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NCERT Solutions Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 4 Introduction to Problem Solving

NCERT Solutions Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 4 Introduction to Problem Solving: National Council of Educational Research and Training Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 4 Solutions – Introduction to Problem Solving. NCERT Solutions Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 4 PDF Download.

NCERT Solutions Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 4: Overview

Question 3. Write the pseudocode to print all multiples of 5 between 10 and 25 (including both 10 and 25).

FOR EACH I := 10 TO 15

IF I % 5 :=0   THEN

Question 4. Give an example of a loop that is to be executed a certain number of times.

Answer: Suppose we certain number starting from 11 to 16. The loop will be executed as follow:

SET i: = 11

FOR i: = 11 to 16 do

Question 5. Suppose you are collecting money for something. You need ` 200 in all. You ask your parents, uncles and aunts as well as grandparents. Different people may give either ` 10, ` 20 or even ` 50. You will collect till the total becomes 200. Write the algorithm.

Step 1: Set need Money := 0

Step 2: While Loop (need Money <200)

Input money

Step 3: need Money : = need Money + money

Step 4: End Loop

Question 6. Write the pseudocode to print the bill depending upon the price and quantity of an item. Also print Bill GST, which is the bill after adding 5% of tax in the total bill.

INPUT all_Item

INPUT price_for_each_Item

COMPUTE bill :=totalItem * price_for_each_Item

COMPUTE tax := bill * (5 / 100)

COMPUTE bill_with_gst := bill + tax

PRINT bill_with_gst

Question 7. Write pseudocode that will perform the following: a) Read the marks of three subjects: Computer Science, Mathematics and Physics, out of 100 b) Calculate the aggregate marks c) Calculate the percentage of marks.

INPUT Computer_Science, maths, physics

COMPUTE aggregate := (Computer_Science + maths + physics) / 3

COMPUTE percentage := ((Computer_Science + math + physics) / 300) * 100

PRINT aggregate

PRINT percentage

Question8. Write an algorithm to find the greatest among two different numbers entered by the user.

Step1: READ num1

Step2: READ num2

Step3:IF (num1 > num2)

Question9 . Write an algorithm that performs the following: Ask a user to enter a number. If the number is between 5 and 15, write the word GREEN. If the number is between 15 and 25, write the word BLUE. if the number is between 25 and 35, write the word ORANGE. If it is any other number, write that ALL COLOURS ARE BEAUTIFUL.

Step 1: INPUT n

Step 2: IF n>5 And n<15 THEN

Step 3: PRINT “GREEN”

Step 4: ELSE IF n>15 And n<225 THEN

Step 5: PRINT “BLUE”

Step 6 : ELSE IF n>25 And n<35 THEN

Step 7: PRINT “ORANGE”

Step 8: ELSE

PRINT “ALL COLOURS ARE BEAUTIFUL”

Step 9: End IF

Question 10. Write an algorithm that accepts four numbers as input and find the largest and smallest of them.

Question11. Write an algorithm to display the total water bill charges of the month depending upon the number of units consumed by the customer as per the following criteria:

• for the first 100 units @ 5 per unit
• for next 150 units @ 10 per unit
• more than 250 units @ 20 per unit Also add meter charges of 75 per month to calculate the total water bill .

Step 1: INPUT units

Setp 2: SET bill := 0

Step 3: IF units > 250 THEN

COMPUTE bill := units * 20

IF units <= 100 THEN

COMPUTE bill := units * 5

COMPUTE bill := 100 * 5 + (units – 100) * 10

Step 4: END IF

Step 5: COMPUTE total_Bill := bill + 75

Step 6: PRINT total_Bil

Question 12. What are conditionals? When they are required in a program?

In programming conditionals are used for providing the condition to values, input and output. There are various conditional statements are there to evaluate the expression. Generally conditional statement give us a output in the form of true or false which is known as Boolean value.

Conditionals are required in program to check whether the value is satisfied with required output or not.

In case you are missed :- Previous Chapter Solution

Question 13. Match the pairs

Question14. Following is an algorithm for going to school or college. Can you suggest improvements in this to include other options?

Reach_School_Algorithm

b) Get ready

c) Take lunch box

d) Take bus

e) Get off the bus

f) Reach school or college

• Brush our teeth
• Do some exercise
• Take a bath
• Take a breakfast
• Take a lunch box
• Go to bus stand
• Get off the bus
• Reach school or college

Question 15. Write a pseudocode to calculate the factorial of a number (Hint: Factorial of 5, written as 5!=5 4 3 21 ×××× )

INPUT number

SET factorial := 1, i := 1

WHILE i<= number DO

COMPUTE factorial := factorial * i

INCREASE i by 1

PRINT factorial

Question 16. Draw a flowchart to check whether a given number is an Armstrong number. An Armstrong number of three digits is an integer such that the sum of the cubes of its digits is equal to the number itself. For example, 371 is an Armstrong number since 3**3 + 7**3 + 1**3 = 371.

Question 17. Following is an algorithm to classify numbers as “Single Digit”, “Double Digit” or “Big”. Classify_Numbers_Algo

INPUT Number

IF Number < 9

“Single Digit”

 Else If Number < 99

“Double Digit”

Verify for (5, 9, 47, 99, 100 200) and correct the algorithm if required.

For given data,

5 and 9 are single digit number, so it will print “single digit”

47 and 99 are double digit number, so it will print “double digit”

100 and 200 is a three digit number, so it will print “big”

Correct algorithm:

Step 1: INPUT Number

Step 2: IF Number <= 9

Step 3: Else If Number <= 99

Step 4: Else

Step 5: End IF

Question 18. For some calculations, we want an algorithm that accepts only positive integers upto 100.Accept_1to100_Algo

IF (0<= Number) AND (Number <= 100)

a) On what values will this algorithm fail?

b) Can you improve the algorithm?

This algorithm fails at value 0. Because in condition we specify “greater than equal to operator”. So it will accept zero also.

IF (0<Number) AND (Number <= 100)

In case you are missed :- Next Chapter Solution

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Introduction to Problem Solving Class 11 Notes | CBSE Computer Science

Latest Problem Solving Class 11 Notes includes Problem Solving, steps, algorithm and its need, flow chart, pseudo code with lots of examples.

• 1 What is Problem Solving?
• 2 Steps for problem solving
• 3 What is Algorithm?
• 4 Why do we need Algorithm?
• 5.1 Flow chart
• 5.2 Flow Chart Examples
• 5.3 Pseudo code
• 5.4 Pseudo Code Example
• 6.1 Selection
• 6.2 Algorithm, Pseudocode, Flowchart with Selection ( Using if ) Examples
• 6.3 Repetition
• 6.4 Algorithm, Pseudocode, Flowchart with Repetition ( Loop ) Examples
• 7 Decomposition

What is Problem Solving?

Problem solving is the process of identifying a problem, analyze the problem, developing an algorithm for the identified problem and finally implementing the algorithm to develop program.

Steps for problem solving

There are 4 basic steps involved in problem solving

Analyze the problem

• Developing an algorithm
• Testing and debugging

Analyzing the problem is basically understanding a problem very clearly before finding its solution. Analyzing a problem involves

• List the principal components of the problem
• List the core functionality of the problem
• Figure out inputs to be accepted and output to be produced

Developing an Algorithm

• A set of precise and sequential steps written to solve a problem
• The algorithm can be written in natural language
• There can be more than one algorithm for a problem among which we can select the most suitable solution.

Algorithm written in natural language is not understood by computer and hence it has to be converted in machine language. And to do so program based on that algorithm is written using high level programming language for the computer to get the desired solution.

Testing and Debugging

After writing program it has to be tested on various parameters to ensure that program is producing correct output within expected time and meeting the user requirement.

There are many standard software testing methods used in IT industry such as

• Component testing
• Integration testing
• System testing
• Acceptance testing

What is Algorithm?

• A set of precise, finite and sequential set of steps written to solve a problem and get the desired output.
• Algorithm has definite beginning and definite end.
• It lead to desired result in finite amount of time of followed correctly.

Why do we need Algorithm?

• Algorithm helps programmer to visualize the instructions to be written clearly.
• Algorithm enhances the reliability, accuracy and efficiency of obtaining solution.
• Algorithm is the easiest way to describe problem without going into too much details.
• Algorithm lets programmer understand flow of problem concisely.

Characteristics of a good algorithm

• Precision — the steps are precisely stated or defined.
• Uniqueness — results of each step are uniquely defined and only depend on the input and the result of the preceding steps.
• Finiteness — the algorithm always stops after a finite number of steps.
• Input — the algorithm receives some input.
• Output — the algorithm produces some output.

What are the points that should be clearly identified while writing Algorithm?

• The input to be taken from the user
• Processing or computation to be performed to get the desired result
• The output desired by the user

Representation of Algorithm

An algorithm can be represented in two ways:

Pseudo code

• Flow chart is visual representation of an algorithm.
• It’s a diagram made up of boxes, diamonds and other shapes, connected by arrows.
• Each step represents a step of solution process.
• Arrows in the follow chart represents the flow and link among the steps.

Flow Chart Examples

Example 1: Write an algorithm to divide a number by another and display the quotient.

Input: Two Numbers to be divided Process: Divide number1 by number2 to get the quotient Output: Quotient of division

Step 1: Input a two numbers and store them in num1 and num2 Step 2: Compute num1/num2 and store its quotient in num3 Step 3: Print num3

• Pseudo code means ‘not real code’.
• A pseudo code is another way to represent an algorithm.  It is an informal language used by programmer to write algorithms.
• It does not require strict syntax and technological support.
• It is a detailed description of what algorithm would do.
• It is intended for human reading and cannot be executed directly by computer.
• There is no specific standard for writing a pseudo code exists.

Keywords used in writing pseudo code

Pseudo Code Example

Example:  write an algorithm to display the square of a given number.

Input, Process and Output Identification

Input: Number whose square is required Process: Multiply the number by itself to get its square Output: Square of the number

Step 1: Input a number and store it to num. Step 2: Compute num * num and store it in square. Step 3: Print square.

INPUT num COMPUTE  square = num*num PRINT square

Example: Write an algorithm to calculate area and perimeter of a rectangle, using both pseudo code and flowchart.

INPUT L INPUT B COMPUTER Area = L * B PRINT Area COMPUTE Perimeter = 2 * ( L + B ) PRINT Perimeter

Flow of Control

An algorithm is considered as finite set of steps that are executed in a sequence. But sometimes the algorithm may require executing some steps conditionally or repeatedly. In such situations algorithm can be written using

Selection in algorithm refers to Conditionals which means performing operations (sequence of steps) depending on True or False value of given conditions. Conditionals are written in the algorithm as follows:

If <condition> then                 Steps to be taken when condition is true Otherwise                 Steps to be taken when condition is false

Algorithm, Pseudocode, Flowchart with Selection ( Using if ) Examples

Example: write an algorithm, pseudocode and flowchart to display larger between two numbers

INPUT: Two numbers to be compared PROCESS: compare two numbers and depending upon True and False value of comparison display result OUTPUT: display larger no

STEP1: read two numbers in num1, num2 STEP 2: if num1 > num2 then STEP 3: display num1 STEP 4: else STEP 5: display num2

INPUT num1 , num2 IF num1 > num2 THEN                 PRINT “num1 is largest” ELSE                 PRINT “num2 is largest” ENDIF

Example: write pseudocode and flowchart to display largest among three numbers

INPUT: Three numbers to be compared PROCESS: compare three numbers and depending upon True and False value of comparison display result OUTPUT: display largest number

INPUT num1, num2, num3 PRINT “Enter three numbers” IF num1 > num2 THEN                 IF num1 > num3 THEN                                 PRINT “num1 is largest”                 ELSE                                 PRINT “num3 is largest”                 END IF ELSE                 IF num2 > num3 THEN                                 PRINT “num2 is largest”                 ELSE                                 PRINT “num3 is largest”                 END IF END IF

• Repetition in algorithm refers to performing operations (Set of steps) repeatedly for a given number of times (till the given condition is true).
• Repetition is also known as Iteration or Loop

Repetitions are written in algorithm is as follows:

While <condition>, repeat step numbers                 Steps to be taken when condition is true End while

Algorithm, Pseudocode, Flowchart with Repetition ( Loop ) Examples

Example: write an algorithm, pseudocode and flow chart to display “Techtipnow” 10 times

Step1: Set count = 0 Step2: while count is less than 10, repeat step 3,4 Step 3:                  print “techtipnow” Step 4:                  count = count + 1 Step 5: End while

SET count = 0 WHILE count<10                 PRINT “Techtipnow”                 Count = count + 1 END WHILE

Example: Write pseudocode and flow chart to calculate total of 10 numbers

Step 1: SET count = 0, total = 0 Step 2: WHILE count < 10, REPEAT steps 3 to 5 Step 3:                  INPUT a number in var Step 4:                  COMPUTE total = total + var Step 5:                  count = count + 1 Step 6: END WHILE Step 7: PRINT total

Example: Write pseudo code and flow chart to find factorial of a given number

Step 1: SET fact = 1 Step 2: INPUT a number in num Step 3: WHILE num >=1 REPEAT step 4, 5 Step 4:                  fact = fact * num Step 5:                  num = num – 1 Step 6: END WHILE Step 7: PRINT fact

Decomposition

• Decomposition means breaking down a complex problem into smaller sub problems to solve them conveniently and easily.
• Breaking down complex problem into sub problem also means analyzing each sub problem in detail.
• Decomposition also helps in reducing time and effort as different subprograms can be assigned to different experts in solving such problems.
• To get the complete solution, it is necessary to integrate the solution of all the sub problems once done.

Following image depicts the decomposition of a problem

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Chapter 4 Introduction to Problem Solving Class 11

NCERT Book for Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 4 Introduction to Problem Solving is accessible for persuing/read or download on this page. The situations where you don’t access to its physical copy, its pdf format will help you there. After the jpg format of chapter you will find a link from where you can download it in pdf format for your future reference and for sharing it with your students, friends and teachers.

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Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 4 Introduction to Problem-Solving: NCERT Book for Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 4 Introduction to Problem-Solving is available for reading or download on this page. Students who are in Class 11 or preparing for any exam which is based on Class 11 Computer Science can refer NCERT Book for their preparation. Class 11th Computer Science NCERT Books PDF Provided will help you during your preparation for both school exams as well as competitive exams.

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NCERT Class 11th Computer Science Chapter 4 Books will give you authentic information and you can rely on them during your preparation. Try practicing the previous papers and sample questions attached in the NCERT Books of Class 11th Computer Science Chapter 4 Introduction to Problem-Solving to solve the questions in your exam easily.

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• 2 Download NCERT Book for Class 11 Computer Science PDF
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• 4 NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chapter 4 Introduction to Problem-Solving
• 5.1 Related

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Introduction to problem solving Computer Science Class 11 Notes

This article – introduction to problem solving Computer Science Class 11 offers comprehensive notes for Chapter 4 of the CBSE Computer Science Class 11 NCERT textbook.

Topics Covered

Introduction to problem solving Computer Science class 11

Computers, mobiles, the internet, etc. becomes our essentials nowadays for our routine life. We are using the to make our tasks easy and faster.

For example, earlier we were going to banks and standing in long queues for any type of transaction like money deposits or withdrawals. Today we can do these tasks from anywhere without visiting banks through internet banking and mobiles.

Basically, this was a complex problem and solved by a computer. The system was made online with the help of computers and the internet and made our task very easy.

This process is termed “Computerisations”. The problem is solved by using software to make a task easy and comfortable. Problem solving is a key term related to computer science.

The question comes to your mind how to solve a complex problem using computers? Let’s begin the article introduction to problem-solving Computer Science 11.

Introduction to problem solving Computer Science Class 11 – Steps for problem solving

“Computer Science is a science of abstraction -creating the right model for a problem and devising the appropriate mechanizable techniques to solve it.”

Solving any complex problem starts with understanding the problem and identifying the problem.

Suppose you are going to school by your bicycle. While riding on it you hear some noise coming from it. So first you will try to find that from where the noise is coming. So if you couldn’t solve the problem, you need to get it repaired.

The bicycle mechanic identifies the problem like a source of noise, causes of noise etc. then understand them and repair it for you.

So there are multiple steps involved in problem-solving. If the problem is simple and easy, we will find the solution easily. But the complex problem needs a few methods or steps to solve.

So complex problem requires some tools, a system or software in order to provide the solution. So it is a step-by-step process. These steps are as follows:

Analysing the problem

Developing an algorithm, testing and debugging.

The first step in the introduction to problem solving Computer Science Class 11 is analyzing the problem.

When you need to find a solution for a problem, you need to understand the problem in detail. You should identify the reasons and causes of the problem as well as what to be solved.

So this step involves a detailed study of the problem and then you need to follow some principles and core functionality of the solution.

In this step input and output, elements should be produced.

The second step for introduction to problem solving Computer Science class 11 is developing an algorithm.

An algorithm is a step-by-step process of a solution to a complex problem. It is written in natural language. An algorithm consists of various steps and begins from start to end. In between input, process and output will be specified. More details we will cover in the next section.

In short, the algorithm provides all the steps required to solve a problem.

For example:

Finding the simple interest, you need to follow the given steps:

• Gather required information and data such as principle amount, rate of interest and duration.
• Apply the formula for computing simple interest i.e. si=prn/100
• Now store the answer in si
• Display the calculated simple interest

In the above example, I have started and completed a task in a finite number of steps. It is completed in 4 finite steps.

Why algorithm is needed?

The algorithm helps developers in many ways. So it is needed for them for the following reasons:

• It prepares a roadmap of the program to be written before writing code.
• It helps to clearly visualise the instructions to be given in the program.
• When the algorithm is developed, a programmer knows the number of steps required to follow for the particular task.
• Algorithm writing is the initial stage (first step) of programming.
• It makes program writing easy and simple.
• It also ensures the accuracy of data and program output.
• It increases the reliability and efficiency of the solution.

Characteristics of a good algorithm

The characteristics of a good algorithm are as follows:

• It starts and ends with a finite number of steps. Therefore the steps are precisely stated or defined.
• In the algorithm, the result of each step is defined uniquely and based on the given input and process.
• After completion of the task, the algorithm will end.
• The algorithm accepts input and produces the output.

While writing the algorithm the following things should be clearly identified:

• The input required for the task
• The computation formula or processing instructions

After writing the algorithm, it is required to represent it. Once the steps are finalised, it is required to be represented logically. This logical representation of the program clearly does the following:

• Clears the logic of the program
• The execution of the program

The algorithm is steps written in the form of text. So it is difficult to read sometimes. So if it is represented in pictorial form it would be better for analysis of the program.

The flowchart is used to represent the algorithm in visual form.

Flowchart – Visual representation of an algorithm

A flowchart is made of some symbols or shapes like rectangles, squares, and diamonds connected by arrows. Every shape represents each step of an algorithm. The arrow basically represents the order or link of the steps.

The symbols used in the flow chart are as follows:

Coding is an essential part of the introduction to problem solving ComputerScience11.

• It is pronounced as soo-doh-kohd
• It is one of the ways of representing algorithms in a systematic way
• The word pseudo means not real, therefore pseudocode means not real code
• It is non-formal language, that helps programmers to write code
• It is written in human understandable language
• It cannot be directly read by computers
• There is no specific standard or way of writing pseudocode is there

When an algorithm is prepared, the next step is writing code. This code will be written in a specific programming language. The code follows certain rules and regulations of the programing language and provides solutions.

When coding is done you need to maintain it with proper documentation as well. The best practices for coding procedures must be followed. Because this code can be reviewed a number of times for further development and upgradation.

Let’s understand this step with a simple example!!

When your mother prepares a cake at your home, she will give peace of cake to someone before serving it to check the taste of the cake, right!!! If anything is needed like sugar or softness or hardness should be improved she will decide and do the improvement.

Similarly after writing code testing and debugging are required to check the software whether is providing the solution in a good manner not.

Have look at this also: Computer Science Class XI

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By Sanjay Parmar

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Introducing to Problem Solving class 11 Sumita Arora Solution

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Q1. Write an algorithm to find the square of a number. Q2 Draw a flowchart to solve the problem of a non-functioning light bulb. Q3. Draw a flowchart for calculating grade from marks percentage. Q4 Write an algorithm to double a number in two different ways: (i) n+n, (ii) 2x Q5. Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to determine if a student passed the exam or not.( Note there are 4 subject papers and passing average is 50 or more.) Q6. Write pseudocode for following :- Dean a flowchart, write an algorithm and pseudo code for following Questions :- Q8.To find the area and perimeter of a rectangle.

Q9. To calculate the area and the circumference of circles. Q10. To calculate the simple interest. Q11. To check whether a year is a leap year or not. Q12. To check if a number is a positive or negative number. Q13. To check if a number is an odd or even number. Q14. To categories a person as either child (<13), teenager (> 13 but <20) or adult (20), based specified. Q15. To print all natural numbers up to n. Q16. To print n odd numbers. Q17. To print square of a number. Q18. To accept 5 numbers and find their average. Q19. To accept numbers till the user enters and then find their average. Q20. To print squares of first n numbers. Q21. To print the cube of a number. Q22. To print to print cubes of first n numbers. Q23. To find sum of n given numbers. Q24. To find factorial of a given number. Q25. Given the following pseudo code: Use variables sum, product, number1, number2 of type real display "Input two numbers" accept number1, number2 sum number1 + number2 print "The sum is", sum product number1* number2 print "The Product is ", product end program Draw a flow chart for the same and dry run the given pseudocode if it is working Q26. Given the following pseudo code: Use variables: choice, of the type character ans, number1, number2, of type integer display "choose one of the following" display "m for multiply" display "a for add" display "s for subtract" accept choice display "input two numbers you want to use" accept number1, number 2 if choice m then ans number1 number2 if choice a then ans number1 + number 21 if choices then ans number1 - number2 display ans Draw a flow chart for the same and dry run the given pseudocode if it is working Q27. Given the following pseudo code: Use variables: mark of type integer If mark> 80, display "distinction" If mark > 60 and mark 80, display "merit" If mark > 40 and mark < 60, display "pass" If mark 40 display, "fail" Draw a flow chart for the same and dry run the given pseudocode if it is working fine. Q28. Given the following pseudo code: Use variables: category of type character Display "input category" Accept category If category= 'U' Display "insurance is not available" Else If category= 'A' then Display "insurance is double" Else If category= 'B' then Display "insurance is normal" Else If category= 'M' then Display "insurance is medically dependent" Else Display "entry invalid" Draw a flow chart for the same and dry run the given pseudocode if it is working fine. Q29. Given the following pseudo code: Use variable: number of type real DISPLAY "Type in a number or zero to stop" ACCEPT number WHILE number 0 Square number number DISPLAY "The square of the number is", square DISPLAY "Type in a number or zero to stop" ACCEPT number ENDWHILE Draw a flow chart for the same and dry run the given pseudocode if it is working fine.

15 Comments

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Welcome : )

Please give answers to questions from 25 to 29 and flowcharts for all questions, it was quite helpful though..

We are uploading soon.

sorry friends idk so please forgive me

it was very helpful but i will suggest to add type a questions also. Although it was very helpful and i enjoyed...

Thanks a lot for the solutions! Really very helpful

Always Welcome : )

very useful

Please give solution of type A questions.

All are theoritical questions.

hy i want solution of practical book

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CBSE Class 11 | Problem Solving Methodologies

Problem solving process.

The process of problem-solving is an activity which has its ingredients as the specification of the program and the served dish is a correct program. This activity comprises of four steps : 1. Understanding the problem: To solve any problem it is very crucial to understand the problem first. What is the desired output of the code and how that output can be generated? The obvious and essential need to generate the output is an input. The input may be singular or it may be a set of inputs. A proper relationship between the input and output must be drawn in order to solve the problem efficiently. The input set should be complete and sufficient enough to draw the output. It means all the necessary inputs required to compute the output should be present at the time of computation. However, it should be kept in mind that the programmer should ensure that the minimum number of inputs should be there. Any irrelevant input only increases the size of and memory overhead of the program. Thus Identifying the minimum number of inputs required for output is a crucial element for understanding the problem.

2. Devising the plan: Once a problem has been understood, a proper action plan has to be devised to solve it. This is called devising the plan. This step usually involves computing the result from the given set of inputs. It uses the relationship drawn between inputs and outputs in the previous step. The complexity of this step depends upon the complexity of the problem at hand.

3. Executing the plan: Once the plan has been defined, it should follow the trajectory of action while ensuring the plan’s integrity at various checkpoints. If any inconsistency is found in between, the plan needs to be revised.

4. Evaluation: The final result so obtained must be evaluated and verified to see if the problem has been solved satisfactorily.

Problem Solving Methodology(The solution for the problem)

The methodology to solve a problem is defined as the most efficient solution to the problem. Although, there can be multiple ways to crack a nut, but a methodology is one where the nut is cracked in the shortest time and with minimum effort. Clearly, a sledgehammer can never be used to crack a nut. Under problem-solving methodology, we will see a step by step solution for a problem. These steps closely resemble the software life cycle . A software life cycle involves several stages in a program’s life cycle. These steps can be used by any tyro programmer to solve a problem in the most efficient way ever. The several steps of this cycle are as follows :

Step by step solution for a problem (Software Life Cycle) 1. Problem Definition/Specification: A computer program is basically a machine language solution to a real-life problem. Because programs are generally made to solve the pragmatic problems of the outside world. In order to solve the problem, it is very necessary to define the problem to get its proper understanding. For example, suppose we are asked to write a code for “ Compute the average of three numbers”. In this case, a proper definition of the problem will include questions like : “What exactly does average mean?” “How to calculate the average?”

Once, questions like these are raised, it helps to formulate the solution of the problem in a better way. Once a problem has been defined, the program’s specifications are then listed. Problem specifications describe what the program for the problem must do. It should definitely include :

what is the input set of the program

What is the desired output of the program and in what form the output is desired?

2. Problem Analysis (Breaking down the solution into simple steps): This step of solving the problem follows a modular approach to crack the nut. The problem is divided into subproblems so that designing a solution to these subproblems gets easier. The solutions to all these individual parts are then merged to get the final solution of the original problem. It is like divide and merge approach.

Modular Approach for Programming :

The process of breaking a large problem into subproblems and then treating these individual parts as different functions is called modular programming. Each function behaves independent of another and there is minimal inter-functional communication. There are two methods to implement modular programming :

• Top Down Design : In this method, the original problem is divided into subparts. These subparts are further divided. The chain continues till we get the very fundamental subpart of the problem which can’t be further divided. Then we draw a solution for each of these fundamental parts.
• Bottom Up Design : In this style of programming, an application is written by using the pre-existing primitives of programming language. These primitives are then amalgamated with more complicated features, till the application is written. This style is just the reverse of the top-down design style.

3. Problem Designing: The design of a problem can be represented in either of the two forms :

The ways to execute any program are of three categories:

• Sequence Statements Here, all the instructions are executed in a sequence, that is, one after the another, till the program is executed.
• Selection Statements As it is self-clear from the name, in these type of statements the whole set of instructions is not executed. A selection has to be made. A selected number of instructions are executed based on some condition. If the condition holds true then some part of the instruction set is executed, otherwise, another part of the set is executed. Since this selection out of the instruction set has to be made, thus these type of instructions are called Selection Statements.

Identification of arithmetic and logical operations required for the solution : While writing the algorithm for a problem, the arithmetic and logical operations required for the solution are also usually identified. They help to write the code in an easier manner because the proper ordering of the arithmetic and logical symbols is necessary to determine the correct output. And when all this has been done in the algorithm writing step, it just makes the coding task a smoother one.

• Flow Chart : Flow charts are diagrammatic representation of the algorithm. It uses some symbols to illustrate the starting and ending of a program along with the flow of instructions involved in the program.

4. Coding: Once an algorithm is formed, it can’t be executed on the computer. Thus in this step, this algorithm has to be translated into the syntax of a particular programming language. This process is often termed as ‘coding’. Coding is one of the most important steps of the software life cycle. It is not only challenging to find a solution to a problem but to write optimized code for a solution is far more challenging.

Writing code for optimizing execution time and memory storage : A programmer writes code on his local computer. Now, suppose he writes a code which takes 5 hours to get executed. Now, this 5 hours of time is actually the idle time for the programmer. Not only it takes longer time, but it also uses the resources during that time. One of the most precious computing resources is memory. A large program is expected to utilize more memory. However, memory utilization is not a fault, but if a program is utilizing unnecessary time or memory, then it is a fault of coding. The optimized code can save both time and memory. For example, as has been discussed earlier, by using the minimum number of inputs to compute the output , one can save unnecessary memory utilization. All such techniques are very necessary to be deployed to write optimized code. The pragmatic world gives reverence not only to the solution of the problem but to the optimized solution. This art of writing the optimized code also called ‘competitive programming’.

5. Program Testing and Debugging: Program testing involves running each and every instruction of the code and check the validity of the output by a sample input. By testing a program one can also check if there’s an error in the program. If an error is detected, then program debugging is done. It is a process to locate the instruction which is causing an error in the program and then rectifying it. There are different types of error in a program : (i) Syntax Error Every programming language has its own set of rules and constructs which need to be followed to form a valid program in that particular language. If at any place in the entire code, this set of rule is violated, it results in a syntax error. Take an example in C Language

In the above program, the syntax error is in the first printf statement since the printf statement doesn’t end with a ‘;’. Now, until and unless this error is not rectified, the program will not get executed.

Once the error is rectified, one gets the desired output. Suppose the input is ‘good’ then the output is : Output:

(ii) Logical Error An error caused due to the implementation of a wrong logic in the program is called logical error. They are usually detected during the runtime. Take an example in C Language:

In the above code, the ‘for’ loop won’t get executed since n has been initialized with the value of 11 while ‘for’ loop can only print values smaller than or equal to 10. Such a code will result in incorrect output and thus errors like these are called logical errors. Once the error is rectified, one gets the desired output. Suppose n is initialised with the value ‘5’ then the output is : Output:

(iii) Runtime Error Any error which causes the unusual termination of the program is called runtime error. They are detected at the run time. Some common examples of runtime errors are : Example 1 :

If during the runtime, the user gives the input value for B as 0 then the program terminates abruptly resulting in a runtime error. The output thus appears is : Output:

Example 2 : If while executing a program, one attempts for opening an unexisting file, that is, a file which is not present in the hard disk, it also results in a runtime error.

6. Documentation : The program documentation involves :

• Problem Definition
• Problem Design
• Documentation of test perform
• History of program development

7. Program Maintenance: Once a program has been formed, to ensure its longevity, maintenance is a must. The maintenance of a program has its own costs associated with it, which may also exceed the development cost of the program in some cases. The maintenance of a program involves the following :

• Detection and Elimination of undetected errors in the existing program.
• Modification of current program to enhance its performance and adaptability.
• Enhancement of user interface
• Enriching the program with new capabilities.
• Updation of the documentation.

Control Structure- Conditional control and looping (finite and infinite)

There are codes which usually involve looping statements. Looping statements are statements in which instruction or a set of instructions is executed multiple times until a particular condition is satisfied. The while loop, for loop, do while loop, etc. form the basis of such looping structure. These statements are also called control structure because they determine or control the flow of instructions in a program. These looping structures are of two kinds :

In the above program, the ‘for’ loop gets executed only until the value of i is less than or equal to 10. As soon as the value of i becomes greater than 10, the while loop is terminated. Output:

In the above code, one can easily see that the value of n is not getting incremented. In such a case, the value of n will always remain 1 and hence the while loop will never get executed. Such loop is called an infinite loop. Output:

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CBSE NCERT MCQ Class 11 Computer Science Chapter 4 Introduction to Problem Solving

Certainly! Here are MCQs based on Chapter 4: Introduction to Problem Solving from CBSE NCERT Class 11 Computer Science, along with immediate explanations for each MCQ:

MCQ 1:Question: Which of the following is the first step in the problem-solving process? (a) Analyzing the problem (b) Implementing the solution (c) Defining the problem (d) Evaluating the solution Explanation: (c) Defining the problem is the first step in the problem-solving process, as it involves identifying and understanding the issue that needs to be addressed.

MCQ 2:Question: Which programming construct is used to repeat a set of instructions multiple times? (a) Conditional statement (b) Function (c) Loop (d) Variable Explanation: (c) A loop is used in programming to repeat a set of instructions multiple times, allowing for efficient and repetitive tasks.

MCQ 3:Question: What is the purpose of an algorithm in problem solving? (a) To define the problem (b) To analyze the problem (c) To provide a step-by-step solution (d) To evaluate the solution Explanation: (c) An algorithm provides a step-by-step solution to a problem, guiding the problem-solving process and ensuring a systematic approach.

MCQ 4:Question: Which of the following is an example of a high-level programming language? (a) Machine language (b) Assembly language (c) Python (d) Binary code Explanation: (c) Python is an example of a high-level programming language, which is designed to be easily understood and written by humans.

MCQ 5:Question: What term is used to describe an error in a program that causes it to behave unexpectedly or crash? (a) Syntax error (b) Runtime error (c) Logical error (d) Compilation error Explanation: (b) A runtime error is an error in a program that causes it to behave unexpectedly or crash during its execution.

MCQ 6:Question: Which programming construct is used to make decisions based on a condition? (a) Loop (b) Function (c) Conditional statement (d) Variable Explanation: (c) A conditional statement is used in programming to make decisions based on a condition, allowing different paths of execution based on the outcome.

MCQ 7:Question: What is the purpose of pseudocode in problem solving? (a) To write the final code (b) To define the problem (c) To plan the solution algorithmically (d) To test the program Explanation: (c) Pseudocode is used to plan the solution algorithmically by providing a structured, high-level representation of the code logic before writing the final code.

MCQ 8:Question: Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-defined problem? (a) Ambiguity (b) Lack of constraints (c) Multiple solutions (d) Infeasibility Explanation: (c) A well-defined problem is characterized by having multiple solutions, as it allows for different approaches and perspectives in problem solving.

MCQ 9:Question: What term is used to describe a variable that is accessible and can be used throughout the program? (a) Global variable (b) Local variable (c) Constant variable (d) Input variable Explanation: (a) A global variable is accessible and can be used throughout the program, allowing for its value to be accessed and modified by multiple functions or parts of the code.

MCQ 10:Question: What is the purpose of testing in the problem-solving process? (a) To define the problem (b) To analyze the problem (c) To evaluate the solution (d) To implement the solution Explanation: (c) Testing is used to evaluate the solution in the problem-solving process, ensuring that it meets the desired requirements and functions correctly.

MCQ 11:Question: Which of the following is a characteristic of a good problem solver? (a) Rigid thinking (b) Lack of creativity (c) Persistence (d) Dependency on others Explanation: (c) Persistence is a characteristic of a good problem solver, as it involves staying determined and motivated to find solutions, even when faced with challenges or setbacks.

MCQ 12:Question: Which type of programming error is detected by the compiler? (a) Syntax error (b) Runtime error (c) Logical error (d) Compilation error Explanation: (a) A syntax error is detected by the compiler, as it involves violations of the programming language’s rules and structure.

MCQ 13:Question: What term is used to describe a problem that can be solved by a computer algorithm? (a) Feasible problem (b) Infeasible problem (c) Ill-structured problem (d) Ambiguous problem Explanation: (a) A feasible problem is one that can be solved by a computer algorithm, as it has a defined and attainable solution.

MCQ 14:Question: What is the purpose of flowcharts in problem solving? (a) To define the problem (b) To write the final code (c) To visualize the program’s execution flow (d) To test the program Explanation: (c) Flowcharts are used to visualize the program’s execution flow, providing a graphical representation of the sequence of steps and decision points in the code.

MCQ 15:Question: Which of the following is an example of an input device? (a) Printer (b) Monitor (c) Keyboard (d) Hard drive Explanation: (c) A keyboard is an example of an input device, as it allows users to input data and commands into the computer system.

MCQ 16:Question: What is the purpose of documentation in problem solving? (a) To define the problem (b) To analyze the problem (c) To explain the solution and code (d) To test the program Explanation: (c) Documentation is used to explain the solution and code in problem solving, providing a detailed description and instructions for understanding and using the program.

MCQ 17:Question: Which of the following is a characteristic of an ill-structured problem? (a) Clear constraints and requirements (b) Single correct solution (c) Lack of ambiguity (d) Multiple possible interpretations Explanation: (d) An ill-structured problem is characterized by multiple possible interpretations, as it lacks clear constraints and requirements, requiring creative and flexible problem-solving approaches.

MCQ 18:Question: What is the purpose of debugging in the problem-solving process? (a) To define the problem (b) To analyze the problem (c) To find and fix errors in the program (d) To evaluate the solution Explanation: (c) Debugging is used to find and fix errors in the program during the problem-solving process, ensuring that the code functions correctly and produces the desired output. Note: The explanations provided here are brief and intended to provide immediate understanding. For a comprehensive understanding of the topics, it is recommended to refer to the CBSE NCERT Class 11 Computer Science textbook and additional study materials.

CBSE NCERT Class 11 Computer Science chapter 4. Introduction to Problem Solving. MCQ Questions, Chapter MCQ, MCQ Pdf, Multiple Choice Questions.

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Chapter 4 : Introduction to Problem Solving | Class 11th | Computer Science Important Questions

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Table of Contents

Introduction to Problem Solving Class 11 Questions and Answers

1. Write pseudocode that reads two numbers and divide one by another and display the quotient. Answer – Input num1 Input num2 Calculate div = num1 / num2 Print div

2. Two friends decide who gets the last slice of a cake by flipping a coin five times. The first person to win three flips wins the cake. An input of 1 means player 1 wins a flip, and a 2 means player 2 wins a flip. Design an algorithm to determine who takes the cake? Answer – Set p1 = 0 Set p2 = 0 For i in range (5): Input coin If coin = 1 then P1 += 1 Elif coin = then P2 += 1 If p1 > 2 then P1 wins Elif p2 > 2 then P2 wins

3. Write the pseudocode to print all multiples of 5 between 10 and 25 (including both 10 and 25). Answer – FOR num := 10 to 25 DO IF num % 5 = 0 THEN PRINT num END IF END LOOP

4. Give an example of a loop that is to be executed a certain number of times. Answer – SET i: = 1 FOR i: = 1 to 10 do PRINT i END LOOP

5. Suppose you are collecting money for something. You need ` 200 in all. You ask your parents, uncles and aunts as well as grandparents. Different people may give either ` 10, ` 20 or even ` 50. You will collect till the total becomes 200. Write the algorithm. Answer – Step 1 : Start Step 2 : Set money := 0 Step 3 : While Loop (money <200) Input money Step 4 : money = money + money Step 5 : End Loop Step 6 : Stop

6. Write the pseudocode to print the bill depending upon the price and quantity of an item. Also print Bill GST, which is the bill after adding 5% of tax in the total bill. Answer – INPUT Item INPUT price CALCULATE bill := Item * price PRINT bill CALCULATE tax := bill * (5 / 100) CALCULATE GST_Bill := bill + tax PRINT GST_Bill

7. Write pseudocode that will perform the following: a) Read the marks of three subjects: Computer Science, Mathematics and Physics, out of 100 b) Calculate the aggregate marks c) Calculate the percentage of marks Answer – INPUT computer, maths, phy COMPUTE average := (computer + maths + phy) / 3 COMPUTE percentage := (average / 300) * 100 PRINT average PRINT percentage

8. Write an algorithm to find the greatest among two different numbers entered by the user. Answer – INPUT num1, num2 IF num1 > num2 THEN PRINT num1 ELSE IF num2 > num1 THEN PRINT num2 END IF

9. Write an algorithm that performs the following: Ask a user to enter a number. If the number is between 5 and 15, write the word GREEN. If the number is between 15 and 25, write the word BLUE. if the number is between 25 and 35, write the word ORANGE. If it is any other number, write that ALL COLOURS ARE BEAUTIFUL. Answer – INPUT num IF num >=5 AND num < 15 THEN PRINT ‘GREEN’ ELSE IF num >= 15 AND num < 25 THEN PRINT ‘BLUE’ ELSE IF num >= 25 AND num < 35 THEN PRINT ‘ORANGE’ ELSE PRINT ‘ALL COLOURS ARE BEAUTIFUL’ END IF

10. Write an algorithm that accepts four numbers as input and find the largest and smallest of them. Answer – INPUT max SET min := max FOR i: = 1 to 3 do INPUT num IF num<max THEN SET max :=num ELSE SET min := num END LOOP PRINT max PINT min

11. Write an algorithm to display the total water bill charges of the month depending upon the number of units consumed by the customer as per the following criteria: • for the first 100 units @ 5 per unit • for next 150 units @ 10 per unit • more than 250 units @ 20 per unit Also add meter charges of 75 per month to calculate the total water bill . Answer – INPUT units SET bill := 0 IF units > 250 THEN CALCULATE bill := units * 20 ELIF units <= 100 THEN CALCULATE bill := units * 5 ELSE CALCULATE bill := 100 * 5 + (units – 100) * 10 END IF END IF CALCULATE totalBill := bill + 75 PRINT totalBill

12. What are conditionals? When they are required in a program? Answer –  Conditionals are programming language elements used in computer science that execute various computations or actions based on whether a boolean condition supplied by the programmer evaluates to true or false.

When a software needs to calculate a result based on a given circumstance, they are necessary (s).

14. Following is an algorithm for going to school or college. Can you suggest improvements in this to include other options? Reach_School_Algorithm a) Wake up b) Get ready c) Take lunch box d) Take bus e) Get off the bus f) Reach school or college Answer – a) Wake up b) Brush your teeth c) Take bath d) Dress up e) Eat breakfast f) Take lunch box g) Take Bus h) Get off the bus i) Reach school or college

15. Write a pseudocode to calculate the factorial of a number (Hint: Factorial of 5, written as 5!=5 4 3 21 ×××× ). Answer – INPUT num SET fact := 1, i := 1 WHILE i <= num DO CALCULATE fact := fact * i INCREASE i by 1 END LOOP PRINT fact

16. Draw a flowchart to check whether a given number is an Armstrong number. An Armstrong number of three digits is an integer such that the sum of the cubes of its digits is equal to the number itself. For example, 371 is an Armstrong number since 3**3 + 7**3 + 1**3 = 371. Answer –

17. Following is an algorithm to classify numbers as “Single Digit”, “Double Digit” or “Big”. Classify_Numbers_Algo INPUT Number IF Number < 9 “Single Digit” Else If Number < 99 “Double Digit” Else “Big” Verify for (5, 9, 47, 99, 100 200) and correct the algorithm if required Answer – INPUT Number IF Number <= 9 “Single Digit” Else If Number <= 99 “Double Digit” Else “Big”

18. For some calculations, we want an algorithm that accepts only positive integers upto 100.

Accept_1to100_Algo INPUT Number IF (0<= Number) AND (Number <= 100) ACCEPT Else REJECT a) On what values will this algorithm fail? b) Can you improve the algorithm?

Answer – INPUT number IF (number>0) AND (number <=100) ACCEPT Else REJECT

Author:  noor arora

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Steps for Problem Solving

Last updated at April 8, 2024 by Teachoo

• Analyzing the Problem: Involves identifying the problem , inputs the program should accept and the desired output of the program.
• Developing an Algorithm: The solution to the problem represented in natural language is called Algorithm. For a given problem, more than one algorithm is possible and we have to select the most suitable solution.
• Coding: Different high level languages can be used for writing the code based on the algorithm developed.
• Testing and Debugging: To ensure that the software meets all the business and technical requirements and works as expected . The errors or defects found in the testing phases are debugged or rectified and the program is again tested . This continues till all the errors are removed from the program.  

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Introduction to Problem Solving Class 11 MCQ

Teachers and Examiners ( CBSESkillEduction ) collaborated to create the Introduction to Problem Solving Class 11 MCQ . All the important Information are taken from the NCERT Textbook Computer Science (083) class 11 .

1. Computers cannot solve problems on their own. We must provide clear, step-by-step directions on how to solve the issue, this solving technique is known as ____________. a. Problem Solving  b. Problem Addressing c. Problem Analysis d. None of the above

2. ___________ is the process of identifying a problem, developing an algorithm for the identified problem and finally implementing the algorithm to develop a computer program. a. Problem Solving  b. Problem Addressing c. Problem Analysis d. None of the above

3. It is essential to device a solution before writing a program code for a given problem. The solution is represented in natural language and is called an ___________. a. Problem b. Algorithm  c. Problem Analysis d. None of the above

4. After finalizing the algorithm, we need to convert the algorithm into the_________. a. Format which can be understood by the computer b. High level programming language c. Both a) and b)  d. None of the above

5. What are the different type of testing. a. Component testing b. Integration testing c. System testing & Acceptance testing d. All of the above 

6. The developed programme needs to pass different parameter __________. The programme needs to fulfil the user’s requirements. It must respond in the anticipated amount of time. a. Method b. Testing  c. Error d. None of the above

7. To complete each activity in a computer, we follow a sequence of steps. This sequence of steps is known as ________. a. Problem b. Algorithm  c. Problem Analysis d. None of the above

8. ____________ is the act of locating and fixing problems in software code that could lead to unexpected behavior or crashes. These errors are sometimes referred to as “bugs.” a. Algorithm b. Problem Solving c. Debugging  d. All of the above

9. Why do we need an Algorithm? a. Accuracy b. Minimized mistakes c. Best possible solution d. All of the above 

10. Writing an algorithm is mostly considered as a ________. a. First step of programming  b. Second step of programming c. Third step of programming d. None of the above

11. Purpose of using algorithm? a. Increase the reliability b. Accuracy of the program c. Efficiency of obtaining solutions d. All of the above 

12. Characteristics of a good algorithm. a. Precision & Uniqueness b. Finiteness c. Input & Output d. All of the above 

13. Before implementing algorithm, the programmer should __________ first. a. Analyze the problem b. Identify the problem c. Both a) and b)  d. None of the above

14. A __________ is a visual representation of an algorithm. a. Flowchart  b. Pseudocode c. Algorithm d. None of the above

15. A flowchart is a diagram made up of __________. a. Boxes b. Diamonds c. Shapes d. All of the above 

16. Start/End also called _________ symbol, it indicates where the flow starts and ends. a. Terminator  b. Decision c. Input / Output d. Arrow

17. Process is also called ________, it represents a process, action, or a single step. a. Terminator b. Action Symbol  c. Decision d. Input/ Output

18. A __________ or branching point, usually a yes/no or true/ false question is asked, and based on the answer, the path gets split into two branches. a. Terminator b. Action Symbol c. Decision  d. Input/ Output

19. _________ is also called data symbol, this parallelogram shape is used to input or output data. a. Terminator b. Action Symbol c. Decision d. Input/ Output 

20. ___________ connector to show order of flow between shapes. a. Terminator b. Action Symbol c. Decision d. Arrow 

21. A ___________ is another way of representing an algorithm. It is considered as a non-formal language that helps programmers to write algorithm. a. Flowchart b. Pseudocode  c. Algorithm d. None of the above

22. The word “pseudocode” means ___________. a. Not real code  b. Real code c. Temporary code d. None of the above

23. It is necessary to run different input values through the algorithm’s phases in order to verify. This process of taking an input and running it through all of the algorithm’s steps is commonly referred to as a _______. a. Code b. Dry run  c. Method d. None of the above

24. Dry run will help us to __________. a. Identify any incorrect steps in the algorithm b. Figure out missing details or specifics in the algorithm c. Both a) and b)  d. None of the above

25. algorithms can be ___________ on the basis of the amount of processing time they need to run and the amount of memory that is needed to execute the algorithm. a. Compared b. Analyzed c. Both a) and b)  d. None of the above

26. ___________ is the set of rules or grammar that governs the formulation of the statements in the language, such as spellings, order of words, punctuation, etc. a. Analyzed b. Syntax  c. Code d. None of the above

27. Programs written using ________ are directly understood by the computer hardware, but they are difficult to deal with and comprehend by humans. a. High Level Language b. Binary Digit  c. 4GL Language d. None of the above

28. A program written in a high-level language is called ___________. a. Source code  b. Object c. Machine language d. None of the above

29. What type of problems are solved by computer. a. Easy problem b. Complex problem c. Both a) and b)  d. None of the above

30. The basic idea of solving a complex problem by decomposition is to __________. a. Decompose b. Break down c. Complex problem into smaller sub problems d. All of the above 

31. An algorithm is defined as a _________ procedure designed to perform an operation which will lead to the desired result, if followed correctly. a. Reverse procedure b. Step-by-step procedure  c. Random procedure d. None of the above

32. Algorithms have a definite ________ and a definite ________, and a finite number of steps. a. Middle & End b. Beginning & End  c. Beginning & Middle d. None of the above

33. A good algorithm, which is __________, receives input and produces an output. a. Precise b. Unique c. Finite d. All of the above 

34. In order to write effective algorithms we need to identify the__________ to be followed and the desired output. a. Input b. Process c. Both a) and b)  d. None of the above

35. A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents the algorithm graphically using boxes of various kinds, in an order connected by arrows. a. Flowchart  b. Algorithm c. Pseudocode d. None of the above

36. An _________ where all the steps are executed one after the other is said to execute in sequence. a. Flowchart b. Algorithm  c. Pseudocode d. None of the above

37. _________ making involves selection of one of the alternatives based on outcome of a condition. a. Terminator b. Action Symbol c. Decision  d. Arrow

38. An _________ may have a certain set of steps, which are repeating for a finite number of times, such an algorithm is said to be iterative. a. Flowchart b. Algorithm  c. Pseudocode d. None of the above

39. There can be __________ approach to solve a problem and hence we can have more than one algorithm for a particular problem. a. Only one b. More than one  c. No approach d. None of the above

40. The choice of __________ should be made on the basis of time and space complexity. a. Flowchart b. Algorithm  c. Pseudocode d. None of the above

Computer Science Class 11 Notes

• Unit 1 : Basic Computer Organisation
• Unit 1 : Encoding Schemes and Number System
• Unit 2 : Introduction to problem solving
• Unit 2 : Getting Started with Python
• Unit 2 : Conditional statement and Iterative statements in Python
• Unit 2 : Function in Python
• Unit 2 : String in Python
• Unit 2 : Lists in Python
• Unit 2 : Tuples in Python
• Unit 2 : Dictionary in Python
• Unit 3 : Society, Law and Ethics

Computer Science Class 11 MCQ

Computer science class 11 ncert solutions.

• Unit 2 : Tuples and Dictionary in Python