critical thinking for employment

• Career Advice
• Job Search & Interview
• Productivity
• Public Speaking and Presentation
• Social & Interpersonal Skills
• Professional Development
• Remote Work

Eggcellent Work

25 in-demand jobs that require critical thinking and problem-solving skills  .

One of the most important competencies employers seek for a new hire is critical thinking/problem solving. According to a NACE job outlook survey, employers found their new hires were actually more proficient in competencies other than critical thinking in jobs that require problem solving.

Survey respondents rated the importance of critical thinking/problem solving as 4.62 on a scale of 5, with teamwork and professionalism ranking second and third at 4.556 and 4.46 respectively.

As a percentage, 99.2% of employers surveyed considered critical thinking as an essential skill, but rated just over half (55.8%) of their employees as proficient.

To become more proficient in critical thinking , here’s some advice on Indeed.com and other resources :

• Only accept new information after evaluating it thoroughly. Focus on primary sources and look for objective, quantifiable truth.
• In considering the source and any underlying agendas and biases/motivation that may be at the foundation.
• Ask the right questions , and know what kind of answers you are looking for.
• Learn the art of active listening with eye contact and appropriate body language.
• Save your follow-up questions for when the speaker is finished, and say thanks for the speaker’s time and attention.
• The Ultimate Guide To Critical Thinking
• Is Critical Thinking A Soft Skill Or Hard Skill?
• 5 Creative and Critical Thinking Examples In Workplace
• 10 Best Books On Critical Thinking And Problem Solving
• 12 Common Barriers To Critical Thinking (And How To Overcome Them)

Applying for jobs that require critical and creative thinking

So, when applying for jobs that require critical thinking and problem-solving skills, your résumé and cover letter should highlight the following:

• Your observation skills—Observation skills are important to critical thinking, because observation is the way you receive and objectively process information.
• How well you can evaluate and analyze—That includes your skill to review information and draw educated inferences through technical review.
• How well you communicate—When you can clearly communicate your strategies and ideas, you can perform better at your job and strengthen your team.
• Your problem-solving skills—When you can objectively identify a problem or issue, you can arrive at solutions and outcomes.

So, with critical thinking and problem-solving skills, you will be in high demand in the post-pandemic economic recovery. There are thousands of jobs out there, and most require critical thinkers, who are ready to embark on a fulfilling career with great pay and opportunities for growth and advancement.

Read More: How To List Skills That I Taught Myself On Resume

A sampling of 25 jobs that require critical thinking and problem solving

The following is a sampling of jobs that require critical thinking listed in the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook :

In-Demand Jobs that require critical thinking that have undergone “much faster than average” growth rate (The average rate of growth for all occupations is 8%):

Nurse practitioners.

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 393,300/45%

Entry-level education required: Master’s Degree

2021 Median pay: $123,780

Critical thinking skill for nurse practitioners: Working in a variety of healthcare settings, nurse practitioners provide a full range of health care in settings from hospital wards to local clinics. This is one of those high-stress jobs that require critical thinking.

Home health and personal care aides

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 4,600,600/33%

Entry-level education required: High school diploma or equivalent

2021 Median pay: $29,430

Critical thinking skill for home health and personal care aides:  Monitor the health condition of people with chronic illness or disabilities and assist them with their daily activities.

Statisticians

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 59,800/33%.

2021 Median pay: $95,280

Critical thinking skill for statisticians:  Analyze data and use computational techniques to solve problems. This is another one of the low-stress jobs for problem solvers.

Logisticians

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 247,400/30%           

Entry-level education required: Bachelor’s Degree

2021 Median pay: $77,030

Critical thinking skill for logisticians: Analyze, coordinate, and suggest improvements in an organization’s supply chain. This is an example of a group of low-stress jobs for problem solvers.

T our and travel guides

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 56,800/29%

Entry-level education required: High School Diploma or Equivalent

2021 Median pay: $29,780

Critical thinking skill for tour and travel guides:  Plan, organize, and arrange tailored vacation plans and sightseeing tours for clients.

Coaches and scouts

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 313,800/26%

2021 Median pay: $38,970

Critical thinking skill for coaches and scouts: Evaluate and teach amateur or pro athletes the skills they need to succeed and improve on past team performance.

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 34,500/24%

2021 Median Pay: $105,900

Critical thinking skill for actuaries: Use math and statistics to analyze risks and economic costs. Put this job in the category of best jobs for over-thinkers.

Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 402,600/23%

2021 Median pay: $48,520

Critical thinking skill for substance abuse counselors: Diagnose substance abuse, behavioral disorders, and mental health problems and counsel patients accordingly.

Athletic trainers

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 37,000/23%

2021 Median pay: $498,420  

Critical thinking skill for athletic trainers: Prevent, diagnose, and treat muscle and bone injuries and illnesses.     

Software developers and software quality assurance analysts and testers

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 2,257,400/22%        

2021 Median pay: $110,140

Critical thinking skill for software developers, etc.: Identify problems with software applications and report/correct defects.

Phlebotomists

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 158,400/22%

Entry-level education required: Postsecondary nondegree

2021 Median pay: $37,800

Critical thinking skill for phlebotomists: Draw blood from patients with attention to detail and empathy towards patients who may be uncomfortable.

Broadcast technicians

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 168,300/21%

Entry-level education required: Associates Degree

2021 Median pay: $49,050

Critical thinking skill for broadcast technicians: Set up, operate, maintain, and troubleshoot equipment for media programs .

Market research analysts and marketing specialists

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 904,500/22%

2021 Median pay: $63,920    

Critical thinking skill for market research analysts: Study market conditions and examine potential sales and service opportunities and upgrades.

Preschool teachers, except special education

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 556,000/18%           

Entry-level education required: Associates and Bachelor’s Degrees

2021 Median pay: $30,210

Critical thinking skill for preschool teachers:  Attend to the needs of younger children prior to their entering kindergarten.

Social and human service assistants

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 487,100/17%

Entry-level education required: High School Diploma or equivalent

2021 Median pay: $37,610

Critical thinking skill for social and human service assistants: Provide clients with tailored services to assist people in therapy or rehabilitation settings.

Financial managers

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 799,900/17%

2021 Median pay: $131,710

Critical thinking skill for financial managers: Create detailed financial reports and plan for the organization’s long-term financial goals.

Audiologists

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 15,800/16%

Entry-level education required: Doctoral or professional Degree

Number of jobs projected through 2030

2021 Median pay: $78,950

Critical thinking skill for audiologists:  Diagnose, manage, and treat patients experiencing hearing and balance problems.

In-Demand Jobs with a “faster than average” growth rate and jobs that require creativity and problem solving

Veterinarians.

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 101,300/17%

Entry-level education required: Doctoral or professional degree

2021 Median pay: $100,370

Critical thinking skills for veterinarians: diagnose, treat, and provide care for animals.

The foregoing is but a sample of high-demand jobs that require critical thinking. In fact, most jobs that require critical thinking and problem solving are in high demand.

Management analysts

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 1,032,000/14%

Entry-level education required: Bachelor’s degree

2021 Median pay: $93,000

Critical thinking skill for management analysts: Recommend ways for an organization to improve its operation and efficiency.

Education administrators, all other

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 56,900/13%

2021 Median pay: $90,560

Critical thinking skill for education administrators: Manage, administer, and prepare budgets and education syllabi in a variety of educational settings.

Postsecondary Teachers

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 1,433,600/12%

Entry-level education required: Master’s Degree or Ph.D.   

2021 Median pay: $79,640

Critical thinking skill for postsecondary teachers:  Prepare class syllabi and lesson plans with assessment methods to test student learning.

Aircraft mechanics and service technicians

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 168,700/11%           

Entry-level education required: On-the-job training and FAA approved technician training programs.

2021 Median pay: $65,550

Critical thinking skill for aircraft mechanics: Troubleshoot, repair, and perform scheduled maintenance on aircraft engines and supporting equipment.

Computer and information systems managers

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 534,700/11%           

2021 Median pay: $159,010

Critical thinking skill for computer systems manager:  Plan, coordinate, and oversee IT related activities in a variety of organizations.

Construction managers

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 499,400/11%

2021 Median pay: $98,890

Critical thinking skill for construction managers: Coordinate, plan, budget, and oversee construction projects from inception to completion.

Dietitians and nutritionists

Number of jobs projected through 2030/percent growth from 2020: 73,000/11%

2021 Median pay: $61,650

Critical thinking skill for dietitians: Plan and implement food service and nutritional programs in a variety of settings .

• How To Promote Critical Thinking In The Workplace
• Critical Thinking vs Problem Solving: What’s the Difference?
• What Is The Role Of Communication In Critical Thinking?  
• Brainstorming: Techniques Used To Boost Critical Thinking and Creativity
• 11 Principles Of Critical Thinking  
• 21 High-paying Jobs Nobody Wants
• The Truth About Working in Finance (And the Common Misconceptions)

Jenny Palmer

Founder of Eggcellentwork.com. With over 20 years of experience in HR and various roles in corporate world, Jenny shares tips and advice to help professionals advance in their careers. Her blog is a go-to resource for anyone looking to improve their skills, land their dream job, or make a career change.

Further Reading...

Former Employer Sabotaging New Job? Here’s What You Need to Do

Five Entry level IT Jobs With No Experience (and Without a Degree)

How To Deal With An Incompetent Boss

No comments, leave a reply cancel reply.

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Is Critical Thinking Overrated?  Disadvantages Of Critical Thinking

Brainstorming: techniques used to boost critical thinking and creativity  .

28 Jobs For Critical Thinkers (Logic Lovers’ Lane)

Are you a master of analytical mind games? Love questioning facts, challenging assumptions and solving complex problems?

Then, you’re on the right page!

Today, we’re exploring a list of ideal jobs for critical thinkers.

From data analysts to strategic planners. Each one, is a perfect match for those who thrive on intellectual stimulation and logical reasoning.

Imagine spending your days immersed in thought-provoking tasks, examining problems from every angle.

Intriguing, isn’t it?

So, grab your thinking cap.

And get ready to discover your ideal profession tasking your critical thinking skills!

Data Analyst

Average Salary: $60,000 – $85,000 per year

Data Analysts interpret data and turn it into information which can offer ways to improve a business, thus affecting business decisions.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who enjoy analyzing data patterns, statistics, and trends to provide actionable insights.

Job Duties:

• Collecting Data : Gather various forms of data from multiple sources, ensuring that it is accurate and relevant to the business’s needs.
• Analyzing Data : Use statistical tools to interpret data sets, paying particular attention to trends and patterns that could be valuable for diagnostic and predictive analytics.
• Reporting Findings : Create reports and dashboards that effectively communicate trends, patterns, and predictions using relevant data.
• Collaborating with Stakeholders : Work closely with management to prioritize business and information needs.
• Identifying Process Improvement : Look for opportunities to increase efficiency and automation of data collection and analysis processes.
• Staying Informed : Keep up to date with the latest data analysis methods, tools, and best practices.

Requirements:

• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s degree in Data Science, Statistics, Computer Science, or a related field is highly preferred.
• Analytical Skills : Strong analytical skills with the ability to collect, organize, analyze, and disseminate significant amounts of information with attention to detail and accuracy.
• Technical Proficiency : Proficiency in data analysis tools (such as SQL, R, Python) and data visualization platforms (like Tableau, PowerBI).
• Problem-Solving : Ability to approach complex issues with a critical, objective analysis and come up with intelligent solutions.
• Communication Skills : Excellent written and verbal communication skills to translate complex data into actionable insights for non-technical stakeholders.

Career Path and Growth :

As a Data Analyst, you have the opportunity to make significant contributions to a company’s strategy and direction by providing data-driven insights.

With experience, you can advance to roles such as Senior Data Analyst, Data Scientist, or Analytics Manager, leading larger projects and teams, and influencing decision-making at the highest levels.

Average Salary: $60,000 – $160,000 per year

Lawyers are legal professionals who represent clients in legal matters, providing advice, drafting legal documents, and advocating on their behalf in court.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who enjoy analyzing complex information, constructing arguments, and navigating the intricacies of the legal system.

• Legal Representation : Represent clients in civil or criminal proceedings, presenting evidence and arguing in court to support their case.
• Legal Research : Conduct thorough research on relevant laws, regulations, and legal precedents to inform case strategy and ensure compliance.
• Document Drafting : Prepare legal documents such as contracts, wills, and pleadings, ensuring accuracy and adherence to legal formalities.
• Client Advising : Provide clients with informed legal advice, helping them understand their rights, obligations, and the potential consequences of their actions.
• Negotiation and Mediation : Engage in negotiations to settle disputes and represent clients in mediation or arbitration sessions.
• Continuing Education : Stay updated with changes in laws and legal processes, as well as develop expertise in specialized areas of law.
• Educational Background : A Juris Doctor (JD) degree from an accredited law school is required.
• Bar Exam : Successful passage of the state bar examination where practice is intended.
• Analytical Skills : Ability to interpret complex legal information and craft logical, persuasive arguments.
• Communication Skills : Strong written and verbal communication skills for drafting documents and presenting cases.
• Attention to Detail : Meticulous attention to detail to avoid critical mistakes in legal proceedings and documentation.
• Client Service : Commitment to providing excellent service to clients, including confidentiality and ethical conduct.

A legal career offers diverse opportunities for specialization and advancement.

Lawyers can become subject matter experts in fields such as criminal law, corporate law, or environmental law.

With experience, they may rise to senior positions in law firms, become judges, or transition into legal consultancy roles.

Continuous professional development is essential for career progression and staying relevant in the dynamic field of law.

Software Developer

Average Salary: $70,000 – $120,000 per year

Software Developers are the creative minds behind computer programs and applications.

They design, build, test, and maintain software systems that run on various devices.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who enjoy solving complex problems and creating innovative solutions in the realm of technology.

• Designing and Implementing Software : Develop software solutions by studying information needs, system flow, data usage, and work processes.
• Testing and Debugging : Conduct continuous testing of software to ensure that it is functioning correctly and efficiently, fixing bugs where necessary.
• Documenting Software Functionality : Maintain clear documentation for reference and reporting purposes, explaining the operation of the software to non-technical stakeholders.
• Improving Existing Software : Analyze and improve existing software systems to enhance performance, add new features, or make them more user-friendly.
• Collaborating with Team Members : Work with other developers, designers, and product managers to create cohesive and effective software products.
• Staying Up-to-Date : Keep current with the latest developments in software development technology and practices to ensure the creation of cutting-edge solutions.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science, Software Engineering, or a related field is often required.
• Technical Skills : Proficiency in one or more programming languages, such as Java, C++, Python, or JavaScript.
• Problem-Solving Skills : Strong analytical abilities and a logical approach to addressing software issues and challenges.
• Attention to Detail : The ability to meticulously examine code and design details, ensuring the quality and reliability of software products.
• Teamwork : Comfort with collaboration and the ability to work effectively as part of a cross-functional team.
• Adaptability : The capability to learn and apply new technologies quickly and to adapt to evolving project requirements.

Software Developers have numerous opportunities for career advancement.

With experience, they can move into senior developer roles, software architecture, project management, or specialize in areas such as artificial intelligence or cybersecurity.

The ever-growing tech industry offers continuous learning and the potential to work on groundbreaking projects that shape the way we live and work.

Management Consultant

Average Salary: $75,000 – $150,000 per year

Management Consultants analyze and solve complex problems within organizations, offering strategic advice to improve efficiency, performance, and profitability.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who excel in analyzing data, understanding business dynamics, and crafting innovative solutions.

• Problem Solving : Identify organizational issues and propose strategic solutions to enhance business performance.
• Conducting Research and Analysis : Gather and analyze data to understand business trends and challenges.
• Client Interaction : Work closely with clients to understand their business needs and to provide tailored advice.
• Developing Business Strategies : Create actionable plans to drive change and improve efficiency within client organizations.
• Change Management : Assist clients in implementing recommended strategies and managing the transition process.
• Staying Informed : Continuously update knowledge on business methodologies, market trends, and industry best practices.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration, Economics, Finance, Management, or a related field is often required; an MBA or equivalent may be preferred.
• Analytical Skills : Strong ability to analyze financial reports, market data, and business processes.
• Communication Skills : Excellent verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to present complex information clearly and persuasively.
• Strategic Thinking : Adept at strategic planning and thinking critically about a wide range of business issues.
• Adaptability : Flexibility to work with different industries and adapt strategies to various business environments.

Management Consultants have a clear trajectory for career advancement, often starting as analysts before moving into senior consultant roles.

With experience and a proven track record, they can transition to roles such as Project Manager, Practice Area Specialist, or Partner within a consultancy firm.

There are also opportunities to move into executive management roles within client organizations or to start one’s own consulting business.

Intelligence Analyst

Average Salary: $60,000 – $90,000 per year

Intelligence Analysts are responsible for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting large amounts of data to help inform strategic decisions in various sectors such as national security, law enforcement, and cybersecurity.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who enjoy delving into complex data, recognizing patterns, and deriving meaningful insights to protect and advance national and global interests.

• Collecting Information : Gather data from multiple sources, including surveillance activities, satellite images, and intercepted communications.
• Analyzing Data : Use analytical methods and software to interpret information, identify trends, and forecast potential threats or outcomes.
• Preparing Reports : Compile findings into comprehensive reports and briefings for decision-makers, outlining risks, opportunities, and recommendations.
• Collaborating with Teams : Work closely with other intelligence professionals, law enforcement, and military personnel to support broader intelligence goals.
• Monitoring Developments : Keep abreast of global events, emerging technologies, and changes in political or social landscapes that could impact security.
• Protecting Information : Ensure the integrity and confidentiality of intelligence data through strict adherence to security protocols.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Political Science, International Relations, Security Studies, or a related field is often required.
• Analytical Skills : Strong analytical abilities with an aptitude for critical thinking and problem-solving.
• Attention to Detail : Keen observation skills to detect subtle changes or hidden patterns within complex data sets.
• Communication Skills : Excellent written and verbal communication skills to convey findings clearly and effectively.
• Technical Proficiency : Familiarity with intelligence databases, analytical software, and various research methodologies.
• Security Clearance : Ability to obtain and maintain the necessary security clearance for handling sensitive information.

Intelligence Analysts play a crucial role in shaping security strategies and policies.

With experience, they can advance to senior analyst positions, specialize in particular forms of intelligence, or take on leadership roles within intelligence agencies or private sector firms.

Their critical thinking skills make them invaluable assets in the ever-evolving landscape of global security.

Research Scientist

Average Salary: $70,000 – $100,000 per year

Research Scientists conduct experiments and studies in various scientific fields, such as biology, chemistry, physics, and environmental science, contributing to the advancement of knowledge and technology.

This role is perfect for critical thinkers who enjoy delving into complex problems and seeking evidence-based solutions.

• Designing Experiments : Develop and conduct scientific experiments to test hypotheses and analyze results.
• Collecting and Analyzing Data : Gather data through observation, experiments, or simulations, and use statistical methods to analyze the information.
• Publishing Findings : Write research papers and reports to share findings with the scientific community and the public.
• Applying for Grants : Secure funding for research projects by writing and submitting grant proposals.
• Collaborating with Others : Work with other scientists, both within and across disciplines, to combine expertise and resources.
• Staying Current : Keep up to date with the latest research and developments in your field to inform your work and maintain relevance.
• Educational Background : A Ph.D. in a relevant scientific discipline is typically required, though a Master’s degree may suffice for some positions.
• Analytical Skills : Strong ability to think critically, solve complex problems, and make data-driven decisions.
• Research Experience : Proven experience with scientific research, including designing experiments and publishing results.
• Communication Skills : Excellent written and verbal communication skills for presenting research findings and collaborating with other professionals.
• Technical Proficiency : Familiarity with laboratory equipment, computer software, and statistical analysis tools relevant to the field of study.

Research Scientists have the opportunity to contribute significantly to scientific knowledge and societal advancement.

With experience, they can advance to lead research projects, become principal investigators, or transition into academic positions such as professors.

Additionally, they may move into industry roles, applying their research skills to develop new technologies or products.

Financial Analyst

Financial Analysts are responsible for evaluating financial data, developing forecasts, and advising organizations on future financial decisions and strategies.

This role is perfect for critical thinkers who enjoy analyzing data, uncovering trends, and providing actionable insights to optimize financial performance.

• Financial Data Analysis : Interpret data on past financial performance to forecast future outcomes and identify potential risks and opportunities.
• Creating Financial Models : Develop complex models that help in financial planning and decision-making processes.
• Advising on Investment Strategies : Provide recommendations on investment portfolios, capital allocation, and asset management.
• Preparing Reports : Generate detailed reports that summarize financial research and analysis for internal and external stakeholders.
• Monitoring Economic Trends : Keep a close eye on market trends and economic indicators that may impact the organization’s financial strategy.
• Collaborating with Teams : Work with various departments to gather financial data and align financial strategies with overall business objectives.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s degree in Finance, Economics, Accounting, Business Administration, or a related field is required. A Master’s degree or professional certifications like CFA or CPA are often preferred.
• Analytical Skills : Strong quantitative skills and the ability to interpret financial data and create meaningful reports.
• Attention to Detail : Meticulous attention to detail to ensure the accuracy of financial analyses and projections.
• Communication Skills : Excellent verbal and written communication skills to effectively convey financial information and recommendations.
• Technical Proficiency : Proficiency in financial software, databases, and MS Excel. Familiarity with data analysis tools is a plus.
• Problem-Solving : Ability to approach complex financial issues with logic and creativity to find effective solutions.

Financial Analysts have a clear pathway for career advancement.

Entry-level analysts can progress to senior analyst roles, specialize in certain financial sectors, or move into managerial positions overseeing financial departments.

With a combination of experience, continued education, and professional certifications, analysts can ascend to high-level positions such as Finance Manager, Director of Finance, or Chief Financial Officer (CFO).

There are also opportunities to transition into investment banking, private equity, or portfolio management for those seeking a challenge in different financial landscapes.

Forensic Accountant

Forensic Accountants play a critical role in investigating financial discrepancies, fraud, embezzlement, and other white-collar crimes.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who enjoy applying their analytical skills to unravel complex financial puzzles and ensure legal financial practices.

• Financial Investigation : Examine financial records to identify irregularities and potential evidence of illegal financial activity.
• Litigation Support : Provide assistance in legal cases, preparing reports and presenting findings that may serve as evidence in court.
• Fraud Detection : Utilize accounting and auditing skills to detect signs of fraud and embezzlement within an organization.
• Data Analysis : Analyze financial data using specialized software to identify patterns and anomalies that suggest misconduct.
• Expert Testimony : Serve as an expert witness in court, explaining complex financial information in a way that is understandable to judges and juries.
• Continuing Education : Stay abreast of the latest accounting practices, legal standards, and technologies used in forensic accounting.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Accounting, Forensic Accounting, Finance, or a related field is essential, along with certifications such as Certified Public Accountant (CPA) or Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE).
• Analytical Skills : Exceptional ability to scrutinize detailed financial statements and data for accuracy and signs of malfeasance.
• Attention to Detail : A meticulous approach to work, with a focus on precision and thoroughness in financial investigations.
• Communication Skills : Strong verbal and written communication skills, necessary for reporting findings and providing testimony.
• Integrity : High ethical standards and professionalism to handle sensitive financial information responsibly.
• Problem-Solving : Adept at problem-solving and critical thinking to navigate complex financial cases and uncover the truth.

Forensic Accountants begin their careers in entry-level positions within accounting firms, law enforcement agencies, or legal firms.

With experience, they can advance to senior roles, leading investigations or specialized departments.

The rise of financial crimes and the increasing complexity of the financial landscape ensure a steady demand for skilled forensic accountants with opportunities for career advancement and specialization.

Operations Research Analyst

Operations Research Analysts apply advanced analytical methods to help organizations solve complex problems and make better decisions.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who enjoy using their analytical skills to optimize processes and improve efficiency across various industries.

• Data Analysis : Use statistical analysis and mathematical modeling to analyze data and solve operational problems.
• Optimization : Develop and apply optimization algorithms for resource allocation, scheduling, logistics, and other operational areas.
• Decision Support : Provide recommendations to management based on quantitative analysis to inform policy and strategic decisions.
• Simulation Modeling : Create simulations to predict the impact of changes in the operating environment or to evaluate different scenarios.
• Project Management : Lead and collaborate on projects that require systematic analysis and data-driven insights.
• Continuous Learning : Keep up-to-date with the latest analytical techniques, software tools, and industry trends to maintain a competitive edge.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s degree in Operations Research, Industrial Engineering, Statistics, Mathematics, or a related field is required; a Master’s degree or PhD is often preferred.
• Analytical Skills : Strong ability to apply quantitative methods to analyze data and solve complex problems.
• Technical Proficiency : Proficient with statistical software, databases, and programming languages commonly used in data analysis.
• Problem-Solving : Capability to develop creative solutions to improve operational efficiency and effectiveness.
• Communication Skills : Excellent verbal and written communication skills to explain complex analytical concepts to non-expert stakeholders.
• Teamwork : Ability to work collaboratively in a team environment and contribute to multidisciplinary projects.

Operations Research Analysts have significant opportunities for career advancement.

They can move into higher-level management roles, specialize in a particular industry or sector, or transition into consultancy to tackle a wider range of problems.

As technology and data analysis continue to evolve, skilled analysts are in high demand, creating a strong trajectory for professional growth and development.

Cybersecurity Specialist

Cybersecurity Specialists are the sentinels of the digital world, safeguarding information systems from cyber threats and ensuring data integrity and confidentiality.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who thrive on the challenge of protecting digital assets and thwarting cyber attacks.

• Assessing Security Systems : Evaluate the security posture of information systems and identify vulnerabilities.
• Implementing Security Measures : Develop and enforce policies and protocols to protect digital infrastructure from cyber threats.
• Monitoring Threat Landscape : Keep abreast of emerging cyber threats and trends to proactively defend against them.
• Incident Response : Respond to and mitigate the impact of cyber incidents, and participate in forensic analysis to prevent future attacks.
• Security Awareness Training : Educate employees on cybersecurity best practices and the importance of security protocols.
• Staying Informed : Continuously update your knowledge about cybersecurity advancements, threat intelligence, and regulatory compliance requirements.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s degree in Cybersecurity, Information Technology, Computer Science, or a related field is required, with advanced certifications such as CISSP or CISM being highly desirable.
• Technical Skills : Proficiency in security technologies, ethical hacking, intrusion detection systems, and network security protocols.
• Analytical Thinking : Ability to analyze complex security systems and anticipate potential vulnerabilities or attack vectors.
• Communication Skills : Clear and concise communication, with the ability to explain technical issues to non-technical stakeholders.
• Problem-Solving : Strong problem-solving skills to quickly address and resolve security issues.
• Continuous Learning : Commitment to continuous learning in the rapidly evolving field of cybersecurity.

In the face of growing cyber threats, the demand for Cybersecurity Specialists is on the rise.

Career advancement opportunities include moving into leadership roles such as Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), specializing in areas like penetration testing or digital forensics, or working as an independent consultant for a variety of industries.

Clinical Psychologist

Average Salary: $75,000 – $100,000 per year

Clinical Psychologists assess, diagnose, and treat individuals experiencing psychological distress and mental illness.

They also promote mental health and behavioral wellness.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who are interested in understanding complex human behaviors and utilizing evidence-based approaches to mental health treatment.

• Assessment and Diagnosis : Conduct psychological evaluations using interviews, tests, and observations to determine the mental health status of clients.
• Therapeutic Interventions : Implement various evidence-based therapeutic techniques tailored to individual client needs.
• Research and Evaluation : Engage in research to develop new psychological approaches and assess the effectiveness of treatments.
• Interdisciplinary Collaboration : Work with other healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care to clients.
• Client Education : Educate clients and their families about mental health conditions and coping strategies.
• Continuing Education : Stay up-to-date with the latest research and advancements in the field of psychology.
• Educational Background : A Doctoral degree (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) in Clinical Psychology from an accredited program is required.
• Licensure : Must be licensed to practice as a Clinical Psychologist in the state of practice.
• Communication Skills : Excellent verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to build rapport and effectively convey information to clients.
• Critical Thinking : Strong critical thinking skills to assess complex cases and devise appropriate treatment plans.
• Empathy : A deep understanding of human behavior and a compassionate approach to client care.
• Adaptability : Ability to adjust therapeutic approaches to meet the diverse needs of individual clients.

As a Clinical Psychologist, there is potential for career growth in various directions, including private practice, academic and clinical research positions, administrative roles in mental health care facilities, and specialized areas such as neuropsychology or health psychology.

Experienced psychologists may also become educators and trainers for upcoming professionals in the field.

Average Salary: $76,000 – $122,000 per year

Economists conduct research, analyze data, and evaluate economic issues for resources, goods, and services.

They apply their expertise to a variety of fields, including finance, labor, agriculture, and government.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who enjoy applying quantitative and analytical skills to study the production and distribution of resources, goods, and services by analyzing data and trends.

• Data Analysis : Utilize statistical techniques and models to analyze economic data.
• Research : Conduct research on economic issues and disseminate findings through reports and papers.
• Policy Development : Advise businesses, governments, and organizations on economic decisions and policy formulation based on research findings.
• Economic Forecasting : Predict market trends by analyzing data and economic conditions.
• Presentations and Lectures : Share insights and research findings with stakeholders, policymakers, or academic audiences.
• Continuous Learning : Stay updated with the latest economic theories, models, and techniques.
• Educational Background : A Master’s or Ph.D. in Economics is typically required, although a Bachelor’s degree may be sufficient for entry-level positions.
• Analytical Skills : Strong ability to analyze data and understand economic trends and patterns.
• Quantitative Skills : Proficiency with statistical software and econometric methods.
• Communication Skills : Excellent writing and speaking skills to clearly present complex economic concepts and findings.
• Detail-Oriented : A meticulous approach to data and policy analysis.
• Critical Thinking : Ability to approach problems logically and propose rational solutions.

A career as an Economist offers opportunities to influence and shape economic policy and practice.

With experience, Economists can progress to senior analytical roles, become subject matter experts, or lead research teams.

There is also potential for Economists to take on advisory roles in government or international organizations, contribute to academic advancements in the field, or transition into higher-paying private sector positions.

Computer Systems Analyst

Computer Systems Analysts are professionals who study an organization’s current computer systems and design information systems solutions to help the enterprise operate more efficiently and effectively.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who enjoy tackling complex problems and optimizing system functionality to meet business goals.

• Assessing System Requirements : Evaluate the technological needs of an organization and determine how computers can best meet those needs.
• Designing Solutions : Devise efficient and cost-effective computer systems, integrating both hardware and software to support business objectives.
• Improving System Efficiency : Analyze and improve the performance of existing computer systems to increase productivity.
• Testing and Configuration : Oversee the implementation of new systems, including testing and configuration to ensure smooth operation.
• Training Users : Provide training and support to users to help them adapt to new systems and technologies.
• Staying Updated : Continuously learn about new technologies and system upgrades that could improve business operations.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science, Information Technology, or a related field is generally required.
• Analytical Skills : Strong analytical skills to study an organization’s systems and recommend technological solutions.
• Technical Expertise : Proficiency in computer hardware and software systems, as well as an understanding of the various software languages and databases.
• Problem-Solving : Ability to diagnose and resolve complex system issues.
• Communication Skills : Clear communication to explain technical concepts to non-technical users and stakeholders.
• Project Management : Skills in managing projects, often involving the deployment of new systems or upgrades.

Computer Systems Analysts have a critical role in ensuring that organizations leverage technology for strategic advantage.

With experience, they can progress to senior analyst roles, specialize in specific industries or technologies, or move into IT management or consultancy.

There is also the potential to lead major IT projects or become a Chief Technology Officer (CTO) for an organization.

Political Strategist

Average Salary: $55,000 – $100,000 per year

Political Strategists are key players in election campaigns, developing comprehensive strategies to ensure the success of a candidate or political party.

This role is perfect for critical thinkers who are passionate about politics and have the skills to analyze public opinion and political trends to craft winning strategies.

• Developing Campaign Strategies : Create and implement detailed plans for political campaigns, addressing voter demographics, key issues, and opposition strategies.
• Managing Media Relations : Oversee the communication between the campaign and the media, including press releases, interviews, and public statements.
• Conducting Poll Analysis : Analyze polling data to understand voter behavior and preferences, and adjust campaign tactics accordingly.
• Speech Writing : Assist in writing and editing speeches, ensuring the candidate’s message aligns with campaign goals and resonates with the electorate.
• Public Engagement : Organize and manage events, rallies, and town halls to increase candidate visibility and voter engagement.
• Monitoring Political Trends : Stay informed on the latest political developments, legislative changes, and social issues that may impact campaign strategies.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s degree in Political Science, Communications, Public Relations, or a related field is often required.
• Strong Analytical Skills : Ability to dissect complex political information and polling data to make informed strategic decisions.
• Excellent Communication : Superior verbal and written communication skills, with the capacity to craft compelling messages and counterarguments.
• Understanding of Political Landscape : In-depth knowledge of the political system, electoral processes, and key issues that influence voters.
• Adaptability and Resilience : The agility to adapt to rapidly changing political climates and to handle high-pressure situations.

Political Strategists play a crucial role in shaping electoral outcomes and public policy.

With experience, they can take on higher leadership roles within political campaigns, work as consultants for multiple campaigns or political organizations, or even transition into public office themselves.

The skills developed as a Political Strategist are highly transferable and valued in various sectors, including public affairs, lobbying, and political commentary.

Academic Professor

Average Salary: $60,000 – $150,000 per year

Academic Professors teach and conduct research at colleges and universities across a wide range of disciplines.

This role is perfect for critical thinkers who enjoy delving into complex subjects and fostering a similar inquisitiveness in their students.

• Delivering Lectures : Conduct comprehensive and thought-provoking lectures, seminars, and workshops in your field of expertise.
• Curriculum Development : Design course materials and syllabi that reflect the latest developments in the subject area and challenge students to think critically.
• Research : Engage in scholarly research, often with the aim of publishing work that contributes to the body of knowledge in your discipline.
• Advising Students : Provide academic guidance and mentorship to students, helping them develop their own critical thinking and research skills.
• Assessment and Feedback : Create and grade assignments and exams, providing constructive feedback to facilitate student learning and improvement.
• Academic Collaboration : Participate in departmental meetings, collaborate with peers on academic projects, and contribute to the university community.
• Educational Background : A Ph.D. or terminal degree in a relevant discipline is typically required.
• Research Skills : Strong research abilities and a track record of publications or presentations in the field.
• Communication Skills : Excellent verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to distill complex concepts for a variety of audiences.
• Critical Thinking : An analytical mindset with the ability to challenge conventional wisdom and encourage students to do the same.
• Commitment to Education : A dedication to teaching and the intellectual growth of students.

As an Academic Professor, you have the opportunity to shape the minds of future generations and potentially make significant contributions to your field of study.

Career advancement can include promotion to senior academic positions such as Department Chair, Dean, or other administrative roles.

Professors may also gain recognition through their research and become leading experts consulted on national or global issues related to their area of expertise.

Business Strategist

Business Strategists are responsible for developing and executing strategies to improve an organization’s market position and achieve financial growth.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who enjoy analyzing market trends, conceptualizing business initiatives, and driving strategic decision-making.

• Developing Business Strategies : Create comprehensive business plans that address specific targets and objectives, aligning with the company’s vision and goals.
• Market Analysis : Conduct in-depth market research to identify opportunities for expansion or improvement and to stay ahead of industry trends.
• Financial Forecasting : Evaluate financial implications of proposed strategies and forecast their potential impact on the business’s bottom line.
• Collaboration with Teams : Work closely with cross-functional teams to ensure the successful implementation of strategies and initiatives.
• Performance Analysis : Monitor and analyze the performance of implemented strategies, adjusting them as necessary to maximize results.
• Advising Leadership : Provide strategic recommendations to top management based on market research and performance data.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Business Administration, Economics, Finance, or a related field is preferable.
• Strategic Thinking : Strong ability to think critically and strategically, with a focus on long-term business planning and market positioning.
• Analytical Skills : Exceptional analytical skills, with the ability to interpret complex data and translate it into actionable business insights.
• Communication Skills : Excellent verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to articulate strategies and persuade stakeholders.
• Leadership : Experience in leading teams or projects, with the ability to inspire and drive change within an organization.
• Problem-Solving : Proven track record of effective problem-solving and the ability to navigate complex business challenges.

Business Strategists play a crucial role in shaping the future of companies.

With experience, they can rise to top executive positions, such as Chief Strategy Officer, or specialize in areas like digital transformation or global market expansion.

There are also opportunities for Business Strategists to consult independently, offering their expertise to a diverse range of clients.

Biostatistician

Average Salary: $75,000 – $125,000 per year

Biostatisticians apply mathematical and statistical techniques to analyze data and solve complex problems in the biological sciences, including public health, medicine, and genetics.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who enjoy utilizing their mathematical expertise to contribute to advancements in healthcare and medical research.

• Designing Experiments and Studies : Collaborate with medical researchers to design studies that yield reliable and valid results.
• Data Analysis : Apply statistical methods to analyze and interpret data from clinical trials, public health studies, or genetic research.
• Developing Statistical Models : Create models to predict outcomes or to understand the relationship between variables in biological processes.
• Reporting Results : Prepare comprehensive reports that summarize analysis findings for stakeholders, which may include scientists, healthcare professionals, or policymakers.
• Collaborative Research : Work as part of a multidisciplinary team to address complex health issues and contribute to scholarly publications.
• Staying Current : Continuously update knowledge of statistical methods and advancements in the field of biostatistics.
• Educational Background : A Master’s degree or Ph.D. in Biostatistics, Statistics, or a related field is typically required.
• Analytical Skills : Strong analytical skills with the ability to apply statistical techniques to large datasets.
• Attention to Detail : Precision and meticulousness in data analysis to ensure accuracy of results.
• Communication Skills : Strong written and verbal communication skills to effectively present findings to both scientific and non-scientific audiences.
• Problem-Solving : Ability to identify and address complex problems using statistical reasoning.
• Technical Proficiency : Proficiency in statistical software such as SAS, R, or SPSS.

Biostatisticians play a crucial role in the development of new medical treatments and understanding health trends.

With experience, they can advance to lead large research projects, become senior statistical consultants, or hold managerial positions overseeing biostatistical teams.

Additionally, there are opportunities in academia for teaching and conducting independent research.

Average Salary: $55,000 – $80,000 per year

Logicians are critical thinkers who specialize in analyzing problems, creating systems, and understanding logical processes.

They are often employed in fields such as computer science, mathematics, and philosophy.

This role is ideal for individuals who have a talent for structured reasoning and are fascinated by the formulation of arguments, problem-solving, and systematization.

• Analyzing Complex Problems : Use logical reasoning to break down complex issues into manageable components for better understanding and resolution.
• Creating Logical Frameworks : Develop systems and frameworks that can be applied to various scenarios in a consistent and structured manner.
• Conducting Research : Engage in research to understand the principles underlying logical processes and to stay updated with the latest developments in the field.
• Evaluating Arguments : Assess the validity and soundness of arguments, identifying logical fallacies and biases.
• Teaching and Consulting : Provide instruction or advice on logical thinking and methodologies, potentially across different disciplines.
• Technical Writing : Prepare detailed reports, papers, or documentation that clearly communicate logical structures and reasoning.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s degree in a relevant field such as Philosophy, Mathematics, Computer Science, or a related analytical discipline is often required.
• Analytical Skills : Strong ability to think critically and analytically, with a focus on problem-solving and logical structuring.
• Attention to Detail : Precision and attention to detail are crucial for creating valid logical frameworks and analyzing complex arguments.
• Communication Skills : Proficiency in written and verbal communication to effectively convey logical concepts and findings.
• Continuous Learning : A commitment to lifelong learning in order to keep up with evolving logical methodologies and applications.

The role of a Logician offers the opportunity to contribute significantly to the field of logic and its applications.

With experience, Logicians can become thought leaders, advance to more senior analytical roles, or specialize in areas such as artificial intelligence, data analysis, or academic research.

Medical Diagnostics Specialist

Medical Diagnostics Specialists play a critical role in healthcare by analyzing medical tests to diagnose diseases, conditions, and infections.

This role is fundamental in guiding treatment decisions and monitoring patient progress.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who enjoy applying their analytical skills to solve complex medical problems and contribute to patient care.

• Analyzing Medical Tests : Evaluate and interpret results from various diagnostic tests, including blood work, imaging studies, and tissue samples.
• Collaborating with Healthcare Teams : Work closely with physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals to provide accurate diagnoses and inform treatment plans.
• Quality Control : Ensure that diagnostic equipment and tests are functioning correctly and that results are reliable and accurate.
• Developing Diagnostic Protocols : Create and update protocols for testing to improve accuracy and efficiency in the diagnostics process.
• Continuing Education : Stay abreast of the latest developments in medical diagnostics, including new testing methods and advancements in technology.
• Communication with Patients : Occasionally explain test procedures and results to patients, providing clear and empathetic communication.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s degree in a related field such as Biomedical Science, Clinical Laboratory Science, or Medical Technology is required, with many roles requiring a Master’s degree or higher.
• Attention to Detail : Meticulous attention to detail to ensure the accuracy of test results and diagnoses.
• Analytical Skills : Strong critical thinking and problem-solving skills to interpret complex test results and make informed decisions.
• Technical Proficiency : Proficiency with diagnostic equipment and software used in the analysis of medical tests.
• Interpersonal Skills : Excellent communication skills to interact effectively with the healthcare team and patients.

Medical Diagnostics Specialists are at the forefront of patient care, and their expertise is crucial for the early detection of diseases and the monitoring of treatment outcomes.

With experience, these specialists can advance to supervisory or managerial roles, oversee laboratory operations, or become involved in research and development of new diagnostic technologies and methodologies.

Philosophical Writer

Average Salary: $40,000 – $70,000 per year

Philosophical Writers craft thought-provoking content, exploring and analyzing various philosophical theories, ethical dilemmas, and existential questions.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who relish the challenge of dissecting complex ideas and presenting them in a clear, engaging manner.

• Writing Philosophical Content : Create compelling articles, essays, and books that explore philosophical concepts, historical philosophical debates, and contemporary ethical issues.
• Research and Analysis : Delve into philosophical literature to understand and critically assess ideas from a wide range of philosophical schools of thought.
• Engaging Public Discourse : Use your writing to participate in and stimulate public discussions on philosophical topics, contributing to a broader understanding of the subject.
• Editing and Revising : Carefully revise your work to ensure clarity, coherence, and readability, making complex ideas accessible to a general audience.
• Educational Contributions : Potentially collaborate with academic institutions or online educational platforms to create content that can be used for teaching philosophy.
• Staying Updated : Keep abreast of new developments and discussions in the field of philosophy to ensure your writing remains current and relevant.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s or higher degree in Philosophy, Ethics, or a related field is highly beneficial.
• Strong Analytical Skills : The ability to analyze and synthesize complex philosophical arguments is essential.
• Exceptional Writing Ability : Proficient writing skills, with the capacity to communicate intricate ideas in a comprehensible and engaging way.
• Passion for Philosophy : A deep interest in philosophical inquiry and a commitment to exploring life’s big questions.
• Research Proficiency : Skilled at conducting thorough research and referencing academic sources appropriately.
• Critical Thinking : Excellent critical thinking skills to evaluate arguments and develop original perspectives.

Philosophical Writers have the opportunity to influence and contribute to intellectual discourse, potentially shaping the way society understands and approaches philosophical issues.

With experience, they can advance to positions such as lead authors, editors, or columnists in prestigious publications, or transition into academic roles.

There’s also the potential for public speaking engagements, workshops, or participation in think tanks and research institutions.

Average Salary: $180,000 – $300,000 per year

Physicians diagnose and treat illnesses, manage patient care, and advise on preventative health measures in a variety of medical settings.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who are committed to improving patient health outcomes and enjoy the challenges of complex problem-solving in medicine.

• Diagnosing Illnesses : Evaluate patient symptoms and medical history to diagnose conditions.
• Developing Treatment Plans : Create and manage comprehensive treatment plans tailored to individual patient needs.
• Answering Patient Questions : Provide clear explanations and guidance to patients regarding their diagnoses, treatments, and health maintenance.
• Continuing Education : Stay abreast of the latest medical research, treatments, and protocols to provide cutting-edge care to patients.
• Collaborating with Healthcare Team : Work with nurses, specialists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure cohesive patient care.
• Preventative Health : Advise patients on lifestyle changes and preventative measures to improve their overall health.
• Educational Background : A Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree, followed by a residency in a specialized field of medicine.
• Medical Licensure : A valid medical license to practice in your state or country, which requires passing a series of board exams.
• Critical Thinking Skills : Excellent problem-solving abilities to diagnose and treat complex medical issues.
• Communication Skills : Strong verbal and written communication skills to effectively interact with patients and the healthcare team.
• Compassion : A genuine desire to help others and provide empathetic care to patients.
• Adaptability : Ability to adjust to rapidly changing medical situations and advancements in healthcare.

As a physician, you have the opportunity to make significant contributions to patient health and the medical field.

With experience and continued education, physicians can advance to leadership roles, specialize in niche medical areas, conduct medical research, or teach in medical schools.

The career path also allows for participation in global health initiatives or healthcare policy development, broadening the scope of influence in the field of medicine.

Philosopher

Average Salary: $40,000 – $65,000 per year

Philosophers engage in critical thinking and debate on various topics, including ethics, logic, metaphysics, epistemology, and other realms of the humanities.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who enjoy analyzing and discussing profound questions about existence, society, and the human condition.

• Conducting Research : Delve into philosophical texts and theories to develop new insights or critique existing viewpoints.
• Teaching : Educate students at the secondary or postsecondary level on different philosophical perspectives and critical thinking skills.
• Writing Papers and Articles : Author thought-provoking essays and scholarly papers that contribute to academic discourse and public understanding.
• Leading Discussions : Facilitate seminars and discussion groups that challenge participants to consider various ethical, existential, and theoretical problems.
• Public Speaking : Engage with broader audiences through lectures, panel discussions, or public debates on philosophical issues.
• Staying Informed : Keep abreast of new developments in the field of philosophy and related disciplines.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s degree is required, with a Master’s or Ph.D. in Philosophy highly preferred for advanced positions.
• Analytical Skills : Strong ability to dissect arguments, recognize logical fallacies, and construct coherent viewpoints.
• Passion for Inquiry : A deep interest in exploring fundamental questions about life, society, and morality.
• Communication Skills : Excellent verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to discuss complex ideas clearly and persuasively.
• Open-mindedness : Willingness to consider and debate a wide range of theories and perspectives.

This role offers the opportunity to contribute to philosophical scholarship and engage in intellectual discourse.

With experience, philosophers can become recognized experts in their field, lead academic departments, and influence public policy or cultural thinking through their insights.

Additionally, they can become authors of influential books or articles, shaping the philosophical dialogue of their time.

Detectives are crucial law enforcement officers who investigate crimes, gather evidence, and solve complex cases.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who are passionate about solving puzzles, seeking justice, and ensuring community safety.

• Investigating Crimes : Conduct thorough and detailed investigations into criminal activities, analyzing crime scenes, and gathering evidence.
• Interviewing Witnesses and Suspects : Carry out interviews and interrogations to obtain vital information relevant to cases.
• Conducting Surveillance : Monitor suspects and locations to collect actionable intelligence and evidence.
• Documenting Investigations : Accurately record all investigative processes, findings, and outcomes in detailed reports.
• Collaborating with Other Departments : Work closely with other law enforcement agencies and departments to build strong cases.
• Continuous Learning : Stay abreast of the latest investigative techniques, legal updates, and technological advancements in law enforcement.
• Educational Background : A degree in Criminal Justice, Forensic Science, Criminology, or a related field is often required.
• Strong Analytical Skills : Exceptional ability to analyze information, think critically, and make sound judgments.
• Attention to Detail : Keen observational skills and meticulous attention to detail are essential for collecting and examining evidence.
• Communication Skills : Proficient verbal and written communication skills for interviewing and report writing.
• Physical and Emotional Stamina : The ability to handle physically demanding tasks, stressful situations, and emotional strain.
• Problem-Solving : Adept at solving complex problems and thinking outside the box to resolve challenging cases.

Detectives play a critical role in the criminal justice system.

With experience, they can move up to senior detective roles, specialize in areas like homicide or cybercrime, or advance to leadership positions within law enforcement agencies.

Detectives can also further their careers by attaining additional certifications and training in advanced investigative techniques.

IT Strategist

Average Salary: $90,000 – $140,000 per year

IT Strategists are responsible for planning and directing an organization’s technology-related strategies, policies, and initiatives.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who enjoy using their analytical skills to align technology initiatives with business goals.

• Developing IT Strategies : Create comprehensive IT strategies that support the organization’s overall business objectives and promote efficient operations.
• Conducting Technology Analysis : Evaluate current technology trends, software, and hardware to recommend solutions that improve business performance.
• Collaborating with Management : Work closely with executives and department heads to develop and implement technology plans that align with company goals.
• Overseeing IT Projects : Manage the planning and execution of IT projects, ensuring they meet strategic objectives, timelines, and budgets.
• Improving IT Infrastructure : Analyze and enhance the organization’s IT infrastructure to support growth and ensure robust security measures are in place.
• Keeping Abreast of Developments : Stay informed about emerging technologies and innovations that can give the company a competitive edge.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Information Technology, Computer Science, Business Administration, or a related field is generally required.
• Analytical Skills : Strong analytical and problem-solving skills to assess complex information systems and improve technology environments.
• Strategic Planning : Proven experience in developing and implementing IT strategies that are in line with business goals.
• Communication Skills : Excellent verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to explain technical concepts to non-technical stakeholders.
• Leadership : Strong leadership abilities to guide technology teams and drive strategic initiatives.
• Adaptability : Capability to adapt to rapidly changing technology landscapes and business needs.

This role offers the opportunity to shape the technological future of an organization, playing a key part in its success and growth.

With experience, IT Strategists can advance to higher leadership positions, such as Chief Information Officer (CIO) or Chief Technology Officer (CTO), where they can have an even greater impact on the company’s strategic direction.

Policy Analyst

Average Salary: $55,000 – $70,000 per year

Policy Analysts research, analyze, and evaluate the effects of public policies and provide insights and recommendations to governments, non-profits, or private sector organizations.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who are passionate about using their analytical skills to influence and improve societal outcomes.

• Researching Policies : Conduct in-depth research on existing policies and proposed legislation to understand their impacts on various sectors and populations.
• Analyzing Data : Evaluate data and statistics to identify trends, potential issues, and outcomes of policy implementations.
• Developing Policy Recommendations : Create reports and briefs proposing changes or enhancements to current policies based on empirical evidence and analysis.
• Communicating Findings : Present complex policy issues and analysis results to stakeholders in a clear and concise manner.
• Stakeholder Engagement : Liaise with government officials, advocacy groups, and the public to gather input and build consensus around policy initiatives.
• Monitoring Legislation : Keep abreast of legislative developments and potential changes that may affect policy areas of interest.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s degree in Political Science, Public Policy, Economics, or a related field is required. A Master’s degree is often preferred.
• Analytical Skills : Strong ability to analyze complex data, draw conclusions, and make reasoned arguments.
• Communication Skills : Excellent writing and verbal communication skills, with the ability to explain complicated policy issues in an accessible way.
• Research Proficiency : Proficient in qualitative and quantitative research methods and familiar with data analysis tools.
• Critical Thinking : Ability to objectively evaluate information and policy options from multiple perspectives.
• Problem-Solving : Innovative thinking to develop practical and creative policy solutions to address societal challenges.

As a Policy Analyst, there are opportunities to specialize in various fields such as health, environment, education, or economic policy.

With experience, Policy Analysts can move into senior advisory roles, lead research teams, or transition into government positions influencing the development and implementation of policies directly.

Chemical Engineer

Chemical Engineers apply principles of chemistry, physics, mathematics, and engineering to design and troubleshoot processes for producing, transforming, and transporting materials.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who excel in problem-solving and have a keen interest in developing processes that can lead to innovative products and solutions.

• Process Design and Optimization : Develop and optimize chemical processes to improve efficiency, safety, and sustainability.
• Research and Development : Conduct experiments to create new materials, products, or production techniques.
• Quality Control : Ensure that products meet required specifications and standards through rigorous testing and adjustments.
• Scale-Up Production : Transition laboratory processes to full-scale production while addressing challenges that arise during scaling.
• Environmental Compliance : Monitor and improve operations to comply with environmental regulations and promote eco-friendly practices.
• Technical Support and Troubleshooting : Provide expertise to resolve issues in manufacturing processes and to implement corrective actions.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s degree in Chemical Engineering or a related field is required, with a Master’s or Ph.D. preferred for advanced positions.
• Problem-Solving Skills : Strong analytical skills to troubleshoot issues and develop innovative solutions to complex engineering problems.
• Technical Knowledge : In-depth understanding of chemical processes, materials science, and industry-specific technologies.
• Teamwork and Collaboration : Ability to work effectively in multidisciplinary teams, often coordinating with other engineers and scientists.
• Attention to Detail : Meticulous attention to detail for designing processes and ensuring the safety and quality of products.

Chemical Engineers can expect to work on a wide range of projects in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, food and beverage, and environmental technology.

With experience, Chemical Engineers can advance to senior engineering roles, management positions, or specialize in areas like process engineering, product development, or environmental sustainability.

Continuous learning and staying abreast of technological advancements are essential for career progression in this field.

Biomedical Researcher

Biomedical Researchers conduct experiments and research studies to advance knowledge in medicine and biology to improve human health.

This role is ideal for critical thinkers who are passionate about scientific discovery and innovation in healthcare.

• Conducting Research Studies : Design and perform scientific experiments to investigate human diseases, develop medical treatments, and improve healthcare technologies.
• Collaborating with Medical Professionals : Work alongside doctors, clinicians, and other researchers to translate research findings into clinical practice.
• Analyzing Data : Utilize statistical techniques to analyze complex biological data and draw meaningful conclusions.
• Writing Grants and Papers : Secure funding through grant writing and disseminate research findings via scientific publications and presentations.
• Adhering to Ethical Standards : Ensure all research complies with ethical guidelines and regulations for the responsible conduct of research.
• Staying Current : Keep up-to-date with the latest scientific advancements and medical breakthroughs in the field of biomedicine.
• Educational Background : A Bachelor’s degree in a biological science is required, with many positions requiring a Master’s or Ph.D. in Biomedical Science, Biochemistry, or a related field.
• Research Skills : Strong analytical and experimental skills, with the ability to design and conduct rigorous scientific studies.
• Attention to Detail : Precision and careful attention to detail when conducting experiments and analyzing data.
• Problem-Solving : Capacity to identify and solve complex biological problems using critical thinking.
• Communication Skills : Excellent written and verbal communication skills for sharing research findings with the scientific community and the public.
• Technical Proficiency : Familiarity with laboratory techniques, bioinformatics tools, and data analysis software.

As a Biomedical Researcher, there are opportunities to contribute to life-saving advancements and shape the future of medicine.

With experience, researchers can lead their own labs, become principal investigators, and influence healthcare policy or transition into biotech and pharmaceutical industries in senior research positions.

Philosophical Consultant

Average Salary: $50,000 – $70,000 per year

Philosophical Consultants apply philosophical methods and theories to analyze and solve complex problems in various industries, including business, healthcare, education, and government.

This role is ideal for individuals who appreciate deep thinking and wish to utilize their expertise in philosophy to offer insights and guidance in professional contexts.

• Problem-Solving : Employ philosophical frameworks to address and resolve ethical dilemmas, strategic issues, and conceptual conflicts within organizations.
• Workshops and Seminars : Design and facilitate workshops or seminars that encourage critical thinking, ethical decision-making, and philosophical discussion among participants.
• Guidance and Advice : Provide expert advice on philosophical matters to support decision-making processes in various sectors.
• Developing Philosophical Content : Create materials and resources that introduce philosophical concepts in a practical and accessible manner for non-academic audiences.
• Collaboration with Teams : Work alongside other professionals, contributing a philosophical perspective to interdisciplinary projects and discussions.
• Continuous Learning : Stay informed about recent developments in philosophical thought and how these can be applied to contemporary issues.
• Educational Background : A Master’s or Doctorate degree in Philosophy or a closely related field is often required.
• Analytical Skills : Strong ability to analyze and systematically approach problems using philosophical methods.
• Communication Skills : Excellent verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to express complex ideas clearly and persuasively.
• Interdisciplinary Understanding : An appreciation for how philosophy intersects with other disciplines and the ability to apply philosophical insight across various contexts.
• Facilitation Skills : Proficiency in leading discussions and workshops that stimulate critical thinking and philosophical inquiry.

Philosophical Consultants have the opportunity to impact decision-making and strategy across multiple sectors by introducing a critical and ethical dimension to discussions.

With experience, Philosophical Consultants can advance to leadership positions within consultancy firms, specialize in particular industries, or expand their practice to international consulting roles, shaping organizational cultures and influencing global policies.

And there you have it.

A comprehensive overview of the most stimulating jobs for critical thinkers.

With such a vast range of opportunities available, there is undoubtedly something suited for every analytical mind out there.

So go above and beyond to venture into your dreams of engaging in critical thinking on a daily basis.

Remember: It’s NEVER too late to transform your intellectual prowess into a fruitful profession.

Earning Like a Boss: A Deep Dive into the Most Lucrative Jobs Today!

The Stark Reality of Low Pay: Jobs Where Earnings Might Surprise You

Play for Pay: Fun Jobs That Will Make You Love Mondays

The No-Sweat Path to Prosperity: Easy Jobs with Impressive Paychecks!

Sick of the Office? Here Are High-Paying Remote Jobs Just for You!

The Editorial Team at InterviewGuy.com is composed of certified interview coaches, seasoned HR professionals, and industry insiders. With decades of collective expertise and access to an unparalleled database of interview questions, we are dedicated to empowering job seekers. Our content meets real-time industry demands, ensuring readers receive timely, accurate, and actionable advice. We value our readers' insights and encourage feedback, corrections, and questions to maintain the highest level of accuracy and relevance.

Similar Posts

30 Jobs For Lazy Introverts (Peaceful Profits)

25 Reasons to Become a Senior Consultant (Guide to Success!)

26 Disadvantages of Being an Application Manager (A Tech Tornado!)

25 Disadvantages of Being a Cook (The Unseasoned Truth)

43 Most Thankless Jobs (Unsung Laborers Unveiled)

28 Jobs For Piano Performance Majors (Striking Chords!)

Leave a reply cancel reply.

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

• Military & Veterans
• Transfer Students
• Education Partnerships
• COVID-19 Info
• 844-PURDUE-G
• Student Login
• Request Info
• Bachelor of Science
• Master of Science
• Associate of Applied Science
• Graduate Certificate
• Master of Business Administration
• ExcelTrack Master of Business Administration
• ExcelTrack Bachelor of Science
• Postbaccalaureate Certificate
• Certificate
• Associate of Applied Science (For Military Students)
• Programs and Courses
• Master of Public Administration
• Doctor of Education
• Postgraduate Certificate
• Bachelor of Science in Psychology
• Master of Health Care Administration
• Master of Health Informatics
• Doctor of Health Science
• Associate of Applied of Science (For Military Students)
• Associate of Science (For Military Students)
• Master of Public Health
• Executive Juris Doctor
• Juris Doctor
• Dual Master's Degrees
• ExcelTrack Master of Science
• Master of Science (DNP Path)
• Bachelor of Science (RN-to-BSN)
• ExcelTrack Bachelor of Science (RN-to-BSN)
• Associate of Science
• Doctor of Nursing Practice
• Master of Professional Studies

The average Purdue Global military student is awarded 54% of the credits needed for an associate's and 45% of the credits needed for a bachelor's.

• General Education Mobile (GEM) Program
• AAS in Health Science
• AS in Health Science
• BS in Organizational Management
• BS in Professional Studies
• AAS in Criminal Justice
• AAS in Small Group Management
• AAS Small Group Management
• Master's Degrees
• Bachelor's Degrees
• Associate's Degrees
• Certificate Programs
• Continuous Learning Courses
• Tuition and Financial Aid Overview
• Financial Aid Process
• Financial Aid Awards
• Financial Aid Resources
• Financial Aid Frequently Asked Questions
• Financial Aid Information Guide
• Tuition and Savings
• Aviation Degree Tuition and Fees
• Professional Studies Tuition and Fees
• Single Courses and Micro-Credentials
• Time and Tuition Calculator
• Net Price Calculator
• Military Benefits and Tuition Assistance
• Military Educational Resources
• Military Tuition Reductions
• Military Spouses
• Student Loans
• Student Grants
• Outside Scholarships
• Loan Management
• Financial Literacy Tools
• Academic Calendar
• General Requirements
• Technology Requirements
• Returning Students
• Work and Life Experience Credit
• DREAMers Education Initiative
• Student Identity
• Student Experience
• Online Experience
• Student Life
• Alumni Engagement
• International Students
• Academic Support
• Career Services
• COVID-19 FAQs
• Faculty Highlights
• Student Accessibility Services
• Student Resources
• Transcript Request
• About Purdue Global
• Accreditation
• Approach to Learning
• Career Opportunities
• Diversity Initiatives
• Purdue Global Commitment
• Cybersecurity Center
• Chancellor's Corner
• Purdue Global Moves
• Leadership and Board
• Facts and Statistics
• Researcher Request Intake Form

Most Commonly Searched:

• All Degree Programs
• Communication
• Criminal Justice
• Fire Science
• Health Sciences
• Human Services
• Information Technology
• Legal Studies
• Professional Studies
• Psychology and ABA
• Public Policy
• Military and Veterans
• Tuition and Fee Finder
• Financial Aid FAQs
• Military Benefits and Aid
• Admissions Overview
• Student Experience Overview
• Academic Support Overview

How to Improve Critical Thinking in the Workplace

Employers want critical thinkers — those with sound judgment who can evaluate and analyze issues, make decisions, and overcome obstacles. Hiring managers are looking for people who can think critically and resolve issues quickly and effectively.

The National Association of Colleges and Employers ( NACE ) lists critical thinking as one of the eight career readiness competencies that demonstrate a recent college graduate has been educated for success in the workplace. Career readiness is “key to ensuring successful entrance into the workforce,” NACE reports.

Employers have not been shy about the lack of critical thinking skills in the workforce.

According to a 2023 ZipRecruiter skills hiring report , for which more than 2,000 U.S. employers were surveyed, the top three skills employers say candidates are “most lacking in” are:

• Time management
• Professionalism
• Critical thinking

In addition, the global management consulting firm McKinsey and Company projects that the demand for skills such as critical thinking and decision-making will grow by 19% in the U.S. and by 14% in Europe through 2030.

Critical thinkers, where are you? Hone your critical thinking skills, and become an indispensable member of your team with these five steps.

1. Formulate Your Questions

First thing to do: Identify the problem and the questions you need to ask. When you ask smart questions from the beginning, you can get a clearer picture of the issues involved. Questions to ask during this stage include:

• What’s happening?
• Why is this happening?
• What is most concerning about X?
• What is holding people back from solving X?
• What is the desired outcome?

2. Gather Information

Now it’s time to perform research. Depending on the nature of your problem, you may need to interview people, gather data and statistics, get historical project information, etc.

Make sure to get diverse input, too. It’s natural to want to talk with like-minded people, but this does nothing to help you get diverse perspectives and potential solutions.

In the research phase, consider asking stakeholders:

• How would you solve the problem?
• What other ways have you tried so far?
• What do you need to happen for this problem to be solved?
• Is there anything we haven’t discussed that you need me to know?

Don’t be afraid to ask for clarity. If someone you’re interviewing says something you’re not familiar with, ask them to tell you more about it. How does it fit into the problem or solution?

Aim to ask open-ended yet short questions. “How can I better understand this issue?” and “What if we tried a new approach?” can help others frame and communicate their own hypotheses.

3. Question Your Assumptions

Critical thinking depends on objectivity. You just collected a slew of facts in step two; now it’s time to vet your information.

If it’s from an online source, make sure the site is reputable and trustworthy. What’s their motive in sharing this information? Is the information complete and current? Are they trying to get you to take action (for example, send money or vote for them)?

Look for evidence that the source itself received diverse input. Ask if someone’s voice is missing in the presentation of the facts.

Finally, as you move to step four to apply the information, keep this question in mind: “Am I making any assumptions about this information?” Decisions need facts, not assumptions, to support them.

4. Apply the Information to Identify the Best Solution

Ask yourself this at the start of this step: “Are there any viewpoints I missed?” If all stakeholders have had an equal voice, you’re good to proceed. At this stage, you will use reason and logic to synthesize your information and arrive at the best solution. Questions to consider include:

• Are there other factors I haven’t considered?
• Have I evaluated the information from every perspective?
• Are my conclusions supported by sufficient evidence?

After completing the due diligence outlined above, you are ready to form your own opinion about the problem and devise a solution — or, solutions. There may be more than one, so plan to present them all.

5. Communicate and Evaluate Your Solution

Now you will share your findings with the stakeholders, such as your manager, executives, coworkers, and anybody else who should be involved.

After you’ve implemented your solution, evaluate whether it was effective. Did it solve the initial problem? What lessons can you take from this experience? How will you improve your critical thinking for next time?

Earn a College Degree Online With Purdue Global

As you navigate the working world, consider Purdue Global if a certificate or college degree could help you achieve your goals. With more than 175 online programs , you can earn a certificate or degree while still working and taking care of your family. Reach out for more information .

See Notes and Conditions below for important information.

About the Author

Purdue Global

Earn a degree you're proud of and employers respect at Purdue Global, Purdue's online university for working adults. Accredited and online, Purdue Global gives you the flexibility and support you need to come back and move your career forward. Choose from 175+ programs, all backed by the power of Purdue.

• Alumni & Student Stories
• General Education
• Legal Studies & Public Policy
• Online Learning

Your Path to Success Begins Here

Learn more about online programs at Purdue Global and download our program guide.

Connect with an Advisor to explore program requirements, curriculum, credit for prior learning process, and financial aid options.

Employment and Career Advancement: Purdue Global does not guarantee employment placement or career advancement. Actual outcomes vary by geographic area, previous work experience and opportunities for employment.

• Find a company

The power of critical thinking at work

Oct 07, 2020

Psychologue du travail, coach et consultante RH

Should critical thinking come into play at work? While we may agree on the value of using our finely tuned critical sense in private life, does it have a place in the world of work? Given the divide between employers and their staff, is it really wise to expect to be able to debate ideas in the workplace? And, by the way, what exactly is critical thinking? Let’s break it down.

Understanding critical thinking

While the word “critical” often has negative connotations—your mind goes directly to all those derogatory remarks that people make about each other—it actually comes from the Greek kritikē (κριτική), which mostly means the art of discernment . Your brain produces thoughts every day without you having to order them to come up with them. They are a rich synthesis of your knowledge , experience and beliefs. Now is the time to use your faculty for critical thinking by taking a step back from these thoughts. Critical thinking, which is part of a complex cognitive process, is a voluntary, conscious, and focused approach that you can use to get out of your subjectivity and lean more towards objectivity. This demanding approach can also extend to the thoughts and ideas that surround you in broader ways.

Everyone has a natural tendency to be a critical thinker. However, to be truly effective, critical thinking needs to be based on facts and evidence. It’s about seeking out the different aspects of an issue and scrutinizing them through the filter of reason, far removed from feeling and emotion .

Why it’s important to be a critical thinker

We are not sheep.

Critical thinking can benefit everyone. We can avoid errors in reasoning and can become aware of the influence of people and emotions on ways of thinking, without getting fooled. A bit of critical thinking helps in particular with:

• Fighting unfounded rumors, fake news and mistaken beliefs. It allows us to check the accuracy of the information shared on social networks , but also from our relatives, and friends, for example.
• Forming an opinion and fighting against conformism, manipulation, and indoctrination. You can take the time to form your own opinion on different subjects, and then take part in the debate.
• Not falling into the trap of subjectivity. Critical thinking lets you take a step back from the preconceived ideas and reactions dictated by your senses and emotions, which sometimes can make us irrational.
• Coming up with ideas, being creative, and making changes . Critical thinking allows us to question certain preconceived notions and ways of thinking that could be changed or improved.

Critical thinking within organizations

As you may have gathered, critical thinking also has its place within companies: to make progress, organizations need objectivity and rationality. Critical thinking is at the heart of development, innovation, and transformation. It’s not always easy, however, to express an opinion or to even question what exists within a company. Hierarchy can inhibit staff members from using critical thinking while discussing their managers’ or employers’ ideas and decisions. However, critical thinking remains essential to guide decisions at all levels.

This is particularly valued in positions that involve strategy, leadership and management : knowing how to question yourself, to get some perspective, but also to think critically, is essential whenever there are major decisions to be made. Being able to take a step back from your own ideas or those of your team, or to change your point of view, is especially important when you reach a level in the business where no one dares to challenge you anymore. Good critical thinking also seems to be applicable in positions that include problem-solving and continuous improvement issues, in other words, in a lot of jobs and sectors.

Developing your critical thinking

A mind that is made up—or one that is open.

Far from being inherent, critical thinking is developed in childhood and continues through the formative years. This is quite paradoxical. On the one hand, the education you get in your youth aims to provide content, through learning and knowledge. On the other hand, a true education must allow you to build this thinking machine on your own so as not to reduce education to mere formatting.

Knowledge and methods

On one hand, there is knowledge; on the other hand, there are tools that allow us to think. So, if critical thinking requires a real method to function, it must be based on solid theoretical skills and knowledge in the practiced field. (If you haven’t mastered a science, it’s difficult to give an opinion on research work in that field).

At the heart of the method, there is doubt which acts as a safeguard against any rushed thoughts and beliefs. Allowing yourself to doubt is a self-corrective practice that keeps you from falling into any traps. In his remarks on happiness , French philosopher Émile-Auguste Chartier, who wrote under the pseudonym of Alain, reminds us that doubt is essential to reasoning in an impartial manner. “The principle of true courage is doubt. The idea of shaking up a thought that we trusted is a brave idea. Every inventor has questioned what no one else doubted. That was the true blasphemy.”

To use critical thinking in your individual or collective decision-making, here a few useful steps:

• Formalise the problem and state it verbally or in writing. For example, let’s say your team is dissatisfied with the software they’re using. Is everyone complaining just for the sake of it, or does the tool really not meet the specifications? What are your requirements for this tool? What is its purpose? What service does it have to provide? Why does the existing software no longer seem to satisfy its users?
• Gather information to examine the different aspects of the issue. In this example, what other existing software would provide a similar service? What are the advantages and disadvantages of these? But also, what would another one cost, in terms of the time and energy needed to invest in making a change, and its impact on the team and clients?
• Verify the accuracy of the sources of information . Think about the possible reasons and fears the teams may have around changing tools that could affect the decision. Marketing spiel from the sales representatives could also distract you from noticing defects in the tools and lead you to make the wrong choice. At this stage, you have to try to distinguish objective facts from subjective interpretations.
• Compare viewpoints by interacting with other involved parties . For example, why not talk to other users of the proposed new software, or hold a team meeting about the issue to gather everyone’s opinions?
• Analyse the arguments for each of the options and the consequences they might have on the decisions to be made. Finally, you could make a spreadsheet listing the options and then count the “pros” and “cons”. This way you can prioritize the solutions before making a decision.

The more you practice critical thinking, the more it will become ingrained. It is important to pay attention to any potential pitfalls in your thinking. Your brain sometimes leads you to take shortcuts; this is called “cognitive bias”. These biases act as optical illusions on your thinking, causing you to make errors in reasoning. Knowing them is one way to give yourself the chance to avoid them. You probably already know about some of them, such as confirmation bias, anchoring bias, the Dunning-Kruger effect , and many other biases that you can learn to recognize.

Enhance your critical thinking skills for job interviews

You tell yourself that a job interview is when you most want to fit into the mold of the employer’s expectations. You may think it is not the time to give off negative vibes by exercising critical thinking. Wrong. On the contrary, this is a rather sought-after quality, and you would be well advised to embrace it.

Demonstrate perspective on your experience Showing that you can put your experience into perspective is a good way to prove your critical thinking skills to a recruiter. Describing the facts as objectively as possible , based on the different factors and their consequences, without getting emotional or critical is a good way to show that you are able to see what was good and what was not so good, without resorting to either blaming your former employer or to self-flagellation. This will show that you will take future experiences calmly.

Give your vision of the job Sharing your vision of the job, the sector, or the industry during the interview can be just as interesting as showing your critical thinking skills. This is another way to reassure your interviewer by showing them that you are not short-sighted . When a business sets out to recruit someone new, sometimes they are looking for a breath of fresh air, a new element to revitalize the team. You don’t recruit someone if it’s just to keep doing what you’ve been doing. So all your ideas are welcome.

Vary the points of view When you bring up a subject, show that you’re able to put yourself in other people’s shoes. For example, let them know that you understand the point of view of a client, a service provider, or a superior in the management of a project. It’s a way to prove that you can take a step back and take the opinions of others into account so that decisions are then collective, benefitting as many people as possible.

Dare to doubt Finally, another way to show your critical mind is to just admit doubt and lack of knowledge . If you are asked a tricky question, don’t hesitate to say that you don’t know. To show doubt is to acknowledge that you don’t have the right information to answer it, or that your thinking about the subject is not fully formed. An attitude of intellectual honesty will work in your favor.

Ultimately, isn’t it your duty, rather than simply your right, to use your capacity for critical thinking? When faced with the pitfalls of thinking, boldly stating that the proposed solution is not necessarily the only good option is a demanding but constructive approach. By thinking critically, you discipline and improve your thinking little by little, making this soft skill your best ally for all strategic decisions in both your personal and professional life.

Translated by Kalin Linsberg

Photo: Welcome to the Jungle

Follow Welcome to the Jungle on Facebook , LinkedIn , and Instagram , and subscribe to our newsletter to get our latest articles every day!

More inspiration: Health & wellbeing

Dans une carrière, mieux vaut avoir des regrets que des remords !

Avoir des regrets est humain, voici comment les exploiter pour mieux les vivre au quotidien.

Sep 21, 2023

Stresslaxation: when trying to relax stresses you out more…

While stress has been declared Public Enemy Number 1, some health experts suggest our obsession with relaxation is making it worse.

Aug 31, 2022

Outside the box: neurodiversity and the changing workplace

How is our current working culture adapted to neurodiverse workers? And what impact did Covid-19 have on neurodiversity in the office?

Apr 06, 2022

The (subtle) art of not caring at work

It's not exactly 'not caring' but rather, drawing the line. Here is how these three happy and successful professionals put their foot down at work.

Sep 22, 2021

The EQ obsession: does it help or harm neurodivergent workers?

What is EQ and why should it be the same for all? Let's look at it from the eyes of 4 neurodiverse professionals and their experience with it at work.

Sep 15, 2021

The newsletter that does the job

Want to keep up with the latest articles? Twice a week you can receive stories, jobs, and tips in your inbox.

Looking for your next job opportunity?

Over 200,000 people have found a job with Welcome to the Jungle.

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

• Publications
• Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

• Advanced Search
• Journal List
• PMC10607682

Critical Thinking: Creating Job-Proof Skills for the Future of Work

Daniela dumitru.

1 Teacher Training Department, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania

2 Doctoral School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania

Diane F. Halpern

3 Department of Psychology, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; moc.liamg@nreplahfenaid

In this study, we explore the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the job market and argue for the growing importance of critical thinking skills in the face of job automation and changing work dynamics. Advancements in AI have the potential to disrupt various professions, including, for example, programming, legal work, and radiology. However, solely relying on AI systems can lead to errors and misjudgments, emphasizing the need for human oversight. The concept of “job-proof skills” is introduced, highlighting the importance of critical thinking, problem-solving, empathy, ethics, and other human attributes that machines cannot replicate with the same standards and agility. We maintain that critical thinking can be taught and learned through appropriate classroom instruction and transfer-focused approaches. The need for critical thinking skills is further reinforced by the influx of information and the spread of misinformation in the age of social media. Moreover, employers increasingly value critical thinking skills in their workforce, yet there exists a gap between the demand for these skills and the preparedness of college graduates. Critical thinking is not only essential for the future of work, but also for informed citizenship in an increasingly complex world. The potential impact of AI on job disruption, wages, and employment polarization is discussed, highlighting the correlation between jobs requiring critical thinking skills and their resistance to automation. We conclude by discussing collaborative efforts between universities and labor market organizations to adapt curricula and promote the development of critical thinking skills, drawing on examples from European initiatives. The need to prioritize critical thinking skills in education and address the evolving demands of the labor market is emphasized as a crucial step for navigating the future of work and opportunities for workers.

1. Introduction: Critical Thinking: Creating Job-Proof Skills for the Future of Work

The rapid evolution of online technologies has ushered in a paradigm shift in employment, redefining the nature of work and the skills required to succeed in the digital age. This transformative landscape, characterized by the ubiquitous presence of the Internet, social media platforms, and advanced artificial intelligence systems, has created a plethora of new opportunities and challenges in the labor market. As we navigate this digital frontier, it is becoming increasingly clear that traditional employment paradigms are undergoing a profound transformation. The convergence of online technologies with the demands of a networked world has not only created new job opportunities, but it has also disrupted established industries, rendering some job roles obsolete while creating demand for previously unforeseen skills. In this era of unprecedented connectivity and innovation, examining the intricate interplay between online technologies and jobs is paramount as it holds the key to understanding the dynamics of our rapidly evolving workforce.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is disrupting many jobs and promises “to change the way the world works” ( adminGPT 2023, para. 13 ). The number and range of AI programs are increasing at a rapid pace, and they are likely to continually improve to meet user demands. Consider, for example, ChatGPT, which can respond to questions and requests in a way that seems to come from a human rather than a computer program. GPT stands for “generative pretrained transformer”. It is generative in that it can provide responses that it never “learned”; it is pretrained with a large language model ( Bushwick et al. 2023 ). Newer versions can describe visual images, although thus far, they cannot create visual images. Its uses are seemingly endless. It is easy to imagine how such programs can change the lives of blind individuals. In fact, it can and will change the lives of all of us.

In this paper, we argue that these advances in online technologies will make critical thinking (CT) more important than ever before. Many who are preparing to enter the job market, and many who are already employed, will need to adapt to new forms of job automation and different ways of working.

Consider, for example, that an early achievement of ChatGPT was its generation of Python code (a computer language) to compute various tasks, such as data analysis. Apparently, getting ChatGPT to generate code is so easy that several YouTube videos have popped up claiming that they can teach novice users to use ChatGPT to generate code in 90 s. ( Data Professor 2023 ). The benefits are obvious, but so are the potential job losses for people who work in Python. Python coders will need to upgrade their skills, perhaps first becoming experts in the use of ChatGPT and similar programs, but this also has a positive side--they can spend more time working on larger questions such as which analyses are needed, and, of course, carefully reviewing the work produced by AI to ensure that it is accurate and understandable. Early versions of ChatGPT responses often contained errors. A New York lawyer learned the hard way: Steven A. Schwartz, a lawyer for 30 years, used ChatGPT to create a legal document ( Weiser and Schweber 2023 ). It was filled with fake citations and bogus judicial opinions. Sadly, Mr. Schwartz never checked the accuracy of the document he filed in court. The judge was not amused. This highly public and embarrassing event should be a lesson for all of us. Current AI programs cannot be trusted to take over our work, though they may be able to aid or supplement it. However, other AI programs can “read” radiographs more accurately than human radiologists, which provides a benefit to both radiologists and patients. There is an immediate positive effect for this advancement: Radiologists will have more time to directly work with patients, and yes, they must also check the accuracy of the outputs from their programs when presenting diagnoses.

For the rest of us, whether we are students or early or late in our careers, we need to focus on the development of “job-proof skills” in the face of AI advances. A report from the United Nations defines job-proof skills as “conceptual and strategic thinking, problem-solving, empathy, optimism, ethics, emotional intelligence, and judgments are the future-proof skills and attributes that machines will not be able to replicate with the same standards and agility as qualified human beings” ( Elkeiy 2022, para. 5 ). In other words, critical thinking skills will always be needed.

2. What Is Critical Thinking?

Although some scholars in the field of critical thinking have emphasized differences among various definitions, we believe that the commonalities are evident (c.f., Dwyer 2017 ; Nisbett 2015 ; Lipman 1991 ; Fisher 2001 ). There are some differences in the use of terms and several skills might be more important, but all of the definitions (more or less) conform to our preferred definition: “Critical thinking is the use of those cognitive skills and abilities that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. It is purposeful, reasoned, and goal directed. It is the kind of thinking involved in solving problems, formulating inferences, calculating likelihoods, and making decisions. Critical thinkers use these skills appropriately, without prompting, and usually with conscious intent, in a variety of settings. That is, they are predisposed to think critically. When we think critically, we are evaluating the outcomes of our thought processes--how good a decision is or how well a problem is solved. Critical thinking also involves evaluating the thinking process--the reasoning that went into the conclusion we’ve arrived at, or the kinds of factors considered in making a decision” ( Halpern and Dunn 2023, pp. 6–7 ). The reason we need a common definition of critical thinking is that, without it, instructors can and have passed almost anything off as instruction in critical thinking. However, common ground is to be found concerning CT definitions. In a European project, which we shall refer to in Section 4.3 , the critical thinking definition is based on the works of Halpern and Dunn ( 2023 ), Facione ( 1990 ), Paul and Elder ( 2008 ), and Kuhn ( 1999 ). During two debate sessions, 33 international participants from higher education and the labor market defined critical thinking as a deliberate cognitive process guided by conscious, dynamic, self-directed, self-monitored, and self-correcting thought ( Rebelo et al. 2023 ). It relies on both disciplinary and procedural knowledge, along with metacognitive aspects (including metacognitive, meta-strategic, and epistemological dimensions). Critical thinking can be cultivated and enhanced through the development of competencies, and it is facilitated by various attitudes, such as systematic thinking, open-mindedness, empathy, flexibility, and cognitive maturity. Additionally, it encompasses intellectual skills such as reflection, self-regulation, analysis, inference, explanation, synthesis, and systematic thought. Critical thinking not only stimulates problem-solving capabilities but also facilitates effective communication, fosters independent and holistic thinking, and bolsters decision-making and active citizenship ( Pnevmatikos et al. 2021 ).

2.1. Can Critical Thinking Be Learned?

We teach writing, oral communication, and mathematics with the (often implicit) belief that these skills will be learned and transferred to multiple settings both inside and outside of the classroom. There is a large and growing research literature showing that, with appropriate classroom instruction in critical thinking, including specific instruction designed for transfer, the skills will spontaneously transfer and in uncued (i.e., there are no reminders to use the critical thinking skill that was learned in class) situations ( Dumitru 2012 ; Heijltjes et al. 2014 ; Tiruneh 2019 ). Several such studies were presented by Dwyer ( 2017 ) and Halpern and Dunn ( 2023 ). For the sake of brevity, we review just one recent study. The study was designed to counteract the effects of conspiracy theories. When people believe conspiracy theories, they often act in harmful ways–such as refusing to get the COVID-19 vaccine, which resulted in the death of large numbers of people around the world, or attacking the United State Capitol Building on 6 January 2021 in the belief that there was a conspiracy afoot designed to steal the United States 2020 presidential election from Donald Trump. In a review of the research literature on the efficacy of interventions, the researchers found “there was one intervention which was characteristically different to the rest” ( O’Mahony et al. 2023, para. 23 ). It was a semester-long university course in critical thinking that was designed to teach students the difference between good scientific practices and pseudoscience. These courses require effort and commitment, but they are effective. The same conclusion applies to all interventions designed to enhance critical thinking. There are no fast and easy “once and done” strategies that work. This is why we recommend continuous and pervasive coursework to make sure that the learning of CT skills “sticks.”

2.2. The Need for Critical Thinking Skills

Online technologies-related (including AI) job loss and redesign are not the only reasons why we need to concentrate on teaching and learning the skills of critical thinking. COVID-19 left 140 million people out of work, and many of their jobs will never return ( Roslansky 2021 ). We are drowning in a tsunami of information, confronted with advertisements online, in news reports, social media, podcasts, and more. The need to be able to distinguish good information from bad is critical. In addition, employers want to hire people with critical thinking skills. In a recent report by Hart Research Associated ( 2018 ), they found that in an employer survey of 501 business executives, 78% said that critical thinking/analytic reasoning is the most important skill they want in their employees, but they also added that only 34% of college graduates arrive well prepared in critical thinking. This gap between what employers want and their perception of the preparedness of the workforce was larger for critical thinking than for any other area. In fact, every report on the future of work made this same point. Consider this quote from The World Economic Forum ( 2020 ) on the future of jobs: “Skills gaps continue to be high as in-demand skills across jobs change in the next five years. The top skills and skill groups which employers see as rising in prominence in the lead up to 2025 include groups such as critical thinking and analysis as well as problem-solving.” (p. 5). In a report from the Office of the European Union: Key Competences for Lifelong Learning, the commissioner wrote “Critical thinking, media literacy, and communication skills are some of the requirements to navigate our increasingly complex world” ( Navracsics 2019, p. 3 ). Of course, critical thinking is not just needed in the world of work. A true democracy requires an educated citizenry with citizens who can think critically about world social issues, such as the use/threat of AI, war, poverty, climate change, and so much more. Irrational voters are a threat to all of us—and to themselves.

The need to think critically is not new, but it has taken on a new urgency as social media and other forms of communication have made the deliberate spread of misinformation move at the speed of light. There is nothing new about the use of lies, half-truths, and innuendos to get people to believe something that is not true. Anyone can post anything on popular media sites, and this “fake news” is often copied and shared thousands of times. Sometimes the information is spread with a deliberate attempt to mislead; other times, it is copied and spread by people who believe it is true. These messages are often used to discredit political adversaries, create social unrest, and incite fear. It can be a difficult task to determine what to believe and what to discard. Vosoughi et al. ( 2018 ) analyzed data from 126,000 tweets that were spread by approximately 3 million people. How did the researchers discriminate true data from false data? The same way we all should. They used several different fact-checking sites and found 95% to 98% agreement regarding the truth or falsehood of information. They found that false data spread more quickly and more widely than true data because the false data tended to be novel and sensational, rendering it salient and seductive.

In today’s landscape, the imperative to foster critical thinking skills is becoming increasingly apparent as we grapple with the rapid rise of social media and artificial intelligence technologies and their profound impact on the future of work. The confluence of these transformative forces has ushered in a new era characterized by the potential for significant job disruption. As online technologies advance and automation becomes more widespread, certain traditional job roles may become obsolete, requiring the development of innovative skills and adaptability in the workforce. In this context, critical thinking emerges as a central element in preparing individuals to navigate the evolving job market. It equips individuals with the ability to analyze complex information, discern credible sources from the proliferation of social media information, and make informed decisions in an era of blurring boundaries between human and machine contributions to the workforce. Cultivating critical thinking skills will be essential to ensuring that individuals can take advantage of the opportunities presented by new technologies while mitigating the challenges of job disruption in this AI-driven future.

3. Critical Thinking Skills and Job Disruption and Replacement

Eloundou et al. in 2023 estimated that about 15% of all U.S. workers’ jobs could be accomplished much faster and at the same level of quality with currently available AI. There are large differences in the extent to which various occupations and industries will be affected by advancements in AI. For example, tasks that require a high degree of human interaction, highly specialized domain knowledge, or creating innovative technologies will be minimally affected; whereas, other occupations such as providing captions for images or answering questions about a text or document are more likely to be affected. Routine-based jobs in general are more likely to be dislodged by advanced technologies ( Acemoglu 2002 ). Using the basic definitions of skills that are standard in O*Net, Eloundou et al. ( 2023 ) found a clear negative correlation between jobs requiring knowledge of science and critical thinking skills and the likelihood that AI will “take over” the job. These findings reinforce our main point—the best way to gain job-proof skills is with critical thinking.

The effect of online technologies on wages is complicated because of the large number of factors that come together to determine earnings. Acemoglu and Autor ( 2011 ) advocated for a model that simultaneously considers the level of the tasks required for any job (low, medium, and high), where a high level of skill is defined as one that allows employees to perform a variety of tasks, the demand for the tasks, and technological changes that can complement a task or replace it. They assert that employment has become increasingly polarized with the growth in both high education, high wage occupations and low education, and low wage occupations in the United States and the European Union. To understand and predict which occupations will be most disrupted by AI (and other developing technologies), an investigator will need to simultaneously consider all of these variables. Technological advancements can generate shifts in demand, favoring either high- or low-skilled workers. According to Acemoglu and Autor ( 2011 ), we can expect some of the largest disruptive effects at the middle level of skills, where some of the tasks performed at this level can be more easily replaced by new technologies, with widespread employment growth in high- and low-skilled occupations.

4. Business-University Collaborations

The pursuit of promoting high standards of critical thinking in university students across various academic disciplines is a challenging endeavor that should be leveraged through collaboration with stakeholders. In such collaborations, stakeholders can contribute to refining the skills required by learners and bring their own perspectives to academic instruction. This close partnership between universities and stakeholders helps minimize gaps and mismatches in the transition to the labor market, facilitates research collaboration, and increases student motivation.

Collaborations between businesses and universities have gained increasing importance in today’s rapidly evolving educational and economic landscape. These partnerships are instrumental in bridging the gap between academic learning and the real-world skills demanded by the job market. One key aspect of business-university collaboration (BUC) is the alignment of curricula with the dynamic needs of industries. This entails the joint effort of higher education institutions (HEIs) and industry experts to design, develop, and deliver educational programs that equip students with practical, job-ready skills. The curriculum design phase involves tailoring study programs, courses, and modules to address skills gaps and align with the specific requirements of employers.

Moreover, BUC extends beyond the classroom. Collaborations often involve business engagement in educational activities, including guest lectures, internships, co-op programs, and research projects. These interactions provide students with invaluable exposure to real-world scenarios, allowing them to apply theoretical knowledge in practical settings.

In essence, BUC is a multifaceted partnership that benefits both students and businesses. It ensures that educational programs remain relevant, fostering a seamless transition from academia to the workforce. This collaborative approach not only enhances students’ employability but also contributes to the overall growth and innovation of industries.

Operationalizing the collaboration implicates a particular focus on curriculum design, development, and delivery. These involve the collaboration between higher education institutions and labor market partners to create or enhance undergraduate or postgraduate study programs, courses, or modules. This collaborative effort aims to address skills gaps, align curricula with employers’ needs, integrate training initiatives, and improve graduates’ employability. Additionally, curriculum delivery includes various forms of business involvement, such as guest lectures, placements, supervision, mentoring, and work-based learning activities.

While the existing literature often discusses the barriers and motivations for university-business collaboration ( Healy et al. 2014 ; Orazbayeva et al. 2020 ), there is a need for more empirical insights into the roles and responsibilities of each party engaged in joint curriculum design, development, and delivery, as well as lessons learned from these collaborations ( Rebelo et al. 2023 ).

4.1. Why Do We Need Higher Education’s Help?

In the preceding sections of this paper, we delved into the disruptive forces of artificial intelligence (AI) on the job market and the critical need for individuals to adapt to these changes by developing “job-proof skills”. The rise of online technologies such as ChatGPT presents both opportunities and challenges, particularly in fields where middle-level skills are required. To effectively tackle these challenges, we must turn our attention to the pivotal role of education and the cultivation of essential skills such as critical thinking.

We highlighted how AI is rapidly transforming various industries and the need for individuals to adapt to these changes. Moreover, we explored the question of whether critical thinking can be learned, showcasing research evidence that supports the teachability of this skill. Now, we shall explore practical strategies for fostering critical thinking skills through collaborations between universities and businesses. The idea here is to create an educational framework that equips students with the capabilities needed to thrive in the evolving workforce.

Building upon the success of two European projects, “Critical thinking across higher education curricula—CRITHINKEDU” and “Critical thinking for successful jobs—THINK4JOBS”, we argue that incorporating practical experience and CT development through apprenticeships is a possible action for better higher education classes. This collaborative approach between HEI and LMO designed to address the differing perspectives and terminologies used by these two entities regarding critical thinking could be an important curriculum design for the better adaptation of job market technology disruptions.

Research conducted by Eloundou et al. ( 2023 ), which shows that critical thinking skills and science skills are less likely to be taken by AI, compels us to sustain the THINK4JOBS apprenticeship curricula as a possible teaching protocol for critical thinking enhancement to face challenges posed by AI at work.

The results from these projects demonstrate significant progress in students’ critical thinking skills and dispositions. These improvements, as highlighted below in Section 4.3 , underscore the effectiveness of embedding critical thinking in the curriculum. The guidelines formulated for implementing Critical Thinking Blended Apprenticeship Curricula provide a roadmap for educators to follow when effectively integrating critical thinking into their courses.

As we ponder the possibility of a world where critical thinking is widespread, we can envision a future where individuals are equipped to confront the ideological fanaticism that threatens global stability. Critical thinking, as both a cognitive skill and a disposition, has the potential to shape a workforce capable of adapting to the ever-changing landscape of work, making informed decisions, and contributing to a more rational and democratic world. The THINK4JOBS project emphasizes the practical steps taken to prepare students for the future job market and sets the stage for further exploration of the role of critical thinking in addressing global challenges, including AI presence in the job market.

4.2. CRITHINKEDU Proctocol for Critical Thinking Education across Curricula

Given that the best education for the future of work is the acquisition of critical thinking skills, how can we facilitate this sort of education? One way to obtain a job-proof education is to create classes with the help of labor market organizations. Two projects funded by the European Union were designed to bring to life the idea that better communication and collaboration between universities and employers result in a better adaptation of the curriculum, especially a curriculum involving critical thinking skill development.

Between 2016 and 2019, the project “Critical thinking across the European higher education curriculum—CRITHINKEDU” focused on how CT is taught in various academic domains. The CRITHINKEDU project, involving universities across Europe, exemplifies how academia and industry can join forces to bridge the gap between classroom learning and real-world job demands. This initiative aimed to enhance the curriculum by explicitly emphasizing critical thinking skill development. It revealed that employers across various fields value critical thinking, and they perceive it as essential for recent graduates entering the workforce.

The participants were eleven universities from nine European countries (Belgium, Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Romania, Lithuania, and Ireland; Dominguez 2018). Qualitative research was conducted with 32 focus groups comprised of professionals from various European countries and fields. The findings align with previous studies: “CT is a set of interconnected skills (interpretation, inference, analysis, explanation, evaluation, self-regulation”, see Payan-Carreira et al. ( 2023, p. 16 ), and dispositions (open-mindedness, refection, attentiveness, organization, perseverance, intrinsic goal motivation ( Payan-Carreira et al. 2023 ), essential for recent graduates in response to labor market demands. However, an important consideration is that the practical application of CT varies across professional fields. The participants in this study defined the ideal critical thinker as someone with a cultivated mindset, motivated to learn and improve, and equipped with cognitive and behavioral tools to anticipate, regulate, and monitor their thinking. CT is associated with problem-solving and decision-making and is intertwined with other skills such as proactivity, adaptability, creativity, emotional intelligence, communication, and teamwork. The report from this project also introduced “a European collection of the Critical Thinking skills and dispositions needed in different professional fields for the 21st century” ( Dominguez 2018 ), which categorizes CT skills and dispositions based on professional fields and offers a basis for defining learning objectives and adapting university curricula. This study provides valuable insights from 189 European employers into CT needs in the labor market for new graduates. The interviewed professionals had an obvious preference for CT skills in STEM fields and an obvious preference for dispositions in the Humanities. Social Sciences and bio-medical sciences professionals were equally interested in CT skills and dispositions, with a slight preference for dispositions ( Dominguez 2018, p. 28 ).

4.3. Next Steps: THINK4JOBS Blended Appreticeship Curricula

After the termination of the CRITHINKEDU project, partners from Romania, Greece, Lithuania, and Portugal, with the addition of a new partner from Germany, proposed a new research application: “Critical Thinking for Successful Jobs—THINK4JOBS” ( www.think4jobs.uowm.gr ). The idea was to utilize the results from the previous project and, together with labor market organizations, create new courses that are more adapted to the reality of the future of work. The core element of the classes was explicit teaching of critical thinking, using real-life cases and methods. In an apprenticeship model, critical thinking skills are embedded in a relevant context. The value of realistic contexts is that students can see the need for the skills being taught in a workplace scenario. Relevant contexts enhance student engagement and motivation to learn. Dumitru et al. ( 2021 ) focused on improving students’ critical thinking skills and dispositions through collaboration between Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and Labor Market Organizations (LMOs). The aim was to bridge the gap between HEI curricula and the expectations of the labor market by incorporating apprenticeships that provide practical experience and CT development.

The process of mapping responses from those in the labor market organizations onto college curricula involved the use of research methods such as observation, focus groups, and documentary analysis, with stakeholders from HEIs and LMOs participating. The findings indicated that while there were no definitive “gaps” between HEIs and LMOs, there were contextual differences in the approach to CT. HEIs focus on long-term career preparation, while LMOs emphasize short-term learning strategies. The terminology and expression of CT also differed between the two contexts. Based on the findings, ten work-based scenarios were created, with one from each discipline involved in the project. Overall, the report ( Dumitru et al. 2021 ) highlighted the different goals and perspectives of HEIs and LMOs regarding CT, emphasizing the need for collaboration and a common understanding of which skills should be included in the college curriculum.

There is a different context in the approach to CT, since HEIs usually use different learning activities, focusing more on career preparation with long-term goals, while LMOs follow compact and short-term learning and teaching strategies. Furthermore, the findings suggest that CT is a new workplace requirement and that HEIs and LMOs do not choose the same terminology when referring to the concept, with HEIs usually choosing scientific terms. Another element that emerged is that CT is generally expressed in a declarative way in higher education institutions, while in LMOs the application to specific cases follows a more procedural approach. Put another way, LMOs are focused on making a profit, while HEI is focused on being socially responsible.

In the second phase of the project, partners ( Pnevmatikos et al. 2021 ) focused on the development of a collaborative training curriculum for Higher Education Instructors and LMO tutors. The purpose of the training was to enhance comprehension and knowledge of critical thinking for both sides of this collaboration, since previous research indicated a potential lack of conceptual and procedural understanding between these two entities. Additionally, the training aimed to facilitate the promotion, support, and evaluation of students’ CT skills within apprenticeship curricula, as well as the creation of blended curricula utilizing an open-source learning platform. The training course encompassed workshops that delved into various aspects of CT, including analyzing and reassembling ideas about CT, formulating a working definition of CT, instructional methodologies, blended learning techniques, usage of a learning platform, CT assessment, and the development of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between higher education institutions and LMOs. The participants’ knowledge about these topics was assessed through pre- and post-training online questionnaires. Although data analysis showed various predicted trends, only perceived self-confidence in the topics covered during the training obtained statistical significance ( Pnevmatikos et al. 2021 ).

In the final report from this project, Payan-Carreira et al. ( 2023 ) presented the results of the implementation of the critical thinking Blended Apprenticeships Curricula (CTBAC) and discussed the improvements in critical thinking skills and dispositions observed in students. The study involved cross-disciplinary analysis and assessed changes before and after the piloting activities. A total of 609 students participated, and their critical thinking skills and dispositions were evaluated.

The consortium chose the Critical Thinking Self-Assessment Scale (CTSAS) developed by Nair ( 2011 ) as an instrument to assess CT skills based on an earlier conceptualization ( Facione 1990 ). The questionnaire has been tested in various geographic and cultural contexts, demonstrating good reliability, internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis results. However, the original CTSAS was considered too long to complete, consisting of 115 items, so a shorter version was specifically developed for this project. The short form of the questionnaire (CTSAS-SF) was created through a two-step process. Items with loading weights below .500 were eliminated, resulting in 84 remaining items. Redundant and non-cognitive-focused items were marked for elimination, leaving 60 items. The short form maintained the original scale’s framework and utilized a seven-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (Never) to 6 (Always) for students to respond to items assessing various dimensions and subdimensions of CT skills.

The CTSAS-SF validation process, with confirmatory factor analysis, resulted in two models with equivalent satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices. Model 4, the second-order factor model (RMSEA = .051; TLI = .924; CFI = .927), had a chi-square/df ratio of 2.33. The Cronbach alpha of the overall instrument was excellent (α = .969). Sample items are shown in Table 1 .

Sample items forming Critical Thinking Self-Assessment Scale (CTSAS), Nair ( 2011 ).

Compared to instruments for assessing CT skills, the availability of instruments for measuring critical thinking (CT) dispositions is limited. However, one of the instruments adopted by the consortium to assess CT dispositions is the Student-Educator Negotiated Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale (SENCTDS), which was developed by Quinn et al. ( 2020 ). The scale was validated with a mixed population of Irish and American undergraduate students. The scale considers a variety of CT dispositions that the authors consider important for the labor market and real-world decision-making. Some of the items in the scale combine Facione ’s ( 1990 ) original CT dispositions into new dimensions that are relevant to academic and labor market success, such as organization, perseverance, and intrinsic goal motivation. The scale consists of six dimensions (Reflection, Attentiveness, Open-mindedness, Organization, Perseverance, and Intrinsic Goal Motivation) and presents statements for students to respond to using a 7-point Likert scale. The Likert scale ranges from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). The original version of the SENCTDS contains 21 items. The validation process, with confirmatory factor analysis, identified only one model presenting a satisfactory goodness-of-fit index—model 3, comprised of six correlated factors (RMSEA = .054; TLI = .974; CFI = .969) with a chi-square/df ratio of 2.57. The instrument presented a high Cronbach alpha (α = .842), suggesting a strong internal consistency of the instrument. Sample items are presented in Table 2 .

Sample items from Student-Educator Negotiated Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale (SENCTDS), developed by Quinn et al. ( 2020 ).

The analysis showed gains in critical thinking skills and indicated that changes were more prominent in skills than dispositions. All skills (interpretation, analysis, inference, explanation, self-regulation, and evaluation) obtained significant differences between the pretest and posttest, with p ≤ .0001 to all skills, plus the integrated critical thinking skills score was t = 9.705 and p ≤ .0001, which demonstrates strong significant difference between pre- and the posttest. Dispositions displayed no significant differences regarding the integrated score, but showed significant differences in reflection (t = 1.766, p = .079), open-mindedness (t = 2.636, p = .009), organization (t = 2.568, p = .011), and intrinsic goal motivation (t = 1.712, p = .088).

Based on the findings from the implementation of the blended apprenticeship curricula, the following guidelines were formulated for implementing Critical Thinking Blended Apprenticeship Curricula ( Payan-Carreira et al. 2023 ):

• Provide an explanation of the importance of critical thinking—Clearly communicate to students why critical thinking is a vital skill in today’s workforce and how it is valued in specific professions. Explicitly incorporate the development of critical thinking as an outcome of the course.
• Emphasize continuous and pervasive CT training—To achieve success, there should be a concerted effort across disciplinary curricula to foster students’ critical thinking skills and dispositions. Skills require training, and dispositions necessitate the internalization of desired attitudes. Therefore, sufficient time and a collaborative approach at the disciplinary level are necessary for consistent and significant progress.
• Allocate dedicated time—Building on the previous point, it is essential to allocate specific time within the course to work on the proposed critical thinking goals. Students and educators need to schedule activities and create opportunities for preparation, development, and feedback exchange. This ensures that the intervention leads to meaningful, lasting learning.
• Establish connections with real-world scenarios—Foster student engagement and improve their perception of learning experiences by incorporating case studies that reflect situations professionals encounter in their daily work. By grounding the learning content in reality, students are more likely to be motivated and actively participate in the educational process.

Foster reflection on CT skills and dispositions—Offer students the chance to reflect on their reasoning processes and the attitudes they have developed throughout their learning experiences. Encouraging reflective thinking enhances the effectiveness of learning interventions and helps cultivate a deeper understanding of one’s experiences.

These steps aim to guide educators in effectively implementing the critical thinking blended apprenticeship curricula while also maximizing the impact of critical thinking development in students.

The two European projects made a great start in integrating the skills that employers want employees to learn from university curricula, but the results are nonetheless provisional. There is not a clear agreement among participating universities regarding how best to teach critical thinking, nor any regarding its importance for future jobs. We urge that more work should be done to nurture critical thinking within university curricula in order to provide our current students—who represent the future of the workforce—the much-wanted job-proof skills they need.

5. European Recommendations and Good Practices

Critical thinking stands as a pivotal goal for European Higher Education Institutions. To facilitate the attainment of this objective, we present an educational protocol that draws from comprehensive research and practical experiences, including insights from the CRITHINKEDU project. This protocol amalgamates insights from both theoretical and empirical studies on critical thinking with practical strategies for its cultivation.

Recommendations go toward signing memorandums of understanding between universities and labor market organizations to cultivate strong partnerships ( Rebelo et al. 2023 ). Effective collaboration between universities and businesses is crucial in fostering critical thinking. This partnership thrives on the synergy that results when academic institutions and businesses combine their expertise, resources, and perspectives. Strategies such as aligning goals, fostering long-term commitment, and promoting a culture of collaboration can strengthen these partnerships and ensure that academic research is harmoniously aligned with real-world needs.

Another recommendation relates to the formulation of compelling goals . Accurate and transparent goals are fundamental to the successful implementation of university-industry collaborations to promote critical thinking. These goals must be clearly defined and easily understood at multiple levels, from the institutional to the program and course levels. Recognition of critical thinking as an overarching goal implies its integration into assessment and evaluation processes.

Another recommendation is to develop flexible curricula . To effectively foster critical thinking, curricula must demonstrate adaptability and responsiveness to emerging trends and market demands. The use of agile curriculum design methodologies and the involvement of business partners in curriculum development is of great value. Approaches such as problem-based and case-based learning facilitate rapid adaptation to evolving market needs, such as the use of AI-powered software to solve work tasks better and faster. Regular feedback mechanisms and ongoing collaboration with business partners ensure that curricula remain relevant and flexible.

Incorporating real-world challenges and case studies into curricula bridges the gap between academia and the business world, creating an environment that encourages experiential learning. The active involvement of business stakeholders in providing relevant challenges plays a key role. Students’ problem-solving skills are enhanced by shifting from traditional teaching methods to project-based, problem-based, or case-based learning. Engaging students through apprenticeships, internships, guest lectures, and seminars immerses them in authentic work environments and fosters their professional development.

Ongoing, multi-faceted evaluation is a cornerstone of the collaboration between higher education and the business community to cultivate critical thinking. Assessment includes measuring learners’ progress in critical thinking, the effectiveness of curricula, and the impact of partnerships through the use of key performance indicators.

Regarding how to implement a critical thinking curriculum, pedagogical research ( Elen et al. 2019 ) suggests that in the development of critical thinking, whether it is regarded as a skill, disposition, or a combination of both, three categories of supportive measures can be identified: modeling, induction, and declaration.

Modeling: Support the development of critical thinking skills by demonstrating what it means to think critically at the institutional, programmatic, and course levels, considering multiple perspectives and alternative viewpoints.

Induction: Support critical thinking development by provoking critical thinking through the presentation of open-ended questions, unstructured tasks, complex problems, and real-world issues. The exact nature of “induction” and how it is implemented may vary across fields and disciplines. Induction can be carried out in a variety of ways; for example, presenting unstructured problems, providing authentic tasks, encouraging constructive controversy, asking “why” questions, or encouraging student autonomy.

Explanation: Promote the development of critical thinking by articulating or explicitly stating what is at stake, what strategies can be used, and what criteria must be met. This explanation can take the form of oral or written communication and should always be explicit and specific. Declaring and making things explicit can be accomplished in a variety of ways, including using critical thinking rubrics, developing elaborate concept maps, providing feedback on critical thinking, and engaging in discussion and reflection on critical issues.

This integrated approach, encompassing university-business collaboration and an educational protocol, underscores the significance of critical thinking in higher education. It provides a structured framework for nurturing this essential skill by aligning objectives, fostering partnerships, adapting curricula, and implementing ongoing evaluation practices. In doing so, educational institutions are better poised to equip students with the critical thinking skills needed to thrive in a rapidly evolving world.

6. Concluding Remarks or Can Critical THINKING Save the World?

In summary, the dynamic interaction between universities, businesses, and the evolving technology landscape, including the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and online technologies, underscore the critical need to nurture and develop students’ critical thinking skills. As we navigate the challenges posed by AI and the ever-expanding digital realm, collaborative efforts between academia and industry have proven to be instrumental in preparing students for the future job market.

Incorporating real-world experiences, such as apprenticeships, into the curriculum is an important step toward improving students’ critical thinking skills in real-world contexts. Projects such as “Critical thinking across higher education curricula—CRITHINKEDU” and “Critical thinking for successful jobs—THINK4JOBS” have demonstrated the potential of these collaborations to bridge the gap between classroom learning and industry needs. In addition, the development of flexible curricula that can adapt to the evolving needs of the job market, especially considering online technologies, is essential. By integrating real-world challenges and case studies into the curriculum, students gain valuable problem-solving skills and are better prepared to navigate the complexities of the digital age.

Ongoing assessment and evaluation are critical components of this collaborative effort, ensuring that critical thinking remains a central focus and that students are making meaningful progress in acquiring this essential skill.

With the disruption of AI and the ubiquity of online technologies, the integration of critical thinking into higher education curricula is more important than ever. It enables students not only to thrive in a technology-driven world, but also to contribute to a rational, democratic, and globally interconnected society. The partnerships forged between universities and businesses, along with a well-defined educational protocol, provide a roadmap for cultivating these essential skills and preparing students for the challenges and opportunities of the future job market. The imperative to foster critical thinking in university curricula remains a fundamental step in equipping tomorrow’s workforce to navigate the complexities of an AI-influenced job market and a rapidly changing world.

Lilienfeld ( 2007, para. 3 ) said it well: “The greatest threat to the world is ideological fanaticism, by ideological fanaticism I mean the unshakeable conviction that one’s belief system and that of other in-group members is always right and righteous and that others’ belief systems are always wrong and wrong-headed”. Imagine a world where (most or even many) people use the skills of critical thinking. Just maybe, CT could save the world.

The job market will require a psychologically adaptable toolkit, and we propose that critical thinking is an essential component therein. The disruptions imposed by new technological advances such as AI will require students to learn new employable skills because we will need not just an engineer, but a critical thinking engineer; not just a programmer, but a critical thinking programmer; and not just a journalist, but a critical thinking journalist. The dignity of workers—their humanity and our collective survival—may well depend on CT, a very human creation.

Acknowledgments

We sincerely thank Dana Dunn, Moravian University, for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.

Funding Statement

Daniela Dumitru received funding from European Commission/EACEA, through the ERASMUS+ Programme, “Critical Thinking for Successful Jobs—Think4Jobs” Project, with the reference number 2020-1-EL01-KA203-078797.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, D.F.H. and D.D.; investigation, D.F.H. and D.D.; resources, D.F.H. and D.D.; writing—original draft preparation, D.F.H. and D.D.; writing—review and editing, D.F.H. and D.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

• Acemoglu Daron. Technical Change, Inequality, and the Labor Market. [(accessed on 15 May 2023)]; Journal of Economic Literature. 2002 40 :7–72. doi: 10.1257/jel.40.1.7. Available online: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2698593 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Acemoglu Daron, Autor David. Skills, Tasks and Technologies: Implications for Employment and Earnings. In: Ashenfelter Orley, Card David., editors. Handbook of Labor Economics. 1st ed. North Holland-Elsevier; San Diego: 2011. pp. 1043–71. [ Google Scholar ]
• adminGPT The Future Is Here: Analytics and Artificial Intelligence in Every Industry. May 22, 2023. [(accessed on 2 June 2023)]. @utopost. Available online: https://chatgpt.com/27739697/the-future-is-here-analytics-and-artificial-intelligence-in-every-industry#/
• Bushwick Sophie, Harper Kelso, Bose Tulika. What You Need to Know about GPT-4. Scientific American Podcasts. 2023. [(accessed on 31 May 2023)]. Available online: https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/what-you-need-to-know-about-gpt-4/
• Data Professor How to Use ChatGPT to Generate Code in 90 Seconds. 2023. [(accessed on 31 May 2023)]. Available online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELJzUcYrAIQ
• Dominguez Caroline. (coord.) A European Collection of the Critical Thinking SKILLS and Dispositions Needed in Different Professional Fields for the 21st Century. UTAD; Vila Real: 2018. [(accessed on 2 June 2023)]. Available online: https://crithinkedu.utad.pt/en/intellectual-outputs/ [ Google Scholar ]
• Dumitru Daniela. Critical Thinking and Integrated Programs. [(accessed on 15 May 2023)]; The Problem of Transferability. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2012 33 :143–7. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.01.100. Available online: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042812001085 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Dumitru Daniela, Christodoulou Panagiota, Lithoxoidou Angeliki, Georgiadou Triantafyllia, Pnevmatikos Dimtrios, MarinDrămnescu Aurel, Enachescu Vladimir, Stăiculescu Camelia, Lăcătuş Maria Liana, Paduraru Monica Elisabeta, et al. Think4Jobs Toolkit: Ten Work-Based Learning Scenarios. University of Western Macedonia; Greece: 2021. [(accessed on 22 May 2023)]. Available online: https://think4jobs.uowm.gr/results/intellectualoutput1 [ Google Scholar ]
• Dwyer Cristopher P. Critical Thinking: Conceptual Perspectives and Practical Guidelines. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge: 2017. [ Google Scholar ]
• Elen Jan, Jiang Lai, Huyghe Steven, Evers Marleen, Verburgh Ann, Dumitru Daniela, Palaigeorgiou George. In: Promoting Critical Thinking in European Higher Education Institutions: Towards an Educational Protocol. Dominguez C., Payan-Carreira R., editors. UTAD; Vila Real: 2019. [(accessed on 30 August 2023)]. Available online: https://repositorio.utad.pt/bitstream/10348/9227/1/CRITHINKEDU%20O4%20%28ebook%29_FINAL.pdf [ Google Scholar ]
• Elkeiy Gabriel. Future-Proof Skills can Help Balance Individual and Societal Progress. United Nations, UN Chronicle. Aug 5, 2022. [(accessed on 25 May 2023)]. Available online: https://www.un.org/en/un-chronicle/future-proof-skills-can-help-balance-individual-and-societal-progress#:~:text=Conceptual%20and%20strategic%20thinking%2C%20creativity,agility%20as%20qualified%20human%20beings
• Eloundou Tyna, Manning Sam, Mishkin Pamela, Rock Daniel. GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models. 2023. [(accessed on 1 June 2023)]. Available online: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.10130.pdf
• Facione Peter A. Critical Thinking: A Statement of Expert Consensus for Purposes of Educational Assessment and Instruction. Research Findings and Recommendations. [(accessed on 10 May 2023)]; 1990 Available online: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED315423.pdf
• Fisher Alec. Critical Thinking: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge: 2001. [ Google Scholar ]
• Halpern Diane F., Dunn Dana S. Thought and Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking. 6th ed. Routledge Taylor & Francis; New York: 2023. [ Google Scholar ]
• Hart Research Associated Fulfilling the America Dream: Liberal Education and the Future of Work. 2018. [(accessed on 20 June 2023)]. Conducted on Behalf of Association of American Colleges and Universities. Available online: https://dgmg81phhvh63.cloudfront.net/content/user-photos/Research/PDFs/2018EmployerResearchReport.pdf
• Healy Adrian, Perkmann Markus, Goddard John, Kempton Louise. Directorate General for Education and Culture, European Commission. European Union; Brussels: 2014. Measuring the Impact of University Business Cooperation. [ Google Scholar ]
• Heijltjes Anita, Gog Tamara, Paas Fred. Improving Students’ Critical Thinking: Empirical Support for Explicit Instructions Combined with Practice. Applied Cognitive Psychology. 2014; 28 :518–30. doi: 10.1002/acp.3025. [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Kuhn Deanna. A Developmental Model of Critical Thinking. Educational Researcher. 1999; 28 :16–46. doi: 10.3102/0013189X028002016. [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Lilienfeld Scott. Can Psychology Change the World? The British Psychological Society, Research Digest. 2007. [(accessed on 31 May 2023)]. Available online: http://bps-research-digest.blogspot.com/2007/09/can-psychology-save-world.html
• Lipman Matthew. Thinking in Education. Cambridge University Press; New York: 1991. [ Google Scholar ]
• Nair Girija. Preliminary Psychometric Characteristics of the Critical Thinking Self-Assessment Scale. University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon: 2011. [(accessed on 18 May 2023)]. Available online: https://harvest.usask.ca/bitstream/handle/10388/ETD-2011-09-103/girija.nair.phd.thesis.pdf;jsessionid=F19CA2ACBE3978E8DF9E19C77CB3198E?sequence=3 [ Google Scholar ]
• Navracsics Tibor. Key Competences for Lifelong Learning. 2019. [(accessed on 22 May 2023)]. Foreword. European Commission, Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture. Publications Office. Available online: https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2766/569540 [ Google Scholar ]
• Nisbett Richard. Mindware Tools for Smart Thinking. Doubleday Canada; Toronto: 2015. [ Google Scholar ]
• O’Mahony Cian, Brassil Maryanne, Murphy Gillian, Linehan Conor. The efficacy of interventions in reducing belief in conspiracy theories: A systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2023; 18 :e0280902. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280902. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Orazbayeva Balzhan, Daveyb Todd, Plewa Carolin, Galán-Muros Victoria. Engagement of academics in education-driven university-business cooperation: A motivation-based perspective. Studies in Higher Education. 2020; 45 :1723–36. doi: 10.1080/03075079.2019.1582013. [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Paul Richard, Elder Linda. The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools. Foundation for Critical Thinking Press; Santa Barbara: 2008. [ Google Scholar ]
• Payan-Carreira Rita, Rebelo Hugo, Sebastião Luis, Sacau Ana, Ferreira David, Simões Margarida, Pnevmatikos Dimitrios, Christodoulou Panagiota, Lithoxoidou Angeliki, Georgiadou Triantafyllia, et al. THINK4JOBS Guidelines: A Protocol for Critical Thinking Transfer from Curricula to Labour Market. University of Western Macedonia; Greece: 2023. [(accessed on 2 June 2023)]. Available online: https://think4jobs.uowm.gr/results/intellectualoutput4 [ Google Scholar ]
• Pnevmatikos Dimitios, Christodoulou Panagiota, Georgiadou Triantafyllia, Lithoxoidou Angeliki, Dimitriadou Catherine, Carreira Rita Payan, Simões Margarida, Ferreira David, Rebelo Hugo, Sebastião Luis. THINK4JOBS TRAINING: Critical Thinking Training Packages for Higher Education Instructors and Labour Market Tutors. University of Western Macedonia; Greece: 2021. [(accessed on 10 June 2023)]. Available online: https://think4jobs.uowm.gr/results/intellectualoutput2 [ Google Scholar ]
• Quinn Sarah, Hogan Michael, Dwyer Cristopher, Finn Patrick, Fogarty Emer. Development and Validation of the Student-Educator Negotiated Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale (SENCTDS) Thinking Skills and Creativity. 2020; 38 :100710. doi: 10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100710. [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Rebelo Hugo, Christodoulou Panagiota, Payan-Carreira Rita, Dumitru Daniela, Mäkiö Elena, Mäkiö Juho, Pnevmatikos Dimitrios. University-Business Collaboration for the Design, Development and Delivery of Critical Thinking Blended Apprenticeships Curricula: Lessons Learned from a Three-Year Project. Education Sciences. 2023; 2023 :2023081992. doi: 10.20944/preprints202308.1992.v1. [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Roslansky Ryan. You Need a Skills-Based Approach to Hiring and Developing Talent. Harvard Business Review. 2021. [(accessed on 1 June 2023)]. Available online: https://hbr.org/2021/06/you-need-a-skills-based-approach-to-hiring-and-developing-talent
• Tiruneh Dawit. Transfer of Critical Thinking Skills Across Domains: Implicit or Explicit Instructional Approaches?; Paper presented at 2019 AERA Annual Meeting; Toronto, ON, Canada. June 4; 2019. [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Vosoughi Soroush, Roy Deb, Aral Sinan. The spread of true and false news online. Science. 2018; 359 :1146–51. doi: 10.1126/science.aap9559. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Weiser Benjamin, Schweber Nate. The ChatGPT Lawyer Explains Himself. The New York Times. 2023. [(accessed on 11 June 2023)]. Available online: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/08/nyregion/lawyer-chatgpt-sanctions.html
• World Economic Forum The Future of Jobs Report 2020. 2020. [(accessed on 31 May 2023)]. Available online: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2020.pdf

6 Critical Thinking Skills to Supercharge Your Resume

Customers Interviewed by:

When employers are asked which resume skills are the most important, the majority answer “critical thinking skills”.

This is according to the Job Outlook 2022 survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. 

But what exactly are critical thinking skills? And how can you highlight them on your resume? Let’s find out…

Table of Contents

• What are critical thinking skills and why are they important? 

6 essential critical thinking skills

6 ways to add critical thinking skills to your resume.

• How can you develop your critical thinking skills? 

What are critical thinking skills and why are they important?

Humans employ critical thinking skills without even realizing it. From the time we get up to the time we go to sleep, our minds are always working to analyze and make sense of the world around us. 

Critical thinking skills allow us to see beyond the surface level of many issues and problems, and to think deeply and creatively about potential solutions.

Critical thinking skills are key for many modern job roles. If you’re thinking about data engineer skills , critical thinking is needed to design and manage complex data systems. In terms of data scientist skills , critical thinking plays a big part in interpreting data to gain useful insights. When it comes to project manager skills , the ability to think critically helps to manage tasks and solve project issues effectively. Finally, when considering business analyst skills , critical thinking is essential to understand business needs and suggest improvements.

Here are six critical thinking skills that can strengthen your resume. Try to use them whenever you can.

1. Questioning

To think critically, you need to be able to question the information you’re given. This means looking at all sides of an issue and not taking anything at face value.

Questioning at work might involve asking your boss for more information about a new project that’s been assigned to you. Or for clarification on an email that was sent out to the team. 

Questioning information is a key part of being a successful employee. It shows that you’re engaged and interested in what’s going on around you. 

How to add “questioning” to your resume:

• Consistently posed relevant questions during meetings and discussions, contributing to a deeper analysis of topics.
• Questioned and critically evaluated the information presented in team communications, resulting in improved comprehension and minimized misunderstandings.

2. Creativity

Critical thinking isn’t just about logic and reasoning – it also requires creativity. 

Sometimes the most unexpected solution can be the most effective. This kind of problem solving requires creative, outside the box type of thinking.

An example of using creativity at work is to brainstorm with colleagues in an attempt to come up with new ideas or solutions to a problem. Or you can use creativity to look at a problem from a different perspective or angle.

For example, if you’re struggling to come up with new ideas, try talking to people outside your field for inspiration.

How to add “creativity” to your resume:

• Applied creative problem-solving techniques to develop innovative solutions, contributing to a 30% increase in efficiency and cost savings within the department.
• Spearheaded a creative brainstorming initiative, fostering a collaborative environment where diverse ideas were encouraged.

3. Analysis

When you’re presented with an argument, it’s important to be able to analyze it rationally to determine its strengths and weaknesses. 

For example, a vendor might try to persuade you to buy a product or service to help your business grow. In order to make a decision, you need to analyze the vendor’s argument.

What are the potential rewards of buying? What are the risks? Does the vendor’s argument make sense? Is there anything they’re leaving out?

By analyzing the vendor’s argument in this way, you can make informed decisions that align with the growth and success of your business.

How to add “analysis” to your resume:

• Applied critical analysis to competitor data, providing valuable insights that guided product development decisions.
• Analyzed complex financial reports, enabling accurate forecasting and budgeting.

4. Decision-Making

Critical thinking skills allow you to sift through information and make well-informed decisions. 

For example, if your job is a customer service representative, you need to make decisions when people call to complain about a product. Should you refund the customer’s money, send them a replacement product, or offer some other type of compensation?

After considering all the options, you would then make the decision that you believe is in the best interest of the customer and the company.

How to add “decision-making” to your resume:

• Demonstrated strong decision-making skills by assessing risks and evaluating alternatives, resulting in a 20% increase in project completion rates.
• Led cross-functional teams in critical decision-making processes by gathering relevant information, analyzing potential outcomes, and implementing solutions.

5. Communication

Critical thinkers know how to express themselves clearly and persuasively. They can communicate their ideas in a way that is logical and easy for others to understand.

In the work environment, good communication helps prevent misunderstandings and conflict at work. It also gets everyone on the same page, which creates a more efficient workflow. 

Overall, good communication skills result in a more positive, professional, and productive work environment. 

How to add “communication” to your resume:

• Delivered compelling presentations to diverse stakeholders, conveying complex ideas in a concise and accessible manner.
• Orchestrated communication strategies across multiple departments, facilitating collaboration and ensuring clear dissemination of information.

6. Leadership

If you want to be a successful leader , developing your critical thinking skills is essential.

Leadership requires the ability to ask questions, make sound decisions, solve problems, and communicate clearly. Good leaders also continually challenge their own assumptions.

Many businesses do not reach their potential because the leaders lack the ability to do these kinds of things effectively. Are you beginning to see why employers place such a high value on critical thinking skills?

How to add “leadership” to your resume:

• Led a high-performing team of 15 members, employing strategic decision-making and effective delegation to drive project success.
• Fostered a culture of innovation and continuous improvement, inspiring team members to think critically, take calculated risks, and implement creative solutions.

Employers are always looking for candidates who can think critically and solve problems. That’s why it’s so important to showcase critical thinking skills on your resume.

If you’re not sure how to add critical thinking skills examples to your resume in a way that will have the biggest impact, here are some tips and strategies:

1. Use keywords

When searching for jobs, be sure to include keywords like “critical thinking” or “problem solving.”

Some employers may even specifically state in the job description that they are looking for candidates with strong critical thinking skills . If so, it’s absolutely vital that you include that keyword.

To make sure you’re using the right keywords on your resume, use a tool like Jobscan’s resume scanner . It uses AI technology to analyze your resume and score it based on how well it matches the job description.

2. Highlight examples

On your resume , be sure to highlight any projects or tasks that required you to use strong critical thinking skills. You can mention how you solved a difficult problem at work, or discuss a time when you had to make a quick decision using logic and reasoning.

For example, you could say, “Increased social media engagement by 82% after analyzing what our top competitors were doing.”

Remember, employers are also looking for creative thinking, so share any successful results you got from thinking outside-the-box.

3. Describe your process

It’s always a good idea to show exactly how you solved problems using critical thinking skills. In other words, present any research, analysis, or brainstorming that went into your decision-making process. 

You can also mention any tools or technology that you used. For example, you could say, “I improved department efficiency by 50 percent using Six Sigma management tools.” 

4. Use action words

When writing your resume, use powerful action verbs that demonstrate critical thinking skills, such as: 

• Investigated
• Transformed
• Spear-headed

For a comprehensive list of action verbs to use on your resume, check out 500 Resume Action Words .

5. Focus on transferability

Critical thinking is a soft skill , which means it’s transferabl e . This means you can apply it to any job, across all industries and positions. 

Even if you don’t have expertise in the role you’re applying for, you can still highlight critical thinking skills that are relevant to the position. 

For example, if you’re applying for a job in customer service , mention any experience you have with managing difficult people, even if they weren’t your customers. 

6. Use numbers and data

Whenever possible, use metrics to showcase your critical thinking skills. 

Rather than saying “I increased sales by coming up with an innovative marketing strategy,” say “I increased sales by 30 percent with an innovative marketing strategy.”

Following these six tips for adding critical thinking skills to your resume will make you a stronger job candidate for any position you apply for.

To make sure your resume is as strong as possible, use a tool like Jobscan’s resume scanner . It analyzes your resume and tells you how to improve it to give you the best possible chance of getting an interview.

How can you develop your critical thinking skills?

Developing strong critical thinking skills will benefit your professional life and help you get jobs. They’ll also make you a more well-rounded and successful person in general. 

You won’t develop these skills overnight – it can take time and practice – but it’s well worth the effort. 

Here are 8 things you can do to increase your critical thinking powers. 

1. Read, read, read

Reading is great “brain-food” and you should try to do as much of it as possible.

The more you read, the better your understanding of the world will be, and the easier it will be to see both sides of an argument. 

Try to read a variety of materials, from news articles to novels to non-fiction books. 

2. Challenge your own beliefs and assumptions

Assuming that you are always correct can lead to close-mindedness. It can also prevent you from learning new information or considering new ideas. 

To become more open-minded, you need to be willing to challenge your own beliefs and assumptions.

Try to seek out other points of view as much as possible and always question the source of your information. Is it objective and reliable? 

Also, when you’re confronted with a new idea, take the time to really think about it before you form an opinion.

3. Weigh the pros and cons

Before making a decision, always consider carefully the potential positives and negatives of each option. This will allow you to see both sides of the issue and make a more informed decision. 

Of course, this is not always easy, and there are times when the best course of action may not be immediately obvious. 

However, taking the time to weigh the potential options is always worth the effort. It increases the chances of making a decision that leads to a positive outcome.

4. Consider different interpretations

How many times has your initial reaction to a situation colored your judgment and prevented you from seeing all the possibilities?

When you’re trying to understand a situation, it’s important to consider all the different ways you could interpret it.

For example, if you receive a low grade on a test, it is easy to feel discouraged and think that you are not smart enough. But if you take a step back and look at the situation objectively, you may realize that the test was unfair or that you simply didn’t have enough time to prepare. 

By considering the different interpretations of a situation, you can make better decisions and avoid potential pitfalls.

5. Practice active listening

In our fast-paced, often hectic lives, it can be easy to let our minds wander when someone else is speaking. That’s why it’s so important to make a conscious effort to actively listen to what others are saying.

The next time you find yourself in a discussion, really try to listen and understand the other person’s perspective. It could help you see the situation in a new light.

6. Be willing to change your mind

If you find that a new argument or piece of evidence has convinced you, don’t be afraid to change your mind. This shows that you are flexible and adaptable. These are highly valued qualities in most workplaces. 

Additionally, being willing to change your mind can help you avoid making the same mistakes over and over again.

7. Ask questions

It’s important to remember that nobody knows everything. So don’t be afraid to ask questions.

Asking questions can deepen your understanding about a topic. It also shows that you’re interested and want to learn more. 

The next time you’re in a meeting or listening to a presentation, don’t be nervous about raising your hand and asking a question. Chances are, you’re not the only one who wants to know the answer!

8. Practice, practice, practice

Like anything else, critical thinking is a skill that takes time and practice to develop. The more you do it, the better you’ll become at it. 

So challenge yourself to think critically about everything from the news to your daily conversations. Over time, you’ll start to develop good critical thinking skills that will last a lifetime. And, of course, these skills also look great on your resume.

To fully optimize your resume for each job you apply to, use a tool like Jobscan’s resume scanner . It uses AI technology to analyze your resume and score it based on how well it matches the job description.

Related articles…

Interpersonal Skills Examples

75+ Free Certifications to Help You Land Your Dream Job

7 Time Management Skills You Should Include on Your Resume

Robert Henderson, CPRW, is a career advice writer and a resume expert at Jobscan.

Related Articles

August 28, 2024

August 27, 2024

August 22, 2024

August 16, 2024

August 14, 2024

August 10, 2024

August 8, 2024

Join 2 million job seekers who get bi-weekly job search tips

Get insider knowledge and ready-to-use job-seeking tips and hacks delivered to your inbox.

• Resume Templates Simple Professional Modern Creative View all
• Resume Examples Nurse Student Internship Teacher Accountant View all
• Resume Builder
• Cover Letter Templates Simple Professional Modern Creative View all
• Cover Letter Examples Nursing Administrative Assistant Internship Graduate Teacher View all
• Cover Letter Builder
• Resume Help

Critical thinking skills: What are they and why do employers care about them?

Observation

Problem-solving, self-awareness, resume and cover letter.

Being able to conceptualize, analyze and evaluate information to generate appropriate outcomes is the primary driver of corporate decisions. Disciplined and critical thinking skills lead to creative approaches, free of irrational biases and self-interest.

Employers understand that decision making is inherently complex, so when it comes to meeting a potential new employee, critical thinking skills are often at the top of the agenda. When left unchecked, lazy workplace thinking can cause damage. If your boss knows that you have turned over every stone in the search for a solution, they will sleep easy.

In this blog, we will consider critical thinking from a job seeker’s perspective:

• What are the typical steps of a critical thinking process?
• Why does your future employer care about critical thinking?
• 7 examples of critical thinking skills.
• How to improve your critical thinking skills.
• How to highlight critical thinking during your job search.

Being able to “think about thinking” is central to self-awareness and career success. 

Six steps of a critical thinking process.

• Identify the issue and understand why it is important.
• Find out as much information as possible to inform your thinking.
• Interpret the data from as many angles as possible – build a picture.
• Consider your assumptions – are there any biases involved?
• Work out what is relevant to help you to reach a useful conclusion.
• Weigh each piece of evidence to come to a balanced judgment.

Critical thinking is an essential skill and should be highlighted in your cv and cover letter. If you need any additional inspiration, check out our resume examples, and cover letter examples.

Why your future employer cares about your critical thinking

Employers want people who can consider a problem from multiple angles and take into account the context before they decide on a way forward. If you do not take the time to explore the nuances, the level of uncertainty in terms of the outcome will be high.

If everyone in the team is comfortable with thinking critically, every debate will be well informed, and every decision will be optimized.

Critical thinking skills allow an employee to:

• See the links between ideas - suggest synergies and find solutions.
• Consider a discussion and be able to weigh the importance of each argument.
• Build upon arguments to create a consensus and find a way forward.
• Highlight errors in reasoning and challenge inconsistencies in decision-making.
• Adopt a systematic and transparent approach to problem-solving .
• Reflect on assumptions and be flexible to amend assumptions where required.
• Understand the implications of ideas and find the best solutions for implementation.

Critical thinking is a complex topic. As you read through this blog, have a think about how you can frame your decision making to shine a light on how you came to your conclusions. You might be surprised at just how interested your future employer will be about how you got there. Sometimes the process of thinking is as important as the result.

The benefit of foresight in critical thinking . Thinking through the impact of workplace decisions is critical in any dynamic workplace. Show your future employer that you can pause and consider the deeper ramifications of your actions. You will only achieve the best outcomes if you evaluate the potential outcome from multiple angles.

Getting on with others is the key to business success, but how are interpersonal skills defined and how might we use these examples in our resume to make it stronger? Which interpersonal skills does the job require?

7 examples of critical thinking skills

The following seven critical thinking skills form a roadmap for making an informed decision:

Being observant at work means sensing the undercurrents of what is going on and how the future might change as a result. Employees who can perceive a problem before it has arisen will be better placed to deal with it. Observational skills often revolve around an understanding of patterns of behavior – if you have seen something happen before (in similar circumstances), there is a fair chance that it will happen again. 

Critical thinking skill: Be an observant and perceptive sounding board.

When thinking critically, the ability to compare and contrast various information is key to reaching a balanced conclusion. Where do you source your information? How do you verify its validity? Be open minded about where you inform yourself and do not be satisfied with a narrow range of sources. Industry echo chambers are real – especially on social media. Go out of your way to solicit contrary opinions and be dispassionate in your evaluation.

Critical thinking skill: Thorough research forms the foundation of a sound opinion

When you are faced with a mass of information at your disposal, you need to be able to analyze what will help you to make the best decision. Review the data, examine the sources, and interrogate the findings. The quality of the data set will determine the quality of the conclusion. If you make a decision based on shaky sources, you will be fumbling in the dark. Collecting and categorizing information at the early stage of any critical thinking process might take longer than you hope, but this investment is central to an optimal outcome.

Critical thinking skill: Analyze exactly what you need to include in your thinking.

When there is not enough information to make a fully informed decision, you sometimes need to make an educated guess. Inference is the ability to take raw data and fill in the gaps to make the best possible decision. The ability to extrapolate information and infer the correct conclusions is an incredibly valuable skill in the workplace – it requires sound judgment and an ability to solve an incomplete puzzle.

Critical thinking skill: Making an educated guess with incomplete source data.

As the process of critical thinking is rarely straightforward, the ability to tackle problems and resolve conflicts is central to smoothing the path. Adopt a self-critical mindset and constantly ask yourself the question: “is this going to get us to where we need to be?” Problem solvers view setbacks as opportunities for exploring a different path and know that the resultant insights will move them one step closer to a conclusion. There is nothing scarier than admitting that something isn’t working, but such feelings should be embraced.

Critical thinking skill: Problem-solving turns scary setbacks into unexpected opportunities.

You're meeting with someone who is judging you. Judging your character, your work ethic. Here are 7 interview skills that will get you hired in 2024.

It might sound obvious, but your critical thinking abilities are bound by the limitations of your mindset. If you are not self-aware enough to monitor and correct your assumptions, your thinking can be impaired. The ability to be self-aware and adaptable enough to correct your course when you are in a stressful situation is one of the hallmarks of a critical thinker. If your fixed mindset does not allow you to change direction, your potential is limited.

Critical thinking skill: Self-awareness means that you can adapt to change course.

Why? Pondering this simple word has the potential to reveal insights and question assumptions. Having the curiosity to explore the unknowns can tell you much about the problem that you face and throw up multiple other questions. You might not always find a satisfactory answer but allowing these questions to linger at the back of your mind proves an ongoing driving force for your intellect. Critical thinkers are not afraid of questioning everything like a five-year-old. 

Critical thinking skill: Curiosity opens up avenues of thought you didn’t know existed.

How do you improve your critical thinking skills?

• Put yourself in new and challenging situations where you need to act differently.
• Forget about common sense for a minute – practice thinking differently.
• Invest in your education to broaden your theoretical knowledge base.
• Ask open-ended questions and follow up on what the answers might mean.
• Network with a wider range of people and seek their perspectives regularly.
• Be clear about your objectives and narrow your focus in accordance.
• Be aware of your biases in any new situation – avoid instant judgements.

Sharing your array of leadership skills is essential to securing your dream job, so which ones do you showcase on your resume and how do you talk about them?

How to highlight critical thinking during your job search

Potential employers are interested in exploring how you went about making your decisions as well as their outcomes. When different problems come along, they want to be sure that your critical thinking ability is robust enough to make the right moves.

Showcase your critical thinking both in your job search writing and during an interview.

One effective way of highlighting your critical thinking in your written job search documents is to outline the journey that you took to your decisions. This is easier to do in a long-form cover letter than a resume, but you can still include impactful action verbs in bullet-pointed resume achievements.

You should make it clear that you do not take the big decisions lightly. Touching on aspects of the six critical thinking skills listed above will prompt a hiring manager to explore further during an interview. Analyze your thought processes and crystallize your approach.

There will be many situational questions during an interview where you will be able to share the thinking skills that led to the result. If you choose to tell your career stories using the STAR method , you can weave your critical thinking skills in between the task and action parts. In some ways, it should read STTAR. You can’t take action without critical thought.

When you are outlining your critical thinking during an interview, it is important to consider the culture of your potential employer. Is short-term tactical thinking preferred over longer-term strategy? Are decisions made by collective agreement or are individuals trusted to do the right thing within their remits? How open are senior management to being challenged?

Don’t just talk about your thinking skills in an interview – back up your claims with proof.

An example of critical thinking : Think about something that someone recently told you. Who said it? What did they say? When did they say it? Why did they say it? How did they say it? Considering the wider context of a problem will lead you onto further questions.

There’s really no such thing as an unskilled worker — pretty much everyone is good at something. And whatever field you work in, you need to know how to list hard skills on your resume to let employers know what you’re capable of doing.

Key takeaways

• If your future boss can understand the thought processes behind how you make decisions, it will be easier for them to imagine you making the right moves in your new role.
• The ability to outline how you think is essential to gaining their trust in your decision-making.
• Develop a narrative around critical thinking successes and share an example in the interview. It is only through real-life examples that an employer will gauge the depth of your thinking.
• Don't forget to showcase your critical thinking skills in your cover letter and resume by using impactful action verbs that describe your achievements. You can find even more insights on how to highlight your critical thinking skill in our cover letter examples and resume templates.

• Open training
• Team training

What is Critical Thinking and Why is it Valuable in the Workplace?

• Articles and Resources
• > Personal Effectiveness and Preparing for Change
• > What is Critical Thinking and Why is it Valuable in the Workplace?

There are times at work when you simply have to “do.” A tight deadline, a demanding project outline, or a highly particular superior might mean that it makes sense to complete a task without too much mental tinkering. But work like this can be unsustainable and worse — it won’t leverage your ability to think critically.

There is value in thinking critically in every aspect of your life. From making decisions in your personal life, to interrogating the media you consume, to assessing your work with a critical eye, applying critical thinking is an essential skill everyone should be trying to hone.

At your workplace, critical thinking can distinguish you as a leader, and a valuable mind to bounce ideas off. It can help improve the quality of your work, and the perception those higher up the chain have of you.

Here’s what you need to know about critical thinking in the workplace:

What Exactly is “Critical Thinking”?

  In a nutshell, critical thinking is the ability to think reasonably, detaching yourself from personal bias, emotional responses, and subjective opinions. It involves using the data at hand to make a reasoned choice without falling prey to the temptations of doing things simply because they’ve always been done a certain way.

Critical thinking takes time. It might be quicker simply to take instruction at face value, or rely on the traditions of your team. But without analyzing the reasons behind decisions and tasks, it becomes extremely easy to adopt bad habits. This might be time-wasting meetings, inefficient uses of effort, or poor interactions with team members. Taking the time to ask “why” you’re doing something is the first step to thinking critically.

Sometimes, data is available which allows you to make reasoned decisions based on absolute facts. If you can show that a new best practice can objectively improve current processes with hard data, you’ve used the very basics of critical thinking. That said, actual numbers aren’t always available when making a decision. Real critical thinking involves taking a careful look at situations and making a decision based on what is known, not what is felt.

Why Is Critical Thinking Important in the Workplace?

The short answer to the above question is this: critical thinkers make the best decisions, most often. And in the workplace, where choices about how to complete tasks, communicate information, relate with coworkers, and develop strategy are so common, critical thinkers are extremely valuable.

A savvy hiring manager will make this part of the recruitment process. It’s pretty easy to gauge how someone is inclined to solve a problem — ask them how they would deal with a specific situation, and give them the opportunity to use their critical thinking skills, versus deferring to an emotional, or prescribed reaction. Employing people who can think and act reasonably will pay enormous dividends down the road.

Using your critical thinking skills in the workplace will define you as a problem solver. This is not only useful career-wise (although having upper-level people at your company think highly of you is undoubtedly a benefit) it also establishes you as a leader among your fellow team members. Demonstrating your ability to solve problems and accomplish goals effectively will help instill confidence in you with all your coworkers.

How to Use Critical Thinking in the Workplace

The first step to actually using critical thinking is approaching every situation with an open mind. You need to be receptive to all information available, not just the kind that satisfies your preconceived notions or personal biases. This can be easier said than done, of course — lessons learned and beliefs held are often done so with a reason. But when it comes to critical thinking, it’s important to analyze each situation independently.

Once you’ve analyzed a situation with an open mind, you need to consider how to communicate it properly. It’s all very well and good to approach situations with objective logic, but it doesn’t do you any favours to sound like  Mr. Spock  when you’re conveying your conclusions. Be tactful, patient and humble when you are explaining how and why you’ve come to decisions. Use data if available to support your findings, but understand that not everyone is able to remove emotion from situations.

The final, and perhaps least obvious, application with critical thinking is creativity. Often, getting creative means pushing boundaries and reshaping convention. This means taking a risk — one that can often be worth the reward. Using a critical thinking approach when getting creative can help you mitigate the risk, and better determine what value your creativity can bring. It will help you and your team try new things and reinvent current processes while hopefully not rocking the boat too much.

Learn More About Critical Thinking

Critical thinking is a valuable skill for all aspects of your life. It benefits problem solving, creativity, and teamwork. And it translates particularly well to the workplace, where it can distinguish you as a valuable employee and leader.

Taking the extra time to examine things objectively, make decisions based on logic, and communicate it tactfully will help you, those you work with, and your work goals prosper. To learn more about how to do that, have a look at our  Critical Thinking and Problem Solving for Effective Decision-Making   workshop and register today!

Let us help you create your training solution

Hello we'd love to hear from you.

Complete the form below or reach us at: [email protected] , or 613-234-2020

Contact details

To help you.

• I wish to subscribe to PMC Training content.

Welcome to our new website!

We appreciate your patience as we add the finishing touches. In the meantime, go and explore!

Cookie Usage Disclaimer: This website uses cookies to enhance your browsing experience. By continuing to use this site, you consent to our use of cookies. For more information, please review our Privacy Policy .

• SUGGESTED TOPICS
• The Magazine
• Newsletters
• Managing Yourself
• Managing Teams
• Work-life Balance
• The Big Idea
• Data & Visuals
• Reading Lists
• Case Selections
• HBR Learning
• Topic Feeds
• Account Settings
• Email Preferences

A Short Guide to Building Your Team’s Critical Thinking Skills

• Matt Plummer

Critical thinking isn’t an innate skill. It can be learned.

Most employers lack an effective way to objectively assess critical thinking skills and most managers don’t know how to provide specific instruction to team members in need of becoming better thinkers. Instead, most managers employ a sink-or-swim approach, ultimately creating work-arounds to keep those who can’t figure out how to “swim” from making important decisions. But it doesn’t have to be this way. To demystify what critical thinking is and how it is developed, the author’s team turned to three research-backed models: The Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment, Pearson’s RED Critical Thinking Model, and Bloom’s Taxonomy. Using these models, they developed the Critical Thinking Roadmap, a framework that breaks critical thinking down into four measurable phases: the ability to execute, synthesize, recommend, and generate.

With critical thinking ranking among the most in-demand skills for job candidates , you would think that educational institutions would prepare candidates well to be exceptional thinkers, and employers would be adept at developing such skills in existing employees. Unfortunately, both are largely untrue.

• Matt Plummer (@mtplummer) is the founder of Zarvana, which offers online programs and coaching services to help working professionals become more productive by developing time-saving habits. Before starting Zarvana, Matt spent six years at Bain & Company spin-out, The Bridgespan Group, a strategy and management consulting firm for nonprofits, foundations, and philanthropists.  

Partner Center

More From Forbes

Critical thinking: what is it and how can you develop this skill.

• Share to Facebook
• Share to Twitter
• Share to Linkedin

Founder and Head of the international IT recruitment company Lucky Hunter .

I have already raised the issue of the importance of developing emotional intelligence in previous pieces, and today I would like to talk about why critical thinking also matters for employees—especially top managers of companies.

First of all, let's define what critical thinking is. In general, it is the ability to objectively analyze events, incoming information and arguments; approach an issue from different sides; and form conclusions based on the analysis. Developing critical thinking is relevant not only for work but also for life—today we're inundated with huge amounts of information every day, and in order to be able to analyze this information and determine our position based on balanced facts, it is important to look at situations critically.

Critical thinking allows you to always soberly assess the situations taking place in your work, give an objective assessment, including your own actions and the actions of others, effectively negotiate and find the best way out of ambiguous situations. That is why large companies, when hiring employees, pay close attention to the soft skills of a candidate, especially if they are applying for top positions.

So, how can you develop critical thinking?

Practice analyzing.

Turn the events happening around you into facts. Learn to separate them from emotions. Emotions often prevent us from thinking critically, because they reduce everything to the emotional component, which cannot be relied on. Study different points of view on a specific topic. Read more, broaden your horizons and work with information—the more you “dissect” any information material, the more chances you have to get to the bottom of it.

Pay attention to self-criticism.

There should always be a certain amount of healthy self-criticism in your actions and behavior. The keyword here is healthy because it is important to maintain balance and not slip into self-flagellation. Learn to adequately evaluate yourself and your actions, and determine your strengths and growth areas. I work in recruiting, so I will give an example from my practice: In the work of a recruiter, self-criticism is vital for an objective assessment of a candidate, because, in order to evaluate others, you must first be able to objectively evaluate yourself.

Build productive communication.

If you conduct a dialogue calmly and kindly, without insults and rudeness, truly listening and hearing the interlocutor, you thereby increase the chances of getting some useful insight into the process of interaction. It can give you the opportunity to look at the situation from a new angle and come to a conclusion that you would not have come to otherwise. Therefore, the ability to conduct effective, productive communication also affects the development of critical thinking.

Develop your forecasting skills.

This point is quite closely related to the first one. Analyze information and build forecasts based on the analysis, think over the likely development of events and try to answer for yourself why it will be exactly like this. Such forecasting, again, allows you to study a specific situation from different sides, get certain insights into the process and come to an objective conclusion.

Today, it's crucial for employees and managers to develop the skill of thinking critically—all you need to do is start. The result could have a positive impact on all fields of your life, both personal and professional, because a high level of critical thinking has a good effect on communication (including business). It allows you to form objective conclusions and cut off the excess of information garbage, focusing on facts and analyzing them.

Forbes Human Resources Council is an invitation-only organization for HR executives across all industries. Do I qualify?

• Editorial Standards
• Reprints & Permissions

Critical Thinking Definition, Skills, and Examples

• Homework Help
• Private School
• College Admissions
• College Life
• Graduate School
• Business School
• Distance Learning

• Indiana University, Bloomington
• State University of New York at Oneonta

Critical thinking refers to the ability to analyze information objectively and make a reasoned judgment. It involves the evaluation of sources, such as data, facts, observable phenomena, and research findings.

Good critical thinkers can draw reasonable conclusions from a set of information, and discriminate between useful and less useful details to solve problems or make decisions. These skills are especially helpful at school and in the workplace, where employers prioritize the ability to think critically. Find out why and see how you can demonstrate that you have this ability.

Examples of Critical Thinking

The circumstances that demand critical thinking vary from industry to industry. Some examples include:

• A triage nurse analyzes the cases at hand and decides the order by which the patients should be treated.
• A plumber evaluates the materials that would best suit a particular job.
• An attorney reviews the evidence and devises a strategy to win a case or to decide whether to settle out of court.
• A manager analyzes customer feedback forms and uses this information to develop a customer service training session for employees.

Why Do Employers Value Critical Thinking Skills?

Employers want job candidates who can evaluate a situation using logical thought and offer the best solution.

Someone with critical thinking skills can be trusted to make decisions independently, and will not need constant handholding.

Hiring a critical thinker means that micromanaging won't be required. Critical thinking abilities are among the most sought-after skills in almost every industry and workplace. You can demonstrate critical thinking by using related keywords in your resume and cover letter and during your interview.

How to Demonstrate Critical Thinking in a Job Search

If critical thinking is a key phrase in the job listings you are applying for, be sure to emphasize your critical thinking skills throughout your job search.

Add Keywords to Your Resume

You can use critical thinking keywords (analytical, problem solving, creativity, etc.) in your resume. When describing your work history, include top critical thinking skills that accurately describe you. You can also include them in your resume summary, if you have one.

For example, your summary might read, “Marketing Associate with five years of experience in project management. Skilled in conducting thorough market research and competitor analysis to assess market trends and client needs, and to develop appropriate acquisition tactics.”

Mention Skills in Your Cover Letter

Include these critical thinking skills in your cover letter. In the body of your letter, mention one or two of these skills, and give specific examples of times when you have demonstrated them at work. Think about times when you had to analyze or evaluate materials to solve a problem.

Show the Interviewer Your Skills

You can use these skill words in an interview. Discuss a time when you were faced with a particular problem or challenge at work and explain how you applied critical thinking to solve it.

Some interviewers will give you a hypothetical scenario or problem, and ask you to use critical thinking skills to solve it. In this case, explain your thought process thoroughly to the interviewer. He or she is typically more focused on how you arrive at your solution rather than the solution itself. The interviewer wants to see you analyze and evaluate (key parts of critical thinking) the given scenario or problem.

Of course, each job will require different skills and experiences, so make sure you read the job description carefully and focus on the skills listed by the employer.

Top Critical Thinking Skills

Keep these in-demand skills in mind as you refine your critical thinking practice —whether for work or school.

Part of critical thinking is the ability to carefully examine something, whether it is a problem, a set of data, or a text. People with analytical skills can examine information, understand what it means, and properly explain to others the implications of that information.

• Asking Thoughtful Questions
• Data Analysis
• Interpretation
• Questioning Evidence
• Recognizing Patterns

Communication

Often, you will need to share your conclusions with your employers or with a group of classmates or colleagues. You need to be able to communicate with others to share your ideas effectively. You might also need to engage in critical thinking in a group. In this case, you will need to work with others and communicate effectively to figure out solutions to complex problems.

• Active Listening
• Collaboration
• Explanation
• Interpersonal
• Presentation
• Verbal Communication
• Written Communication

Critical thinking often involves creativity and innovation. You might need to spot patterns in the information you are looking at or come up with a solution that no one else has thought of before. All of this involves a creative eye that can take a different approach from all other approaches.

• Flexibility
• Conceptualization
• Imagination
• Drawing Connections
• Synthesizing

Open-Mindedness

To think critically, you need to be able to put aside any assumptions or judgments and merely analyze the information you receive. You need to be objective, evaluating ideas without bias.

• Objectivity
• Observation

Problem-Solving

Problem-solving is another critical thinking skill that involves analyzing a problem, generating and implementing a solution, and assessing the success of the plan. Employers don’t simply want employees who can think about information critically. They also need to be able to come up with practical solutions.

• Attention to Detail
• Clarification
• Decision Making
• Groundedness
• Identifying Patterns

More Critical Thinking Skills

• Inductive Reasoning
• Deductive Reasoning
• Noticing Outliers
• Adaptability
• Emotional Intelligence
• Brainstorming
• Optimization
• Restructuring
• Integration
• Strategic Planning
• Project Management
• Ongoing Improvement
• Causal Relationships
• Case Analysis
• Diagnostics
• SWOT Analysis
• Business Intelligence
• Quantitative Data Management
• Qualitative Data Management
• Risk Management
• Scientific Method
• Consumer Behavior

Key Takeaways

• Demonstrate you have critical thinking skills by adding relevant keywords to your resume.
• Mention pertinent critical thinking skills in your cover letter, too, and include an example of a time when you demonstrated them at work.
• Finally, highlight critical thinking skills during your interview. For instance, you might discuss a time when you were faced with a challenge at work and explain how you applied critical thinking skills to solve it.

University of Louisville. " What is Critical Thinking ."

American Management Association. " AMA Critical Skills Survey: Workers Need Higher Level Skills to Succeed in the 21st Century ."

• 18 Ways to Practice Spelling Words
• The 16 SEC Schools
• Sample Appeal Letter for an Academic Dismissal
• List of Supplies for High School Students
• Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Education
• How to Find the Main Idea
• Understanding Very Big Numbers
• 100 Persuasive Speech Topics for Students
• Introduction to Critical Thinking
• Foreign Language Requirement for College Admissions
• Fostering Cultural Diversity in Your School
• GRE Text Completion Examples
• Controversial Speech Topics
• ACT Science Reasoning Information
• Free Online Computer Classes
• Undergraduate Courses That Are Recommended for Law School

41+ Critical Thinking Examples (Definition + Practices)

Critical thinking is an essential skill in our information-overloaded world, where figuring out what is fact and fiction has become increasingly challenging.

But why is critical thinking essential? Put, critical thinking empowers us to make better decisions, challenge and validate our beliefs and assumptions, and understand and interact with the world more effectively and meaningfully.

Critical thinking is like using your brain's "superpowers" to make smart choices. Whether it's picking the right insurance, deciding what to do in a job, or discussing topics in school, thinking deeply helps a lot. In the next parts, we'll share real-life examples of when this superpower comes in handy and give you some fun exercises to practice it.

Critical Thinking Process Outline

Critical thinking means thinking clearly and fairly without letting personal feelings get in the way. It's like being a detective, trying to solve a mystery by using clues and thinking hard about them.

It isn't always easy to think critically, as it can take a pretty smart person to see some of the questions that aren't being answered in a certain situation. But, we can train our brains to think more like puzzle solvers, which can help develop our critical thinking skills.

Here's what it looks like step by step:

Spotting the Problem: It's like discovering a puzzle to solve. You see that there's something you need to figure out or decide.

Collecting Clues: Now, you need to gather information. Maybe you read about it, watch a video, talk to people, or do some research. It's like getting all the pieces to solve your puzzle.

Breaking It Down: This is where you look at all your clues and try to see how they fit together. You're asking questions like: Why did this happen? What could happen next?

Checking Your Clues: You want to make sure your information is good. This means seeing if what you found out is true and if you can trust where it came from.

Making a Guess: After looking at all your clues, you think about what they mean and come up with an answer. This answer is like your best guess based on what you know.

Explaining Your Thoughts: Now, you tell others how you solved the puzzle. You explain how you thought about it and how you answered. 

Checking Your Work: This is like looking back and seeing if you missed anything. Did you make any mistakes? Did you let any personal feelings get in the way? This step helps make sure your thinking is clear and fair.

And remember, you might sometimes need to go back and redo some steps if you discover something new. If you realize you missed an important clue, you might have to go back and collect more information.

Critical Thinking Methods

Just like doing push-ups or running helps our bodies get stronger, there are special exercises that help our brains think better. These brain workouts push us to think harder, look at things closely, and ask many questions.

It's not always about finding the "right" answer. Instead, it's about the journey of thinking and asking "why" or "how." Doing these exercises often helps us become better thinkers and makes us curious to know more about the world.

Now, let's look at some brain workouts to help us think better:

1. "What If" Scenarios

Imagine crazy things happening, like, "What if there was no internet for a month? What would we do?" These games help us think of new and different ideas.

Pick a hot topic. Argue one side of it and then try arguing the opposite. This makes us see different viewpoints and think deeply about a topic.

3. Analyze Visual Data

Check out charts or pictures with lots of numbers and info but no explanations. What story are they telling? This helps us get better at understanding information just by looking at it.

4. Mind Mapping

Write an idea in the center and then draw lines to related ideas. It's like making a map of your thoughts. This helps us see how everything is connected.

There's lots of mind-mapping software , but it's also nice to do this by hand.

5. Weekly Diary

Every week, write about what happened, the choices you made, and what you learned. Writing helps us think about our actions and how we can do better.

6. Evaluating Information Sources

Collect stories or articles about one topic from newspapers or blogs. Which ones are trustworthy? Which ones might be a little biased? This teaches us to be smart about where we get our info.

There are many resources to help you determine if information sources are factual or not.

7. Socratic Questioning

This way of thinking is called the Socrates Method, named after an old-time thinker from Greece. It's about asking lots of questions to understand a topic. You can do this by yourself or chat with a friend.

Start with a Big Question:

"What does 'success' mean?"

Dive Deeper with More Questions:

"Why do you think of success that way?" "Do TV shows, friends, or family make you think that?" "Does everyone think about success the same way?"

"Can someone be a winner even if they aren't rich or famous?" "Can someone feel like they didn't succeed, even if everyone else thinks they did?"

Look for Real-life Examples:

"Who is someone you think is successful? Why?" "Was there a time you felt like a winner? What happened?"

Think About Other People's Views:

"How might a person from another country think about success?" "Does the idea of success change as we grow up or as our life changes?"

Think About What It Means:

"How does your idea of success shape what you want in life?" "Are there problems with only wanting to be rich or famous?"

Look Back and Think:

"After talking about this, did your idea of success change? How?" "Did you learn something new about what success means?"

8. Six Thinking Hats 

Edward de Bono came up with a cool way to solve problems by thinking in six different ways, like wearing different colored hats. You can do this independently, but it might be more effective in a group so everyone can have a different hat color. Each color has its way of thinking:

White Hat (Facts): Just the facts! Ask, "What do we know? What do we need to find out?"

Red Hat (Feelings): Talk about feelings. Ask, "How do I feel about this?"

Black Hat (Careful Thinking): Be cautious. Ask, "What could go wrong?"

Yellow Hat (Positive Thinking): Look on the bright side. Ask, "What's good about this?"

Green Hat (Creative Thinking): Think of new ideas. Ask, "What's another way to look at this?"

Blue Hat (Planning): Organize the talk. Ask, "What should we do next?"

When using this method with a group:

• Explain all the hats.
• Decide which hat to wear first.
• Make sure everyone switches hats at the same time.
• Finish with the Blue Hat to plan the next steps.

9. SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis is like a game plan for businesses to know where they stand and where they should go. "SWOT" stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats.

There are a lot of SWOT templates out there for how to do this visually, but you can also think it through. It doesn't just apply to businesses but can be a good way to decide if a project you're working on is working.

Strengths: What's working well? Ask, "What are we good at?"

Weaknesses: Where can we do better? Ask, "Where can we improve?"

Opportunities: What good things might come our way? Ask, "What chances can we grab?"

Threats: What challenges might we face? Ask, "What might make things tough for us?"

Steps to do a SWOT Analysis:

• Goal: Decide what you want to find out.
• Research: Learn about your business and the world around it.
• Brainstorm: Get a group and think together. Talk about strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
• Pick the Most Important Points: Some things might be more urgent or important than others.
• Make a Plan: Decide what to do based on your SWOT list.
• Check Again Later: Things change, so look at your SWOT again after a while to update it.

Now that you have a few tools for thinking critically, let’s get into some specific examples.

Everyday Examples

Life is a series of decisions. From the moment we wake up, we're faced with choices – some trivial, like choosing a breakfast cereal, and some more significant, like buying a home or confronting an ethical dilemma at work. While it might seem that these decisions are disparate, they all benefit from the application of critical thinking.

10. Deciding to buy something

Imagine you want a new phone. Don't just buy it because the ad looks cool. Think about what you need in a phone. Look up different phones and see what people say about them. Choose the one that's the best deal for what you want.

11. Deciding what is true

There's a lot of news everywhere. Don't believe everything right away. Think about why someone might be telling you this. Check if what you're reading or watching is true. Make up your mind after you've looked into it.

12. Deciding when you’re wrong

Sometimes, friends can have disagreements. Don't just get mad right away. Try to see where they're coming from. Talk about what's going on. Find a way to fix the problem that's fair for everyone.

13. Deciding what to eat

There's always a new diet or exercise that's popular. Don't just follow it because it's trendy. Find out if it's good for you. Ask someone who knows, like a doctor. Make choices that make you feel good and stay healthy.

14. Deciding what to do today

Everyone is busy with school, chores, and hobbies. Make a list of things you need to do. Decide which ones are most important. Plan your day so you can get things done and still have fun.

15. Making Tough Choices

Sometimes, it's hard to know what's right. Think about how each choice will affect you and others. Talk to people you trust about it. Choose what feels right in your heart and is fair to others.

16. Planning for the Future

Big decisions, like where to go to school, can be tricky. Think about what you want in the future. Look at the good and bad of each choice. Talk to people who know about it. Pick what feels best for your dreams and goals.

Job Examples

17. solving problems.

Workers brainstorm ways to fix a machine quickly without making things worse when a machine breaks at a factory.

18. Decision Making

A store manager decides which products to order more of based on what's selling best.

19. Setting Goals

A team leader helps their team decide what tasks are most important to finish this month and which can wait.

20. Evaluating Ideas

At a team meeting, everyone shares ideas for a new project. The group discusses each idea's pros and cons before picking one.

21. Handling Conflict

Two workers disagree on how to do a job. Instead of arguing, they talk calmly, listen to each other, and find a solution they both like.

22. Improving Processes

A cashier thinks of a faster way to ring up items so customers don't have to wait as long.

23. Asking Questions

Before starting a big task, an employee asks for clear instructions and checks if they have the necessary tools.

24. Checking Facts

Before presenting a report, someone double-checks all their information to make sure there are no mistakes.

25. Planning for the Future

A business owner thinks about what might happen in the next few years, like new competitors or changes in what customers want, and makes plans based on those thoughts.

26. Understanding Perspectives

A team is designing a new toy. They think about what kids and parents would both like instead of just what they think is fun.

School Examples

27. researching a topic.

For a history project, a student looks up different sources to understand an event from multiple viewpoints.

28. Debating an Issue

In a class discussion, students pick sides on a topic, like school uniforms, and share reasons to support their views.

29. Evaluating Sources

While writing an essay, a student checks if the information from a website is trustworthy or might be biased.

30. Problem Solving in Math

When stuck on a tricky math problem, a student tries different methods to find the answer instead of giving up.

31. Analyzing Literature

In English class, students discuss why a character in a book made certain choices and what those decisions reveal about them.

32. Testing a Hypothesis

For a science experiment, students guess what will happen and then conduct tests to see if they're right or wrong.

33. Giving Peer Feedback

After reading a classmate's essay, a student offers suggestions for improving it.

34. Questioning Assumptions

In a geography lesson, students consider why certain countries are called "developed" and what that label means.

35. Designing a Study

For a psychology project, students plan an experiment to understand how people's memories work and think of ways to ensure accurate results.

36. Interpreting Data

In a science class, students look at charts and graphs from a study, then discuss what the information tells them and if there are any patterns.

Critical Thinking Puzzles

Not all scenarios will have a single correct answer that can be figured out by thinking critically. Sometimes we have to think critically about ethical choices or moral behaviors. 

Here are some mind games and scenarios you can solve using critical thinking. You can see the solution(s) at the end of the post.

37. The Farmer, Fox, Chicken, and Grain Problem

A farmer is at a riverbank with a fox, a chicken, and a grain bag. He needs to get all three items across the river. However, his boat can only carry himself and one of the three items at a time. 

Here's the challenge:

• If the fox is left alone with the chicken, the fox will eat the chicken.
• If the chicken is left alone with the grain, the chicken will eat the grain.

How can the farmer get all three items across the river without any item being eaten? 

38. The Rope, Jar, and Pebbles Problem

You are in a room with two long ropes hanging from the ceiling. Each rope is just out of arm's reach from the other, so you can't hold onto one rope and reach the other simultaneously. 

Your task is to tie the two rope ends together, but you can't move the position where they hang from the ceiling.

You are given a jar full of pebbles. How do you complete the task?

39. The Two Guards Problem

Imagine there are two doors. One door leads to certain doom, and the other leads to freedom. You don't know which is which.

In front of each door stands a guard. One guard always tells the truth. The other guard always lies. You don't know which guard is which.

You can ask only one question to one of the guards. What question should you ask to find the door that leads to freedom?

40. The Hourglass Problem

You have two hourglasses. One measures 7 minutes when turned over, and the other measures 4 minutes. Using just these hourglasses, how can you time exactly 9 minutes?

41. The Lifeboat Dilemma

Imagine you're on a ship that's sinking. You get on a lifeboat, but it's already too full and might flip over. 

Nearby in the water, five people are struggling: a scientist close to finding a cure for a sickness, an old couple who've been together for a long time, a mom with three kids waiting at home, and a tired teenager who helped save others but is now in danger. 

You can only save one person without making the boat flip. Who would you choose?

42. The Tech Dilemma

You work at a tech company and help make a computer program to help small businesses. You're almost ready to share it with everyone, but you find out there might be a small chance it has a problem that could show users' private info. 

If you decide to fix it, you must wait two more months before sharing it. But your bosses want you to share it now. What would you do?

43. The History Mystery

Dr. Amelia is a history expert. She's studying where a group of people traveled long ago. She reads old letters and documents to learn about it. But she finds some letters that tell a different story than what most people believe. 

If she says this new story is true, it could change what people learn in school and what they think about history. What should she do?

The Role of Bias in Critical Thinking

Have you ever decided you don’t like someone before you even know them? Or maybe someone shared an idea with you that you immediately loved without even knowing all the details. 

This experience is called bias, which occurs when you like or dislike something or someone without a good reason or knowing why. It can also take shape in certain reactions to situations, like a habit or instinct. 

Bias comes from our own experiences, what friends or family tell us, or even things we are born believing. Sometimes, bias can help us stay safe, but other times it stops us from seeing the truth.

Not all bias is bad. Bias can be a mechanism for assessing our potential safety in a new situation. If we are biased to think that anything long, thin, and curled up is a snake, we might assume the rope is something to be afraid of before we know it is just a rope.

While bias might serve us in some situations (like jumping out of the way of an actual snake before we have time to process that we need to be jumping out of the way), it often harms our ability to think critically.

How Bias Gets in the Way of Good Thinking

Selective Perception: We only notice things that match our ideas and ignore the rest. 

It's like only picking red candies from a mixed bowl because you think they taste the best, but they taste the same as every other candy in the bowl. It could also be when we see all the signs that our partner is cheating on us but choose to ignore them because we are happy the way we are (or at least, we think we are).

Agreeing with Yourself: This is called “ confirmation bias ” when we only listen to ideas that match our own and seek, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms what we already think we know or believe. 

An example is when someone wants to know if it is safe to vaccinate their children but already believes that vaccines are not safe, so they only look for information supporting the idea that vaccines are bad.

Thinking We Know It All: Similar to confirmation bias, this is called “overconfidence bias.” Sometimes we think our ideas are the best and don't listen to others. This can stop us from learning.

Have you ever met someone who you consider a “know it”? Probably, they have a lot of overconfidence bias because while they may know many things accurately, they can’t know everything. Still, if they act like they do, they show overconfidence bias.

There's a weird kind of bias similar to this called the Dunning Kruger Effect, and that is when someone is bad at what they do, but they believe and act like they are the best .

Following the Crowd: This is formally called “groupthink”. It's hard to speak up with a different idea if everyone agrees. But this can lead to mistakes.

An example of this we’ve all likely seen is the cool clique in primary school. There is usually one person that is the head of the group, the “coolest kid in school”, and everyone listens to them and does what they want, even if they don’t think it’s a good idea.

How to Overcome Biases

Here are a few ways to learn to think better, free from our biases (or at least aware of them!).

Know Your Biases: Realize that everyone has biases. If we know about them, we can think better.

Listen to Different People: Talking to different kinds of people can give us new ideas.

Ask Why: Always ask yourself why you believe something. Is it true, or is it just a bias?

Understand Others: Try to think about how others feel. It helps you see things in new ways.

Keep Learning: Always be curious and open to new information.

In today's world, everything changes fast, and there's so much information everywhere. This makes critical thinking super important. It helps us distinguish between what's real and what's made up. It also helps us make good choices. But thinking this way can be tough sometimes because of biases. These are like sneaky thoughts that can trick us. The good news is we can learn to see them and think better.

There are cool tools and ways we've talked about, like the "Socratic Questioning" method and the "Six Thinking Hats." These tools help us get better at thinking. These thinking skills can also help us in school, work, and everyday life.

We’ve also looked at specific scenarios where critical thinking would be helpful, such as deciding what diet to follow and checking facts.

Thinking isn't just a skill—it's a special talent we improve over time. Working on it lets us see things more clearly and understand the world better. So, keep practicing and asking questions! It'll make you a smarter thinker and help you see the world differently.

Critical Thinking Puzzles (Solutions)

The farmer, fox, chicken, and grain problem.

• The farmer first takes the chicken across the river and leaves it on the other side.
• He returns to the original side and takes the fox across the river.
• After leaving the fox on the other side, he returns the chicken to the starting side.
• He leaves the chicken on the starting side and takes the grain bag across the river.
• He leaves the grain with the fox on the other side and returns to get the chicken.
• The farmer takes the chicken across, and now all three items -- the fox, the chicken, and the grain -- are safely on the other side of the river.

The Rope, Jar, and Pebbles Problem

• Take one rope and tie the jar of pebbles to its end.
• Swing the rope with the jar in a pendulum motion.
• While the rope is swinging, grab the other rope and wait.
• As the swinging rope comes back within reach due to its pendulum motion, grab it.
• With both ropes within reach, untie the jar and tie the rope ends together.

The Two Guards Problem

The question is, "What would the other guard say is the door to doom?" Then choose the opposite door.

The Hourglass Problem

• Start both hourglasses. 
• When the 4-minute hourglass runs out, turn it over.
• When the 7-minute hourglass runs out, the 4-minute hourglass will have been running for 3 minutes. Turn the 7-minute hourglass over. 
• When the 4-minute hourglass runs out for the second time (a total of 8 minutes have passed), the 7-minute hourglass will run for 1 minute. Turn the 7-minute hourglass again for 1 minute to empty the hourglass (a total of 9 minutes passed).

The Boat and Weights Problem

Take the cat over first and leave it on the other side. Then, return and take the fish across next. When you get there, take the cat back with you. Leave the cat on the starting side and take the cat food across. Lastly, return to get the cat and bring it to the other side.

The Lifeboat Dilemma

There isn’t one correct answer to this problem. Here are some elements to consider:

• Moral Principles: What values guide your decision? Is it the potential greater good for humanity (the scientist)? What is the value of long-standing love and commitment (the elderly couple)? What is the future of young children who depend on their mothers? Or the selfless bravery of the teenager?
• Future Implications: Consider the future consequences of each choice. Saving the scientist might benefit millions in the future, but what moral message does it send about the value of individual lives?
• Emotional vs. Logical Thinking: While it's essential to engage empathy, it's also crucial not to let emotions cloud judgment entirely. For instance, while the teenager's bravery is commendable, does it make him more deserving of a spot on the boat than the others?
• Acknowledging Uncertainty: The scientist claims to be close to a significant breakthrough, but there's no certainty. How does this uncertainty factor into your decision?
• Personal Bias: Recognize and challenge any personal biases, such as biases towards age, profession, or familial status.

The Tech Dilemma

Again, there isn’t one correct answer to this problem. Here are some elements to consider:

• Evaluate the Risk: How severe is the potential vulnerability? Can it be easily exploited, or would it require significant expertise? Even if the circumstances are rare, what would be the consequences if the vulnerability were exploited?
• Stakeholder Considerations: Different stakeholders will have different priorities. Upper management might prioritize financial projections, the marketing team might be concerned about the product's reputation, and customers might prioritize the security of their data. How do you balance these competing interests?
• Short-Term vs. Long-Term Implications: While launching on time could meet immediate financial goals, consider the potential long-term damage to the company's reputation if the vulnerability is exploited. Would the short-term gains be worth the potential long-term costs?
• Ethical Implications : Beyond the financial and reputational aspects, there's an ethical dimension to consider. Is it right to release a product with a known vulnerability, even if the chances of it being exploited are low?
• Seek External Input: Consulting with cybersecurity experts outside your company might be beneficial. They could provide a more objective risk assessment and potential mitigation strategies.
• Communication: How will you communicate the decision, whatever it may be, both internally to your team and upper management and externally to your customers and potential users?

The History Mystery

Dr. Amelia should take the following steps:

• Verify the Letters: Before making any claims, she should check if the letters are actual and not fake. She can do this by seeing when and where they were written and if they match with other things from that time.
• Get a Second Opinion: It's always good to have someone else look at what you've found. Dr. Amelia could show the letters to other history experts and see their thoughts.
• Research More: Maybe there are more documents or letters out there that support this new story. Dr. Amelia should keep looking to see if she can find more evidence.
• Share the Findings: If Dr. Amelia believes the letters are true after all her checks, she should tell others. This can be through books, talks, or articles.
• Stay Open to Feedback: Some people might agree with Dr. Amelia, and others might not. She should listen to everyone and be ready to learn more or change her mind if new information arises.

Ultimately, Dr. Amelia's job is to find out the truth about history and share it. It's okay if this new truth differs from what people used to believe. History is about learning from the past, no matter the story.

Related posts:

• Experimenter Bias (Definition + Examples)
• Hasty Generalization Fallacy (31 Examples + Similar Names)
• Ad Hoc Fallacy (29 Examples + Other Names)
• Confirmation Bias (Examples + Definition)
• Equivocation Fallacy (26 Examples + Description)

Reference this article:

About The Author

Free Personality Test

Free Memory Test

Free IQ Test

PracticalPie.com is a participant in the Amazon Associates Program. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases.

Follow Us On:

Youtube Facebook Instagram X/Twitter

Psychology Resources

Developmental

Personality

Relationships

Psychologists

Serial Killers

Psychology Tests

Personality Quiz

Memory Test

Depression test

Type A/B Personality Test

© PracticalPsychology. All rights reserved

Privacy Policy | Terms of Use

15 Critical Thinking Interview Questions To Ask Candidates

Identifying critical thinking skills is crucial during the recruitment process in any organization, regardless of its size. These skills are vital for tackling problems, driving innovation, and developing long-term strategies to meet organizational goals.

Candidates often face scenarios where they don’t have all the information needed to solve a problem, and solutions are rarely black and white . That’s why employers must prepare a curated list of critical thinking interview questions to better understand how the employees would handle complex situations and apply critical thinking abilities in the workplace.

The critical thinking interview questions would help you understand the candidate’s approach to solving a problem and how they would handle diverse work scenarios efficiently. 

Especially, when you pair this set of interview questions with Calibr.AI ’s soft skills assessment, you will be able to easily distinguish between the candidates and proactive thinkers who adopt a more passive problem-solving approach.

But first things first–

What Is Critical Thinking?

Critical thinking is the ability to analyze information objectively and make reasoned judgments. It involves evaluating evidence, considering different perspectives, and systematically solving problems. 

Rather than accepting information at face value, critical thinkers question assumptions, recognize biases , and use logical reasoning to reach well-supported conclusions . This skill is essential for effective decision-making and problem-solving in both personal and professional contexts.

Why Is It Important To Ask Critical Thinking Questions In The Interview?

Nowadays, the traditional methods of hiring to analyze whether the candidate is suitable for the role aren’t enough. The sudden rush in the hiring process leaves employees facing job abandonment. Due to this, employers end up going through the same hiring process again. 

Since most positions require candidates to think on their feet and quickly adapt to the situation, it can be difficult to assess the candidates, especially considering their previous job experiences, which may or may not be in favor of the position. 

This is why we have prepared a list of 15 critical thinking interview questions you must ask your candidates to find out the best-suited candidate for the role.

Top 15 Critical Thinking Interview Questions (With Answers)

1. Can you share an experience when a project didn’t go as expected? What steps could be taken to prevent similar issues in the future?

"In one project, our timeline was significantly delayed due to unexpected vendor issues. To avoid this in the future, I would implement more rigorous vendor vetting processes and establish contingency plans. Additionally, regular check-ins and risk assessments could help identify potential problems early and keep the project on track."

2. Can you describe a situation where you had to make a critical decision on short notice?

Yes, there was a time when a key team member unexpectedly left mid-project, and I had to quickly decide how to reassign their tasks to keep the project on schedule. I assessed the team’s strengths and redistributed the workload accordingly while communicating the changes clearly. This approach allowed us to meet our deadlines and maintain project momentum.

3. Can you provide an example of a time when you needed to persuade your manager that your solution to a problem was the best approach? How did you go about making your case?

Yes, I once proposed a new strategy for streamlining our workflow. I presented a detailed analysis showing potential efficiency gains and supported it with data from similar successful implementations. By clearly demonstrating the benefits and addressing potential concerns, I was able to gain my manager’s support.

4. Can you share an instance when you anticipated a problem before it arose? How did you address it to prevent the issue from occurring?

Yes, I noticed a potential bottleneck in our project timeline due to overlapping tasks. I proactively adjusted the schedule and communicated the changes to the team. This preemptive action helped us avoid delays and kept the project on track.

5. How would you handle a situation where a customer presents an issue while you’re in the middle of a crucial discussion with your manager?

I would politely acknowledge the customer's concern and assure them I’ll address it shortly. Then, I’d quickly wrap up my discussion with my manager and prioritize the customer’s issue to ensure it’s resolved promptly.

6. How would you describe the color green to someone who is blind?

I would describe green as a color that feels refreshing and calming, like the sensation of cool, soft grass underfoot or the smell of a fresh, leafy plant. It's often associated with growth and renewal, bringing a sense of tranquility and balance.

7. What’s your approach to assembling a 1,000-piece jigsaw puzzle?

I would start by sorting the pieces into groups based on color and edge pieces. Next, I’d build the border first to create a framework and then work on smaller sections of the puzzle, using the reference image to guide me. Regularly checking and adjusting pieces ensures a smoother assembly process.

8. If a co-worker proposes a solution during a meeting that you believe won’t work, how would you handle it?

I would respectfully express my concerns by offering a constructive critique and suggesting alternative solutions. I’d ensure my feedback is presented thoughtfully to foster a collaborative discussion, helping the team find the most effective approach.

9. Can you recall a time when someone proposed an idea you hadn’t thought of before? How did you respond?

Yes, there was a time when a team member suggested a new approach to a project that I hadn’t considered. I was open to their idea, took the time to understand their perspective, and ultimately integrated their suggestion, which led to an improved outcome.

10. What is your approach to tackling a problem?

I start by thoroughly understanding the problem and gathering relevant information. Then, I identify potential solutions and evaluate their pros and cons. Finally, I implement the most effective solution and monitor its impact to ensure the problem is resolved.

11. Can you provide an example of a time when you identified a problem at work and developed a solution?

I noticed that our team's project tracking was inefficient due to outdated tools. I proposed and implemented a new project management software that streamlined our workflow and improved communication. This change led to a noticeable increase in productivity and project accuracy.

12. Can you describe a time when you had to adjust your work style to align with a manager’s preferences? What changes did you make?

Yes, I had to adapt to a manager who preferred more frequent progress updates. I shifted to providing detailed weekly reports and scheduled regular check-ins to keep them informed. This adjustment improved our communication and helped ensure alignment with project goals.

13. How would you handle a situation where your manager made an error on a crucial document?

I would approach the situation tactfully by privately pointing out the mistake and suggesting a correction. I’d provide any necessary information or support to fix the error, ensuring it’s resolved discreetly and professionally.

14. Do you think it's more effective to raise prices for higher profit or lower prices to enhance customer satisfaction?

It depends on the context. Raising prices can boost profit if the value justifies it while lowering prices can attract more customers and increase volume. Ideally, finding a balance that maximizes profit while maintaining customer satisfaction is the best approach.

15. If you arrived at work to find 1,000 emails waiting and only had time to respond to 200, how would you prioritize which emails to address?

I’d prioritize emails based on urgency and importance, focusing on those from key stakeholders, critical issues, or deadlines. I’d also check for any flagged or high-priority messages and address those first to ensure I’m tackling the most pressing matters.

In Conclusion

These are some of the most strategic critical thinking interview questions you can ask your candidates to assess their critical and analytical thinking skills required for the job role. So next time, use this list to efficiently evaluate your candidates and choose the right person for the company.

To further enhance your recruitment process, consider investing in Calibr.AI . Our product provides advanced soft skills assessments that complement your interview questions, helping you identify proactive thinkers and differentiate between candidates more effectively. By integrating Calibr.AI into your hiring strategy, you'll be better equipped to find candidates who excel in critical thinking and contribute meaningfully to your organization’s success.

AI powered Course Authoring

Unlock the future of e-learning with Calibr

As an enthusiastic English literature graduate, Chandni enjoys writing as much as a toddler enjoys animation. She discovered her passion for writing and expressing thoughts through this form amidst the nail-biting months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ever since then, she has volunteered in various anthology books that have been published on Amazon. Her experience working on a diverse range of verticals has enabled her to excel in this domain and face new challenges as they come. With a contagious thrill and excitement at the workplace, Chandni embraces wearing different hats and soaks up information like a sponge.

Pardon Our Interruption

As you were browsing something about your browser made us think you were a bot. There are a few reasons this might happen:

• You've disabled JavaScript in your web browser.
• You're a power user moving through this website with super-human speed.
• You've disabled cookies in your web browser.
• A third-party browser plugin, such as Ghostery or NoScript, is preventing JavaScript from running. Additional information is available in this support article .

To regain access, please make sure that cookies and JavaScript are enabled before reloading the page.

MMCTAgent: Multi-modal Critical Thinking Agent Framework for Complex Visual Reasoning

• Somnath Kumar ,
• Yash Gadhia ,
• Tanuja Ganu ,
• Akshay Nambi

Recent advancements in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly improved their performance in tasks combining vision and language. However, challenges persist in detailed multi-modal understanding, comprehension of complex tasks, and reasoning over multi-modal information. This paper introduces MMCTAgent, a novel multi-modal critical thinking agent framework designed to address the inherent limitations of current MLLMs in complex visual reasoning tasks. Inspired by human cognitive processes and critical thinking, MMCTAgent iteratively analyzes multi-modal information, decomposes queries, plans strategies, and dynamically evolves its reasoning. Additionally, MMCTAgent incorporates critical thinking elements such as verification of final answers and self-reflection through a novel approach that defines a vision-based critic and identifies task-specific evaluation criteria, thereby enhancing its decision-making abilities. Through rigorous evaluations across various image and video understanding benchmarks, we demonstrate that MMCTAgent (with and without the critic) outperforms both foundational MLLMs and other tool-augmented pipelines.

• Follow on X
• Like on Facebook
• Follow on LinkedIn
• Subscribe on Youtube
• Follow on Instagram
• Subscribe to our RSS feed

Share this page:

• Share on Facebook
• Share on LinkedIn
• Share on Reddit

• Our Mission

There has been an error with the video.

AI Tool Demo: Creative Uses for ChatGPT in History and ELA

Assistant editor Daniel Leonard shares a few interesting applications of ChatGPT that teachers have adopted to drive critical thinking and deeper analysis.

OpenAI’s large language model chatbot, ChatGPT , took the world by storm when it was launched in November 2022—and, nearly two years later, teachers are still finding creative, new ways to use the tool in their classrooms. 

There continues to be much debate: While some educators are concerned that the chatbot stifles learning by automatically outputting responses with no thought required on the part of the user, others are more optimistic about the tool. In fact, we’ve heard from a number of teachers who are using ChatGPT for critical thinking activities that help their students hone their analytical skills—and reckon with the limitations of the tool itself—in a fun and engaging way.

History teachers , for example, are getting ChatGPT to role-play as historical figures, from Cleopatra to Einstein. Their students interact with these digital imitations of figures from history, asking them questions and learning more about their lives. Then, students are asked to cross-reference ChatGPT’s output (which is often error-prone) with reliable external sources, fact-checking the AI and better understanding its tendency to “hallucinate” answers.

There are a multitude of ways to use the tool in English language arts (ELA), too. While some English teachers are trying out chatbots (of fictional characters) or using ChatGPT in writing lessons , others are having the tool output text that can be compared with famous works of literature—like Shakespeare’s sonnets or Lincoln’s speeches—so that students can better analyze the unique tone and style of various writers (and see how ChatGPT’s own tone tends to be quite bland in comparison).

Edutopia’s assistant editor Daniel Leonard walks through these teacher-tested ChatGPT use cases—showcasing some prompts to try out, the kinds of responses educators can expect to receive, and how to use them to drive critical thinking in the classroom.

To read about other creative ways teachers are leveraging AI tools in the classroom—from image generators to language apps—check out Leonard’s feature for Edutopia, “ 9 Tips for Using AI for Learning (and Fun!) .”