:, viii. desire of male child: , ix. having large family size: , x. reduction in mortality rate: , xi. better health facilities: , xii. better food: , xiii. control on epidemics: , xiv. early marriages: , impacts of population growth, steps to reduce population growth, i. reduction in population growth rate: , ii. technical education: , iii. ending of non working: , iv. population planning programs: , v. conscious and awareness campaigns: , vi. optimum use of human resources: , vii. women employment: , viii. promotion of education: , you may also like:.

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Essay on Pakistan: A Brief History and Overview

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July 22, 2023
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“There is no power on earth that can undo Pakistan.” (Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah)

Introduction

Pakistan got its independence on 14 th August 1947. The country’s main purpose was to live life freely as Muslims. Pakistan is located in the south of Asia. It is in the south of the Arabian Sea. It has 4 neighboring countries. Pakistan is in 33 rd rank among other countries based on area.

It is also known to be the third largest country in Asia based on land area. Pakistan’s border in the east is with India, which has a border of 3,323 kilometers; Pakistan’s border with Afghanistan is in the northwest it has a border of 2,640 kilometers; Pakistan’s border with Iran is in the west it has a border of 909 kilometers whereas Pakistan border with China is 523 kilometers long and is located in the northeast.

Pakistan Army is ranked as the 6 th strongest army among the 145 countries. Pakistan has the world’s second-highest mountain K2, with the third highest, Tirch Mir, and the three highest mountain ranges, i.e., Hindukush, Karakoram & Himalayas. Pakistan also has the world’s deepest sea port in Gwadar. Pakistan’s Edhi Foundation is the world’s largest ambulance service provider.

Sialkot (a city in Pakistan) produces half of the world’s balls, which resulted in Pakistan becoming the world’s largest hand-sewed football; these footballs are also used in FIFA World Cups. Tarbela Dam is the world’s largest earth-filled dam. Pakistan is the only Muslim country that has nuclear power.

The world’s fourth-largest irrigation system is also in Pakistan. Out of 100% population, 96.2 percent of Muslims in Pakistan, 1.6% Hindus, Christians 1.59%, etc. Cholistan, Thar, and Thal are some of the famous desserts in Pakistan.

Before writing essay on Pakistan , lets disucss its history first. Muslims of the subcontinent were not given the proper rights and were harassed for living according to the Islamic way. Pakistan was a dream for Allama Muhammad Iqbal that came true after many sacrifices and struggles of many Muslims.

The major effort and struggle was of Quid e Azam M.A. Jinnah. This effort to get a separate country started when Muslims started facing persecution. The idea of two nation theory was presented that Muslims and Hindus are different nations that can’t live together peacefully.

Quaid e Azam succeeded on 14 Aug 1947 when a new country known as Pakistan was formed. Initially, Bangladesh was a part of Pakistan, but due to the 1971 civil war and political problems, East Pakistan (Bangladesh) proclaimed its independence.

When Pakistan got its independence, it faced several problems, such as unfair boundary distribution, economic problems, the Kashmir dispute, electricity problems, division of financial assets, etc. Karachi was chosen as the capital of Pakistan Quaid e Azam was the first governor-general, and Liaquat Ali Khan was the prime minister.

Pakistan is one of the lucky countries. It has all four seasons due to the location. Winter is from December to February, spring is from March to May, Summer is from June to September, and retiring monsoon or autumn is from October to November. This season and their time can differ according to the location, as Pakistan has all plains, plateaus, mountains, or hilly areas.

Pakistan has several rivers; the longest is Indus; other rivers are Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, and Kabul. The amazing thing is that the coastal areas are normally dry and hot, whereas the lowland plains are cooler than coastal areas, and the uplands or Himalayas are much cooler than the plain; this means at the same time, all seasons can be seen in Pakistan.

Region & Demography

Pakistan has a total area of 796,095 square kilometers. Pakistan has a total population of 207.68 million. The capital of Pakistan is Islamabad. Pakistan has 4 provinces, i.e., Punjab, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Sindh. Punjab was given to this province because of Punj (five) and Aab (Water), i.e., land of river. The population of Punjab is 110 million, Balochistan is 12.34 million, Sindh is 47.89 million, and KPK is 35.53 million.

The area of Punjab is a total of 50,362 square kilometers. The area of Balochistan is 347,190 square kilometers. The area of Sindh is 140,914 square kilometers. The area of KPK is 101,741 square kilometers. There are 170 districts in Pakistan. These districts are further divided into tehsil and union councils.

These districts include all the districts in provinces, Azad Kashmir, the capital territory, and Gilgit Baltistan. Pakistan is considered a young nation as the average age is 23.4, and the 104 million population is the age bracket of 25 to 30.

Language & Culture

The national language of Pakistan is Urdu. More than 60 languages are spoken in different areas of Pakistan. The common language in Punjab is Punjabi, whereas in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the language spoken is Pashto, and in Sindh and Balochistan, Sindhi and Balochi, respectively. Hindko, Saraiki, Kashmiri, Gujarati, and other languages are spoken in Pakistan.

The culture of Pakistan is based on Islam, and the main reason for having Pakistan as a separate country is to establish the culture of Islam freely. Several festivals and events are important in Pakistan, such as Eid ul Fitr, Eid ul Adha, Ramadan, etc.

Other minorities can also easily celebrate their festivals, such as Christmas, Easter, Holi, Diwali, etc. Let’s talk about different people in provinces.

Punjab : People in Punjab are mostly warm-hearted and loving. Several tribes, clans, or castes have different cultures and traditions. Their culture and dresses are very bright and mix of colors.

Balochistan : This province is considered to be barren lands and deserts and mountains, but this culture has a culture that is full of traditions, art, and craft, as well as embroidery females mostly do these things. These people are known for their festivals and tribes.

Sindh : These people mostly have agricultural lifestyles. These people practice farming and fishing. These people are dominated by Sufis music.

KPK : The people of KPK are mostly Pathans; they are the most hardworking people and always like to know more about their race; they are obsessed with the race.

Economy is one of the important thing to discuss in this essay on Pakistan. The major sources of livelihood are agriculture, forestry as well as fishing. Pakistan is ranked in 43 of the major economies. Inflation will be approximately 19.87% in 2022. Around one-half of the laborers are doing these activities.

Several crops are the basis of a good economy, such as cotton, tobacco, pulses, chickpeas, sugarcane, wheat, rice, etc. Pakistan doesn’t have many minerals and energy resources. One-eighth of the labor is engaged in the manufacturing of products. The main imports of the nation are petroleum products, machinery, chemicals, fertilizers, etc., whereas the major exports are cotton, ready-made garments, dried fish, rice, leather goods, etc.

Pakistan is one of the countries with great potential for providing education. Education is one of the most important factors in Pakistan. Although education is not up to the mark, many improvements are still being made, and many schools, colleges, and universities are being established.

HEC (Higher Education Commission) is the biggest institute in Pakistan responsible for overseeing, regulating, and accrediting the higher education efforts in Pakistan. The level of education depends on the financial resources and the commitment level of the government; in Pakistan, the resources are limited, and that’s why there are fewer teachers and education-providing facilities. There are a total of 218 universities in Pakistan.

National Symbols

The national symbols of Pakistan are

Markhor (National Animal)
Chukar (National Bird)
Deodar (National Tree)
Jasmine (National Flower)
Allama Muhammad Iqbal (National Poet)
Quaid e Azam (National Hero)
Shalwar Qameez (National Dress)
Hockey (National Sports)
Indus River (National River)
Okra (National Vegetable)
Dolphin (National Aquatic Animal)
Mango (National Fruit)

To conclude essay on Pakistan I would say that Pakistan has faced several challenges since its independence. But on the other hand, Pakistan is rich in culture and has a young population. This population can help Pakistan to become more economically stable and help Pakistan to prosper. This country had been faced several challenges, such as poverty, terrorism, and political instability, and done major improvements in many scenarios.

Pakistan’s strength is its location and size; this country also benefits from foreign aid and receives donations from IMF, World Bank, and the USA, which means that Pakistan has some good international relations. The major weakness of Pakistan is that people lack knowledge in different fields to become a more modernized society. Pakistan also lacks an efficient education system.

There is improper governance, a lack of an efficient education system, and health care problems that can lead to future difficulties for Pakistan . As Pakistan has faced many challenges in history, it can also face any other challenge with faith and strength.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How many times has martial law been applied in Pakistan?

In total 4 martial laws have been applied

First: 7th October 1958 (Iskandar Mirza)

Second: 25th March 1969 (Yahya Khan)

Third: 25th July 1997 (Zia ul Haq)

Fourth: 12th October 1999 (Pervaiz Musharraf)

Who was the first president of Pakistan?

The first president was Major General Iskandar Mirza; he was elected on 5th March 1956.

Who was the first Chief of Army Staff in Pakistan?

The first COAS of Pakistan was Lt. General Tikka Khan, appointed on 20th March 1972.

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Essay on Pakistan...

Published by admin on 27th September 2022

Essay on Pakistan

Pakistan is a Muslim country, located in southern Asia. The neighboring countries are India, Iran, Afghanistan, and China. It is officially called the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. In the south, it has long coastline along the Arabian Sea. Pakistan is the 34th largest country in the world and has the 7th largest army in the world. The capital of Pakistan is Islamabad. Before 1960, it was Karachi, which is now the country’s largest city. The motto of the country is Unity, Discipline, and Faith. The national language is URDU. The name Pakistan means Land of the Pure in Persian and Urdu.

History of Pakistan

The struggle for Pakistan was started when the Muslim of sub-continent got harassed by the Indian government and was not getting their proper rights. Pakistani leader Sir Syed Ahmed Khan firstly used the word“Nation” for the Muslims. After his “Two Nation Theory” and Allama Iqbal’s thought about a separate state in which Muslim can live according to Islamic teachings. The Muslims of India start many movements only for the separation they struggle and sacrifice their lives for their generations. After this effort on 14th of August, 1947, Quaid e Azam M.A Jinnah and all the Muslims succeed by getting a separate state.

Location and Climate

The geographical location of Pakistan is in southern Asia. The neighboring countries are China, India, Afghanistan, and India. There is a long coastal line with the Arabian Sea in the south. The mountain ranges of Karakoram and Pamir are located on northern and western highlands. Pakistan also has all four seasons because of the location, winter from December through February, spring from March through May, summer rainy season from June through September and the retreating monsoon period of October and November. The beginning and length of these seasons vary according to the location. Pakistan also consist number of Rivers and river Indus is the biggest river.

Pakistan has four provinces, two territories, and two special areas. The special areas are in Kashmir. The provinces and territories were divided into 26 divisions and now the 147 districts directly divided from the provinces. The four provinces are Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly NWFP), Punjab and Sindh. Among all these provinces Baluchistan is the largest one by area. Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa both have PATA (Provincially Administered Tribal Areas) which are going to be regular districts. The territories are Islamabad CapitalTerritory and Federally Administered Tribal Areas. Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan are the Administrative areas of Pakistan.

National Symbols

There are number of national symbols of Pakistan:

National Animal- MARKHOR
National Bird- CHOKAR
National Tree- CEDRUS DEODARA
National Heritage State Animal- SNOW LEOPARD
National Heritage State Bird- SHAHEEN FALCON
National Aquatic Marine Mammal- INDUS RIVER DOLPHIN
National Reptile- INDUS CROCODILE
National Fish- TOR PUTITORA
National Amphibian- BUFO STOMATICUS
National Butterfly- INDIAN PURPLE EMPEROR
National Fruit- MANGO
National Staple Crop- SUGERCANE
National Beverage- SUGERCANE JUICE
National Vegetable- OKRA
National Cuisine- PAKISTANI BIRYANI (beef)
National Sports- HOCKEY
National Dress- SALWAR KAMEEZ
National Mosque- FAISAL MOSQUE
National River- INDUS RIVER
National Mountain- K2
National Mausoleum- MAZAR E QUAID

In terms of Purchasing Power Parity(PPP), Pakistan’s economy is 25th largest in the world. In terms of Nominal Gross Domestic Product, the economy is 42nd largest. The growth poles of Pakistan’s economy are located beside the Indus River. In the past economy of Pakistan has suffered from internal political disputes, mixed levels of foreign investment and a fast-growing population. In 2016 October, the IMF chief Christine Lagarde confirmed the economic assessment of he that Pakistan’s economy was “out of the crisis”. This was also predicted by the World Bank that by 2018, the growth of the economy of Pakistan will increase to a “robust” 5.4%.

According to the Census of Pakistan 2017, the total population of Pakistan was 207.8 million, representing a 57% increase in 19 years. That was equivalent to 2.57% of the world population. The population is estimated to reach 210.13 million by 2020. Pakistan is also classified as the “young nation” with an average age of 23.4 in 2016; about 104 million people were under the age of 30 in 2010. Life hope at birth was 67 years for females and 65 years for males in 2013. The healthcare expenditure was 2.8% GDP in 2013. About 19% of the population and 30% of children under five are skeletal.

Including a number of provincial languages, more than 60 languages are spoken in Pakistan. Urdu is declared as the national language of Pakistan and it’s the main identity of the Muslims. Over 44.15% of Pakistan’s population in the Punjab province speaks the Punjabi language. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has a provincial language which is the Pashto language. Sindhi is the common language in the region of Sindh and Balochi is the most dominant language of Baluchistan region. In the region of Azaad Kashmir, the Kashmiri language is spoken. And many other languages are also spoken in Pakistan such as Hindko, Saraiki, gujrati, and many more.

Education in Pakistan is administrated by the Federal Ministry of Education and the provincial governments. The levels of education in Pakistan are pre-school, primary, middle, high (SSC), intermediate (HSC) and university. As per literacy level in Pakistan, now educators are focusing overwriting practice service in major subjects, such as essay writing service avails a huge business there, so now students are getting aware of writing practice, Also students need very major practice for writing an essay during CSS(civil superintendent services) exam in Pakistan.

The culture of Pakistan is based according to Islam, as Pakistan is an Islamic Republic country. The system of joint family is a common family unit. The festivals of Pakistan are Eid ul Fitr, Eid ul Adha, Ramadan, Christmas, Easter, Holi, Diwali are religious in origin. The common dressing of the people of Pakistan is Shalwar Kameez for both men and women. Every single province has its own kind of Shalwar Kameez. And many different fashions, the fashion industry has developed in a changing environment.

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Why I Love Pakistan Essay | 400 & 500 Words

by Pakiology | Mar 22, 2024 | Essay , English | 2 comments

400 Words Essay on Why I Love Pakistan With Quotation

Pakistan is a country full of diversity and richness in culture, history, and natural beauty. From the towering peaks of the Karakoram range to the fertile plains of Punjab, Pakistan has a rich tapestry of landscapes and wonders to discover. In this essay, we will explore the reasons why we love Pakistan and why it is an incredibly special and unique country.

A Rich Cultural Heritage

Pakistan has a rich cultural heritage that is steeped in tradition and history. With a rich history dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization, Pakistan has been a hub of cultural exchange and trade for thousands of years. From the famous Mughal era monuments, such as the Lahore Fort and the Badshahi Mosque, to the vibrant traditional festivals such as the truck art and mango festival, Pakistan’s cultural heritage is rich and diverse.

Natural Beauty and Adventure

Pakistan is also home to some of the most breathtaking natural wonders in the world. From the towering peaks of the Karakoram range to the lush green valleys of Hunza, Pakistan’s natural beauty is truly awe-inspiring. Whether you are a seasoned mountaineer or just someone looking for a peaceful stroll in nature, Pakistan has something for everyone. Additionally, the country is also home to some of the world’s most challenging and exciting adventure sports, such as white-water rafting and trekking.

Hospitality and Generosity

The people of Pakistan are well known for their hospitality and generosity. Whether you are a visitor to the country or a local resident, you are sure to be welcomed with open arms and treated like royalty. The warmth and kindness of the people is one of the many reasons why we love Pakistan and it is a testament to the rich cultural heritage of the country.

A Land of Opportunity

Pakistan is a land of opportunity, with a young and growing population, a vibrant and expanding economy, and a rich cultural heritage. Whether you are an entrepreneur looking to start a new business, a student looking to further your education, or a tourist looking to explore the country’s many wonders, Pakistan has something for everyone.

In conclusion, Pakistan is a country full of diversity, richness, and beauty. From its rich cultural heritage to its stunning natural wonders, Pakistan has something for everyone. The warmth and hospitality of the people, combined with a land of opportunity, make Pakistan an incredibly special and unique country that we love and cherish.

500 Words Essay on Why I Love Pakistan

Pakistan is a country that is dear to my heart for many reasons. As a Pakistani, I am proud of my heritage and the rich culture and history of the country. I am inspired by the resilience and determination of its people, who have faced many challenges and obstacles but have always remained strong and united.

One of the things that I love about Pakistan is its natural beauty. From the towering mountains in the north to the beautiful beaches in the south, the country is blessed with a diverse and stunning landscape. The northern regions, with their snow-capped peaks and crystal-clear lakes, are particularly breathtaking. I have had the opportunity to visit many of these places, and they never fail to take my breath away.

I am also proud of Pakistan’s achievements in various fields. Despite facing many challenges, the country has made significant progress in areas such as science and technology, education, and sports. Pakistani scientists and engineers have made important contributions to the field of science and technology, and the country has a growing number of world-class educational institutions. In sports, Pakistani athletes have brought home many medals and accolades at international competitions. The success of Pakistani scientists, athletes, and scholars is a source of inspiration for me and for many other young people in the country.

The people of Pakistan are another reason why I love the country. They are hardworking, hospitable, and generous. I have had the privilege of meeting and interacting with many wonderful people from different parts of the country, and I am always struck by their kindness and warmth. Whether I am visiting a rural village or a bustling city, I am always welcomed with open arms and treated like a member of the family.

There are many other aspects of Pakistan that I love and admire. For example, I am proud of the country’s rich and diverse cultural heritage. Pakistan is home to a wide range of ethnic and linguistic groups, each with its own unique customs and traditions. This diversity adds to the richness and vibrancy of Pakistani culture, and it is something that I cherish and celebrate.

I also love the religious and spiritual diversity of Pakistan. The country is home to people of many different faiths, including Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and others. This religious diversity is a source of strength and harmony, and it is something that I value and respect.

Pakistan is also a country with a rich culinary tradition. From the spicy curries of Punjab to the savory kebabs of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistani cuisine is diverse, delicious, and full of flavor. I love trying new dishes and experiencing the diverse culinary traditions of the country.

Pakistan is a country that I love and cherish for many reasons. Its culture, beauty, achievements, and people are all sources of pride and inspiration for me. I am grateful to be a Pakistani, and I am confident that the country will continue to grow and thrive in the years ahead.

In conclusion, I love Pakistan for its culture, beauty, achievements, and people. It is my home, and I am proud to be a Pakistani. Despite the challenges and difficulties that the country faces, I am confident that its people will continue to overcome them and build a better future for themselves and for future generations.

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Morning Briefing: Asia Pacific Edition

Friday briefing: india’s election begins.

Also, new Western sanctions on Iran, and China’s sinking cities.

By Amelia Nierenberg

a boat on a river filled with people. people are walking on shore carrying large white and blue boxes.

The world’s biggest election begins

Voting begins today in a multistage election in India in which hundreds of millions of people will cast ballots. The election will determine whether their country’s powerful prime minister, Narendra Modi, will stay in office for a third term.

The vote is seen as a referendum on Modi’s economic record and his increasingly centralized and Hindu-first vision of India. The elections run through June 1, and results are expected on June 4 .

For insight, I spoke to my colleague Mujib Mashal, the South Asia bureau chief.

How likely is a victory for Modi?

Modi and his coalition, led by the Bharatiya Janata Party, have a huge, solid majority. And despite an anti-incumbency ethos in Indian elections, Modi is different — his personal appeal is huge. He’s very popular. And he basically rules as one man, without having to go through regular parliamentary discussions and debates.

So the question around this election is: He’s most likely going to win, but will he win the same solid margin that he had, or will it be reduced or he can even be forced into a coalition government?

However, there can always be a surprise element in Indian elections. That’s particularly true because Modi has such tight control of the media and information that you may never get an exact sense of what could be percolating on the ground.

What is Modi’s pitch?

He argues that his 10 years in office have helped India’s stature on the global stage. He says that India is rising as an economic and diplomatic power, and that he’s helping to inject some ambition into the country.

And a lot of people say that Modi’s 10 years have brought some stability to the country. But there’s a contradiction in India’s rise. While it’s growing as an economic and diplomatic power, it’s a very unequal growth. The economy is not creating enough jobs for its huge youth population and hundreds of millions of people are still at the mercy of government rations.

A lot of his pitch remains along religious lines. He mixes economic and development appeal with a strong Hindu nationalist, Hindu-first appeal.

Modi wants India as a developed country. He also wants it to develop according to a Hindu nationalist, a Hindu majoritarian vision. The two things come together in him. At Modi’s campaign events, after talking about his development projects and what he’s given the poor, he makes sure to remind of his Hindu nationalist ideology front and center.

He brings it all together in this one simple narrative: He is helping India rise. For him, there’s no contradiction to talk about India’s rise, and, in the same breath, about restoring Hindu pride.

How are people feeling about this election?

The pride in voting is great — people celebrate the process, which the turnout makes clear. But, increasingly, there’s also this sense that voting itself is overemphasized, and that democracy is not just about voting. It’s also what happens when a kind of strongman like Modi uses his popularity to reshape that democracy between the votes.

So some wonder if voting is enough to sustain a democratic tradition when strongman leaders have other designs in mind.

New Western sanctions on Iran

The U.S. and Britain imposed new sanctions on Iranian military leaders and weapons manufacturers to punish Tehran for its missile and drone attack on Israel last weekend. The president of the European Council also announced that new E.U. sanctions would be imposed on Iran’s drone and missile programs.

The U.S. and European allies have been looking for ways to punish Iran while urging Israel not to retaliate in a manner that could inflame a wider Middle East conflict.

Israel’s miscalculation: Officials said they didn’t see a strike on the Iranian target in Syria as a provocation, and did not give Washington a heads-up about it until right before it happened .

A jury of 12 was seated in Trump’s criminal trial

Twelve jurors were selected for Donald Trump’s criminal trial in Manhattan. Seven new jurors were added yesterday, hours after two others were abruptly excused.

Jury selection will continue so that alternates can be chosen. The judge had said he wanted as many as six alternates. The alternates will sub in for the 12 jurors if they fall ill or are otherwise unable to continue at some point during the six-week trial.

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Trade: Cheap exports from China are threatening President Biden’s trillion-dollar effort to invigorate manufacturing and speed a transition to cleaner energy sources.

U.S. elections: Members of the Kennedy family endorsed President Biden yesterday , rejecting Robert F. Kennedy Jr. as he worries Democrats with an independent bid.

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Tajikistan: Experts say that half of the recruits in ISIS-K , an Islamic State affiliate, are believed to have come from the Central Asian country. Here’s why it’s a recruiting ground .

Germany: Two dual citizens of Russia and Germany have been arrested on suspicion of being part of a plot to sabotage aid to Ukraine by trying to blow up military infrastructure.

Australia: The police made an arrest after packages of cocaine washed ashore near Sydney for months.

Royals: Prince Harry officially became a U.S. resident .

MORNING READ

A group of graduates in Gaza finished training at a university dentistry program just one week before the war began.

Instead of starting new jobs, they found themselves plunged into endless days of burying the dead and fearing for the living. My colleagues reached out to them to see what their lives look like now .

CONVERSATION STARTERS

How to begin a creative life: We spoke to 150 artists to ask about the process of starting something .

Boy rooms: Male 20-somethings are showing their messy apartments in a video series that poses the implicit question, “You live like this?”

Venice Biennale: One of the world’s premier art shows opens tomorrow. We had a backstage look before it begins.

China’s sinking cities

Nearly half of China’s major cities are losing elevation , a new study found. Beijing is among the places that are sinking the fastest.

Researchers said a major culprit was the sheer weight of buildings and infrastructure. Others include the pumping of water from aquifers underneath the cities, as well as oil drilling and coal mining. These activities leave space underground where soil and rocks can compact or collapse.

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Roast: Use a bag of frozen peas and carrots for this affordable sheet-pan chicken dinner .

Travel: Yoshida, in Japan, is known for its steel. Now, tourists can come to help produce it .

Read: Marjane Satrapi, the author of the graphic novel “Persepolis,” is publishing a new illustrated book about Iran’s recent protests .

Play Spelling Bee , the Mini Crossword , Wordle and Sudoku . Find all our games here .

That’s it for this week. I’ll see you on Monday. — Amelia

We welcome your feedback. Send us your suggestions at [email protected] .

Thanks to Mujib Mashal .

Amelia Nierenberg writes the Asia Pacific Morning Briefing , a global newsletter. More about Amelia Nierenberg

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