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Critical Thinking: Your Guide to Effective Argument, Successful Analysis and Independent Study Second Edition

What is critical thinking? How do you apply it in your assessments? How do you build a good argument or find evidence?  Critical thinking is a set of techniques. You just need to learn them. This is your personal toolkit for demystifying critical thinking. Clear and focused, it shows you how to sharpen your ability to think critically by developing and honing your skills. You’ll learn how to:

• Build a solid argument and express your ideas clearly
• Evaluate evidence and identify errors
• Understand and account for biased or flawed thinking
• Become a savvy user of technology
• Sift through the deluge of digital information
• Develop confident critical writing.

Designed to work with a power pack of digital resources and exercises, you′ll find practical and effective tools to think and write critically in an information-saturated age. Whether you′re starting your first degree or arriving as an international or mature student, this book equips you with the skills, insights and confidence to succeed.

This second edition has been redesigned and fine-tuned with a focus on accessibility: with a new and improved layout to improve the eBook experience, and updated language, examples and further reading recommendations throughout.

• ISBN-10 1529718538
• ISBN-13 978-1529718539
• Edition Second
• Publisher SAGE Publications Ltd
• Publication date October 6, 2022
• Language English
• Dimensions 7.5 x 1 x 9.75 inches
• Print length 384 pages
• See all details

Editorial Reviews

About the author, product details.

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ SAGE Publications Ltd; Second edition (October 6, 2022)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 384 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1529718538
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1529718539
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 2.05 pounds
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 7.5 x 1 x 9.75 inches
• #2,067 in Philosophy Criticism (Books)
• #7,535 in Cognitive Psychology (Books)
• #23,415 in Study Guides (Books)

About the author

Tom chatfield.

Dr Tom Chatfield is a British writer, broadcaster and tech philosopher. His books exploring digital culture are published in over two dozen languages. His latest non-fiction book, Critical Thinking, is a bestselling textbook in its field; and his debut novel, This Is Gomorrah, was a Sunday Times thriller of the month.

A columnist for the BBC, international commentator and TED Global speaker, he has worked as a writer and consultant with some of the world's leading technology firms. He researched his book Critical Thinking as Visiting Associate at the Oxford Internet Institute, and is a guest faculty member at the Said Business School for its strategic leadership programme.

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Nonfiction Books » Psychology » Self Help

Critical thinking: your guide to effective argument, successful analysis and independent study, by tom chatfield, recommendations from our site.

“It includes exercises, with summaries in the margins, it’s printed in textbook format. But that shouldn’t put a general reader off, because I think it’s the kind of thing you can work through yourself and dip into. It’s clearly written and accessible….Chatfield teaches a point, then asks you to test yourself to see whether you’ve learnt the moves that he’s described. It’s very wide-ranging: it includes material on cognitive biases as well as more logical moves and arguments. His aim is not simply to help you think better, and to structure arguments better, but also to write better. It’s the kind of book that you might expect a good university to present to the whole first year intake, across a whole array of courses. But I’m including it here more as a recommendation for the autodidact. If you want to learn to think better: here is a course in the form of a book. You can work through this on your own.” Read more...

The best books on Critical Thinking

Nigel Warburton , Philosopher

Other books by Tom Chatfield

Wise animals: how technology has made us what we are by tom chatfield, fun inc. by tom chatfield, our most recommended books, man's search for meaning by viktor frankl, happiness: lessons from a new science by richard layard, stumbling on happiness by daniel gilbert, popular: the power of likability in a status-obsessed world by mitch prinstein, dancing in the streets by barbara ehrenreich, the weather in the streets by rosamond lehmann.

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Critical Thinking: Your Guide to Effective Argument, Successful Analysis and Independent Study

Tom chatfield.

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Book Details

• Publisher : Sage Publications Ltd
• Publish Date : Aug 1st, 2022
• Pages : 384
• Language : English
• Edition : undefined - 0002
• Dimensions : 9.69in - 7.44in - 0.79in - 1.51lb
• EAN : 9781529718522
• Categories : • Study Guides • Criticism • Personal Success

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Critical thinking: your guide to effective argument, successful analysis and independent study - hardcover, chatfield, tom.

• 4.12 4.12 out of 5 stars 190 ratings by Goodreads

• About this title
• About this edition
• Spot an argument and understand why reasoning matters
• Discover errors and evaluate evidence
• Understand and account for bias
• Become a savvy user of technology
• Develop clear, confident critical writing

"synopsis" may belong to another edition of this title.

Dr. Tom Chatfield is an author, tech philosopher and broadcaster. His books exploring the skills required to thrive in a digital age, including ‘Critical Thinking’ (SAGE) and ‘Live This Book!’ (Penguin), are published in over thirty territories and languages. His debut novel, the thriller ‘This Is Gomorrah’ (Hodder), was published worldwide in July 2019.

Tom is interested in improving our understanding of digital technology and its uses in policy, education, and engagement. He is currently technology and media advisor at Agathos LLP; non-executive director at the Authors’ Licensing and Collecting Society; a faculty member at London’s School of Life; a Master’s committee member at the Economics Research Council; a past guest faculty member at the Said Business School, Oxford; and a senior expert at the Global Governance Institute. Past collaborators include Google, the BBC, Channel 4 Education, Mind Candy, Shift, Flamingo London, Six to Start, Preloaded, Firefish, Future Lab, Sense Worldwide, Sugru, and Allianz.

Tom speaks and broadcasts around the world on technology, the arts, and media. Appearances include TED Global and the Cannes Lions Festival; authors@Google; the World Congress on Information Technology; Science Foo Camp; Intelligence Squared; the Houses of Parliament; Aspen Seminars for Leaders; and venues ranging from the Sydney Opera House to the Googleplex.

A launch columnist for the BBC’s worldwide technology site, BBC Future, Tom writes and commentates widely in the international media, as well as guest lectures at universities in the UK and Europe. He is a regular on BBC radio and television, and broadcasts around the world.

I can’t stress enough what an excellent addition this is to a rather - what I thought, anyway – saturated market. Well done to all involved! It’s a very comprehensive text, and one which I’d happily recommend to staff and students alike. I’ll certainly be drawing inspiration from it when building class resources in future.

Tom Chatfield has excelled at the way to interact with the independent learner in this book by explaining not just the skill of critical thinking, but the reasons behind its need in the day-to-day life. ‘Critical Thinking’ will leave one with a universal skill which is crucial to any millennial in the modern world. A perfect guide to better learning and beyond.

This is a very comprehensive, well elaborated and clearly structured book. It provides readers with systematically organized concepts and skills to improve their critical thinking in an easily accessible way, laying a vital foundation for their future academic study, professional work and life. It is especially helpful for the first-year college students who are about to embark on their academic life.

"About this title" may belong to another edition of this title.

• Publisher SAGE Publications Ltd
• Publication date 2017
• ISBN 10  1473947138
• ISBN 13  9781473947139
• Binding Hardcover
• Edition number 1
• Number of pages 328

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ISBN 10:  1473947146 ISBN 13:  9781473947146 Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2017 Softcover

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Critical Thinking : Your Guide to Effective Argument, Successful Analysis and Independent Study

Publisher description.

What is critical thinking? How do you apply it in your assessments? How do you build a good argument or find evidence? Critical thinking is a set of techniques. You just need to learn them.This is your personal toolkit for demystifying critical thinking. Clear and focused, it shows you how to sharpen your ability to think critically by developing and honing your skills. You'll learn how to: Build a solid argument and express your ideas clearly Evaluate evidence and identify errors Understand and account for biased or flawed thinking Become a savvy user of technology Sift through the deluge of digital information Develop confident critical writing.Designed to work with a power pack of digital resources and exercises, you'²ll find practical and effective tools to think and write critically in an information-saturated age. Whether you'²re starting your first degree or arriving as an international or mature student, this book equips you with the skills, insights and confidence to succeed.This second edition has been redesigned and fine-tuned with a focus on accessibility: with a new and improved layout to improve the eBook experience, and updated language, examples and further reading recommendations throughout.

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Critical Thinking Your Guide to Effective Argument, Successful Analysis and Independent Study

• Tom Chatfield - Author, tech philosopher and broadcaster
• Description

What is critical thinking? How do you apply it in your assessments? How do you build a good argument or find evidence?  Critical thinking is a set of techniques. You just need to learn them. This is your personal toolkit for demystifying critical thinking. Clear and focused, it shows you how to sharpen your ability to think critically by developing and honing your skills. You’ll learn how to:

• Build a solid argument and express your ideas clearly
• Evaluate evidence and identify errors
• Understand and account for biased or flawed thinking
• Become a savvy user of technology
• Sift through the deluge of digital information
• Develop confident critical writing.

Designed to work with a power pack of digital resources and exercises, you'll find practical and effective tools to think and write critically in an information-saturated age. Whether you're starting your first degree or arriving as an international or mature student, this book equips you with the skills, insights and confidence to succeed.

This second edition has been redesigned and fine-tuned with a focus on accessibility: with a new and improved layout to improve the eBook experience, and updated language, examples and further reading recommendations throughout.

Supplements

 Access a range of free digital resources to support your teaching and student engagement:

• Welcome video from Tom ('What is Critical Thinking?')
• YouTube videos introducing each chapter in a nutshell
• Ten Commandments animated shorts to start discussions
• Set of BuzzFeed quizzes to test what you (think) you know
• Downloadable posters to display in the classroom or library
• Downloadable PowerPoint slides to support teaching
• Interactive and downloadable workbook to give you even more space to reflect and practice

Tom’s book continues to be a real hit with both undergraduate and postgraduate students. This book immerses students into the world of critical thinking using practical applications and experiences. The book triggers a meaningful sensemaking process and demystifies critical reading, thinking and reading, allowing students to develop their skills.

Tom has a knack for providing relatable examples to break down the ideas around being a critical reader and writer. This second edition is no different and continues to carefully guide us all with developing our skills of criticality. A must read for anyone engaged with academic writing.

An important reading for every course at my institution, because of its vast and relevant topics about critical thinking. A reference for our library as well.

An excellent book about the development of critical competences. "Critical Thinking" is a must in the reading lists of graduate and post graduate students given the relevant topics covered and the tasks that can be used for self and group reflection purposes. The easy-to-follow nature of the text makes it appropriate for a wide academic and professional audience.

It is helpful in focusing on what critical thinking is, how it works and how helpful it is in education and life

This title has been really helpful to support social work degree students make the transistion from level 3 courses to level 4. It has helped them to develop their critical thinking and to understand what is required to be a critical thinker

I think this will be a big support to some of my students.

A very useful guide to thinking and writing critically. Great for my postgrads

i bought a copy; it is a very good bock

Very appropriate book for undergraduate students. It takes students through how they can structure their essays with relevant arguments and analysis independently.

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Chapter 1: Understanding the reasons behind things

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Center for Teaching Innovation

Facilitating discussions.

Facilitating a longer discussion in a small class or seminar requires many skills in planning, asking good questions, listening, managing the time, keeping an eye on the group dynamics, and thinking on your feet to respond. It takes time and experience to become a good discussion facilitator. Observing how other instructors facilitate discussion, either by asking a colleague if you can observe a class or through participating in the Big Red Teaching Days class observation program, is one way to enhance your skills. Below, you can find strategies to plan, structure, and lead a discussion.

Asking Good Questions as a Facilitator

Shape your questions to practice intellectual skills . When creating your question prompts, reflect on your learning outcomes and the intellectual skills you are helping the students to practice. For example, you may want students to practice critiquing the study methods or use of evidence, examining different perspectives, identifying assumptions or biases, seeing themes or patterns, or recognizing rhetorical moves. Write your questions with your learning outcomes in mind.

Ask one question at a time and then wait . Be careful about making a question too complex, stacking questions (asking two or more questions at one time), or over-explaining and rephrasing your question. Ask one question and then wait 10-30 seconds or give students some time to write. A complex question needs thinking time. Allowing more thinking time encourages greater participation from everyone – not just from the students who can quickly jump into a discussion.

Organizing discussion questions Consider organizing your questions into the categories of ‘warming up,’ ‘exploring’, and ‘wrapping up’.

Warm-up: Give students an opportunity to start thinking about a topic or question. This might include individual writing or thinking time or a discussion prompt to discuss with a partner. Some example warm-up questions include.

• Try to write a one sentence summary of this topic/reading/case study etc.
• Write down three questions you have about this topic/reading/film/art work/material etc.
• What stood out to you in the reading/film/music etc.?
• How do you feel about the argument or perspective presented? Do you agree or disagree and why?
• What connections can you see between this topic and current events or issues?
• What potential biases or assumptions can you identify in the material?
• What are some possible counterarguments or alternative perspectives?
• How does this topic relate to your own experiences or beliefs? What new insights did you gain?

Exploring : This is the heart of the discussion when students are exploring different threads, topics, ideas, and perspectives. Instructor questions can deepen the discussion and help students practice intellectual skills such as source or evidence evaluation, comparison, identifying assumptions or bias, identifying themes or patterns, critique or questioning, and synthesis. 

Wrap-up : At the end, leave time for students to reflect on take-aways, insights, or further questions to consider. The instructor might want to highlight certain points or ideas. Note that wrapping up does not necessarily mean finding one answer or consensus on a topic.

Back to top

Warming-up Strategies

• Minute paper: Pose a question for students to write about for a minute (or five minutes)
• Think/pair/share: Present students with a question, problem, or item for reflection. Have students reflect or write on their own for 1-2 minutes, then discuss with a peer for another 2-5 minutes. Invite several pairs to share their thoughts. 
• Close reading, close observation, close listening: Ask your students to read and provide a detailed explanation of  a passage of text, listen to poetry or music, or closely examine an image. Then ask them to answer a question(s) based on the material. Have students discuss their thoughts with a peer(s).
• Write a list of questions: Ask students to write a list of questions they have about a topic, a reading, an image, a piece of music, an experiment, etc. This can be followed by pair discussion, small group, or whole class discussion of some of the questions.
• Real-life examples: For a concept in the class, ask students to think of or find an example from real life (this could be from their own life or in the news). The purpose is to help students build connections and memories as well as to see if they can transfer what they are learning to other examples. It can also help value and highlight diverse perspectives.
• Polling questions: Ask students to vote or respond to a question on a scale of 1-5. Ask them to share their reasoning for their answer with a partner. PollEverywhere software can help with classroom polling. You can sign up for a free Cornell account through the Center for Teaching Innovation.

Exploring Strategies

Questions that can deepen and enrich the conversation. As the instructor, you may need to encourage students to build on each other's ideas, use evidence to back up their comments, or uncover assumptions. Some question types that help to deepen the discussion include:

• Evidence questions: ask students to find examples or examine the supporting evidence.
• Connecting questions: ask students to compare or link this discussion to previous class topics, readings, or themes, or ask students to build on what someone has said.
• Counter-argument questions: ask about other possibilities or perspectives, underlying assumptions, or may take a devil’s advocate position.
• Hypothetical questions: ask ‘what if?’ and prompt consideration of other possibilities or outcomes.
• Summary or synthesis questions: ask students to identify key ideas, themes, what they have learned, or questions they still have about a topic.
• Noticing and wondering questions: As the instructor, you might notice emotions or patterns in the room such as uncertainty, avoidance, enthusiasm, curiosity, controversy, or anger. You could phrase a question such as “I’m noticing that people seem really enthusiastic about the idea that…what is especially appealing about this idea?”

Other Strategies for Exploring Complex Topics Include:

Wrapping up the discussion.

Effectively concluding a discussion can be just as important as the discussion itself. Various techniques can help maximize the time spent, reinforce the learning, and allow for connections to future parts of the course. Consider trying out the following at the end of a discussion session:

• Summarize key points with the group : Highlight the main ideas, critical concepts, and arguments discussed, and recap any consensus or differing viewpoints. 
• Connect back to learning objectives : Relate the discussion back to the course objectives and why it’s important. Emphasize how the discussion contributes to the overall understanding of the subject matter.
• Acknowledge contributions : Point out specific contributions that added significant value. This helps learners to feel heard, valued and cared about, and a desire to contribute in the future.
• What was the most surprising or unexpected point that emerged from today’s discussion?
• How did today’s discussion change or reinforce your understanding of the topic?
• Can you identify any real-world applications or implications of the concepts  discussed?
• What questions remain unanswered for you after our discussion, and how might  you go about finding the answers?
• How does what we discussed today connect to other topics we’ve covered in this course or other courses?
• What is something you learned from someone else today?
• Provide a closing question or thought : You could also open the floor to last thoughts from anyone in the group.
• Highlight applications and real-world connections : Apply the discussion to other contexts and real-world scenarios to demonstrate higher-level thinking skills and provide relevancy, engagement, and deeper learning.
• Connection for the next class : Explain how today’s discussion relates to future topics. This helps to create a sense of continuity and context for the learning material.

Reflection Afterward

• Assign follow-up reflection activities : To reinforce the learning and generate new ideas, try having students complete reflection activities, such as exit tickets (one thing they learned and one question they still have), reflection papers, student summaries, discussion boards, debates, case studies, and concept maps. Decide whether it’s beneficial for this process to be solo or shared with the group.
• Solicit student feedback : How did it go for learners? An anonymous survey, exit slip, or a minute paper on how it went for them can significantly help to assess what students are taking with them from the class. You can learn so much in just one check-in that you can take with you for years. You might discover areas where students were hindered, held back, or had a barrier preventing them from performing. There might also be useful suggestions from students for next time.
• What went well? How do you feel it went for learners?
• Was there anything that could be improved for next time?
• Were there question prompts that worked especially well? Or ones that seemed confusing?
• What did you specifically do well? Is there anything you as the facilitator might do differently?
• Were there any lulls or heated moments? How might you address or manage these in the future?
• Are there ways to add roles or structures that could take some of the pressure off of you? Perhaps there are student roles and tasks to help facilitate or maintain the flow of discussion. 
• If something didn’t go so well or you are concerned with students' psychological safety, you can still acknowledge or apologize next class and share how you are working to address it. You can also connect students with campus resources and reach out to directly impacted students individually.

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Critical Thinking: Your Guide to Effective Argument, Successful Analysis and Independent Study Hardcover – 8 Nov. 2017

Shortlisted for the British Book Design and Production Awards 2018, Educational Books category Do you need to demonstrate a good argument or find more evidence?  Are you mystified by your tutor′s comment ′critical analysis needed′?  What does it really mean to think well - and how do you learn to do it?

Critical thinking is a set of techniques. You just need to learn them.

So here’s your personal toolkit for demystifying critical engagement. I’ll show you how to sharpen your critical thinking by developing and practicing this set of skills, so you can…

• Spot an argument and get why reasoning matters
• Sniff out errors and evaluate evidence
• Understand and account for bias
• Become a savvy user of technology
• Develop clear, confident critical writing.

Designed to work seamlessly with a power pack of digital resources and exercises, you′ll find practical and effective tools to think and write critically in an information-saturated age.  No matter whether you′re launching on your first degree or arriving as an international or mature student, Critical Thinking gives you the skills, insights and confidence to succeed.

In your critical thinking toolkit

• Watch the 10 commandments videos – life rules to change how you think
• Smart Study boxes share excellent tips to whip your work into shape
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• ISBN-10 1473947138
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• Publication date 8 Nov. 2017
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Russia Amps Up Online Campaign Against Ukraine Before U.S. Elections

Moscow has found better ways to conceal influence operations that spread arguments for isolationism, officials and experts say.

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By Julian E. Barnes and David E. Sanger

Julian E. Barnes and David E. Sanger, who have covered Russian cyber and information operations for years, reported from Washington.

Russia has intensified its online efforts to derail military funding for Ukraine in the United States and Europe, largely by using harder-to-trace technologies to amplify arguments for isolationism ahead of the U.S. elections, according to disinformation experts and intelligence assessments.

In recent days, intelligence agencies have warned that Russia has found better ways to hide its influence operations, and the Treasury Department issued sanctions last week against two Russian companies that it said supported the Kremlin’s campaign.

The stepped-up operations, run by aides to President Vladimir V. Putin and Russian military intelligence agencies, come at a critical moment in the debate in the United States over support for Ukraine in its war against Russia. While opposition to additional aid may have started without Russian influence, the Kremlin now sees an opportunity.

Russian operatives are laying the groundwork for what could be a stronger push to support candidates who oppose aiding Ukraine, or who call for pulling the United States back from NATO and other alliances, U.S. officials and independent researchers say.

Investigators say that firms working in the “Doppelgänger” network — and Russian intelligence agencies duplicating the tactics — are using the techniques to replicate and distort legitimate news sites in order to undermine continued aid to Ukraine.

These techniques are subtle and far more skillful than what Russia attempted in 2016, when it made up Facebook posts or tweets in the names of nonexistent Americans, and used them to fuel protests over immigration or other hot-button issues.

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