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The impact of community service – a deep dive into the power of giving back to society.

Community service essays serve as a powerful tool for individuals to reflect on their experiences, values, and impact on the world around them. Through the process of writing about their volunteer work, students are able to articulate the positive changes they have made in their communities and explore the lessons they have learned along the way.

Community service essays also play a crucial role in highlighting the importance of giving back to society and fostering a sense of empathy and compassion in individuals. By sharing personal stories of service, students can inspire others to get involved and make a difference in their own communities.

Moreover, community service essays can help students gain valuable skills such as critical thinking, communication, and problem-solving, as they reflect on the challenges and successes of their volunteer experiences. By documenting their service work, students can also showcase their commitment to social responsibility and community engagement to colleges, scholarship committees, and potential employers.

Why Community Service Essays Matter

In today’s society, the importance of community service essays cannot be overstated. These essays serve as a platform for individuals to showcase their dedication to helping others and making a positive impact on their communities. Through these essays, individuals can share their experiences, insights, and perspectives on the value of giving back to society.

Community service essays also play a crucial role in raising awareness about different social issues and encouraging others to get involved in volunteer work. By sharing personal stories and reflections, individuals can inspire and motivate others to take action and contribute to the betterment of society.

Furthermore, community service essays provide an opportunity for individuals to reflect on their own values, beliefs, and goals. Through the process of writing these essays, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of themselves and their place in the world, leading to personal growth and development.

In conclusion, community service essays matter because they have the power to inspire change, raise awareness, and promote personal growth. By sharing their stories and insights, individuals can make a difference in their communities and create a more compassionate and giving society.

The Impact of Community Service Essays

Community service essays have a profound impact on both the individuals writing them and the communities they serve. These essays serve as a platform for students to reflect on their experiences and articulate the lessons they have learned through their service work.

One of the primary impacts of community service essays is the opportunity for self-reflection. Students are encouraged to critically analyze their experiences, challenges, and accomplishments during their community service activities. This reflection helps students develop a deeper understanding of themselves, their values, and their role in the community.

Another significant impact of community service essays is the awareness they raise about social issues and community needs. By sharing their stories and insights, students can shed light on important issues and inspire others to get involved in community service. These essays can also help community organizations and stakeholders better understand the needs of their communities and how they can address them effectively.

Overall, community service essays play a vital role in promoting social responsibility, empathy, and civic engagement. They empower students to make a positive impact in their communities and contribute to creating a more compassionate and inclusive society.

Guidelines for Writing Community Service Essays

When writing a community service essay, it is important to follow certain guidelines to ensure that your message is clear and impactful. Here are some tips to help you craft a powerful and compelling essay:

• Start by brainstorming ideas and reflecting on your community service experiences.
• Clearly define the purpose of your essay and what you hope to convey to your readers.
• Organize your essay with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.
• Use specific examples and anecdotes to support your points and showcase your personal growth.
• Highlight the impact of your community service activities on both yourself and others.
• Showcase your passion and dedication to serving your community.
• Be authentic and honest in your writing, and avoid exaggerating or embellishing your experiences.
• Edit and proofread your essay carefully to ensure clarity, coherence, and proper grammar.

Examples of Effective Community Service Essays

Community service essays can have a powerful impact on the reader when they are well-written and thoughtful. Here are a few examples to inspire you:

1. A Well-Structured Essay:

This essay begins with a compelling introduction that clearly articulates the author’s motivation for engaging in community service. The body paragraphs provide specific examples of the author’s experiences and the impact they had on both the community and themselves. The conclusion ties everything together, reflecting on the lessons learned and the importance of giving back.

2. Personal Reflection:

This essay delves deep into the author’s personal experiences during their community service work. It explores the challenges they faced, the emotions they encountered, and the growth they underwent. By sharing vulnerable moments and candid reflections, the author creates a connection with the reader and demonstrates the transformational power of service.

3. Future Goals and Impact:

This essay not only discusses past community service experiences but also looks toward the future. The author shares their aspirations for continued service and outlines how they plan to make a difference in the world. By showcasing a sense of purpose and vision, this essay inspires the reader to consider their own potential for impact.

These examples illustrate how community service essays can be effective tools for conveying meaningful stories, inspiring others, and showcasing personal growth. By crafting a compelling narrative and reflecting on the significance of service, you can create an essay that leaves a lasting impression.

How Community Service Essays Empower Individuals

Community service essays provide individuals with a platform to express their thoughts, share their experiences, and make a meaningful impact on society. By writing about their volunteer work and the lessons they have learned, individuals can empower themselves to create positive change and inspire others to do the same.

• Through community service essays, individuals can reflect on the importance of giving back to their communities and the value of helping those in need.
• These essays can serve as a source of motivation and inspiration for individuals to continue their philanthropic efforts and make a difference in the world.
• By sharing their stories through community service essays, individuals can raise awareness about social issues and promote greater empathy and understanding among their peers.

Overall, community service essays empower individuals to take action, advocate for change, and contribute to building a more compassionate and equitable society.

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Tips for Writing a Standout Community Service Essay

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Through your college applications process, you’re likely to come across the term “community service” many times. In fact, you may be asked to write an essay about it. This post will cover the specifics of a community service essay and how to go about writing one, including what to cover and common mistakes to avoid. 

What is a Community Service Essay?

You may encounter the community service essay as you’re writing your supplemental essays for college. These are school-specific prompts that only go to the college that requests them, unlike the personal statement , which goes to every school you apply to. Not all schools require community service essays, but several do. It’s also a common requirement for scholarship applications, especially if it’s a school-specific merit scholarship. 

The community service essay is an essay that describes the initiatives you have taken outside of the classroom to benefit your community. In a 2018 survey of 264 admissions leaders across the US, 58% said that community service is a tie-breaker between students who are otherwise equally qualified. The community service essay offers you the opportunity to shine light on the work you have done to make an impact on the world and people around you, and is an additional way to help you stand out among other applicants. 

Approaching the Community Service Essay 

Understand the essay requirements  .

As with any essay, it’s important to first understand what is expected of your essay. For a start, elements to pay attention to include: 

• Length requirements
• Focus or subject of the essay prompt 
• Organization of the essay 

Although all community service essays ultimately have the same purpose of having you describe your local service activities, they can come with different types of prompts. Below are three sample prompts. Note the differences in topic specificity, length requirements, and breadth of the prompt. 

From the CGCS – Bernard Harris Scholarship Program: 

Please describe a meaningful volunteer or community service experience, including what you learned from participating.

From the University of California Application :

What have you done to make your school or your community a better place? (350 words).

From the Equitable Excellence Scholarship:

Describe your outstanding achievement in depth and provide the specific planning, training, goals, and steps taken to make the accomplishment successful. Include details about your role and highlight leadership you provided. Your essay must be a minimum of 350 words but not more than 600 words.

Brainstorming for your community service essay 

Once you have an understanding of what is required of the specific you are to write, the next step is to brainstorm ideas for a specific topic. If you have various community-engaged service experiences under your belt, consider the following before you finalize your decision. 

The best topics:

Are substantial in length and scope. It’s better to cover a long-term commitment than a one-off afternoon at the food pantry or animal shelter. 

Are transformative or inspiring. Although community service is “others”-oriented, colleges are looking to learn more about you. The ideal community service essay topic should be an experience that changed or challenged your perspective, and was ultimately fulfilling. 

Illustrate personal qualities or passions that you want to highlight. Given the specific prompt, and taking the rest of your application into consideration, which personal interests do you want to highlight? Which activity illuminates the personal quality that you want to bring attention to? 

These are all elements to consider before you begin writing your essay. 

Tips for Writing Your Community Service Essay 

1. include anecdotes.

Anecdotes are a great way to begin your essay, not only as a way to grab your reader’s attention, but by launching right into the experience of your service activity. You can start with a line about a particularly busy afternoon at the orphanage, or a morning cleaning up the streets after a storm, or the sense of accomplishment you felt when you watched a dog under your care at the animal shelter get adopted. 

2. Show, don’t tell 

We’re sure you’ve heard this axiom of general writing before, but it applies to college essays just as much as with any other piece of writing. Opt for evocative examples over plain explaining whenever possible. Take this sentence: “There was a lot of food waste at our school cafeteria.” It’s not nearly as powerful as this description: “I peered into the tall, gray trash cans to inspect the mountain of Styrofoam trays and discarded food. There were countless pizza crusts, globs of green beans, and unopened cartons of milk.” 

Anyone could write the first sentence, and it’s not a unique experience. In the second description, we’re shown the scene of the writer’s lunchroom. We get a peek into their perspective and life, which makes the writing more vivid and relatable. Aim to bring your reader into your world as much as possible.

3. Share your responsibilities and accomplishments.

The more tangible your community service activities feel to the reader, the more powerful your essay will be. Concretize your work by stating the basic details of what kind of work you did and what your duties involved, where it was based, when you began working, and the amount of time you spent working. 

Be sure to quantify your work and accomplishments when possible; it’s better to say your fundraiser yielded 125 books than “a large number” of books. It’s important to also elaborate on why the work you did matters. Why was it important? Did the books you collected or purchased after the fundraiser expand the library of the local orphanage that they already had, or did it offer the children easy access to books that wasn’t available previously? Be specific and detailed.  

4. Highlight what you learned and how you’ll use those lessons moving forward. 

Towards the end of your essay, you’ll want to share how you benefited from the community service work you did. This is an important part of the essay, because it shows how you are able to distill your experiences to applicable lessons in your own life. 

Think of this section in two potential parts: skills you learned, and personal development. Did you gain any hard skills, such as public speaking, poster design, or funds management? Then think about how you developed as an individual. Are you more empathetic or patient now? 

Things to Avoid in Your Community Service Essay 

1. don’t list out everything that happened..

You want to keep your essay well-structured and concise. This isn’t a résumé, or a play-by-play of the entire experience. Stick to the most telling details and anecdotes from your experience. 

2. Avoid using a pretentious or privileged tone.

Humility goes a long way, and entitlement can be smelled from afar. The purpose of this essay is not to paint yourself as a savior of any kind, but rather to show what’s important to you in your non-academic life, and how you approach solving real-world and interpersonal problems. 

3. Avoid clichés.

It may be tempting to quote famous people, but doing so can easily seem like a shortcut, plus it shows little of who you are. Try also to steer clear of trite and vague life lesson lines such as “I learned that people can be happy with so little,” or “I learned the importance of giving back.” Not only do they carry a tone of privilege, they are also sweeping general conclusions and don’t convey anything specific of what you learned. 

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Essays About Community Service: Top 5 Examples Plus Prompts

If you are looking for your next writing topic, discover top examples of essays about community service and helpful writing prompts in our guide.

Community service refers to an individual or a group’s volunteer work dedicated to improving the community and its people. In America, Benjamin Franklin introduced community service in the 18th century by developing the idea of ​​the first volunteer firehouse in Philadelphia . Since then, stepping up has become a norm, with more people encouraged to participate.

Volunteering helps individuals gain experience, improve self-esteem, expand knowledge, and promote healthy goals. In addition, choosing community service as a topic in your essay allows you to explain its significance to entice your readers to get involved. To give you an idea of ​​how to write essays about community service, here are five examples that will help you.

5 Top Examples On Essays About Community Service

1. essay on community service and its importance by joni kim, 2. community service experience: essay on what i learned by anonymous on gradesfixer.com, 3. why is community service important by perry mullins, 4. concept of the community services in modern society essay by anonymous on ivypanda.com, 5. community service experience essay by writer molly, 1. community service vs. volunteering, 2. community service: then and now, 3. why we should volunteer, 4. community service in schools: mandatory or voluntary, 5. community service and its influences, 6. types of community service, 7. my community service experience, 8. donation or service: what’s better to give.

“The service helps the group of people in need, for example, senior citizens, children, people with disability and the likes. Sometimes community service is geared towards solving problems related to the needs of community members, especially low-income earners.”

Kim explains that community service is a voluntary action done through various means. It includes health and child care services, education, housing, and other improvements to aid and support the community members who need the most assistance. Then, Kim focuses on its importance to individuals, the community, and the country. The essay showcases how community service improves social, interpersonal, and decision-making skills. It also allows students to explore and find their interests. Ultimately, Kim believes that the real-life experience of volunteering assists in determining one’s career path, providing advantages when applying for a job.

“This experience has helped me to cherish my ability to influence and impact others in a positive way, and it helped me to look at community service as a benefit for myself, instead of just another obligation to fit into my schedule.”

In this essay, the writer reflects on their community service experience, sharing the gains they reaped from the program. They discuss how their undying love for animals and tight-knit communities made them realize the gravity of sharing. They also had the opportunity to strengthen and develop a new set of talents and skills from the encounter. However, the author also mentions that when the desire to do good morphs into a forced responsibility, it leads to failure. The writer says they often receive more benefits than the people and animals they help, as the experience makes them more patient, flexible, and responsible.

“True volunteering lies in an individual’s will and drives to help other and enforcing it eliminates that drive.”

Mullins focuses his essay on explaining why it should not be mandatory for students to do community service. For him, mandatory volunteering takes away the true meaning of volunteerism. Students only view it as additional work – an obligatory criterion they must check off their list to graduate. He claims that students will gain nothing but stress instead of new skills and knowledge when compulsory community services are in place.

“As for me, I consider community work as a good opportunity to get the main idea of some particular services, still, I would not have the same great desire to participate in social life if the services would become obligatory for graduation.”

In modern society, volunteering is becoming a necessary factor in many organizations. People with experience in community service have more opportunities to get a job. The author delves into community service’s importance but also criticizes that making it a requisite takes away its value. With various arguments from professionals like Alina Tugend , the essay further argues that no one would want to receive help from people who consider it an obligation.

“The community service project is different from other school educations the community service can teach us how to love others and how to fulfill our heart with joy.”

Molly dislikes homeless people because of their appearance and smell, but this all changes when cleaning and selling preloved items to homeless people becomes the best experience of her life. Community service taught her that the homeless are no different from her. She also learned to be thankful for her situation. She concludes that after the program, she became more respectful, responsible, and caring to other people.

Do you want to secure that A+ Grade? Check out our round-up of the best essay writing apps for students and academics.

8 Helpful Prompts on Essays About Community Service

If you’re still confused about the topic and can’t choose what to talk about, you can use the prompts below:

To write this prompt, the first part of your essay should discuss the meaning of community service and volunteering. Next, identify and examine the different characteristics of a community service worker and volunteer to clearly explain their similarities and differences. Then finish your essay with your opinion on the matter or look for more information you can expound on in your own words. 

This prompt shows how people’s definitions, processes, and perceptions of community service changed over time. Research and write down how community service started in your country or area to make it more relatable. Include examples of community services that made a big difference for the community and consider how these services impacted people’s lives.

Explain to your readers what voluntary work means and why exposure to it is crucial. Next, write the advantages and disadvantages of volunteering and what they should expect if they decide to be a volunteer. Finally, share your experience to clarify your comments, suggestions, and other points.

The decision to make community service mandatory in every school is still up for debate. First, pen your opinion on this topic and whether or not you agree with compulsory community service. Then, discuss your reasons and provide examples or factual evidence to support your arguments.

Identify and scrutinize the positive and negative effects of community service. Find news articles where one type of community service impacted its volunteers, community, and people differently. Write down how the organizer dealt with different situations and if it affected the program’s outcome.

There are three kinds of community service: direct, indirect, and advocacy. First, discuss and give examples for each one. Then, explain how these services differ from programs under service-learning. For example, direct community service includes directly serving homeless people food and clothes, while in service-learning, volunteers will teach people to garden and earn income. 

Use this prompt to share your memorable experience while doing community service and what you learned from it. It doesn’t matter if it’s a short program at your school, work, or organization. The important thing is that you have experience in community service. Include your initial reaction and if it changed over time while you were doing the service.

Some choose to donate money to various organizations that perform community service. Others join the program and personally help other people. In this prompt, share your opinion on the topic and whether you consider donating as community service. To make your essay more intriguing, look for prominent personalities who consistently contribute or engage in community service versus those who only present monetary assistance. 

AI grammar checkers are powerful resources that can help you improve your writing. See our guide on how to use an AI grammar checker. For help with this topic, read our guide explaining what is persuasive writing ?

Maria Caballero is a freelance writer who has been writing since high school. She believes that to be a writer doesn't only refer to excellent syntax and semantics but also knowing how to weave words together to communicate to any reader effectively.

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Your chance of acceptance, your chancing factors, extracurriculars, writing a community service scholarship essay.

I'm applying for a scholarship that requires an essay about my community service experiences. What are some tips or ideas you could give me for writing a strong essay to impress the scholarship committee?

When writing a community service scholarship essay, here are some tips and ideas to help you create a strong essay that will impress the scholarship committee:

1. Start strong: Begin your essay with a compelling anecdote, a thought-provoking question, or a powerful statement to grab the attention of the scholarship committee and make them want to read more.

2. Emphasize your motivation: Explain why you were drawn to community service and what motivates you to continue volunteering. This could be a general passion for helping others, a desire to give back to your community, or a specific cause that resonates with you.

3. Focus on your impact: Emphasize the positive influence your community service experiences have had on you, the people you've helped, and the community as a whole. Include specific examples, stories, or outcomes that demonstrate the impact you made.

4. Showcase your personal growth: Explain how participating in community service has shaped your overall character, values, and perspective. Discuss personal lessons you've learned, challenges you've faced, and how you've grown as a result.

5. Highlight your leadership skills: If you've held any leadership roles in community service projects or organizations, be sure to mention them. Describe the responsibilities you had, the decisions you made, and the results of your actions. These concrete outcomes will show the scholarship committee that you possess the skills necessary to be a successful student and community leader.

6. Be specific and detailed: Don't just list all of the community service activities you've participated in. Instead, choose a few significant experiences and delve deep into the details. Describe the organization you volunteered with, your role, the number of hours you dedicated, and any accomplishments you're especially proud of.

7. Stay organized and focused: Organize your essay in a logical and clear manner. Create a strong, central message or theme, and stick to it throughout your essay. This organization will make your writing more coherent and easier to follow.

8. End memorably: Conclude your essay by summarizing the key points you've made and reinforcing your passion for community service. You could also include a call to action or a vision for the future to leave a lasting impression on the scholarship committee.

9. Proofread and revise: Once you've completed your essay, be sure to proofread for spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors. Ask for feedback from friends, teachers, or family members to get a fresh perspective and polish your essay further.

10. Make it personal and authentic: Lastly, ensure that your essay is genuine and true to you. Write in your own voice and share your unique experiences and perspective. That way, your essay will stand out and connect with the scholarship committee on a deeper level.

11. Take advantage of CollegeVine's resources: CollegeVine has a blog post breaking down how to write a successful community service essay ( https://blog.collegevine.com/community-service-essay/) , and also offers both a free peer essay review tool and paid reviews by expert college admissions advisors - sometimes, a more objective set of eyes on your writing is just what you need to determine whether or not your impact on your community is coming across clearly.

Best of luck with your essay!

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The Importance of Community Service

Table of contents, fostering empathy and compassion, enhancing skill development, cultivating social responsibility, creating lasting change, connecting education to reality, building character and values, fostering lifelong commitment.

• Conclusion The importance of community service is an embodiment of humanity's capacity for compassion, empathy, and positive change. For students, community service offers a transformative journey that extends beyond the classroom, enriching their lives and the lives of those they touch. Through fostering empathy, enhancing skill development, cultivating social responsibility, creating lasting change, connecting education to reality, building character and values, and fostering a lifelong commitment, community service equips students with the tools and mindset needed to navigate an increasingly interconnected and complex world. As students engage in acts of service, they contribute to the creation of a more just, equitable, and compassionate society. They become agents of positive change, embodying the belief that even small actions can have a profound impact on the lives of others. In a world that often emphasizes individualism and competition, community service reminds us of our shared humanity and the power of collective effort. It serves as a reminder that each individual has a role to play in creating a better world, and that through service, we can leave a lasting legacy of kindness, empathy, and progress for generations to come.

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How to Write a Proposal for a Social Service Program

by Dee Dee Smith

Published on 1 Jan 2021

There is a problem in your community and you believe you have the solution. But you lack the financial backing and support to implement your program. Many agencies and organizations offer funding for projects such as yours; however, to qualify for the funds, most often you will need to present a proposal or request. This proposal should be well-organized and concise, and clearly communicate the problem as well as how your program can improve the situation or resolve the concern.

Funding Agencies

Locate agencies, other organizations and philanthropists that offer funding in your community and/or fund the type of service you plan to provide.

Study the agency's guidelines for submitting proposals. Before going any further, be sure you meet the basic requirements of this funding agency.

Draft a proposal checklist. This will aid you in ensuring that you have included all the data and information required by the agency. Deviating from the guidelines or excluding needed information could result in your proposal being denied.

Compile information. Before beginning to write your proposal, go through your checklist to make sure you have all the data you will need.

Writing the Proposal

Draft your cover or title page. This will form the agency's first impression of you so be sure to take great care in putting this page together. It should include a proposal title along with the signature(s) of the submitter(s).

State the problem or concern your program will address. You will also want to expound on how this issue adversely affects your community.

Put together a summary or overview of your program. In a very clear and concise way, communicate its goals and objectives. How will your program address the stated problem or concern? What is the anticipated or expected outcome? Be optimistic but realistic.

State your funding needs. Be clear about how the funds will be allocated. You may want to use a spreadsheet, graph, chart or other applications to present your financial projections.

Include resources or support documentation for your program. This can be statistical data confirming the problem, or references from respected leaders in your community.

Edit your proposal. Go through your checklist again to make sure you have included all of the required data and information. Check for misspelled words and typos. It may be a good idea to have another person review and proofread your proposal before you submit it.

Funding agency

List of the agency's proposal guidelines/specifications

Summary of the problem

Program goals/objectives

Financial figures/projections

Support resources/documentation

Choose Your Test

Sat / act prep online guides and tips, 129 great examples of community service projects.

Extracurriculars

Are you interested in performing community service? Do you want examples of service projects you can do? Community service is a great way to help others and improve your community, and it can also help you gain skills and experience to include on your resume and college applications.

Read on for dozens of community service ideas to help you get started volunteering.

What Is Community Service?

Community service is work done by a person or group of people that benefits others. It is often done near the area where you live, so your own community reaps the benefits of your work. You do not get paid to perform community service, but volunteer your time.

Community service can help many different groups of people: children, senior citizens, people with disabilities, even animals and the environment. Community service is often organized through a local group, such as a place of worship, school, or non-profit organization, but you can also start your own community service projects.

Many people participate in community service because they enjoy helping others and improving their community. Some students are required to do community service in order to graduate high school or to receive certain honors. Some adults are also ordered by a judge to complete a certain number of community service hours.

Why Should You Participate in Community Service?

There are numerous benefits to participating in community service, both for yourself and others. Below are some of the most important benefits of volunteering:

• Gives you a way to help others
• Helps improve your community
• Can help strengthen your resume and college applications
• Can be a way to meet new friends
• Often results in personal growth
• Gives you a way to gain work experience and learn more about certain jobs

How Should You Use This List?

This list of over one hundred community service examples is organized by category , so if you're particularly interested in working with, say, children or animals, you can easily find community service activities more related to your interests.

In order to use this list most effectively, read through it and make note of any community service ideas that match your interests and that you may want to participate in. Some considerations to keep in mind are:

Is there a specific group of people or cause you are passionate about? Look for projects that relate to your passion and interests. You may also just want to perform particular community service activities that allow you to do hobbies you enjoy, like baking or acting, and that's fine too.

Perhaps you don't have enough time to regularly devote to community service. In that case, it may be better to look for opportunities that only occur once or sporadically, such as planning special events or helping build a house.

Some people prefer to participate in community service activities that have a quantifiable impact, for example, activities where you know the specific number of kids you tutored, dollars you raised, or cans of food you collected. This is in contrast to activities that don't have such clear numbers, such as creating a garden or serving as a volunteer lifeguard. Some people prefer quantifiable activities because they feel they look stronger on college applications, or because they simply enjoy knowing their exact impact on the community.

Many community service activities can help you gain skills. These skills can range from teaching to medicine to construction and more. If there is a particular skill you'd like to learn for future classes, jobs, or just out of personal interest, you may want to see if there is a community service activity that helps you learn that skill.

List of Community Service Examples

Below I've listed over 100 community service ideas to get you started with brainstorming.

General Ideas

Donate or raise money for your local Red Cross

Organize a community blood drive

Send cards to soldiers serving overseas

For your next birthday, ask for charitable donations instead of gifts

Hold a bake sale for your favorite charity

Read books or letters to a person who is visually impaired

Organize a wheelchair basketball team

Participate in a charity race

Organize an event or parade for Memorial Day

Volunteer to help at a charity auction

Participate in National Youth Service Day in April

Contact a tree farm about donating Christmas trees to nursing homes, hospitals, or to families who can't afford to buy their own

Collect unused makeup and perfume to donate to a center for abused women

Help register people to vote

Organize a car wash and donate the profits to charity

• Help deliver meals and gifts to patients at a local hospital
• Write articles / give speeches advocating financial literarcy. First you should learn about the topics themselves, like calculating housing costs, or understanding personal loans, and then give presentations on these topics.

Helping Children and Schools

Tutor children during or after school

Donate stuffed animals to children in hospitals

Organize games and activities for children in hospitals or who are visiting hospitalized relatives

Knit or crochet baby blankets to be donated to hospitals or homeless shelters

Collect baby clothes and supplies to donate to new parents

Organize a Special Olympics event for children and teenagers

Sponsor a bike-a-thon and give away bike safety gear, like helmets and knee pads , as prizes

Collect used sports equipment to donate to families and after-school programs

Volunteer at a summer camp for children who have lost a parent

Sponsor a child living in a foreign country, either on your own or as part of a group

Coach a youth sports team

Put on performances for children in hospitals

Give free music lessons to schoolchildren

Become a volunteer teen crisis counselor

Organize a summer reading program to encourage kids to read

Organize an Easter egg hunt for neighborhood children

Create a new game for children to play

Organize events to help new students make friends

Babysit children during a PTA meeting

Organize a reading hour for children at a local school or library

Donate used children's books to a school library

Work with the local health department to set up an immunization day or clinic to immunize children against childhood diseases

• Volunteer to help with Vacation Bible School or other religious camps

Helping Senior Citizens

Read to residents at a nursing home

Deliver groceries and meals to elderly neighbors

Teach computer skills to the elderly

Drive seniors to doctor appointments

Mow an elderly neighbor's lawn

Host a bingo night for nursing home residents

Host a holiday meal for senior citizens

Make birthday cards for the elderly

Donate and decorate a Christmas tree at a nursing home

Organize a family day for residents of a retirement home and relatives to play games together

Ask residents of a retirement home to tell you about their lives

Pick up medicine for an elderly neighbor

Perform a concert or play at a senior center

Help elderly neighbors clean their homes and organize their belongings

Rake leaves, shovel snow, or wash windows for a senior citizen

• Deliver cookies to a homebound senior citizen

Helping Animals and the Environment

Take care of cats and dogs at an animal shelter

Clean up a local park

Raise money to provide a bulletproof vest for a police dog

Plant a tree for Arbor Day

Place a bird feeder and bird fountain in your backyard

Start a butterfly garden in your community

Sponsor a recycling contest

Grow flowers in your backyard then give bouquets to hospital patients or people who are housebound

Help create a new walking trail at a nature center or park

Update the signs along a nature trail

Adopt an acre of rainforest

Help train service dogs

Participate in the cleanup of a local river, pond, or lake

Foster animals that shelters don't have space for

Organize a spay and neuter your pet program

Care for a neighbor's pet while they are away

Sponsor an animal at your local zoo

Train your pet to be a therapy animal and bring it to hospitals or nursing homes

Build and set up a bird house

Organize a carpool to reduce car emissions

Campaign for more bike lanes in your town

Volunteer at a nature camp and teach kids about the environment

Test the water quality of a lake or river near you

• Plant native flowers or plants along highways

Helping the Hungry and/or Homeless

Build a house with Habitat for Humanity

Donate your old clothes

Volunteer at a soup kitchen

Donate old eyeglasses to an organization that collects that and distributes them to people in need

Donate non-perishable food to a food bank

Donate blankets to a homeless shelter

Host a Thanksgiving dinner for people who may not be able to afford their own

Offer to babysit or nanny for a family in need

Make "care kits" with shampoo , toothbrushes , combs , etc. to donate to homeless shelters

Prepare a home-cooked meal for the residents of a nearby homeless shelter

Collect grocery coupons to give to a local food bank

Help repair or paint a local homeless shelter

Donate art supplies to kids in a homeless shelter

Help organize and sort donations at a homeless shelter

Babysit children while their parents look for jobs

Become a Big Buddy for children at a homeless shelter

Take homeless children on outings

Bake a batch of cookies or loaf of bread and deliver it to a soup kitchen

Build flower boxes for Habitat for Humanity houses

Organize a winter clothes drive to collect coats, hats, scarves, and gloves to be donated

Make first aid kits for homeless shelters

Reducing Crime and Promoting Safety

Volunteer at a police station or firehouse

Become a certified lifeguard and volunteer at a local pool or beach

Paint over graffiti in your neighborhood

Organize a self-defense workshop

Organize a drug-free campaign

Sponsor a drug-free post-prom event

Start or join a neighborhood watch program

Create and distribute a list of hotlines for people who might need help

Teach a home-alone safety class for children

Create a TV or radio public service announcement against drug and alcohol use

Become CPR certified

• Volunteer as a crossing guard for an elementary school

Promoting Community Enhancement

Paint park benches

Donate used books to your local library

Become a tour guide at your local museum

Repaint community fences

Plant flowers in bare public areas

Organize a campaign to raise money to buy and install new playground equipment for a park

Participate in or help organize a community parade

Clean up vacant lot

Produce a neighborhood newspaper

Campaign for more lighting along poorly lit streets

Create a newcomers group in your neighborhood to help welcome new families

Petition your town leaders to build more drinking fountains and public restrooms

Volunteer to clean up trash at a community event

Adopt a local highway or road and clean up trash along it

Help fix or raise funds to repair a run-down playground

Clean up after a natural disaster

Now that you know what your options are for community service, you can take the following steps to start getting involved:

#1: Look over your interests: Which activities seem most appealing to you? Were they mostly in one particular category, like children or the environment? If so, that's a good starting place for choosing specific organizations to contact.

#2: Figure out how much time you can devote to community service: Are you available for two hours every week? Are you not free on a regular basis but can volunteer for an entire weekend now and then?

Think about transportation as well and how you'll be able to get to different locations. Knowing this information will help you choose which community service projects to pursue, and it's helpful information for volunteer coordinators to know.

#3: Do some research to see what projects you can do in your community: Check at your school, place of worship, or town hall for more information on volunteering. You can also contact the place where you'd like to perform your community service, such as a particular animal shelter or nursing home, and ask if they take volunteers.

#4: Start volunteering! This list ranges from small projects that you can complete on your own in a few hours, to much larger projects that will take more time and people. If you find a project you can start on your own, do it!

If you want to do a project where you'll need more resources or people, check around your community to see if a similar program already exists that you can join. If not, don't be afraid to start your own! Many organizations welcome new volunteers and community service projects.

Additional Information

Considering doing volunteer work in another country? Read our guide on volunteer abroad programs and learn whether or not you should participate in one.

Are you in college or will be starting soon? Extracurriculars are one of the best parts of college! Check out our guide to learn which extracurricular activities you should consider in college .

Did you know that you can use your community service work to help pay for college? Check out our step-by-step guide on how to win community service scholarships.

These recommendations are based solely on our knowledge and experience. If you purchase an item through one of our links, PrepScholar may receive a commission.

Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

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What is Social Services? A Closer Look at the Programs Serving Up Stronger Communities

By Emily Hayden on 02/28/2017

Happily employed workers, well-fed families, safely housed citizens and positive role models for youth are some of the pillars that make up a strong community. While those elements might seem obvious, you may have witnessed or experienced the challenges of acquiring a job that provides a livable wage, struggling to offer healthy food choices for a growing family, scraping together what was left from a paycheck for rent or worrying about kids’ after school activities.

Where do people turn when they face issues? How do communities thrive when its members have such diverse needs?

Believe it or not, there is a career field equipped to assist in all of these important areas. The multi-faceted field of social services is there for people in times of hardship. But what is social services, exactly? Read on to find out.

Social services: The basics

“Simply put, social services is anything that provides services to assist the overall social well-being of people,” offers Rikkisha Gilmore-Byrd, Health and Human Services Department Chair at Rasmussen University. “This can include counseling and/or case management with any group of people or population.”

The social services network collaborates in helping all of its clients become self-sufficient in multiple ways, from connecting them with resources to the acquisition of new skills.

Why is social services so important?

“Society is held together with the threads of social fabric. Each day, forces pull against the threads,” explains Luis Maimoni, family therapist with Masada Homes in Gardena, California. “What if you have a child with special needs or a loved one who attempted suicide? While some people are naturally resilient and able to regenerate the threads without external support, others struggle.” Professionals working in social services help struggling individuals become independent and self-sufficient, he adds.

As a parent, you have undoubtedly experienced stress. Your toddler refuses to eat any vegetables. Your infant hasn’t figured out how to sleep through the night. Your job demands more of your time and your house hasn’t been cleaned in months.

Although these occurrences seem trivial independently, you know that on the wrong day and in the wrong combination, they can derail your family’s ability to function.

Now imagine a city or state—not just a small family—full of individuals whose life situations are constantly pushing them over their capacity to manage stress. This community will fail without the variety of support offered by the network of social services in the area. The importance of social services is never overrated.

What types of social services exist?

Because social services is a large umbrella encompassing many different types of support, it is difficult for a few sentences to adequately define it, according to Howard Lee III, a community transition specialist for youth on probation.

He outlines the following examples to help give you a more practical understanding of what it looks like in action:

• Food assistance : Provides monthly stipends to support people in need of food.
• Housing assistance: Provides shelter for the homeless and supports those who need rental assistance or help in purchasing a home.
• Disability assistance: Ensures benefits for those unable to work due to medical conditions.
• Supplemental income and unemployment assistance: Offers financial support to those who are unable to work or who have lost their jobs.
• Education assistance : Gives financial aid to students pursuing education after high school or provides early childhood education at free or reduced costs.
• Tax credit assistance: Provides people with tax incentives depending on employment, family, housing and education status.
• Mental health assistance: Offers counseling and psychologist services to those who are struggling with various mental challenges.

While the type of support offered by social services is clearly diverse, the duration of each program is also flexible based on client needs. Some forms of assistance provide brief interventions of weekly support for a few months while others offer daily interventions that last for more than a year.

What social services careers are out there?

Now that you understand the purpose of social services and have some specific examples of it in action, you might be wondering what a career in this field actually entails.

There are actually many jobs available in social services depending on the type of support you’re hoping to offer your clients. Take a look at some of these options:

• Human service assistants : Assists clients in identifying and obtaining social and community services benefits.
• Probation officers: Works with non-violent criminal offenders in preventing the recurrence of crimes and making successful contributions to society.
• Rehabilitation counselors: Collaborates with clients to help them live independently by managing their physical, mental or emotional disabilities.
• School and career counselors: Assists students in navigating the academic and social aspects of school and provides resources and skill acquisition for future careers.
• Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors: Helps individuals struggling with addictions or behavioral disorders by providing them with various treatments.
• Health educators: Informs people about healthy living by assisting them in identifying personal health goals and strategies to achieve them.
• Marriage and family therapists: Creates strategies for couples or families who are experiencing various types of emotional, mental or physical struggles within their relationships.

While the list above does not cover every job, it is a good place to start if you are considering working in social services. You’ll have the ability to choose a career path based on your own personal passions and career aspirations.

Gilmore-Byrd adds that various occupations within the field could be acquired with different levels of education, such as Human Service Certificates, Bachelor’s degrees , Master’s degrees and even Doctorate degrees.

Are you ready to contribute?

Now that you know what social services is, you might be considering one of the many careers available in the field. If you have an inherent desire to help others survive and thrive in their communities, our experts say you’d be a great fit.

“There is a special type of person who enjoys the work not because they would just like to help, but they’re willing to sacrifice their energy and be present each day to ensure the need is met,” according to Howard Lee III.

“You have to want to help people find the strength they have within themselves, which is different than giving advice,” Maimoni says. “This means you have to fundamentally believe in people.”

If you can identify with the statements above, learn more about what it’s really like working in the field in our article, What is Human Services? Experts Explain their Field .

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Home — Essay Samples — Life — Professions & Career — Social Work

Social Work Essay Examples

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Career Profile Research Assignment: a Career of Social Worker

Applications of statistics in social work research, reflection on my placement in ingle farm primary school, the lessons i've learned as a social worker with an occupational therapist and nurses, a study on the social impact of jane addams, life and legacy of jane addams, documentation of previous learning experience: social worker, analysis of the dead goldfinch by george elgar hicks in relation to social work, jane addams and her contributions to social work, a study on jane addams’ philanthropic nature, how technology assisted social work aids various social work roles, systemic problems in the social services on the example of kyla and david, the sssc codes of practice for social workers, meeting with a social worker: a radical change of life, social work field education: self-assessment, social functioning in social work, social work application, my intrinsic motivation - that's why i want to be a social worker, social work internship experience: a reflection, barack obama as a social worker.

Social work is an academic discipline and practice-based profession concerned with meeting the basic needs of individuals, families, groups, communities, and society as a whole to enhance their individual and collective well-being.

Females account for around 83% of all social workers. Healthcare social workers and family, child, and school social workers are the highest paying social work jobs. Social workers helped decrease the number of juvenile arrests by 68% between 1996 and 2015. Social workers provide over 60% of mental health services.

Mahatma Gandhi, Jane Addams, Alfred Neumann, Frances Feldman, Ida B. Wells, Harriett Rinaldo, etc.

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Essay on Student and Social Service

Students are often asked to write an essay on Student and Social Service in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Student and Social Service

Introduction.

Students play a vital role in society. They are the future leaders, and their actions can significantly impact the community.

Role of Students in Social Service

Students can actively participate in social services. They can volunteer in community activities, help the needy, and spread awareness about important issues.

Benefits of Social Service

Social service helps students develop empathy and understanding. It provides them with real-world experiences, fostering personal growth and civic responsibility.

In conclusion, students’ involvement in social service is beneficial for both the individual and society. It shapes them into responsible citizens and promotes a healthier community.

250 Words Essay on Student and Social Service

The role of students in social service.

Students, the future torchbearers of society, have a crucial role in social service. Their energetic, innovative minds and untapped potentials can significantly contribute to community development.

Why Students?

Students are often more open-minded, adaptable, and willing to learn. They are at an age where their experiences shape their understanding of the world. Engaging in social service not only broadens their perspective but also instills a sense of responsibility towards their community.

Areas of Involvement

Students can participate in various social services. They can volunteer in healthcare initiatives, environmental conservation, education for underprivileged children, and many more. These activities help them understand societal issues, encouraging empathy and compassion.

Impact of Social Service on Students

Participation in social service allows students to develop essential skills such as leadership, teamwork, problem-solving, and communication. It also helps them understand the practical implications of their academic knowledge.

Challenges and Solutions

While students’ involvement in social services is beneficial, it is not without challenges. Balancing academic responsibilities with social service can be demanding. However, proper time management and support from educational institutions can alleviate these issues.

In conclusion, students’ involvement in social service is a win-win situation. It benefits society while providing students with invaluable experiences and skills. By encouraging and facilitating students’ engagement in social service, we can ensure a more empathetic and responsible future generation.

500 Words Essay on Student and Social Service

The role and responsibility of students in social service.

The role of students in social service is a topic of great significance in the context of societal development. Students, being the young and energetic stratum of society, are the most potent force to bring about social change. They are the ones who possess the vigor and the vision to steer the society towards a better future.

Students as Catalysts for Social Change

Students have an inherent potential to act as catalysts for social change. Their fresh perspectives, untainted by prejudice or bias, can be instrumental in challenging the status quo and bringing about progressive changes. They can act as the impetus for social reform by raising awareness about social issues and advocating for change. For instance, students have been at the forefront of movements against climate change, racial discrimination, and gender inequality, proving their pivotal role in societal change.

The Importance of Social Service in Education

Incorporating social service into the curriculum can be an effective way of instilling empathy, compassion, and a sense of responsibility among students. Participating in social service not only helps students understand the challenges faced by different sections of society but also enables them to develop practical solutions for the same. This hands-on experience can be a valuable addition to their theoretical knowledge, thus making their education more holistic and relevant.

Students’ Initiatives in Social Service

Students can engage in a variety of social service activities depending on their interests and capabilities. They can volunteer at local charities, participate in community clean-up drives, organize awareness campaigns on critical issues, or even start their initiatives to address specific social problems. Such initiatives not only contribute to societal betterment but also provide students with opportunities to develop leadership skills, teamwork, and problem-solving abilities.

While the potential of students in social service is immense, there are also challenges that need to be addressed. Students often struggle to balance their academic responsibilities with their social service commitments. Moreover, they may lack the necessary resources or guidance to effectively contribute to social service.

Educational institutions can play a crucial role in overcoming these challenges. They can provide the necessary support and resources for students to engage in social service. Flexible academic schedules, credit-based social service programs, and mentorship opportunities can encourage students to participate in social service without compromising their academic commitments.

In conclusion, students hold a significant position in the sphere of social service. Their enthusiasm, innovative thinking, and commitment can drive social change and contribute to the betterment of society. However, for their potential to be fully realized, it is essential to provide them with the necessary support and encouragement. The future of society depends on the actions of its young members, and students, with their social service, can indeed make a significant difference.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

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• Student And Social Service Essay

Student and Social Service Essay

500+ words student and social service essay.

Schools provide a formative experience for children. The images of crayons, brightly painted halls, and bulletin boards can create joy in a child. The competencies of students can be used in social services, such as educating street children or making people aware of issues like pollution, environmental problems and various diseases. With the help of this student and social service essay, students learn how they can contribute to social service and what its benefits are. Moreover, they must also check out the list of CBSE Essays , which contains essays on different topics. Going through them will help in improving their essay writing skills.

How Students Can Contribute to Social Service

Students have some responsibilities towards society and the nation. They must contribute towards that in every way they can. Social service is one way for students to contribute to their society. Being humans, it is our responsibility to help each other in need.

Students can contribute to social service either in groups, organisations or as an individual. To serve in a group, students can join any of the social service organisations like the National Service Scheme (NSS) or NGOs that work in the social service sector. These groups organise various kinds of social work. Students can join them as a volunteer at their schools, colleges and universities. Many organisations also provide certificates which give much value and pride to a student.

Students can also do social service on their own and contribute to society as an individual. They can educate the people and society about the alarming situations which are creating hurdles for human life. Some of these issues are environmental pollution, poverty, deforestation, increasing air pollution in cities, lack of access to education, water scarcity, the COVID-19 pandemic and many more. They can do these things by organising rallies, hosting webinars & seminars, organising roadshows, etc.

Students can also make their own volunteer groups with the help of friends. Then, they can also arrange Christmas celebrations in orphanages and visit old-age homes and such places to help these people. They can also share some clothes and food with the street children and beggars.

Making these people happy and being the reason behind their smiles will give positive energy to students.

Students can provide self-defence workshops for women and children. They can run awareness campaigns, depression and stress relief sessions, provide food to the people in the COVID situation, etc.

Benefits of Social Service in Students’ Life

Engaging themselves in social service keeps students on the right path in a critical period of their lives. It develops love and sympathy towards the needy. In the future, if students want, they can also build their careers in this field. Many job providers give preference to those who have a volunteer certificate. Through social services, students get the opportunity to know the problems faced by poor and needy people. This may develop a zeal to solve such problems, and thus it develops the ability of problem-solving and leadership skills. This quality will help them to become the entrepreneurs of tomorrow. By doing social service, students will also earn the goodwill of the poor and the needy and learn to think more inclusively in the future – something that would be very vital in their character formation.

Students must have found “Student and Social Service Essay” useful for improving their essay writing skills. Visit BYJU’S website to get the latest updates and study material on CBSE/ICSE/State Board/Competitive Exams at BYJU’S.

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Counselling

Columbia reveals DIVERT Program. What it is; how it helps

A joint program between Columbia Police Department and Columbia/Boone County Public Health and Human Services upward of five years in the making had its official announcement Wednesday.

Work started pre-COVID-19 pandemic and ultimately resulted in a DIVERT dashboard for officers in February 2023, said Steve Hollis, PHHS human services manager. Then this February a currently two-man homeless outreach team was formed in the police department.

So what is DIVERT? It is a program that integrates social services into the city's public safety and justice systems, allowing officers to make referrals to social service programs when on a call. These referrals are coordinated by Janie Ridgwell, PHHS social services specialist for the DIVERT Program.

"When we say DIVERT, we are either trying to divert them completely from the public safety and justice system or out of that system to achieve better outcomes and ease the burden on our public safety agencies," Hollis said.

Its ultimate goal is reducing burdens on public safety departments and city's municipal court, a program presentation noted.

"The DIVERT Program focuses on three different initiatives," Ridgwell said, adding this includes the municipal court's community support docket, public safety diversion and familiar faces (repeat callers or offenders) in communities.

While referrals are happening from within city departments, work is happening to eventually include other public safety departments in Boone County and joint communications access to the DIVERT Program, Hollis said.

From idea to implementation

Data gathering through sequential intercept mapping with Boone County kicked off the effort pre-pandemic, ultimately leading to DIVERT Program implementation in January 2023. The city's internal referral dashboard went live in February 2023.

The intercept mapping data led to the ideas of Intercept Zero and Intercept One, Hollis said.

"How do we get to folks before they are in the justice systems? This gives our officers, our firefighters, our (Office of Neighborhood Services) staff an opportunity to refer someone to a social worker rather than arresting them. Intercept One meaning they got a local summons and we can try and intervene at the municipal court through the community support docket," he said.

Between January 2023 and April 2024 there were 284 referrals through the DIVERT Program dashboard, mostly from the community support docket and police, though there also were referrals made by the fire department, animal control, the city manager's office, environmental health division of PHHS and Office of Neighborhood Services. Of those 284 referrals, there are 226 engaged participants.

The police and PHHS partnership was focused on making a tool for officers to quickly and easily make referrals, said Police Chief Jill Schlude.

City staff using the DIVERT Program dashboard enter demographic information about an individual and then can choose a social service referral category, such as basic needs, homelessness, veterans, elderly or mental health, among others. It then is Ridgwell's job to make the connection between the individual and a relevant social service agency to the selected category.

"Janie follows up with officers so they know the outcome," Hollis said, with Schlude adding this aids case management.

Homeless Outreach Team

The DIVERT Program works with any person, and there is overlap with those who are unsheltered. This led to the formation of the Homeless Outreach Team of Officers Todd Roland and Brad Anderson within the police department in February. While the officers have connections with the Boone County Coalition to End Homelessness , they do not have a direct connection with CoMo Mobile Aid Collective . The city also has contracted partnerships with agencies and individuals on unsheltered outreach.

"The Homeless Outreach Team ... works with these folks to find individual solutions, which means services referrals," Schlude said, adding their position does not preclude them making arrests or writing citations. "They are a piece of the case management part to identify our most frequent folks we interact with."

While once the unsheltered and other homeless were focused in the downtown area, they now are spread throughout the city, she added. The hope is by having the outreach team it cuts down on frictions between businesses, residents and the unsheltered, Schlude said.

The outreach team has regular interactions with unsheltered encampments and the even city's unsheltered in general prior the team's formation. This team can aid those living in encampments and connect them with services before an encampment is slated for clearing, Hollis said.

"That way it takes a more consistent and compassionate approach so it is not sprung on people in the camps," he said.

More: Columbia support docket seeks to prevent court cycle for homeless population

Charles Dunlap covers local government, community stories and other general subjects for the Tribune. You can reach him at [email protected] or @CD_CDT on Twitter. Subscribe to support vital local journalism.

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Guest Essay

The Deep, Tangled Roots of American Illiberalism

By Steven Hahn

Dr. Hahn is a Pulitzer Prize-winning historian at New York University and the author, most recently, of “Illiberal America: a History.”

In a recent interview with Time, Donald Trump promised a second term of authoritarian power grabs, administrative cronyism, mass deportations of the undocumented, harassment of women over abortion, trade wars and vengeance brought upon his rivals and enemies, including President Biden. “If they said that a president doesn’t get immunity,” Mr. Trump told Time, “then Biden, I am sure, will be prosecuted for all of his crimes.”

Further evidence, it seems, of Mr. Trump’s efforts to construct a political world like no other in American history. But how unprecedented is it, really? That Mr. Trump continues to lead in polls should make plain that he and his MAGA movement are more than noxious weeds in otherwise liberal democratic soil.

Many of us have not wanted to see it that way. “This is not who we are as a nation,” one journalist exclaimed in what was a common response to the violence on Jan. 6, “and we must not let ourselves or others believe otherwise.” Mr. Biden has said much the same thing.

While it’s true that Mr. Trump was the first president to lose an election and attempt to stay in power, observers have come to recognize the need for a lengthier view of Trumpism. Even so, they are prone to imagining that there was a time not all that long ago when political “normalcy” prevailed. What they have failed to grasp is that American illiberalism is deeply rooted in our past and fed by practices, relationships and sensibilities that have been close to the surface, even when they haven’t exploded into view.

Illiberalism is generally seen as a backlash against modern liberal and progressive ideas and policies, especially those meant to protect the rights and advance the aspirations of groups long pushed to the margins of American political life. But in the United States, illiberalism is better understood as coherent sets of ideas that are related but also change over time.

This illiberalism celebrates hierarchies of gender, race and nationality; cultural homogeneity; Christian religious faith; the marking of internal as well as external enemies; patriarchal families; heterosexuality; the will of the community over the rule of law; and the use of political violence to achieve or maintain power. This illiberalism sank roots from the time of European settlement and spread out from villages and towns to the highest levels of government. In one form or another, it has shaped much of our history. Illiberalism has frequently been a stalking horse, if not in the winner’s circle. Hardly ever has it been roundly defeated.

A few examples may be illustrative. Although European colonization of North America has often been imagined as a sharp break from the ways of home countries, neo-feudal dreams inspired the making of Euro-American societies from the Carolinas up through the Hudson Valley, based as they were on landed estates and coerced labor, while the Puritan towns of New England, with their own hierarchies, demanded submission to the faith and harshly policed their members and potential intruders alike. The backcountry began to fill up with land-hungry settlers who generally formed ethnicity-based enclaves, eyed outsiders with suspicion and, with rare exceptions, hoped to rid their territory of Native peoples. Most of those who arrived in North America between the early 17th century and the time of the American Revolution were either enslaved or in servitude, and master-servant jurisprudence shaped labor relations well after slavery was abolished, a phenomenon that has been described as “belated feudalism.”

The anti-colonialism of the American Revolution was accompanied not only by warfare against Native peoples and rewards for enslavers, but also by a deeply ingrained anti-Catholicism, and hostility to Catholics remained a potent political force well into the 20th century. Monarchist solutions were bruited about during the writing of the Constitution and the first decade of the American Republic: John Adams thought that the country would move in such a direction and other leaders at the time, including Washington, Madison and Hamilton, wondered privately if a king would be necessary in the event a “republican remedy” failed.

The 1830s, commonly seen as the height of Jacksonian democracy, were racked by violent expulsions of Catholics , Mormons and abolitionists of both races, along with thousands of Native peoples dispossessed of their homelands and sent to “Indian Territory” west of the Mississippi.

The new democratic politics of the time was often marked by Election Day violence after campaigns suffused with military cadences, while elected officials usually required the support of elite patrons to guarantee the bonds they had to post. Even in state legislatures and Congress, weapons could be brandished and duels arranged; “bullies” enforced the wills of their allies.

When enslavers in the Southern states resorted to secession rather than risk their system under a Lincoln administration, they made clear that their Confederacy was built on the cornerstone of slavery and white supremacy. And although their crushing defeat brought abolition, the establishment of birthright citizenship (except for Native peoples), the political exclusion of Confederates, and the extension of voting rights to Black men — the results of one of the world’s great revolutions — it was not long before the revolution went into reverse.

The federal government soon allowed former Confederates and their white supporters to return to power, destroy Black political activism and, accompanied by lynchings (expressing the “will” of white communities), build the edifice of Jim Crow: segregation, political disfranchisement and a harsh labor regime. Already previewed in the pre-Civil War North, Jim Crow received the imprimatur of the Supreme Court and the administration of Woodrow Wilson .

Few Progressives of the early 20th century had much trouble with this. Segregation seemed a modern way to choreograph “race relations,” and disfranchisement resonated with their disenchantment with popular politics, whether it was powered by Black voters in the South or European immigrants in the North. Many Progressives were devotees of eugenics and other forms of social engineering, and they generally favored overseas imperialism; some began to envision the scaffolding of a corporate state — all anticipating the dark turns in Europe over the next decades.

The 1920s, in fact, saw fascist pulses coming from a number of directions in the United States and, as in Europe, targeting political radicals. Benito Mussolini won accolades in many American quarters. The lab where Josef Mengele worked received support from the Rockefeller Foundation. White Protestant fundamentalism reigned in towns and the countryside. And the Immigration Act of 1924 set limits on the number of newcomers, especially those from Southern and Eastern Europe, who were thought to be politically and culturally unassimilable.

Most worrisome, the Ku Klux Klan, energized by anti-Catholicism and antisemitism as well as anti-Black racism, marched brazenly in cities great and small. The Klan became a mass movement and wielded significant political power; it was crucial, for example , to the enforcement of Prohibition. Once the organization unraveled in the late 1920s, many Klansmen and women found their way to new fascist groups and the radical right more generally.

Sidelined by the Great Depression and New Deal, the illiberal right regained traction in the late 1930s, and during the 1950s won grass-roots support through vehement anti-Communism and opposition to the civil rights movement. As early as 1964, in a run for the Democratic presidential nomination, Gov. George Wallace of Alabama began to hone a rhetoric of white grievance and racial hostility that had appeal in the Midwest and Middle Atlantic, and Barry Goldwater’s campaign that year, despite its failure, put winds in the sails of the John Birch Society and Young Americans for Freedom.

Four years later, Wallace mobilized enough support as a third-party candidate to win five states. And in 1972, once again as a Democrat, Wallace racked up primary wins in both the North and the South before an assassination attempt forced him out of the race. Growing backlashes against school desegregation and feminism added further fuel to the fire on the right, paving the way for the conservative ascendancy of the 1980s.

By the early 1990s, the neo-Nazi and Klansman David Duke had won a seat in the Louisiana Legislature and nearly three-fifths of the white vote in campaigns for governor and senator. Pat Buchanan, seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 1992, called for “America First,” the fortification of the border (a “Buchanan fence”), and a culture war for the “soul” of America, while the National Rifle Association became a powerful force on the right and in the Republican Party.

When Mr. Trump questioned Barack Obama’s legitimacy to serve as president, a project that quickly became known as “birtherism,” he made use of a Reconstruction-era racist trope that rejected the legitimacy of Black political rights and power. In so doing, Mr. Trump began to cement a coalition of aggrieved white voters. They were ready to push back against the nation’s growing cultural diversity — embodied by Mr. Obama — and the challenges they saw to traditional hierarchies of family, gender and race. They had much on which to build.

Back in the 1830s, Alexis de Tocqueville, in “Democracy in America,” glimpsed the illiberal currents that already entangled the country’s politics. While he marveled at the “equality of conditions,” the fluidity of social life and the strength of republican institutions, he also worried about the “omnipotence of the majority.”

“What I find most repulsive in America is not the extreme freedom reigning there,” Tocqueville wrote, “but the shortage of guarantees against tyranny.” He pointed to communities “taking justice into their own hands,” and warned that “associations of plain citizens can compose very rich, influential, and powerful bodies, in other words, aristocratic bodies.” Lamenting their intellectual conformity, Tocqueville believed that if Americans ever gave up republican government, “they will pass rapidly on to despotism,” restricting “the sphere of political rights, taking some of them away in order to entrust them to a single man.”

The slide toward despotism that Tocqueville feared may be well underway, whatever the election’s outcome. Even if they try to fool themselves into thinking that Mr. Trump won’t follow through, millions of voters seem ready to entrust their rights to “a single man” who has announced his intent to use autocratic powers for retribution, repression, expulsion and misogyny.

Only by recognizing what we’re up against can we mount an effective campaign to protect our democracy, leaning on the important political struggles — abolitionism, antimonopoly, social democracy, human rights, civil rights, feminism — that have challenged illiberalism in the past and offer the vision and political pathways to guide us in the future.

Our biggest mistake would be to believe that we’re watching an exceptional departure in the country’s history. Because from the first, Mr. Trump has tapped into deep and ever-expanding illiberal roots. Illiberalism’s history is America’s history.

Steven Hahn is a Pulitzer Prize-winning historian at New York University and the author, most recently, of “ Illiberal America: a History .”

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Anti-semitic attitudes of the mass public: estimates and explanations based on a survey of the moscow oblast.

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JAMES L. GIBSON, RAYMOND M. DUCH, ANTI-SEMITIC ATTITUDES OF THE MASS PUBLIC: ESTIMATES AND EXPLANATIONS BASED ON A SURVEY OF THE MOSCOW OBLAST, Public Opinion Quarterly , Volume 56, Issue 1, SPRING 1992, Pages 1–28, https://doi.org/10.1086/269293

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In this article we examine anti-Semitism as expressed by a sample of residents of the Moscow Oblast (Soviet Union). Based on a survey conducted in 1920, we begin by describing anti-Jewish prejudice and support for official discrimination against Jews. We discover a surprisingly low level of expressed anti-Semitism among these Soviet respondents and virtually no support for state policies that discriminate against Jews. At the same time, many of the conventional hypotheses predicting anti-Semitism are supported in the Soviet case. Anti-Semitism is concentrated among those with lower levels of education, those whose personal financial condition is deteriorating, and those who oppose further democratization of the Soviet Union. We do not take these findings as evidence that anti-Semitism is a trivial problem in the Soviet Union but, rather, suggest that efforts to combat anti-Jewish movements would likely receive considerable support from ordinary Soviet people.

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Specific features of the ecological functioning of urban soils in Moscow and Moscow region

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Iowa Department of Education names Christopher Kaftan as new superintendent of the Iowa Educational Services for the Blind and Visually Impaired and Iowa School for the Deaf

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DES MOINES — The Iowa Department of Education today announced Christopher Kaftan as the next superintendent for Iowa Educational Services for the Blind and Visually Impaired and Iowa School for the Deaf. He is replacing John Cool, who is retiring after 34 years of service to Iowa School for the Deaf and 12 years of service to Iowa Educational Services for the Blind and Visually Impaired, most recently as interim superintendent.

Kaftan brings over two decades of experience as a director of student services, director of curriculum and instruction, principal and teacher. He is currently the student services director at The Learning Center for the Deaf in Framingham, Mass., where he supports nearly 200 deaf and hard of hearing students in grades K-12.

“Encouraged by Superintendent Kaftan’s leadership and support, we continue our collective work to ensure every student who is blind, visually impaired, deafblind, deaf or hard of hearing experiences a world class education that inspires them and prepares them for bright futures,” said Iowa Department of Education Director McKenzie Snow. “We thank each member of the IESBVI and ISD community who participated in the search process for their critical role in this important decision.” The Department formed an 11-member search committee including parents, faculty, staff, alumni and organizations like the Iowa Association of the Deaf to equally represent ISD and IESBVI. The Department conducted three public listening sessions last fall and two IESBVI and ISD listening sessions in January to draft the superintendent leadership profile. The search committee then conducted a nationwide search supported by Innivee Strategies, a nationally recognized search firm. Finalists recommended by the search committee participated in a public candidate forum, including an input survey, and met with ISD and IESBVI students, staff and leadership.  "Christopher Kaftan demonstrated a genuine commitment to supporting the Blind and Visually Impaired community throughout the search process. As a member of the ISD/IESBVI search committee, I am excited to welcome him as the next Superintendent and look forward to collaborating with him to support the needs of Blind and Visually Impaired students throughout Iowa." said Michael Hoenig, Blind representative.  Originally from New York, Kaftan taught students with visual impairments and coordinated services with school districts to ensure blind and visually impaired students’ needs were met inside and outside the classroom. Additionally, he has more than two decades of experience in deaf education. “We’re looking forward to welcoming Christopher Kaftan to Council Bluffs,” said Susan MacDonald, search committee member representing the Iowa Association of the Deaf. “During the interview, he clearly showed the deaf and hard of hearing community his commitment and passion for deaf education and the future of our community’s children.”  Kaftan holds a bachelor’s degree in history and secondary education and a master’s degree in deaf education from Gallaudet University. He has also earned a graduate certificate in special education administration from Johns Hopkins University. “I look forward to working with Mr. Kaftan as he joins the Iowa School for the Deaf and Iowa Educational Services for the Blind and Visually Impaired team as superintendent,” said Deborah Elder, Chief Operating Officer at Iowa Department of Education. “Mr. Kaftan brings a strong commitment to serving every student, both on campus and statewide. His experience in providing a high-quality program with a dual focus on state academic standards and the expanded core curriculum will enhance ISD/IESBVI’s focus on meeting each student’s individual needs.” Kaftan’s start date is July 1. He will travel across Iowa to support IESBVI students, families, educators and staff, and will serve ISD at the Council Bluffs campus.

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