the constitution of india essay in english

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Essay on Indian Constitution in 100, 250, and 350 words

Updated on
Jan 3, 2024

The constitution of India was written and adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 but it became effective on 26th January 1950. It is a set of rules and regulations that guide the administration of the country. It is the backbone of every democratic and secular fabric of the nation. The Indian Constitution is the longest in the world and describes the framework for political principles, procedures and powers of the government. This is just a brief paragraph on the Indian constitution, we have provided samples of essay on Indian Constitution. Let’s explore them!

Table of Contents

1 Essay on Indian Constitution in 100 words
2 Essay on Indian Constitution in 250 words
3 Essay on Indian Constitution in 350 words
4 Indian Constitution Defines the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Indian Citizens
5 The Constitution Defines the Structure and Working of the Government
6 Conclusion

Learn more about the Making of Indian Constitution

Essay on Indian Constitution in 100 words

The Indian Constitution became effective on the 26th of January 1950 although the Constituent Assembly adopted it on the 26th of November 1949. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee that wrote it. Hence, it was the longest-written constitution of India and provides a detailed account of the fundamental rights and duties of the citizens of India. The original constitution of India is the lengthiest in the world and is hand-written and calligraphed. It is the supreme law of India that is drafted by the Constituent Assembly which is even superior to the Parliament. After the constitution came into effect, the status of India changed from “Dominion of India” to “Republic of India”. Hence, 26th January is celebrated as The Republic Day of India.

Essay on Indian Constitution in 250 words

The Indian Constitution was drafted under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar who is known as the ‘Father of Indian Constitution’. It took almost 3 years to draft the same. Various aspects of the society such as economic, socio-political, etc were taken into consideration while drafting the constitution. While drafting the Indian Constitution, the drafting committee took into consideration various constitutions of other countries such as France, Japan and Britain to seek valuable insights.

The Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Indian Citizens, the Directive Principles of State Policy and the Federal Structure of the Government of India, all were included in the Indian Constitution. Every policy, duty and right has been explained at length in the Indian Constitution hence making it the lengthiest written constitution in the world.

There were more than 2000 amendments that had to be made to the Indian Constitution to get it approved. The same was adopted on November 26th, 1949 and was enforced on January 26th, 1950. From that day onwards, the status of India changed from “Dominion of India” to “Republic of India”. And that is why since then, 26th January is celebrated as the Republic Day. On this occasion, the National Flag of India is hoisted at various places across the nation and the National Anthem is sung to rejoice the day. There is a special day that is dedicated to the Indian Constitution known as the ‘National Constitution Day’ that came into existence in 2015.

Essay on Indian Constitution in 350 words

The Indian Constitution is the supreme document that gives a very detailed account of what the citizens of India can and also cannot do. It has been set up as a standard that needs to be followed to ensure law and order in society and also to help it develop and prosper.

Indian Constitution Defines the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Indian Citizens

The duties and the Fundamental Rights of the Indian citizens have been clearly stated and defined in the Constitution of India. The Fundamental Rights include:

The Right to Equality
The Right to Freedom
The Right to Freedom of Religion
Cultural and Educational Rights
Right Against Exploitation
Right to Constitutional Remedies

These are the basic rights and all the citizens across the country are entitled to the same irrespective of their colour, caste, creed, or religion.

Fundamental Duties of the Indian CItizens that are included in the Indian Constitution are:-

Respecting the Constitution of India
To always honour the National Anthem and the National Flag
To protect the unity
Preserving the heritage of the county
Protecting the integrity and sovereignty of India
Promoting the spirit of brotherhood
To have compassion for living creatures
To strive for excellence
To protect public property and contribute your bit to maintaining peace

These are also mentioned in detail in the Indian Constitution.

The Constitution Defines the Structure and Working of the Government

The working of the Government as well as its structure is also mentioned in detail in the Indian Constitution. The Indian Constitution mentions that India has a parliamentary system of government that is present at the centre as well as in states. The power to take major decisions lies with the Prime Minister and the Union Council of Ministers. The president of India on the other hand, has nominal powers.

Deepansh Gautam

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Constitution of India Essay

The constitution of India became effective on 26 th January 1950; though it was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 th November 1949. It was written by a drafting committee headed by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. It is the longest written constitution that defines the power, procedures and responsibilities of the government institutions of India and gives detailed account of the fundamental rights and duties of the citizens of our country.

The original Indian Constitution is hand written, calligraphed and also the lengthiest Constitution in the world. The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India drafted by the Constituent Assembly, superior even to the Parliament, as it cannot over rides it. With the Constitution coming into effect, India’s status from “Dominion of India” was changed to the “Republic of India”.

Long and Short Essay on Constitution of India in English

Here are long and short essay on Constitution of India to help you with the topic in your exam.

After going through the Constitution of India essay you will know about the features of Constitution, who was in the drafting committee of the constitution, which other constitutions is the Indian constitution inspired from, how long does it took to draft the Constitution, and other facts of the Constitution of India.

You can use these essays in your school’s essay writing competition, debate competition or other similar events.

Short Essay on Constitution of India (200 words)

The Constitution of India was drafted under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar who is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution. It took almost three years to draft the Constitution. Various socio-political and economic aspects of the society were taken into consideration while drafting the Constitution. The drafting committee also referred to the Constitutions of various other counties including Britain, France and Japan to seek valuable inputs.

The Constitution of India includes the Fundamental Rights and Duties of the citizens, the Directive Principles of State Policy and the Federal Structure of the Government of India. Every policy, right and duty has been explained at length in the Indian Constitution thereby making it the longest written Constitution in the world.

More than 2000 amendments had to be made in the Constitution of India in order to get it approved. It was adopted on 26th November 1949 and was enforced completely on 26 th January 1950. This was the day when our country began to be known as the Republic of India. 26 th January is since then celebrated as the Republic Day. The Indian National Flag is hoisted at various places across the country and the National Anthem is sung to rejoice the day. National Constitution Day, a special day dedicated particularly to the Indian Constitution, came into being in 2015.

Essay on Importance of Constitution of India (300 words)

Introduction

The Constitution of India is known to be the supreme document that gives a detailed account of what the citizens of India can and cannot do. It has set a standard that needs to be followed to ensure law and order in the society and also to help it develop and prosper.

Constitution Defines the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Indian Citizens

The fundamental rights and duties of the Indian citizens have clearly been defined in the Constitution of the country. The Fundamental Rights of the Indian citizens include the Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, Right against Exploitation, Right to Constitutional Remedies. These are the basic rights that all the citizens of the country are entitled to irrespective of their caste, colour, creed or religion.

Some of the fundamental duties of an Indian citizen are to respect the constitution, honour the national flag and national anthem, protect the unity, preserve the heritage of the country, protect the integrity and sovereignty of India, promote the spirit of brotherhood, have compassion for living creatures, strive for excellence, protect public property and contribute his/ her bit in maintaining peace. These are also mentioned at length in the Indian Constitution.

Constitution Defines the Structure and Working of the Government

The structure and working of the government is also stated at length in the Constitution of India. The Constitution mentions that India has a parliamentary system of government. This system is present at the centre as well as in the states. The Prime Minister and the Union Council of Ministers have the power to take all the major decisions. The President of India, on the other hand, has nominal powers.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar along with his team of six members who were a part of the drafting committee came up with the Constitution of India. The Constitution was approved after several amendments. Many amendments have also been done after the enforcement of the Constitution.

Essay on Formation of Constitution of India (400 words)

The Constitution of India came into form on 26 th November 1949. A special committee was formed to draft the Constitution that gives a detailed account of the practices that are deemed lawful and those deemed unlawful and are punishable. The Constitution was enforced on 26 th January 1950. With the enforcement of the Constitution, our country came to be known as the Republic of India.

Special Drafting Committee for the Constitution of India

The task of drafting the Constitution of India was that of great responsibility. The Constituent Assembly set up a special drafting committee to further this work. There were seven members in the drafting committee. These included prominent Indian leaders namely, B.R. Ambedkar, B.L. Mitter, K.M. Munshi, N. Gopalaswami Ayengar, Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar, DP and Mohammad Saadullah. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee. Ambedkar is referred to as the Father of the Indian Constitution. This is because it was under his guidance and supervision that this big draft came into form.

Indian Constitution – Inspired by Constitutions of Other Countries

The constitution of India drew inspiration from the constitutions of various other countries. Many of the concepts and acts included in our constitution are borrowed from the constitutions of countries such as France, Germany, Japan, Australia, USA, Britain, Ireland, Russia and South Africa.

The drafting committee of the Indian Constitution also referred to the Government of India Act 1858, the Government of India Act 1919 and 1935 and the Indian Independence Act 1947 to get an idea about the acts and features to be included in the Constitution. These previous acts helped the committee understand the condition and requirement of the citizens of the country. Our Constitution is thus often referred to as the bag of borrowings. It consisted of as many as 395 articles, 22 parts and 8 schedules at the time of its enactment. It was handwritten and calligraphed.

After putting in immense efforts when the drafting committee presented the final draft of the Constitution of India, it was suggested to make several amendments. The committee sat together to make more than 2000 amendments to get the Constitution approved. The members conducted several discussions to make appropriate amendments for getting the approval. 284 members of the Constituent Assembly of India signed the Constitution to give their approval on the same. This was done two days before the enforcement of the constitution.

The Constitution of India is a massive piece of writing that includes a detailed account of the dos and don’ts for the Indian system. It has undergone around 100 amendments since it came into form.

Essay on Constitution of India (500 words)

Constitution of India – The Supreme Power of Country

The Constitution of India is rightly said to be the supreme power of the country. The laws, codes, rights and duties mentioned in the Indian Constitution need to be followed strictly by the citizens of the country. The decisions made in the parliament and Supreme Court of India are all based on the laws and codes defined in the Constitution of India. Parliament of India does not have the power to override the constitution.

Dr. B. R Ambedkar – The Chief Architect of Indian Constitution

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee formed to write the Constitution of India. He was the chairman of this committee. He contributed immensely in the formation of the Constitution by giving several valuable inputs and thus came to be known as the chief architect of the Constitution of India. There were six other members in the drafting committee which was formed by the Constituent Assembly of India. These members worked under the guidance of Dr. Ambedkar.

Constitution of India Replaced Government of India Act

The Government of India Act, 1935 acted as the fundamental governing document of India until the formation of the Constitution of India. The Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution of India in November 1949. Many of the articles of the Constitution came into force at that time. The Constitution was effectively enforced on 26 th January 1950 which came to be known as the Indian Republic Day. The remaining articles became effective on this date. Our country which was until then called the Dominion of the British Crown thereafter came to be known as the Sovereign Democratic Republic of India.

Special Days to Celebrate the Constitution of India

Republic Day

The formation and enforcement of Indian Constitution is celebrated at a grand scale on the Republic Day each year. Republic Day is a national holiday in the country. A massive event is organized at India Gate, New Delhi on Republic Day to honour the Constitution of the country. The constitutional head of India, i.e., its president hoists national flag at Rajpath. The Prime Minister and President of India and several Chief Ministers of different states of the country are present at the event. Parades by school kids and armed forces are held on Rajpath. School children also perform dances and other cultural acts. Parade of beautiful tableau displaying the culture of various Indian states is also held during the event.

Several small events are organized at different offices and schools throughout the country to commemorate the Indian Constitution. Painting, essay and music competitions are held in schools and colleges. Patriotic songs are sung and speeches about the Constitution of India are delivered.

National Constitution Day

In the year 2015, Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, gave the suggestion to dedicate an exclusive day to our constitution. Since the Indian Constitution was adopted on 26 th November 1949, this date was chosen to honour the constitution. 26 th November is being celebrated as the National Constitution Day since 2015.

Many small and big events are organized in schools, colleges and government institutions across India on this day. The importance of the Indian Constitution is emphasized during these events. Patriotic songs are sung and cultural activities are organized to celebrate the day.

The Constitution of India has been prepared with precision considering the interest of the common man as well as the overall interest of the country. It is a gift for the citizens of our country.

Long Essay on Constitution of India (600 words)

Enforced on 26 th January 1950, the Constitution of India was prepared by a committee consisting of seven members headed by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. It guides the citizens of India, the country’s government bodies and other authorities to act in the right manner. It has played a significant role in maintaining peace and prosperity in the country.

Salient Features of the Constitution of India

Here are the top salient features of the constitution of India:

Longest Written Constitution

The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution in the world. It took almost three years to write this detailed constitution. It has a preamble, 448 articles, 25 groups, 12 schedules and 5 appendices. It is much lengthier than the US Constitution that includes only 7 Articles.

Amalgamation of Rigidity and Flexibility

The Constitution of India is a mix of rigidity and flexibility. While it is the supreme power that needs to be followed diligently to maintain law and order in the country, the citizens can appeal to amend the provisions they deem outdated or stern. While certain provisions can be amended with some difficulty others are easy to amend. As many as 103 amendments have been done in the Constitution of our country since its enforcement.

The Preamble

The well drafted Preamble of the Indian Constitution gives a detailed account of the philosophy of the constitution. It states that India is a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic. It is a welfare state which puts its people first. It believes in equality, freedom and justice for its people. While democratic socialism was followed right from the beginning, the term Socialism was added only in 1976.

India – A Secular State

The Constitution has declared India a secular state. India does not give special status to any religion. It provides its citizens complete freedom to choose their religion. It condemns religious groups instigating people in the name of religion.

India – A Republic

The Constitution declares India to be a Republic. The country is not ruled by a nominated head or monarch. It has an elected head called the President. The President, elected indirectly by the people of the country, comes to power for a period of 5 years.

India – A Mix of Federalism and Unitarianism

The Constitution describes India as a federal structure with many unitary features. It is referred to as a Quasi-Federation or a Unitarian Federation. Just like a federation, India has divided power among the centre and states. It has a dual administration system. It has a written, supreme constitution that needs to be followed religiously. It includes an independent judiciary embedded with the power to decide centre-state disputes. At the same time it has unitary features such as a strong common constitution, common election commission and emergency provisions to name a few.

Fundamental Duties of Citizens

The Constitution of India clearly states the fundamental duties of its citizens. Some of these are to upload and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India, respect the national flag and the national anthem, preserve the rich heritage of the country, protect the natural environment, safeguard public property and treat everyone equally.

Directive Principles of the State Policy

The Directive Principles of the State Policy are also mentioned in the Constitution of India. These principles are basically the guidelines provided to the state to further socio-economic development aims via its policies.

The Constitution of India serves as a guiding light for its citizens. Everything is well-defined in the Indian Constitution. It has helped India attain the status of a Republic. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and the members of the drafting committee of the Indian constitution have indeed done a commendable job for which they will always be remembered.

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Essay on Constitution of India in English for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Essay on Constitution of India: The constitution of India became effective on 26 th January 1950; though it was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 th November 1949. It was written by a drafting committee headed by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. Therefore it is the longest written constitution that defines the power, procedures and responsibilities of the government institutions of India and gives detailed account of the fundamental rights and duties of the citizens of our country.

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Long and Short Essay on Constitution of India in English

Here are long and short essay on Constitution of India to help you with the topic in your exam.

However you can use these essays in your school’s essay writing competition, debate competition or other similar events.

Short Essay on Constitution of India in 200 words

The Constitution of India drafted under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar who known as the Father of the Indian Constitution. It took almost three years to draft the Constitution. Various socio-political and economic aspects of the society were taken into consideration while drafting the Constitution. The drafting committee also referred to the Constitutions of various other counties including Britain, France and Japan to seek valuable inputs.

The Constitution of India includes the Fundamental Rights and Duties of the citizens, the Directive Principles of State Policy and the Federal Structure of the Government of India. Every policy, right and duty has explained at length in the Indian Constitution thereby making it the longest written Constitution in the world.

More than 2000 amendments had to made in the Constitution of India in order to get it approved. It was adopted on 26th November 1949 and enforced completely on 26 th January 1950. This was the day when our country began to be known as the Republic of India. 26 th January is since then celebrated as the Republic Day. The Indian National Flag is hoisted at various places across the country and the National Anthem is sung to rejoice the day. National Constitution Day, a special day dedicated particularly to the Indian Constitution, came into being in 2015.

Essay on Importance of Constitution of India in 300 words

The Constitution of India is known to the supreme document that gives a detailed account of what the citizens of India can and also cannot do. It has set a standard that needs to followed to ensure law and order in the society and also to help it develop and prosper.

Constitution Defines the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Indian Citizens

The fundamental rights and duties of the Indian citizens have clearly defined in the Constitution of the country. However the Fundamental Rights of the Indian citizens include the Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, Right against Exploitation, Right to Constitutional Remedies. Therefore these are the basic rights that all the citizens of the country entitled to irrespective of their caste, colour, creed or religion.

Some of the fundamental duties of an Indian citizen are to respect the constitution, honour the national flag and national anthem, protect the unity, preserve the heritage of the country, protect the integrity and sovereignty of India, promote the spirit of brotherhood, have compassion for living creatures, strive for excellence, protect public property and contribute his/ her bit in maintaining peace. These also mentioned at length in the Indian Constitution.

Constitution Defines the Structure and Working of the Government

The structure and working of the government also stated at length in the Constitution of India. The Constitution mentions that India has a parliamentary system of government. This system is present at the centre as well as in the states. The Prime Minister and the Union Council of Ministers have the power to take all the major decisions. The President of India, on the other hand, has nominal powers.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar along with his team of six members who were a part of the drafting committee came up with the Constitution of India. The Constitution approved after several amendments. Many amendments have also done after the enforcement of the Constitution.

Essay on Formation of Constitution of India in 400 words

The Constitution of India came into form on 26 th November 1949. A special committee formed to draft the Constitution that gives a detailed account of the practices that are deemed lawful and those deemed unlawful and are punishable. Therefore the Constitution was enforced on 26 th January 1950. With the enforcement of the Constitution, our country came to be known as the Republic of India.

Special Drafting Committee for the Constitution of India

The task of drafting the Constitution of India was that of great responsibility. The Constituent Assembly set up a special drafting committee to further this work. There were seven members in the drafting committee. These included prominent Indian leaders namely, B.R. Ambedkar, B.L. Mitter, K.M. Munshi, N. Gopalaswami Ayengar, Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar, DP and Mohammad Saadullah. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee. Ambedkar referred to as the Father of the Indian Constitution. This is because it was under his guidance and supervision that this big draft came into form.

Indian Constitution – Inspired by Constitutions of Other Countries

The constitution of India drew inspiration from the constitutions of various other countries. Many of the concepts and acts included in our constitution borrowed from the constitutions of countries such as France, Germany, Japan, Australia, USA, Britain, Ireland, Russia and South Africa.

The drafting committee of the Indian Constitution also referred to the Government of India Act 1858, the Government of India Act 1919 and 1935 and the Indian Independence Act 1947 to get an idea about the acts and features to be included in the Constitution. These previous acts helped the committee understand the condition and requirement of the citizens of the country. Our Constitution thus often referred to as the bag of borrowings. It consisted of as many as 395 articles, 22 parts and 8 schedules at the time of its enactment. It handwritten and calligraphed.

After putting in immense efforts when the drafting committee presented the final draft of the Constitution of India, it suggested to make several amendments. The committee sat together to make more than 2000 amendments to get the Constitution approved. The members conducted several discussions to make appropriate amendments for getting the approval. 284 members of the Constituent Assembly of India signed the Constitution to give their approval on the same. This done two days before the enforcement of the constitution.

The Constitution of India is a massive piece of writing that includes a detailed account of the dos and don’ts for the Indian system. It has undergone around 100 amendments since it came into form.

Essay on Constitution of India in 500 words

Constitution of india – the supreme power of country.

The Constitution of India rightly said to the supreme power of the country. The laws, codes, rights and duties mentioned in the Indian Constitution need to followed strictly by the citizens of the country. Therefore the decisions made in the parliament and Supreme Court of India are all based on the laws and codes defined in the Constitution of India. Parliament of India does not have the power to override the constitution.

Dr. B. R Ambedkar – The Chief Architect of Indian Constitution

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee formed to write the Constitution of India. He was the chairman of this committee. He contributed immensely in the formation of the Constitution by giving several valuable inputs and thus came to be known as the chief architect of the Constitution of India. There were six other members in the drafting committee which formed by the Constituent Assembly of India. These members worked under the guidance of Dr. Ambedkar.

Constitution of India Replaced Government of India Act

The Government of India Act, 1935 acted as the fundamental governing document of India until the formation of the Constitution of India. The Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution of India in November 1949. Many of the articles of the Constitution came into force at that time. The Constitution effectively enforced on 26 th January 1950 which came to known as the Indian Republic Day. The remaining articles became effective on this date. Our country which until then called the Dominion of the British Crown thereafter came to known as the Sovereign Democratic Republic of India.

Special Days to Celebrate the Constitution of India

The formation and enforcement of Indian Constitution celebrated at a grand scale on the Republic Day each year. Republic Day is a national holiday in the country. A massive event organized at India Gate, New Delhi on Republic Day to honour the Constitution of the country. The constitutional head of India, i.e., its president hoists national flag at Rajpath. The Prime Minister and President of India and several Chief Ministers of different states of the country are present at the event. Parades by school kids and armed forces held on Rajpath. School children also perform dances and other cultural acts. Parade of beautiful tableau displaying the culture of various Indian states also held during the event.

Several small events organized at different offices and schools throughout the country to commemorate the Indian Constitution. Painting, essay and music competitions held in schools in addition to colleges. Patriotic songs sung and aslo speeches about the Constitution of India delivered.

National Constitution Day

In the year 2015, Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, gave the suggestion to dedicate an exclusive day to our constitution. Since the Indian Constitution adopted on 26 th November 1949, this date chosen to honour the constitution. 26 th November celebrated as the National Constitution Day since 2015.

Many small and big events organized in schools, colleges and government institutions across India on this day. The importance of the Indian Constitution emphasized during these events. Patriotic songs sung and cultural activities organized to celebrate the day.

The Constitution of India has prepared with precision considering the interest of the common man as well as the overall interest of the country. It is a gift for the citizens of our country.

Long Essay on Constitution of India (600 words)

Introduction

Enforced on 26 th January 1950, the Constitution of India prepared by a committee consisting of seven members headed by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. It guides the citizens of India, the country’s government bodies and other authorities to act in the right manner. However it has played a significant role in maintaining peace and prosperity in the country.

Salient Features of the Constitution of India

Here are the top salient features of the constitution of India:

Longest Written Constitution

The Constitution of India the longest written constitution in the world. It took almost three years to write this detailed constitution. However it has a preamble, 448 articles, 25 groups, 12 schedules and 5 appendices. It is much lengthier than the US Constitution that includes only 7 Articles.

Amalgamation of Rigidity and Flexibility

The Constitution of India is a mix of rigidity and flexibility. While it is the supreme power that needs to followed diligently to maintain law and order in the country, the citizens can appeal to amend the provisions they deem outdated or stern. While certain provisions can amended with some difficulty others are easy to amend. As many as 103 amendments have done in the Constitution of our country since its enforcement.

The Preamble

The well drafted Preamble of the Indian Constitution gives a detailed account of the philosophy of the constitution. It states that India is a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic. It is a welfare state which puts its people first. However it believes in equality, freedom and justice for its people. While democratic socialism followed right from the beginning, the term Socialism added only in 1976.

India – A Secular State

The Constitution has declared India a secular state. Therefore India does not give special status to any religion. It provides its citizens complete freedom to choose their religion. It condemns religious groups instigating people in the name of religion.

India – A Republic

The Constitution declares India to be a Republic. Therefore the country not ruled by a nominated head or monarch. It has an elected head called the President. The President, elected indirectly by the people of the country, comes to power for a period of 5 years.

India – A Mix of Federalism and Unitarianism

The Constitution describes India as a federal structure with many unitary features. It referred to as a Quasi-Federation or a Unitarian Federation. Just like a federation, India has divided power among the centre and states. It has a dual administration system. It has a written, supreme constitution that needs to followed religiously. Therefore it includes an independent judiciary embedded with the power to decide centre-state disputes. At the same time it has unitary features such as a strong common constitution, common election commission and emergency provisions to name a few.

Fundamental Duties of Citizens

Directive Principles of the State Policy

The Directive Principles of the State Policy also mentioned in the Constitution of India. These principles are basically the guidelines provided to the state to further socio-economic development aims via its policies.

The Constitution of India serves as a guiding light for its citizens. Therefore everything well-defined in the Indian Constitution. It has helped India attain the status of a Republic. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and the members of the drafting committee of the Indian constitution have indeed done a commendable job for which they will always remembered.

Essay on Constitution of India FAQs

What is indian constitution short note.

The Indian Constitution is a written document that outlines the framework and rules for governing India. It defines the powers, duties, and responsibilities of the government and its citizens.

What is constitution in 100 words?

A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents that a state or organization is governed by. It outlines the structure of government, establishes rights and freedoms, and provides the framework for laws and institutions.

What is constitution 10 lines?

A constitution is a written document that sets the basic rules for governing a country. It defines the structure of the government, allocates powers among different entities, protects the rights of citizens, and establishes the legal framework for the nation.

What is the Constitution of India?

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the country. It lays down the framework that defines the political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of the government institutions, and sets out fundamental rights and duties of citizens.

Who started Constitution of India?

The drafting committee for the Constitution of India was chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. He played a pivotal role in shaping and finalizing the Constitution.

Essay on Constitution of India for Students and Children

500+ words essay on constitution of india.

The constitution of India came into force from 26 January. A special committee is gathered to draw and outline the constitution. The constitution gives all the details related to what is legal and what is illegal in the country. In addition, with the enforcement of the constitution, the Indian sub-continent become the Republic of India . Besides, the drafting committee consists of seven members that were supervised by B.R. Ambedkar. Moreover, the constitution helps in maintaining prosperity and peace in the country.

Salient Features of the Constitution

The list of salient features of the Indian constitution is very long and there are many uniqueness about it that you won’t find in any other countries constitution.

Longest Written Constitution

The first thing that makes the Indian constitution different is its length. The constitution of India contains a preamble, 448fourhundred, and forty-eight Articles, twenty-five groups, twelve Schedules, and five appendices. Moreover, it takes around 3 years to complete the draft of the constitution.

The Rigidity and Flexibility of the Indian Constitution

The constitution is hard as well as soft both at the same time. While on one side the supreme power needs to be followed carefully to maintain the law and order in the country, on the other side the citizen can appeal to amend the outdated provisions. But there are certain provisions that can be easily amended and there are some that take a lot of time and resources to amend. Furthermore, there have been more than 100 amendments in the constitution from the day of its enforcement.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

The original constitution does not have preamble but it was later on added to the constitution. Also, it gives a detailed account of the constitution’s philosophy. The preamble states that India is a Socialist, Secular, Sovereign, and Democratic republic. In addition, it believes in equality, justice, and freedom of its people . The constitution puts the welfare of its people first rather than the state.

A Secular State

According to the constitution of India is a secular country that means that it does not give special status to any religion. Anyone can perform his religion freely.

It means a dictator or monarch does not rule the country. Moreover, it nominates and elects its head every five years.

Fundamental Policies

The constitution of t5he country states every fundamental duty of its citizens under it. These duties have to be followed by all the citizens of the country equally whether it’s a rich person or a poor one. Besides, these duties include the respect of national flag and national anthem , integrity and unity of the country, the safeguard of public property, and various others.

Directive State Principle or Policy

This policy is simple guidelines to the state in which ensure the development of its socio-economy via its policies.

In conclusion, the constitution serves as guidelines for every citizen. Also, law and rule are completely defined in the constitution. The head of the drafting committee Dr. B.R. Ambedkar has done a remarkable job that no one can forget. He and his team draft constitution that no other country has bale to do till date. Besides, the constitution has helped India to attain the status of the Republic in the world.

FAQs about Essay on Constitution of India

Q.1 Define what is the Indian constitution in simple words? A.1 The constitution is the supreme law of the country. Everything is predefined in it. Besides, the constitution is a framework that guides the procedures, policies, and power of the government.

Q.2 Who is known as the father of the Indian constitution? A.2 Dr. B.R. Amberdkar is the father of the Indian constitution because he was the head of the drafting committee that completed the constitution.

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Constitution of India: List of All Articles (1-395) and Parts (1-22)

Last updated on April 6, 2024 by Alex Andrews George

The Constitution of India contains 395 articles in 22 parts. Additional articles and parts are inserted later through various amendments. There are also 12 schedules in the Indian Constitution .

Links are given against each Part to understand the purpose and background of each article of the Constitution of India.

Titles are mentioned for all articles from 1-395, separated under various parts and chapters. The preamble and Repealed articles or parts are specially mentioned.

Table of Contents

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

PART I: THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY

1 Name and territory of the Union. 2 Admission or establishment of new States. 2A [Repealed.] 3 Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States. 4 Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.

PART II: CITIZENSHIP

5 Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution. 6 Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan. 7 Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan. 8 Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India. 9 Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens. 10 Continuance of the rights of citizenship. 11 Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.

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PART III : FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

General 12 Definition. 13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights. Right to Equality 14 Equality before law. 15 Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. 16 Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. 17 Abolition of Untouchability. 18 Abolition of titles. Right to Freedom 19 Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc. 20 Protection in respect of conviction for offences. 21 Protection of life and personal liberty. 21A Right to education 22 Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases. Right against Exploitation 23 Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour. 24 Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc. Right to Freedom of Religion 25 Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion. 26 Freedom to manage religious affairs. 27 Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion. 28 Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions. Cultural and Educational Rights 29 Protection of interests of minorities. 30 Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions. 31 [Repealed.] Saving of Certain Laws 31A Saving of Laws providing for the acquisition of estates, etc. 31B Validation of certain Acts and Regulations. 31C Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles. 31D [Repealed.] Right to Constitutional Remedies 32 Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part. 32A [Repealed.] 33 Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc. 34 Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area. 35 Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part.

PART IV: DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY

36 Definition. 37 Application of the principles contained in this Part. 38 State to secure a social order for the promotion of the welfare of the people. 39 Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State. 39A Equal justice and free legal aid. 40 The organisation of village panchayats. 41 Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases. 42 Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief. 43 Living wage, etc., for workers. 43A Participation of workers in the management of industries. 43B Promotion of co-operative societies. 44 Uniform civil code for the citizens. 45 Provision for free and compulsory education for children. 46 Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections. 47 Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health. 48 The organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry. 48A Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife. 49 Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance. 50 Separation of judiciary from the executive. 51 Promotion of international peace and security.

PART IVA: FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

51A Fundamental duties.

PART V: THE UNION

Chapter i: the executive.

The President and Vice-President 52 The President of India . 53 The executive power of the Union. 54 Election of President. 55 Manner of election of President. 56 Term of office of President. 57 Eligibility for re-election. 58 Qualifications for election as President. 59 Conditions of the President’s office. 60 Oath or affirmation by the President. 61 Procedure for impeachment of the President. 62 Time of holding the election to fill the vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill the casual vacancy. 63 The Vice-President of India . 64 The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States. 65 The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President. 66 Election of Vice-President. 67 Term of office of Vice-President. 68 Time of holding the election to fill the vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill the casual vacancy. 69 Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President. 70 Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies. 71 Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President. 72 Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases. 73 The extent of executive power of the Union. Council of Ministers 74 Council of Ministers to aid and advise the President. 75 Other provisions as to Ministers. The Attorney-General for India 76 Attorney-General for India. Conduct of Government Business 77 Conduct of business of the Government of India. 78 Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.

CHAPTER II: PARLIAMENT

General 79 Constitution of Parliament. 80 Composition of the Council of States. 81 Composition of the House of the People. 82 Readjustment after each census. 83 Duration of Houses of Parliament. 84 Qualification for membership of Parliament. 85 Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution. 86 Right of President to address and send messages to Houses. 87 Special address by the President. 88 Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses. Officers of Parliament 89 The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States. 90 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman. 91 Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman. 92 The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration. 93 The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People . 94 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker. 95 Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker. 96 The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration. 97 Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker. 98 Secretariat of Parliament. Conduct of Business 99 Oath or affirmation by members. 100 Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum. Disqualifications of Members 101 Vacation of seats. 102 Disqualifications for membership. 103 Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members. 104 Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified. Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members 105 Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof. 106 Salaries and allowances of members. Legislative Procedure 107 Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills. 108 Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases. 109 Special procedure in respect of Money Bills. 110 Definition of “Money Bills”. 111 Assent to Bills. Procedure in Financial Matters 112 Annual financial statement. 113 Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates. 114 Appropriation Bills. 115 Supplementary, additional or excess grants. 116 Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants. 117 Special provisions as to financial Bills. Procedure Generally 118 Rules of procedure. 119 Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business. 120 Language to be used in Parliament. 121 Restriction on discussion in Parliament. 122 Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament.

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CHAPTER III: LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT

123 Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament .

CHAPTER IV: THE UNION JUDICIARY

124 Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court. 124A National Judicial Appointments Commission. (Declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, however not repealed by the Parliament) 124B Functions of Commission. 124C Power of Parliament to make law. 125 Salaries, etc., of Judges. 126 Appointment of acting Chief Justice. 127 Appointment of ad hoc judges. 128 Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court. 129 Supreme Court to be a court of record. 130 Seat of Supreme Court. 131 Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. 131A [Repealed.] 132 Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases. 133 Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to Civil matters. 134 Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters. 134A Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court. 135 Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court. 136 Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court. 137 Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court. 138 Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. 139 Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs. 139A Transfer of certain cases. 140 Ancillary powers of Supreme Court. 141 Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts. 142 Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc. 143 Power of President to consult Supreme Court. 144 Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court. 144A [Repealed.] 145 Rules of Court, etc. 146 Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court. 147 Interpretation.

CHAPTER V: COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA

148 Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. 149 Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General. 150 Form of accounts of the Union and of the States. 151 Audit reports.

PART VI: THE STATES

Chapter i: general.

152 Definition.

CHAPTER II: THE EXECUTIVE

The Governor 153 Governors of States. 154 Executive power of State. 155 Appointment of Governor. 156 Term of office of Governor. 157 Qualifications for appointment as Governor. 158 Conditions of Governor’s office 159 Oath or affirmation by the Governor. 160 Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies. 161 Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases. 162 Extent of executive power of State. Council of Ministers 163 Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor. 164 Other provisions as to Ministers. The Advocate-General for the State 165 Advocate-General for the State. Conduct of Government Business 166 Conduct of business of the Government of a State. 167 Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc.

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CHAPTER III: THE STATE LEGISLATURE

General 168 Constitution of Legislatures in States. 169 Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States. 170 Composition of the Legislative Assemblies. 171 Composition of the Legislative Councils. 172 Duration of State Legislatures. 173 Qualification for membership of the State Legislature. 174 Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution. 175 Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses. 176 Special address by the Governor. 177 Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses. Officers of the State Legislature 178 The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. 179 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker. 180 Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker. 181 The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration. 182 The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council. 183 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman. 184 Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman. 185 The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration. 186 Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman. 187 Secretariat of State Legislature. Conduct of Business 188 Oath or affirmation by members. 189 Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum. Disqualifications of Members 190 Vacation of seats. 191 Disqualifications for membership. 192 Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members. 193 Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified. Powers, privileges and immunities of State Legislatures and their Members 194 Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof. 195 Salaries and allowances of members. Legislative Procedure 196 Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills. 197 Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills. 198 Special procedure in respect of Money Bills. 199 Definition of “Money Bills”. 200 Assent to Bills. 201 Bills reserved for consideration. Procedure in Financial Matters 202 Annual financial statement. 203 Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates. 204 Appropriation Bills. 205 Supplementary, additional or excess grants. 206 Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants. 207 Special provisions as to financial Bills. Procedure Generally 208 Rules of procedure. 209 Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business. 210 Language to be used in the Legislature. 211 Restriction on discussion in the Legislature. 212 Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature.

CHAPTER IV : LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE GOVERNOR

213 Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.

CHAPTER V: THE HIGH COURTS IN THE STATES

214 High Courts for States. 215 High Courts to be courts of record. 216 Constitution of High Courts. 217 Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court. 218 Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts. 219 Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts. 220 Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge. 221 Salaries, etc., of Judges. 222 Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another. 223 Appointment of acting Chief Justice. 224 Appointment of additional and acting Judges. 224A Appointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts. 225 Jurisdiction of existing High Courts. 226 Power of High Courts to issue certain writs. 226A [Repealed..] 227 Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court. 228 Transfer of certain cases to High Court. 228A [Repealed.] 229 Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts. 230 Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories. 231 Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States.

CHAPTER VI : SUBORDINATE COURTS

233 Appointment of district judges. 233A Validation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges. 234 Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service. 235 Control over subordinate courts. 236 Interpretation. 237 Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates.

PART VII: THE STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE

238 [Repealed.]

PART VIII: THE UNION TERRITORIES

239 Administration of Union territories. 239A Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories. 239AA Special provisions with respect to Delhi. 239AB Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery. 239B Power of the administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of the Legislature. 240 Power of the President to make regulations for certain Union territories. 241 High Courts for Union territories. 242 [Repealed.]

PART IX: THE PANCHAYATS

243 Definitions. 243A Gram Sabha. 243B Constitution of Panchayats. 243C Composition of Panchayats. 243D Reservation of seats. 243E Duration of Panchayats, etc. 243F Disqualifications for membership. 243G Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats. 243H Powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats. 243-I Constitution of Finance Commission to review financial position. 243J Audit of accounts of Panchayats. 243K Elections to the Panchayats. 243L Application to Union territories. 243M Part not to apply to certain areas. 243N Continuance of existing laws and Panchayats. 243-O Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.

PART IXA: THE MUNICIPALITIES

243P Definitions. 243Q Constitution of Municipalities. 243R Composition of Municipalities. 243S Constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc. 243T Reservation of seats. 243U Duration of Municipalities, etc. 243V Disqualifications for membership. 243W Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc. 243X. Power to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities. 243 Finance Commission. 243Z Audit of accounts of Municipalities. 243ZA Elections to the Municipalities. 243ZB Application to Union territories. 243ZC Part not to apply to certain areas. 243ZD Committee for district planning. 243ZE Committee for Metropolitan planning. 243ZF Continuance of existing laws and Municipalities. 243ZG Bar to interference by Courts in electoral matters.

PART IXB: THE CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES

243ZH Definitions 243ZI Incorporation of co-operative societies 243ZJ Number and term of members of the board and its office bearers. 243 ZK Election of members of board. 243ZL Supersession and suspension of the board and interim management. 243ZM Audit of accounts of co-operative societies. 243ZN Convening of general body meetings. 243ZO Right of a member to get information, 243ZP Returns. 243ZQ Offences and penalties. 243ZR Application to multi-state co-operative societies. 243ZS Application to Union Territories. 243ZT Continuance of existing laws.

PART X: THE SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS

244 Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas. 244A Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefor.

PART XI: RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES

Chapter i: legislative relations.

Distribution of Legislative Powers

245 Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States. 246 Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States. 246A Special provision with respect to goods and services tax. 247 Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts. 248 Residuary powers of legislation. 249 Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest. 250 Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation. 251 Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States. 252 Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State. 253 Legislation for giving effect to international agreements. 254 Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States. 255 Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only.

CHAPTER II : ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS

256 Obligation of States and the Union. 257 Control of the Union over States in certain cases. 257A [Repealed.] 258 Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases. 258A Power of the States to entrust functions to the Union. 259 [Repealed.] 260 Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India. 261 Public acts, records and judicial proceedings. Disputes relating to Waters 262 Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys. Co-ordination between States 263 Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council.

PART XII: FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS

Chapter i: finance.

General 264 Interpretation. 265 Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law. 266 Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States. 267 Contingency Fund. Distribution of Revenues between the Union and the States 268 Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the State. 268A [Repealed.] 269 Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States. 269A Levy and collection of goods and services tax in the course of inter-state trade or commerce. 270 Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States. 271 Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union. 272 [Repealed.] 273 Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products. 274 Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which States are interested. 275 Grants from the Union to certain States. 276 Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments. 277 Savings. 278 [Repealed.] 279 Calculation of “net proceeds”, etc. 279A Goods and Services Tax Council. 280 Finance Commission. 281 Recommendations of the Finance Commission. Miscellaneous financial provisions 282 Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues. 283 Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accounts. 284 Custody of suitors’ deposits and other moneys received by public servants and courts. 285 Exemption of property of the Union from State taxation. 286 Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods. 287 Exemption from taxes on electricity. 288 Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases. 289 Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation. 290 Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions. 290A Annual payment to certain Devaswom Funds. 291 [Repealed.]

CHAPTER II: BORROWING

292 Borrowing by the Government of India. 293 Borrowing by States.

CHAPTER III: PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, RIGHTS, LIABILITIES, OBLIGATIONS AND SUITS

294 Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases. 295 Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases. 296 Property accruing by escheat or laps or as bona vacantia. 297 Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union. 298 Power to carry on trade, etc. 299 Contracts. 300 Suits and proceedings.

CHAPTER IV: RIGHT TO PROPERTY

300A Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law.

PART XIII: TRADE, COMMERCE, AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF INDIA

301 Freedom of trade, commerce, and intercourse. 302 Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce, and intercourse. 303 Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce. 304 Restrictions on trade, commerce, and intercourse among States. 305 Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies. 306 [Repealed.] 307 Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304.

PART XIV: SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES

Chapter i: services.

308 Interpretation. 309 Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State. 310 Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State. 311 Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State. 312 All-India services. 312A Power of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain services. 313 Transitional provisions. 314 [Repeated.]

CHAPTER II: PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS

315 Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States. 316 Appointment and term of office of members. 317 Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission. 318 Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission. 319 Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members. 320 Functions of Public Service Commissions. 321 Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions. 322 Expenses of Public Service Commissions. 323 Reports of Public Service Commissions.

PART XIVA: TRIBUNALS

323A Administrative tribunals. 323B Tribunals for other matters.

PART XV: ELECTIONS

324 Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission. 325 No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex. 326 Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage. 327 Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures. 328 Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature. 329 Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters. 329A [Repealed.]

PART XVI: SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES

330 Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People. 331 Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People. 332 Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States. 333 Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States. 334 Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after sixty years. 335 Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts. 336 Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services. 337 Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of the Anglo-Indian Community. 338 National Commission for Scheduled Castes. 338A National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. 338A National Commission for Backward Classes. 339 Control of the Union over the Administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes. 340 Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes. 341 Scheduled Castes. 342 Scheduled Tribes. 342A Socially and educationally backward classes.

PART XVII: OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

Chapter i: language of the union.

343 Official language of the Union. 344 Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language.

CHAPTER II: REGIONAL LANGUAGES

345 Official language or languages of a State. 346 Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union. 347 Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a State.

CHAPTER III: LANGUAGE OF THE SUPREME COURT, HIGH COURTS, ETC.

348 Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc. 349 Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language.

CHAPTER IV: SPECIAL DIRECTIVES

350 Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances. 350A Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at the primary stage. 350B Special Officer for linguistic minorities. 351 Directive for development of the Hindi language.

PART XVIII: EMERGENCY PROVISIONS

352 Proclamation of Emergency. 353 Effect of Proclamation of Emergency. 354 Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation. 355 Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance. 356 Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States. 357 Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. 358 Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies. 359 Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies. 359A [Repealed.] 360 Provisions as to financial emergency.

PART XIX: MISCELLANEOUS

361 Protection of President and Governors and Rajprakukhs. 361A Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures. 361B Disqualification for appointment on remunerative political post. 362 [Repealed.] 363 Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc. 363A Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished. 364 Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes. 365 Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union. 366 Definitions. 367 Interpretation.

PART XX: AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION

368 Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor.

PART XXI: TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS

369 Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List. 370 Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir. 371 Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat. 371A Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland. 371B Special provision with respect to the State of Assam. 371C Special provision with respect to the State of Manipur. 371D Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh. 371E Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh. 371F Special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim. 371G Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram. 371H Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh. 371-I Special provision with respect to the State of Goa. 371J Special provision with respect to the State of Karnataka. 372 Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation. 372A Power of the President to adapt laws. 373 Power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases. 374 Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council. 375 Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution. 376 Provisions as to Judges of High Courts. 377 Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. 378 Provisions as to Public Service Commissions. 378A Special provision as to the duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. 379-391 [Repealed.] 392 Power of the President to remove difficulties.

PART XXII: SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, AUTHORITATIVE TEXT IN HINDI AND REPEALS

393 Short title. 394 Commencement. 394A Authoritative text in the Hindi language. 395 Repeals.

Indian Constitution: Features
Historical Background of Indian Constitution
Tribunals in India

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About Alex Andrews George

Alex Andrews George is a mentor, author, and social entrepreneur. Alex is the founder of ClearIAS and one of the expert Civil Service Exam Trainers in India.

He is the author of many best-seller books like 'Important Judgments that transformed India' and 'Important Acts that transformed India'.

A trusted mentor and pioneer in online training , Alex's guidance, strategies, study-materials, and mock-exams have helped many aspirants to become IAS, IPS, and IFS officers.

Reader Interactions

April 7, 2014 at 9:36 am

Excellent job.GREAT.KEEP IT UP.

April 9, 2014 at 10:33 pm

Really helpful.

June 2, 2015 at 5:46 am

Thank u really useful

June 24, 2015 at 1:11 pm

Constitution of India gives Equality, Fraternity and Justice to all. -Thanks to Bharatratna Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar.

July 19, 2015 at 12:06 pm

Very useful Thanks….

September 2, 2015 at 1:32 pm

Good work .. Thank u

September 7, 2015 at 2:21 pm

it is very useful for study of Indian constitution……

September 7, 2015 at 2:23 pm

thank u to give me…..we have to read this compulsory

September 28, 2015 at 9:15 am

I am prepared for one entrance exam in pondicherry government.this materials is very useful to me.thanks

October 20, 2015 at 3:00 pm

Very good marerial for all competition exam

November 1, 2015 at 5:42 pm

It’s helpful…

November 2, 2015 at 2:39 pm

wonderful job. thanks for posting a useful article. i really appreciate your work.. i was looking for the same.. but i didn’t the detailed articles list like yours anywhere else on the internet.. you helped me a lot. keep posting such great content..

November 9, 2015 at 6:59 pm

Satish Reddy Very useful thanls

November 13, 2015 at 10:59 pm

sir i want to know .is it necessary to remember all the article and amendment for competition point of view.

December 19, 2015 at 7:20 pm

It is very important for all of us “thank you”

December 26, 2015 at 6:16 pm

sir This artice is very useful …….thank you…

January 31, 2016 at 11:08 am

Suggest the book to buy where list of all articles are stated and all its amendments.

February 18, 2016 at 10:52 am

I want full constitution in tamil where i can get it can any one know

March 8, 2016 at 9:31 pm

Thanks for the useful information

March 22, 2016 at 12:54 pm

SIR CAN YOU POST THIS ARTICLES IN TAMIL PLS HELP ME SIR

June 22, 2016 at 12:10 pm

Article. .440

July 29, 2016 at 2:36 am

Nice. Helped me. Thank you.

August 15, 2016 at 1:46 pm

How to prepare for civil to become an ias officer

September 3, 2016 at 9:07 pm

Sir……..I’m tamil student …….plz sir can you help me with your answers in tamil…..The articles tamil sir

September 5, 2016 at 12:50 pm

thanks a lot.

October 2, 2016 at 2:15 am

Great Job sir, Thank u so much…..

September 2, 2018 at 8:23 pm

It is better n also if it is available in tamil, then it’s useful for tamil medium student

October 25, 2016 at 9:58 pm

Thank u for giving this information

November 14, 2016 at 2:46 pm

I have a question modi changes the ise of 1000 nd 500 old notes anyone tell me according to which article of constitution he got that power or in which article it is defined.

November 20, 2016 at 12:14 am

Thanks a lot to provide a brief introduction of our constitution I get help to understand it Regards Mujahid pasha Qureshi Basvakalyan karnataka

November 27, 2016 at 11:21 pm

Thanks a lot to provide a brief information on our Indian constitution

January 6, 2017 at 7:07 pm

Very good material

January 16, 2017 at 1:26 pm

THANK YOU FOR GIVING INFORMATION ABOUT MY NATION.

March 19, 2017 at 12:38 am

Indian constitution see equal to all people

May 1, 2017 at 1:04 pm

Good study material for competative Exams.A lot of thanks for providing this on website.

May 2, 2017 at 9:50 pm

I need help to crack NDA written Sab medical how can I do it

May 26, 2017 at 11:14 am

June 6, 2017 at 11:51 am

Thank you for providing useful information.

June 24, 2017 at 11:08 pm

Sir how can I get your constant posted material for ias preparation your provided material most of the updated in previous year

August 11, 2017 at 6:42 am

Great work sir i should thank you

August 11, 2017 at 9:53 pm

Superb work

August 22, 2017 at 11:36 am

Sir,what is article? How many actual article? How many part? Pls reply me.

September 14, 2017 at 10:25 pm

Pm doesn’t know it.what it may be happened to know be me.

September 24, 2017 at 6:06 pm

Very good marerial for all exam.

November 8, 2017 at 10:33 am

Very comprehensive. Thanks.

December 30, 2017 at 9:14 pm

Hindi available h

February 24, 2018 at 11:05 pm

March 27, 2018 at 7:26 am

Sir really very thanks , it is so useful to us, thank you very much

April 29, 2018 at 2:06 pm

Sir plzz tell me all articles

June 3, 2018 at 8:33 pm

thank you for the most valuable information of our constitution in clear detail every citizen needs this thanks a lot sir.

June 4, 2018 at 12:10 pm

in which article Police are search any suspect person and his home….? without any notice they searches our home and after that 1day more in civil dress a police man harassed a person why…? continue 5days running a suspect person who is not guilty, he is seated in police station ( Assam, guwahati, jalukbari Police station) the name of that innocent person is Bapan seal from Lumding. please give justice plzzz help him

July 25, 2019 at 8:45 pm

I also want to know the answer right question

July 20, 2018 at 3:20 pm

Sir, is this sufficient for prelims

July 29, 2018 at 7:44 pm

Very vry usfull …tnq vry much

August 1, 2018 at 4:48 pm

this was very useful for me. thanks

August 9, 2018 at 8:17 pm

Thanks a lot Team

August 25, 2018 at 10:05 pm

This article is very useful. But I need this article in Tamil language

September 22, 2018 at 1:49 pm

Thanku sir , it help me alot

October 18, 2018 at 8:52 pm

Thank you,it is very helpful me,can u post in telugu language.i need it.help me.

Regards Raghu pasunuri [email protected]

November 26, 2018 at 10:06 am

Dear sir, this artical is very useful but i need artical in marathi.

January 10, 2019 at 10:28 am

Download option please

January 26, 2019 at 3:39 pm

When I saw and studied these Indian constitutional articles, understood that we are unknown about it but right now known. I really appreciate who wrote this essay

February 15, 2019 at 11:08 am

I am unable to download it as a pdf.Please provide the link.

March 7, 2019 at 9:14 pm

Constitution is the most powerful authority of India.so we are use it good way and we do consist under held by indians.thanksful for giving to great authority of Indian people by Dr.Ambethkar…..father of Indian constitution….

March 8, 2019 at 2:29 pm

Great, very helpfull ,and thanku so much ……

April 27, 2019 at 12:53 am

Please send another article

May 7, 2019 at 7:30 pm

sir, this is really very helpful for me in my 11 standard thank you sir

May 7, 2019 at 7:32 pm

Thanks sir for a wonderful explaination

May 30, 2019 at 11:30 am

Hi, Nice Article, keep up the good work

June 11, 2019 at 6:05 pm

helpful material

June 19, 2019 at 3:22 pm

This. Is super helpful.💪🙏☝️

June 23, 2019 at 8:45 pm

Really think this is our Indian law

August 6, 2019 at 5:46 pm

Really good thanks

September 5, 2019 at 4:51 pm

Myself dhanalakshmi, from tamilnadu im preparing for SI exam(sub inspector of police) can you pls guide the important articles for SI exam.

September 19, 2019 at 12:18 am

Thank u its really helpful

September 30, 2019 at 11:41 pm

Yaa sir its vry effective me n fr all as well..

Really hv a great thanks fr u n ur all works…..

October 28, 2019 at 11:52 am

Wow! Never seen such an important compilation of the Indian constitution. Really helpful. Great Work!

November 2, 2019 at 8:07 am

Wow such a big way to knw about our constitution n it’s all activities ….n it’s mst be helpful for me n all as well…..Thank you…

November 11, 2019 at 9:47 pm

Thank u very much. It is really helpfull..

January 7, 2020 at 12:10 pm

Sir, the preamble given here states ‘secular’ word and it states that it was accepted on 26 November 1949. As a matter of fact, the word ‘secular’ was added to Indian Constitution in 1976. And the preamble accepted on 26 November 1949 does not have secularism as it’s part.

January 30, 2020 at 3:05 pm

Thank you so much sir

February 17, 2020 at 7:36 pm

Very very thank you because it comes in atudy

February 24, 2020 at 4:30 pm

Don’t lose out without playing the right game!

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Constitution of India Essay in English

The constitution of our country is the ultimate shield against all forms of abuse and enabler of powers and rights for Indians. It provides direction to the polity, society and citizenry of India to strive for excellence in the collective conduct and individual behaviour.

Essentially it governs how the government and people interact with each other. After Independence, a constituent assembly was formed to create a document installing the national aims and aspirations as a newly independent country.

Consequently, they drafted a legal document that encompasses national values and goals. Officially our constitution was enacted on 26 January 1950.

India constitution stipulates the limits all form of governance and authority, be it state, judiciary or private entities. Due to its detailed nature, it is also the world’s most capacious constitution. Our constitution incorporated inspirations and various provisions from diverse sources.

It has stipulations and adoptions from the Government of India Act (1935), the US constitution, the UK constitution, from countries like USSR, Japan etc. This tradition has been a constant it has always been an organically growing entity, liable to change in light of changing aspirations and circumstances.

Over the years, the modifications (amendment, repeal etc) have changed the overall nature of our polity adding the descriptions like socialist and secular (42 nd amendment, 1976).

In terms of governance, it contains information regarding the nature and constitution of the three organs, namely: the legislature (law-making), executive (law enforcing) and judiciary (law maintaining). The state or territory of India, according to the constitution, is a union of different smaller states and union territories (and acquired territories like annexation, enclaves).

These subunits have their own governmental architecture culminating in local administration bodies like panchayats and municipal corporations. This symbiotic relationship is called cooperative federalism.

However, in certain circumstances like war etc. a state of emergency brings the entire nation under one government i.e. the Union. The executive head of the country is the President while the legislature is represented by the Parliament.

The Judicial system has Supreme Court at its apex and the legislature is constituted with two sub-houses- Lok Sabha (directly elected and nominated parliamentarians) and Rajya Sabha (Indirectly elected+nominated parliamentarians).

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Essay on Constitution of India

Students are often asked to write an essay on Constitution of India in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Constitution of India

Introduction.

The Constitution of India is a significant document that outlines the country’s political code, structure, procedures, and powers. It is the longest written constitution in the world.

The constitution was adopted on 26th November 1949 and came into effect on 26th January 1950. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the chief architect.

It declares India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. It also provides for a parliamentary system of government which is federal in structure.

The Constitution of India serves as the guiding light, ensuring justice, equality, and fraternity among its citizens.

Also check:

10 Lines on Constitution of India
Speech on Constitution of India

250 Words Essay on Constitution of India

The Constitution of India, the world’s lengthiest written constitution, is the supreme law of India. It lays the framework demarcating fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of the government institutions, and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and duties of citizens.

Historical Background

Drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was elected for undivided India, the Constitution was adopted on 26th November 1949 and came into effect on 26th January 1950, replacing the Government of India Act (1935). The drafting committee, chaired by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, is credited for the constitution’s formulation.

Features of the Constitution

The Constitution declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic, assuring its citizens justice, equality, and liberty, and promoting fraternity. It provides a parliamentary system of government, federal in structure with unitary features.

Amendments and Adaptability

The Constitution is a living document with a dynamic approach. As of 2021, it has been amended 105 times, reflecting its flexibility. The amendment procedure is detailed in Article 368, allowing changes to meet the evolving socio-political needs.

The Indian Constitution is not merely a legal document but a vehicle of the nation’s life. It reflects the aspirations and values of its people. Despite its imperfections and criticisms, it has served as a robust framework guiding India’s progress and upholding its democratic ethos.

500 Words Essay on Constitution of India

The Constitution of India is a symbol of the nation’s sovereignty, outlining the framework that defines political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions, and sets out the fundamental rights, directive principles, and duties of citizens. Adopted on 26th November 1949 and put into effect on 26th January 1950, it replaced the Government of India Act (1935) as the governing document of India.

Historical Background and Framing of the Constitution

The decision to frame a constitution for India was made in 1934 by the Indian National Congress. The drafting committee, chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, was constituted in 1947. The committee took nearly three years to draft the constitution, drawing inspiration from various sources including the British, American, Australian, Canadian, and Irish constitutions, as well as the French Declaration of the Rights of Man.

Features of the Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution is the world’s lengthiest written constitution, with a preamble and 470 articles, which are grouped into 25 parts with 12 schedules and five appendices. It declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic, assuring its citizens of justice, equality, and liberty, and endeavors to promote fraternity among them.

The Constitution provides for a parliamentary form of government, which is federal in structure with unitary features. It also provides for a bicameral legislature consisting of an Upper House (Rajya Sabha), and a Lower House (Lok Sabha). The President of India is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government.

Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights

The Constitution of India guarantees six fundamental rights to its citizens: right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and right to constitutional remedies. These rights are aimed at ensuring individual liberty and equality.

The Directive Principles of State Policy, on the other hand, are guidelines for the framing of laws by the government. These principles, though non-justiciable, aim to establish social and economic democracy, complementing the political democracy guaranteed by the fundamental rights.

Amendments to the Constitution

The Constitution of India has a provision for amendments to maintain its relevance. These amendments are carried out under Article 368. Till now, the constitution has been amended 104 times, reflecting the dynamic nature of the constitution.

The Constitution of India has stood the test of time, accommodating the changing needs of a growing nation. It has served as a robust framework guiding the country through its journey as a democratic republic. As the supreme law of the land, it continues to protect the rights of citizens and uphold the values of justice, equality, and liberty.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

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Essay On Indian Constitution For Students and Children | PDF Download

In this article, We have composed an Essay On Indian Constitution for School Students and Children in English, So the children and students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 can refer to this complete article to perform their class assignments, comprehensive tasks, competitions, etc.,

Long Essay on Indian Constitution | Introduction

The Constitution of India is the longest in the world containing the framework of the political system, the duties, rights, limitations, and structure of the government that this nation ought to follow. The Constitution of India was written on 26th November 1949 and came into existence on 26th January 1950 . In this essay on the Constitution of India, students will become familiar with the prominent features of India’s Constitution and how it was established. The Constitution of India starts with the lead-in phrases of “We the people” and talks about the values of the Constitution which are about equality, liberty, secularism, and fraternity. Our Indian Constitution consists of 395 articles and 12 schedules. Indian Constitution is a unique constitution that was penned in two languages, English and Hindi

How Was The Constitution Of India Created?

The first meeting of the new Constituent Assembly was conducted on 9th December 1946. The next meeting was conducted on 11th December 1946 under the chairmanship of Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhai Patel, Dr.B.R.Ambedkar, and Sarojini Naidu have also participated in this meeting. D.R. B.R Ambedkar, chairman of the Drafting Committee, is often called the Father of the Indian Constitution. The Constituent Assembly, which came into existence on 11th December 1946, and Finally the Indian Constitution was approved on 26th November 1949 and came into result on 26th January 1950. This day (January 26th) is celebrated as Republic Day in India every year.

Features Of The Indian Constitution

Here we gave some of the important features of the Indian Constitution. Where students can understand easily.

I. Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties

The Indian Constitution produces a detailed list of Fundamental Rights to the citizens of India, where no one can take hold of or reduce by any law made by the States (Article 12-35). Likewise, the Constitution also produces a list of 11 duties to the citizens, which is known as the Fundamental Duties (Article 51A).

II. Parliamentary System Of Government

The Indian Constitution produces for a Parliamentary System of Government, i.e., the real executive power deals with the council of President and the Ministers is only a nominal ruler (Article 74)

III. Federal System With a Unitary Bias

The Indian Constitution described India as a “Union Of States” (Article 1), which intimates that the Indian Federation is not the result of any agreement among the units and the units cannot break away from it.

IV. Rigidity and Flexibility

The Indian Constitution is the combination of both rigidity and flexibility, which means some parts of it can be adapted by the Parliament by a Simple Majority, whereas some parts called for a two-thirds majority as well as not less than one-half of the state legislatures.

V. The Enormous Constitution Of The World

The Indian Constitution is one of the Enormous Constitution of the World, embraces 395 Articles, 22 Parts, and 12 Schedules

VI. Independent Judiciary

The Constitution presents an Independent Judiciary (Article 76) which declares that the government is moved on by the provisions of the Constitution and works as a guardian of the opportunities and the fundamental rights of the citizens

VII. Directive Principles of State Policy

The Indian Constitution affirms certain Directive Principles of State Policy (Article 36-51) which the government has to grasp in mind while expressing New Policy.

VIII. Special Provisions For Minorities

The Constitution presents special provisions for minorities, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, etc., by conferring their certain specific advantages and provisions

IX. Secularism

The Constitution addresses India as a Secular State by withdrawing from religious doctrines (Forty-Second Amendment)

X. Single Citizenship

The Indian Constitution provides a Single Citizenship for all the people residing in several parts of the country and there is no separate citizenship for the states. (Article 5-11)

XI. Bicameral Legislatures

The Indian Constitution produces a bicameral legislature at the center consisting of Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and Lok Sabha (House of the People) (Article 79).

XII. Emergency Powers

The Constitution vests remarkable powers, known as Emergency Powers in the President while emergencies out of well-armed rebellion or external aggression or due to breakdown of constitutional machinery in the state (Article 352-360)

These are some of the important features of the Indian Constitution. In addition to it, the constitution also has many other features.

Indian Constitution: Images

Conclusion: The Constitution of India is created by the Indians. The democratic process was followed in the form of debates before implementing the Constitution. And finally, it stands to guard the fundamental rights of every citizen of India. We, the people of India having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic and to ensure to all its citizens Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.

“Law and order are the medicine of the body politic and when the body politic gets sick, medicine must be administered.” -B R Ambedkar

Dear Students and Children, you can download the Election Essay in the Hand Written Format by Clicking the Below Click Here Link.

Essay on Indian Constitution

Every country needs some rules and regulations that could help the country to develop. Also, it will help people to live peacefully in the country. Like many countries, India does have these rules written in the form of the Indian Constitution. India possesses an incredible constitution in the entire world. The Constitution of India spells out the basic rights and responsibilities of each citizen. But now the questions arise how these rules are made? What kind of rules does it include? Who follows these rules? To know all these details, let us discuss Indian Constitution in detail.

Short and Long Indian Constitution Essay in English

Here, we are presenting short and long essays on Indian Constitution in English for students under word limits of 100 – 150 Words, 200 – 250 words, and 500 – 600 words. This topic is useful for students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 in English. These provided essays on Indian Constitution will help you to write effective essays, paragraphs, and speeches on this topic.

Indian Constitution Essay 10 Lines (100 – 150 Words)

1) The Indian constitution is a set of rules and laws that help the country run well.

2) The Constitution tells how the government works, its powers, and its limits.

3) India’s Constitution is the longest one in existence.

4) There is a preamble on the first page of the Constitution.

5) The Indian constitution spells out the basic rights and responsibilities of each citizen.

6) It tells the people, the government, and other authorities how to act properly.

7) No one in India can do something that goes against the constitution.

8) It was the result of the hard work of 299 people.

9) The formation of the constitution of India was headed by Dr. Ambedkar.

10) On January 26, 1949, the constitution of India was done and signed.

Short Essay on Indian Constitution (250 – 300 Words)

Introduction

India is a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, and Democratic Republic that is run by parliament. This made it unique from the rest countries. India went from being called the “Dominion of India” to being called the “Republic of India” when the Constitution went into effect.

A Look at Indian Constitution

India’s political rules, procedures, and government powers are all set out in the constitution. People like Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and many more were the prominent members of the Constituent Assembly. It spells out the Directive Principles of State Policy and the way the Government of India is set up. The Indian constitution also says how long the government will last and how it will be set up.

The Making of Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution holds the record for the longest-written constitution in the world. It explains every law, power, and duty. The Constitution of India was made by Dr. BR Ambedkar and his team of six people who were on the committee. The writing committee also looked at the constitutions of Britain, France, and Japan, among other countries, to find useful ideas. During the writing of the constitution, many social, political, and economic factors were taken into account.

Our country is a democratic republic. A country’s Constitution is a set of rules and laws that guide how the country is run. In the eyes of the Constitution, everyone is the same. In his eyes, no one is small, no one is big, and no one is rich or poor. We should follow our constitution.

Long Essay on Indian Constitution (500 Words)

India got its independence on August 15, 1947. India had to deal with a lot of problems after it got its freedom. There was a need of making a constitution so that the country could be ruled. It was January 26, 1950, when India became a republic. The Constitution of India is also known as India’s highest law. The Indian Constitution is known for the biggest constitution in the world. In everyday language, it is also called the “Book of Law”.

History of Indian Constitution

After independence, the constitution of India was made. To write the constitution, Rajendra Prasad led a group of people who were in charge of the constitution. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was in charge of making the Constitution of India. On December 9, 1946, the first meeting of the new Constituent Assembly took place. The next meeting was held on December 11, 1946, and Dr. Rajendra Prasad was in charge.

To get it passed, the Constitution of India was changed more than 2,000 times. In 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days, the country’s constitution was ready. The Constitution of India was signed by 284 people in the Constituent Assembly of India to show that they agreed with it. It was passed on November 26, 1949, and was fully put into place on January 26, 1950. India became a free and democratic country on January 26, 1950, when it went into effect.

Features of Indian Constitution

India is a Republic, which is written in the Constitution. The Constitution of India is known as the most important document because it explains in detail what each citizen of India has to do and what rights they have. It is the world’s longest-written constitution. It is made up of a preamble, 448 articles, 25 groups, 12 schedules, and 5 appendices. The well-written Preamble of the Indian Constitution explains in depth what the constitution is all about. It thinks that everyone should have the same rights, freedom, and justice.

Our Constitution is written in a way that leaves no room for confusion. The original Indian Constitution was written by hand and in a style called calligraphy. The Constitution of India was made by the country people. There is no outside influence at all. The Constitution says that India is a federal system with many features of a unitary system. India has split power between the central government and the states. The Constitution of India is very clear about what its citizens have to do.

Our constitution is unique. The constitution of India is a present for the people who live in this country. It has been a big part of keeping peace and prosperity in the country. The Constitution of India is a guide for the people who live here. So, the Indian Constitution is clear about everything. We should follow the duties and enjoy the rights provided to us as Indian citizens.

I hope the above provided essay on Indian Constitution will be helpful in understanding the history and features of the Indian Constitution.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions on Indian Constitution

Ans. On 26 November, India celebrates Constitution Day every year.

Ans. Dr. B.R Ambedkar is considered the “Father of the Indian Constitution”.

Ans. It took almost three years (2 years, 11 months, and 18 days) to draft the Indian constitution.

Ans. At first, there were 395 Articles, 22 Parts, and 8 Schedules in the Constitution of India. The Constitution now has 448 Articles, 25 Parts, and 12 Schedules.

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Speech on Constitution of India

Speech on Constitution of India for Students

The primary contribution of the national movement was its tangible political practice. The concepts of parliamentary democracy, republicanism, civil freedoms, social and economic fairness, which were among the fundamental ideas of the constitution, were popularised as a result of this. To preserve peace and justice, each nation has certain sets of rules for its people to obey. These rules describe that country, and together they form that nation's constitution. The right to equality, the right to citizenship, the right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, the right against exploitation, and the right to constitutional redress are the basic rights of Indian people.

Long Speech on Constitution

Today, I am here to deliver a speech on the constitution of India. Like any game with some rules of its own, each state has a constitution of its own. The Constitution lays down a set of rules to which the ordinary laws of the country must conform. It also includes a list of Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles. The process of the evolution of the constitution began many decades before 26 January, 1950, and has continued unabated since. Its roots may be traced back to the princely states' struggle for independence from Britain and efforts for responsible and constitutional administration.

Dr. BR Abmedkar Introduced the Draft Constitution

The constitution has also tried to minimize conflict between the Union and the states by clearly specifying the legislative powers of each. It contains three lists of subjects.

The framers of the Indian constitution had borrowed freely and unabashedly from other constitutions, the wisdom of the US constitution, and its Supreme Court, the innovations of the Irish constitution, the British Parliament's time-tested norms, the administrative minutiae of the Government of India Act, 1935, and much more, including the substance of their own people's battle for independence — all went into the design and content of the Indian Constitution. The institutions created by it for fashioning a democratic structure have survived and evolved to meet the changing needs.

Features of Indian Constitution

Adult Suffrage- Congress had demanded adult suffrage since the 1920s. The overwhelming consensus was in favour of direct elections by Adult Suffrage. The beauty of adult suffrage is that it forces the most elitist of candidates to seek the favour of the vote of the humblest voter.

Preamble- The Preamble contains the constitution's fundamental idea and driving spirit. According to the Preamble, the people of India made a solemn resolution in the Constituent Assembly to secure to all citizens "social, economic, and political justice; liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship; equality of status and opportunity; and to promote among them all, fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity of the nation.”

In the Indian constitution, the first kind is included under Fundamental Rights and the second under Directive Principles (54,55).

A Secular State- India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic, according to the constitution.

India's constitution became effective on January 26th, 1950, although it was adopted on November 26th, 1949, by the Constituent Assembly. A drafting committee led by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar wrote it. It is the longest written constitution that describes the strength, processes, and responsibilities of India's government institutions and provides a comprehensive account of the people of our country's fundamental rights and responsibilities.

It was originally handwritten, calligraphed, and also the longest Constitution in the world. India's Constitution is the supreme law drawn up by the Constituent Assembly of India, superior also to the Parliament since it does not circumvent it. India's status from "Dominion of India" was changed to the "Republic of India" with the Constitution coming into effect.

The basic rights and duties of people, the Directive Principles of State Policy, and the Federal Framework of the Government of India are included in the Constitution of India. In the Indian Constitution, every policy, right, and obligation have been clarified at length, making it the world's longest written constitution.

To get it approved, more than 2000 amendments had to be made to the Constitution of India. January 26th, 1950 was the day when the Republic of India began to be recognized as our land. Since then, January 26th has been celebrated as Republic Day. At different locations around the world, the Indian National Flag is hoisted and the National Anthem is sung to rejoice in the day. In 2015, National Constitution Day, a special day, particularly dedicated to the Indian Constitution, came into being.

Short Speech on Constitution

Today, I am here to deliver a speech on the constitution of India. The constitution has provided a framework for the protection of the Fundamental Rights of freedom of speech and expression, including the freedom of the press, freedom of association, including the ability to join political parties of one's choosing, and create labour unions, among other things. Citizens' rights have been protected by courts.

A constitution can only be as good as the people who work it, as Rajendra Prasad noted at the time of its drafting. The constitution may well be a much-needed anchor of support in the turbulent times that may await us in the new millennium.

The decision to have written rights, a list of rights, a declaration of rights in the constitution marked a sharp break with British constitutional tradition and practice because of their colonial experience.

When read collectively, the Preamble, Fundamental Rights, and Directive Principles make it obvious that the constitution aspired to create the circumstances for the development of an equal society with safe individual liberties.

10 lines about Indian Constitution

Our Constitution was influenced by a number of previous constitutions.

It is the world's longest constitution.

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar is the father of the Indian Constitution.

The Constitution's basic structure is based on the Government of India Act, 1935.

The Constituent Assembly met for the first time on December 5, 1946.

Writing the constitution took nearly three years.

The Constitution was Legally Enforced on January 26, 1950.

The National Emblem of India was adopted on January 8, 1950.

The Constitution was written in Hindi and English at the outset.

Each page of the constitution was specifically designed by an artist.

FAQs on Speech on Constitution of India

1. According to the constitution, what is the role of the President?

The executive power is vested by the constitution in the President of India, but in the words of Ambedkar, he is a constitutional head who ‘occupies the same position as the King under the English Constitution. He is the head of the State but not of the Executive.

2. According to the constitution, what is the role of the Vice President?

If the President dies in office or is unable to perform his duties because of absence, the Vice-President is enjoined upon by Article 65 to act as the President. The Vice-President, who is elected for five years by both houses of parliament, is to act as the chairperson of the Rajya Sabha.

3. According to the constitution, what is the role of the Prime Minister?

The real executive power vests under the constitution in the council of ministers headed by the prime minister. The President appoints as prime minister the leader of the party that has a majority. Other ministers are selected by the prime minister and appointed by the President.

4. What is the role of Parliament?

The Indian parliament has two houses the upper house called the Rajya Sabha or the Council of States, and the lower house called the Lok Sabha or the House of the People.

5. According to the constitution, what is the legal age to vote in India?

Constitutional law states that all Indians above the age of 18 can vote.

Essay on Constitution of India for Students and Children in 1000 Words

In this article, you will read about Constitution of India, its background, Constituent Assembly, Membership, Drafting, Structure.

Table of Contents

Essay on Constitution of India (1000 Words)

The supreme law of India is known as the Constitution of India. The framework of demarcating fundamental political code laid down in the documents, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of state institutions. It sets out fundamental rights , directive principles, and, therefore, the responsibilities of citizens.

It’s the longest written constitution of any country on earth. The chief architect of the IConstitution of India considered as B. R. Ambedkar , who was chairman of the drafting committee.

Constitutional supremacy imparted into the Indian Constitution, not parliamentary sovereignty since it had been created by a constituent assembly instead of Parliament and was adopted by its people with a declaration in its preamble.

The Constitution B. R. Ambedkar cannot override by the Parliament and Constitution of India on the 2015 India postage. It was embraced by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and has become effective on 26 January 1950.

The Constitution replaced the Govt. of India Act, 1935, because the country’s fundamental governing document, and therefore the Dominion of India, became the Republic of India. The framers repealed prior acts of the British Parliament in Article 395 to make sure constitutional autochthony. On 26 January, India celebrates its constitution acceptance day as Republic Day.

Background of Indian Constitution

British ruled from 1857 to 1947 most of the Indian subcontinent. From 1947 to 1950, equivalent legislation continued to implement as India was a dominion of England for three years, as each princely state was encouraged by V. P. Menon and Sardar Patel to sign the articles of assimilation with India.

Therefore, the British government continued to be liable for the external security of the country. Constitution of India repealed the Indian Independence Act of 1947 and Government of India Act, 1935, when it became valid on 26 January 1950.

India stopped to be a dominion of the British Crown and have become a sovereign democratic republic with the Constitution. Articles 5, 6, 7, 9, 8, 60, 324, 367, 366, 379, 388, 394, 391, 393, 392, and 380 of the Constitution came into force on 26 November 1949, and therefore on 26 January 1950, the remaining articles became effective.

Constituent Assembly

The Constituent Assembly, which was elected by members elected by the provincial assemblies, drafted the Constitution. The 299-member assembly (which reduced from 389 after the partition of India) drafted the Constitution, which took almost three years, holding eleven sessions over 165 days.

B. R. Ambedkar had studied the constitutions of about 60 countries as a wise constitutional expert; he was a thoughtful legal expert. Ambedkar recognized because of the “Father of the Constitution of India.” Within the constitution assembly, a member of the drafting committee, T. T. Krishnamachari, said: “Mr. President, Sir, I’m one among those within the House who have listened to Dr. Ambedkar carefully.

I’m conscious of the quantity of labor and enthusiasm that he has delivered to bear on the work of drafting this Constitution. At an equivalent time, I realize that quantity of attention that was necessary for the aim of drafting a constitution so important to us at this moment has not been given to it by the Drafting Committee.

The home is perhaps aware that of the seven members nominated by you, one had resigned from the House and was replaced. One died and wasn’t replaced. Another one was away in America, and his place filled up, and another person was involved in State matters, and there was a void to its extent.

One or two people were distant from Delhi, and maybe reasons of health didn’t permit them to attend. The burden of drafting this Constitution ultimately fell on Dr. Ambedkar and that I haven’t any hesitation that we are grateful to him for having achieved this task during a manner which is undoubtedly commendable.”

Membership in Constitution of India

B. R. Ambedkar, C. Rajagopalachari Sanjay Phakey, Vallabhbhai Patel , Jawaharlal Nehru , Rajendra Prasad, Sandipkumar Patel, KanaiyalalManeklal Munshi, Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar, Abul Kalam Azad, Nalini Ranjan Ghosh, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, and Balwantrai Mehta were vital figures within the assembly, which had over 30 representatives of the scheduled classes.

The Anglo-Indian community represented by Frank Anthony and, therefore, the H. P. Modi. Harendra Coomar Mookerjee represented the Parsis community, a Christian assembly vice-president, chaired the minorities committee, and represented non-Anglo-Indian Christians. Ari Bahadur Gurung represented the Gorkha community.

Judges, like Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, K. M. Munshi, Benegal Narsing Rau, and Ganesh Mavalankar, were members of the assembly. Female members included Sarojini Naidu, Durgabai Deshmukh Hansa Mehta, Amrit Kaur, and Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit. Sachchidananda Sinha, who was the first two-day president of the assembly; Rajendra Prasad was later elected president. The group met for the first time on 9 December 1946.

Drafting of Constitution of India

In the International Court of Justice, an official Benegal Narsing Rau who became the primary Indian judge & was president of the UNSC appointed in 1946 as the assembly’s constitutional adviser. The Constitution’s general structure was his responsible; Rau prepared its initial draft in February 1948. Committees were proposed at the 14 August 1947 meeting of the assembly.

The selection considered, debated, and amended by the eight-person drafting committee, appointed by B. R. Ambedkar, who was in the chair on 29 August 1947 with A revised draft constitution prepared by the committee and presented to the assembly on 4 November 1947.

While deliberating the revised draft constitution, the meeting moved, discussed, and disposed of 2,473 amendments out of a complete of seven, 635. The meeting held eleven sessions in 165 days before adopting the Constitution.

The Constitution embraced on 26 November 1949, which was signed by 284 members. The day is widely known as National Law Day or Constitution Day; the day chosen to widespread the significance of the Constitution and to spread thoughts and concepts of Ambedkar.

A bespectacled Nehru is bending over an outsized book, Jawaharlal Nehru signing the Constitution at the assembly’s final session convened on 24 January 1950. Two copies of the Constitution were signed by each member, one in Hindi and, therefore, the other in English. In the original Constitution, each page is hand-written, decorated by artists from Shantiniketan, including Beohar Rammanohar Sinha and Nandalal Bose.

Its calligrapher was Prem Behari Narain Raizada. In Dehradun, the Constitution was published and photo lithographed by the Survey of India. Production of the first Constitution took nearly five years.

On 26 January 1950, which was two days later, it became the law of India. The approximate cost of the Constituent Assembly was ₹6.3 crore (₹63 million). The Constitution has had quite 100 amendments since it had enacted.

Structure of Constitution of India

The Constitution of India is the world’s lengthiest for an autonomous nation. At its legislation, it had 395 articles in 22 parts and eight schedules. At about 145,000 words, it’s the second-longest active Constitution – after the Constitution of Alabama – within the world.

The Constitution features a preamble and 448 articles, which are grouped into 25 parts. With 12 schedules and five appendices, it’s been amended 103 times; the newest amendment became effective on 14 January 2019.

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10 Points Students Can Include In Constitution Day Speech, Essay

Constitution Day or Samvidhan Divas is celebrated in India on November 26, the day when the Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly in 1949.

November 26 Constitution Day: After India became an Independent nation, the Constituent Assembly entrusted the job of drafting the Constitution to a committee chaired by Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar

After India became an Independent nation, the Constituent Assembly entrusted the job of drafting the Constitution to a committee chaired by Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar. Dr Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, was the President of the Constituent Assembly.

In the beginning of 1948, Dr. Ambedkar completed the draft of the Indian Constitution and presented it in the Constituent Assembly. On November 26, 1949, this draft was adopted with very few amendments.

The Indian Constitution came into force on January 26, 1950.

The Preamble of the Constitution declares India as a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic and aims to secure justice, liberty, equality to all citizens and promote fraternity to maintain unity and integrity of the nation. Here is the complete text:

"WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a

SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:

JUSTICE, social, economic and political;

LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION".

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Preamble to the Constitution of India (Photo: Wikimedia Commons)

Here are some interesting and lesser known facts about the Constitution of India that students can use in their Constitution Day speech and essay:

The Constitution of India has borrowed features from other countries, including Britain, Ireland, Japan, USA, South Africa, Germany, Australia, and Canada.

The Constituent Assembly of India was established in 1946. It met for 166 days spread over 2 years, 11 months and 18 days.

The Constitution of India is a hand-written document. It is one of the longest hand-written documents in the world. There are a total of 1,17,369 words in the English version.

Initially, the word “socialist” was not a part of the Preamble of the Indian Constitution. During the emergency, by the 42nd amendment act of 1976, the word was added. This is the only amendment to the Preamble so far.

The basic structure of the Indian Constitution stands on the Government of India Act, 1935.

The original hand-written copies of the Constitution are preserved in helium-filled cases in the Library of Parliament House.

On November 26, 1949, the Constituent assembly met and with loud and prolonged cheers and thumping of desks greeted the passing of the Constitution.

"Dr. Rajendra Prasad, President of the Constituent Assembly, in his speech before putting the motion to pass the Constitution, paid tributes to Mahatma Gandhi and said that I shall only hope that all those whose good fortune it may be to work this Constitution in future, will remember that it was a unique victory which we achieved by unique method taught by the Father of the Nation, and it is upto us to preserve and protect the Independence that we have won and to make it really bear fruit for the man in the street," wrote Sailen Chatterjee, journalist and freedom fighter.

After the Constitution was passed, the historic session of the Constituent Assembly ended with the singing of the National Anthem "Jana-gana-mana adhinayaka Jai Hey, Bharat Bhagya Vidhata," by Purnima Banerjee, a veteran freedom fighter, According to Mr Chatterjee.

Later, in accordance with the Constitution, the assembly elected Dr Rajendra Prasad as the first President of the Indian Republic at a special session on January 24, 1950.

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Speech Topics For Kids
Speech On Constitution Of India

Speech on Constitution of India

The Constitution is the chief law of our nation. Did you know that the original manuscript of the Constitution was written on parchment sheets measuring 16 x 22 inches with a total weight of 3.75 kgs? Do you want to know more about such notable characteristics of the Constitution of India ? Read the article and also try to prepare a speech on Indian Constitution on your own.

Short Speech on the Constitution of India in English
Short Speech on the Constitution of India

Speech on the Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India

Frequently Asked Questions on the Constitution of India

Sample Speeches on the Constitution of India

A couple of sample speeches on the Constitution of India are given below. Go through them and utilise the resource to improve your insight.

Short Speech on Constitution of India in English

A constitution is the supreme law of a nation. It defines the fundamental rights and duties of citizens. It describes the political principles and establishes the procedure of government institutions. The Constitution of India came into effect on January 26, 1950, and there were two hand-written copies, one in Hindi and the other in English. The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution, with 1,45,000 words in it. The original copy of the Indian Constitution contains 251 pages and is the most detailed one in the world. The completion of the Constitution of India was a lengthy procedure; it took nearly three years for its complete framing.

The members of the drafting committee of the Constitution conducted multiple debates and discussions to finalise each article. During the period of enactment, the Constitution of India contained 395 articles, 22 parts, and eight schedules. But today, after multiple alterations, it contains 470 articles, 25 parts, and 12 schedules.

Constitution Day is celebrated on November 26th in India. It is also known as ‘Samvidhan Divas’ and is celebrated every year to commemorate the adoption of the Constitution of India on the same date in 1949. November 26 is also considered ‘National Law Day’ by the citizens of India.

Short Speech on Constitution of India

Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar is the chief architect and the ‘Father of the Indian Constitution. He was one of the members of the Constituent Assembly and the Chairman of the drafting committee. The Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution of India on November 26, 1949; it replaced the Government of India Act 1935 after independence and declared it the country’s fundamental governing document. The Union of India officially became the contemporary Republic of India in correspondence with it. The Constitution of India declares our nation as a democratic republic and assures equality, liberty, and fraternity. The adoption of the Indian Constitution has played a very important role in establishing India as a sovereign, secular, and socialist nation.

Other than Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, some of the main members of the Constituent Assembly were Dr. S. Rajendra Prasad, H. C. Mukherjee, Munshi N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar, Khaitan, Mitter, Muhammed Sadullah, and Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer. The Constituent Assembly was formed on December 6, 1946, and the first meeting was held on December 9, 1946. The committee conducted an analysis of the constitutions of over 60 countries before finalising the final draft of the Indian Constitution.

The Constitution of India is crafted on the basis of the knowledge obtained from the continuous fight for independence. It is enlisted with the fundamental civil duties and rights to direct every citizen of India.

There are six basic fundamental rights in the Constitution of India. They are the Right to Equality (article 14 to article 18), Right to Freedom (article 19 to article 22), Right against Exploitation ( article 23 and article 24), Right to Freedom of Religion (article 25 to article 28), Cultural and Educational Rights (article 29 and article 30), and Right to Constitutional Remedies (article 32). For the smooth functioning of a democratic nation, all these fundamental rights are very important. As a citizen of India, it is of foremost importance to have a basic knowledge of the Constitution and the fundamental rights.

The Right to Equality ensures the equality of everyone before the law, prohibition of discrimination on the basis of religion, sex, caste, race, or place of birth, equality of opportunity in matters of public employment, abolition of untouchability, and the abolition of titles.

The Right to Freedom is one of the irreplaceable fundamental rights endorsed by the Constitution of India. It includes articles 19, 20, 21A and 22 of the Indian Constitution in it and guarantees freedom for citizens to live a life with dignity and self-respect.

According to article 19 of the Constitution of India, every citizen of India has the right – to freedom of speech and expression, to assemble peaceably and without arms, to form associations or unions, to move freely throughout the territory of India, to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India, to practise any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business. Articles 20 to 22 ensure protection in respect of conviction for offences, protection of life and personal liberty, and protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.

Right against Exploitation assures the prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour, and the protection of employment of children in factories and mines.

The Right to Freedom of Religion guarantees the freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion, freedom to manage religious affairs, freedom to pay taxes for the promotion of any particular religion, and freedom from attending religious instruction.

The Cultural and Educational Rights are for the protection of the interests of minorities and the right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.

And finally, all the remedies for enforcement of fundamental rights are mentioned in the Rights to Constitutional Remedies.

Frequently Asked Questions on Constitution of India

What is a constitution, and when did the constitution of india come into effect.

When is Constitution Day celebrated in India?

Constitution Day is celebrated on November 26 in India. It is also known as ‘Samvidhan Divas’ and is celebrated every year to commemorate the adoption of the Constitution of India on the same date in 1949. November 26 is also considered ‘National Law Day’ by the citizens of India.

What are the fundamental rights in the Constitution of India?

Fundamental rights are very important for the smooth functioning of a democratic nation. There are six basic fundamental rights in the Constitution of India. They are the Right to Equality (article 14 to article 18), Right to Freedom (article 19 to article 22), Right against Exploitation ( article 23 and article 24), Right to Freedom of Religion (article 25 to article 28), Cultural and Educational Rights (article 29 and article 30), and Right to Constitutional Remedies (article 32).

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Essay on Constitution of India
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Constitution of India: List of All Articles (1-395) and Parts (1-22)

PART I: THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY

PART II: CITIZENSHIP

PART III : FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

PART IV: DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY

PART IVA: FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

PART V: THE UNION

CHAPTER II: PARLIAMENT

CHAPTER III: LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT

CHAPTER IV: THE UNION JUDICIARY

CHAPTER V: COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA

PART VI: THE STATES

CHAPTER II: THE EXECUTIVE

CHAPTER III: THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER IV : LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE GOVERNOR

CHAPTER V: THE HIGH COURTS IN THE STATES

CHAPTER VI : SUBORDINATE COURTS

PART VII: THE STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE

PART VIII: THE UNION TERRITORIES

PART IX: THE PANCHAYATS

PART IXA: THE MUNICIPALITIES

PART IXB: THE CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES