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How to Write the AP Lang Argument Essay + Examples

What’s covered:, what is the ap language argument essay, tips for writing the ap language argument essay, ap english language argument essay examples, how will ap scores impact my college chances.

In 2023, over 550,148 students across the U.S. took the AP English Language and Composition Exam, and 65.2% scored higher than a 3. The AP English Language Exam tests your ability to analyze a piece of writing, synthesize information, write a rhetorical essay, and create a cohesive argument. In this post, we’ll be discussing the best way to approach the argumentative essay section of the test, and we’ll give you tips and tricks so you can write a great essay.

The AP English Language Exam as of 2023 is structured as follows:

Section 1: 45 multiple choice questions to be completed in an hour. This portion counts for 45% of your score. This section requires students to analyze a piece of literature. The questions ask about its content and/or what could be edited within the passage.

Section 2: Three free response questions to be completed in the remaining two hours and 15 minutes. This section counts for 55% of your score. These essay questions include the synthesis essay, the rhetorical essay, and the argumentative essay.

• Synthesis essay: Read 6-7 sources and create an argument using at least three of the sources.
• Rhetorical analysis essay: Describe how a piece of writing evokes meaning and symbolism.
• Argumentative essay: Pick a side of a debate and create an argument based on evidence. In this essay, you should develop a logical argument in support of or against the given statement and provide ample evidence that supports your conclusion. Typically, a five paragraph format is great for this type of writing. This essay is scored holistically from 1 to 9 points.

Do you want more information on the structure of the full exam? Take a look at our in-depth overview of the AP Language and Composition Exam .

Although the AP Language Argument may seem daunting at first, once you understand how the essay should be structured, it will be a lot easier to create cohesive arguments.

Below are some tips to help you as you write the essay.

1. Organize your essay before writing

Instead of jumping right into your essay, plan out what you will say beforehand. It’s easiest to make a list of your arguments and write out what facts or evidence you will use to support each argument. In your outline, you can determine the best order for your arguments, especially if they build on each other or are chronological. Having a well-organized essay is crucial for success.

2. Pick one side of the argument, but acknowledge the other side

When you write the essay, it’s best if you pick one side of the debate and stick with it for the entire essay. All your evidence should be in support of that one side. However, in your introductory paragraph, as you introduce the debate, be sure to mention any merit the arguments of the other side has. This can make the essay a bit more nuanced and show that you did consider both sides before determining which one was better. Often, acknowledging another viewpoint then refuting it can make your essay stronger.

3. Provide evidence to support your claims

The AP readers will be looking for examples and evidence to support your argument. This doesn’t mean that you need to memorize a bunch of random facts before the exam. This just means that you should be able to provide concrete examples in support of your argument.

For example, if the essay topic is about whether the role of the media in society has been detrimental or not, and you argue that it has been, you may talk about the phenomenon of “fake news” during the 2016 presidential election.

AP readers are not looking for perfect examples, but they are looking to see if you can provide enough evidence to back your claim and make it easily understood.

4. Create a strong thesis statement

The thesis statement will set up your entire essay, so it’s important that it is focused and specific, and that it allows for the reader to understand your body paragraphs. Make sure your thesis statement is the very last sentence of your introductory paragraph. In this sentence, list out the key points you will be making in the essay in the same order that you will be writing them. Each new point you mention in your thesis should start a paragraph in your essay.

Below is a prompt and sample student essay from the May 2019 exam . We’ll look at what the student did well in their writing and where they could improve.

Prompt: “The term “overrated” is often used to diminish concepts, places, roles, etc. that the speaker believes do not deserve the prestige they commonly enjoy; for example, many writers have argued that success is overrated, a character in a novel by Anthony Burgess famously describes Rome as a “vastly overrated city,” and Queen Rania of Jordan herself has asserted that “[b]eing queen is overrated.”

Select a concept, place, role, etc. to which you believe that the term “overrated” should be applied. Then, write a well-developed essay in which you explain your judgment. Use appropriate evidence from your reading, experience, or observations to support your argument.

Sample Student Essay #1:

[1] Competition is “overrated.” The notion of motivation between peers has evolved into a source of unnecessary stress and even lack of morals. Whether it be in an academic environment or in the industry, this new idea of competition is harmful to those competing and those around them.

[2] Back in elementary school, competition was rather friendly. It could have been who could do the most pushups or who could get the most imaginary points in a classroom for a prize. If you couldn’t do the most pushups or win that smelly sticker, you would go home and improve yourself – there would be no strong feelings towards anyone, you would just focus on making yourself a better version of yourself. Then as high school rolled around, suddenly applying for college doesn’t seem so far away –GPA seems to be that one stat that defines you – extracurriculars seem to shape you – test scores seem to categorize you. Sleepless nights, studying for the next day’s exam, seem to become more and more frequent. Floating duck syndrome seems to surround you (FDS is where a competitive student pretends to not work hard but is furiously studying beneath the surface just like how a duck furiously kicks to stay afloat). All of your competitors appear to hope you fail – but in the end what do you and your competitor’s gain? Getting one extra point on the test? Does that self-satisfaction compensate for the tremendous amounts of acquired stress? This new type of “competition” is overrated – it serves nothing except a never-ending source of anxiety and seeks to weaken friendships and solidarity as a whole in the school setting.

[3] A similar idea of “competition” can be applied to business. On the most fundamental level, competition serves to be a beneficial regulator of prices and business models for both the business themselves and consumers. However, as businesses grew increasingly greedy and desperate, companies resorted to immoral tactics that only hurt their reputations and consumers as a whole. Whether it be McDonald’s coupons that force you to buy more food or tech companies like Apple intentionally slowing down your iPhone after 3 years to force you to upgrade to the newest device, consumers suffer and in turn speak down upon these companies. Similar to the evolved form of competition in school, this overrated form causes pain for all parties and has since diverged from the encouraging nature that the principle of competition was “founded” on.

The AP score for this essay was a 4/6, meaning that it captured the main purpose of the essay but there were still substantial parts missing. In this essay, the writer did a good job organizing the sections and making sure that their writing was in order according to the thesis statement. The essay first discusses how competition is harmful in elementary school and then discusses this topic in the context of business. This follows the chronological order of somebody’s life and flows nicely.

The arguments in this essay are problematic, as they do not provide enough examples of how exactly competition is overrated. The essay discusses the context in which competition is overrated but does not go far enough in explaining how this connects to the prompt.

In the first example, school stress is used to explain how competition manifests. This is a good starting point, but it does not talk about why competition is overrated; it simply mentions that competition can be unhealthy. The last sentence of that paragraph is the main point of the argument and should be expanded to discuss how the anxiety of school is overrated later on in life. 

In the second example, the writer discusses how competition can lead to harmful business practices, but again, this doesn’t reflect the reason this would be overrated. Is competition really overrated because Apple and McDonald’s force you to buy new products? This example could’ve been taken one step farther. Instead of explaining why business structures—such as monopolies—harm competition, the author should discuss how those particular structures are overrated.

Additionally, the examples the writer used lack detail. A stronger essay would’ve provided more in-depth examples. This essay seemed to mention examples only in passing without using them to defend the argument.

It should also be noted that the structure of the essay is incomplete. The introduction only has a thesis statement and no additional context. Also, there is no conclusion paragraph that sums up the essay. These missing components result in a 4/6.

Now let’s go through the prompt for a sample essay from the May 2022 exam . The prompt is as follows:

Colin Powell, a four-star general and former United States Secretary of State, wrote in his 1995 autobiography: “[W]e do not have the luxury of collecting information indefinitely. At some point, before we can have every possible fact in hand, we have to decide. The key is not to make quick decisions, but to make timely decisions.”

Write an essay that argues your position on the extent to which Powell’s claim about making decisions is valid. 

In your response you should do the following:

• Respond to the prompt with a thesis that presents a defensible position. 
• Provide evidence to support your line of reasoning. 
• Explain how the evidence supports your line of reasoning. 
• Use appropriate grammar and punctuation in communicating your argument.

Sample Student Essay #2:

Colin Powell, who was a four star general and a former United States Secretary of State. He wrote an autobiography and had made a claim about making decisions. In my personal opinion, Powell’s claim is true to full extent and shows an extremely valuable piece of advice that we do not consider when we make decisions.

Powell stated, “before we can have every possible fact in hand we have to decide…. but to make it a timely decision” (1995). With this statement Powell is telling the audience of his autobiography that it does not necessarily matter how many facts you have, and how many things you know. Being able to have access to everything possible takes a great amount of time and we don’t always have all of the time in the world. A decision has to be made with what you know, waiting for something else to come in while trying to make a decision whether that other fact is good or bad you already have a good amount of things that you know. Everyone’s time is valuable, including yours. At the end of the day the decision will have to be made and that is why it should be made in a “timely” manner.

This response was graded for a score of 2/6. Let’s break down the score to smaller points that signify where the student fell short.

The thesis in this essay is clearly outlined at the end of the first paragraph. The student states their agreement with Powell’s claim and frames the rest of their essay around this stance. The success in scoring here lies in the clear communication of the thesis and the direction the argument will take. It’s important to make the thesis statement concise, specific, and arguable, which the student has successfully done.

While the student did attempt to provide evidence to support their thesis, it’s clear that their explanation lacks specific detail and substance. They referenced Powell’s statement, but did not delve into how this statement has proven true in specific instances, and did not provide examples that could bring the argument to life.

Commentary is an essential part of this section’s score. It means explaining the significance of the evidence and connecting it back to the thesis. Unfortunately, the student’s commentary here is too vague and does not effectively elaborate on how the evidence supports their argument.

To improve, the student could use more concrete examples to demonstrate their point and discuss how each piece of evidence supports their thesis. For instance, they could discuss specific moments in Powell’s career where making a timely decision was more valuable than waiting for all possible facts. This would help illustrate the argument in a more engaging, understandable way.

A high score in the “sophistication” category of the grading rubric is given for demonstrating a complex understanding of the rhetorical situation (purpose, audience, context, etc.), making effective rhetorical choices, or establishing a line of reasoning. Here, the student’s response lacks complexity and sophistication. They’ve simply agreed with Powell’s claim and made a few general statements without providing a deeper analysis or effectively considering the rhetorical situation.

To increase sophistication, the student could explore possible counterarguments or complexities within Powell’s claim. They could discuss potential drawbacks of making decisions without all possible facts, or examine situations where timely decisions might not yield the best results. By acknowledging and refuting these potential counterarguments, they could add more depth to their analysis and showcase their understanding of the complexities involved in decision-making.

The student could also analyze why Powell, given his background and experiences, might have come to such a conclusion, thus providing more context and showing an understanding of the rhetorical situation.

Remember, sophistication in argumentation isn’t about using fancy words or complicated sentences. It’s about showing that you understand the complexity of the issue at hand and that you’re able to make thoughtful, nuanced arguments. Sophistication shows that you can think critically about the topic and make connections that aren’t immediately obvious.

Now that you’ve looked at an example essay and some tips for the argumentative essay, you know how to better prepare for the AP English Language and Composition Exam.

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Choose Your Test

Sat / act prep online guides and tips, every ap english language and composition practice exam.

Advanced Placement (AP)

With the AP English Language and Composition exam coming up, it's important to find the best practice resources, and that includes practice tests! The AP Language and Composition exam has two sections: a multiple-choice section with 45 questions, and a free-response section with three essay questions—one synthesis prompt, one analysis prompt, and one argument prompt.

But not all AP Lang practice tests are like the real exam, and they aren't all of equal quality. In this guide, I'll break down where you can find official College Board AP Language and Composition practice test resources, other free resources out there, and paid practice tests and questions. I'll also break down which resources are high-quality and how to best incorporate AP English practice tests into your exam preparation.

A Note on Exam Updates

In 2019, the College Board announced updates to the AP English Language exam . The free-response section stayed the same, although there were some changes to how the essays will be scored .

For the multiple-choice section, there are now only 45 questions instead of roughly 55. Passages are also shorter, and there is a new question type, called "composition questions." They make up roughly half of the questions on multiple choice and test students on their ability to "read like a writer" and properly revise texts. Vocabulary-in-context questions and identification questions no longer appear on the exam. ( To learn more about different AP Language question types, check out our guide .)

So what does this mean for you? Unfortunately, it means that any AP Language practice resource created before 2019 is out of date. However, that doesn't mean they still aren't valuable resources. Free-response prompts and passages remain the same. When using older multiple-choice resources, stop answering questions after 45 questions and skip any vocab-in-context and identification questions you see.

Official Practice Resources

The best practice test resources come from the College Board. This is because they are the ones who create and administer all AP exams, including AP Lang and Comp, so their materials are the closest to the real, actual questions you will be seeing on test day!

If you practice with material that's close to the actual exam, you'll feel more comfortable when you are actually taking the test. Therefore, when possible, it's best to use College Board materials. However, it's worth noting that official resources for AP Language and Composition are a little bit sparse, especially when compared to the AP Literature exam.

There are, in general, three resources that the College Board offers for any given AP exam: complete released exams, released free-response questions from previous years, and sample questions from the " AP Course and Exam Description. "

Complete Released Exams

Unfortunately, the College Board doesn't appear to have released any official complete AP English Language and Composition practice exams, so I have nothing to link to here. However, you might be able to find at least one entire past exam by Googling "AP Language complete released exam" or similar variations on that. Make sure any AP Language and Composition released exams you get this way have answer keys, though!

You might also ask your AP teacher if she has any copies of old AP exams you can use for practice. AP teachers can purchase past exams from the College Board that students don't have access to. She may not be able to let you take them home, but even then you could be allowed to use them in a supervised setting.

Released Free-Response Questions

The College Board has posted years and years worth of past AP Language and Composition free-response questions that are at your disposal for practice purposes. However, only the tests from 2007-onward include the same three question types that are on the test currently. (And again remember that the rubrics for grading these questions have changed, even though the questions themselves haven't.) Earlier tests include two rhetorical analysis questions instead of a synthesis question.

Sample Questions From the " AP Course and Exam Description "

Beginning on page 115, the AP Course and Exam description for AP Language and composition includes 17 multiple-choice questions and three free-response prompts: one synthesis prompt, one analysis prompt, and one argument prompt. As mentioned above, this is the only current source of official practice questions for the new "composition" question type, so make sure to check this resource out!

Put them in your question bank!

Free Unofficial Resources

Outside of the College Board, there are lots of sites offering free practice questions for the AP Language and Comp exam. But which ones will actually help you? Since anyone can slap together a few questions and call it an "AP Language and Composition Practice Test," how do you sort the wheat from the chaff?

I've combed through tons of free resources so you don't have to! Presented in order of quality, from best to worst, here's my list of all the free AP Language practice tests and quizzes I could find out there. 

College Countdown Complete AP Language Practice Test

College Countdown offers a nearly-complete unofficial practice test, essays and all. While the exact wording of the multiple-choice questions isn't exactly the same as on a real AP exam, the tasks are very similar and the passages are well-selected. The essays are solid examples of the AP essay prompt style, although you could also substitute the unofficial free-response section for an official past free-response question if you wanted to make the experience even closer to a real AP. Also, there are robust answer explanations. This is an especially good resource given that there isn't an official College Board-released exam for this test.

High School Test Prep AP Language Practice Tests

High School Test Prep offers four short practice tests, each offering questions about a given nonfiction passage. The question style is definitely different from that of true AP questions; like the Albert questions below, they are written in a more stylistically simplistic way. Also note that these practice tests haven't been updated for the current version of the exam.

The ratio of questions about the passage overall versus specific moments in the passage is weighted much more heavily towards overall passage questions than the real AP exam. However, these are still decent rhetorical analysis practice questions, and this resource is an especially good choice if you find yourself struggling with identifying the major themes and arguments of passages overall.

Varsity Tutors AP English Practice Tests

Varsity Tutors offers very short, skill-specific quizzes. The questions don't sound all that much like AP questions, and every question asks about a different short passage, which is a little bit bizarre and inefficient. Additionally, not all of the specific skills they offer quizzes in are super-relevant to AP Language (e.g. "Motives and goals of characters"). However, if you feel like there are very specific rhetorical techniques you are confused about, taking some of the quizzes here could be a good study strategy. If you want to track your scores, you can make a free account with Varsity Tutors, but it's not necessary to be able to access the quizzes.

4tests.com AP English Language Exam

This site offers a 38-question AP English Language and Composition practice exam. The questions are somewhat overly basic and passages are not particularly similar in style or content to actual AP Language passages, though. Additionally, the interface is a little bit clunky. I would only use these if you desperately need some extra, very basic rhetorical analysis practice. (It's also not updated for the newest version of the exam.)

Crack AP English Language Tests

Crack AP has a plethora of AP English Language "tests" (that are actually short quizzes), however; we don't recommend them as a resource to use. They're based on outdated versions of the AP exam and don't cover many of the skills you'll actually see on the AP test. Feel free to skip this resource.

Clunky like a retro calculator.

Paid Unofficial Resources

If you need even more practice, there are also paid unofficial practice test resources available.

Albert AP English Language Practice

Albert offers a large number of mini-quizzes on analyzing the rhetoric of various notable nonfiction passages. Some of their questions don't match the tone of actual AP Lang questions, but they are one of the few resources to have practice composition questions. You need to create an account to use this resource, and while some questions you can access for free, for others you need a paid subscription.

Review Books

Review books usually contain one or more complete practice tests and are a great resource when you run out of free resources. Not all review books are equally high-quality, though—be sure to look at reviews (and check out the questions by flipping through the book at the bookstore if you can, to see how similar they are to actual AP questions). As a starting place, Barron's and the Princeton Review both generally offer high-quality AP review books.

Peterson's AP Practice Tests

A plan costs roughly $50 a month for access to all of Peterson's resources. For AP English Language, they have two practice tests. I couldn't find much information or reviews as to the quality of the material, though, so this is a bit of a gamble. You'd likely be better off buying a well-reviewed review book with practice tests.

How to Use Practice Resources in Your Exam Prep

How to best use practice resources as you study depends a lot on what kind of practice material you are using. I'll review how to make the most of different types of resources here.

Complete Practice Exams (Official and Maybe Unofficial)

The best way to use complete practice tests is to do full timed practice-runs for exam day. Bring a clock, a timer, and a hefty supply of pencils into a quiet room and have at it! A practice-run will help you to feel more comfortable when it's time to take the exam for real in May.

If you have access to multiple practice tests, you can even take complete tests at different times in the studying process to see how you've improved and what you still need to work on. When you do take practice tests, it can be helpful to get someone else to help grade your free-response essays based on the rubric.

You should aim to take your first full-length practice test around the beginning of your second semester. Normally I advise to only use official College Board practice tests for this, but since easily accessible complete official exams for the AP Language and Composition exam are sparse, you may want to supplement with the practice test from College Countdown linked to above.

Official College Board Practice Free-Response and Sample Questions

Released free-response questions from past years are best for practicing specifically for the free-response section in a targeted way. You can work on the prompt types that you find the most difficult or practice outlining essays in a certain amount of time, or writing all three essays in 120 minutes.

If you don't use the Course and Exam Description as a practice test, the multiple choice questions are great targeted practice for the first section of the text. It will help you get familiar with the College Board's question style and work on your rhetorical close-reading.

Unofficial Practice Quizzes and Questions

Unofficial practice quizzes and questions just aren't going to be as much like the real AP exam as College Board materials. However, while they aren't as helpful for prepping for the exam format or question styles, they are still good practice for building your rhetorical analysis skills, which is critical for the exam. High-quality unofficial resources are definitely worth your time.

Building rhetorical analysis skills: more complicated than building with blocks.

Key Takeaways

Practice tests are a key AP prep resource. The best resources come from the College Board, but unfortunately, official College Board resources for AP Language and Composition are a little bit sparse as compared to some other AP exams. However, there are also tons of unofficial resources, and some are high-quality. Most are free, but a few are paid.

Once you have your resources assembled, you might not be sure how to use them. Complete practice tests are best for mimicking the experience of the actual exam, sample Official questions are best for targeted section practice, and unofficial practice tests are best for rhetorical analysis skill-building.

You're ready to practice your way to AP success!

What's Next?

We also have complete practice test lists for AP Literature , AP US History , AP Chemistry , AP Biology , AP Psychology , and AP World History . Or see our guide to finding the best AP practice tests for any exam .

Taking the AP Literature exam? See our ultimate guide to AP Literature . for everything you need to know to ace this test.

Wondering if you should be trying for a perfect AP score ? See how difficult it is to score a 5 and the best tips to get you there!

Ellen has extensive education mentorship experience and is deeply committed to helping students succeed in all areas of life. She received a BA from Harvard in Folklore and Mythology and is currently pursuing graduate studies at Columbia University.

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By submitting my email address. i certify that i am 13 years of age or older, agree to recieve marketing email messages from the princeton review, and agree to terms of use., guide to the ap english language and composition exam.

Can you apply the rhetorical triangle to a piece of writing? Are you able to argue a position? The AP ® English Language and Composition exam tests topics and skills discussed in your Advanced Placement English Language course. If you score high enough, your AP English Language score could earn you college credit!

Check out our AP English Language Guide for what you need to know about the exam:

• Exam Overview
• Sections and Question Types
• How to Prepare

What’s on the AP English Language & Composition Exam?

The College Board is very detailed in what they require your AP teacher to cover in his or her AP English Language & Composition course. The exam tests your abilities to understand how authors use rhetoric and language to convey their purpose. Students are also expected to apply these techniques to their own writing and research projects. Some of the major skills tested include the ability to:

• Identify an author’s purpose and intended audience
• Recognize rhetorical devices and strategies in an author’s work
• Demonstrate understanding of citations in research papers
• Apply these skills and techniques to their own writing
• Create and organize an argument defended with evidence and reasoning
• Plan, write, and revise cogent, well-written essays

Check out our line of AP guides  for a comprehensive content review.

AP English Language Sections & Question Types

The AP English Language & Composition exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes long and consists of two sections: a multiple-choice section and a free response section.

Read More: Review for the exam with our  AP English Language Crash Course 

Multiple-Choice

For AP English Language multiple-choice questions, you are presented with two Reading Passages and three Writing passages. The two Reading passages are nonfiction passages taken from all sorts of works. The idea is to get you to focus on rhetorical devices, figures of speech and intended purposes, under rigid time constraints and with material you haven’t seen before. The three Writing passages are student-produced essays. The idea is to get you to revise the essay that help the writer accomplish his or her goal.

Free Response

The AP English Language section contains three essay prompts: a synthesis essay, a rhetorical analysis essay, and an argument essay.

• Synthesis essay: You’ll be given a scenario and tasked with writing a response using at least three of six or seven short accompanying sources for support.
• Rhetorical analysis essay: Asks you to analyze the techniques an author uses, and discuss how they contribute to the author’s purpose.
• Argument essay: Presents a claim or assertion in the prompt and then asks you to argue a position based on your own knowledge, experience, or reading.

How to Interpret AP English Language Scores

AP scores are reported from 1 to 5. Colleges are generally looking for a 4 or 5 on the AP English Language exam, but some may grant AP credit for a 3. Each test is curved so scores vary from year to year. Here’s how AP English Lang students scored on the May 2022 test:

Source: College Board

How can I prepare?

AP classes are great, but for many students they’re not enough! For a thorough review of AP English Language content and strategy, pick the AP prep option that works best for your goals and learning style.

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The 2023 AP® Lang FRQ Questions Were Just Released: Now what?

Written by Katie Upton

At the end of each year, AP teachers patiently wait for College Board to release the free response questions from each exam, and AP Lang teachers are no different . . . except that we may be just a little impatient. AP Lang teachers are giddy about FRQ prompts because they’re like the magical unicorn of assessments. They help students sprout critical thinking and writing skills, simulate real-life writing adventures, unleash creativity, align with the curriculum, and even sprinkle some professional development fairy dust. It’s like a joyride on a rainbow of learning. Luckily, College Board does make any teacher wait too long to see the FRQs, and this year, AP Lang teachers have two sets of FRQs to study. If you haven’t seen the 2023 AP Lang FRQ prompts yet, you can find them here and here .

Why are these past Free Response Questions valuable?

1. Opportunity for Skill Development: FRQ prompts in AP Lang are designed to assess students’ ability to analyze and respond to complex texts effectively. These prompts often require students to engage in critical thinking, close reading, and argumentation. Teachers see these prompts as valuable opportunities for students to develop and refine their analytical and communication skills.

2. Authentic Assessment: FRQ prompts in AP Lang aim to simulate real-world writing tasks, such as persuasive essays, argumentative analysis, or rhetorical analysis. We can appreciate the authenticity of these prompts, as they reflect the kind of writing tasks students may encounter in college or professional settings. They believe that tackling these prompts prepares students for future academic and professional endeavors.

3. Creativity and Flexibility: AP Lang FRQ prompts often allow room for students to demonstrate their creativity and originality in crafting their responses. The prompts may be open-ended, requiring students to form and support their own arguments or interpretations. Teachers enjoy seeing the diverse range of responses students generate, as it showcases their unique perspectives and writing styles.

4. Curriculum Alignment: AP Lang teachers invest significant time and effort in designing their curricula to align with the AP course framework. They appreciate FRQ prompts that align with the skills and content they have covered throughout the year. Well-aligned prompts allow teachers to gauge the effectiveness of their instruction and provide valuable feedback to students.

5. Professional Development: Engaging with FRQ prompts offers teachers an opportunity for professional development. By analyzing and discussing the prompts with colleagues, attending workshops, or reviewing scoring guidelines, teachers can deepen their understanding of the skills assessed and enhance their instructional strategies. This ongoing professional growth benefits both teachers and their students. In a few months, College Board will release a High, Medium, and Low scoring essays for each prompt, which provides great insight for both teachers and students. 

Overall, AP Lang teachers view FRQ prompts as valuable tools for assessing and fostering students’ critical thinking, writing, and analytical skills. The prompts offer opportunities for students to showcase their abilities in authentic and creative ways, while also facilitating professional development for teachers. They provide us a glimpse into the mind of College Board so we can prepare appropriately for the exam each year. 

Let’s take a look at the first set of Free Response Questions for the 2023 AP Lang Exam. 

Question 1: The Synthesis Essay

Historically, this essay has earned the highest global average score. However with the new 6-point rubric that was introduced in 2019, the global average scores for both the synthesis essay and the rhetorical analysis have hovered around 3.56. Remember, we want students to score 4 or higher on the 6-point rubrics, so we have some work to do! 

2023 Free Response Question #1 Prompt

Urban rewilding is an effort to restore natural ecological processes and habitats in city environments. Many cities around the world have embraced rewilding as part of larger movements to promote ecological conservation and environmentally friendly design. Now, a movement to promote urban rewilding is beginning to take shape in the United States as well. 

Carefully read the six sources, including introductory information for each source. Write an essay that synthesis material from at least three of the sources and develops your position on the extent to which rewilding initiatives are worthwhile for urban communities to pursue.

After looking at this prompt, there is a lot to consider before moving into analyzing the sources, and we certainly want to unpack the prompt because there is helpful information within it such as: 

• The definition of urban rewilding 
• A brief summarization of the benefits of urban rewilding 

Often, the introductory paragraph includes information from multiple perspectives; however, this one does not, so students will have to closely examine the sources. 

Now, let’s review the sources: 

Source A: this infographic includes statistical evidence that supports how urban rewilding can improve our global environment and was published by a credible source in 2021. 

Source B: The excerpt introduces rewilding as a powerful concept in conservation that combines passion for nature with ecological science. It outlines seven principles guiding rewilding, including restoring natural processes, embracing a gradated approach, and creating self-sustaining ecosystems. Rewilding aims to reconnect policy with public sentiment and allows for interpretation based on local traditions and landscapes.

Source C: The excerpt highlights a keynote speech by Dr. Scott Sampson, emphasizing the importance of reconnecting children with nature and promoting urban rewilding. Dr. Scott discusses the decline in outdoor experiences for today’s youth and suggests that urban rewilding, starting with planting native plants, can help restore ecosystems and create a welcoming environment for nature in cities. The movement to rewild children aligns with pillars of conservation, health and wellness, and social equity. Dr. Scott encourages collaboration and big thinking to shape a successful and sustainable future for communities.

Source D: The excerpt discusses the challenges of implementing rewilding in urban areas of the United Kingdom. The author questions the feasibility of dedicating large urban spaces to rewilding due to space constraints and the need for compact urban development. Concerns include public perception, ecological limitations, and the condition of urban soils. The author suggests alternative approaches to urban nature conservation.

Source E: The graph, published by Sustainable Earth, suggests that more forest cover within urban areas may correlate to less depression, stress, and anxiety. 

Source F: The excerpt highlights the benefits of urban rewilding, such as reducing air pollution, urban overheating, and noise pollution. It mentions the creation of green corridors and linear parks in cities like New York and Madrid. Singapore’s approach to incorporating nature in urban design is also mentioned, including landscape replacement policies and park connectors.

Students must determine the extent to which rewilding initiatives are worthwhile for urban communities to pursue; therefore, they must first develop their stance. Some teachers direct students to develop their stances before reading the sources while others suggest developing them after. We say – students should do whatever makes them feel most confident! Most importantly, students must utilize at least three of the six sources, and it is important that they synthesize the sources with the body paragraphs; they should avoid incorporating only one source in each body paragraph.

When developing a position for the synthesis prompt, students must consider the multiple perspectives and nuances involved around the topic which could help them in both Row B and Row C of the rubric. 

Now, let’s take a look at my approach to this prompt: 

Thesis Statement:  Urban rewilding initiatives are essential for promoting environmental sustainability, enhancing well-being, and fostering a deeper connection with nature.

Remember, there are many different ways that students can develop the synthesis essay, and this “extent to which” prompt allows for students to qualify their stances in a variety of ways. Most importantly, students must remember to use three sources, develop a line of reasoning by situating the supporting claims and evidence intentionally. Now, let’s move on to rhetorical analysis. 

Question 2: The Rhetorical Analysis 

2023 Free Response Question #2 Prompt

Michelle Obama was the First Lady of the United States during the presidential administration of her husband, Barack Obama (2009–2017). During that administration, she led programs including the Reach Higher Initiative, which encourages students to continue their education after high school. One way it does so is by supporting high school counselors’ efforts to get students into college. On January 6, 2017, Obama gave her final speech as First Lady at an event honoring outstanding school counselors. The following passage is an excerpt from that speech. Read the passage carefully. Write an essay that analyzes the rhetorical choices Obama makes to convey her message about her expectations and hope for young people in the United States.

When dissecting the rhetorical analysis prompt, students must look for the elements of the rhetorical situation. Below, I have identified those elements: 

Remember, the rhetorical situation information that is included in the prompt is imperative to the analysis. Students must include this information in the commentary, drawing connections between the rhetorical choices and the rhetorical situation to illustrate how the writer’s choice illustrates their understanding of the audience’s beliefs, values, and/or needs. 

As students analyze the passage, they will look for specific choices that exhibit those connections. Below are some of the most effective choices that they could examine. 

1. Inclusive language: Obama uses inclusive language throughout her speech to address a diverse audience and emphasize unity. She refers to “young people in this room and those who are watching” (line 5) and states that the country belongs to “all of you, from every background and walk of life” (lines 7-8). This inclusive language appeals to individuals of different backgrounds, faiths, and creeds.

2. Personal anecdotes: Obama shares personal anecdotes to connect with the audience and make her message relatable. She discusses her own experiences and those of her husband, illustrating how they overcame obstacles and achieved success through hard work and education. By sharing these stories, she inspires the audience and encourages them to believe in their own potential.

3. Repetition : The use of repetition is a prominent rhetorical choice in Obama’s speech. She repeatedly emphasizes the importance of hope as a driving force for progress. Phrases such as “the power of hope” and “the belief in the power of hope” (lines 61-62) are repeated throughout the speech, reinforcing the central theme and encouraging the audience to maintain their aspirations.

4. Appeals to shared values: Obama appeals to shared values to unite the audience and emphasize the importance of certain ideals. She highlights the values of justice, compassion, honesty, and religious diversity, stating that these values are taught by different religions and should be practiced with pride (lines 22-26). By appealing to shared values, she encourages the audience to embrace diversity and work towards a common goal.

5. Call to action: Throughout her speech, Obama issues a call to action, urging the young people to prepare themselves for active participation in society. She encourages them to be informed, engaged citizens who uphold American values, contribute to their communities, and pursue education to attain a better future. This call to action inspires the audience to take responsibility and make a positive impact in their own lives and society.

These are just a few of the rhetorical choices that Michelle Obama employs in her speech to effectively convey her message and engage the audience. If students are concerned about “naming” rhetorical strategies, it is important to remind them to identify text evidence that they can analyze in relationship to the rhetorical situation. 

Finally, let’s look at the argument prompt. 

Question 3: The Argument Essay

2023 Free Response Question #3 Prompt

In a 2016 interview published in the Los Angeles Review of Books , Maxine Hong Kingston, an award-winning writer famous for her novels depicting the experiences of Chinese immigrants in the United States, stated: “I think that individual voices are not as strong as a community of voices. If we can make a community of voices, then we can speak more truth.” 

Write an essay that argues your position on the extent to which Kingston’s claim about the importance of creating a community of voices is valid.

After looking at this prompt, there is a lot to consider before developing a stance. The students must consider the different stakeholders and perspectives related to this prompt, and we certainly want to unpack the prompt because there is helpful information within it such as: 

• Elie Wiesel 
• Nelson Mandela 
• Malala Yousafzai 
• Martin Luther King Jr
• Ceasar Chavez
• Berta Cáceres
• Barack Obama 
• Winston Churchill
• Mahatma Gandhi
• The Civil Rights Movement
• MeToo Movement
• Marriage Equality
•  Environmental Activism
• Online Communities and Social Media

Once students have considered the stakeholders and ensure that they have evidence to support multiple positions, they should develop their stance, discerning the multiple supporting claims and evidence that could create the strongest line of reasoning. In analyzing Maxine Hong Kingston’s claim about the importance of creating a community of voices, there are different stances a student could take:

1. Strongly Agree: This stance asserts that Kingston’s claim is entirely valid and holds significant weight. It argues that individual voices, while important, lack the collective power and impact that a community of voices can have in speaking the truth. It emphasizes the need for unity, solidarity, and shared experiences to effectively challenge dominant narratives and effect societal change.

2. Agree with Qualification: This stance acknowledges the validity of Kingston’s claim but suggests that there may be some situations where individual voices can still carry substantial strength. It recognizes the value of diverse perspectives and the ability of individuals to make an impact through their unique experiences. However, it ultimately supports the idea that a community of voices has a greater potential to generate comprehensive understanding and challenge systemic barriers.

3. Disagree with Qualification: This stance challenges Kingston’s claim, asserting that individual voices can be just as potent as a community of voices. It argues that individual perspectives carry their own unique strengths and can make significant contributions to truth-telling and social change. It acknowledges the importance of collaboration and collective action but emphasizes the power of individual agency and the ability to challenge narratives from a personal standpoint.

4. Strongly Disagree: This stance rejects Kingston’s claim entirely, arguing that individual voices hold more power and authenticity compared to a community of voices. It suggests that collective voices might dilute the truth by prioritizing consensus or compromising individual perspectives. This stance might emphasize the strength of individual expression and the potential for transformative change that arises from independent voices.

The stances presented here are not exhaustive, and there can be variations or combinations of these positions based on the writer’s perspective and interpretation of Kingston’s claim. Again, students must determine which stance they can defend with multiple claims pieces of evidence. 

Let’s take a look at the second set of Free Response Questions for the 2023 AP Lang Exam. 

Vertical farms are indoor agricultural facilities in which plants are grown, often in a hydroponic (soilless) environment, on tall stacks of shelves. Plants are given water, nutrients, and light mostly through automated processes. Advocates say that vertical farms are key to providing food for the future, yielding high-quality produce while making efficient use of land and water. Critics warn about the energy consumption associated with vertical farms’ automated processes as well as problems related to cost and nutritional value.

Carefully read the following six sources, including the introductory information for each source. Write an essay that synthesizes material from at least three of the sources and develops your position on the value, if any, of vertical farms to the future of agriculture.

Analyzing the prompt:

The prompt introduces the concept of vertical farms, which are indoor agricultural facilities that use stacked shelves to grow plants in a soilless environment. It highlights the benefits of vertical farms, such as the ability to provide high-quality produce while maximizing land and water efficiency. However, it also acknowledges the criticisms regarding energy consumption, cost, and nutritional value associated with vertical farming.

The task is to write an essay that synthesizes information from at least three sources and formulates a position on the value, if any, of vertical farms to the future of agriculture. This requires examining the arguments presented by both advocates and critics of vertical farming and developing a stance based on the evidence provided.

In the essay, it is important to consider the advantages of vertical farms, such as their potential to address food security challenges and optimize resource utilization. Simultaneously, the concerns raised by critics should be analyzed, including the energy requirements and the potential drawbacks in terms of cost and nutritional content.

Source A: This source discusses the emergence of high-tech hydroponic farms, including a large greenhouse and a vertical farm. These farms utilize advanced technology to create precise growing conditions and customize flavors and textures of produce. They aim to address climate change and vulnerabilities in the food supply chain. However, critics raise concerns about the long-term health impacts and the ability to replicate the taste and nutritional value of organic farming.

Source B: This interview discusses the advantages of vertical farming, including the ability to grow crops indoors year-round, easy access to fresher produce, and efficient use of land. The limitations of vertical farming are the reliance on artificial light sources and energy-intensive HVAC systems. Lettuce and leafy greens are currently the most popular crops for vertical farming, while small fruits and fruiting vegetables are being investigated. Vertical farming is also being explored for its potential in space missions, with NASA and the USDA conducting research on crop production in controlled environments.

Source C: This table, published in a book on vertical farming, compares four types of plant production systems based on their stability, controllability, vulnerability of yield and quality, initial investment, and yield. Open fields have low stability and controllability, while vertical farms have high controllability but low stability. Greenhouses with hydroponics offer relatively low vulnerability and high controllability of the root zone. Vertical farms require extremely high initial investment but yield high results.

Source D: The excerpt raises concerns about vertical farms, emphasizing their high costs, expensive food prices, and significant energy consumption. It questions the need for indoor farming and argues against using renewable energy to replace natural sunlight.

Source E: Vertical farming aims to increase agricultural land by constructing multi-level buildings. It offers clean, green, and gourmet food production with year-round availability, reduced pesticide use, and minimal weather-related crop failures. Recycled water and nutrients enhance food security, while monitoring technologies detect pests and diseases. Consumer perception and labeling concerns exist, but growing conditions are similar to existing systems. The closed environment minimizes pollution.

Source F: This image suggests that, by 2050, we will not have enough arable land globally to feed the world’s population. 

Thesis Statement: Vertical farms have the potential to revolutionize future agriculture by addressing the challenges of food production, resource efficiency, and sustainability, despite concerns regarding energy consumption, cost, and nutritional value.

Below, I have outlined a few sample body paragraphs that effectively synthesize multiple sources from the packet.

I would argue that it is difficult to take any stance other than a qualifying one, but that is a challenging tasks for student. Make sure to encourage them to take these kinds of risks with prompts in your classroom to help them prepare for a prompt such as this one.  Now, let’s move on to rhetorical analysis. 

On May 21, 2016, the poet Rita Dove delivered a commencement address to graduating students at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville, where she was a professor of English at the time. Dove received a Pulitzer Prize for her poetry and served as the United States poet laureate from 1993 to 1995. She also writes in a variety of genres including fiction and drama. The following is an excerpt from her speech. Read the passage carefully. Write an essay that analyzes the rhetorical choices Dove makes to convey her message about what she wishes for her audience of graduating students.

• The prompt presents various elements of the rhetorical situation surrounding Rita Dove’s commencement address. These elements include the time and place of the speech, Dove’s background and credentials as a poet and professor of English at the University of Virginia, her recognition as a Pulitzer Prize winner and former U.S. poet laureate, and her experience in writing across different genres. 
• The time and place of the speech, May 21, 2016, at the University of Virginia, indicate that Dove’s address is specifically tailored to the graduating students of that particular year. This temporal and spatial setting suggests a sense of relevance and immediacy, as Dove’s words are meant to resonate with the students on the cusp of embarking on their post-graduation journeys.
• Dove’s background as a renowned poet, professor, and former poet laureate lends her credibility and establishes her ethos as a speaker. Her Pulitzer Prize recognition further enhances her authority and expertise in the field of poetry. Additionally, mentioning her versatility in writing across genres highlights her breadth of knowledge and creativity, which can potentially inform her rhetorical choices in the address.

Considering the elements of the rhetorical situation, Dove’s rhetorical choices can be analyzed in relation to her message and wishes for the graduating students. Examining her use of language, tone, structure, and appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos can provide insights into how she seeks to connect with the audience and convey her desired message effectively.

Overall, understanding the rhetorical situation helps frame the analysis of Dove’s choices, allowing for a deeper exploration of how her background, the occasion, and the audience’s context may have influenced her rhetorical strategies and contributed to the overall impact of her address.

As students analyze the passage, they will look for specific choices that exhibit those connections. Below are some of the most effective choices that they could examine.

Analyzing Dove’s Line of Reasoning 

• She begins by acknowledging the traditional role of a commencement speaker in giving life advice.
• Dove highlights the limitations of generic advice in a broad commencement setting.
•  She argues that effective advice must be specific, which is impossible to achieve in this context.
• Dove strategically shifts her speech to offer wishes instead of advice.
• By reframing her message as wishes, she creates a more personal and relatable tone. 
• The use of personal anecdotes and references strengthens her line of reason.
• Dove shares stories from her own life, such as her journey as a shy student and her achievements as a poet.
• These anecdotes serve as evidence to support her wishes and provide relatable examples for the graduating students.

– Overall, Dove’s line of reason is logical and persuasive, engaging the audience on a personal level.

In a 2018 interview about the importance of collaboration, then United States Representative Carlos Curbelo stated: “If you’re trying to convince someone that they need to get involved in an issue or perhaps change their thinking on an issue, trying to scare them is not always effective and can actually sow 1 resentment.”

Write an essay that argues your position on the extent to which Curbelo’s claim about persuading others is valid.

The given prompt presents an opportunity to analyze and evaluate Carlos Curbelo’s claim regarding the effectiveness of using fear as a persuasive tactic when trying to engage others in an issue or change their perspective. To formulate a well-rounded essay on the validity of Curbelo’s statement, students must consider various perspectives and examples that support or challenge his assertion. 

• Firstly, it is essential to delve into the context of Curbelo’s claim. As a former United States Representative, Curbelo likely encountered numerous situations where he had to engage with individuals who held differing opinions or were resistant to change. His statement suggests that relying solely on fear tactics to persuade others can be counterproductive, leading to resentment rather than fostering collaboration.
• To argue the extent to which Curbelo’s claim is valid, it is important to present both supporting and opposing viewpoints. A student could explore instances where fear has been successfully employed as a persuasive strategy, highlighting its ability to elicit action or mobilize individuals. For example, in public health campaigns, fear appeals have been used to raise awareness about the consequences of smoking or reckless driving, leading to behavior change in some cases.
• However, it is crucial to balance this perspective with counterarguments. Curbelo’s claim aligns with research and psychological studies that suggest fear-based tactics may trigger defensive reactions, such as denial or resentment, ultimately hindering productive dialogue. When individuals feel attacked or overwhelmed by fear-inducing messages, they may become less open to considering alternative viewpoints or engaging in constructive conversations.
• To further analyze the validity of Curbelo’s claim, a student can explore real-life examples and case studies. Instances where fear tactics have backfired and resulted in increased resistance or polarization could be examined. This could include political campaigns or advocacy efforts where fear-based messaging led to heightened divisiveness or the entrenchment of existing beliefs.
• Additionally, students can consider alternative approaches to persuasion that prioritize empathy, shared values, and open dialogue. Building trust, establishing common ground, and fostering understanding are often more effective methods of engaging others and inspiring genuine change. By exploring these alternative strategies, the essay can provide a comprehensive evaluation of Curbelo’s claim.

Evaluating the extent to which Carlos Curbelo’s claim about the effectiveness of fear as a persuasive tactic is valid requires a thoughtful analysis of various perspectives and examples. While fear can sometimes prompt action, it is crucial to consider its potential negative consequences, such as resentment and resistance. By considering both supporting and opposing viewpoints, as well as real-life examples, the essay can present a nuanced evaluation of Curbelo’s claim and provide insights into more effective approaches to persuasion.

That’s a wrap, folks!

In a nutshell, using those previously released AP Lang tests is a total game-changer for teachers and students. It’s like having the ultimate cheat code to ace the exam! These tests give teachers the inside scoop on the format, offer legit practice opportunities, and help hone those essential skills. So, buckle up and tap into the treasure trove of past exams. Get ready to rock the AP Lang course like a boss and unlock your students’ full linguistic potential. It’s time to level up!

Katie Upton has been teaching English courses for 15 years, helping students become college and career ready. She is an expert in AP ® Language and Composition and a leader of the AP ® Capstone program, and has led professional development as well, helping teachers blend 21st century learning with educational practices that have stood the test of time. A former basketball coach herself, Katie spends her free time cheering on her two boys in all that they do and supporting her husband, a head girls’ basketball coach.

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How to Write the AP Lang Argument Essay (With Example)

December 14, 2023

We’d like to let you in on a little secret: no one, including us, enjoys writing timed essays. But a little practice goes a long way. If you want to head into your AP English Exam with a cool head, you’ll want to know what you’re getting into ahead of time. We can’t promise the AP Lang Argument Essay will ever feel like an island vacation, but we do have tons of hand tips and tricks (plus a sample essay!) below to help you do your best. This article will cover: 1) What is the AP Lang Argumentative Essay? 2) AP Lang Argument Rubric 3) AP Lang Argument Sample Prompt 4) AP Lang Argument Essay Example 5) AP Lang Argument Essay Example: Answer Breakdown.

What is the AP Lang Argument Essay?

The AP Lang Argument Essay is one of three essays included in the written portion of the AP English Exam. The full AP English Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes long, with the first 60 minutes dedicated to multiple-choice questions. Once you complete the multiple-choice section, you move on to three equally weighted essays that ask you to synthesize, analyze, and interpret texts and develop well-reasoned arguments. The three essays include:

Synthesis essay: You’ll review various pieces of evidence and then write an essay that synthesizes (aka combines and interprets) the evidence and presents a clear argument. Read our write-up on How to Write the AP Lang Synthesis Essay here.

Argumentative essay: You’ll take a stance on a specific topic and argue your case.

Rhetorical essay: You’ll read a provided passage, then analyze the author’s rhetorical choices and develop an argument that explains why the author made those rhetorical choices. Read our write-up on How to Write the AP Lang Rhetorical Essay here.

AP Lang Argument Essay Rubric

The AP Lang Argument Essay is graded on 3 rubric categories : Thesis, Evidence and Commentary, and Sophistication . How can you make sure you cover all three bases in your essay? We’ll break down each rubric category with dos and don’ts below:

• Thesis (0-1 point)

When it comes to grading your thesis, AP Exam graders are checking off a box: you either have a clear thesis or you don’t. So, what crucial components of a thesis will get you your check mark?

• Make sure your thesis argues something . To satisfy your graders, your thesis needs to take a clear stance on the issue at hand.
• Include your thesis statement in your intro paragraph. The AP Lang Argumentative essay is just that: an essay that makes an argument, so make sure you present your argument right away at the end of your first paragraph.
• A good test to see if you have a thesis that makes an argument for your AP Lang Argumentative Essay: In your head, add the phrase “I agree/disagree that…” to the beginning of your thesis. If what follows doesn’t logically flow after that phrase (aka if what follows isn’t an agreement or disagreement), it’s likely you’re not making an argument.
• In your thesis, outline the evidence you’ll cover in your body paragraphs.

AP Lang Argument Essay Rubric (Continued)

• Avoid a thesis that merely restates the prompt.
• Avoid a thesis that summarizes the text but does not make an argument.
• Avoid a thesis that weighs the pros and cons of an issue. Your job in your thesis is to pick a side and stick with it.
• Evidence and Commentary (0-4 points)

This rubric category is graded on a scale of 0-4 where 4 is the highest grade. Unlike the rhetorical and synthesis essays, the evidence you need to write your AP Lang Argument Essay is not provided to you. Rather, you’ll need to generate your own evidence and comment upon it.

What counts as evidence?

Typically, the AP Lang Argument Essay prompt asks you to reflect on a broad cultural, moral, or social issue that is open to debate. For evidence, you won’t be asked to memorize and cite statistics or facts. Rather, you’ll want to bring in real-world examples of:

• Historical events
• Current-day events from the news
• Personal anecdotes

For this essay, your graders know that you’re not able to do research to find the perfect evidence. What’s most important is that you find evidence that logically supports your argument.

What is commentary?

In this essay, it’s important to do more than just provide examples relevant evidence. After each piece of evidence you include, you’ll need to explain why it’s significant and how it connects to your main argument. The analysis you include after your evidence is commentary .

• Take a minute to brainstorm evidence that logically supports your argument. If you have to go out of your way to find the connection, it’s better to think of different evidence.
• Include multiple pieces of evidence. There is no magic number, but do make sure you incorporate more than a couple pieces of evidence that support your argument.
• Make sure you include more than one example of evidence, too. Let’s say you’re working on an essay that argues that people are always stronger together than apart. You’ve already included an example from history: during the civil rights era, protestors staged group sit-ins as a powerful form of peaceful protest. That’s just one example, and it’s hard to make a credible argument with just one piece of evidence. To fix that issue, think of additional examples from history, current events, or personal experience that are not related to the civil rights era.
• After you include each piece of evidence, explain why it’s significant and how it connects to your main argument.
• Don’t summarize or speak generally about the topic. Everything you write must be backed up with specific and relevant evidence and examples.
• Don’t let quotes speak for themselves. After every piece of evidence you include, make sure to explain and connect the evidence to your overarching argument.

AP Lang Argument Essay (Continued)

• Sophistication (0-1 point)

According to the College Board , one point can be awarded to AP Lang Argument essays that achieve a high level of sophistication. You can accomplish that in four ways:

• Crafting a nuanced argument by consistently identifying and exploring complexities or tensions.
• Articulating the implications or limitations of an argument by situating it within a broader context.
• Making effective rhetorical choices that consistently strengthen the force and impact of the student’s argument.
• Employing a style that is consistently vivid and persuasive.

In sum, this means you can earn an additional point for going above and beyond in depth, complexity of thought, or by writing an especially persuasive, clear, and well-structured essay. In order to earn this point, you’ll first need to do a good job with the fundamentals: your thesis, evidence, and commentary. Then, to earn your sophistication point, follow these tips:

• Outline your essay before you begin to ensure it flows in a clear and cohesive way.
• Include well-rounded evidence. Don’t rely entirely on personal anecdotes, for example. Incorporate examples from current events or history, as well.
• Thoroughly explain how each piece of evidence connects to your thesis in order to fully develop your argument.
• Explore broader implications. If what you’re arguing is true, what does that mean to us today? Who is impacted by this issue? What real-world issues are relevant to this core issue?
• Briefly explore the other side of the issue. Are the instances where your argument might not be true? Acknowledge the other side, then return to proving your original argument.
• Steer clear of generalizations (avoid words like “always” and “everyone”).
• Don’t choose an argument you can’t back up with relevant examples.
• Avoid complex sentences and fancy vocabulary words unless you use them often. Long, clunky sentences with imprecisely used words are hard to follow.

AP Lang Argument Sample Prompt

The sample prompt below is published online by the College Board and is a real example from the 2021 AP English Exam. The prompt provides background context, essay instructions, and the text you need to analyze.

Suggested time—40 minutes.

Many people spend long hours trying to achieve perfection in their personal or professional lives. Similarly, people often demand perfection from others, creating expectations that may be challenging to live up to. In contrast, some people think perfection is not attainable or desirable.

Write an essay that argues your position on the value of striving for perfection.

In your response you should do the following:

• Respond to the prompt with a thesis that presents a defensible position.
• Provide evidence to support your line of reasoning.
• Explain how the evidence supports your line of reasoning.
• Use appropriate grammar and punctuation in communicating your argument.

AP Lang Argument Essay Example

As the old phrase says, “Practice makes perfect.” But is perfection something that is actually attainable? Sometimes, pushing for perfection helps us achieve great things, but most often, perfectionism puts too much pressure on us and prevents us from knowing when we have done the best we can. Striving for perfection can only lead us to shortchange ourselves. Instead, we should value learning, growth, and creativity and not worry whether we are first or fifth best.

Students often feel the need to be perfect in their classes, and this can cause students to struggle or stop making an effort in class. In elementary and middle school, for example, I was very nervous about public speaking. When I had to give a speech, my voice would shake, and I would turn very red. My teachers always told me “relax!” and I got Bs on Cs on my speeches. As a result, I put more pressure on myself to do well, spending extra time making my speeches perfect and rehearsing late at night at home. But this pressure only made me more nervous, and I started getting stomach aches before speaking in public.

Once I got to high school, however, I started doing YouTube make-up tutorials with a friend. We made videos just for fun, and laughed when we made mistakes or said something silly. Only then, when I wasn’t striving to be perfect, did I get more comfortable with public speaking.

AP Lang Argumentative Essay Example (Continued)

In the world of art and business and science, perfectionism can also limit what we are able to achieve. Artists, for example, have to take risks and leave room for creativity. If artists strive for perfection, then they won’t be willing to fail at new experiments and their work will be less innovative and interesting. In business and science, many products, like penicillin for example, were discovered by accident. If the scientist who discovered penicillin mold growing on his petri dishes had gotten angry at his mistake and thrown the dishes away, he would never have discovered a medicine that is vital to us today.

Some fields do need to value perfection. We wouldn’t like it, for example, if our surgeon wasn’t striving for perfection during our operation. However, for most of us, perfectionism can limit our potential for learning and growth. Instead of trying to be perfect, we should strive to learn, innovate, and do our personal best.

AP Lang Argument Essay Example: Answer Breakdown

The sample AP Lang Argumentative Essay above has some strengths and some weaknesses. Overall, we would give this essay a 3 or a 4. Let’s break down what’s working and what could be improved:

• The essay offers a thesis that makes a clear argument that is relevant to the prompt: “Striving for perfection can only lead us to shortchange ourselves. Instead, we should value learning, growth, and creativity and not worry whether we are first or fifth best.”
• The first body paragraph provides evidence that supports the essay’s thesis. This student’s personal anecdote offers an example of a time when perfectionism led them to shortchange themselves.
• The second body paragraph provides additional evidence that supports the essay’s thesis. The example describing the discovery of penicillin offers another example of a situation in which perfectionism might have limited scientific progress.
• The writer offers commentary explaining how her examples of public speaking and penicillin illustrate that we should “value learning, growth, and creativity” over perfectionism.
• The essay follows one line of reasoning and does not stray into tangents.
• The essay is organized well with intro, body, and concluding paragraphs. Overall, it is easy to read and is free of grammar errors.

What could be improved:

• Although the second body paragraph provides one good specific example about the discovery of penicillin, the other examples it offers about art and business are only discussed generally and aren’t backed up with evidence. This paragraph would be stronger if it provided more examples. Or, if this writer couldn’t think of examples, they could have left out mentions of art and business altogether and included alternate evidence instead.
• This writer would more thoroughly support their argument if they were able to offer one more example of evidence. They could provide another personal anecdote, an example from history, or an example from current events.
• The writer briefly mentions the other side of the argument in their concluding paragraph: “Some fields do need to value perfection. We wouldn’t like it, for example, if our surgeon wasn’t striving for perfection during our operation.” Since it’s so brief a mention of the other side, it undermines the writer’s overall argument. This writer should either dedicate more time to reflecting on why even surgeons should “value learning, growth, and creativity” over perfectionism, or they should leave these sentences out.

AP Lang Argument Essay Example—More Resources

Looking for more tips to help you master your AP Lang Argumentative Essay? Brush up on 20 Rhetorical Devices High School Students Should Know and read our Tips for Improving Reading Comprehension .

If you’re ready to start studying for another part of the AP English Exam, find more expert tips in our How to Write the AP Lang Synthesis and How to Write the AP Lang Rhetorical Essay blog posts.

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Christina Wood

Christina Wood holds a BA in Literature & Writing from UC San Diego, an MFA in Creative Writing from Washington University in St. Louis, and is currently a Doctoral Candidate in English at the University of Georgia, where she teaches creative writing and first-year composition courses. Christina has published fiction and nonfiction in numerous publications, including The Paris Review , McSweeney’s , Granta , Virginia Quarterly Review , The Sewanee Review , Mississippi Review , and Puerto del Sol , among others. Her story “The Astronaut” won the 2018 Shirley Jackson Award for short fiction and received a “Distinguished Stories” mention in the 2019 Best American Short Stories anthology.

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2024 AP English Language and Composition Exam Guide

12 min read • august 18, 2023

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Review all units live with expert teachers & students

Your guide to the 2024 AP English Language and Composition exam

We know that studying for your AP exams can be stressful, but Fiveable has your back! We created a study plan to help you crush your AP English Language and Composition exam. This guide will continue to update with information about the 2024 exams, as well as helpful resources to help you do your best on test day.  Unlock Cram Mode  for access to our cram events—students who have successfully passed their AP exams will answer your questions and guide your last-minute studying LIVE! And don't miss out on unlimited access to our database of thousands of practice questions. FYI, something cool is coming your way Fall 2023! 👀

Format of the 2024 AP English Language and Composition exam

This year, all AP exams will cover all units and essay types. The 2024 AP English Language and Composition exam format will be:

Section I: Multiple Choice - 45% of your score

45 questions in 1 hour

Section II: Free Response Section - 55% of your score

2 hours and 15 minutes for:

1 synthesis essay

1 rhetorical analysis essay

1 argument essay

Scoring Rubric for the 2024 AP Lang Essays

Synthesis Essay

1 point for a defensible thesis that responds to the prompt

Evidence and Commentary

Max of 4 points for providing evidence from at least 3 sources that support the line of reasoning AND commentary that explains and analyzes the evidence

Sophistication

1 point any of the following:

Creating a nuanced argument

Showing the limitations of the argument

Making effective rhetorical choices

Employing a style that is vivid and persuasive

Rhetorical Analysis Essay

1 point for a defensible thesis that analyzes rhetorical choices

Max of 4 points for providing specific evidence AND consistently explaining how the evidence relates to the line of reasoning AND showing how the rhetorical choices contribute to the author's message .

1 point for any of the following:

Explaining the significance of the rhetorical choices ( rhetorical situation )

Explaining the complexities of the passage and their purpose

Argument Essay

1 point for a defensible thesis

Max of 4 points for providing specific evidence AND consistently explaining the relevance of that evidence .

Crafting a nuanced argument by identifying complexities

Explaining the limitations of the argument by placing it in a broader context

Making rhetorical choices to improve the argument

Check out our study plan below to find resources and tools to prepare for your AP English Language and Composition exam.

When is the 2024 AP English Language and Composition Exam and How Do I Take It?

How should i prepare for the ap lang exam.

First, take stock of your progress in the course so far. What areas have you excelled and which sections need more focus? Download the AP English Language Cheatsheet PDF - a single sheet that covers everything you need to know at a high level. Take note of your strengths and weaknesses!

Build your study plan to review every unit and question type, but focus most on the areas that need the most improvement and practice. We’ve put together this plan to help you study between now and May. This will cover all of the units and essay types to prepare you for your exam

Practice essays are your best friends! The more essays you write, the more automatic the process will come, and the easier the AP exam will be!

Try some of the past exam questions here

We've put together the study plan found below to help you study between now and May. This will cover all of the units and essay types to prepare you for your exam. Pay special attention to the units that you need the most improvement in.

Study, practice, and review for test day with other students during our live cram sessions via  Cram Mode . Cram live streams will teach, review, and practice important topics from AP courses, college admission tests, and college admission topics. These streams are hosted by experienced students who know what you need to succeed.

Pre-Work: Set Up Your Study Environment

Before you begin studying, take some time to get organized.

🖥 Create a study space.

Make sure you have a designated place at home to study. Somewhere you can keep all of your materials, where you can focus on learning, and where you are comfortable. Spend some time prepping the space with everything you need and you can even let others in the family know that this is your study space. 

📚 Organize your study materials.

Get your notebook, textbook, prep books, or whatever other physical materials you have. Also, create a space for you to keep track of review. Start a new section in your notebook to take notes or start a Google Doc to keep track of your notes. Get yourself set up!

📅 Plan designated times for studying.

The hardest part about studying from home is sticking to a routine. Decide on one hour every day that you can dedicate to studying. This can be any time of the day, whatever works best for you. Set a timer on your phone for that time and really try to stick to it. The routine will help you stay on track.

🏆 Decide on an accountability plan.

How will you hold yourself accountable to this study plan? You may or may not have a teacher or rules set up to help you stay on track, so you need to set some for yourself. First, set your goal. This could be studying for x number of hours or getting through a unit. Then, create a reward for yourself. If you reach your goal, then x. This will help stay focused!

🤝 Get support from your peers.  

There are thousands of students all over the world who are preparing for their AP exams just like you! Join  Rooms  🤝 to chat, ask questions, and meet other students who are also studying for the spring exams. You can even build study groups and review material together! 

2024 AP Lang Study Guide

🚧 unit 1 foundations of rhetoric: analysis of the rhetorical situation and claims ., big takeaways:.

Unit 1 is an introductory unit that lays the foundations for the reading skills associated with how to understand and analyze complex texts. Skills here include identifying the ASPECTS of a text, analyzing the claim given and the evidence used to support that claim, and determining the function of the “chunks” in the argument. Because the content in this unit is very foundational, it is looped throughout the rest of the course instruction.

Definitely do this:

📚 Read these study guides:

Unit 1 Overview: Claims , Reasoning , and Evidence

1.1 Identifying the purpose and intended audience of a text

1.2 Examining how evidence supports a claim

1.3 Developing paragraphs as part of an effective argument

🎥 Watch these videos:

College Board’s Instructional Video: Overview of The Rhetorical Situation .

Fiveable’s How to Read Like an AP Student .

Rhetorical Analysis Thesis Statements  

Rhetorical Analysis Body Paragraphs

✍️ Practice:

Use the Fiveable ASPECTS Guidesheet to help you break down a complex text.

🗺 Can you identify these rhetorical devices?

You won’t be asked to name drop on the exam, but it can be helpful to use devices when discussing strategies. Try this Quizlet to help prepare.

Unit 2 Foundations of Argument: Analysis of an author’s choices in appeals and evidence

Unit 2 is an introductory unit that builds onto the foundations of rhetorical ASPECTS and moves toward planning and writing your own arguments. This unit focuses on the relationships between subject, speaker, and message, including examination of the structure and purpose of the given argument. The unit then moves into the developing thesis statements and building your own arguments with a clear line of reasoning .

Unit 2 Overview: Organizing Information for a Specific Audience

2.1 Analyzing audience and its relationship to the purpose of an argument

2.2 Building an argument with relevant and strategic evidence

2.3 Developing thesis statements

2.4 Developing structure and integrating evidence to reflect a line of reasoning

College Board’s Instructional Video: Identify Rhetorical Situation in a Pre 20th Century Text .

Fiveable’s video on How to Find Rhetorical Devices  

📰 Check out these articles:

Here’s a list of recommended rhetorical devices with definitions and examples!

Use the Fiveable Rhetorical Precis Guidesheet to help you break down a complex text.

🗺 Can you identify these elements of practical argument?

You won’t be asked to name drop of the exam, but it can be helpful to use devices when discussing strategies. Try this Quizlet to help prepare.

👥 Unit 3 Confluence: Synthesis of multiple sources in argumentation

Unit 3 approaches multiple perspectives in argument through the lens of synthesis (that’s FRQ 1). In this study, you learn to identify effective and faulty reasoning while integrating a variety of evidence from credible resources that is properly cited in an original text.

Unit 3 Overview: Perspectives and How Arguments Relate

3.1 Interpreting character description and perspective

3.2 Identifying and avoiding flawed lines of reasoning

3.3 Introducing and integrating sources and evidence

3.4 Using sufficient evidence for an argument

3.5 Attributing and citing references

3.6 Developing parts of a text with cause-effect and narrative methods

Fiveable’s Introduction into Synthesis Essays and How to Begin Your Argument

College Board’s Instructional Video: Complexity in Argument .

🗺 Can you identify these elements of synthesis?

👀 Unit 4 Reasoning : Analysis of argument from introduction to conclusion

Unit 4 includes a greater depth of focus on the writing of effective arguments -- the line of reasoning created in the introduction, built with modes of discourse, and strengthened in the conclusion. An important note about these skills of argumentation is that they build toward all parts of every FRQ. 

Unit 4 Overview: How writers develop arguments, intros, and conclusion

4.1 Developing and connecting thesis statements and lines of reasoning

4.2 Developing introductions and conclusions

4.3 Adjusting an argument to address new evidence

College Board’s Instructional Video: Understanding a Line of Reasoning .

Fiveable’s Effective Annotations .

Try Fiveable’s Guide to LOR Body Paragraphs .

🗺 Can you identify the rhetorical modes?

You won’t be asked to name drop them on the exam, but it can be helpful to use devices when discussing strategies. Try this Quizlet to help prepare.

🧐 Unit 5 Commentary and Analysis: Analysis of complex argument and intentional rhetoric

In Unit 5, the skills look at the minutiae involved in argumentation: development of the line of reasoning that produces strong commentary and maintains the primary claim through all parts of the writing. To achieve these goals, this unit includes a focus on transitions , modifiers , and qualifications for argumentative perspective .  

Unit 5 Overview

5.1 Maintaining ideas throughout an argument

5.2 Developing commentary throughout paragraphs

5.3 Using modifiers to qualify an argument and convey perspective

5.4 Using transitions

Fiveable’s video on How to Improve Analysis Part 1 and Part 2

As well as how to Embed Quotes into Body Paragraphs  

Rhetorical Analysis Body Paragraphs  

Synthesis Essay Body Paragraphs  

Argument Essay Body Paragraphs

Tara Seale’s adaptation for Creating a Line of Reasoning .

🏃‍♂️ Unit 6 Rhetorical Risks: Analysis of multiple perspectives , bias , and shifts with new evidence

In Unit 6, you will notice a direct link building on the ideas of Unit 3 as this instruction looks at position and perspectives while synthesizing information strategically to support a claim.  For greater depth, this unit moves to modify a current argument to include new evidence .

Unit 6 Overview: Position, Perspective , and Bias

6.1 Incorporating multiple perspectives strategically into an argument

6.2 Recognizing and accounting for bias

6.3 Adjusting an argument to new evidence

6.4 Analyzing tone and shifts in tone

College Board’s Instructional Video: Creating a Nuanced Argument .

Fiveable’s video on Tracking an Author’s Argument  

🚀 Unit 7 Complex Argumentation: Analysis of effective arguments, including concession and refutation

The skills of Unit 7 are about putting all units of study together to look at the complexity of a given argument and the effectiveness of the pieces built into that argument.  Though many teachers will have addressed counterarguments, concessions, and refutations before reaching this unit, those skills are highly scrutinized in this segment of learning.

Unit 7 Overview: Successful and Unsuccessful Arguments

7.1 Examining complexities in issues

7.2 Considering how words, phrases, and clauses can modify and limit an argument

7.3 Examining how counterargument or alternative perspectives affect an argument

7.4 Exploring how sentence development affects an argument

Fiveable’s video on Arguments and Counterarguments  

College Board’s Instructional Video: How Argument Demonstrates Understanding .

Check your progress with Fiveable’s AP Language Skills Matrix .

📝 Unit 8 Style: Analysis of how style influences the audience movement

Unit 8 covers how to understand the influence style has on the audience , and the purpose behind each decision. By analyzing these various tactics, students are able to understand the author’s audience , and how to effectively persuade them. Style is an important part in connecting the rest of the course and understanding how the rhetorical choices and devices are used to accomplish a purpose .

Unit 8 Overview: Stylistic Choices

8.1 Choosing comparisons based on an audience

8.2 Considering how sentence development and word choice affect how the writer is perceived by an audience

8.3 Considering how all choices made in an argument affect the audience

8.4 Considering how style affects an argument

Fiveable’s Analysis of the Mindset of the Audience

College Board’s Instructional video: Analyzing and Understanding the Audience

College Board’s explanation of Elements and Context for Style  

Review this quizlet on Elements of Style for more practice.

✏️ Unit 9 Craft: Creation of your own complex argument with synthesis and rhetoric

The final unit of AP Language and Composition covers how to effectively form your own arguments by acknowledging and understanding complexities to create a nuanced and sophisticated argument. It focuses on your ability to comprehend and connect multiple sources to create a well reasoned, and detailed argument as well as how to add in your own rhetorical devices and choices to make your writing more persuasive and effective.

Unit 9 Overview: Developing a Complex Argument

9.1 Strategically conceding, rebutting, or refuting information

9.2 Crafting an argument through stylistic choices like word choice and description

Fiveable’s video on Creating your own Synthesis Arguments

College Board’s video on Complexities within Arguments and How to Create a Nuanced Argument

Key Terms to Review ( 38 )

Argument Structure

Author's Message

Cause-Effect Method

Comparisons

Conclusions

Counterargument

Introductions

Line of Reasoning

Multiple Perspectives

Narrative Method

Objective Reasoning

Perspective

Qualifications

Rhetorical Choices

Rhetorical Situation

Sentence Development

Stylistic Choices

Subjective Reasoning

Textual Evidence

Thesis Development

Thesis Statement

Tone Shifts

Transitions

Word Choice

Stay Connected

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AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.

Tools & Calculators

Ap® english language score calculator.

• The Albert Team
• Last Updated On: January 29, 2024

If you’re looking for an AP® English Language score calculator, you’ve come to the right place. This interactive widget helps you see how you might do on the exam.

Need extra help in preparing for AP® English Language? Check out our AP® English Language section for tons of review articles or explore The Best AP® English Language Review Guide for 2022 .

If you’re an educator interested in boosting your AP® English Language student outcomes, l et us know and we’ll tell you how you can get started on Albert for free!

How are you projecting the scoring curve?

At this time, the College Board has not officially released a scoring worksheet that reflects the latest changes in AP® English Language. In order to create our projected curve, what we have done is taken the relative percentages of the MCQ and FRQ as well as the point values of each question as outlined In the scoring guidelines released for 2020 here .

AP® English Language

Enter your scores.

Section I: Multiple-Choice: Reading

Section II: Free Response - Q1 - Synthesis

Section II: Free Response - Q2 - Rhetorical Analysis

Section II: Free Response - Q3 - Argument

Section I: Multiple-Choice

Section II: Free Response - Question 1

Section II: Free Response - Question 2

Section II: Free Response - Question 3

Choose your score curve

2020 2007 2001

Looking for AP® English Language study materials? 

Also, check out this reference for the best AP® English Language review books .

What is a good AP® English Language score?

Scoring a 3, 4, or 5 on any AP® exam is generally considered good. Typically, a 3 is defined as ‘qualified,’ 4 as ‘well qualified,’ and a 5 as ‘extremely well qualified.’ Most colleges and universities have well-established AP® Credit Policies for students that score in these ranges. If you are curious in learning more about what credits you can earn at each respective school, go  here .

When considering how you scored on your AP® English Language exam, you should do so within the context of the exam test takers. For AP® English Language, 62.1% of overall test takers scored a 3 or higher in 2020. This information can be found in the latest student score distributions here .

What is the average AP English Language score?

Since there is a new group of test takers every year, the average AP® English Language score changes. However, generally speaking the College Board strives to keep a relatively consistent distribution for each subject. We recommend you think about the average AP® English Language score by considering a multi-year trend. For example, if you reference the AP® Student Score Distributions released by the College Board, the mean AP® English Language score was 2.79 in 2014, 2.79 in 2015, 2.82 in 2016, 2.77 in 2017, 2.83 in 2018, 2.78 in 2019 and 2.96 in 2020. Thus, if you took the raw average of these seven years, the average AP® English Language score is 2.82.

Why are AP® English Language scores curved?

The College Board curves AP® exams so that a consistent standard can be achieved every year, despite the different sample of test takers. AP® courses are college-level classes, so the way the exams are scored are reflected to account for the difficulty of these courses.

How do I get a 5 on AP® English Language?

While we all wish we could get 5 on AP® English Language, only 10.7% of test takers did so in 2016. In preparing for AP® English Language, there is no secret to scoring a 5 aside from practicing deliberately, learning by doing, and forming great study habits. English exams from the College Board ask students to be able to demonstrate comprehension of diverse texts, analyze individual texts in isolation, synthesize information from many texts, and form well-rounded arguments.

The Albert blog is home to many free review articles and study guides for AP® English Language. Here are a few that we recommend for you to read today:

• How to Study for AP® English Language
• Is AP® English Language Hard?
• The Ultimate List of AP® English Language Tips
• The Ultimate SOAPSTONE Analysis Guide for AP® Exams
• Understanding the AP® English Language Argument Rubric

Looking for practice questions? Albert features  hundreds of AP-aligned AP® English Language practice questions and free response questions for you to study as you prepare for your AP® exam. Use Albert to study at your own convenience. Deliberate practice works! Students who used Albert for AP® English Language have beat the national pass rates by 13.61%.

Why should I use this AP® English Language score calculator?

Albert’s AP® English Language score calculator references the previously released scoring worksheets from the College Board, making it the most accurate and up-to-date. We encourage you to use score calculators as a way to motivate yourself when you’re preparing for your AP® exams. Understanding the number of MCQ and FRQ points you’ll need to pass the AP® English Language can help you stress less on the big day.

Looking for AP® English Language practice?

Kickstart your AP® English Language prep with Albert. Start your AP® exam prep today .

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AP SSC 10th Result 2024 out: Check pass percentage, grading system, supplementary exam and more

AP SSC 10th Result 2024 pass-percentage

Visual stories.

The Economic Times daily newspaper is available online now.

Manabadi ap ssc 10th results 2024: check andhra toppers list, their marks, school and districts and re-verification dates.

BSEAP has released Manabadi AP SSC Class 10 Result on April 22, 2024. Over 6.3 lakh students appeared, needing 35 marks to pass. Supplementary exams available for failing students. Education Minister announces details on April 22.

AP SSC Result 2024 and pass rates

Pass percentages by medium, school stats, analysis of subject-wise performance, application dates for re-counting and re-verification, ap ssc 10th results 2024 released: how to download marksheet, grading system and passing marks, supplementary exam provision, insights from manabadi ap ssc result 2023, read more news on.

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Stock Radar: 100% rally in 1 year! This renewable energy stock hits multi-year high in April

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AP SSC 10th Results 2024 : Check Last 5 Years Pass Percentages

Published By : Sukanya Nandy

Trending Desk

Last Updated: April 22, 2024, 11:36 IST

New Delhi, India

The Manabadi AP SSC exams 2024 were held from March 18 to 30 (Representative image)

AP SSC 10th Result 2024: Last year, the results were announced on May 6. The overall pass rate for AP SSC Result last year stood at 72.26 per cent

The Board of Secondary Education of Andhra Pradesh (BSEAP) will announce the Andhra Pradesh Class 10 (AP SSC Result 2024) result today at 11 am. Around 6.3 lakhs students appeared for the Class 10 examination this year which was held from March 18 to March 30. All candidates who have appeared for the exam this year can check their results on the official website of BSEAP at bse.ap.gov.in once it gets released.

AP SSC 10th Result 2024 Pass Percentage

Manabadi 10th Results 2024: A total of 86.69% of the students who took the exam passed this year ( 2024 ).

Last year, the results were announced on May 6 on the official website. Along with the results, the AP SSC 2023 result passing percentage was also revealed. The overall pass rate for AP SSC Result last year stood at 72.26 per cent. Girls outperformed boys with a pass percentage of 75.38 per cent, while 69.27 per cent boys cleared the exam in 2023.

Talking about the 2022 results, in that year, the overall passing rate for AP SSC Result was 67.26 per cent. Around 4,14,281 students out of 6,15,908 who appeared for the exams managed to pass. In 2022 too, girls outshined boys with a passing percentage of 70.70 per cent, while 64.02 per cent boys passed that year.

In 2021 , for the first time, Andhra Board recorded an overall passing percentage at 100 per cent. Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic situation, all the 6.29 lakh students that year were declared pass.

The previous year, 2020 , also saw all students promoted without any exams due to the pandemic and hence, the overall passing percentage marked 100 per cent.

In 2019 , the overall passing percentage of the AP SSC Result was 94.88 per cent with girls slightly outshining boys at 95.09 per cent. Meanwhile, 94.68 per cent boys cleared the exams.

Other than the official website, candidates can check their AP SSC 2024 Results via SMS and third-party portals including Kaizala Mobile App, APCM connects, AP Fiber TV, People’s First Mobile App, and DigiLocker website and mobile app.

• AP SSC Result
• board exams 2024

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Today, we’re excited to share the first two models of the next generation of Llama, Meta Llama 3, available for broad use. This release features pretrained and instruction-fine-tuned language models with 8B and 70B parameters that can support a broad range of use cases. This next generation of Llama demonstrates state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of industry benchmarks and offers new capabilities, including improved reasoning. We believe these are the best open source models of their class, period. In support of our longstanding open approach, we’re putting Llama 3 in the hands of the community. We want to kickstart the next wave of innovation in AI across the stack—from applications to developer tools to evals to inference optimizations and more. We can’t wait to see what you build and look forward to your feedback.

Our goals for Llama 3

With Llama 3, we set out to build the best open models that are on par with the best proprietary models available today. We wanted to address developer feedback to increase the overall helpfulness of Llama 3 and are doing so while continuing to play a leading role on responsible use and deployment of LLMs. We are embracing the open source ethos of releasing early and often to enable the community to get access to these models while they are still in development. The text-based models we are releasing today are the first in the Llama 3 collection of models. Our goal in the near future is to make Llama 3 multilingual and multimodal, have longer context, and continue to improve overall performance across core LLM capabilities such as reasoning and coding.

State-of-the-art performance

Our new 8B and 70B parameter Llama 3 models are a major leap over Llama 2 and establish a new state-of-the-art for LLM models at those scales. Thanks to improvements in pretraining and post-training, our pretrained and instruction-fine-tuned models are the best models existing today at the 8B and 70B parameter scale. Improvements in our post-training procedures substantially reduced false refusal rates, improved alignment, and increased diversity in model responses. We also saw greatly improved capabilities like reasoning, code generation, and instruction following making Llama 3 more steerable.

*Please see evaluation details for setting and parameters with which these evaluations are calculated.

In the development of Llama 3, we looked at model performance on standard benchmarks and also sought to optimize for performance for real-world scenarios. To this end, we developed a new high-quality human evaluation set. This evaluation set contains 1,800 prompts that cover 12 key use cases: asking for advice, brainstorming, classification, closed question answering, coding, creative writing, extraction, inhabiting a character/persona, open question answering, reasoning, rewriting, and summarization. To prevent accidental overfitting of our models on this evaluation set, even our own modeling teams do not have access to it. The chart below shows aggregated results of our human evaluations across of these categories and prompts against Claude Sonnet, Mistral Medium, and GPT-3.5.

Preference rankings by human annotators based on this evaluation set highlight the strong performance of our 70B instruction-following model compared to competing models of comparable size in real-world scenarios.

Our pretrained model also establishes a new state-of-the-art for LLM models at those scales.

To develop a great language model, we believe it’s important to innovate, scale, and optimize for simplicity. We adopted this design philosophy throughout the Llama 3 project with a focus on four key ingredients: the model architecture, the pretraining data, scaling up pretraining, and instruction fine-tuning.

Model architecture

In line with our design philosophy, we opted for a relatively standard decoder-only transformer architecture in Llama 3. Compared to Llama 2, we made several key improvements. Llama 3 uses a tokenizer with a vocabulary of 128K tokens that encodes language much more efficiently, which leads to substantially improved model performance. To improve the inference efficiency of Llama 3 models, we’ve adopted grouped query attention (GQA) across both the 8B and 70B sizes. We trained the models on sequences of 8,192 tokens, using a mask to ensure self-attention does not cross document boundaries.

Training data

To train the best language model, the curation of a large, high-quality training dataset is paramount. In line with our design principles, we invested heavily in pretraining data. Llama 3 is pretrained on over 15T tokens that were all collected from publicly available sources. Our training dataset is seven times larger than that used for Llama 2, and it includes four times more code. To prepare for upcoming multilingual use cases, over 5% of the Llama 3 pretraining dataset consists of high-quality non-English data that covers over 30 languages. However, we do not expect the same level of performance in these languages as in English.

To ensure Llama 3 is trained on data of the highest quality, we developed a series of data-filtering pipelines. These pipelines include using heuristic filters, NSFW filters, semantic deduplication approaches, and text classifiers to predict data quality. We found that previous generations of Llama are surprisingly good at identifying high-quality data, hence we used Llama 2 to generate the training data for the text-quality classifiers that are powering Llama 3.

We also performed extensive experiments to evaluate the best ways of mixing data from different sources in our final pretraining dataset. These experiments enabled us to select a data mix that ensures that Llama 3 performs well across use cases including trivia questions, STEM, coding, historical knowledge, etc.

Scaling up pretraining

To effectively leverage our pretraining data in Llama 3 models, we put substantial effort into scaling up pretraining. Specifically, we have developed a series of detailed scaling laws for downstream benchmark evaluations. These scaling laws enable us to select an optimal data mix and to make informed decisions on how to best use our training compute. Importantly, scaling laws allow us to predict the performance of our largest models on key tasks (for example, code generation as evaluated on the HumanEval benchmark—see above) before we actually train the models. This helps us ensure strong performance of our final models across a variety of use cases and capabilities.

We made several new observations on scaling behavior during the development of Llama 3. For example, while the Chinchilla-optimal amount of training compute for an 8B parameter model corresponds to ~200B tokens, we found that model performance continues to improve even after the model is trained on two orders of magnitude more data. Both our 8B and 70B parameter models continued to improve log-linearly after we trained them on up to 15T tokens. Larger models can match the performance of these smaller models with less training compute, but smaller models are generally preferred because they are much more efficient during inference.

To train our largest Llama 3 models, we combined three types of parallelization: data parallelization, model parallelization, and pipeline parallelization. Our most efficient implementation achieves a compute utilization of over 400 TFLOPS per GPU when trained on 16K GPUs simultaneously. We performed training runs on two custom-built 24K GPU clusters . To maximize GPU uptime, we developed an advanced new training stack that automates error detection, handling, and maintenance. We also greatly improved our hardware reliability and detection mechanisms for silent data corruption, and we developed new scalable storage systems that reduce overheads of checkpointing and rollback. Those improvements resulted in an overall effective training time of more than 95%. Combined, these improvements increased the efficiency of Llama 3 training by ~three times compared to Llama 2.

Instruction fine-tuning

To fully unlock the potential of our pretrained models in chat use cases, we innovated on our approach to instruction-tuning as well. Our approach to post-training is a combination of supervised fine-tuning (SFT), rejection sampling, proximal policy optimization (PPO), and direct preference optimization (DPO). The quality of the prompts that are used in SFT and the preference rankings that are used in PPO and DPO has an outsized influence on the performance of aligned models. Some of our biggest improvements in model quality came from carefully curating this data and performing multiple rounds of quality assurance on annotations provided by human annotators.

Learning from preference rankings via PPO and DPO also greatly improved the performance of Llama 3 on reasoning and coding tasks. We found that if you ask a model a reasoning question that it struggles to answer, the model will sometimes produce the right reasoning trace: The model knows how to produce the right answer, but it does not know how to select it. Training on preference rankings enables the model to learn how to select it.

Building with Llama 3

Our vision is to enable developers to customize Llama 3 to support relevant use cases and to make it easier to adopt best practices and improve the open ecosystem. With this release, we’re providing new trust and safety tools including updated components with both Llama Guard 2 and Cybersec Eval 2, and the introduction of Code Shield—an inference time guardrail for filtering insecure code produced by LLMs.

We’ve also co-developed Llama 3 with torchtune , the new PyTorch-native library for easily authoring, fine-tuning, and experimenting with LLMs. torchtune provides memory efficient and hackable training recipes written entirely in PyTorch. The library is integrated with popular platforms such as Hugging Face, Weights & Biases, and EleutherAI and even supports Executorch for enabling efficient inference to be run on a wide variety of mobile and edge devices. For everything from prompt engineering to using Llama 3 with LangChain we have a comprehensive getting started guide and takes you from downloading Llama 3 all the way to deployment at scale within your generative AI application.

A system-level approach to responsibility

We have designed Llama 3 models to be maximally helpful while ensuring an industry leading approach to responsibly deploying them. To achieve this, we have adopted a new, system-level approach to the responsible development and deployment of Llama. We envision Llama models as part of a broader system that puts the developer in the driver’s seat. Llama models will serve as a foundational piece of a system that developers design with their unique end goals in mind.

Instruction fine-tuning also plays a major role in ensuring the safety of our models. Our instruction-fine-tuned models have been red-teamed (tested) for safety through internal and external efforts. ​​Our red teaming approach leverages human experts and automation methods to generate adversarial prompts that try to elicit problematic responses. For instance, we apply comprehensive testing to assess risks of misuse related to Chemical, Biological, Cyber Security, and other risk areas. All of these efforts are iterative and used to inform safety fine-tuning of the models being released. You can read more about our efforts in the model card .

Llama Guard models are meant to be a foundation for prompt and response safety and can easily be fine-tuned to create a new taxonomy depending on application needs. As a starting point, the new Llama Guard 2 uses the recently announced MLCommons taxonomy, in an effort to support the emergence of industry standards in this important area. Additionally, CyberSecEval 2 expands on its predecessor by adding measures of an LLM’s propensity to allow for abuse of its code interpreter, offensive cybersecurity capabilities, and susceptibility to prompt injection attacks (learn more in our technical paper ). Finally, we’re introducing Code Shield which adds support for inference-time filtering of insecure code produced by LLMs. This offers mitigation of risks around insecure code suggestions, code interpreter abuse prevention, and secure command execution.

With the speed at which the generative AI space is moving, we believe an open approach is an important way to bring the ecosystem together and mitigate these potential harms. As part of that, we’re updating our Responsible Use Guide (RUG) that provides a comprehensive guide to responsible development with LLMs. As we outlined in the RUG, we recommend that all inputs and outputs be checked and filtered in accordance with content guidelines appropriate to the application. Additionally, many cloud service providers offer content moderation APIs and other tools for responsible deployment, and we encourage developers to also consider using these options.

Deploying Llama 3 at scale

Llama 3 will soon be available on all major platforms including cloud providers, model API providers, and much more. Llama 3 will be everywhere .

Our benchmarks show the tokenizer offers improved token efficiency, yielding up to 15% fewer tokens compared to Llama 2. Also, Group Query Attention (GQA) now has been added to Llama 3 8B as well. As a result, we observed that despite the model having 1B more parameters compared to Llama 2 7B, the improved tokenizer efficiency and GQA contribute to maintaining the inference efficiency on par with Llama 2 7B.

For examples of how to leverage all of these capabilities, check out Llama Recipes which contains all of our open source code that can be leveraged for everything from fine-tuning to deployment to model evaluation.

What’s next for Llama 3?

The Llama 3 8B and 70B models mark the beginning of what we plan to release for Llama 3. And there’s a lot more to come.

Our largest models are over 400B parameters and, while these models are still training, our team is excited about how they’re trending. Over the coming months, we’ll release multiple models with new capabilities including multimodality, the ability to converse in multiple languages, a much longer context window, and stronger overall capabilities. We will also publish a detailed research paper once we are done training Llama 3.

To give you a sneak preview for where these models are today as they continue training, we thought we could share some snapshots of how our largest LLM model is trending. Please note that this data is based on an early checkpoint of Llama 3 that is still training and these capabilities are not supported as part of the models released today.

We’re committed to the continued growth and development of an open AI ecosystem for releasing our models responsibly. We have long believed that openness leads to better, safer products, faster innovation, and a healthier overall market. This is good for Meta, and it is good for society. We’re taking a community-first approach with Llama 3, and starting today, these models are available on the leading cloud, hosting, and hardware platforms with many more to come.

Try Meta Llama 3 today

We’ve integrated our latest models into Meta AI, which we believe is the world’s leading AI assistant. It’s now built with Llama 3 technology and it’s available in more countries across our apps.

You can use Meta AI on Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Messenger, and the web to get things done, learn, create, and connect with the things that matter to you. You can read more about the Meta AI experience here .

Visit the Llama 3 website to download the models and reference the Getting Started Guide for the latest list of all available platforms.

You’ll also soon be able to test multimodal Meta AI on our Ray-Ban Meta smart glasses.

As always, we look forward to seeing all the amazing products and experiences you will build with Meta Llama 3.

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