essay of revenge summary

Of Revenge by Francis Bacon Summary

Of Revenge by Francis Bacon is a short but meaningful essay that carries the author personal views about the great upsurge of nowadays society that is “revenge”. Bacon starts the essay by calling revenge as animalistic behavior by using the words “wild justice” for it. By such contrast, he describes the whole picture of the animal and human life. The more one’s nature turns toward for taking revenge, the more he is taking the law into his hands. If one commits a crime or does some harm to anybody, he/she is offending and violating the law but when the victim counterattacks, it make the law of no use. The law is useless when a person tries to take revenge himself. Undoubtedly by taking revenge, the wrongdoer and the counter-attacker are equal and at the same level. There is no difference between both, apparently. Bacon highlights the point that revenge is totally against the law. By ignoring or forgiving the wrong done to one by other makes a person superior to other as it is the quality of kings and prince to forgive others. By forbearing others, one makes a respectable place in the society.

A person who is always in sickness to take revenge and searching for a good moment to take will keep his wound evergreen and will never let them cure. In such condition, the only loss is to the sufferer which would otherwise heal and move on and focusing more on his present and future than to remain buried in his past.

Of Revenge by Francis Bacon Literary Analysis

Bacon explains a logical argument for why should one look for to harm others? As one doesn’t go wrong for the wrong sake. To him, one might get some profit by harming others, or some pleasure like a sadist or to achieve some honor. If these could be the reasons to do wrong with others then one should not avenge them as you cannot hate someone because they love themselves more than you. Further, if someone is doing wrong because of their ill-nature then they are just like “thorns and briars that can only cut and scratch”. Forgive them, and move on.

Of Revenge Main Themes

Revenge: a wild justice:, private revenge is useless:, forgive, forget, and move on:, public revenge is fortunate:, more from francis bacon.

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Sir Francis Bacon – Essay: Of Revenge – Summary & Analysis

Sir Francis Bacon was a statesman, essayist, philosopher and science enthusiast belonging to 16 th century. His essays are known to deal with human emotions in the most intellectual way possible. “Of Revenge” is one of his renowned essays in a didactic tone dealing with revenge, morals and different types of vengeance.

Francis Bacon – Of Revenge – Summary

Revenge is unlawful and more it persists, the more need there is to take care of the problem. People seeking it are taking law into their own hands. A man fulfilling his vengeful thoughts cannot surpass his enemy either in thoughts or deeds. Those who are able to pardon their enemies are nobler than those who take revenge.

The past cannot be revoked and wise men realize that it is the present that matters the most. No man does felonious deeds unless there is something of interest involved and Bacon finds no fault in those enticed to those deeds. Further, those who are capable only of wrong doings cannot do other things are should be considered as thorns or briars.

Bacon believes that of revenge the best sort is the one that cannot come under the law. One can seek vengeance if there is no law to punish the crime a man has done.

Vengeance is more about taking delight in the repenting words of the enemy rather than seeing him/her suffer through violence.   At the same time, a man who keeps brooding about revenge keeps his own wounds fresh ; which, otherwise would have healed if not for those thoughts.

Of revenge the most fortunate are those done in public as proved in the case of Julius Caesar, Pertinax and Henry the Third of France. Vengeance in private cannot have the same fortune.

Francis Bacon – Of Revenge – Analysis

The essay talks about wild justice, morality, irrevocable past, justification of revenge, types of vengeance, psychology of it and what great men of the past opined about it.

In the essay, Bacon speaks of four kinds of revenge namely unlawful vengeance, revenge existing above the law, public and private vengeance. First one is discussed in the section wild justice. The second one, interestingly, Bacon suggests that there is revenge that one can take if there are no laws to take action against the wrongful deed of an enemy. This is not going against the law and the person is acting to serve justice.

Public revenge can uplift a nation or cause civil rebellion as this often is associated with assassinations or taking vengeance against wrongful rulers who misuse powers to form a tyrannical government. Julius Caesar was stabbed by senators led by Brutus, Pertinax killed by a guard and Henry the Third of France assassinated by Jacques Clement are all examples in history portraying public revenge as a necessary evil.

On the other hand, private revenge can lead to a lot of suspicions and is often restricted to the burning rage of one individual against another.

Wild Justice

Sir Francis Bacon always striven for a civilized world with science at its center; therefore, he emphasizes more on laws than working as outlaws or vigilantes seeking justice where the law does not permit. It is a moral question whether to harm another and he quotes wise Solomon explaining that people who can get past their vengeful thoughts are noble and are above their enemy.  Despite human nature, there is nothing one could do to bring the past or right a wrongful event; it is only wise to let go of the past injuries and carry on with life.

Bacon believes (wrongfully) that those who want vengeance would like to see the enemy repent rather bleed. However, most harm the enemy to watch them suffer and cruelty to satisfy the rage is present.

There is a contradiction about betraying friends and Bacon quotes Cosmus, the Duke of Florence and the Biblical figure Job. Cosmus reiterates that friends who betray should not be pardoned and should be punished. Whereas, Job is inclined towards forgiving friends as a person should accept the negativity around friends if he/she has made friends with someone willingly and had favours. Here, Bacon touches the two minds and the opinion is left to the reader about being what kind of friend, if in case, a betrayal arises.

Of Revenge carefully explains the probabilities of vengeance, predicament of a person before and after, wise and foolish decisions one can take and the fact that there is nothing one can do to bring back a person or an event that has become a mere memory of the past. Sir Francis Bacon being a man of science expects humans to step out of their barbaric nature and proceed lawfully to bring justice.

Of Revenge – Summary and Analysis

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Of Revenge is an essay written by Francis Bacon .

The revenge that a man takes for a wrong done to him by somebody represents an arbitrary kind of justice. The redress of a wrong should be obtained through legal means, but revenge means setting the law at nought. By taking revenge, a man can settle a score with his enemy. But if he refrains from taking revenge, he shows a moral superiority over his enemy. To forgive an enemy is a sign of an exalted heart. It was Solomon who said that by ignoring a wrong that has been done to him, a man shows how noble he is.

A man does a wrong in order to make a financial gain or for the pleasure of it or in order to win a higher position or for some other similar reason. There is, therefore, no point in feeling annoyed with a man just because he is selfish. And if a man does a wrong merely because of his malicious nature,it is best to ignore him because he is like the thorn or briar which can only prick and scratch but serve no useful purpose. A man can be forgiven for taking revenge for a wrong against which law provides no remedy. But, in such a case, a man should be careful that his revengeful action is such as does not bring any legal consequences with it because otherwise he will still be at a disadvantage as compared with his enemy. It is generous on the part of a man to reveal his identity to his victim when he takes revenge, because the pleasure lies not so much in the retaliatory action but in making the enemy repent his misdeed. It is commendable to forgive an enemy for doing us a wrong, but it is unwise to forgive a treacherous or faithless friend. However, Job was morally superior in declaring that, if we receive favours from our friends, we should also tolerate injuries or wrongs from them. History tells us that public revenges have, by and large, proved fortunate. But private revenges are not generally so fortunate. Revengeful persons often live miserable lives.

This essay is an excellent example of Bacon’s tendency to dilute high ideals with expediency and a utilitarian approach to life. When Bacon says that a man, who pardons his enemies, reveals a noble heart, he certainly aims at a high ideal. But he dilutes this high ideal by justifying a revenge that is taken for a wrong for which there is no legal remedy. He shows his wordly wisdom when he cautions a man wishing to take revenge by saying that the revenge should be such as there is no law to punish.In other words, Bacon would not mind a man’s taking revenge for those wrongs which there is no law to remedy; but he would suggest a revenge which law cannot take cognizance of. This is, indeed strange morality. In the same way, Bacon does not feel angry with a man who loves himself better than others.

Bacon is slightly off the mark when he says that a person taking revenge finds pleasure not in doing the hurt so much as in making the enemy repent. Actually a man takes revenge precisely in order to do the maximum possible damage to the enemy. Bacon is, however, right when he says that a man who meditates revenge keeps his own wounds green. He is also right when he says that revengeful persons live miserable lives. Bacon’s attitude towards those who do wilful injury to their friends can also be defended. This essay is more or less a lesson in morality. It is a didactic essay and is an intelligent study of human nature.

As for style, this essay is a model of compactness. Bacon’s terse and pithy manner of writing finds a perfect illustration here. Many of the sentences have that aphoristic quality for which Bacon is famous.

Bacon makes a liberal use of quotations in his essays. This essay, which is very brief, contains three quotations, one from Solomon, another from Cosimo de Medici, and the third from Job. The ideas of this essay are such as go straight to the bosoms and hearts of readers. In fact, we find in this essay a confirmation of the ideas that most people already have in their minds.

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Of Revenge Summary & Analysis

Francis Bacon has examined the idea of retaliation, the nature of revenge, and the consequences of revenge on the human psyche in his essay, “Of Revenge.”

Sir Francis Bacon (1561–1626), was an English philosopher, statesman, author, and pioneering figure of the Scientific Revolution.

Of Revenge | Summary

Francis Bacon begins by highlighting the innate desire for retaliation in humans. In other terms, it refers to getting some sort of gratification from punishing those that offend us, do us wrong, or make us feel bad. This reveals our primal animal nature and must be restricted and discouraged through legal and regulatory means. The first offense—committing a crime or inflicting harm—should be dealt with lawfully. He maintains that the goal of every human being should be to discuss their existence and reason for existing. As a result, choosing to forgive and be kind rather than seeking retribution is better. He contends that while seeking revenge could result in fairness and momentary gratification, doing the right thing and giving people a second chance promotes greater human accomplishment and harmony. Forgiveness requires character strength, wisdom, and bravery which are uncommon in people of average intelligence. He defends the position of a royal regent, who has the authority to pardon but is exempt from the suffering, emotional investment, and loss that regular people must endure. As a result, the regent is more likely to be able to forgive than the average individual. Bacon emphasizes the superiority of adopting the high moral ground and demonstrating compassion and forgiveness by quoting King Solomon from the Bible. He claims that it is impossible to go forward and claim a brighter future if a person harbors retaliatory feelings and becomes trapped in the vicious cycle of past harm and suffering. The past cannot be erased or altered. But with deliberate work and generous hearts, the present and the future can be improved. A sensible man always considers the chances that lie ahead rather than the mistakes made in the past. He learns from his failures and uses those lessons to improve himself in the future. There are countless reasons why a person makes a mistake or commits a crime, including personal gain, bad guidance, unrestrained desire, etc. According to Bacon, one should feel sorry for the individual who is a prisoner to his own needs, drives, and instincts rather than being concerned about someone else who wants to seize some benefit and pleasure for himself.

These people should be spared since they are imprisoned by their instincts and live only to inflict harm, much like a thorny bush. For them, the humiliation and punishment in this cage are plenty. We can see that Bacon has agreed to some terms with those seeking retribution. Retribution can be permitted, according to him, when a crime is committed that cannot be rectified by the judicial system and the offender is likely to go unpunished. However, the act of revenge’ itself must be extra-legal for judicial systems to hold the perpetrator accountable. Additionally, he asserts that it is occasionally permissible to inform the initial offender that he is being singled out and dishonored by his victim.

This can act as a comfort to the victim and a deterrent to the offender so they won’t do the same crime again. It might even cause him to feel some remorse. On the other hand, if the offender is genuinely nasty and heartless, he might never acknowledge his guilt and continue to exist in the mindless world of his crime. Bacon continues by saying that it is even more reprehensible and inexcusable when one is injured by a friend as an illustration of justified retaliation. He uses the Duke of Florence as an example, who forgave his adversaries but never pardoned his evil-doing companions. He does, however, use Prophet Job from the Bible as an example, who counseled accepting the good with the bad and the beautiful with the ugly. So it is important to value each friend. Bacon condemns those seeking retribution who never allow their wounds to mend because they are constantly burning with pain and longing for causing harm. They keep their scars new by grinding on an axe. Otherwise, time will heal all wounds. On the hypocrisy of retaliation itself, Bacon comments. In other cases, the demise of tyrants like Caesar and others is celebrated. These overt acts of vengeance can serve as deterrents against oppression and wickedness, and occasionally they are even praised.

Of Revenge | Analysis

Bacon acknowledges that “public revenge for the most part is fortunate” and makes an incredibly compelling argument against taking private revenge in his article on the subject. He refers to vengeance as “wild justice”. He uses this comparison to highlight revenge’s animalistic essence. The ability to exact revenge is a trait of animals, not of people, who have the freedom to pardon and care for others. Essays by Bacon are known for being succinct but very understandable. He depicts both human and animal existence in its entirety, just as he would with a single act of wild justice.

Furthermore, according to Bacon, while the first wrong is governed by the law, avenging it is not. Revenge is a legal misunderstanding. When the author notes that the wise man is the one who ignores the wrongs of others done to him since he has much more to do in the present and future rather than addressing his previous concerns, the author is appealing to one’s wisdom of ethical supremacy in this essay. One should move on because past wrongs are irrevocable and cannot be undone. Bacon provides a reasoned justification for why someone might seek to harm others. As one does not make a mistake for the wrong reason. According to him, hurting people might be done for financial gain, for pleasure like a sadist, or to gain respect. One should not exact revenge on others if these were the causes of their wrongdoing.

Bacon contends that through exacting retribution, one seizes control of the law. If one seeks retribution, the law is meaningless. Such retaliation, however, is tolerable as there is no legal way to stop it. Bacon cautions that one should be sure there is no law to punish them at that point. Additionally, before exacting revenge, one should warn the target of the attack. They might feel bad, which is more valuable than hurting them. We can overlook wrongdoing committed by opponents because we anticipate them to do so, but what about wrongs committed against us by a close friend? Are such wrongs also pardonable? By citing Cosmus, the Duke of Florence, who said that we are required to forgive enemies but never friends, Bacon appears to shift his mind about not seeking retribution. But right after that, he references Job and claims that :

“if we are content and happy to receive all the good that God has to offer, then why are we not content and happy to receive all the evil”? Such people ought to be seen as wicked by God and not exact revenge.

Although Bacon strongly opposes taking private revenge, he contends that taking public revenge is usually a good thing since it sets a good example for everyone. Private vengeance, however, is regrettable. The victim of revenge leads a witch’s life and his wound never mends. The metaphorical comparison “Revenge is a kind of wild justice” emphasizes the unbridled and destructive character of retribution. The phrase “in passing it over, he is superior” poses a paradox because it implies that by forgoing retaliation, one acquires superiority.

The reference to Solomon’s proverb, “It is a man’s glory to ignore an offense,” lends credibility to the speaker’s viewpoint.

“ Why should I be angry with a man for loving himself better than me?” The idea of becoming enraged at someone for putting their interests first is contested rhetorically. The analogy between vengeful people acting covertly and “the arrow that flies from the dark” paints a clear picture of their stealthy and cowardly nature. The proverb that Cosimo de’ Medici is credited with coining, “Forgive enemies, but not friends,” is both smart and thought-provoking. The allusion to Job raises doubts about one’s capacity to tolerate both good and evil, extending the idea to relationships and forgiving others. The speaker’s argument is emphasized by the use of the word “Shall we” repeatedly in the sentence about removing good and evil from God’s control.

Bacon contends that revenge is a form of wild justice. Wild justice is a representation of animalistic conduct. Animals don’t have any laws or rules to keep order in their society. They also don’t have any rules and regulations. They, therefore, tend to seek retribution. In contrast, human civilization has laws that control how people behave. They shouldn’t have an animalistic desire to exact revenge on others. By doing this, they are putting the law in their hands, which is pointless in these circumstances. Private vengeance is regrettable and pointless since it puts the law in the hands of the person seeking it. To exact revenge, one needs to seek legal advice. Since there is no legal way to right such wrongs, retaliation is acceptable and fortunate. It is regrettable if there is legislation. The most unhappy individual is the one who is constantly looking for an opportunity to exact retribution since his wounds never heal and he leads a witch’s life. Retaliation is a topic where Bacon makes a strong moral and ethical case. He asserts that the wise man is the one who extends forgiveness to others and puts more emphasis on the present and future than the past. Living in the past is pointless since the wrongs of the past are over and cannot be undone. Simply forget, forgive, and proceed.

According to Bacon, most instances of public acts of retaliation are fortunate because they serve as role models for others. Bad leaders should be dealt with publicly and harshly so that others might take note and refrain from similar behavior. Vengeful people are portrayed as being extremely evil and doomed when they are compared to witches. The historical instances of public revenge, such as the plots to kill Caesar and Henry the Third of France, offer corroborating proof of its efficacy.

Overall, Francis Bacon’s essay is more convincing and rhetorical due to the use of strong, dominant language and persuasive literary devices, which draws the reader in and effectively conveys the author’s position on retribution.

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Of Revenge by Sir Francis Bacon | Summary and Critical Analysis

“Of Revenge” as the name suggests is about a revengeful person, who thinks to take revenge from an enemy. Sir Francis Bacon, in a didactic tone, talks about merits and demerits of revenge. The essay is full of wisdom but it is of a strange kind. He gives examples from the past, quotes opinions of philosophers and uses allusions to clear his point of view. This essay although has morality yet it is limited to worldly wisdom. He also uses similes , metaphors , and illustrations so that his readers can better understand his message. He puts the pros and cons of taking revenge. Sir Francis Bacon explains some situations, in which revenge is allowed. He also elucidates why people harm others. Let us see what else he has to say to his readers.

Revenge and its Cons: Views of Sir Francis Bacon:

Moreover, wise men do not think about past; they concentrate on the present and future. Sir Francis Bacon considers a person unwise if he remembers worst days of the past to take revenge. Moreover, it is a fruitless effort.

Why People Harm Others?

In which situation, a person can take revenge, anyone is pardonable but not friends:.

Francis Bacon has deeply studied “Cosmus, Duke of Florence” and “Job”. He quotes their words. Dosimo de Medici (Cosmus) has said that anyone is forgivable but a traitorous friend. It is unwise to pardon treacherous and unfaithful friends. Job, on the other hand, thinks the opposite. He has said that if a person obtains benefits from friends then he should forgive them for their misconducts. Bacon supports Job in this regard while saying that “But yet the spirit of Job was in a better tune”. Here too, readers can witness the worldly wisdom of Sir Francis Bacon. If a person gets favours from his friends then it is necessary for him to ignore the disloyalty of his friends.

Why Revenge is Harmful?

The conclusion of “of revenge” by sir francis bacon:.

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Of Revenge – Francis Bacon – Complete Explanation

by Francis Bacon

Complete explanation of the essay alongside the original text

Revenge is a kind of wild justice; which the more man’s nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out.

Explanation

The urge to avenge the humiliations, injustices and wrongs heaped on us by others gives us some pleasure, relief and satisfaction. Such tendency to pay back our tormentors in their own coins is so pervasive and universal. However, such a toxic and in-born tendency must be curbed through legal means.

For as for the first wrong, it doth but offend the law; but the revenge of that wrong putteth the law out of office.

When the tormentor inflicts harm on his subject, he breaks the law, as no member of the civilized society is permitted to take law into his hand and cause physical or mental harm to a fellow human. In the same vein, the person who has been wronged, can’t hit back at his adversary. Logically, he should seek legal recourse to the injustice meted out to him, but if he impulsively harms the enemy, he breaks the law himself. Such acts of instant retribution is not permitted under law.

Certainly, in taking revenge, a man is but even with his enemy; but in passing it over, he is superior; for it is a prince’s part to pardon.

Avenging a wrong, or a defeat or a humiliation lets the wronged person to draw level with his foe, and derive satisfaction. However, he chooses to forgive and forget, and does not allow the perpetrator’s evil act besmirch his self, he emerges as the true victor. Pardoning the evil-doer is not a sign of weakness or timidity. It takes great courage, moral strength, and magnanimity of mind to pardon the sinner. Such ability to ignore the scars left by the wrong-doer needs a big heart and a sagacious soul. Ordinary humans can not bring themselves to rise to the occasion and let the quality of pardon come to the fore. It is, therefore, seen that a person in exalted position such as a prince is given the authority to grant royal pardons to sinners. A prince, because of his status and clout is seldom harmed or belittled. So, he is not generally gripped by anger against commoners. This allows him to pardon the evil-doers.

And Solomon, I am sure, saith, “It is the glory of a man to pass by an offence.” That which is past is gone, and irrevocable; and wise men have enough to do with things present and to come; therefore they do but trifle with themselves, that labor in past matters.

Prophet Solomon had proclaimed, “It is the glory of a man to pass by an offence.”. This means that a person who ignores the hurt and humiliation caused to him by others can lay claim to great glory and adulation.

An evil, once done, becomes history. It can not be reversed. There is little prudency in grumbling and burning in the bitterness left behind. Wise and conscientious people choose to think of works at hand and the tasks in the future. They realize the folly of crying over spilt milk. No doubt, they discern that whining over past injustices is futile, and unproductive. Worrying over the unpleasant past is an unnecessary and ruinous exercise.

There is no man doth a wrong for the wrong’s sake; but thereby to purchase himself profit, or pleasure, or honor, or the like. Therefore why should I be angry with a man for loving himself better than me? And if any man should do wrong merely out of ill-nature, why, yet it is but like the thorn or briar, which prick and scratch, because they can do no other.

Seldom does a man indulge in a wicked or immoral act just for the heck of it. What motivates him to do an abominable act can be just anything – the lure of profit, getting some pleasure, get some un-deserved honour, or any such urge. In the process, he stands to gain some material benefit or some mental pleasure.

With great equanimity, and rare sense of accommodation, Bacon asks himself why he should be annoyed if someone does something to amuse himself. In instances where a person does something that is really very upsetting, we must pause and realize that he has been cursed to have a mind that loves sadistic pleasure. Such people are condemned to miserable existence. In a way they deserve to be pitied and forgiven, because, like a thorn, they can’t do anything other than pricking others and inflicting pain. An ill-natured man is like a thorn condemned to live like a mischief-maker and a nuisance in society. This is enough punishment for him.

The most tolerable sort of revenge is for those wrongs which there is no law to remedy; but then let a man take heed the revenge be such as there is no law to punish; else a man’s enemy is still before hand, and it is two for one. Some, when they take revenge, are desirous the party should know whence it cometh. This is the more generous.

Bacon now proceeds to make certain concessions for the revenge seeker. He feels, there are can be certain loathsome and irritable acts for which there is no legal remedy. As a result, the perpetrator can not be brought to book, and so, get away with his crime. In such circumstances, taking revenge can be an acceptable recourse. Bacon, however, adds a caveat here. The act of revenge must be carefully chosen. It should be outside the purview of the prevailing law, so that the victim (wrong-doer, earlier) can’t sue the avenger.

In some cases, the avenger sets up his act such that the victim (wrong-doer, earlier) gets to know the source of his trouble. This gives the avenger some satisfaction. Such a move could not be as evil as the leaving the victim to wonder who harmed him. Bacon seems to approve of this as it limits the chance of the person turning on other innocent people.

For the delight seemeth to be not so much in doing the hurt as in making the party repent. But base and crafty cowards are like the arrow that flieth in the dark. Cosmus, duke of Florence, had a desperate saying against perfidious or neglecting friends, as if those wrongs were unpardonable; “You shall read (saith he) that we are commanded to forgive our enemies; but you never read that we are commanded to forgive our friends.

When the perpetrator gets to know that the person he wronged has come back to him with vengeance, he will be deterred from repeating his earlier mischief. He may feel some remorse thinking that he should not have, in the first place, indulged in the evil act. However, vile and crooked persons do not have the moral strength to admit that they did the wrong thing. This complicates the situation.

Cosmus, the Duke of Florence, had some friends who were either deceitful or insincere in their friendship. Their nature used to annoy Cosmus a lot. He admonished their supercilious and favour-seeking attitude rather strongly. He warned them that he would never pardon them, although he was fully empowered to pardon offenders.

“But yet the spirit of Job was in a better tune: “Shall we (saith he) take good at God’s hands, and not be content to take evil also?” And so of friends in a proportion. This is certain, that a man that studieth revenge keeps his own wounds green, which otherwise would heal and do well. Public revenges are for the most part fortunate; as that for the death of Caesar; for the death of Pertinax; for the death of Henry the Third of France; and many more. But in private revenges it is not so. Nay rather, vindictive persons live the life of witches; who, as they are mischievous, so end they infortunate.

Job, the Biblical character, gave some sound advice in the matter. He wondered if we gratefully accept from the hands of God only those things that we like, and refuse those, not to our liking. This is also true in friendship. Both good and not so good friends are to be adored. A vengeful person never allows the scars left by other’s misdeeds to heal. Had he not been so vindictive, memories of hurt and humiliation would fade off with the passage of time.

Acts of revenge, committed in full view of the public, can often have some salutary effect at times. The events such as the death of Caesar, the death of Pertinax, the death of Henry the Third of France were generally considered desirable, although these events were driven by revenge. On the other hand, urge for revenge lying deep in one’s mind can be really toxic. Surely, but slowly, this devilish passion consumes the bearer. These people live miserably and die miserably.

Click here for explanations of more essays by Francis Bacon.

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Of Revenge by Francis Bacon – Summary and Analysis

Of revenge by francis bacon.

It is quite remarkable that Bacon bans vengeance in one breath and then begins counselling on how to exact revenge in the next. This is a normal morality. Bacon asserts that ‘the most bearable form of revenge is for those wrongs for which no law exists’. However, he suggests that this revenge be carried out with extreme caution, i.e. that the avenger avoid being apprehended by law, as this would give his adversary a twofold edge. He argues that it is generous on the side of the revenge to reveal his name to the victim, because the pleasure of revenge is not so much in inflicting suffering as it is in convincing the adversary to repent of his error. Bacon disapproves of those who are cunning cowards; they conceal their identity from their victim, defeating the aim of revenge. ‘However, vile and cunning cowards are like the arrow that flies in the dark,’ he says. To illustrate another facet of revenge, Bacon contrasts the perspectives of Cosmus and Job. According to Cosmus, a wrong committed by a friend is more unforgivable than a wrong committed by an adversary, however Job believes that if we expect advantages from friends, we should also be prepared to forgive them for any injuries they cause. Thus, as Bacon implies, it is charitable to forgive our friends, and this behaviour strengthens the links of society.

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Of Revenge Summary by Francis Bacon

One of the famous essays of Bacon ‘Of Revenge’ analyses the prevalence of revenge or retribution-seeking in modern society.

Table of Contents

Human Instinct

But to balance the scales through same unlawful action is a second offence. Justice and fairness must be sought but through the civilized and lawful course. Hence, revenge cannot be justified in any form.

Forgiveness

He claims that even though taking revenge may bring evenness and temporary satisfaction, being the better person and offering second chances bring greater human achievement and peace.

He argues the position of a royal regent who has the pardoning powers but lacks the anguish and personal involvement and loss that an ordinary person has to overcome. Hence, it becomes easier for the regent to forgive than a common person.

Quoting King Solomon from the Bible, Bacon emphasizes the superiority of taking the moral high ground and showing compassion and forgiveness.

Past Cannot be Changed

History cannot be expunged or changed. But the present and the future can be made better through careful efforts and large-heartedness. A wise man always looks at the opportunities ahead rather than the past follies.

These people are in a cage of their own instincts and deserve mercy because they exist to cause pain like a thorny bush. This cage is enough humiliation and punishment for them.

Importance of Revenge

However, the revenge itself should be extra-legal otherwise the act of ‘revenge’ can be brought to justice through legal apparatuses. He also claims that sometimes it is acceptable to let the perpetrator of the initial offence know that he is being targeted and dished by his victim.

As an example of justifiable revenge, Bacon goes on to suggest that when one is harmed by a friend, it is much more deplorable and unforgivable. He gives the example of the Duke of Florence who forgave his enemies but never pardoned his evil-plotting friends.

Burning in Revenge

Bacon condemns the revenge-seekers who never let their wounds heal as they are always burning with hurt and lusting for inflicting damage. The axe that they grind on, keeps their scars fresh. Otherwise, time heals every injury.

It is akin to a person drinking venom and expecting his enemy to die. Hate and desire for revenge are unhealthy and suffocating, primarily for the person who carries such emotions within him.

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Of Revenge by Francis Bacon

In Of Revenge by Francis Bacon we have the theme of morality, letting go, control, acceptance and selfishness. Taken from his The Essays collection the reader realises from the beginning of the essay that Bacon is against the act of revenge. He considers it to be morally wrong and not of the spirit of man. It is better to live in the present and look towards the future than to dwell on issues that may have caused an individual offense in the past. It is for this reason that man should let go of any temptation to get revenge on another person. Also by seeking revenge an individual is allowing themselves to be compared to the person who committed the wrong in the first place. Be that person selfish or ill. They should be firmly placed in the past and not allowed to consume an individual who may be adamant on getting revenge. It is for this reason that an individual should control their desires on seeking revenge. Nobody will profit and two wrongs will have occurred. Whether they be illegal wrongs is irreverent. The matter rests with those in the judiciary should the matter be brought forward. Revenge in itself is a selfish act and serves no good purpose but to place two people underneath the wrong spotlight.

It is also possible that revenge will not satisfy an individual as the individual will be tempted to let others know of his act. This in itself could lead to complications with the law and an aggrieved party simply becomes the guilty party. Just like the original perpetrator of a wrong. Bacon also argues that one should not hold offensive against someone who commits a wrong because they like themselves better than the injured party. Selfishness is a trait of human nature and is to be expected when it comes to the actions of others. All parties concerned in fact are guilty of selfishness and as such have the potential to wrong another individual. The act of revenge can even be more problematic as the revenged party will likewise seek revenge. Though they are the instigators of the original wrong. If anything Bacon may be suggesting that revenge is cyclical. It will run and run forever should either party wish it too or till someone is injured or killed.

Revenge is also against the law both God’s law (moral) and legal law. It is better for the individual to accept that they have been wronged and to move forward. Something that may be difficult due to the nature of man. Nobody likes being taken advantage of or being beaten inappropriately by another man so it is inevitable that revenge will spring to a person’s mind. However Bacon argues that this should not be the case. If anything the offended party should take the higher moral ground and accept what has happened and move on without retaliation. Their lives will be simpler and more productive. They also would not have to worry about the wrong doer themselves seeking revenge. In reality revenge does not show a love of others but rather again highlights how selfish revenge may be. Even if some may find the act of revenge pleasing. It is not ultimately satisfying. There is no real satisfaction to be gained from seeking revenge on another person no matter how instinctive the feeling may be. In reality Bacon appears to be suggesting that revenge does not pay.

What is also interesting about the essay is the fact that Bacon is being rational in his judgement. He is not allowing for his own feelings towards revenge to influence how he might feel. He is being logical while examining the act of revenge. It is as though Bacon has the ability to detach himself emotionally from the act of revenge. Which may be the point that Bacon is making. One has to think with one’s head rather than with one’s heart when it comes to revenge. No matter how difficult the task may be. By acting on instinct or feelings an individual will only get themselves into trouble. Whereas should they think logically and rationally they will see that the act of revenge is not a route that should be taken. If anything revenge will hurt the individual more than it will help them. It is also interesting that Bacon compares revenge to nature throughout the essay as in many ways he is helping to highlight the natural desires of the individual to seek revenge. Though like the weeds in the essay any feelings of revenge should be curbed. It is better for the individual to let go and move forward with their lives. Forgetting that they have been wronged and accept that selfishness in itself as a motive for wrong doing is natural.

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Of Revenge by Francis Bacon

REVENGE is a kind of wild justice; which the more man’s nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out. For as for the first wrong, it doth but offend the law; but the revenge of that wrong putteth the law out of office. Certainly, in taking revenge, a man is but even with his enemy; but in passing it over, he is superior; for it is a prince’s part to pardon. And Solomon, I am sure, saith, It is the glory of a man to pass by an offence. That which is past is gone, and irrevocable; and wise men have enough to do with things present and to come; therefore they do but trifle with themselves, that labor in past matters. There is no man doth a wrong for the wrong’s sake; but thereby to purchase himself profit, or pleasure, or honor, or the like. Therefore why should I be angry with a man for loving himself better than me? And if any man should do wrong merely out of ill-nature, why, yet it is but like the thorn or briar, which prick and scratch, because they can do no other. The most tolerable sort of revenge is for those wrongs which there is no law to remedy; but then let a man take heed the revenge be such as there is no law to punish; else a man’s enemy is still before hand, and it is two for one. Some, when they take revenge, are desirous the party should know whence it cometh. This is the more generous. For the delight seemeth to be not so much in doing the hurt as in making the party repent. But base and crafty cowards are like the arrow that flieth in the dark. Cosmus, duke of Florence, had a desperate saying against perfidious or neglecting friends, as if those wrongs were unpardonable; You shall read (saith he) that we are commanded to forgive our enemies; but you never read that we are commanded to forgive our friends. But yet the spirit of Job was in a better tune: Shall we (saith he) take good at God’s hands, and not be content to take evil also? And so of friends in a proportion. This is certain, that a man that studieth revenge keeps his own wounds green, which otherwise would heal and do well. Public revenges are for the most part fortunate; as that for the death of Cæsar; for the death of Pertinax; for the death of Henry the Third of France; and many more. But in private revenges it is not so. Nay rather, vindictive persons live the life of witches; who, as they are mischievous, so end they infortunate.

More from Francis Bacon :

• Of Vicissitude of Things
• Of Judicature
• Of Honor and Reputation
• Of Vain-glory

The Works of Francis Bacon/Volume 1/Essays/Of Revenge

IV. OF REVENGE.

Revenge is a kind of wild justice, which the more man's nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out: for as for the first wrong, it doth but offend the law, but the revenge of that wrong putteth the law out of office. Certainly, in taking revenge, a man is but even with his enemy; but in passing it over, he is superior; for it is a prince's part to pardon: and Solomon, I am sure, saith, "It is the glory of a man to pass by an offence." That which is past is gone and irrecoverable, and wise men have enough to do with things present and to come; therefore they do but "trifle with themselves, that labour in past matters. There is no man doth a wrong for the wrong's sake, but thereby to purchase himself profit, or pleasure, or honour, or the like; therefore why should I be angry with a man for loving himself better than me? And if any man should do wrong, merely out of ill-nature, why, yet it is but like the thorn or brier, which prick and scratch, because they can do no other. The most tolerable sort of revenge is for those wrongs which there is no law to remedy; but then, let a man take heed the revenge be such there is no law to punish, else a man's enemy is still beforehand, and it two for one. Some, when they take revenge, are desirous the party should know whence it cometh this is the more generous; for the delight seemeth to be not so much in doing the hurt as in making the party repent: but base and crafty cowards are like the arrow that flieth in the dark. Cosmus, Duke of Florence, had a desperate saying against perfidious or neglecting friends, as if those wrongs were unpardonable. "You shall read," saith he "that we are commanded to forgive our enemies but you never read that we are commanded to forgive our friends." But yet the spirit of Job was in a better tune: "Shall we," saith he, "take good at God's hands, and not be content to take evil also?" and so of friends in a proportion. This is certain, that a man that studieth revenge, keep his own wounds green, which otherwise would heal and do well. Public revenges and for the most part fortunate; as that for the death of Cæsar; for the death of Pertinax; for the death of Henry the Third of France; and many more. But in private revenges it is not so; nay, rather vindictive persons live the life of witches; who as they are mischievous, so end they unfortunate.

This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.

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Of Revenge, Francis Bacon: Line by Line Explanation

1. "Revenge is a kind of wild justice; which the more man’s nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out. For as for the first wrong, it doth but offend the law; but the revenge of that wrong, putteth the law out of office. 2. Certainly, in taking revenge, a man is but even with his enemy; but in passing it over, he is superior; for it is a prince’s part to pardon. And Solomon, I am sure, saith, It is the glory of a man, to pass by an offence. 3. That which is past is gone, and irrevocable; and wise men have enough to do, with things present and to come; therefore they do but trifle with themselves, that labor in past matters."

In the essay "Of Revenge," Sir Francis Bacon discusses the nature of revenge, the superiority of forgiveness, and the futility of dwelling on past matters.

Explanation:

1. Revenge is described as a form of untamed justice, and Bacon suggests that the more people incline towards revenge, the more society should work to eliminate this instinct through the law. He differentiates between the initial wrong, which merely offends the law, and seeking revenge, which subverts the law's authority. 2. Bacon notes that while revenge makes a person equal to their enemy, choosing to forgive or overlook an offense demonstrates superiority. Pardoning is associated with the role of a prince, and Bacon references Solomon's wisdom in acknowledging the glory of letting go of an offense. 3. Bacon emphasizes the irreversibility of the past and advises against fixating on it. Wise individuals focus on present and future matters, rendering efforts spent on the past unproductive and self-deceptive.

• Revenge is an uncontrolled form of justice that should be curbed by the law.
• Taking revenge makes one equal to their enemy, while forgiving shows superiority.
• Pardoning an offense is a sign of honor, resembling a prince's role.
• Focusing on the present and future is wise, as dwelling on the past is futile.

4. There is no man doth a wrong, for the wrong’s sake; but thereby to purchase himself profit, or pleasure, or honor, or the like. Therefore why should I be angry with a man, for loving himself better than me? And if any man should do wrong, merely out of ill–nature, why, yet it is but like the thorn or briar, which prick and scratch, because they can do no other. The most tolerable sort of revenge, is for those wrongs which there is no law to remedy; but then let a man take heed, the revenge be such as there is no law to punish; else a man’s enemy is still before hand, and it is two for one.

In this section of the essay "Of Revenge," Bacon explores the motivations behind wrongdoing, the inevitability of self-interest, and the complexities of seeking revenge.

4. Bacon contends that people commit wrongs not out of a desire to do wrong itself, but to gain personal benefits such as profit, pleasure, or honor. He questions the logic of being angry with someone who prioritizes their own interests over others', as this self-interest is natural. Even if someone commits wrongdoing out of ill-nature, Bacon compares it to thorns or briars causing harm due to their inherent nature, suggesting that it's not a deliberate attack. Bacon presents a form of revenge that he deems more acceptable. He argues that seeking revenge for wrongs that cannot be remedied by the law is relatively bearable. However, he warns that this revenge must not break the law itself, as that would give the wrongdoer an advantage. If revenge is punishable by law, the person seeking it becomes their enemy's unwitting accomplice.

• Wrongdoing is typically motivated by self-interest, seeking profit, pleasure, or honor.
• Being angry with someone for prioritizing self-interest is unjustified.
• Wrongdoing stemming from ill-nature is akin to unintentional harm.
• Tolerable revenge is for wrongs with no legal remedy, but it must not break the law itself.

5. Some, when they take revenge, are desirous, the party should know, whence it cometh. This is the more generous. For the delight seemeth to be, not so much in doing the hurt, as in making the party repent. But base and crafty cowards, are like the arrow that flieth in the dark. Cosmus, duke of Florence, had a desperate saying against perfidious or neglecting friends, as if those wrongs were unpardonable; You shall read (saith he) that we are commanded to forgive our enemies; but you never read, that we are commanded to forgive our friends.

In this segment of the essay "Of Revenge," Bacon delves into different motivations behind seeking revenge and the complexities of forgiveness.

5. Bacon discusses the motives behind seeking revenge. Some individuals prefer the target of their revenge to know the source of the harm, which he deems a more noble approach. The satisfaction comes not so much from causing harm but from making the other party feel remorse. In contrast, he describes cowardly wrongdoers as acting like arrows shot in the dark, attacking covertly. Bacon mentions a statement by Cosimo de' Medici, Duke of Florence, who expressed a strong sentiment against disloyal or neglectful friends. Cosimo suggests that while forgiveness for enemies is encouraged, there's no similar injunction to forgive friends who wrong us.

• Some seek revenge to make the wronged party aware of the source, which is a noble approach.
• The satisfaction comes from causing remorse rather than harm.
• Base and crafty cowards attack covertly, like arrows in the dark.
• Cosimo, Duke of Florence, believes forgiving friends' wrongs is not explicitly commanded, unlike forgiving enemies.

6. But yet the spirit of Job was in a better tune: Shall we (saith he) take good at God’s hands, and not be content to take evil also? And so of friends in a proportion. This is certain, that a man that studieth revenge, keeps his own wounds green, which otherwise would heal, and do well. Public revenges are for the most part fortunate; as that for the death of Caesar; for the death of Pertinax; for the death of Henry the Third of France; and many more. But in private revenges, it is not so. Nay rather, vindictive persons live the life of witches; who, as they are mischievous, so end they infortunate.

In this portion of the essay "Of Revenge," Bacon reflects on the nature of revenge and its consequences, drawing comparisons to biblical stories and historical examples.

6. Bacon refers to the story of Job in the Bible, where Job's attitude is portrayed as accepting both good and bad from God. He extends this sentiment to human relationships, suggesting that people should accept both positive and negative aspects of friendships in a balanced manner. Bacon warns against seeking revenge, as it keeps one's wounds fresh and prevents healing. Public acts of revenge often have favorable outcomes, as seen in cases like Caesar's, Pertinax's, and Henry III of France's deaths. However, private revenges tend to yield different results. Bacon likens vindictive individuals to witches who cause harm and end up facing unfortunate circumstances.

• The spirit of Job teaches acceptance of both good and bad in life.
• Studying revenge prevents wounds from healing and is counterproductive.
• Public revenges often have fortunate outcomes, while private ones do not.
• Vindictive individuals suffer a fate similar to witches, causing harm and facing misfortune.

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Home — Essay Samples — Science — Frances Bacon — The Main Idea in “Of Revenge” by Francis Bacon

The Main Idea in "Of Revenge" by Francis Bacon

• Categories: Biblical Worldview Frances Bacon Revenge

About this sample

Words: 1166 |

Published: Mar 28, 2019

Words: 1166 | Pages: 2 | 6 min read

Table of contents

Bacon's exploration of revenge, the challenge of forgiveness, contrasting cosmus and job, hook examples for “of revenge” essay.

• A Philosophical Voyage: Step into the world of Francis Bacon, a Renaissance polymath who dissected the intricate threads of human nature in his essay “”Of Revenge.”” Explore the timeless wisdom embedded in his words as we navigate the moral labyrinth of vengeance.
• Bacon’s Moral Mirror: As we peer through the intellectual looking glass of Francis Bacon’s essay “Of Revenge”,we find ourselves confronted with the reflection of our own moral choices. Join us on a journey into the depths of justice, forgiveness, and the human psyche.
• Unlocking Bacon’s Insights: Delve into the philosophical treasure trove of Francis Bacon’s essay “Of Revenge”. With each word, he unravels the complexities of seeking retribution and invites us to question our own inclinations towards vengeance.
• The Power of Pardon: Francis Bacon, a maestro of English prose, paints a vivid portrait of revenge’s allure and its ultimate futility. Join us as we examine his essay “Of Revenge” to understand why embracing forgiveness may be the path to true honor.
• From Ancient Wisdom to Bacon’s Enlightenment: Through the lens of Bacon’s essay “Of Revenge”, we revisit the age-old question of whether an eye for an eye truly leads to justice. Uncover the profound insights of this literary giant and their relevance in today’s world.

Works Cited

• Animal Welfare Act. (2006). Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/animal-welfare-act-2006
• Cock Fighting Act. (1952).
• Green, B. (2019). Animal Abuse is Not Entertainment. The Journal of Animal Welfare Education, 18(3), 254-259.
• Humane Society of the United States. (2022). Animal Cruelty Facts and Stats. Retrieved from https://www.humanesociety.org/resources/animal-cruelty-facts-and-stats
• Law Teacher. (2022). The Animal Welfare Act 2006.
• May, J. (2020). Exploring the Link Between Animal Abuse and Human Violence. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 29(7), 706-724.
• National Link Coalition. (2022). Links Between Animal Abuse and Other Forms of Violence. Retrieved from https://nationallinkcoalition.org/links-between-animal-abuse-and-other-forms-of-violence/
• RSPCA. (2022). Animal Welfare Act 2006.
• The Zoo Licensing Act. (1981).
• Thompson, K., & Gullone, E. (2006). An Investigation into the Association between the Witnessing of Animal Abuse and Adolescents’ Behavior toward Animals. Society & Animals, 14(3), 221-243.

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Francis Bacon: Essays and Major Works

Give a critical analysis of the essay ‘of revenge’ written by francis bacon. in about 800 words.

Give a critical analysis of the essay ‘Of Revenge’ written by Francis Bacon.

Sorry, I cannot write an essay for you on this short answer forum. 

Revenge is to be discouraged because- (i) it puts the law out of office; (ii) it is ignoble; ( iii) that which is past, is gone and irrevocable ; (iv) it ignores the weakness and selfishness of man's nature.

Revenge is- (i) most allowable when its supplies the defects of law ,(ii) noble when it is taken openly.

The injuries from friends should be forgiven, not avenged.

Revenge keeps one's own wound green.

Public revenges are generally fortunate; not so private ones.

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What is the summary of this essay of revenge by Francis Bacon?

Revenge is a kind of wild justice; which the more man's nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out. For as for the first wrong, it doth but offend the law; but the revenge of that wrong, putteth the law out of office. Certainly, in taking revenge, a man is but even with his enemy; but in passing it over, he is superior; for it is a prince's part to pardon. And Solomon, I am sure, saith, It is the glory of a man, to pass by an offence. That which is past is gone, and irrevocable; and wise men have enough to do, with things present and to come; therefore they do but trifle with themselves, that labor in past matters. There is no man doth a wrong, for the wrong's sake; but thereby to purchase himself profit, or pleasure, or honor, or the like. Therefore why should I be angry with a man, for loving himself better than me? And if any man should do wrong, merely out of ill-nature, why, yet it is but like the thorn or briar, which prick and scratch, because they can do no other. The most tolerable sort of revenge, is for those wrongs which there is no law to remedy; but then let a man take heed, the revenge be such as there is no law to punish; else a man's enemy is still before hand, and it is two for one. Some, when they take revenge, are desirous, the party should know, whence it cometh. This is the more generous. For the delight seemeth to be, not so much in doing the hurt, as in making the party repent. But base and crafty cowards, are like the arrow that flieth in the dark. Cosmus, duke of Florence, had a desperate saying against perfidious or neglecting friends, as if those wrongs were unpardonable; You shall read (saith he) that we are commanded to forgive our enemies; but you never read, that we are commanded to forgive our friends. But yet the spirit of Job was in a better tune: Shall we (saith he) take good at God's hands, and not be content to take evil also? And so of friends in a proportion. This is certain, that a man that studieth revenge, keeps his own wounds green, which otherwise would heal, and do well. Public revenges are for the most part fortunate; as that for the death of Caesar; for the death of Pertinax; for the death of Henry the Third of France ; and many more. But in private revenges, it is not so. Nay rather, vindictive persons live the life of witches; who, as they are mischievous, so end they infortunate

Revenge is:- A Dish Best Served Cold.

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What is the summary of 'Of-Death' by Francis Bacon?

In â??Of Deathâ?? by Bacon discusses manâ??s fear of death. Although nothing exists to really support the belief that death is a horrible experience, it is still a great fear for many people. The essay attempts to provide reasons the reader should not view the inevitable end of us all with fear. The main thrust of his essay is that this is a natural progression and therefore, should not be feared.

When is the summary of an essay located?

What is a good conclusion for an essay about why tattoos are wrong.

A summary of the overall context of the essay.

Complete explanation on Francis Bacon's essay of youth and age?

Bacon's essay "Of Youth and Age" has actually been written to familiarize the people with the worth of the people belonging to two extremely crucial stages of life (i.e., young and old). Involvement of the people belonging to these two age groups in any worldly activity may result in a wonderful success. Moreover, Bacon has also given a great comparison in between young and aged people which seems to be quite interesting for the reader.

Summary of Russell Baker's essay Marriage a la mode?

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Officials had braced for more unrest on Wednesday, but the night’s anti-immigration protests were smaller, with counterprotesters dominating the streets instead.

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After days of violent rioting set off by disinformation around a deadly stabbing rampage, the authorities in Britain had been bracing for more unrest on Wednesday. But by nightfall, large-scale anti-immigration demonstrations had not materialized, and only a few arrests had been made nationwide.

Instead, streets in cities across the country were filled with thousands of antiracism protesters, including in Liverpool, where by late evening, the counterdemonstration had taken on an almost celebratory tone.

Over the weekend, the anti-immigration protests, organized by far-right groups, had devolved into violence in more than a dozen towns and cities. And with messages on social media calling for wider protests and counterprotests on Wednesday, the British authorities were on high alert.

With tensions running high, Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s cabinet held emergency meetings to discuss what has become the first crisis of his recently elected government. Some 6,000 specialist public-order police officers were mobilized nationwide to respond to any disorder, and the authorities in several cities and towns stepped up patrols.

Wednesday was not trouble-free, however.

In Bristol, the police said there was one arrest after a brick was thrown at a police vehicle and a bottle was thrown. In the southern city of Portsmouth, police officers dispersed a small group of anti-immigration protesters who had blocked a roadway. And in Belfast, Northern Ireland, where there have been at least four nights of unrest, disorder continued, and the police service said it would bring in additional officers.

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Tim Walz's military record: What to know about potential VP's National Guard service

Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris selected Minnesota Governor Tim Walz as her running mate on Tuesday, choosing a progressive yet plain-spoken VP candidate from America’s heartland to help her win over rural, white voters.

“I’m pleased to share that I’ve made my decision: Minnesota Governor Tim Walz will join our campaign as my running mate,” Harris said via text to supporters. “Tim is a battle-tested leader who has an incredible track record of getting things done for Minnesota families. I know that he will bring that same principled leadership to our campaign, and to the office of the vice president.”

We look at Walz, a 60-year-old U.S. Army National Guard veteran, and his military career over the years.

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How long was Walz in the military?

Walz served in the military for 24 years, enlisting in the Nebraska National Guard at 17 in 1981 and then transferring to the Minnesota National Guard in 1996. He retired in 2005 to begin his successful run for the U.S. House, representing Minnesota as command sergeant major, among the highest ranks for enlisted soldiers. His battalion went on to deploy to Iraq shortly after Walz's retirement.

Walz specialized in heavy artillery and had proficiency ribbons in sharpshooting and hand grenades.

But during the 21 years that Walz spent working with large artillery pieces, he suffered hearing loss and tinnitus in both ears, Minnesota Public Radio reported. He was allowed to continue his service after undergoing surgery, which partially resolved his hearing loss.

Where did Walz serve, and what did he do in the National Guard?

During his service, Walz responded to natural disasters, including floods and tornadoes in Minnesota and Nebraska, and was deployed overseas for months at a time, according to MPR.

In 2003, he was sent to Italy, where he served with the European Security Force to support the war in Afghanistan. He was also stationed in Norway for joint training with other NATO militaries.

Walz told MPR that he reenlisted in the National Guard after the September 11 attacks but never saw active combat in his years in the military.

Stars and Stripes reported in 2020 that Walz credited his Army experience with helping him steer Minnesota through the COVID-19 pandemic as governor.

As governor of Minnesota, Walz is commander in chief of the 13,000-soldier Minnesota National Guard. “I’m certainly proud of my military service, but it’s one piece of me,” he told Minnesota Public Radio in 2018. “It doesn’t define me.”

Reuters and USA TODAY reporter Tom Vanden Brook contributed to this story.

• Frontiers in Psychiatry
• Computational Psychiatry
• Research Topics

Women in Psychiatry 2024: Computational Psychiatry

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About this Research Topic

Frontiers in Psychiatry is proud to launch this year's Women in Psychiatry: Computational Psychiatry collection to showcasing recent research advances from women across the entire breadth of Computational Psychiatry - presenting advances in theory, experiment, and methodology. This Research Topic is seeking submissions exploring psychiatric disorders through computational modeling of brain or behavior with using data with using data. Suggested topics include psychiatric taxonomy, the utilization of computational work with brain histology, multimodal neuroimaging, papers exploring clinical applications, the emerging field of psychoradiology, computational and statistical methodologies, machine learning approaches, new computational and statistical approaches and translational medicine. At present, less than 30% of researchers worldwide are women. Long-standing biases and gender stereotypes are discouraging girls and women away from science-related fields, and STEM research in particular. Science and gender equality are essential to ensure sustainable development. In order to change traditional mindsets, gender equality must be promoted, stereotypes defeated, and girls and women should be encouraged to pursue STEM careers. Please note: to be considered for this collection, the first or last author should be a researcher who identifies as a woman.

Keywords : women in, computational, computer modelling

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