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The complete guide to getting into an economics PhD program

Back in May, Noah wrote about the amazingly good deal that is the PhD in economics. Why? Because:

• You get a job.
• You get autonomy.
• You get intellectual fulfillment.
• The risk is low.
• Unlike an MBA, law, or medical degree, you don’t have to worry about paying the sticker price for an econ PhD:  After the first year, most schools will give you teaching assistant positions that will pay for the next several years of graduate study, and some schools will take care of your tuition and expenses even in the first year. (See Miles’s companion post  for more about costs of graduate study and how econ PhD’s future earnings makes it worthwhile, even if you can’t get a full ride.)

Of course, such a good deal won’t last long now that the story is out, so you need to act fast! Since he wrote his post , Noah has received a large number of emails asking the obvious follow-up question: “How do I get into an econ PhD program?” And Miles has been asked the same thing many times by undergraduates and other students at the University of Michigan. So here, we present together our guide for how to break into the academic Elysium called Econ PhD Land:

(Note: This guide is mainly directed toward native English speakers, or those from countries whose graduate students are typically fluent in English, such as India and most European countries. Almost all highly-ranked graduate programs teach economics in English, and we find that students learn the subtle non-mathematical skills in economics better if English is second nature. If your nationality will make admissions committees wonder about your English skills, you can either get your bachelor’s degree at a—possibly foreign—college or university where almost all classes are taught in English, or you will have to compensate by being better on other dimensions. On the bright side, if you are a native English speaker, or from a country whose graduate students are typically fluent in English, you are already ahead in your quest to get into an economics PhD.)

Here is the not-very-surprising list of things that will help you get into a good econ PhD program:

• good grades, especially in whatever math and economics classes you take,
• a good score on the math GRE,
• some math classes and a statistics class on your transcript,
• research experience, and definitely at least one letter of recommendation from a researcher,
• a demonstrable interest in the field of economics.

Chances are, if you’re asking for advice, you probably feel unprepared in one of two ways. Either you don’t have a sterling math background, or you have quantitative skills but are new to the field of econ. Fortunately, we have advice for both types of applicant.

If you’re weak in math…

Fortunately, if you’re weak in math, we have good news:  Math is something you can learn . That may sound like a crazy claim to most Americans, who are raised to believe that math ability is in the genes. It may even sound like arrogance coming from two people who have never had to struggle with math. But we’ve both taught people math for many years, and we really believe that it’s true. Genes help a bit, but math is like a foreign language or a sport: effort will result in skill.

Here are the math classes you absolutely should take to get into a good econ program:

• Linear algebra
• Multivariable calculus

Here are the classes you should take, but can probably get away with studying on your own:

• Ordinary differential equations
• Real analysis

Linear algebra (matrices, vectors, and all that) is something that you’ll use all the time in econ, especially when doing work on a computer. Multivariable calculus also will be used a lot. And stats of course is absolutely key to almost everything economists do. Differential equations are something you will use once in a while. And real analysis—by far the hardest subject of the five—is something that you will probably never use in real econ research, but which the economics field has decided to use as a sort of general intelligence signaling device.

If you took some math classes but didn’t do very well, don’t worry.  Retake the classes . If you are worried about how that will look on your transcript, take the class the first time “off the books” at a different college (many community colleges have calculus classes) or online. Or if you have already gotten a bad grade, take it a second time off the books and then a third time for your transcript. If you work hard, every time you take the class you’ll do better. You will learn the math and be able to prove it by the grade you get. Not only will this help you get into an econ PhD program, once you get in, you’ll breeze through parts of grad school that would otherwise be agony.

Here’s another useful tip:  Get a book and study math on your own before taking the corresponding class for a grade. Reading math on your own is something you’re going to have to get used to doing in grad school anyway (especially during your dissertation!), so it’s good to get used to it now. Beyond course-related books, you can either pick up a subject-specific book (Miles learned much of his math from studying books in the Schaum’s outline series ), or get a “math for economists” book; regarding the latter, Miles recommends Mathematics for Economists  by Simon and Blume, while Noah swears by Mathematical Methods and Models for Economists  by de la Fuente. When you study on your own, the most important thing is to  work through a bunch of problems . That will give you practice for test-taking, and will be more interesting than just reading through derivations.

This will take some time, of course. That’s OK. That’s what summer is for (right?). If you’re late in your college career, you can always take a fifth year, do a gap year, etc.

When you get to grad school, you will have to take an intensive math course called “math camp” that will take up a good part of your summer. For how to get through math camp itself, see this guide by Jérémie Cohen-Setton .

One more piece of advice for the math-challenged:  Be a research assistant on something non-mathy . There are lots of economists doing relatively simple empirical work that requires only some basic statistics knowledge and the ability to use software like Stata. There are more and more experimental economists around, who are always looking for research assistants. Go find a prof and get involved! (If you are still in high school or otherwise haven’t yet chosen a college, you might want to choose one where some of the professors do experiments and so need research assistants—something that is easy to figure out by studying professors’ websites carefully, or by asking about it when you visit the college.)

If you’re new to econ…

If you’re a disillusioned physicist, a bored biostatistician, or a neuroscientist looking to escape that evil  Principal Investigator, don’t worry:  An econ background is not necessary . A lot of the best economists started out in other fields, while a lot of undergrad econ majors are headed for MBAs or jobs in banks. Econ PhD programs know this. They will probably not mind if you have never taken an econ class.

That said, you may still want to  take an econ class , just to verify that you actually like the subject, to start thinking about econ, and to prepare yourself for the concepts you’ll encounter. If you feel like doing this, you can probably skip Econ 101 and 102, and head straight for an Intermediate Micro or Intermediate Macro class.

Another good thing is to  read through an econ textbook . Although economics at the PhD level is mostly about the math and statistics and computer modeling (hopefully getting back to the real world somewhere along the way when you do your own research), you may also want to get the flavor of the less mathy parts of economics from one of the well-written lower-level textbooks (either one by Paul Krugman and Robin Wells , Greg Mankiw , or Tyler Cowen and Alex Tabarrok ) and maybe one at a bit higher level as well, such as David Weil’s excellent book on economic growth ) or Varian’s Intermediate Microeconomics .

Remember to take a statistics class , if you haven’t already. Some technical fields don’t require statistics, so you may have missed this one. But to econ PhD programs, this will be a gaping hole in your resume. Go take stats!

One more thing you can do is research with an economist . Fortunately, economists are generally extremely welcoming to undergrad RAs from outside econ, who often bring extra skills. You’ll get great experience working with data if you don’t have it already. It’ll help you come up with some research ideas to put in your application essays. And of course you’ll get another all-important letter of recommendation.

And now for…

General tips for everyone

Here is the most important tip for everyone:  Don’t just apply to “top” schools . For some degrees—an MBA for example—people question whether it’s worthwhile to go to a non-top school. But for econ departments, there’s no question. Both Miles and Noah have marveled at the number of smart people working at non-top schools. That includes some well-known bloggers, by the way—Tyler Cowen teaches at George Mason University (ranked 64th ), Mark Thoma teaches at the University of Oregon (ranked 56th ), and Scott Sumner teaches at Bentley, for example. Additionally, a flood of new international students is expanding the supply of quality students. That means that the number of high-quality schools is increasing; tomorrow’s top 20 will be like today’s top 10, and tomorrow’s top 100 will be like today’s top 50.

Apply to schools outside of the top 20—any school in the top 100 is worth considering, especially if it is strong in areas you are interested in. If your classmates aren’t as elite as you would like, that just means that you will get more attention from the professors, who almost all came out of top programs themselves. When Noah said in his earlier post that econ PhD students are virtually guaranteed to get jobs in an econ-related field, that applied to schools far down in the ranking. Everyone participates in the legendary centrally managed econ job market . Very few people ever fall through the cracks.

Next—and this should go without saying— don’t be afraid to retake the GRE . If you want to get into a top 10 school, you probably need a perfect or near-perfect score on the math portion of the GRE. For schools lower down the rankings, a good GRE math score is still important. Fortunately, the GRE math section is relatively simple to study for—there are only a finite number of topics covered, and with a little work you can “overlearn” all of them, so you can do them even under time pressure and when you are nervous. In any case, you can keep retaking the test until you get a good score (especially if the early tries are practice tests from the GRE prep books and prep software), and then you’re OK!

Here’s one thing that may surprise you: Getting an econ master’s degree alone won’t help . Although master’s degrees in economics are common among international students who apply to econ PhD programs, American applicants do just fine without a master’s degree on their record. If you want that extra diploma, realize that once you are in a PhD program, you will get a master’s degree automatically after two years. And if you end up dropping out of the PhD program, that master’s degree will be worth more than a stand-alone master’s would. The one reason to get a master’s degree is if it can help you remedy a big deficiency in your record, say not having taken enough math or stats classes, not having taken any econ classes, or not having been able to get anyone whose name admissions committees would recognize to write you a letter of recommendation.

For getting into grad school, much more valuable than a master’s is a stint as a research assistant in the Federal Reserve System or at a think tank —though these days, such positions can often be as hard to get into as a PhD program!

Finally—and if you’re reading this, chances are you’re already doing this— read some econ blogs . (See Miles’s speculations about the future of the econ blogosphere here .) Econ blogs are no substitute for econ classes, but they’re a great complement. Blogs are good for picking up the lingo of academic economists, and learning to think like an economist. Don’t be afraid to  write  a blog either, even if no one ever reads it (you don’t have to be writing at the same level as Evan Soltas or Yichuan Wang );  you can still put it on your CV, or just practice writing down your thoughts. And when you write your dissertation, and do research later on in your career, you are going to have to think for yourself outside the context of a class . One way to practice thinking critically is by critiquing others’ blog posts, at least in your head.

Anyway, if you want to have intellectual stimulation and good work-life balance, and a near-guarantee of a well-paying job in your field of interest, an econ PhD could be just the thing for you. Don’t be scared of the math and the jargon. We’d love to have you.

Update:  Miles’s colleague Jeff Smith at the University of Michigan amplifies many of the things we say on his blog.  For a  complete  guide, be sure to see what Jeff has to say, too.

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The Harvard Department of Economics has long tried to use scholarship to find answers for some of the world’s most pressing questions including the future of work, ending global poverty, and improving the environment. We believe nothing should limit the economist’s imagination.

You will be part of a program that includes people working in many fields, such as finance, economic history, behavioral economics, political economy, and many more. The program will prepare you for a productive and stimulating career as an economist. You will attend seminars given by top scholars from both domestic and international communities and will have access to over 13 million books and pamphlets from 90 separate library units at Harvard.

Examples of student research include how investor base composition is an important determinant of bond price dynamics and capital allocation outcomes in response to aggregate credit cycle fluctuations, and the long-term effects that temporary upstream steel tariffs on US manufacturing have on downstream industries.

Graduates have secured academic positions at prestigious institutions like MIT, Stanford University, and Yale University. Others have gone on to careers at organizations like the International Monetary Fund, Vanguard, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and Amazon.

Additional information on the graduate program is available from the Department of Economics and requirements for the degree are detailed in Policies .

Admissions Requirements

Please review admissions requirements and other information before applying. You can find degree program-specific admissions requirements below and access additional guidance on applying from the Department of Economics .

Academic Background

Applicants should have an understanding of economics and have taken at least some economics courses beyond the principles level. Applicants should be able to demonstrate their ability to do research by either having done research previously or via experience as a research assistant. In the latter instance, a letter from the supervisor indicating the ability to do research is critical.

Writing Sample

A writing sample is required and must be no less than 15 pages.

Math Preparation

The minimum level of mathematical preparation to be considered for admission includes calculus and linear algebra and demonstration of proficiency with mathematics. Increasingly, successful applicants will have taken more mathematics classes. In particular, most successful applicants now take real analysis, although that is not a requirement.

Standardized Tests

GRE General: Required GRE Subject Test: Optional

Applying to More Than One Program

Harvard has several PhD programs that may also be of interest to students considering applying to the PhD program in economics. These include Business Economics , Public Policy , and Health Policy . Many students in these programs have considerable overlap in their coursework with courses offered to PhD students in economics. Many also have dissertation committees that include faculty members of the economics department.

We encourage those with interest in any of those programs to also apply to those programs. The Department of Economics will make admissions decisions independently, so application to or admission to other programs will not adversely affect admissions decisions within the department. However, please note that if you choose to apply to additional programs, you can only submit three applications to Harvard Griffin GSAS during the course of your academic career.

Campus Visits

The department arranges for campus visits for all admitted students and we cover a portion the costs associated with these visits. We do not encourage visits prior to being admitted. Since the department receives an overwhelming number of applications, it’s simply more efficient to arrange meetings with faculty after students are accepted rather than before.

Theses & Dissertations

Theses & Dissertations for Economics

See list of Economics faculty

APPLICATION DEADLINE

Questions about the program.

Doctoral Program

The Ph.D. program is a full time program leading to a Doctoral Degree in Economics.  Students specialize in various fields within Economics by enrolling in field courses and attending field specific lunches and seminars.  Students gain economic breadth by taking additional distribution courses outside of their selected fields of interest.

General requirements

Students  are required to complete 1 quarter of teaching experience. Teaching experience includes teaching assistantships within the Economics department or another department .

University's residency requirement

135 units of full-tuition residency are required for PhD students. After that, a student should have completed all course work and must request Terminal Graduate Registration (TGR) status.

Department degree requirements and student checklist

1. core course requirement.

Required: Core Microeconomics (202-203-204) Core Macroeconomics (210-211-212) Econometrics (270-271-272).  The Business School graduate microeconomics class series may be substituted for the Econ Micro Core.  Students wishing to waive out of any of the first year core, based on previous coverage of at least 90% of the material,  must submit a waiver request to the DGS at least two weeks prior to the start of the quarter.  A separate waiver request must be submitted for each course you are requesting to waive.  The waiver request must include a transcript and a syllabus from the prior course(s) taken.  

2.  Field Requirements

Required:  Two of the Following Fields Chosen as Major Fields (click on link for specific field requirements).  Field sequences must be passed with an overall grade average of B or better.  Individual courses require a letter grade of B- or better to pass unless otherwise noted.

Research fields and field requirements :

• Behavioral & Experimental
• Development Economics
• Econometric Methods with Causal Inference
• Econometrics
• Economic History
• Environmental, Resource and Energy Economics
• Industrial Organization
• International Trade & Finance
• Labor Economics
• Market Design
• Microeconomic Theory
• Macroeconomics
• Political Economy
• Public Economics

3.  Distribution

Required:  Four other graduate-level courses must be completed. One of these must be from the area of economic history (unless that field has already been selected above). These courses must be distributed in such a way that at least two fields not selected above are represented.  Distribution courses must be passed with a grade of B or better.

4.  Field Seminars/Workshops

Required:  Three quarters of two different field seminars or six quarters of the same field seminar from the list below.   

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The department of Economics at Harvard University is committed to seeking out and mentoring scholars who wish to pursue a rigorous and rewarding career in economic research. Our graduates are trailblazers in their fields and contribute to a diverse alumni community in both the academic and non-academic sectors. We invite you to learn more about the PhD program in Economics . Have questions about applying? Please thoroughly check the GSAS admission website before emailing us at: [email protected] . 

Harvard does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, religion, age, national origin, political beliefs, veteran status, or disability unrelated to job or course of study requirements, and we actively  seek applicants  from historically underrepresented communities. We hope you’ll consider applying. Immigration status does not factor into decisions about admissions and financial aid. For more information, see  Undocumented at Harvard . 

Apply to Economics @Harvard

Application Requirements

• Completed online application form (Must be completed by December 1st)
• Statement of Purpose
• Transcripts for all college/university degrees and courses Self-reported transcripts are accepted for both all programs at the application stage. Applicants must upload copies of his/her transcripts to the online application system. Hard copy transcripts will only be required if admitted to a program, prior to enrollment.
• Current GRE scores
• TOEFL or IELTS scores (non-native English speakers see details below)
• Three letters of recommendation (at least one from an academic source). Recommendation letters must be submitted online through the online application system. 
• Application fee 
• Writing sample (at least 15 pages in length)

All applicants are required to take the  General Test of the Graduate Record Examination  (GRE). Test scores are valid for five years (scores must be from no earlier than January 5, 2019 for Fall 2024 admission). Applicants are, however, advised to take the exam no later than mid-November. There is no minimum test score requirement. A department code is not required for score submission. Institution Codes for PhD Programs GRE: 3451

Financial Aid

All admitted students are awarded a financial package which includes tuition, single-person health insurance, living stipend for the first two years, teaching and research assistant stipends and a completion fellowship in the final year of the program.

International Applications

Adequate command of spoken and written English is required for admission. Applicants whose native language is other than English and who do not hold a Bachelor's degree or its equivalent from an institution at which English is the language of instruction must submit  TOEFL  or IELTS scores.

TOEFL/IELTS scores are valid for two years. (scores must be from no earlier than January 5, 2022 for Fall 2024 admission). The committee prefers scores of at least 100 on the internet-based test.  Institution Codes for Toefl score reports PhD programs: 3451

Reapplicants

Applicants who applied last year are considered reapplicants. Those reapplying must submit a completely new application. The new application must include all required documents to be provided by the applicant - we will not re-use material previously submitted. These materials include an updated statement of purpose, transcripts, test score reports, updated letters of recommendation, the application fee, and any other supporting materials

Please note, Harvard University will accept no more than three applications from any one individual over the course of his/her lifetime.

Applying to more than one Program

Harvard has several PhD programs that may also be of interest to students considering applying to the PhD program in economics. These include Business Economics, Political Economy and Government, Public Policy, and Health Policy.  Many students in these programs have considerable overlap in their coursework with courses offered to PhD students in economics.   Many also have dissertation committees that include faculty members of the economics department. Please refer to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences for applicable program deadlines.  (Deadlines have already passed for some programs this year but not for others.) We encourage those with interest in any of those programs to also apply to those programs. The economics department will make admissions decisions independently, so application to or admission to other programs will not adversely affect admissions decisions within the Economics department. If you opt to apply, please note, the Graduate School will not accept more than three applications from any individual during the course of his or her academic career. 

Application Assistance and Mentoring Program

Many students interested in an economics PhD experience disparate degrees of support in the application process. The Application Assistance and Mentoring Program (AAMP) aims to mitigate these gaps by helping students from underrepresented groups connect with a graduate student mentor in MIT or Harvard’s PhD economics programs. These mentors can provide:

• Advice on graduate school and fellowship applications, including questions about the application process and feedback on application materials.

• Information about economics research, life as a PhD student or in an academic career, for students who are deciding whether a PhD in economics is the right choice for them.

The AAMP aims to increase the pipeline of diverse talent in economics PhD programs and welcomes participation from all groups underrepresented in economics, including but not limited to: Black, Hispanic-Latinx, Native American, low-income, and LGBTQ+ students, women, students with disabilities, and students who are the first in their families to go to college. The AAMP welcomes participation among students at various stages of their economics studies, including undergraduates and college graduates. The AAMP is open to students who are curious about the academic economics experience and interested in figuring out if it’s right for them. 

Interested participants should fill out the application linked below. We will accept applications until July 17th, 2023. Mentorship will begin over the summer and continue through Fall 2023. Mentees who prefer to meet for a single “coffee chat” may indicate their preference on the form. We will do our best to match all interested applicants with a mentor; however, demand may exceed the availability of mentors.

Please note that the MIT / Harvard Economics AAMP is a volunteer-based, student-run program. This program is not considered part of the admissions process for the Economics PhD at MIT or Harvard, nor will any student's participation in the AAMP be considered by the Graduate Admissions Committee at either school.

Please direct any questions to [email protected] . To join the program, please click the link below to fill out the form.

Application Assistance and Mentoring Program Form

• PhD Program
• Program Requirements
• Job Placement
• Financial Support

PhD Program

Year after year, our top-ranked PhD program sets the standard for graduate economics training across the country. Graduate students work closely with our world-class faculty to develop their own research and prepare to make impactful contributions to the field.

Our doctoral program enrolls 20-24 full-time students each year and students complete their degree in five to six years. Students undertake core coursework in microeconomic theory, macroeconomics, and econometrics, and are expected to complete two major and two minor fields in economics. Beyond the classroom, doctoral students work in close collaboration with faculty to develop their research capabilities, gaining hands-on experience in both theoretical and empirical projects.

How to apply

Students are admitted to the program once per year for entry in the fall. The online application opens on September 15 and closes on December 15.

Meet our students

Our PhD graduates go on to teach in leading economics departments, business schools, and schools of public policy, or pursue influential careers with organizations and businesses around the world. 

What Can You Do with a Master’s in Economics? 5 Career Paths

Industry Advice Business Science & Mathematics

The economics field is expected to see substantial growth over the next decade due to the increase in available data across industries and the need for professionals with the appropriate training and skills to turn that data into actionable insights.

The evolution of the field brings an increase in opportunities for those with a graduate degree in economics. Below, we explore the most common industries and roles for MS in Economics graduates and offer advice on how to choose the master’s in economics program that’s right for you.

Economics Career Outlook

Graduate education can increase a professional’s earning potential by 18 percent or more across industries, and the economics field is no different. As of 2022, economics professionals earn a median annual salary of $113,940 , with the top 10 percent earning more than $207,230 annually. 

A competitive salary isn’t the only benefit of pursuing a career in economics , however. Organizations across industries now rely on economics professionals’ insights, resulting in an anticipated six  percent growth in job opportunities in economics from 2022 to 2032.

Given the high salary and in-demand roles, competition for economics jobs has gotten fiercer over time. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics notes that most roles in this field now require a master’s degree or higher in economics.

Advance Your Career with a Master’s in Economics

Combine theory with practice to prepare for a career contributing to social, economic, and environmental change.

EXPLORE THE PROGRAM

5 Jobs for Those with a Master’s in Economics 

Here, we outline five of the most common job titles for professionals with a master’s in economics.

1. Economist

Average Salary: $113,940 per year

According to Jun Ma , PhD, professor and director of the Master of Science in Economics program , economist is the most common job title for those with an advanced degree in economics.

Economists are typically responsible for the following tasks: 

• Gathering and analyzing data using statistical models
• Evaluating and reporting on economic trends
• Advising organizations based on collected insights
• Providing recommendations and solutions to problems based on statistical data

With roles spanning the private sector, government agencies, international organizations, and more, these professionals are in high demand.

2. Data Scientist

Average Salary: $144,250 per year

Data scientists work with other business professionals to understand what goals need to be set—as well as how to reach them—using a thorough analysis of data. They’re responsible for the following:

• Gathering and analyzing unstructured data sets
• Developing or designing data modeling processes, algorithms, predictive models, or statistical systems used to perform custom analysis
• Using gathered data to help answer questions or guide partners in determining economic policies

Data scientists are instrumental in ensuring their organizations make informed decisions.

3. Professor of Economics

Average Salary: $98,200 per year

Economics professors apply their real-world experiences and skills to mold future generations of economists. Primarily, these educators cover topics covering a variety of economic principles, including:

• Micro and macroeconomics
• Statistical and econometric tools
• Quantitative methods of data analysis

Academia is a very common path for those seeking a non-practical application of their economics training.

4. Senior Financial Analyst

Average Salary: $95,250 per year

Financial analysts help corporations make strategic investments and business decisions by evaluating the trends, demographics, and economic factors that might affect their finances. At the senior level, these professionals may:

• Analyze an organization’s accounting data
• Evaluate risk
• Demonstrate the projection of future long- and short-term growth
• Present recommendations for ways to maintain, adjust, or otherwise improve a company’s financial position

According to Ma, financial analysts may work in a commercial bank, mortgage bank, investment bank, or other similar organizations.

5. Data Analyst

Average Salary: $113,250 per year

Not to be confused with a data scientist, data analysts evaluate previously compiled data in order to identify trends, draw conclusions, and solve problems within an organization. These professionals may also:

• Create and maintain data collection systems and tools
• Interpret data sets using statistical models
• Communicate with business teams about key findings

While these responsibilities may vary based on company and industry, the fundamental objective of a data analyst is to use data to solve problems and gain meaningful insights.

Top Sectors for Economics Professionals

Professionals who graduate from a master’s in economics program gain hands-on learning experience and an understanding of key tools and competencies that students with an undergraduate degree don’t typically possess. As a result, these individuals can apply their skill sets to work in a variety of settings. 

Below, Ma  explains the three main sectors that employ economics professionals.

1. The Private Sector

Many with a background in economics choose to take on roles as analysts, data scientists, or economists within a variety of fields. From banking to biotechnology, there are many private sector initiatives that require the statistical analysis skills of an economics professional. 

The types of companies economics professionals might work with include:

• Consulting firms
• Private banks
• Pharmaceutical companies
• Biotechnology companies
• Tech companies

Though all of these career paths provide excellent opportunities for graduates, Ma acknowledges that the technology sector has perhaps seen the largest rise in opportunities.

“Our graduates recently are in great demand in the tech and business industries because tech companies nowadays like to hire economics graduates to analyze data in data science positions,” he says. “Many of our graduates have found positions doing just that at top companies.”

2. Government Agencies

Economics professionals can apply their skills to a variety of careers within the public or governmental sectors. They may take on national, state, or local roles within government agencies. Ma identifies that other top organizations these individuals work in include the Federal Reserve Bank Service’s Central Bank , the Bureau of Labor Statistics , and other think tanks focused on research and advocacy. 

3. International Organizations

There are also many global opportunities for those with an advanced economic background. Ma identifies that professionals may work with organizations such as the International Monetary Fund’s World Bank or the United Nations , among others.

Pursuing a Master’s in Economics

Obtaining a master’s in economics is an excellent way to advance your career, increase your salary potential, and remain competitive within the industry. To get the most out of your education, however, it’s important to select a program that best meets your educational and professional goals.

Here are a few key aspects to consider when choosing a master’s in economics.

1. Faculty Quality and Experience

The faculty at top programs like Northeastern’s provide graduate students with more than just knowledge from a textbook; they bring real-world experience from the field into the classroom. 

Many of Northeastern’s faculty members are actively working in the industry when they’re not teaching. As such, they bring up-to-the-minute industry trends, cutting-edge techniques, and state-of-the-art economic theories into the classroom. What’s more, because these faculty work in different sectors, they can help students determine their future career paths and provide actionable insights about how to address real-world economic scenarios across industries.

2. Opportunities for Hands-on Learning

Ma says that Northeastern’s experiential learning opportunities are one of the primary reasons students see so much success after graduation. These opportunities allow students to take the skills they’ve learned in the classroom and apply them hands-on within an organization in their industry of choice.

“We have classes that teach students the practical skills that will help them thrive in industry,” Ma explains. “Once they learn those skills from class, they get a chance to practice them within a company or government agency.” 

Ma further explains that Northeastern is committed to setting students up for success within the specific role, industry, or sector they wish to work in. As such, they have the flexibility to complete a co-op—a six-month, paid, hands-on learning experience—in any organization they want. 

Keep in Mind: Co-ops also provide students with a chance to build their professional network and open doors to future employment opportunities. With 85 percent of all jobs today being filled through networking, this type of exposure to industry-leading professionals can go a long way in helping students stand out in a competitive job market.

3. Ability to Specialize Your Education

Alongside the chance to personalize your experiential learning, Northeastern’s master’s in economics is also designed to help students customize their courses to complement their unique aspirations.

“We design our program to provide students with a very general framework of economic and econometric models, but also have designed the program in such a way that we can tailor to every student’s different interests and career paths,” Ma says.

To do this, Northeastern offers unique tracks within the program, each of which provides extensive knowledge in a specific application of economics. “The tracks are established so that students will know what classes to take given their career of interest,” Ma explains. Some of the most common include:

• A qualitative analysis track
• An academic track
• A policy track that involves specialty areas such as health and financial economics

Alongside these more informal tracks, Northeastern’s master’s of economics program also offers a formal concentration in data science. 

Take the Next Step

Ready to embark on a career in economics? A master’s degree from Northeastern can help set you on a path toward success. Learn more about this program , then get in touch with our enrollment coaches for personalized advice on applying, leveraging your degree in the industry, and more.

This article was originally written in 2020 and has since been updated for accuracy. 

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Employment of economists is projected to grow 14% by 2029, much faster than the average for all occupations. (BLS, 2019)

Master of Science in Economics

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Department of Economics

The Ph.D. program in Economics at Brown trains students in economic theory and the tools of economic analysis. Through coursework, participation in seminars, and supervised research students are taught to conduct theoretical and empirical research at the highest level.

The Economics Department will be accepting applications to its PhD program for Fall 2024.  Applications are due by January 1, 2024. Application information is available at  https://www.brown.edu/graduateprograms/economics-phd  . 

FAQ: If you have questions about the program or the admissions process please consult our list of frequently asked questions  . If your questions are not answered there please contact  [email protected] . 

Requirements

The Ph.D. degree usually requires two years of course work, followed by supervised research and the completion of a doctoral dissertation.

The first year involves core courses in:

• Microeconomics (Economics 2050, 2060)
• Macroeconomics (Economics 2070, 2080)
• Econometrics (Economics 2030, 2040)
• One in mathematics (Economics 2010)
• One in applied economics analysis (Economics 2020) 

Students will take microeconomics, macroeconomics, and econometrics in their first year and must receive a passing grade in these courses. Starting in the second year, each student chooses two fields of specialization, and takes an oral field exam. Each field comprises two advanced courses within an area. Beyond the fields, the student takes three additional advanced courses, for a total of seven.  Students must receive a B or better in these courses. The rest of pre-dissertation requirements include a poster presentation in late March, a research paper turned in during May of the third year, and successful seminar presentations each year from the fourth year and on.

Handbook of the Graduate Program

The detailed description of all requirements, along with guidelines for the student, can be found in The Handbook of the Graduate Program.

View Handbook

Dissertation

The culmination of the Ph.D. program is the dissertation, which embodies the results of the student's original research. Work on the dissertation usually takes two-three years after completion of course work. Students working on dissertations participate actively in research workshops. After a faculty committee has approved the dissertation, the student takes a final oral examination on the subject of the dissertation.

High Standards

The work in the Ph.D. program is demanding and the standards of performance are high. The Department's reputation for providing superb training has enabled its graduates to compile an excellent placement record. Some of the institutions at which recent graduates have obtained positions include major research universities (Chicago, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, Michigan, Dartmouth, Minnesota, New York University, Penn State, University College London, University of British Columbia, University of Pittsburgh, University of Toronto, University of Virginia), prestigious liberal arts colleges (Wesleyan University and Williams College), government and international agencies (International Monetary Fund, Federal Trade Commission, World Bank, Congressional Budget Office, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, US Census Bureau), and private industrial, consulting, and research firms. Brown graduates have an outstanding record of research accomplishments and publications.

Exceptional Faculty

The Department currently has about 40 tenure track faculty . The faculty includes several Fellows of the Econometric Society, several Sloan Fellows, several Guggenheim Fellows, several recipients of prestigious prizes and awards, the editor of the Journal of Economic Growth, the editor of the Journal of Financial Intermediation, a past editor of the American Economic Review, and several associates and fellows of the National Bureau of Economic Research and the Center for Economic Policy Research. The Department's faculty publishes regularly their research in the top journals of economics and other disciplines, as well as in top field journals (see our "Selected Faculty Publications"). Members of the faculty in the Department have also delivered numerous named, keynote and plenary lectures in main international scientific conferences. The atmosphere in the Department is highly collegial. Interaction among faculty members and graduate students is easy and extensive. The department collaborates with the  Brown Population Studies and Training Center,  which provides support for students doing research in population economics and economic development. Active workshops provide opportunities for faculty, graduate students, and visiting scholars to discuss current research. Library and computer facilities are excellent. 

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PhD Programs

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• Business Economics
• Health Policy (Management)
• Organizational Behavior
• Technology & Operations Management

Students in our PhD programs are encouraged from day one to think of this experience as their first job in business academia—a training ground for a challenging and rewarding career generating rigorous, relevant research that influences practice.

Our doctoral students work with faculty and access resources throughout HBS and Harvard University. The PhD program curriculum requires coursework at HBS and other Harvard discipline departments, and with HBS and Harvard faculty on advisory committees. Faculty throughout Harvard guide the programs through their participation on advisory committees.

How do I know which program is right for me?

There are many paths, but we are one HBS. Our PhD students draw on diverse personal and professional backgrounds to pursue an ever-expanding range of research topics. Explore more here about each program’s requirements & curriculum, read student profiles for each discipline as well as student research , and placement information.

The PhD in Business Administration grounds students in the disciplinary theories and research methods that form the foundation of an academic career. Jointly administered by HBS and GSAS, the program has five areas of study: Accounting and Management , Management , Marketing , Strategy , and Technology and Operations Management . All areas of study involve roughly two years of coursework culminating in a field exam. The remaining years of the program are spent conducting independent research, working on co-authored publications, and writing the dissertation. Students join these programs from a wide range of backgrounds, from consulting to engineering. Many applicants possess liberal arts degrees, as there is not a requirement to possess a business degree before joining the program

The PhD in Business Economics provides students the opportunity to study in both Harvard’s world-class Economics Department and Harvard Business School. Throughout the program, coursework includes exploration of microeconomic theory, macroeconomic theory, probability and statistics, and econometrics. While some students join the Business Economics program directly from undergraduate or masters programs, others have worked in economic consulting firms or as research assistants at universities or intergovernmental organizations.

The PhD program in Health Policy (Management) is rooted in data-driven research on the managerial, operational, and strategic issues facing a wide range of organizations. Coursework includes the study of microeconomic theory, management, research methods, and statistics. The backgrounds of students in this program are quite varied, with some coming from public health or the healthcare industry, while others arrive at the program with a background in disciplinary research

The PhD program in Organizational Behavior offers two tracks: either a micro or macro approach. In the micro track, students focus on the study of interpersonal relationships within organizations and the effects that groups have on individuals. Students in the macro track use sociological methods to examine organizations, groups, and markets as a whole, including topics such as the influence of individuals on organizational change, or the relationship between social missions and financial objectives. Jointly administered by HBS and GSAS, the program includes core disciplinary training in sociology or psychology, as well as additional coursework in organizational behavior.

Accounting & Management  

Business economics  , health policy (management)  , management  , marketing  , organizational behavior  , strategy  , technology & operations management  .

Economics MA (For UC Berkeley graduate students)

The Economics PhD program at UC Berkeley is designed for students interested in pursuing advanced study and conducting original research in economics. The PhD degree is awarded in recognition of the recipient's qualifications as a general economist and of the ability to make scholarly contributions in fields of specialization. New admissions to the graduate program are restricted to students pursuing the PhD degree. There is no external, terminal program for the MA degree.

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For UC Berkeley Students

PhD in Economics

The doctoral program in economics provides students with a sophisticated and critical grounding in economic analysis, so that they can contribute creatively to research, teaching, and social policy. This commitment has gained the department an international reputation as a center for research in innovative approaches to economics.

The entering graduate class consists of ten to twelve students each year. The focus of the department, as well as its policy of maintaining small classes and promoting close contact between faculty and students, has permitted the program to attract talented students on a par with other highly selective graduate programs in the country.

The graduate program in economics is primarily designed for doctoral candidates, but a master of arts in economics can be awarded along the way. 

Application information & deadlines

January 15, 2024.

Gain critical grounding in economic analysis and innovative economic theory so you can contribute creatively to research, teaching, and social policy.

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MA Economics

You are here: american university college of arts & sciences economics ma.

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MA Economics & MA International Economics

With AU's Economics MA, you will work to resolve society’s most important challenges. Our scholars create gender-aware macroeconomic toolkits, recommend tax policies to reduce income inequality, illuminate caregivers' socioeconomic contributions, improve health outcomes — and so much more.

Our engagement-oriented MA offers four specializations to fit your interests and goals: Applied Economics (on campus or online ), Development Economics, Financial Economics, and Gender Analysis. We also offer an MA in International Economics. Request Info      How to Apply

• Mode of Study On campus or online
• Requirements 30-36 credits
• Time to Complete 18 mos. or your own pace
• Course Scheduling Afternoons and evenings
• Tuition and Funding $2000 per credit. All applicants automatically considered for merit scholarships; visit  Tuition and Funding .
• Admissions Start in fall, spring, or summer. No GRE or economics degree required. Designated as a STEM degree program; visit Admission and Requirements .

Research Breadth

Our students and faculty employ a wide variety of theoretical and methodological methods to address the diverse set of problems facing the world today.

National Partnerships

Partnerships with groups like the Institute for Women's Policy Research and National Association for Business Economics or current policy work help center students in vital research and launch careers.

MA Alum Reshaping Haiti's Economy

Social entrepreneur Marc Alain Boucicault leverages technology to reshape international socioeconomic dynamics .

Tailor Your Degree 

We prepare students for careers in a range of areas, from business to academia to public policy. Our students develop the skills to analyze data, explain outcomes and predictions, question theoretical frameworks, and convey concepts to a wide audience.

The MA culminates in students' self-designed capstone projects investigating issues within their selected field of Applied Economics, Development Economics, Financial Economics, Gender Analysis, or International Economics:

A Career in Economics: It's Much More than You Think

Four diverse individuals offer their insights on how a background in economics can be a tool for solving very human problems.

• Applied Economics On Campus : Offers a rigorous combination of theoretical courses in economics and field courses such as labor, international finance, trade, and economic history.
• Applied Economics Online : All courses can be completed online at times you choose. Offers a rigorous combination of economic theory, econometrics, and selected field courses.
• Development Economics : Focuses on the micro- and macroeconomic concerns that affect developing countries; includes a required, two-course sequence on development economics.
• Financial Economics : Choose from classes on financial economics from the Department of Economics and the Kogod School of Business
• Gender Analysis : Applies gender analysis to a variety of economic problems, including those in labor economics, public finance, development, and international trade and investment. See also our  Program on Gender Analysis in Economics .

See complete admission and course requirments for the on-campus  Economics MA  (Applied, Development, Financial, or Gender), MA Online , or International Economics MA .

Alumna Spotlight: Maeve Fryer

More about Maeve

Three things drew Meave Fryer to American University’s Applied Economics MA program: DC’s robust job market, small and intimate classes, and faculty research that lined up with her interests — development and humanitarian economics with a focus on gender perspectives.

Meave has taken advantage of all these things during her time at AU. In June 2021, she began interning at a Virginia development and humanitarian aid agency. She’s now working as the agency’s monitoring and evaluation assistant, contributing to its mission of designing human development programs for some of the world's most challenging environments.

The work is a perfect fit for Meave, who wants to pursue development and humanitarian economics after graduation, in the monitoring and evaluation field. “Humanitarian aid programs aim to save lives, alleviate suffering, and maintain human dignity for victims of natural disasters, wars, famines, or other catastrophic events,” she says. “Evidence-based and efficient interventions are critical. Monitoring and evaluation of such programs keep implementors accountable to the populations they serve.”

Meave says her AU experience has helped her develop applied research skills to complement her background in international development. “I appreciate my professors for preparing me for life after graduation by not only teaching me how to use econometric tools, but always contextualizing them with real-world applications. The support of my cohort has also been key in making my experience at AU so fulfilling.”

Career Outlook

Consistently ranked as one of the best cities for job seekers, DC offers access to an extraordinary array of professional opportunities for trained economists. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the DC metropolitan area is home to over one-third of all economists nationwide. Nationwide employment of economists is projected to grow 6 percent from 2022 to 2032, faster than the average for all occupations.

Our faculty’s relationships with DC institutions opens doors in the nation’s capital: 61 percent of our students complete internships with prospective employers. Our  partnership  with the National Association for Business Economics (NABE), the preeminent professional association for private-sector economists, further increases job opportunities — nearly 80 percent of jobs are never publicly listed — by giving our students access to NABE’s private listing of job openings.

Our students and graduates find successful careers and rewarding internships with some of the world’s most important institutions, including  

• Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System 
• Freddie Mac
• Interamerican Development Bank 
• International Monetary Fund 
• PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
• US Bureau of Labor Statistics 
• US Department of Health & Human Services 
• The World Bank Group

In addition, many of our graduates go on to pursue PhDs in Economics.

Ready to dive in? Start Application

Frequently Asked Questions

Can i be admitted to the ma in economics program if i do not have a ba in economics.

Yes! Prior to enrolling in any MA courses, however, students must show that they have met the prerequisites for the program including: Intermediate Microeconomics (ECON-300) and Intermediate Macroeconomics (ECON-301) (or Introduction to Economic Theory (ECON-603); Basic Statistics (ECON-202); and Applied Calculus (ECON-211). We are happy to waive these prerequisites for students who have completed comparable courses from another institution. Prerequisite credits are not counted toward your degree.

How much flexibility do students have in creating their own curriculum?

All MA students must complete 18 credit hours of core courses, including Introduction to Mathematical Economics, Macroeconomics, Microeconomics, Econometrics I and II, and the culminating Capstone Seminar.  

Students in the

• on-campus MA in Economics can choose from one of four tracks: Applied Economics, Development Economics, Gender Analysis in Economics, or Financial Economics, and choose an additional 12 credit hours based on their track.  
• online program must similarly complete an additional 12 credit hours.  
• MA in International Economics program choose an additional 18 credit hour, including courses in International Political Economy, International Trade, and International Finance.

How long does it take to earn an MA in Economics?

Full-time students typically complete the 30 credit hour MA in Economics program in 1.5 years, taking nine credit hours per semester.  Full-time students in the MA in International Economics program typically take 2 years to complete the 36 credit hour program.  Part-time students who can take 3 to 6 credits per semester will take longer to complete the required credit hours.  All of our MA courses are offered in the evening.

Does the program have an online option?

AU offers an online MA in Economic s with a specialization in Applied Economics.

Still have questions? Send us an email: [email protected]

Please send me information about Master's Degrees in Economics

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MA Economics Career Opportunities

• Admission Process
• Popular Colleges
• MA Economics Jobs Overview

Master of Arts (MA) in Economics opens up a wide array of job opportunities across various sectors. Economists with this degree are equipped with analytical and quantitative skills that are highly valued in today's global economy.

One common career path for MA Economics graduates is in the field of finance. They can work as financial analysts, investment bankers, or risk managers, analyzing market trends and making informed financial decisions. Additionally, they are well-suited for roles in government agencies, where they can contribute to economic policy development and data analysis.

Corporations also seek economists to help with pricing strategies, market research, and forecasting demand. Consulting firms often employ MA Economics graduates to provide expert advice on economic issues to clients. Moreover, academia offers opportunities for those interested in research and teaching.

MA in Economics provides graduates with a versatile skill set that is in demand across industries, making it a valuable qualification for a diverse range of career paths in both the public and private sectors.

Table of Contents

Ma economics jobs highlights, top ma economics job profiles, top academic courses to pursue after ma economics, career opportunities after ma economics, top companies hiring ma economics graduates, faqs about ma economics jobs.

Here's a table highlighting the important aspects of MA Economics jobs in India:

These aspects provide a snapshot of the job landscape for MA Economics graduates in India, showcasing the diverse career options and potential for growth in this field.

Here are some of the top job profiles for individuals with a Master of Arts (MA) in Economics:

Economist: Economists analyze economic data, trends, and policies to provide insights into various economic issues. They work in government, academia, research institutions, and private organizations.

Financial Analyst: Financial analysts assess investment opportunities, analyze financial data, and make recommendations for investment strategies. They work in banks, investment firms, and corporate finance departments.

Policy Analyst: Policy analysts research and evaluate government policies and their impact on the economy. They often work in government agencies, think tanks, and advocacy organizations.

Data Analyst: Data analysts collect, process, and analyze data to identify trends and make data-driven decisions. In economics, they often work with economic data to derive insights.

Market Research Analyst: Market research analysts study consumer behavior and market trends to help businesses make informed decisions about products and services. They use economic principles to understand market dynamics.

Risk Analyst: Risk analysts assess potential risks and their financial impact on organizations. They work in financial institutions, insurance companies, and corporate risk management departments.

Investment Banker: Investment bankers assist companies in raising capital, mergers and acquisitions, and financial advisory services. A background in economics is valuable for understanding market dynamics.

Consultant: Consultants provide expert advice to businesses and organizations on various economic issues, such as pricing strategies, market entry, and competitive analysis. They often work in consulting firms.

Lecturer/ Professor: MA Economics graduates can pursue a career in academia, teaching economics at colleges and universities, and conducting research in their area of expertise.

International Development Specialist: Specialists in international development work with organizations like the United Nations or NGOs to address global economic and social challenges, such as poverty reduction and sustainable development.

These job profiles highlight the versatility of an MA in Economics, offering opportunities in diverse sectors including finance, government, research, and academia. The choice of career often depends on individual interests and skills.

After completing a Master of Arts (MA) in Economics, you have various options for further academic courses that can enhance your knowledge and career prospects. The choice of course depends on your interests and career goals. Consider taking these top academic courses:

PhD in Economics:

Pursuing a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Economics allows you to specialize in a particular area of economics and conduct original research. This advanced degree is essential for academic careers and research positions in think tanks, government agencies, and international organizations.

Master's in Finance or Financial Economics:

If you want to transition into the finance industry, a Master's in Finance or Financial Economics can provide you with the quantitative skills and knowledge needed for roles in banking, investment management, and corporate finance.

Master's in Public Policy or Public Administration:

These programs are ideal if you are interested in public policy analysis, government roles, or working for non-profit organizations. They provide a comprehensive understanding of policy-making and implementation.

Master's in Data Science or Applied Economics:

With the increasing importance of data analysis in economics, pursuing a Master's in Data Science or Applied Economics can equip you with the skills to work as a data analyst, econometrician, or economic consultant.

Master's in International Relations or International Development:

If you're interested in global economics, international relations, or development economics, these programs can provide you with a deeper understanding of global issues and policy analysis.

Master's in Business Administration (MBA):

An MBA program can be a valuable choice if you want to explore managerial and leadership roles in various industries, including finance, consulting, and entrepreneurship. It combines business and economics knowledge.

Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) Program:

If your focus is on finance and investment management, pursuing the CFA designation can be an excellent choice. It's a globally recognized qualification for finance professionals.

Graduate Programs in Econometrics or Applied Statistics:

For those interested in quantitative research and data analysis, programs specializing in econometrics or applied statistics can be beneficial for careers in academia and research.

Certificate Programs in Specific Economic Topics:

Consider short-term certificate programs in areas such as environmental economics, behavioral economics, or health economics to deepen your expertise in a specialized field.

Professional Development Courses:

Depending on your career goals, you can also enroll in professional development courses, workshops, or seminars related to economic policy, financial analysis, or data analytics to stay updated with industry trends.

Remember to align your choice of further education with your career objectives and interests. Networking and internships in your chosen field can also play a crucial role in advancing your career after completing your MA in Economics.

After completing a Master of Arts (MA) in Economics, you'll have a wide range of career opportunities available to you in both the public and private sectors. The skills and knowledge you gain during your MA program can be applied to various roles and industries. These are some job options for you to think about:

Economist: This is the most direct career path for economics graduates. Economists analyze economic data, trends, and policies to provide insights and forecasts. They can work in government agencies, research institutions, financial institutions, or as independent consultants.

Financial Analyst: Financial analysts assess investment opportunities, study financial statements, and make recommendations to clients or their organizations. They are often employed in the banking, investment, and corporate sectors.

Policy Analyst: Policy analysts work in government agencies, think tanks, or advocacy organizations to research and analyze policy issues. They help shape public policy by providing data-driven recommendations.

Data Analyst/ Statistician: With strong quantitative skills gained during your MA, you can work as a data analyst or statistician. These professionals use data to draw conclusions, make predictions, and inform decision-making in various industries, including finance, healthcare, and marketing.

Market Research Analyst: Market research analysts study market conditions, consumer behavior, and industry trends to help businesses make informed decisions about products, services, and marketing strategies.

Financial Planner/Advisor: Financial planners and advisors help individuals and organizations with financial planning, investment strategies, and retirement planning. Your economic knowledge can be valuable in this field.

Teaching and Academia: If teaching and research are your passions, you can work in academia. This involves becoming a professor or lecturer at a university or college, where you teach economics and conduct research.

International Organizations: Organizations like the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), and World Trade Organization (WTO) employ economists to work on global economic issues and development projects.

Private Sector: Many private companies, especially those in industries such as consulting, finance, and data analytics, value the analytical and problem-solving skills of economics graduates. You can work in roles related to strategic planning, risk assessment, or business analysis.

Government Roles: Besides policy analysis, you can work in various government positions, such as budget analysts, research analysts, or economic development specialists.

Nonprofit Sector: Nonprofit organizations often need economists to assess the impact of their programs, conduct research, and advocate for policy changes.

Entrepreneurship: If you have an entrepreneurial spirit, your economics background can be beneficial for starting your own business or consultancy, especially if your business idea is related to financial services, market research, or economic analysis.

Environmental Economics: Specialize in environmental economics to work on sustainability and conservation initiatives, helping organizations and governments make environmentally responsible decisions.

To enhance your career prospects, consider gaining practical experience through internships or part-time jobs while pursuing your MA, and stay updated on industry trends and economic developments. Networking and building a strong professional network can also open up opportunities in your chosen field.

MA Economics graduates are in demand across various industries, including finance, consulting, government, and academia. Here are some top companies and organizations that often hire MA Economics graduates:

Federal Reserve System: The Federal Reserve banks and the Board of Governors often hire economists to conduct research, analyze economic data, and formulate monetary policy.

International Monetary Fund (IMF): The IMF employs economists to work on international monetary and financial stability, economic analysis, and policy advice for member countries.

World Bank: The World Bank hires economists to work on global development projects, poverty reduction, and economic research.

United Nations: The United Nations employs economists in various specialized agencies, such as the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), to address global economic and development issues.

JP Morgan Chase: Major financial institutions like JPMorgan Chase often hire economists for roles in economic research, risk analysis, and investment strategy.

Goldman Sachs: Investment banks like Goldman Sachs offer opportunities for economists in areas such as financial analysis and market research.

McKinsey & Company: Top management consulting firms like McKinsey often recruit economists to provide strategic advice to clients across industries.

Deloitte: Deloitte hires economists for roles in economic and statistical analysis, economic consulting, and public policy analysis.

PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC): PwC's economics and analytics division offers career opportunities for economists in areas such as economic modeling, data analysis, and financial consulting.

Amazon: Tech giants like Amazon often hire economists for positions related to data analysis, market research, and pricing strategy.

Google: Google employs economists for roles in economic research, data analysis, and policy analysis, especially in its economic policy team.

US Department of Commerce: Government agencies like the US Department of Commerce hire economists for various roles, including economic analysis, trade policy, and data collection.

US Bureau of Labor Statistics: This agency employs economists to gather and analyze labor market data and provide economic statistics to the public.

Consulting Firms: Apart from McKinsey and Deloitte, other consulting firms like Boston Consulting Group (BCG), Bain & Company, and Accenture often hire economists for their analytical and strategic consulting services.

Academic Institutions: Universities and colleges worldwide hire MA Economics graduates for teaching and research positions. Consider pursuing a PhD if you aspire to a tenure-track academic career.

Nonprofit Organizations: NGOs and nonprofit organizations such as Oxfam, Save the Children, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation often hire economists for research and policy analysis related to global development and social issues.

Keep in mind that the availability of job opportunities may vary depending on your location and the specific skills and interests you have developed during your MA Economics program. Networking and leveraging university career services can also help you identify job openings and connect with potential employers.

Which course is best after MA Economics?

After completing an MA in Economics, pursuing a PhD in Economics or a related field is often considered the best course. It opens up opportunities in academia, research, and specialized roles, allowing for in-depth contributions to economic theory, policy, and practice.

Is MA Economics a good career option?

Yes, an MA in Economics is a promising career option. It equips you with valuable analytical and quantitative skills, opening doors to a wide range of opportunities in finance, government, consulting, academia, and more. The field's relevance in understanding complex economic issues ensures continued demand for economics graduates.  

What are the government jobs after MA Economics?

After completing an MA in Economics, you can pursue government jobs such as economist, policy analyst, research officer, budget analyst, or data analyst in various government agencies and departments. These roles involve economic research, data analysis, and policy formulation to support government decision-making and public policy development.

Can I get a bank job after MA Economics?

Yes, you can get a bank job after completing an MA in Economics. Many banks hire economists for roles in financial analysis, risk assessment, and economic research. Your analytical and quantitative skills acquired during your MA program will be valuable assets for such positions.

What are the jobs after a MA Economics degree?

After earning an MA in Economics, you can pursue roles such as Economist, Financial Analyst, Policy Analyst, Data Analyst, Market Research Analyst, Financial Planner, or work in academia, government, international organizations, or the private sector. These jobs involve economic analysis, research, policy development, and financial planning.

Can I work in the corporate sector with a MA Economics degree?

Yes, you can work in the corporate sector with an MA Economics degree. Many corporations value the analytical and problem-solving skills of economics graduates, making them suitable for roles in finance, data analysis, market research, and strategic planning, among others. Your degree can provide a strong foundation for corporate careers.

Can I become a professor after MA Economics?

Yes, you can become a professor in India after completing an MA in Economics. However, to secure a university teaching position, pursuing a PhD in Economics is typically required. A PhD provides the necessary research and academic qualifications for professorial roles in Indian universities.

Can I work as a school teacher after completing MA Economics?

Yes, you can work as a school teacher after completing an MA in Economics, especially if you obtain a teaching certificate or relevant credentials. Many schools hire economics teachers to educate students on economic principles and concepts. However, specific requirements may vary by location and institution.

Are there opportunities to work internationally with an MA Economics degree?

Yes, MA Economics graduates have excellent opportunities to work internationally. They can find employment with international organizations like the IMF, World Bank, United Nations, and global consulting firms. Their expertise in economic analysis and policy can be applied to address international economic and development issues in various countries and regions.

Is it common for MA Economics graduates to pursue further education, such as an MBA?

Yes, it's common for MA Economics graduates to pursue further education, including an MBA. Many choose this path to complement their economics knowledge with business and management skills, enhancing their career prospects in finance, consulting, or leadership roles. An MBA offers a well-rounded skill set and broader career opportunities.

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College of Liberal Arts and Sciences

Department of Economics

Masters and phd preparation, plan to earn a masters in economics.

Below are recommended courses to complete in your bachelor’s degree to prepare for graduate school:

• Elementary Concepts of Statistics — STAT 1100Q
• Calculus I and II — MATH 1131 & 1132  OR  MATH 1151 & 1152  OR  MATH 2141 & 2142

Highly Recommend:

• Econometrics — ECON 2311
• Mathematical Economics — ECON 2301
• Multivariable Calculus — MATH 2110  OR  MATH 2130  OR  MATH 2143

Recommended:

• Linear Algebra — MATH 2210

Please connect with  Professor Dick Langlois  with any questions you may have regarding Masters in Economics preparation.

Students planning to earn a MA in a related field (Public Administration, MBA, etc.) will not likely need as strong a background in mathematics but should look into the recommended math preparation for these programs and plan accordingly.

For more information on UConn’s Masters in Public Administration Fast Track program, please review UConn’s MPA website.  Please contact Catherine Guarino at [email protected]  with any questions you may have regarding this program.

Plan to earn a PhD degree in Economics?

It is highly recommended to take all of the above courses, plus:

• Analysis — MATH 3150 (Pre-requisites: MATH 2710  OR  MATH 2142; MATH 2410  OR  MATH 2420  OR  MATH 2144)

Training in the related fields of management and economics is professionally desirable in an increasing number of areas. Boston University meets this need by providing a coordinated program leading to a degree combining a Master of Business Administration with a Master of Arts in Economics.

Obtaining the two degrees separately would normally require six semesters in residence, but through careful course selection and by eliminating overlapping courses, the dual degree may be obtained in five semesters full time (80 credits). In this way, the entire program may thus be completed in two calendar years (two academic years and two summers; two academic years and one summer for well-prepared students). The degree may also be obtained on a part-time basis through enrollment in the Professional Evening MBA program. In this format, the dual degree requires 71 credits. The MA in Economics is a STEM-designated degree program.

Application

Prospective students are required to submit two applications: one to  Questrom School of Business and one to the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences . Admission into the MBA +MA in Economics program requires application reviews and decisions by both Questrom School of Business and the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Within each application, candidates should express his or her interest in this particular dual degree program. Candidates will then receive separate decisions from each school regarding admission to that portion of the dual degree. Please note that candidates may be admitted to one but not both of the schools in which the dual degrees are housed and may choose to pursue that individual degree. That said, they must be accepted by both schools in order to be eligible to complete the dual degree; however, prospective students still must apply separately to both schools. If you are not admitted to the MBA program but still wish to be considered for a Master of Arts, you will need to contact the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences to inquire about pursuing the Master of Arts in Economics degree on its own. Prospective students are encouraged to apply early in order to meet the deadlines of both schools.

Applicants to this program should have, or be expecting, a bachelor’s degree from an institution recognized by the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, and they should have adequate academic preparations in economics and mathematics. The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) or the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) general test is required. Dual degree applicants currently enrolled in either the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences or Questrom School of Business full time are advised that they may not apply beyond the end of the first semester of enrollment.

Course Requirements

Candidates normally register for three semesters in the Questrom School of Business and two semesters in the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences (GRS), but they also may cross-register and take courses in both Schools in any semester.

Full-time MBA students must successfully complete a minimum of 40 credits in Questrom and 24 credits in the Department of Economics; the remaining 16 credits may be taken in Questrom, the Department of Economics, or, with prior approval, elsewhere in the University. For students in the Professional Evening MBA program, the degree is 71 credits, including 31 Questrom credits, 24 Economics credits, and 16 credits taken in Questrom, the Department of Economics, or, with prior approval, elsewhere in the University. For part-time students in the MBA + MA in Economics program, please note: Many of the economics classes are only available during the day. You should not expect to be able to complete the MA degree entirely in the evening.

Requirements in quantitative methods and micro- and macroeconomic theory are the same as those for the MA in Economics. The minimum requirements for the respective degrees must be fulfilled in this dual degree program. Subject to the respective program directors’ approval, certain course substitutions may be permitted.

For MA requirements, refer to the Master of Arts in Economics  page; for MBA requirements, please visit the  Questrom School of Business .

Comprehensive Examination

Candidates must pass a written comprehensive examination that tests general knowledge of economic theory and quantitative methods. Every master’s student is expected to take the first available offering of the Comprehensive Examination after they have completed the economics core courses. This examination is offered twice a year.

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