, cbse class 11 biology chapter wise important questions - free pdf download.
CBSE Important Questions for Class 11 Biology are available in Printable format for Free Download.Here you may find NCERT Important Questions and Extra Questions for Class 11 Biology chapter wise with answers also. These questions will act as chapter wise test papers for Class 11 Biology. These Important Questions for Class 11 Biology are as per latest NCERT and CBSE Pattern syllabus and assure great success in achieving high score in Board Examinations
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There are almost 300,000 known species of flowering plants on the Earth, and in Class 11 Chapter 5, we are concerned about the morphology of the same. Being one of the essential chapters of Biology, students are required to gather in-depth knowledge to score remarkably in their exams. Furthermore, students will get to revise concepts like a simple and compound leaf, pinnately compound leaf and palmate compound leaf by going through the Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Notes by Vedantu. Besides studying textbooks, you can refer to the Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 notes PDF prepared by subject experts.
Also, check CBSE Class 11 Biology revision notes for other chapters:
Morphology of flowering plants basic subjective questions - class 11 revision notes.
Section–A (1 Mark Questions)
1. In mangroves, pneumatophores are the modified adventitious roots. How are these roots helpful to the plant?
Ans. Pneumatophores in mangroves help the plant to get oxygen for respiration.
2. State the main function of leaf tendril.?
Ans. In some plants, the leaves get converted to tendrils which help the plant for climbing, e.g., pea.
3. Why are mustard flowers referred to as hypogynous.?
Ans. The flowers of mustard are called hypogynous because the ovary is situated at the top and the other three whorls are inserted below it.
4. Name two plants where seeds do not have endosperm?
Ans. The plants that do not have an endosperm are beans, gram and pea.
5. What is the name given to the cotyledon in the case of monocots?
Ans. The monocots consist of one large and shield-shaped cotyledon known as the scutellum.
Section–B (2 Mark Questions)
6. What type of aestivation in corolla is found in the pea flower? Explain.
Ans. In peas, a vexillary type of aestivation is present in the corolla. In this type, there are five petals. The largest one (standard) overlaps the two lateral petals (wings) which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior petals (keel). This type of aestivation is also called papilionaceous.
7. What is venation in leaves? What are the types of venation?
Ans . Vention- It is the arrangement of veins and the veinlets in the lamina of a leaf. There are mainly two types of venations:-
Parallel venation: In this, the veins run parallel to each other within a lamina, e.g., monocotyledons.
Reticulate venation: In this, the veinlets form a network, e.g., dicotyledons.
8. Provide the scientific terms for the following.
(i) Swollen leaf base in leguminous plants.
(ii) The flat and expanded portion of a leaf.
(iii) Orderly arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch.
(iv) Lateral appendages on either side of the lea
Ans. (i) Pulvinus
(ii) Lamina/ leaf blade
(iii) Phyllotaxy
(v) Stipules
9. What do you mean by inflorescence? Explain different types of it.
Ans. Inflorescence- It is the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis. It is divided into two types based on whether the apex gets converted into a flower or continues to grow.
(i) Racemose inflorescence- In this, the main axis continues to grow, the flowers are borne laterally in acropetal succession.
(ii) Cymose inflorescence- In this, the main axis terminates in a flower, hence is limited in growth. The flowers are borne in a basipetal order.
10. Distinguish between prop root and stilt roots.
Ans. Prop roots- these roots arise from horizontal aerial branches of a tree. They provide support to the plant, e.g., the banyan tree.
Stilt roots- these roots arise from lower nodes of the stem. These roots provide support to the stem, e.g., maize, sugarcane.
11. (a) What are the three parts of an ovary?
(b) Define apocarpous ovary and syncarpous ovary.
Ans . (a) The ovary is divided into three parts: stigma, style, and ovary.
(b) Apocarpous ovary- When more than one carpel is present, they may be free and called apocarpous, e.g., lotus and rose.
Syncarpous ovary- In such ovaries, carpels are fused, e.g., mustard and tomato.
Notes of Chapter 5 Biology Class 11 Free PDF Download
Yes, you read it right! You can download Chapter 5 Biology Class 11 Notes PDF free of cost. Besides, the important notes are prepared by experienced tutors that too following the latest CBSE rules and guidelines. This handy tool will not only help you in achieving desired scores but also improve your learning experience.
In the following section, you can get a glimpse of the topics provided in the Biology Notes for Class 11 Chapter 5 PDF.
Morphology involves the study of structure, size, colour, form, etc. of various components of an organism. Like you have read it in your previous classes, parts of a plant can be classified into two sections – the root and shoot system.
Roots: First, the topics of the root systems are covered. The classifications like taproots, fibrous roots and adventitious roots are elaborated. Next, the different root regions are discussed in Chapter 5 Class 11 Biology Notes:
Place where the meristematic activity takes place.
Elongation region.
Maturation region.
Root hairs.
Furthermore, the roots of a few plants change their structure and shape to offer other functions. Some examples are storage, respiratory, prop, adventitious, stilt, climbing, foliar and haustorial roots.
Stem: In this section of Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 5, you will get to know about the different parts of the shoot system starting with the stem, nodes, internodes, etc. Further, the various modifications of stem-like sub-aerial modification (runner, stolon, sucker and offset), underground modification (tuber, rhizome, corm and bulb), and aerial modification (phylloclade and thorns) are discussed.
Leaf: Biology Class 11 Chapter 5 Notes PDF covers all the details related to leaves as per the CBSE curriculum. Starting from the diagram, leaf parts (leaf base, petiole and lamina), leaf types, lifespan of a leaf to lamina venations, students can stay assured to find every essential detail. Plus, the modification of leaves is also discussed explicitly.
Inflorescence: This section of Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Notes cover the definition of inflorescence along with its types like racemose and cymose. These two classifications are further segregated into various types mentioned below:
Racemose – Raceme, spike, catkin, spadix, corymb, capitulum and umbel.
Cymose – Uniparous cyme (helicoid cyme and scorpioid cyme), dichasial or biparous cyme and multiparous cyme.
In the last portion of the leaf segment of class 11 Bio Ch 5 notes, special kinds of inflorescence like cyathium, hypanthodium and verticillaster are provided.
Flower: Ch 5 Bio Class 11 Notes PDF’s flower section introduces you to the various significant details about the flower and its comprising parts – stamen, petal, sepal and carpel, flower symmetry, floral leaf insertion, bract types, etc. Plus, you will also get to study about the different parts of a flower-like corolla and calyx and its various forms. Moreover, information about the types of aestivation in corolla is explored like valvate, twisted, imbricate and vexillary.
Detailed explanations on stamen cohesions (monadelphous, diadelphous, synandrous, syngenesious and polyadelphous), stamen adhesions, their length, ovule cohesion, placentation, etc., have also been provided.
Fruit and Seed: Like the previous parts of a plant, the fruit and seed section also covers all details associated with the same. Like for instance, you will get accustomed to what is meant by epicarp, endocarp, mesocarp, true and false fruit, fruit classifications, etc. On the other hand, the seed section covers the structure of a dicot and monocot seed.
Besides, some other topics like the semi-technical description of a flowering plant, vegetative character, floral characters, and essential flowering plant families and their economic importance, etc. are also elaborated.
This Biology Chapter 5 class 11 Notes offered by Vedantu can be used as a last-minute preparation aid for exams. You can easily download the same and study it anywhere at any point in time both online and offline.
The revision notes for Class 11 Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants provided by Vedantu are an excellent resource for students to revise the important concepts covered in the chapter. The notes cover all the important topics in the chapter, including the different parts of a flowering plant, their functions, and adaptations. The revision notes are presented in a concise and easy-to-understand manner, making it easier for students to retain the information. They also include diagrams and illustrations to help students visualize the different structures and processes. Vedantu provides additional study materials, such as sample papers and solutions to previous year question papers, to help students prepare for their exams. By using these resources, students can revise the important concepts covered in the chapter and perform well in their exams.
1. What are the Characteristics of Angiosperms?
Angiosperms comprise of all flower-bearing plants on the Earth and hence are also termed as flowering plants. They can adapt to the various surrounding environment and grow up to become bushes, shrubs, herbs and other small-sized plants. Some essential features of angiosperms include: (a) angiosperms contain stamen and tiny pollen grains (b) they feature small female reproductive parts (c) they produce endosperm (d) they flower at least once in their lifespan.
2. What are the Dissimilarities Between Flowering and Non-Flowering Plants?
The fundamental difference between a flowering and non-flowering plant is the way they reproduce. Pollination is the method of reproduction for flowering plants, and non-flowering plants make use of dispersion. Another dissimilarity is that flowering plants are further segregated into angiosperms and gymnosperms, while non-flowering ones are classified into Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Thallophyta. Furthermore, flowering and non-flowering plants also differ in the way they attract animals. Although both the types are prone to all kinds of pests, small mammals, etc., you will notice that butterflies, birds and bees are also attracted to flower-bearing plants. They do not harm the plant, rather harvest pollen and nectar.
3. What are the Parts of a Flower?
There are four basic parts of a flower, namely – calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. Firstly, the calyx is the sepals comprising the outermost part of a flower, supporting the entire structure. Secondly, corolla denotes the brightly coloured petals attracting birds, butterflies, etc., facilitating pollination. Thirdly, androecium is the male reproductive part consisting a stalk, filament and anther. Lastly, the gynoecium is the female reproductive part containing stigma, ovary and style.
4. Why Vedantu’s Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Notes are Essential?
Vedantu curates thorough revision notes that will assist students during their both terminal and final examinations. Plus, Class 11 Chapter 5 Biology Notes feature crucial topics that are immensely important for students. Besides, the notes are prepared in simple and straightforward language and written by subject experts having years-long expertise in the field.
5. What is morphology in flowering plants?
Morphology in flowering plants refers to the study of the different parts of a flowering plant. It is a must for the students of Class 11 to study the different parts of a flowering plant because it shows a wide variation in the shape, size, and structure of its flowers, leaves, and other parts. Students will also study different terms related to the morphology of flowering plants. Morphology of flowering plants also includes the structure of seeds in detail and different types of seeds.
6. Is the morphology of flowering plants important for NEET?
The morphology of flowering plants is discussed in Class 11 Biology Chapter 5. It is an important Chapter for the students preparing for NEET. Many short and multiple-choice questions are asked from the chapter in the NEET. Students of Class 11 should thoroughly study and understand the concepts given in Chapter 5 of Class 11 Biology. They can refer to the Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Revision Notes for understanding the details and major concepts are given in the chapter.
7. What is inflorescence Class 11 Biology Chapter 5?
Inflorescence Class 11 Biology refers to the arrangement of flowers in a flowering plant. There are two types of inflorescence seen in flowering plants.
Racemose: In this type of arrangement, the new flowers grow near the apex and older flowers remain at the base.
Cymose: In this type of arrangement, new flowers grow at the base and old flowers remain at the apex.
Students of Class 11 can understand inflorescence from the Biology notes available at the Vedantu website and on the Vedantu app for free. They can visit the page CBSE Class 11 Biology Revision Notes Chapter 5 to download the Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 notes at free of cost.
8. How do you memorize the morphology of flowering plants?
Students of Class 11 have to understand and learn the concepts of the morphology of flowering plants to memorize. Students can study from the Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Revision Notes. The notes are given in easy to understand language for the students of Class 11. They can read the CBSE Class 11 Biology notes Chapter 5 to memorize the main concepts. All concepts are given in detail so that students can memorize the main terms easily.
9. What are the different regions of a root Class 11 Biology?
Roots have different parts. The main parts of roots include root cap, region of meristematic activity, region of elongation, region of maturation, and modifications of the root. The root cap covers the apex and protects it. In the region of meristematic activity, cells divide. The cells in the region of elongation enlarge and help in the growth of roots. The region of maturation is the part where matured cells are found. Modifications of roots can occur to support the plants.
CBSE Expert
We have provided here Case Study questions for Class 11 Biology for final board exams. You can read these chapter-wise Case Study questions. These questions are prepared by subject experts and experienced teachers. The answer key is also provided so that you can check the correct answer for each question. Practice these questions to score well in your exams.
CBSE 11th Standard CBSE Biology question papers, important notes, study materials, Previous Year Questions, Syllabus, and exam patterns. Free 11th Standard CBSE Biology books and syllabus online. Important keywords, Case Study Questions, and Solutions.
CBSE Class 11 Biology question paper will have case study questions too. These case-based questions will be objective type in nature. So, Class 11 Biology students must prepare themselves for such questions. First of all, you should study NCERT Textbooks line by line, and then you should practice as many questions as possible.
Class 11 MCQ Questions
Class 11 students should go through important Case Study problems for Biology before the exams. This will help them to understand the type of Case Study questions that can be asked in Grade 11 Biology examinations. Our expert faculty for standard 11 Biology have designed these questions based on the trend of questions that have been asked in last year’s exams. The solutions have been designed in a manner to help the grade 11 students understand the concepts and also easy to learn solutions.
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Home » CBSE » Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Questions & Answers
Biology is an interesting subject. It involves the study of different forms of life, their classification, origin, and features and helps develop better awareness and understanding of life around us. It also prepares us for taking up a career in life sciences in our later life.
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Chapter 5 of CBSE Class 11 Biology is about the morphology of flowering plants. Some of the key things that we will learn in this chapter include the root, the stem, the leaf, the inflorescence, the flower, the fruit, and the seed. We will also study the semi-technical description of a typical flowering plant as well as the description of some important flowering plant families. The chapter is exciting and very informative. Students must read and practise questions thoroughly from this chapter to score full marks in exams.
Extramarks is one of the leading educational platforms in India that provides numerous study materials related to the CBSE curriculum and NCERT books. Our experts have prepared chapter-wise important questions to help students in their exam preparations. The Important Questions Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 contains the key questions from this chapter. Students must follow these questions and answers to improve their knowledge and in-depth understanding of the subject.
Students can visit the website of Extramarks and access more study materials to step up their preparation according to their requirements. You’ll find CBSE syllabus , CBSE past years’ question papers, NCERT textbooks, NCERT solutions, vital formulas, CBSE sample papers, chapter-wise important questions, Exemplar, and much more study material after registering on our website.
Class 11 Biology Chapter-wise important questions are available for free to students, and these questions are perfect for self-study.
Check out CBSE Class 11 Biology Important Questions for other chapters as well:
Our subject matter experts believe that students should practise questions to write concise and better answers quickly without getting stressed. For this purpose, they have prepared Chapter 5 and Class 11 Biology Important Questions. They have collated these questions from NCERT textbooks, CBSE sample papers , Exemplar guides, and from the reference books. Apart from that, they have written the answers following the CBSE guidelines and exam pattern. The Important Questions from Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 include all the possible questions from this chapter.
Below are some of the questions and their answers from our question bank. Students can register on the Extramarks website to get full access to our Important Questions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 5.
Root systems help in maintaining the proper balance of water. The major functions of the root system are described as follows:
(a) Water absorption and minerals from the soil via diffusion.
(b) To provide proper anchorage to the plant parts.
(c) To store reserve food material
(d) Synthesise and generate the plant growth regulators.
(a) In most dicotyledonous plants, direct elongation of the radicle occurs, leading to the formation of primary roots. This primary root grows inside the soil. Further, The primary roots and their branches constitute the taproot system, for example-mustard plants.
(b) In most monocotyledonous plants, the primary root is short-lived and is mostly replaced by many roots. Further, the primary roots originate from the base of the stem and constitute the fibrous root system
For example, wheat plants.
(c) In other plants, the roots arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle. Such a type of root is called adventitious root—for example, grass, banyan trees etc.
The stem is also called the ascending part of the axis as it bears branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits. It originates from the plumule of the embryo, which belongs to a germinating seed. The stem bears internodes and nodes. Nodes are the region of the stem where leaves are born, while on the other hand the internode is the portion between two nodes. The stem is generally green when it’s young and later matures to woody and dark brown.
Answer 4 –
The main functions of the stem are as follows –
(a) Spreading out the branches that bear leaves, flowers, and fruits.
(b) They help to conduct water and mineral transportation. They also help in photosynthesis.
(c) The majority of the stems perform the function of food storage and support. They also provide protection and help in vegetative propagation.
The leaf consists of three main parts: leaf base, petiole, and lamina.
(a) Leaf base: The leaf base is the part where the leaf is attached to the stem.
(b) Petiole: The petiole gives structural support to the blade.
(c) Lamina: Lamina is the green expanded part of the leaf with veins and veinlets.
Answer 6 –
The major functions of the petiole are
(a) The petiole helps to hold the blade.
(b) It allows the leaf blades to flutter in the wind, thereby decreasing its temperature and cooling the leaf, which occurs when fresh air is attached to the leaf’s surface.
The functions of the lamina are-
(a) The veins of the lamina help to provide rigidity to the leaf blade.
(b) It acts as a channel that helps to transport water, minerals, and food materials through the plant.
Venation is the term that describes the arrangement of veins and the veinlets in the lamina of the leaf. The veinlets form a network called reticulate venation, and parallel venation is described when the veins run parallel to each other within a lamina. Dicotyledonous plants mostly possess reticulate venation, while monocotyledonous plants usually possess parallel venation in the lamina of the leaf.
Answer 8 –
The two major types of compound leaves are described:
(a) Pinnately compound leaf: Pinnately compound leaves are present in plants with several leaflets on a common axis called the rachis, which represents the leaf’s midrib as in common plant neem.
(b) Palmately compound leaves: Palmately compound leaves are present in plants where the leaflets are attached at a common point, which is usually present at the tip of the petiole, as in a common plant, silk cotton.
Answer 9 –
Phyllotaxy is described as the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch of a plant.
It is the majority of three main types:
(a) Alternate: Alternate phyllotaxy is when a single leaf arises at each node alternately, the most common example being China rose.
(b) Opposite: Opposite phyllotaxy is when a pair of leaves arise at each node and lie opposite each other. The most common example is Calotropis and guava plants.
(c) Whorled: Whorled phyllotaxy is when more than two leaves arise at a node and form a whorl. The most common example is Alstonia.
Answer 10 –
(a) Help in the process of photosynthesis.
(b) Conversion of leaves into tendrils for climbing as seen in peas.
(c) Conversion of leaves into spines for defence as seen in cacti
(d)Storing of food as seen in onion and garlic.
Answer 11 –
The inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis of the plant.
The two major types of inflorescences are –
(a) Racemose: In racemose inflorescence, the main axis grows, and the flowers grow laterally in acropetal succession.
(b) Cymose: In the cymose inflorescence, the main axis terminates in the flower, and the flowers grow in a basipetal order.
Answer 12 –
The flower is classified as the reproductive unit in the angiosperms. It is the primary means for the process of sexual reproduction. A typical flower has four major kinds of whorls arranged successively on the swollen end of the stalk, also known as the pedicel. The four kinds of whorls are calyx, corolla, androecium, and Gynoecium. The androecium and Gynoecium are male and female reproductive organs, while the calyx and corolla are classified as accessory organs.
The flower is classified as actinomorphic, which comes in radial symmetry or zygomorphic, which comes in bilateral symmetry.
(a) Actinomorphic Symmetry: A flower is said to be actinomorphic when divided into two equal radical halves in any radical plane that passes through the centre. Its most common examples are mustard, datura and chilli.
(b) Zygomorphic Symmetry: A flower is said to be zygomorphic when the flower divides into two halves only in one vertical plane, like peas, beans, and cassia.
Answer 14 –
Fruit is classified as a natural or ripened Ovary which develops after fertilisation.
Fruit is also called parthenocarpic fruit because it is formed without the fertilisation of the Ovary.
The fruit consists of a wall, also known as a pericarp and different types of seeds. The pericarp is classified as dry or fleshy. Based on the thickness of the pericarp, it is differentiated into three parts. The outer part is called an epicarp, the middle part is called a mesocarp, and the inner part is known as an endocarp.
Answer 15 –
The seed coat is the outermost covering of a seed that helps in protection. The seed coat has two main layers, the outer layer called testa and the inner layer known as tegmen. The developing seeds are attached to the fruit utilising a scar known as the hilum, which is present on the seed coat. The inner region of the seed coat consists of the embryo, which contains an embryonal axis and two cotyledons. These cotyledons are fleshy and filled with reserved food materials. The radicle and the plumule are at the end of the embryonal axis. A small pore called the micropyle is situated above the hilum.
Answer 16 –
At the apex of the root, it is covered by a thumb-like structure called a root cap. The main function of the root cap is the protection of the tender apex of the root that penetrates the soil. The region of meristematic is situated a few millimetres above the root cap. The cells in the meristematic region are small, thin-walled and contain dense protoplasm.
The cells adjacent to this region undergo rapid elongation and enlargement, which are also responsible for the growth of the root. This region responsible for growth is called the region of elongation. The cells in this region gradually differentiate and mature. So, the zone adjacent to the elongation region is called the region of maturation, and root hairs are adjacent to the region of maturation. Root hair consists of epidermal cells that are very fine, delicate, and thread-like structures. The main functions of these root hairs are the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
Answer 17-
A leaf is classified as simple when the lamina of the leaf is incised or entire, and the incisions do not touch the midrib. On the other hand, a leaf is said to be compound when the incisions of the lamina reach up to the midrib and break it into several leaflets. In both simple and compound leaves, a bud is present in the axil of the petiole. However, a bud is not present in the axil of leaflets of the compound leaf.
There are majorly two types of compound leaves; these leaves are classified are:
(a) Pinnately compound leaf
(b) Palmately compound leaf
In a pinnately compound leaf, the number of leaflets is present on a common axis called the rachis, which represents the midrib of the pinnately compound leaf. On the other hand, in palmately compound leaves, the leaflets are attached at a common point, that is, the tip of the petiole.
(a) Alternate: Alternate phyllotaxy is when a single leaf arises at each node in an alternate manner, the most common example being the China rose.
(b) Opposite: Opposite phyllotaxy is when a pair of leaves arise at each node and lie opposite each other. The most common examples are Calotropis and guava plants.
Answer 18-
A flower is classified as the reproductive unit in the angiosperms. It is the primary means for the process of sexual reproduction. A typical flower has four major kinds of whorls arranged successively on the swollen end of the stalk, also known as the pedicel. The four kinds of whorls are calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. The androecium and gynoecium are male and female reproductive organs, while the calyx and corolla are classified as accessory organs.
The four different whorls are classified as calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.
(a) Calyx: Calyx is the outermost whorl of the flower containing sepals. Majorly the sepals are green in colour and have a leaf-like structure that protects the flower in the bud stage. The calyx may be gamosepalous, where the sepals are united. Or it can be polysepalous, where the sepals are free.
(b) Corolla: Corolla is composed of petals that are usually coloured, which attract insects for the process of pollination. The shape of the corolla depends on the structure. It can be tubular, bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, or wheel-shaped.
(c) Aestivation: Aestivation is defined as the arrangement pattern of sepals or petals in the floral bud. The pattern of arrangement depends on the other members of the same whorl. The four main types of aestivations are valvate, vexillary, twisted, and imbricate
(d) Androecium: Androecium is composed of stamens, commonly known as a flower’s male reproductive organ. Each stamen consists of a slender stalk, also called a filament and anther. Each anther is usually bilobed (two lobes). And two chambers (pollen sacs) are present in each lobe. Pollen sacs help in the production of pollen grains. The position of floral parts on the thalamus are Hypogynous, Perigynous and Epigynous
(e) Gynoecium: Gynoecium is the female reproductive part of the flower, which contains the Ovary. It is made up of one or more carpels. A carpel is classified as Ovary, stigma, and style. The stigma is present at the tip of the style, and pollen grains land there. The Ovary is an enlarged structure present in the basal part. The third part, style, connects Ovary to the stigma. Through style, the pollen grain travels. Each Ovary bears an ovule attached to a flattened, cushion-like structure known as the placenta.
A flower may be trimerous, tetramerous or pentamerous, depending on the arrangement of floral appendages.
The flowers are described as hypogynous, perigynous and epigynous on the calyx, corolla, and androecium position.
Answer: Option (d) is the right answer.
Explanation – After fertilisation, the endosperm gets used by the embryo for seed development.
Answer 20 –
In the plant Australian Acacia, the petiole copies the shape of the leaf and turns green to perform the process of photosynthesis.
In Asparagus, the stem, i.e., about one Internode long, modifies into a leaf-like structure to carry out photosynthesis.
Answer 21 –
Answer 22 –
A sunflower is not classified as a flower because it is a type of inflorescence called a capitulum. In the capitulum, the receptacle is flat, and the whole cluster of florets gets surrounded by bracts. Which are known as an involucre. There are two kinds of florets that are recognised in sunflowers,
(i) Ray Florets – The Ray Florets are arranged on the rim of the receptacle, which has distinct yellow and strap-shaped petals. These florets are female and sterile. Also, they are always zygomorphic and may be arranged in one or more whorls.
(ii) Disc florets – The Disc Florets are grouped in the centre, bisexual and actinomorphic.
(a) aestivation
(b) placentation
(c) actinomorphic
(d) zygomorphic
(e) superior Ovary
(f) perigynous flower
(g) epipetalous stamen
Twisted – The twisted Type of Aestivation occurs when one margin of the appendage overlaps the adjacent one, it can either be clockwise or anti-clockwise. Like in cotton
Valvate – The valvate Type of Aestivation occurs in a whorl when the petals or sepals touch each other at the margin and do not overlap. Like in Calotropis
Imbricate – Imbricate Aestivation occurs when petals or sepals overlap but not in any definite direction. It is mostly found in Gulmohar.
Vexillary Aestivation occurs when the largest petal overlaps the two lateral petals, which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior peels. As seen in the bean flower.
Marginal Placentation – In this type, the placenta forms a ridge along the ventral suture of the Ovary, so the ovules are borne on the ridge to form two rows. Example – Pea
Axile Placentation – Placenta is axial, and ovules are attached to it in a multilocular ovary. Example – lemon
Parietal Placentation – In this Type, the ovules develop on the inner wall of the Ovary or the peripheral wall. It is mostly single-chambered, but due to the formation of a false septum, it becomes two-chambered. Example- Mustard
Basal Placentation – The placenta develops at the base of the Ovary, wherein a single ovule is attached to it. Example – Marigold.
Free central Placentation – In this Type, the ovules are borne on the central axis, and the septa are absent. One common example is primrose.
f)A perigynous flower is one in which the gynoecium is situated in the centre, and other parts of the flower are located on the rim of the thalamus. The Ovary is half inferior. Example – Rose
Answer 24 – Flowers may be explained into three kinds based on the position of the calyx, corolla & androecium in respect of ovaries on the thalamus.
(a). HYPOGYNOUS FLOWERS:- Gynoecium located at highest position & rest whorls of flower lies below it. e.g., mustard, China rose.
(b). PERIGYNOUS FLOWERS: – The Gynoecium is situated in the centre. Other parts of the flower lie on the rim of the thalamus, almost at the same level. The Ovary is half inferior, e.g., plum rose.
(C)EPIGYNOUS FLOWERS: – The margins of the thalamus grow upwards, enclosing the Ovary fully & getting to it. The rest of the flower rises above the Ovary. i.e., Ovaries are inferior to these flowers. E.g., guava, sunflower, cucumber.
The normal functions of leaves are photosynthesis, respiration & transpiration. Besides these functions, the leaves must perform other functions. Hence, they modify themselves in different ways:
(i)TENDRIL: – In some plants, the entire leaf or part is modified to a coiled thread-like structure called tendrils. Tendrils Help Plants to climb up, e.g., peas and clematis.
(ii)SPINES: – In many plants, the leaves or their apices are modified into thin sharp & pointed structures known as spines. They help in defence. Opuntia, yucca. etc.
(iii)SCALE LEAVES: – In onions, mostly all the leaves are in the form of fleshy scale leaves.
(iv)PITCHER:- It is the modification of a leaf in an insectivorous plant in which the lamina takes the form of the pitcher, the apex the form of a lid to trap the insects. There are several digestive glands in the inner walls of the pitcher—these Gland Secrete Fluid Which Digests insects, e.g., Nepenthes.
(v)PHYLLODE: -The petiole becomes green, flattened leaf-like is called phyllode, e.g. Australian Acacia.
Answer 26: The main function of sub-aerial modification of stems is vegetative propagation. They are of the following types:
(i)Runners: – They contain stems that are long & thin with branches which creep along the ground & develop roots at the nodes. The mother plant produces many branches that are spread out in all directions. They can break off and get classified as independent plants. The most common plant is oxalis, doob grass.
(ii)STOLON: – This is also a thin lateral branch arising from the stem’s base. It grew upward and bent down again, developing roots at the tip & producing a bud. The bud grows into a new plant, e.g., mint and strawberry.
(iii)OFFSET: – This is a thickened horizontal branch arising in the axil of a lower leaf. It is a short branch which produces a cluster of leaves above & tufts of roots below. The offset can break off from the mother plant & start living an independent life: E.g. Water lettuce, water hyacinth.
(iv)SUCKER: – The sucker is a lateral branch that develops from the stem’s underground part. It grows upward in an oblique manner & directly gives rise to new plants.
Answer 27-
MODIFICATIONS OF ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS:
(i)Tuberous Adventitious root: – It is a swollen root which does not have a definite shape. The most common example is sweet potato.
(ii)Fasciculated Adventitious root: – When several tuberous roots arise from the same place in a cluster, they are termed fasciculated roots. The most common example is the dahlia, Asparagus.
(iii)Beaded Adventitious root: – These roots frequently contain swollen parts, like in portulaca and Vitis.
(iv)Prop roots: – Prop roots are pillars-like roots hanging vertically downward from the aerial branch of the plant. The most common example is the Banyan tree.
(v)Stilt roots: – Stilt roots are short and grow obliquely from near the base of the main stem. They provide anchorage & support to the stem. The most common examples are sugarcane, maise, and sorghum.
(vi) Parasitic Roots: – These roots penetrate the host cells & absorb nutrients from the host tree, e.g. Cuscuta.
(vii)ASSIMILATORY ROOTS: – Adventitious roots in certain plants become green to carry out photosynthesis & are called assimilatory roots, e.g. Tinospora, trapa.
Answer 28 –
The plants that grow in marshlands or swamps generate vertical growth from their roots. These roots are hollow from within, and thus air enters through these roots. These roots are known as pneumatophores. These pneumatophores assist the plants in swamps and marshland areas in acquiring oxygen for root respiration.
The following options are –
(a) C, B, E, A, D
(b) A, B, C, D, E
(c) D, E, A, C, B
(d) E, D, C, B, A
Answer 29 – The correct answer is an option (a) C, B, E, A, D
Explanation: The root cap is present at the tip, followed by a zone of meristematic tissue. This is further followed by the zone of elongation and then by the root hair zone. The zone of maturation comes after all of them at the base.
Answer 30 –
Adventitious roots are used when the roots develop from different plant parts in angiosperms. Two examples of adventitious roots are: –
Prop Roots of Banyan: The roots of a banyan tree are an example of prop roots. These prop roots penetrate deeply into the soil and help the tree maintain balance and support itself.
Stilt Roots in Maise: The roots in maise plants exemplify stilt roots. These stilt roots enter the ground and are developed from the nodes just above the ground; they provide extra support and hoist the main plant.
Answer 31-
The most important function of roots is to provide anchorage and also help the plant absorb water and minerals. Since the availability of water is not an issue for aquatic plants, the roots are not properly developed in most aquatic plants. In these aquatic free-floating plants, the roots are very few and are in a structure of fine hairs. Roots play an important role in anchorage in the plants that are submerged.
Placentation is considered free central when the septa are absent, and the ovules are born on the central axis.
Placentation is regarded as axile when the placenta is axial, and the ovules are attached to the placenta in a multilocular ovary.
Answer 33 –
Answer 34 –
The various stem modifications that help with food storage, climbing, and protection are as follows: –
For food storage, underground stems of ginger, turmeric, potato, and colocasia are modified. These stems also function as organs of perennation that help gets over unfavourable growth conditions.
Developed from axillary buds, stem tendrils are spirally coiled and slender, which helps the plants to climb. Some examples include grapevines, pumpkins, cucumbers, watermelons etc.
It is possible for the axillary buds of the stems to be modified into straight, woody and pointed thorns. Some famous examples are Citrus and Bougainvillaea. Thorns help to protect plants from animals.
(a) Banyan tree
(c) Mangrove trees
Primarily, there are three types of root systems found in plants: the tap root system, adventitious root system and fibrous root system. In the majority of dicotyledonous plants, direct elongation of the radicle takes place, which leads to the formation of primary roots, and this primary root grows inside the soil. Further, the primary roots and their branches constitute the taproot system, for example-mustard plants.
In most monocotyledonous plants, the primary root is short-lived and is majority replaced by many roots. Further, the primary roots originate from the base of the stem and constitute the fibrous root system. For example, wheat plants. In other plants, the roots arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle. Such a type of root is called adventitious root—for example, grass, banyan tree etc.
Roots and their modifications in various plants:
The banyan tree, scientifically called Ficus benghalensis, has massive pillar-like adventitious roots arising from the aerial part of the stem towards the ground. They provide support to the tree, and such roots are called prop roots.
The roots of turnip, which is scientifically called Brassica rape, help in food storage. Similar types of these food-storing roots are found in radishes, carrots, and sweet potatoes.
(c) Mangrove tree
The plants that grow in marshlands or swamps, like a mangrove tree, have vertical growths generated from their roots. These vertical roots are hollow from within, and thus air enters through these roots. These roots are known as pneumatophores. These pneumatophores assist the plants in swamps and marshland areas in acquiring oxygen for root respiration.
(a) Cymose and Racemose Inflorescence
(b) Adventitious and Fibrous roots
(c) Syncarpous and Apocarpous Ovary
(a) In the racemose inflorescence, the younger flowers are present at the tip, while the older flowers are arranged at the base of the inflorescence. Such an arrangement is classified as acropetal succession. And the main axis in racemose inflorescence continues to grow and produce flowers laterally. While in a cymose inflorescence, the younger flowers are at the base of the inflorescence, and the older flowers are at the top. Such an arrangement is classified as basipetal succession. The main axis in cymose inflorescence has limited growth, which later terminates into a flower.
In other plants, the roots arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle. Such Types of roots are called adventitious roots—for example, grass, banyan tree etc.
(c) In the Apocarpous Ovary, the flowers have more than one carpel, and these carpels are free-living. It is commonly observed in lotus and rose flowers.
While on the other hand, the flowers with syncarpous Ovaries also contain more than one carpel, but these carpels are fused, as seen in tomato and mustard.
Answer 37 – .
The stem is also called the ascending part of the axis, as it bears branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits. It originates from the plumule of the embryo, which belongs to a germinating seed. The stem bears internodes and nodes. Nodes are the region of the stem where leaves are born, while on the other hand the Internode is the portion between two nodes. The stem is generally green when it’s young and later matures to woody and dark brown. The stems are generally modified into four main parts: Underground stems or storage stems, supportive stems, and protective and photosynthetic stems.
The main functions of the stem are stated as follows –
Answer 38 – .
(1) Family Fabaceae/Papilionaceous (pea plant)
Fabaceae, also called Papilionaceous, is a sub-family classified under the Leguminosae family.
Vegetative features of Family Fabaceae:
Pinnately compound leaf type alternately arranged with leaf tendrils with the Pulvinus present at the leaf base along fallacious stipules. It is classified under the tap root system with root nodules.
Floral features are described as follows:
Inflorescence: Racemose Inflorescence, generally axial than terminal
Zygomorphic and bisexual flowers contain five gamosepalous sepals, and the aestivation is imbricate.
Corolla: It contains five petals, i.e., polypetalous with vexillary aestivation.
Androecium: The Androecium consists of ten anthers diadelphous with dithecous anthers. At the same time, the Gynoecium contains a monocarpellary superior Ovary, unilocular with marginal placentation.
Fruit: Legume pod with non-endospermic seeds
Economic importance: The most common example is Peas, used as vegetables for various culinary preparations.
2) Flowers of Solanum nigrum (Family Solanaceae)
Vegetative features of Family Solanaceae:
It contains an erect, herbaceous plant with simple, exstipulate leaves that contain reticulate venation.
It has an erect stem that has numerous branches.
Floral features are classified as:
Solitary and axillary inflorescence with actinomorphic, bisexual flowers containing calyx composed of five sepals which are united and persistent. The aestivation is valvate, and the corolla consists of five united petals.
Androecium: The Androecium consists of five epipetalous stamens, while the other hand, Gynoecium consists of a carpellary syncarpous superior Ovary with axile placentation.
The most common example is Berry
Seeds: Numerous endosperms
Economic importance: Used for medicinal purposes.
Answer 39. Aerial modifications of the stem could be any of the ones as follows: –
Comprehending concepts explained in Important Questions Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 requires a substantial amount of time and patience, especially during exams. We recommend students practise questions and answers from Extramarks Important Questions Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 to equip themselves with a good understanding of topics vital from the examination point of view.
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Q.1 Michelle’s teacher gave him a flower to write its floral formula. The given flower exhibited the following characters: Actinomorphic, bisexual, five united sepals, five united petals, stamens epipetalous and five in number, bicarpellary, syncarpous and superior ovary. Find out the correct floral formula of the given flower.
Marks: 1 Ans
Following symbols are used in the given floral formula:
Q.2 Identify the plant which exhibits a zygomorphic flower, vexillary aestivation, diadelphous androecium and marginal placentation.
The given characters belong to family Fabaceae. Pisum also belongs to family Fabaceae.
Q.3 Racemose condition show-
The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is termed as inflorescence. In racemose, the main axis continues to grow, and the flowers are borne in acropetal succession.
Q.4 Match the type of aestivation mentioned in column 1 with their examples given in column 2 and find out the correct option.
A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i
Twisted aestivation: One margin of the appendage overlaps that of the next one.
Imbricate aestivation: An irregular overlap of petals by one another.
Valvate aestivation: The petals in a whorl are quite close to each other but there is no overlapping.
Vexillary aestivation: The posterior petals overlap the two lateral petals, which in turn overlap the two anterior petals.
Q.5 Observe the image carefully.
In which plant family this is found?
The given image is showing axile placentation. In this, the placenta is axial and the ovules are attached to it in a bilocular ovary. It is found in family Solanaceae.
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Final Semester - June 2015
Mitosis accomplishes not only the segregation of the duplicated chromosomes to daughter nuclei, but the cell itself divides into two daughter cells, by cytokinesis. In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs with the appearance of a furrow in the cell membrane that deepens and joins in the centre to divide the cell, but in plants it is different. (a) Why cannot the plant cells divide the same way as animalcells? (b) Name the precursor of cell walls in plant cells. What does it represent in the cell wall? (c) What will be the consequence, if cytokinesis does not follow karyokinesis? Give an example.
Sexual reproduction involves fusion of two gametes, each with a complete haploid set of chromosomes. In animals, gametes are formed from specialised diploid cells. Meiosis ensures the production of haploid phase in the life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms and fertilisation restores the diploid phase. (a) Mention the four key features of meiosis. (b) Why does reduction in the number of chromosomes occur during meiosis?
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The Living World - Introduction, Classification, Characteristics, FAQs
Diversity In The Living World
Binomial Nomenclature - Definition, Rules, Classification and Examples
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Protozoans - Structure, Classification, Characteristics, Examples
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Parts of a Flower and their Functions
Androecium - Definition, Components, Structure, Functions
Gynoecium - Definition, Concept, Parts, Functions
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Structure Of A Dicotyledonous Seed
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Morphology of Cockroach
Anatomy of Cockroach
Morphology and Anatomy of Frogs
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Cell Envelope - Definition, Classification, Types, Functions
Ribosomes and Inclusion Bodies
Eukaryotic Cells
Cell Membrane
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How Do Enzymes Bring About Such High Rates Of Chemical Conversions?
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Transport of Carbon Dioxide in the Blood
Regulation Of Respiration
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Blood Coagulation
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Double Circulation
Regulation of Cardiac Activity
Disorders of the Circulatory System
Excretory Products and their Elimination
Human Excretory System
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Functions of Renal Tubules
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Role of Other Organs In Excretion
Disorders Of The Excretory System
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Reflex Action
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NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 1 Living World
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 - Biological Classification
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 - Plant Kingdom
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 4 Animal Kingdom
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 7 Structural Organisation in Animals
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 8 Cell The Unit of Life
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 9 - Biomolecules
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 10 Cell Cycle and Cell Division
NCERT Solutions Chapter 11 of Class 11 Biology - Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 12 Respiration in Plants
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 - Plant Growth and Development
NCERT Solutions of Class 11 Chapter 14 Breathing and Exchange of Gases
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 15 Body Fluids and Circulation
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 16 Excretory Products and Their Elimination
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 Locomotion and Movement
Class 11 Biology NCERT Notes Chapter 18 - Neural Control and Coordination
NCERT Notes for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19: Chemical Coordination and Integration
Important Biology Diagrams - Class 8-12 & NEET
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The perception of difficulty can vary by student, but Physics is often considered the toughest subject in Class 11 Science (for both PCM and PCB streams) because it requires a strong foundation in Math and involves abstract concepts.
Where can I get best notes for Class 11?
There are two main options for Class 11 notes: NCERT Textbooks: These are the official source and a great starting point. Make your own notes while studying them. Online Resources: Many websites and apps offer free or paid Class 11 revision notes. Look for sites with good reputations and content based on the CBSE curriculum.
How to make notes for class 11 science?
-Be organized: Use a notebook with clear headings and leave space for adding details later. -Focus on key information: Write down definitions, diagrams, equations, and experiment results. -Use abbreviations and bullet points: Save time and make notes easier to scan. -Leave space for questions: Note down anything unclear for later clarification from teachers. -Drawings and diagrams: Include visuals to represent complex concepts. Review and revise: Briefly go over your notes after class to solidify your understanding.
How to get 90% in class 11?
Here's how to aim for a 90+ in Class 11: Plan and prioritize: Make a study schedule and identify important topics. Master NCERT: Understand concepts thoroughly from NCERT textbooks. Practice consistently: Solve questions from NCERT Exemplar and other sources. Plug knowledge gaps: Seek help from teachers or classmates for areas you struggle with. Revise effectively: Regularly review notes and key concepts to retain information. Manage time well: Balance studying with breaks to avoid burnout.
Case study questions class 11 biology chapter 9 biomolecules.
CBSE Class 11 Case Study Questions Biology Biomolecules. Important Case Study Questions for Class 11 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Biomolecules.
At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks.
Enzymes are composed of one or several polypeptide chains. However, there are a number of cases in which non-protein constituents called co-factors are bound to the enzyme to make the enzyme catalytically active. In these instances, the protein portion of the enzymes is called the apoenzyme. Three kinds of cofactors may be identified: prosthetic groups, co-enzymes and metal ions. Prosthetic groups are organic compounds and are distinguished from other cofactors in that they are tightly bound to the apoenzyme. For example, in peroxidase and catalase, which catalyze the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen, haem is the prosthetic group and it is a part of the active site of the enzyme. Co-enzymes are also organic compounds but their association with the apoenzyme is only transient, usually occurring during the course of catalysis. Furthermore, co-enzymes serve as co-factors in a number of different enzyme catalyzed reactions. The essential chemical components of many coenzymes are vitamins, e.g., coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and NADP contain the vitamin niacin. A number of enzymes require metal ions for their activity which form coordination bonds with side chains at the active site and at the same time form one or more cordination bonds with the substrate, e.g., zinc is a cofactor for the proteolytic enzyme carboxypeptidase. Catalytic activity is lost when the co-factor is removed from the enzyme which testifies that they play a crucial role in the catalytic activity of the enzyme.
1.) In complex of protein and co-factors, protein is referred as ___________________.
a) Proenzyme
b) Coenzyme
c) Apoenzyme
d.) Proteinase enzyme.
2.) ________________ Co-factor are found very tightly bound to the apoenzyme.
a.) Co-enzyme
b.) Proenzyme
c,) Proteinase
d.) Prosthetic
3.) Enlist the type of co-factor with examples.
4.) Define co-factors.
5.) What result come off if co-factor is removed from the enzyme?
3.) Three kinds of cofactors
4.) Co-factor are the non-protein constituents are bound to the enzyme to make the enzyme catalytically active. Enzymes are composed of one or several polypeptide chains. However, there are a number of cases in which non-protein constituents are bound to the enzyme to make the enzyme catalytically active.
5.) Catalytic activity is lost when the co-factor is removed from the enzyme which testifies that they play a crucial role in the catalytic activity of the enzyme.
The activity of an enzyme can be affected by a change in the conditions which can alter the tertiary structure of the protein. These include temperature, pH, and change in substrate concentration or binding of specific chemicals that regulate its activity. Temperature and pH Enzymes generally function in a narrow range of temperature and pH. Each enzyme shows its highest activity at a particular temperature and pH called the optimum temperature and optimum pH. Activity declines both below and above the optimum value. Low temperature preserves the enzyme in a temporarily inactive state whereas high temperature destroys enzymatic activity because proteins are denatured by heat.
Concentration of Substrate With the increase in substrate concentration, the velocity of the enzymatic reaction rises at first. The reaction ultimately reaches a maximum velocity (Vmax) which is not exceeded by any further rise in concentration of the substrate. This is because the enzyme molecules are fewer than the substrate molecules and after saturation of these molecules, there are no free enzyme molecules to bind with the additional substrate molecules.
The activity of an enzyme is also sensitive to the presence of specific chemicals that bind to the enzyme. When the binding of the chemical shuts off enzyme activity, the process is called inhibition and the chemical is called an inhibitor.
When the inhibitor closely resembles the substrate in its molecular structure and inhibits the activity of the enzyme, it is known as competitive inhibitor. Due to its close structural similarity with the substrate, the inhibitor competes with the substrate for the substrate binding site of the enzyme. Consequently, the substrate cannot bind and as a result, the enzyme action declines, e.g., inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by malonate which closely resembles the substrate succinate in structure. Such competitive inhibitors are often used in the control of bacterial pathogens.
1.) _______________ is a chemical compound or molecule which is responsible for decrease or stop the enzyme activity by binding to an enzyme.
a.) Catalyser
b) Inhibitor
c) Regulator
d) Controller
2.) _______________ preserve the enzyme and keep them in temporarily inactive state.
a.) Optimum pH
c) Optimum temperature
d) Low temperature
3.) Give reason – why most of the enzymes destroyed in high temperature condition?
4.) Explain the relation between substrate concentration and enzymatic activity?
5.) Explain competitive inhibition and inhibitor.
3.) Enzymes are composed of one or several polypeptide chains. Almost all enzymes are protein. High temperature condition destroys enzymatic activity because proteins are denatured by heat.
4.) Concentration of Substrate With the increase in substrate concentration, the velocity of the enzymatic reaction rises at first. The reaction ultimately reaches a maximum velocity (Vmax) which is not exceeded by any further rise in concentration of the substrate. This is because the enzyme molecules are fewer than the substrate molecules and after saturation of these molecules, there are no free enzyme molecules to bind with the additional substrate molecules.
5.) When the inhibitor closely resembles the substrate in its molecular structure and inhibits the activity of the enzyme, it is known as competitive inhibitor. Due to its close structural similarity with the substrate, the inhibitor competes with the substrate for the substrate binding site of the enzyme. Consequently, the substrate cannot bind and as a result, the enzyme action declines. This phenomenon is called as competitive inhibition.
Almost all enzymes are proteins. There are some nucleic acids that behave like enzymes. These are called ribozymes. An enzyme like any protein has a primary structure, i.e., amino acid sequence of the protein. An enzyme like any protein has the secondary and the tertiary structure. When you look at a tertiary structure you will notice that the backbone of the protein chain folds upon itself, the chain criss-crosses itself and hence, many crevices or pockets are made. One such pocket is the ‘active site’. An active site of an enzyme is a crevice or pocket into which the substrate fits. Thus enzymes, through their active site, catalyse reactions at a high rate. Enzyme catalysts differ from inorganic catalysts in many ways, but one major difference needs mention. Inorganic catalysts work efficiently at high temperatures and high pressures, while enzymes get damaged at high temperatures (say above 40°C). However, enzymes isolated from organisms who normally live under extremely high temperatures (e.g., hot vents and sulphur springs), are stable and retain their catalytic power even at high temperatures (upto 80°-90°C). Thermal stability is thus an important quality of such enzymes isolated from thermophilic organisms.
1.) _____________ is the pocket like region of an enzyme into which substrate molecules bind.
a) Protein site
b) Co-factors
c) Coenzyme
d) Active site
2.) Identify incorrect statement
Statement 1 – Nucleic acids which behave like enzymes are commonly termed as nucliozymes.
Statement 2 – An enzyme like any protein has a primary, secondary and the tertiary structure.
Statement 3 – Enzyme catalysts differ from inorganic catalysts in many ways.
Statement 4 – All enzymes are proteins.
b) Both 1 & 3
d.) None of the above
3.) How active site of enzymes are formed?
4.) Explain how Enzyme catalysts differ from inorganic catalysts?
5.) What is ribozymes?
3.) Enzyme have primary, secondary and tertiary structure like proteins. In tertiary structure, backbone of the protein chain folds upon itself, the chain criss-crosses itself and leads to the formation of many crevices or pockets are made. These pockets are referred as active site of enzyme. An active site of an enzyme is a crevice or pocket into which the substrate fits.
4.) Enzyme catalysts differ from inorganic catalysts in many ways. Inorganic catalysts work efficiently at high temperatures and high pressures, while enzymes get damaged at high temperatures (above 40°C). There are some exceptions such as enzyme isolated from thermophilic organisms.
5.) There are some nucleic acid behave like an enzymes, these nucleic acid is termed as ribozymes.
Metabolic pathways can lead to a more complex structure from a simpler structure (for example, acetic acid becomes cholesterol) or lead to a simpler structure from a complex structure (for example, glucose becomes lactic acid in our skeletal muscle). The former cases are called biosynthetic pathways or anabolic pathways. The latter constitute degradation and hence are called catabolic pathways. Anabolic pathways, as expected, consume energy. Assembly of a protein from amino acids requires energy input. On the other hand, catabolic pathways lead to the release of energy. For example, when glucose is degraded to lactic acid in our skeletal muscle, energy is liberated. This metabolic pathway from glucose to lactic acid which occurs in 10 metabolic steps is called glycolysis. Living organisms have learnt to trap this energy liberated during degradation and store it in the form of chemical bonds. As and when needed, this bond energy is utilised for biosynthetic, osmotic and mechanical work that we perform. The most important form of energy currency in living systems is the bond energy in a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
There are thousands of chemical compounds in a living organism, otherwise called as metabolites or biomolecules, are present at concentrations characteristic of each of them. For example, the blood concentration of glucose in a normal healthy individual is 4.2 mmol/L– 6.1 mmol/L, while that of hormones would be nanograms/mL. The most important fact of biological systems is that all living organisms exist in a steady-state characterised by concentrations of each of these biomolecules. These biomolecules are in a metabolic flux. Any chemical or physical process moves spontaneously to equilibrium. The steady state is a non-equilibrium state. Systems at equilibrium cannot perform work. As living organisms work continuously, they cannot afford to reach equilibrium. Hence the living state is a non-equilibrium steady state to be able to perform work; living process is a constant effort to prevent falling into equilibrium. This is achieved by energy input. Metabolism provides a mechanism for the production of energy. Hence the living state and metabolism are synonymous. Without metabolism there cannot be a living state.
1.) ________________ is the destructive process, which involves complex structure breakdown into simple form.
a) Amphibolic pathway
b) Anabolic pathway
c) Catabolic pathway
d) None of the above
2.) ______________ is the normal glucose concentration in normal healthy individual.
a) 9 mmol/L– 6.8 mmol/L
b) 5 mmol/L– 6.5 mmol/L
c) 0 mmol/L– 7.1 mmol/L
d) 2 mmol/L– 6.1 mmol/L
3.) Give any one example of catabolic reaction that take place in human body.
4.) Give the name of chemical bond in which energy liberated during degradation of metabolites, is stored.
5.) Define anabolic pathways and catabolic pathways.
3.) Glucose becomes lactic acid in our skeletal muscle is the catabolic pathway reaction, which constitute degradation of biomolecule and release energy.
4.) In Living organism energy liberated during degradation of metabolites stored in the form of chemical bonds i.e. ATP. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the most important form of energy currency in living systems.
5) Anabolic pathway – Metabolic pathways which leads to a more complex structure from a simpler structure are termed as anabolic pathways or biosynthetic pathways.
Catabolic pathway – Metabolic pathways which leads to a simpler structure from a complex structure are termed as catabolic pathways.
Proteins are heteropolymers containing strings of amino acids. Structure of molecules means different things in different contexts. In inorganic chemistry, the structure invariably refers to the molecular formulae (e.g., NaCl, MgCl2, etc.). Organic chemists always write a two dimensional view of the molecules while representing the structure of the molecules (e.g., benzene, naphthalene, etc.). Physicists conjure up the three dimensional views of molecular structures while biologists describe the protein structure at four levels. The sequence of amino acids i.e., the positional information in a protein – which is the first amino acid, which is second, and so on – is called the primary structure of a protein. A protein is imagined as a line, the left end represented by the first amino acid and the right end represented by the last amino acid. The first amino acid is also called as N-terminal amino acid. The last amino acid is called the C-terminal amino acid. A protein thread does not exist throughout as an extended rigid rod. The thread is folded in the form of a helix, only some portions of the protein thread are arranged in the form of a helix. In proteins, only right handed helices are observed. Other regions of the protein thread are folded into other forms in what is called the secondary structure. In addition, the long protein chain is also folded upon itself like a hollow woollen ball, giving rise to the tertiary structure. This gives us a 3-dimensional view of a protein. Tertiary structure is absolutely necessary for the many biological activities of proteins.
Some proteins are an assembly of more than one polypeptide or subunits. The manner in which these individual folded polypeptides or subunits are arranged with respect to each other (e.g. linear string of spheres, spheres arranged one upon each other in the form of a cube or plate etc.) is the architecture of a protein otherwise called the quaternary structure of a protein (Fig. 9.4 d). Adult human haemoglobin consists of 4 subunits. Two of these are identical to each other. Hence, two subunits of α type and two subunits of β type together constitute the human haemoglobin (Hb).
In a polypeptide or a protein, amino acids are linked by a peptide bond which is formed when the carboxyl (-COOH) group of one amino acid reacts with the amino (-NH2 ) group of the next amino acid with the elimination of a water moiety (the process is called dehydration). In a polysaccharide the individual monosaccharides are linked by a Glycosidic bond. This bond is also formed by dehydration. This bond is formed between two carbon atoms of two adjacent monosaccharides. In a nucleic acid a phosphate moiety links the 3’-carbon of one sugar of one nucleotide to the 5’-carbon of the sugar of the succeeding nucleotide. The bond between the phosphate and hydroxyl group of sugar is an ester bond. As there is one such ester bond on either side, it is called phosphodiester bond. Nucleic acids exhibit a wide variety of secondary structures. For example, one of the secondary structures exhibited by DNA is the famous Watson – Crick Model. This model says that DNA exists as a double helix. The two strands of polynucleotides are antiparallel i.e., run in the opposite direction. The backbone is formed by the sugar-phosphate-sugar chain. The nitrogen bases are projected more or less perpendicular to this backbone but face inside. A and G of one strand compulsorily base pairs with T and C, respectively, on the other strand.There are two hydrogen bonds between A and T and three hydrogen bonds between G and C. Each strand appears like a helical staircase.
1.) To form polypeptide molecules, number of amino acids joined together by _______________ bond.
a.) Covalent bond
b) Glycosidic bond
c) Peptide bond
d) Phosphodiester bond
2.) Number of monosaccharides are joined together by _____________ to form polysaccharide.
a.) Phosphodiester bond
c) Hydrogen bond
d) Ester bond
3.) Define N-terminal amino acid and c-terminal amino acid.
4.) Explain how amino acid chain formed in the formation of polypeptide molecule.
5.) Name the bond present between nitrogen bases ( A and G / T and C ) of nucleic acid.
3) The first amino acid present in amino acid chain is also called as N-terminal amino acid. The last amino acid is called the C-terminal amino acid.
4) When the carboxyl (-COOH) group of one amino acid reacts with the amino (-NH2) group of the next amino acid, they form peptide bond between them. This way formation of amino acid chain continuous which leads to the polypeptide.
5) The nitrogen bases A and G of one strand compulsorily base pairs with T and C, respectively, there are two hydrogen bonds between A and T and three hydrogen bonds between G and C.
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In Class 11 Final Exams there will be Case studies and Passage Based Questions will be asked, So practice these types of questions. Study Rate is always there to help you. Free PDF Download of CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 Case Study and Passage Based Questions with Answers were Prepared Based on Latest Exam Pattern. Students can solve NCERT Class 11 Biology Photosynthesis in Higher Plants to know their preparation level.
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In CBSE Class 11 Biology Paper, There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage-based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.
Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Case Study/Passage-Based Questions
Case Study 1:
The splitting of water is associated with the PS II; water is split into 2H+, [O] and electrons. This creates oxygen, one of the net products of photosynthesis. The electrons needed to replace those removed from photosystem I are provided by photosystem II. Water splitting complex is associated with the PS II, which itself is physically located on the inner side of the membrane of the thylakoid.
Cyclic and Non-cyclic Photo-phosphorylation
Living organisms have the capability of extracting energy from oxidisable substances and store this in the form of bond energy. Special substances like ATP, carry this energy in their chemical bonds. The process through which ATP is synthesised by cells (in mitochondria and chloroplasts) is named phosphorylation. Photo-phosphorylation is the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate in the presence of light. When the two photosystems work in a series, first PS II and then the PS I, a process called non-cyclic photo-phosphorylation occurs. The two photosystems are connected through an electron transport chain. Both ATP and NADPH + H+ are synthesised by this kind of electron flow.
When only PS I is functional, the electron is circulated within the photosystem and the phosphorylation occurs due to cyclic flow of electrons. A possible location where this could be happening is in the stroma lamellae. While the membrane or lamellae of the grana have both PS I and PS II the stroma lamellae membranes lack PS II as well as NADP reductase enzyme. The excited electron does not pass on to NADP+ but is cycled back to the PS I complex through the electron transport chain. The cyclic flow hence, results only in the synthesis of ATP, but not of NADPH + H+ . Cyclic photophosphorylation also occurs when only light of wavelengths beyond 680 nm are available for excitation.
1.) Photolysis of water or splitting of water molecule takes place in _____________
Ans: b) Photosystem PS II
2.) Water molecule splits into_________________ in presence of light.
Ans: d) Hydrogen, Oxygen and Electrons
3.) By which mechanism two photosystem can be connected and work in series?
Ans: The two photosystems are connected through an electron transport chain, which makes them work in series.
4.) Define phosphorylation and Photo-phosphorylation.
Ans: Phosphorylation is the process through ATP molecules are synthesised by cells.
5.) Name the cell organelles in which the process of phosphorylation is carried out.
Ans: Photo-phosphorylation is the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate in the presence of light.
Hope the information shed above regarding Case Study and Passage Based Questions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants with Answers Pdf free download has been useful to an extent. If you have any other queries about CBSE Class 11 Biology Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Case Study and Passage Based Questions with Answers, feel free to comment below so that we can revert back to us at the earliest possible. By Team Study Rate
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Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Morphology of Flowering Plants. Case Study/Passage-Based Questions. Case Study 1: The leaf is a lateral, flattened structure borne on the stem. It develops at the node and bears a bud in its axil. The axillary bud later develops into a branch.
Class 11 Biology case study questions 1. Read the following and answer any four questions: The detailed structure of the membrane was studied only after the advent of the electron microscope in the 1950s. Meanwhile, chemical studies on the cell membrane, especially in human red blood cells (RBCs), enabled the scientists to deduce the possible ...
CBSE Case Study Questions Class 11 Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants. CASE 1. In majority of the dicotyledonous plants, the direct elongation of the radicle leads to the formation of primary root which grows inside the soil. It bears lateral roots of several orders that are referred to as secondary, tertiary, etc. roots.
Download PDF of Case Study Questions Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Morphology of flowering Plants. Practice CBSE Class 11 Biology Important Questions Chapter Wise, MCQ's, Extra Questions for Exams. ... get the clear idea whether the questions framed from any particular chapter are mostly either short or long answer type questions or multiple ...
Question numbers 15 and 16 are case-based questions where 5 MCQs will be asked based on a paragraph. Each theme will have five questions and students will have a choice to attempt any four of them. Case Study-Based Questions for Class 11 Biology. Chapter 1 : The Living World; Chapter 2 : Biological Classification; Chapter 3 : Plant Kingdom
CBSE Class 11 Biology Case Study Question. Chapter 1 : The Living World. Chapter 2 : Biological Classification. Chapter 3 : Plant Kingdom. Chapter 4 : Animal Kingdom. Chapter 5 : Morphology of Flowering Plants. Chapter 6 : Anatomy of Flowering Plants. Chapter 7 : Structural Organisation in Animals. Chapter 8 : Cell : The Unit of Life.
Case Study Questions for Class 11 Biology. Chapter 1: The Living World. Chapter 2: Biological Classification. Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom. Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom. Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants. Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants. Chapter 7: Structural Organisation in Animals. Chapter 8: The Unit of Life.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Morphology of Flowering Plants is an important study tool for students of Class 11 to help them ace their board exams.NCERT Solutions for Class 11 provides the best solutions to the textbook questions, thereby giving reliable study material according to the latest update on the latest CBSE Syllabus 2023-24.
Long Questions and Answers (3 Marks Questions) 1. Observe the given figure showing various types of placentation. Identify the type of placentation. Give one example of each. Various Types of Placentation. Ans: The type of placentation is: -. Marginal placentation: - Pea. Parietal placentation: - Argemone.
The NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 - Morphology of Flowering Plants provided by Vedantu are an excellent resource for students to prepare for their exams. The solutions cover all the important topics in the chapter, including the different parts of a flowering plant, their functions, and adaptations.
The morphology of flowering plants is discussed in Class 11 Biology Chapter 5. It is an important Chapter for the students preparing for NEET. Many short and multiple-choice questions are asked from the chapter in the NEET. Students of Class 11 should thoroughly study and understand the concepts given in Chapter 5 of Class 11 Biology.
A.1. The roots of the plants growing in swamps and marshes grow vertically upwards and respire. They become negatively geotropic. Q.2. Name some modifications of plant parts for the purpose of photosynthesis. A.2. The stem gets modified into a leaf-like structure to carry out photosynthesis.
Chapter-wise Solved Case Study Questions for Class 11 Biology. Chapter 1 : The Living World. Chapter 2 : Biological Classification. Chapter 3 : Plant Kingdom. Chapter 4 : Animal Kingdom. Chapter 5 : Morphology of Flowering Plants. Chapter 6 : Anatomy of Flowering Plants. Chapter 7 : Structural Organisation in Animals.
Important Questions Class 11 Biology Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants Biology is an interesting subject. It involves the study of different forms of life, their classification, origin, and features and helps develop better awareness and understanding of life around us.
Ans: (d) The mature seeds of plants such as gram and peas, possess no endosperm, because endosperm gets used up by the developing embryo during seed development. Q4. Roots developed from parts of the plant other than radicle are called. (a) Tap roots (b) Fibrous roots. (c) Adventitious roots (d) Nodular roots.
Chapterwise Important Questions Class 11 Biology. Unit 1: Diversity in the Living World. Chapter 1 The Living World. Chapter 2 Biological Classification. Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom. Chapter 4 Animal Kingdom. Unit 2: Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals. Chapter 5 Morphology of Flowering Plants. Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants.
Class 11th Biology - Cell Cycle and Cell Division Case Study Questions and Answers 2022 - 2023 - Complete list of 11th Standard CBSE question papers, syllabus, exam tips, study material, previous year exam question papers, centum tips, formula, answer keys, solutions etc..
Click on the links below to start exploring. Important Questions Chapter 1: The Living World. Important Questions Chapter 2: Biological Classification. Important Questions Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom. Important Questions Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom. Important Questions Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants.
At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks. CBSE Case Study Questions Class 11 Biology Biological Classification. CASE 1 Bacteria are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera.
There are two main options for Class 11 notes: NCERT Textbooks: These are the official source and a great starting point. Make your own notes while studying them. Online Resources: Many websites and apps offer free or paid Class 11 revision notes. Look for sites with good reputations and content based on the CBSE curriculum.
At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks. CBSE Case Study Questions Class 11 Biology Locomotion and Movement. CASE 1. Movement is one of the significant features of living ...
Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 Biological Classification. Case Study/Passage-Based Questions. Case Study 1: Phycomycetes - Members of Phycomycetes are found in aquatic habitats and on decaying wood in moist and damp places or as obligate parasites on plants.
5) The nitrogen bases A and G of one strand compulsorily base pairs with T and C, respectively, there are two hydrogen bonds between A and T and three hydrogen bonds between G and C. CBSE Class 11 Case Study Questions Class 11 Biology Chapter 9 Biomolecules. Biomolecules Case Study Questions with Solution.
Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants. Case Study/Passage-Based Questions. Case Study 1: The splitting of water is associated with the PS II; water is split into 2H+, [O] and electrons. This creates oxygen, one of the net products of photosynthesis.