criminology essay example

Criminology Essay Examples

12+ Criminology Essay Examples to Inspire Your Writing

Published on: May 6, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 30, 2024

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Many students struggle to understand the complex world of criminology and may have difficulty finding essay examples to guide their writing. Without proper guidance, students may show subpar academic performance.

But fret not! Our blog post offers 12+ diverse and unique criminology essay examples to help students expand their understanding.

So let’s dive into these examples.

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Descriptive Essays about Criminology 

Read the following examples to learn more! 

Title: The Impact of the Death Penalty on Crime Rates - Criminology Essay 

The psychological effects of Incarceration on Inmates

The history of forensic science and its impact on modern criminal investigations

Expository Essays about Criminology 

Here is a top example of an expository essay about criminology. 

Title: The Role of Social Media in the Spread of Criminal Activity

The factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency

The Impact of community policing on crime prevention

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Persuasive Essays about Criminology 

Title: The Need for Criminal Justice Reform in the United States

The ethical implications of using facial recognition technology in Law enforcement

The effectiveness of restorative justice programs in reducing recidivism

Compare and Contrast Essays about Criminology 

Looking for a compare-and-contrast essay example on criminology? Read the following. 

Title: A Comparison of the Criminal Justice Systems in the United States and Europe

A comparison of the theories of crime causation of Cesare Beccaria and Emile Durkheim

A comparison of the effectiveness of prison sentences versus probation in reducing recidivism rates

Tips for Writing a Criminology Essay

Writing a criminology essay requires careful attention to detail and a clear understanding of the subject matter. Here are some tips to help you write a successful criminology essay:

• Conduct thorough research: Before writing your essay, make sure you have a solid understanding of the topic. This requires conducting thorough research using a variety of sources, including academic journals, books, and government reports.
• Develop a clear and concise thesis statement : Your thesis statement should clearly state the purpose of your essay and your position on the topic. Make sure your thesis statement is concise and easy to understand.
• Use relevant and credible sources: When researching your topic, make sure you use credible sources that are relevant to the subject matter. Avoid using sources that are biased or unreliable.
• Follow a logical structure: Your essay should have a clear structure that follows a logical sequence. Use headings and subheadings to organize your essay and make it easy for readers to follow your arguments.
• Edit and proofread carefully: After completing your essay, make sure you edit and proofread it carefully. Check for errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Make sure your essay is well-organized and flows smoothly.

In conclusion, criminology is a fascinating subject that requires in-depth research and analysis. Writing a criminology essay can be a challenging task, but it is an essential requirement for students studying in this field. 

By reviewing the examples of criminology essays provided in this blog, students can gain insights into the different approaches to writing a criminology essay and develop their skills in the subject.

However, if you are still struggling with your criminology essay or need help getting started, consider using our essay writing company . 

Our AI essay generator can help you craft a high-quality criminology essay that meets your requirements. 

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How to Write a Criminology Essay: Writing Guide, Examples, Outline & Structure

Criminology is a fascinating area of study that looks at the causes, implications, and prevention of crime. If you are a criminology student, you may be needed to craft essays on number of topics relevant to this topic.

Writing a criminology essay can be difficult, particularly, if you are unfamiliar with the writing style and forma needed for academic writing.

In this blog post, we will offer you with techniques and instructions on how to write a criminology essay that satisfies the academic specifications. We will also give you with some example of criminology essays to give you a concept of how to structure and convey your ideas. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced  essay writer , this blog post will be resourcefully of value for you.

Table of Contents

Understanding the essay prompt and selecting a topic.

Comprehending the essay prompt and choosing a topic is essential steps in writing a effective criminology essay. Here are some pointers for every stage of the process:

Understanding the essay prompt:

• Read the prompt keenly: Before you begin writing, ensure you comprehend exactly what the prompt is asking you to do. Search for main phrases or words that show the scope of the assignment, like “compare,” “contrast,” “analyze,” or “evaluate.”
• Determine the topic: after you’ve parsed the prompt, you should have a clear idea of the general topic your essay will discuss.
• Identify the scope: based on the length of your essay and the focus of the prompt, you may need to narrow your topic down to a particular element of the wider theme.

Selecting a topic:

• Think about your interests: When selecting a topic, it’s crucial to pick something that you find involving in person.
• Search for gaps in the research: One way to select a topic is to look for areas of criminology that have not been extensively researched or that haven’t been looked at from a particular angle.
• Think about recent events s: picking a topic is another approach is to look for current events or ongoing debates in criminology that you find interesting.
• Brainstorm potential angles: after you have a general topic in mind, brainstorm different angles or ways you could take to assess the topic.

Sample Topic : The  Impact of Solitary Confinement  on Prisoners’ Mental Health

For instance, when, your essay prompt requests you to evaluate the effects of specific element of the criminal justice system on a problem in criminology, you might pick to concentrate on the use of solitary confinement in prisons. This is a subject that has been the topic of ongoing debate in recent years, and it has significant consequences for the mental health and wellbeing of incarcerated person. To narrow your focus, you might select to the specific impacts of long-term solitary confinement on prisoners’ mental health, or you might evaluate the ethical consequences of using this practice as a kind of punishment.

Conducting Research and Organizing Your Ideas

Carrying out research and structuring your concepts is an important step in writing an effective criminology essay. Here are some tips and sample ideas to assist you do it successfully:

• Begin with research query: Before you start your research, it’s crucial to have a clear idea of what you want to look at in your essay.   Related : How to write a research paper .
• Find trustworthy sources: after you have a research question, it’s time to find sources to back up your argument. Look for reputable academic journals, books, and other scholarly sources that offer in-depth analyses of your topic
• Take proper notes: As you read through your sources, take in-depth notes on the most crucial points and claims.
• Organize your notes into an outline: after you have completed your research, it’s time to arrange your ideas into a clear, logical structure for your essay
• Employ evidence to back up your arguments: As you write your essay, make sure to use evidence from your research to back up your arguments.

Sample topic: Exploring the connection between poverty and crime Research question: How does poverty add to criminal behavior?

• Wilson, W. J. (2012). The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. University of Chicago Press .
• Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1993). Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points through Life. Harvard University Press.
• National Bureau of Economic Research . (2020). “Crime and the Labor Market.” NBER Working Paper No. 27539.

Criminology Essay Outline

• Introduction
• Definition of poverty and its effect on society
• Research question
• Poverty and crime
• Illustration of the connection between poverty and criminal behavior
• Evidence from academic studies
• The role of social factors
• The effect of family structure and social networks on crime
• The impact of education and job chances on criminal behavior
• Policy implications
• possible solutions for lowering poverty and crime
• The significance of discussing poverty in criminal justice reform efforts
• Summary of main arguments
• Suggestions for future research

Writing A Compelling Introduction and Thesis Statement

When it comes to crafting a criminology essay, a strong introduction and thesis statement are important in capturing the readers interest and setting the stage for your argument. Here are some tips for crafting successful introduction and thesis statement:

• Hook the reader with an interest grabbing opening sentence. The initial sentences of your essay need to be memorable and involving.
• Give some history information on your topic. Once your opening sentence, you need to give some context for your argument.
• Introduce your thesis statement. Your thesis statement needs to be the last sentence of your introduction. This is the major point that you will be arguing throughout your essay, so it needs to be clear, concise, and precise

Here’s an instance of a successful introduction and thesis statement for a criminology essay:

Opening sentence: “Did you know that hate crimes against Asian Americans increased by 149% in major U.S. cities in 2020?”

Background information: “As the COVID-19 pandemic spread across the world, so did racist rhetoric blame Asian people for the outbreak. This xenophobic sentiment has manifested in a surge of hate crimes intended for Asian Americans, especially in urban places.”

Read the comprehensive guide on how to write a Covid-19 essay .

Thesis statement: “This essay will argue that social media platforms have facilitated the spread of racist and xenophobic messages, adding to the rise in hate crimes against Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic.”

Supporting Your Argument with Evidence and Analysis

When writing a criminology essay, backing up your argument with evidence and analysis is a critical element of an effective essay. Here are some tips and sample ideas to assist you successfully incorporate evidence and analysis into your essay:

• Select related sources: ensure to pick sources that are directly related to your argument.

Sample idea: If you’re arguing that harsher sentencing does not deter crime, you could utilize sources that give data on crime rates before and after the implementation of mandatory minimum sentences.

• Employ credible sources: Your sources need to be trustworthy and credible. Look for sources that have been published in reputable journals or crafted by experts in the field.

Sample idea: If you’re arguing that the death penalty is not an efficient deterrent to crime, you may utilize sources like academic studies or reports from organizations like Amnesty International .

• Evaluate your evidence: Don’t just convey your evidence; evaluate it to show how it backs up it to demonstrate how it supports your argument. Illustrate why the evidence is related and how it back up your thesis.

Sample idea: If you’re arguing that mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses disproportionately affect people of color, you could analyze data on the racial breakdown of those serving mandatory minimum sentences to demonstrate your point.

• Employ a variety of evidence: utilize different forms of evidence to back up your argument, like statistics, case studies, or expert testimony.

Sample idea: If you’re arguing that police brutality against minorities is a systemic issue, you could utilize case studies of high-profile incidents and also statistical data on police use of force to back up your argument.

Related: statistics homework help and Case study homework help .

• Think about counterarguments: Anticipate and discuss counterarguments to your position. This will indicate that you have taken into account different perspectives and strengthen your general argument. Read more about how to write an argumentative essay .

Sample idea: If you’re arguing that gun control laws are necessary to lower gun violence, you could discuss counterarguments that suggest that gun control infringes on Second Amendment rights or that criminals will find a way to acquire guns regardless of the law.

Related: How to write a gun control essay .

Editing and Proofreading for Clarity and Coherence

Editing and proofreading are crucial steps in crafting any academic essay, involving a criminology essay. Here are some techniques for editing and proofreading your essay to be sure clarity and coherence:

• Take a break before editing: It’s crucial to step away from your essay for a while before you begin editing
• Read your essay out loud: Reading your essay out loud could assist you to determine awkward sentences, grammatical mistakes, and other problem that might not be apparent when reading silently.
• Utilize spellcheck and grammar tools: Spellcheck and grammar tools can assist you spot spelling and grammar mistakes, but keep awareness that they are not foolproof
• Verify for consistency: ensure that your essay is consistent in terms of formatting, language, and style.
• Check your transitions: ensure that your essay smoothly flows from one paragraph to the next. Check your transitions to make sure that your ideas are linked and that your arguments are logical.
• Remove unnecessary words and phrases: make sure to remove any unnecessary words and phrases that may be distracting the clarity and coherence of your essay.

Sample topic: The effect of community policing on crime rates in urban areas.

Editing and proofreading for clarity and coherence are crucial to producing a high-quality criminology essay. By spending the time to review your work keenly and make necessary revisions, you can make sure that your essay is simple to comprehend and efficiently discuss your ideas. By following the tips above, you can ensure that your criminology essay is clear, coherent, and convincing.

Examples of Essay on Criminology

Sample 1: capital punishment.

Criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior and the criminal justice system. It is a multidisciplinary field that draws upon knowledge and theories from a variety of social sciences, including sociology,  psychology , and law. Criminologists seek to understand the causes of crime, the impact of crime on society and the effectiveness of criminal justice policies and practices.

One of the most important tasks of criminologists is to identify the risk factors that contribute to criminal behavior which includes examining factors such as poverty,  family dynamics , mental illness, and drug addiction. By understanding these risk factors, criminologists can develop strategies to prevent crime and intervene early to address the underlying issues that lead to criminal behavior.

Another key area of focus for criminologists is the criminal justice system itself including examining the effectiveness of various criminal justice policies and practices, such as policing strategies, sentencing guidelines, and prison reform initiatives. Criminologists also study the impact of the criminal justice system on individuals and communities, including issues of racial and economic inequality.

The field of criminology plays a critical role in understanding and addressing crime and its effects on society. Through rigorous research and analysis, criminologists can provide policymakers with evidence-based recommendations for improving the criminal justice system and reducing crime. Conclusively, criminology is an important field for anyone interested in promoting social justice and public safety.

Sample 2: Capital Punishment Essay

As a definition , Capital punishment , also known as the  death penalty , refers to the practice of executing individuals who have been convicted of certain crimes, typically murder. The use of capital punishment is a largely controversial issue with proponents arguing that it serves as a deterrent to crime and ensures justice for victims. Opponents argue that it is a violation of human rights and has no proven deterrent effect.

One argument in favor of capital punishment is that it serves as a deterrent to crime. According to  armensty.org on the topic , the idea is that the fear of execution will deter potential criminals from committing murder, as they will be aware of the consequences. However, this argument is hotly debated, with opponents citing studies that show no significant difference in murder rates between states with and without the death penalty.

Opponents of capital punishment argue that it is a violation of human rights, as it involves taking the life of a human being. They also point out that the death penalty is often disproportionately applied to  marginalized groups , such as the poor and people of color, and that there have been cases of innocent people being executed.

Another argument against capital punishment is that it does not provide closure for victims’ families. While proponents argue that the death penalty provides justice for the victim, opponents argue that the lengthy appeals process and uncertainty surrounding execution dates can prolong the pain and trauma experienced by the families of murder victims.

Conclusively, capital punishment is a contentious issue that raises complex ethical and legal questions. While proponents argue that it serves as a deterrent to crime and ensures justice for victims, opponents argue that it violates human rights and is often applied in a discriminatory manner. As such, the use of capital punishment remains a deeply divisive issue, with no easy answers.

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If you are struggling with your criminology essay or need help with research or arranging your ideas, there are numerous reputable  assignment writing services  available that specialize in  academic writing . By hiring our writing service, you will be sure of reliable, trustworthy, and delivering high-quality work. Some factors to be sure of when you think about selecting a writing service include:

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

A criminology essay purposes to look at particular element of criminology, like a theory, policy, or phenomenon, and deeply evaluates. The objective is to convey a well-supported argument that adds to the field of criminology and shows critical thinking and analytical skills.

When picking a topic, think about what interests you within the field of criminology, and what particular element of the topic you want to look at. You should also take into account the availability of sources and research on the subject, and whether you can make a specific contribution to the discussion.

A criminology essay needs to have a clear and concise introduction that gives background information and states your thesis statement. The body of the essay needs to convey evidence and evaluation to back up your argument, and the ending needs to sum up your key points and restate your thesis.

You need to utilize various trustworthy sources, including academic articles, books, government reports, and statistics. Ensure to analyze to the credibility and relevance of your sources before employing them in your essay.

You need to employ evidence to back up your argument, but also evaluates and interpret it to show your critical thinking skills. Ensure to illustrate how every piece of evidence backs up your thesis, and think about alternative interpretations or counterarguments.

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Essay Samples on Criminology

The polygraph for modern-day police work.

In times of stressful or scary situations, humans tend to have a fight or flight response to whatever is happening to them and that response is exactly what polygraphs were invented to measure. The first recorded machine that is similar to the modern-day polygraph used...

• Criminals in Society
• Criminology

Recidivism Rates And Overcrowding In Prisons

Abstract: Historically, and currently there is a problem with increasing recidivism and overcrowding in prison. As a nation we need to do something with the recidivism rate that plagues our prison system creating, in some cases, extreme overcrowding. We have a problem with inmates who...

• American Criminal Justice System

Adnan Syed Is Innocent Until Proven Guilty

This last piece of evidence is very important as it complet----. In episode 9 of the podcast, a woman named Laura came out to Sarah Koenig testifying that “There’s no way, there was never any phones at Best Buy. There was never any phones around...

The Wrongness Of The Statement Poverty Is A State Of Mind

The Poverty situation is getting worse and worse every day in the United States, millions of people are currently living in the streets and in poor circumstances. America is considered to be the most developed and richest contry in the world and yet is a...

• Poverty in America

Reliability And Implications Of Neuroscientific Findings In Legal Contexts

Abstract Neuroscience has steadily become a standard part of the psychological assessment in court but is still relatively new. The usage of it still lacks consensus from both the neuroscientific as well as the legal side and proper policies have not been put into practice....

• Nervous System

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Possible Robbery Prevention Measures in Twin-Cities

Robbery is a severe crime and brutal act by someone or a group of people who do this. According to the law of Minnesota, robbery is not just taking the property of other people by force but it is severe crime. Here I discuss the...

Identification and Means of Prevention of White Collar Crimes

Introduction White-collar crimes are difficult to identify as they easy to commit. The discovery mechanisms on which police and government traditionally rely seem unusually scarce for this huge new body of crimes. Moreover, though people have land through the ages to be suspicious of strangers...

• Cyber Crime
• White Collar Crime

How Media Influences Street Gang Reputation and How My Opinion About Them Has Changed

My worldview of a gang is set from what I have seen in movies. For example, the show Sons of Anarchy by Kurt Sutter is where all my ideas come from. Therefore when I think of the Crips my first thought is violence, drugs, rivalry,...

• Role of Media

Crime Prevention Conduct: Implementation of Strategies

Upon initial observation, the Lighthouse Parking Lot is what you would expect from your typical parking lot: open, some street lighting, and in close proximity to nearby attractions. The amount of theft crimes occur here may be due to the fact that it is a...

The Development of New Methods of Crime Prevention

Abstract Crime prevention is such a broad term. What is considered a crime? How is our law enforcement deterring crime? How can we work with our law enforcement to help prevent crime? There are many issues that are dealt with on a day to day...

The U.S. Supreme Court under Earl Warren (1953-1968) Revolutionized Criminal Procedure

Introduction Who sits at the nerve center of society makes all the difference and A great man is the one who represents a great ganglion in the nerves of that society, or, to vary the figure, a strategic point in the campaign of history and...

• Criminal Procedure

Types of Assault, Assault in Florida and Statistics

There are two kinds of assault: aggravated and simple. Aggravated assault is an unlawful assault on someone else to cause serious physical damage. It is normally called aggravated when it incorporates the utilization of a weapon or some different implies that could make passing or...

The Measuring of the Strain and Opportunity Theory

Introduction Numerous individuals have addressed or attempted to comprehend why individuals carry out crime. This essay will investigate on why this is done and how the opportunity theory and strain theory has influenced my community and I. According to the book written by Kendall, Sociology...

• Opportunity Cost

The Origins of the Concept of Punishment

The concept of punishment has been around for as long as humans have roamed the earth. In the renaissance era, those guilty of public intoxication would be put in the pillory and subjected to public humiliation and abuse. Before that, in ancient Greece, one could...

What Kind of Implications Particular Limitations of Human Memory Have on the use of Eyewitness Testimony in Court and Criminal Cases

Eyewitness testimony, which depends on the precision of human recollection, has an extensive influence on the end result of a trial. Apart from a smoking gun, nothing sustains as much value with a jury as the testimony of an existing witness. The recollection of witnesses...

The Contribution of Classical Criminology to Our Understanding of Crime and Deviance

This essay will provide a discussion on the contributions of classical criminology to help in giving an understanding on the different crimes in society. It will give a brief description on what the classical school of criminology is and the founders of the classical school...

• Jeremy Bentham

The Relation of Social Isolation to Crime Commiting

Human beings along with many other species are known to be included in a behavioral group referred to as “social creatures”. The marks of this group include family units, tribes, and friendly communication or interaction with other members- either within the same species or another...

• Social Isolation

Ways to Reduce the Crime Rate in Chicago

Purpose and statement of problem Chicago violent crimes is almost at 30-year low but even though its going down the rate of violence is still shocking to people. 433 people were murdered in Chicago in 2011. This rate was double-double-triple to cities such as New...

Society Creates Criminals: The Broken Windows and Other Theories That Explain Crimes

The nature vs nurture argument is one of the biggest theories as to why people commit a crime. The nature argument is that criminals are born and biological explanations tell us that criminal activity is a form of illness and it’s the idea that criminals...

• Broken Windows Theory
• Gender Differences

Famous Thieves Who Were Successful at Stealing

From Sunday school to police lessons, there have been countless lessons and warnings reinforcing the notion that stealing is bad, but not everyone has taken to those lessons. Some of breaking the rule for a short burst of adrenaline, some have made a career out...

Fiber Examination In Forensic Science

INTRODUCTION TO FIBER Fibers are long chains of molecule which are blended closely to form a string like structure and possess high tensile strength and high modulus. These characteristics can be attributed to the strong intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding. These strong forces also lead...

• Forensic Science

Recovery Of Dusty Shoe Prints From Human Skin: A Literature Review

Recovery of dusty shoe impressions from the skin is a fairly unchartered territory of research, and thus, there is a limited number of articles related to this subject. This therefore creates quite a huge gap in this field of knowledge, and makes any comparison between...

The Comparison of Classicism and Positivism in Defining Criminality

Classicism and Positivism are the two of the main theories of Criminology. This paper gives a comparative analysis of these two theories of Criminology. The comparative analysis is based on Jock Young’s article, “Thinking seriously About Crime: Some Models of Criminology”. The Young’s article gives...

• Criminology Theories

The Expansion of the Latent Trait Theory in Criminology

The Theory on Family Influences with Crime Based on the Latent Trait Theory Throughout the lifetime of an individual, there are several factors and/or life situations such as family influence that may trigger a life of crime. This idea stems from the idea of Latent...

The Primary in Radical Criminilogy: A Look at the Marxist Approach

Radical Criminology After reading The Primary in Radical Criminology, I was surprised to know how the social structure of our country affects our citizens. For many years, people had tried to explain how and why people become criminals. Many other theories used religious or environmental...

• Social Stratification

Effects of Cyberbullying

According to the National Center for Education Statistics and Bureau of Justice Statisticsin the year 2010-2011 about 9% among the students that are in the 6–12 grades have at one time had an experience of cyberbullying. In the year 2013, according to Youth Risk Behavior...

• Child Welfare
• Cyber Bullying

Classical Criminology And Johnson City Murder

Introduction The following paper observed classical criminology while including rational choice theory relation to crime. The crime observed and discussed was the murder of one DeShaun Greer. The works of Beccaria and his theory of Classical criminology can be applied and related to the 2013...

Impact Of Surroundings Of An Individual's Everyday Life On Illegal Activity

Criminology takes many variables into an account to solve why one commits a crime to better society. Some individuals take wrong paths in their lives and don’t know anything better than crime. For those, it is a tough task to prosper in a healthy manner...

• Organized Crime

Investigation Review Of The Farquharson Case

The Farquharson case encompassed a significant volume of media and public attention, due to the nature of the crime – that being a filicide type of homicide. A filicide homicide defines as the deliberate criminal act of a child’s death that is caused by a...

• Criminal Investigation

My Desire To Deepen My Knowledge In Criminology And Sociology

What drives criminals to do what they do? Do environmental factors have a big impact? And are the police good enough at reporting it clearly for the rest of society to understand criminals and crime in their own communities fully? These questions are the reason...

My Enthusiasm For The Study Of Crime

People’s behavior is fascinating. Why do some conform to societies rules and others break them? Over recent years, crime has escalated and mounded to modern society with the rise in cyber-crime and terrorism. With crime being more chaotic, we need to understand why people commit...

The Spreading Of Cyber Criminology Around The World

There has been an increase in cybercrimes, one of the main ones is that there has been a dramatic increase in the amount of people that are involved and use the Internet. Once one understands that the Internet cannot filter people according to their utilitarianism....

• Modern Technology

The Use Of Fingerprint Forensics In Criminology

Forensic science is a great help and companion with criminology. The many branches of forensic science can all give their insights and a new perspective on a case which will ultimately help in serving justice and revealing the truth. In many instances, new forensic evidence...

The Reasons I Deserve An Opportunity To Study Law And Criminology

The root cause of my ambition to study Law and Criminology is based around my family background. Both my parents were police officers and my brothers studied criminology and worked within a court. I believe that the work my family members endured sparked my initial...

• Personal Experience

Best topics on Criminology

1. The Polygraph for Modern-Day Police Work

2. Recidivism Rates And Overcrowding In Prisons

3. Adnan Syed Is Innocent Until Proven Guilty

4. The Wrongness Of The Statement Poverty Is A State Of Mind

5. Reliability And Implications Of Neuroscientific Findings In Legal Contexts

6. Possible Robbery Prevention Measures in Twin-Cities

7. Identification and Means of Prevention of White Collar Crimes

8. How Media Influences Street Gang Reputation and How My Opinion About Them Has Changed

9. Crime Prevention Conduct: Implementation of Strategies

10. The Development of New Methods of Crime Prevention

11. The U.S. Supreme Court under Earl Warren (1953-1968) Revolutionized Criminal Procedure

12. Types of Assault, Assault in Florida and Statistics

13. The Measuring of the Strain and Opportunity Theory

14. The Origins of the Concept of Punishment

15. What Kind of Implications Particular Limitations of Human Memory Have on the use of Eyewitness Testimony in Court and Criminal Cases

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• Quantum Mechanics
• Animal Intelligence

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Criminology - Essay Samples And Topic Ideas For Free

Gender and crime.

Gender has been attributed as one of the key factors that act a significant role in the crime patterns and the criminal justice systems. For a very long time, it has become a fact that women and men differ in their rates of committing crimes as well as their victimization pattern experience. However, from this report, we find that the victimization risk of violence among the male adults almost equal to that of female adults. My perception, however, is different […]

What is Freedom of Speech

Freedom of speech is the right of ones' right to express and communicate their ideas, opinion, and beliefs. As a result, nobody should fear being reprimanded, punished, or expurgated by society and perhaps the government at large. In most cases, it is done to attract mass attention from the community. It is entirely synonymous to seeking freedom of denied privileges such as an inappropriate distribution of public resources and side-lining of the minority among others. It is a universal right […]

Racial Bias and Racial Injustice

According to Alexander, In the New Jim Crow, mass incarceration is the new Jim Crow. Jim Crow Laws were created to criminalize black individuals and other non-white groups. They were created in the 1900s. During this time period, African Americans were criminalized if they did not accommodate White individuals. For example, if a black individual was in the way of a white individual on the street, that black individual would get punished. Jim Crow Laws are linked to the mass […]

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Children as Agents of Change for Disaster Risk Reduction

Lessons from El Salvador and the Philippines. This work challenges the traditional belief that children are just passive victims of calamities yet in real sense children suffer the most during this calamities. Some suffer traumas as a result of the events that carry on. Backed up by research carried out in the Philippines and El Salvador it elaborates on ways children can actively participate in disaster management in areas that are prone or have suffered natural calamities and pandemics in […]

The Making of Mass Incarceration in the African Commmunity

Freedom, equal opportunity, and safety. These are a handful of the things included in the all-American dream. This is the dream that Martin Luther King so eagerly sought out and generations later it’s still being denied in the African American community. The United States has been posing as if it’s the land of the free while forty percent of African Americans make up the prison population but only account for thirteen percent of the population (NAACP). The African American community […]

School Shootings in America

Why Do the Shooters Shoot? In this paper, I will select a crime to examine and analyze sociologically. I will also suggest a remedy for addressing this social problem at either a local or national level using sociological ideas and previous examples of intervention to justify my argument. One of the most disturbing and researched crimes in America is a mass shootings, particularly – school shootings. The endless reasons for these crimes have lawmakers and enforcement officials, throughout the country, […]

Capital Punishment is Morally Indefensible

The story of one of the most horrific hate crimes of our day came to an end this past Thursday. Or did it? Capital punishment also termed punishment by death was used on John William King by lethal injection for the murder of James Byrd Jr. The family however shared with CNN news reporters as they watched their brother’s murderer be executed, “they believe this was a just punishment, however, they felt nothing, there was no sense of relief."" Understandably […]

Evaluating the Effectiveness of US Hate Crime Laws

*Hate crime laws have been used since 1968. Hate Crimes seem to be a problem in today’s world. In 2017, according to the FBI, 49 percent of hate crimes are by African American Bias. Roughly 58 percent of religious hate crimes were against Jewish believers. For sexual orientation, roughly 58 percent of hate crimes are committed against gay males. Forty five percent of hates crime were committed based on intimation and 78 percent were directed at an individual only. (site) […]

Sex Trafficking Literature Review

In order to understand the race and gender of all men and women, Zinn and Dill maintain that multiracial feminism provides an analytical framework to explain cultural and group differences in society through their varying degrees of advantage and power (p. 324). These differences are produced through interaction within a stratified social order. As an extension of intersectionality, its scope is widened to focus on how gender is construed through race and culture. The social constructionist approach is pertinent in […]

Sex Trafficking: a Multi-Billion Dollar Business

The United States is dealing with a significant sex trafficking problem right before our eyes. Globally, the sex trafficking industry earns billions yearly, with individual "pimps" making hundreds of thousands of dollars. Because of their significant immigrant populations, California, Texas, and New York are among the top three states for sex trafficking. Salinas and nearby Monterey County are home to many foreign-born residents. Criminals in sex trafficking often visit these sites in search of fresh victims. Sex traffickers utilize a […]

Source of Information about Crime

Violent wrongdoings (otherwise called violations against people) rule the vast majority's contemplations of wrongdoing and wellbeing. Regardless of criminal justice experts explanations that an individual's probability of being victimized little depends on him avoiding certain places, for instance, street gangs and drug peddler spots (Koper, Taylor, & Woods, 2013). This accumulation characterizes brutal violations as murder, persuasive assault, burglary, and irritated assault. Property violations are wrongdoings that are arranged as offenses against property. This incorporates robbery, theft, thievery, pyromania, misappropriation, […]

Alcohol Abuse is a Problem : Rural Term Paper

Alcohol abuse is a problem that is very consistent among individuals who are usually charged or convicted by the criminal justice system for violating the laws, yet there have been limited efforts to survey the effectiveness of diversionary programs for offenders whose crime is related to alcohol use. The criminal justice system has seen an increase in the rates of alcohol-related offenses particularly with the current trends in alcohol use among college students (Dale, 2007). This policy paper will review […]

Preventing Violence against Women

With increasing significance, the world continues to meet issues involving domestic and sexual violence against women. As a country in a continental hotspot for violence against women, Peru is extremely familiar with conflicts involving sexual abuse. According to Freedom House, “spousal abuse is perhaps the greatest problem facing women in Peru today, although recently the government has taken some steps to address the issue” (1). One circumstance that increases the risk of women experiencing sexual violence in Latin America is […]

Criminal Profiling

The crime I chose was robbery, and those aged 18 to 24 are most likely to commit this crime. I feel this age range is very accurate, especially in today's society, as the crimes being committed are often by offenders within these age groups. Robbery is more likely to be committed by males than females. In my opinion, males aren’t as disciplined as females, which I believe makes them more at risk for committing crimes. Factors stimulating this type of […]

Crime Cases in Canada

Generally, crime cases are on the rise in Canada despite repeated confirmations from the leadership of the nation that they are on top of the matter. While in most cases these crimes involve robbery with violence, murder, attempted suicide and theft, the mainstream media has never published a paper without either of such crimes. However, as usual police rushes to the scene of the crime collects evidences but with very minimal arrests made for the culprits for most of the […]

Rape Culture and Hate Crime

Imagine that you have just come home from a stressful day at work. Your routine, after getting home, typically goes as follows: you take off your shoes at the door, you hang your jacket on the coat rack, and you place your keys and phone on the cabinet and proceed to go into your room to prepare to go to sleep. This day was just like any other day. You arrive at home and began your normal routine but as […]

Gendered Justice: Women in the Criminal Justice System

When considering the prison industrial complex, most people do not consider the impact that feminism has on fixing the issues within it. Intersectionality is an important factor in all social issues. Intersectionality is defined as “the interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender as they apply to a given individual group, regarded as creating overlapping and independent systems of discrimination or disadvantage” (Merriam-Webster). Intersectional feminism is simply put, the combination of the former term and feminism […]

Less Guilty by Reason of Adolescence

Britney, I too found that one of the main arguments discussed in Less Guilty by Reason of Adolescence was that there should be a separate legal system for adolescents. This legal system would give adolescences reduced sentences, taking into account an adolescent’s impaired decision-making capacity, the circumstances surrounding the crime, the adolescent’s character (the circumstances that may result in a reduced sentence for an adult), as well as developmental immaturity (MacArthur Foundation). “ According to the University of Rochester Medical […]

Essay about Juvenile Justice

By far the most common form of direct racial bias that Tim will come into contact with, is racial profiling, whereby authorities use stereotypes about a person’s race to single them out for greater scrutiny. Given that Tim’s neighborhood shows clear signs of social disorganization, it can be inferred that there are likely more police patrols in his city, due to the high crime rate. Jones-Brown, Stoudt, Johnston, & Moran (2013) identify “stop, question, and frisk” encounters that Tim is […]

Racist Hate Crimes: Cause and Effect

The general definition of Hate Crimes is a “criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity.” The first question we asked ourselves was why and where are these hate crimes happening? These racial crimes mostly happen in the south which creates the stereotype of the racist south. One historical event that probably changed the views of the south was […]

Professional and Public Service

In the recent past, there has been poor academic performance among students in the upper classes in the school. As a professional teacher I got concerned to know the reasons for the poor performance in the upper classes in most high schools in the city. I conducted a research and realized that among the poor performers had very good academic qualifications when joining the higher institutions and the better part of their lower level classes. I tried to approach several […]

Routine Traffic Stop

Recently in America what starts as a routine traffic stop can turn deadly for mainly minority individuals. Perkins (2000) illustrates that the natural mistrust our community has developed for law enforcement is rooted in our knowing that racial stereotypes-factors promoting perceptions that Blacks and Hispanics are violent criminal offenders are institutional and manipulated for political gain. Police officers use their authoritative stance more forcibly upon people of color rather than people of non-color. The amount of individuals that have already […]

Hate Crimes in America

Abstract Hate crimes in America have been around for centuries. Ever since the 1970’s the concept of hate crimes has made laws be passed in numerous state mandating penalties for malicious crimes motivated by bias or bigotry against a particular group. Hate Crimes in America A hate crime is a crime directed at an individual or group of individuals due to their sexuality, age, race, or religion. Hate crimes are caused by the feeling of being threatened by a certain […]

Rosa Cabrera : Biography

On July 17, 2018, Mrs. Rosa Cabrera, who was born in Cuba and is a legal citizen of the United States, was alerted by a neighbor that the hair salon she owned for more than 20 years, had been vandalized and marked with four anti-Mexican graffiti on the walls of her premises. The graffiti was spray painted "GO BACK MEXICO AND TAKE DRUG CARTEL MURDER CULTURE WITH YOU." Mrs. Cabrera said in the interview made on the Greenville regional channel […]

Train Transport Security

Train Transport SecurityNameInstitutionDateSecurity is very important in every place, the safety of commuters especially those taking train services has been the point of concern to the relevant security systems. Train transport is one of the most used transport services in the world for both passenger and cargo rail system. Due to the population handled at the stations, many criminal or unwarranted activities can take place unnoticed (Chollet, 2009). This can be witnessed at odd times like the evenings and during […]

Hate Crime and the Legal Process: Options for Law Reform

Hate crime legislation are the only thing that helps the people of the a United States from seeking out to do these tremendous acts of violence. Hate crimes do effect almost everyone in a society/community. Hate crime legislations were brought to attention around the year 1970 and is part of the civil right act to which made it illegal to treat someone by force,injure,intimidate, or to interfere with someone's religion or gender etc. Section Two: Claims Supporting hate crime legislations […]

The Hate Crimes Reporting Gap

The article “The Dark Figure of Hate Crime Underreporting” by Frank S. Pezzella, Mathew D. Fetzer, and Tyler Keller presented two hypotheses to explain hate crime underreporting. (1) bias crime victims, relative to non bias crime victims, are less likely to report their victimization to police; (2) misperceptions of police legitimacy by groups with strained relations with police who are also at risk for hate victimization explain declinations to report(Pezzella, Fetzer, & Keller, 2019). Results from the study conducted indicated […]

Osama Bin Laden’s Death

In every article the message is derived from the language used, context of the paper and the opinion that the writer forwards in an article. The story on Osama Bin Laden was written in different contexts and depending on one's opinion over the whole issue, there were different headlines and story lines that were developed. This paper assesses two articles one if from Islamabad Pakistan and has a heading of Closure At Last and the other from Canada titled The […]

General Strain Theory: Sexual Minority Group Illicit Drug Use

Introduction The topic of my paper will be about illegal substance use among sexual minority adults and adolescents (also known as the Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender LGBT populations) and how it is explained by the General Strain Theory GST using internal and external risk factors. My paper will explore this particular deviant behavior using a GST lens in order to provide a criminological perspective on why sexual minority adolescents and adults might be placed at greater risk than others to […]

Psychology in Modern Hostage Negotiation

The position of this paper is that psychologists have a role of mental health consultation and bigger consultation role at the situation of the hostage. Over the past few decades, there has been a record of increased hostage incidents involving perpetrators with a variety of motives which include economic and political. According to this paper, psychological knowledge has proven to be of great value considering the way one is supposed to deal with the subject of hostage negotiations. This article […]

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• Specific Examples/Applications of APA Style, 7th edition

Sample APA-Style Papers (7th edition)

The following links provide samples of student-paper formatting in APA's 7th edition style.  The first is from APA's web site; the second is from Purdue OWL's web site.

• Sample APA Student Paper This document from the APA web site illustrates the 7th edition formatting of a student paper. This format is a simplified version of the professional paper format (excluding things like running heads, etc.).
• Purdue OWL Sample Student Paper This sample student paper in APA 7th edition comes from PurdueOWL. It can be used to supplement the example from the APA web site, or stand on its own.

The following links provide samples of professional-paper formatting in APA's 7th edition style.  The first is from APA's web site; the second is from Purdue OWL's web site.  The formatting of these professional papers is a bit more involved than that of the student sample papers.

• Sample APA Professional Paper This sample professional paper from the APA web site illustrates the 7th edition formatting for a paper submitted for publication to a professional journal.
• Purdue OWL Sample Professional Paper This sample paper from Purdue OWL illustrates in 7th edition formatting a professional paper. It can be used to supplement the APA sample paper or it can stand alone.

Quotations and Paraphrases in APA Style (7th edition)

• Quotations (APA 7th Edition) This link takes you to a page on the official APAstyle.org web site with information that includes how to cite both direct and indirect quotations (short and long), how to cite material for direct quotations that do not contain page numbers, and more.
• Quotations--PurdueOWL (APA 7th edition) On this "Basics: In-Text Citations" page from PurdueOWL, scroll down to see explanations and example for quotations both short (under 40 words) and long (40+ words). In addition, it gives guidance about paraphrases/summaries and how to use in-text citations to document their original source(s).

Formatting an Annotated Bibliography in APA Style (7th edition)

• Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL): Annotated Bibliographies This helpful page from PurdueOWL explains the purpose of annotated bibliographies, what they often contain, and why they're helpful.
• Guidelines for Formatting Annotated Bibliographies (APA, 7th ed.) This document provides guidance for formatting annotated bibliographies, including a sample annotated bib.

Formatting a Literature Review in APA Style (7th edition)

While APA doesn't itself provide an example of how to format a literature review, it does provide some guidance in its Publication Manual * about the content of a lit review:

Literature Reviews:

• provide summaries and evaluations of findings/theories in the research literature of a particular discipline or field;
• may include qualitative, quantitative, or a variety of other types of research;
• should define and clarify the problem being reviewed;
• summarize previous research to inform readers of where research stands currently in regard to the problem;
• identify relationships, contradictions, gaps, and inconsistencies in the current literature;
• suggest next steps or further research needed to move toward solving the problem.  (APA, 2020, Section 1.6, p. 8)

* American Psychological Association. (2020).  Publication manual of the American Psychological Association: The official guide to APA style (7th ed.). American Psychological Association.

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Criminology in Brief: Understanding Crime Essay

Causes for the crime, the criminal justice system.

In 2013, an eighteen-year-old teenager, who was found guilty of raping a sixteen-year-old girl denied the crime. The girl woke up to find the boy raping her. The girl asserted that she was asleep and, therefore, did not consent to any act. The girl had adequate evidence that the boy had raped her. However, the boy emphasized that he had done nothing. The fact that the sexual crime was committed while the boy was sleepwalking, may suggest that the act has an association with sexsomnia (Eck and Weisburd, 1995).

By raping the girl and claiming later that he had sexsomnia and was sleepwalking, this might be some form of self-actualisation. Through the rape, the boy might have been in a process of self- fulfilment. This means that the boy is a potential rapist and is, therefore, being actualised into what his potential being is. It is worth pointing out that the desire for creative fulfilment is usually greater than major basic needs. To prove his innocence and maintain his integrity and self-esteem, the boy blames sleep and sexomnia.

According to Abraham Maslow (Winfree & Abadinsky, 1996), several needs should be met for an individual to be satisfied (Winfree & Abadinsky, 1996). People have motivations within them, which make them aggressive in meeting their needs (Cressey and Ward, 1969). The hierarchy of needs is presented in a pyramid. On fulfilling some needs, people graduate to other needs, such as security and safety. The desire to have sex is one of the needs discussed by Maslow. Every individual needs to feel loved, intimate with other people, and maintain friendships with peers (Barlow, 1995). Needs motivate various actions; the boy needed to involve himself sexually with the girl. Consequently, he ended up raping her.

According to Attachment Theory, the majority of sex offenders have insecure attachments during childhood. In this case, the boy might have had an insecure childhood and, therefore, engaged in the act for self-interest (Winfree and Abadinsky, 1996). By engaging in rape, the boy was seeking some attachment and appreciation. Individuals who lack attachment during their childhood may use forceful means to acquire it in adulthood.

Criminal justice experts should first assess the boy’s level of attachment during his childhood, before passing judgement. There are several theories, which elaborate on why people engage in crime. Some social and environmental factors result in criminal behaviour. According to classical theory, every individual has free will and can engage in rational choice. However, some people are driven by social and psychological forces, even when they know the impacts of their acts. It is worth noting that criminals can make rational decisions. However, they engage in crime where they know there are no effective deterrence and punishment systems.

The criminal justice system should assess why the factors that contributed to the rape crime. There is a need to understand that environmental and genetic factors may result in a crime. Knowing these factors is useful in determining the individual’s rationality, and formulating effective disciplinary measures. In addition, they should offer advice to the guardians on how to help the boy. According to Agnew (2006), the recommended strategies for helping the boy include empathy training, cognitive distortions, autobiography, arousal control, and offence pathway.

Various factors lead to criminal acts. Human beings have various levels of needs. Lack of adequate attachment during childhood may make an individual a criminal. The criminal justice system should assess an individual’s background before passing judgement.

Agnew, R 2006, Pressured into crime: An overview of general strain theory , Oxford University Press, USA.

Barlow, HD 1995, Crime and public policy: Putting theory to work , Westview Press, New York.

Cressey, DR & Ward, DA 1969, Delinquency, crime, and social process , Harper & Row, New York.

Eck, JE & Weisburd, D 1995, “Crime places in crime theory”, Crime and place, crime prevention studies , vol. 4, pp. 1-33.

Winfree, LT & Abadinsky, H 1996, Understanding crime: Theory and practice , Nelson-Hall Publishers, New York.

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IvyPanda. (2022, April 6). Criminology in Brief: Understanding Crime. https://ivypanda.com/essays/criminology-in-brief-understanding-crime/

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IvyPanda . "Criminology in Brief: Understanding Crime." April 6, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/criminology-in-brief-understanding-crime/.

• Aileen Wuornos: The Serial Killer
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What is a Literature Review?

The scholarly conversation.

A literature review provides an overview of previous research on a topic that critically evaluates, classifies, and compares what has already been published on a particular topic. It allows the author to synthesize and place into context the research and scholarly literature relevant to the topic. It helps map the different approaches to a given question and reveals patterns. It forms the foundation for the author’s subsequent research and justifies the significance of the new investigation.

A literature review can be a short introductory section of a research article or a report or policy paper that focuses on recent research. Or, in the case of dissertations, theses, and review articles, it can be an extensive review of all relevant research.

• The format is usually a bibliographic essay; sources are briefly cited within the body of the essay, with full bibliographic citations at the end.
• The introduction should define the topic and set the context for the literature review. It will include the author's perspective or point of view on the topic, how they have defined the scope of the topic (including what's not included), and how the review will be organized. It can point out overall trends, conflicts in methodology or conclusions, and gaps in the research.
• In the body of the review, the author should organize the research into major topics and subtopics. These groupings may be by subject, (e.g., globalization of clothing manufacturing), type of research (e.g., case studies), methodology (e.g., qualitative), genre, chronology, or other common characteristics. Within these groups, the author can then discuss the merits of each article and analyze and compare the importance of each article to similar ones.
• The conclusion will summarize the main findings, make clear how this review of the literature supports (or not) the research to follow, and may point the direction for further research.
• The list of references will include full citations for all of the items mentioned in the literature review.

Key Questions for a Literature Review

A literature review should try to answer questions such as

• Who are the key researchers on this topic?
• What has been the focus of the research efforts so far and what is the current status?
• How have certain studies built on prior studies? Where are the connections? Are there new interpretations of the research?
• Have there been any controversies or debate about the research? Is there consensus? Are there any contradictions?
• Which areas have been identified as needing further research? Have any pathways been suggested?
• How will your topic uniquely contribute to this body of knowledge?
• Which methodologies have researchers used and which appear to be the most productive?
• What sources of information or data were identified that might be useful to you?
• How does your particular topic fit into the larger context of what has already been done?
• How has the research that has already been done help frame your current investigation ?

Examples of Literature Reviews

Example of a literature review at the beginning of an article: Forbes, C. C., Blanchard, C. M., Mummery, W. K., & Courneya, K. S. (2015, March). Prevalence and correlates of strength exercise among breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors . Oncology Nursing Forum, 42(2), 118+. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.sonoma.idm.oclc.org/ps/i.do?p=HRCA&sw=w&u=sonomacsu&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA422059606&asid=27e45873fddc413ac1bebbc129f7649c Example of a comprehensive review of the literature: Wilson, J. L. (2016). An exploration of bullying behaviours in nursing: a review of the literature.   British Journal Of Nursing ,  25 (6), 303-306. For additional examples, see:

Galvan, J., Galvan, M., & ProQuest. (2017). Writing literature reviews: A guide for students of the social and behavioral sciences (Seventh ed.). [Electronic book]

Pan, M., & Lopez, M. (2008). Preparing literature reviews: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (3rd ed.). Glendale, CA: Pyrczak Pub. [ Q180.55.E9 P36 2008]

Useful Links

• Write a Literature Review (UCSC)
• Literature Reviews (Purdue)
• Literature Reviews: overview (UNC)
• Review of Literature (UW-Madison)

Evidence Matrix for Literature Reviews

The  Evidence Matrix  can help you  organize your research  before writing your lit review.  Use it to  identify patterns  and commonalities in the articles you have found--similar methodologies ?  common  theoretical frameworks ? It helps you make sure that all your major concepts covered. It also helps you see how your research fits into the context  of the overall topic.

• Evidence Matrix Special thanks to Dr. Cindy Stearns, SSU Sociology Dept, for permission to use this Matrix as an example.
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FOR STUDENTS : ALL THE INGREDIENTS OF A GOOD ESSAY

• Criminology essays

Our free criminology essays cover many topics including crime and criminal justice, criminals and victims, criminological problems and theories, victimisation, responses to crime and deviance, policy questions both nationally and internationally, and much more. Use them to inspire your own research and writing in this fascinating field of study.

Theories of crime: Bowlby, Erikson, Eysenck

John Bowlby’s attachment theory, otherwise known as ‘maternal deprivation’ is a well-known psychological theory of delinquency. Attachment theory originated from John Bowlby (1940) in his study of the effects of maternal deprivation on personality development. Bowlby developed attachment theory from his observations of children’s response to the breaking of bonds with their primary care giver. … Read more

Evaluating the ACE tool as a method of assessment (case study)

Within the United Kingdom initially work with offenders took the form of social casework with the focus on the relationship and the overarching aim of rehabilitation (Fitzgibbon 2007). However the 1907 Probation of Offenders Act enshrined in legislation the function of a Probation Officer to ‘advise assist and befriend’ (Canton 2011:5). This is incorporated into … Read more

Terrorism – definition, evolution & root causes

Defining Terrorism The term terrorism is mired in a definitional quagmire. Although several definitions have been postulated by experts, policy makers and security agencies; no consensus has been reached. This lack of definition has rendered the term an “opportunistic appropriation” (Saul, 2008, P. 3); and an “essentially contested concept” – “concepts the proper use of … Read more

Cyberstalking

Cyberstalking is an extension of traditional stalking as the offender uses a high-tech modus operandi to commit the crime (Petherick, 2007). It is defined as, “the repeated pursuit of an individual using internet-capable or electronic devices” (Reyns et al., 2012, p.1). And, repeated pursuits include any unwanted electronic communications that may be intimidating, coercive or … Read more

Stricter gun control laws need to be enforced

In the span of a little more than 6 minutes, 17 lives vanished and another 14 lives were harmed by one gunman with an AR-15 rifle. This was the reality for the students and faculty members at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School on February 14, 2018. It was Valentine’s Day, the day of love and … Read more

Effects the murder of Stephen Lawrence on policing procedures

This essay will analyse the effects the murder of Stephen Lawrence, which lead to the Macpherson report had on changes in police procedures and policy; especially concerning ethnic communities. The report itself includes seventy proposals of recommendation to tackle racism in the police force; with the race relations legislation being an important policy to improving … Read more

The evolution of the juvenile justice system

The juvenile justice system has made many changes since it was first developed in 1899. Courts put much more emphasis on the rehabilitation and intervention aspect than today where all we try to do is punish and hold someone accountable. There was also much more anonymity to prevent children from being seen as criminals that … Read more

America’s Racial Caste and the Policing of Racial Order

Introduction: A racial caste is a group that is locked into an inferior position. Once placed into the racial caste you are deemed as a permanent second-class citizen. Our system perpetuates a racist divide in our country by creating (and re-creating) systematic ways to maintain white supremacy and black subordination. The United States, successfully, has … Read more

Is it more effective to punish prisoners or rehabilitate them?

This essay considers whether it is more effective to punish prisoners or rehabilitate them to reduce crime and re-offending.

Death penalty perspectives – deterrence and morality

The death penalty is a very controversial issue in the United States because there are multiple perspectives to look at it through and through the end it’s either you’re for or against the death penalty. While there are many supporters of it, there is also a large amount of opposition. Currently, there are thirty-three states … Read more

To what extent does reductivism play a role in current sentencing policy?

The idea of reductivism is, ‘the idea that punishment can be justified by its ability to prevent crime from happening again in the future.’ Therefore the justification theories of punishment instructs the understanding that this theory rationales and justifies the nature of punishment based on the efficiency, or the fairness of the punishment which conforms … Read more

What is crime?

When focusing on what crime is, it is regarded ‘’as an act that breaks the law’’. As criminologists, we focus on why certain actions committed by individuals result in them being criminalised. Tappan’s definition of crime is ‘‘an intentional act in violation of the criminal law committed without defense of excuse and penalized by the … Read more

The terror of doxing in an era of social media

Intelligence gathering has been in existence in society since throughout human history. Human beings are known to hide or conceal personal information away from unwanted access. However, the concealed personal information has always been revealed especially to the government and some private firms. The revealed information gathered is usually used by states and private firms … Read more

The normal criminal justice system should be used for countering terrorism

In 2000, The Terrorism Act was introduced to remedy problems of increased terrorism. In this Act “terrorism” means the use or threat of action where– (a) the action falls within subsection (2)….. (5) In this Act a reference to action taken for the purposes of terrorism includes a reference to action taken for the benefit … Read more

Anarchist principles evident in criminological theories

The word anarchy comes from the Greek αναρχία (anarchíā), meaning “without ruler.” It calls for a society without a ruler rather than without order. Anarchy often exists where there is no central authority that has the ability to rule over the people. An anarchist is often a person who wants no central authority to control … Read more

How to write a criminology essay

Criminology essays address various factors associated with crime i.e. its nature, victim, range of theories and other social theories in order to arrive at a conclusion that answers the question.

The below sections give you fundamental guidelines on how to write a criminology essay.

Before writing the criminology essay, it is advised to divide the work into following steps:

Step 1: Preparation

Prior to writing, it is necessary to understand the question by asking ourselves about the requirement. Recollect whatever information you know about the question and indentify relevant sources from where you can get additional information that can address the question appropriately. Criminological essays are more often related to types of crime or associated theories. So it is necessary to understand the question beforehand, consider the various parts of the questions and try to explain the inter-relationships among them. Compare the objects in questions, present an argument and make critical observations on how a particular question needs to be answered. For example, if the question is to analyse various criminological theories in respect to a particular crime, you are being asked to present an argument on available theories and find correlation to the crime in question. There are valuable resources on key essay terms published by the University of Manchester and it may be a useful resource before beginning the essay.

Step 2: Research

Analyzing the question is an important activity before beginning to write the essay. Once you have detailed analysis of the questions, you are aware of the terms that need to be researched, what sort of information will be required and what method should be used to collect the information which can form the basis of answering the question. Gathering information becomes easier when you know the exact term that needs to be researched. For instance, in the above example, various criminological theories need to be analysed in particular. ‘Criminological theories’ needs to be researched from various sources which brings us plenty of information. Well, sources for criminology research are numerous for e.g. ISI web of knowledge, BUBL link catalogue, Criminology research council, Institute of Criminology and many other agencies. Nevertheless, the internet provides links to websites where papers on criminology are published and are available for free as well as on subscription.

Step 3: Planning – Writing and Formatting

After thorough research is done on the topic and necessary information collected, the next step is to design a structure in such a way that the gathered information is grouped under various themes and organise the themes into a meaningful order. The information should be organised under different sub-heads so that it’s easy to use the information without confusion. Such arrangement will help you in deciding what you are going to say in the essay. This will form the introduction and will lay the basis for argument in the coming sections. The Introduction should demonstrate the understanding and importance of the research question and how the writer is going to present the answer. The next thing is to ‘say whatever you want to say’ about the topic in question and present a valid argument through critical analysis. Then note down every point from the resources, and whatever you intend to say in the introduction and body, which will finally conclude the answer providing befitting response to the question.

Formatting in essay writing is of paramount importance. There are certain institutions, universities and other agencies that set guidelines regarding margin, font size, style and the way of presentation. Nevertheless, it is necessary to ensure that essay is formatted using classic fonts like Times New Roman or Arial, sized at 10 or 12 with line spacing of 1.5 or double and that the margins are 1″ on all sides of the A4 paper.

Knowing  how to write a criminology essay  is not only about writing the actual essay. It is also about the content you use, and your use of spelling and grammar. Once you feel that paper has been completed, read through the paper so as to ensure that any missing content or unnecessary statements are deleted or added and to rectify spelling and grammatical errors.

Step 4: Plagiarism

Because you have to refer to various sources that include books, websites, articles, periodicals, etc, it is inevitable that we are going to use the information collected from these sources. It is necessary to acknowledge the rightful author whose information has been used through appropriate citation and referencing. This is necessary to avoid plagiarism which is a serious offence and continuous instances of plagiarism will result in failure and dismissal. Using a free tool such as https://www.plagiarismchecker.net can be helpful to ensure you haven’t accidentally plagiarised.

Step 5: Referencing

There are guidelines that have been set by institutions like Modern Language Associations (MLA), American Psychological Associations (APA), Harvard, etc. which determine the style of in-text citations and referencing. Therefore, be sure to cite the sources and provide the full list of sources used in the referencing section. In text citation can be as follows:

Labeling theory is discussed by (Author, date)…

Similarly, this statement can be presented as: Author (date) mentioned labeling theory as…

For instance, if direct quotations are used in the text, it can be presented as:

“ Labeling theory is the work of… ” (Author, Date, Page Nos).

All the sources mentioned in the text are required to be presented in the reference list on the final page like:

Last Name, Initial (year) Title of the Book, Ed. Place: Publisher’s Name

For Chapter in a book:

Last Name, Initial (Year) Title of the Chapter, In Initial (Ed) . Title of the Book, Place: Publisher’s Name

Journal Article:

Last Name, Initial (Year) Title of the Article Journal Title, Volume No., Page No.

We hope you liked reading our free ‘how to write a criminology essay’ guide.

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Home — Essay Samples — Law, Crime & Punishment — Criminology — Why I Want to Study Criminology: My Dream Job

Why I Want to Study Criminology: My Dream Job

• Categories: Criminology

About this sample

Words: 659 |

Published: Aug 30, 2022

Words: 659 | Page: 1 | 4 min read

Works Cited:

• Brim, O. G., Ryff, C. D., & Kessler, R. C. (Eds.). (2004). How healthy are we?: A national study of well-being at midlife. University of Chicago Press.
• Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House.
• Eisenberg, E. M. (2010). Communication power. Oxford University Press.
• Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. Bantam.
• Neff, K. D., & Germer, C. K. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self‐compassion program. Journal of clinical psychology, 69(1), 28-44.
• Pink, D. H. (2011). Drive: The surprising truth about what motivates us. Penguin.
• Reivich, K. J., & Shatte, A. J. (2002). The resilience factor: 7 keys to finding your inner strength and overcoming life's hurdles. Broadway Books.
• Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Simon and Schuster.
• Snyder, C. R. (Ed.). (2002). Handbook of positive psychology. Oxford University Press.
• Wood, J. V. (2008). Positive psychology and change: How leadership, climate, and strategy influence happiness. Routledge.

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Home / Essay Samples / Life / Personal Goals / My Interests And Goals: Reflection Essay About Criminology

My Interests And Goals: Reflection Essay About Criminology

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• Topic: Criminology , Personal Goals

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