anu phd science

Mathematical Sciences Institute ANU College of Science

• Doctor of Philosophy

Why do a PhD in Mathematical Sciences?

PhD graduates in the Mathematical Sciences are valued by a range of employers for their demonstrated creativity, innovation, independence, research and problem-solving abilities, and organisational skills. A PhD in Mathematical Sciences can lead to a whole new world of opportunities. For example, you may:

• become an educator or science communicator
• become a researcher in a university, industry or government research organisation
• work in areas requiring quantitative skills such as finance or computation
• gain access to a wide range of careers, not just in academic research 

Why do a PhD in Mathematical Sciences at MSI?

ANU Mathematical Sciences Institute is internationally recognised for its vibrant and innovative research and teaching in the Mathematical Sciences. Details of recent achievements of staff at ANU can be found on the  MSI news page .

• #1 for Natural Sciences (QS 2022) in Australia
• 2 to 4 years full time
• World-class facilities
• #1 in Australia for graduate employability ( Times Higher Education )

Structure of a PhD

At ANU the examinable component of a PhD in Mathematical Sciences consists solely of research presented in the form of a substantial thesis, usually after three to four years for full-time students, or about double this for part-timer students. The length of a PhD course is nominally three years, and this is reflected in the timeframe of most PhD scholarships.

Each PhD student has a supervisory panel consisting of a primary supervisor and at least two other staff members. The role of the supervisor and panel is to help you find a suitable research project, direct you to relevant background mathematics, and provide a formal ‘sounding board’ for you while you pursue your research.

Students are required to submit annual reports of their progress to the University's central administration, and after 18 months each student must present a mid-term review. This normally takes the form of a seminar presentation of the research area, followed by a discussion with the supervisory panel. This a convenient time to meet with the entire panel and discuss the progress of your research project. Students must present a final seminar on their PhD research before submitting their thesis for examination.

Daily life as a PhD student

How you spend your time as a PhD student will change rather dramatically over the course of the three years. Initially you will probably identify the broad area of mathematics that you are interested in, and spend quite a while ‘getting up to speed’ with that subject by attending courses and reading textbooks and research papers. Guidance from your supervisor will help make this process as efficient as possible.

After 3-6 months you will begin to formulate a research project to pursue for the remainder of the course. It will likely take another few months of reading in more detail about the specific area of mathematics concerned before you are ready to embark on genuine research.

A large portion of study time is dedicated to researching your chosen problem. The intention is that you make a 'substantial and original contribution' to the subject. This sounds daunting at first, but in practice your supervisor and panel will help you find an area where this is a practical proposition.

During this time you will be free to attend any courses and seminars offered that interest you, and to generally pursue ideas which seem valuable. To help stay on track during this time, most students arrange a regular meeting with their primary supervisor. During these meetings progress can be discussed and any difficulties sorted out before they become too great.

In addition to your supervisor and panel, you will meet many members of staff with wide ranging expertise, and benefit from the MSI visitors program. This will allow you many opportunities to discuss mathematics with people from a variety of disciplines.

There is no formal teaching requirement for PhD candidates. However, it is often possible for students to obtain part-time work as tutors for Mathematical Sciences Institute undergraduate courses. This can provide valuable teaching experience, and provides extra money to ease the burden of living on a PhD scholarship. It also offers a welcome change of pace from life as a research student.

Sometime in the third year of your studies you will start writing up the results of your research into a thesis. This can be a lengthy process often taking up to six months. Once completed, the thesis is submitted and the process is in the hands of the examiners.

Research Topics

For an idea of the kind of research currently being pursued in MSI, and to find projects you may be interested in, please visit the  research groups page  and explore the links to the individual research groups.  

Your actual PhD project will be determined in consultation with your supervisor.

Fees & scholarships

Please visit the Programs and Courses website for information about fees.

Scholarships

Value: $34,000 per annum

Value: Full Tuition fees for up to 3.5 years

Domestic students enrolled in a postgraduate research program are awarded an Australian Government Research Training Program (AGRTP) Fee Offset Scholarship. View frequently asked questions here

How to apply

• International

Understand the how to apply steps

See here for information on  how to apply  or here for  application forms .

Need more information?

Send us an enquiry and we'll get back to you within 48 hours

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• PhD applications in Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences

Are you interested in pursuing a PhD in one of Australia’s premier Plant Science departments? Do you want to work in a world-class, culturally diverse, department alongside world-leading researchers and in a vibrant, liveable (non-congested) city? Then check out the Division of Plant Sciences at the ANU.

Our Science : We provide a broad range of outstanding research opportunities in plant biology at ANU and through collaborations with the broader Canberra scientific community (e.g. our CSIRO neighbours). The plant science community is highly interdisciplinary and contains many world leaders. Our research seeks to understand, across a range of scales, the fundamental biological processes that control plant growth, survival and reproduction, and to translate that knowledge in applied outcomes. The department has four interconnected areas of expertise; plant cell signaling and development; photosynthesis and energy; plant-microbe/pathogen interactions; ecophysiology and ecosystem function. Our science seeks to determine how plants function in managed and natural systems. Our expertise spans gene and protein regulation; signaling, metabolism and cell biology; organ, whole plant, forest and ecosystem biology and how to apply these discoveries in innovative Ag-biotech and environmental management applications.

Our staff , together with visiting global experts, provide students with opportunities to work in world renowned research teams and on cutting edge research projects that are directly or indirectly related to problems in Australian and global biotechnology, agriculture and natural ecosystems. Our PhD program enables students to establish contacts with researchers elsewhere in Australia, overseas and with industry – providing stimulating scientific opportunities within a leading research division. Annual graduate student events, conference travel awards, graduate training workshops and a seminar series enrich the student experience.

Our facilities: are modern and cutting edge . Plant sciences students enjoy the finest research facilities available in Australia. In addition to modern research laboratories, there are expansive state-of-the-art plant transformation, culture, and phenotyping facilities; extensive new glasshouse facilities; advanced microscopy, mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing facilities and an inhouse computing support unit.

Our values : We pride ourselves on providing high-quality supervision and research training to our students. Our PhD students go on to highly productive careers in academia, industry and other professional activities outside of science. We value diversity and inclusivity and have active policies to prevent discrimination. Our faculty and their research teams comprise a thriving community of people from all over the globe and from all walks of life.

Our Location: The ANU is a research-intensive university situated in Canberra, Australia’s capital city. Canberra is a well-resourced regional city (population ~460,000), set amongst beautiful mountains and eucalypt forests. Bike riding and hiking are everyday activities, and we are a two-hour drive away from both winter snowfields and beautiful coastal beaches. Canberra’s birdlife is stunning and its inner city kangaroo population expansive. Despite its regional setting, Canberra is a vibrant, multicultural city and home to many National attractions and centres. There are frequent cultural evenings, festivals, art exhibits, music events, and world-class restaurant and coffee scenes.

If you are interested in doing a PhD : then check out the Prospective supervisors and research area list below. Once you identify a topic of interest, email the lead researcher (prospective supervisor) to find out more detail on what projects are available. In your email attach a copy of your CV, a copy of you academic transcripts (a downloaded “non-official” version is sufficient at this point) and include in the email a few sentences on what your research interests are and what you like about the research area of the prospective supervisor. Once you have organised a project and supervisor you will work with them to write a 1-2 page research project outline that you will need to submit with your application (see below for details on how to apply online). If you are an international student and have the possibility of applying for PhD funding from your home country or other source please ensure you include this information in the initial email to your potential supervisor.

Am I eligible to apply for a PhD? : Entry into the PhD program is open to applicants with a Bachelor degree that have also completed (or are in the process of nearly completing) an Honours or Masters research (as opposed to coursework) degree. The degree must comprise at least a half year, full time research component and a thesis (8,000-10,000+ words). Applicants with significant years of research experience and publications may be deemed eligible if their achievements can be justified as completing a body of independent research equivalent to that of an Honours/Masters research graduate. Ensure you tick the scholarship box in your PhD application to automatically be considered for a stipend scholarship. Stipend scholarships are highly competitive, especially for international students. Only students awarded a 1 st class thesis (or with H1 equivalent research experience) will be considered for an ANU PhD stipend scholarship. An initial evaluation of how competitive you are for a stipend scholarship can be made by sending a copy of your CV and transcript to the Plant Science HDR convenor Professor Spencer Whitney .

How do I apply for a PhD?

The application form is here , along with general information on how to apply and the details about the Doctor of Philosophy program . Applications are due by 15 th April (midyear round for both international and domestic student applications), 31 st August ( international student application round) or 31 st October (domestic student application round). If you have any questions or problems with your application send an email here .

Prospective supervisors and research area

• Atkin Group - Plant respiration in a changing world
• Borevitz Group - Plant genomics for climate adaption
• Byrt Group – Engineering plant membrane proteins and solute transport to increase yield security
• Farquhar Group – Coordination of CO2 fixation and transpiration in plants
• Furbank Group – Improving photosynthesis and crop yield
• Masle Group – Environmental sensing, systematic signalling and development
• Mathesius Group - Root microbe interactions - symbionts to parasites
• Millar Group - Plant RNA biology
• Nicotra Group - Plant physiological ecology, plant evolutionary biology, reproductive ecology
• Pogson Group - Chloroplast to nuclear signalling: light, drought and carotenoids
• Rathjen Group - Plant immunity
• Schwessinger Group - Plants, fungi, evolution
• Solomon Group - Wheat biosecurity
• Whitney Group - Synthetic Photosynthesis - bioengineering enzymes to adjust carbon fixation
• Williams Group - Plant structural immunology

Fenner School of Environment & Society

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Make an original contribution to human knowledge, research and development with a postgraduate research degree.

Meet Science at ANU PhD candidate Donna Belder »

You can also reach us through this number: +61 2 6125 1634

The major component of a research program is a substantial written work known as a thesis, which investigates a particular subject or issue.

Our PhD and MPhil students undertake research projects on topics ranging from the survival of threatened bird communities in box-gum grassy woodlands to long-term management techniques to reduce elephant crop-raiding in Kenya.

ANU is ranked 1 st in Australia and in the top 20 worldwide for Geography, Agriculture and Forestry, and in the top 25 universities globally for Environmental Science (QS World Rankings by Subject 2018).

As a research student in the Fenner School, you will work with increased independence, under the guidance of a supervisory panel of academic staff.  

You’ll be welcomed into our diverse community of scholars, have the opportunity to interact with world leading researchers and gain access to specialised field studies equipment and survey/experimental design and analysis advice.

Choose your degree

The Fenner School of Environment and Society offers these graduate research degrees:

• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
• Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

Application process

Step 1 - assess your eligibility.

You need to have completed an undergraduate or master degree in a discipline relevant to your area of proposed research and meet the entry requirements for your chosen degree. All applicants must also meet the University's English language requirements for admission, noting that it is possible for you to apply without yet meeting English.

Step 2 - Find a supervisor

One of the most important steps in applying for a graduate research degree is identifying a potential academic supervisor.

Your application will only be accepted if there is an academic in the School who is willing to supervise your research project.

You can find an academic supervisor by searching the following databases:

• Fenner School Researchers
• ANU Researchers

Step 3 – Contact potential supervisor(s)

Once you have identified a potential academic supervisor whose research interests are close to your own, you then need to make contact with them.

We recommend you make contact with no more than two potential supervisors in the first instance and that you contact potential supervisors well in advance of making your application.

A potential supervisor will expect you to provide them with the following information:

• Your current curriculum vitae (CV)
• A two to four page research proposal, outlining your research objectives, your proposed theory and/or methodologies, some references to literature you have read, and why you think they are an appropriate supervisor for your research.

The academic staff member will let you know if they are interested in discussing your proposal further and developing it into a full application. Normally there are several email exchanges, or telephone discussions, with a potential supervisor before a final application is submitted.

If the person you contact is not interested in your research they may be able to suggest other potential supervisors and will often forward your details to colleagues who may be closer to your area of research.

Step 4 – Submit an application

Applications for ANU graduate research programs are submitted online via the ANU Application Manager .

To complete your application, you will need to include the Program Code for your chosen degree program:

Applications can be submitted at any time during the year, but if you want to be considered for a scholarship the closing dates are:

• 31 August for international students
• 31 October for domestic students

Scholarship recipients must commence by 31 March of the following year.

Search past ANU PhD theses

Past Fenner School PhD theses are available online via the ANU Open Access Theses collection, including:

• ‘Motivating change towards sustainability : a case for ecologically sustainable happiness’
• ‘Sustainability Bound? A study of interdisciplinarity and values in universities’
• ‘Valuing sustainable food and fibre : implications for integrated supply chain approaches to sustainability’
• ‘Sustainable energy for environment and development : the diffusion of renewable energy technologies to Pacific Island communities’

You can search the full ANU theses collection online via the Library Catalogue .

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Join our vibrant research community and learn from leading researchers.

At the ANU College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, you will join a dynamic and pioneering research environment where you can pursue your interests alongside some of the world’s brightest and most innovative researchers. You’ll get an opportunity to collaborate with an extensive network of academic, government, and industry partners in Australia and worldwide, and gain the skills to enable change in today’s complex world.

Research at the College affords opportunities to undertake study in several research areas – each offering dynamic and diverse research opportunities producing internationally significant outcomes. Research is conducted in our three Schools: the  School of Computing ,  School of Cybernetics , and  School of Engineering .

We offer two Higher Degree by Research (HDR) degrees:

• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
• Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

Both degrees are advanced research-focused degrees that produce high-quality original research under the supervision of world-class academics and vibrant intellectual leaders.

Come and join our research community!

Explore our Research Programs

Master of Philosophy

A 2-year program of research to produce a thesis.

Doctor of Philosophy

A 4-year program of research to produce a thesis that makes a significant contribution to the field.

More Information

Pre-application process

Formal Application

Scholarships

Additional Awards

ANU PhD Scholarship

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About this scholarship

This is a stipend scholarship offered by ANU Colleges to Higher Degree by Research candidates. It is normal for recipients to undertake study on a full-time basis, however, in accordance with strict criteria, the scholarship can be awarded for part-time study for Domestic candidates only. International scholars must undertake study on a full-time basis.

SCHOLARSHIP TYPE

Payments made fortnightly

Payments made for 3.5 years

Student types

Student levels

Selection bases

Ongoing eligibility

Extension duration

Field of study

Eligibility.

These scholarships are available to potential and current students who:

• are domestic or international students; and
• have applied for admission to a PhD or Professional Doctorate by Research program; and
• have a Bachelor degree with first-class honours (some Colleges may consider students with upper second-class honours), or a Master degree with a research component or equivalent from a recognised university.

Additional information

How to apply, reference documents, further information.

• Scholarship for 3.5 years
• Travel and removal allowances for students relocating to Canberra to commence their research program
• Thesis allowance
• Dependant Child allowance (International students only)
• Paid medical and parental leave

No application is required specifically for this scholarship as all eligible candidates will be considered. Applications must be complete at the time of submission, including all supporting documentation and referee reports, in order to be considered in the scholarship ranking process.

Application Deadline

In order to be considered for an ANU PhD scholarship, in the main round of scholarship offers, applicants are required to apply for admission by the deadlines below. Once you have applied for the program, all eligible applicants will be automatically considered for the ANU PhD scholarship

Deadlines for scholarship rounds

• ANU PhD Scholarship (1872023) (PDF, 223.4 KB)
• Previous ANU PhD Scholarhsip (7372018) (PDF, 397.27 KB)
• ANU PhD Scholarship conditions of award (International student) (PDF, 218.59 KB)
• ANU PhD Scholarship conditions of award (Domestic student) (PDF, 138.55 KB)
• ANU PhD Scholarship - Conditions of Award 2023 revisions (PDF, 188.69 KB)

Use contact details to request an alternative file format.

Applicants are also strongly encouraged to make contact with the relevant Graduate Studies Convener or a prospective supervisor, prior to lodging an application, to discuss the proposed research topic and related matters.

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• Programs and Courses

Doctor of Philosophy, ANU College of Engineering and Computer Science

A single four year research award offered by the ANU College of Engineering and Computer Science

• Length 4 year full-time
• Minimum 192 Units
• Academic plan 9070XPHD
• Post Nominal
• CRICOS code 048353A
• Engineering and Related Tech
• Ms Erin Maplesden
• Admission & Fees
• Introduction

Employment Opportunities

Career options, learning outcomes, further information.

• Additional Information

Admission Requirements

Scholarships.

• Indicative Fees

Program Requirements

As a PhD student you will work with increased independence, under the direction of an expert academic supervisor or a supervisory panel. Your research will make an original and important contribution to human knowledge and may be published in scientific journals or presented at international conferences.

The Doctor of Philosophy usually involves three to four years of full-time study or the part-time equivalent and requires the submission and successful examination of a thesis of up to 100,000 words.

To be eligible for admission to the Doctor of Philosophy program you should have completed a relevant four-year undergraduate degree from an eligible university, or a postgraduate qualification with a significant research thesis component. There must be a supervisor at the ANU College of Engineering and Computer Science who is available and willing to supervise your research, and you must have identified a research project.

Admission to a Doctor of Philosophy degree at ANU requires:

1. An Australian Bachelor degree with at least Second Class Honours - Upper (First Class Honours is often required) or its international equivalent, or

2. Another degree with a significant research/thesis component that may be assessed as equivalent to paragraph (1), or

3. A combination of qualifications, research publications and/or professional experience related to the field of study that may be assessed as equivalent to paragraph (1).

All applicants must meet the University’s English Language Admission Requirements for Students .

You may be eligible for admission if you can demonstrate that you have significant research experience and a background equivalent to these qualifications.

The ANU College of Engineering and Computer Science encourages prospective students to take a self assessment test to determine their suitability for admission/scholarship before completing the pre-application process .

If you think you might qualify, you can also check out our guide on how to apply .

Indicative fees

For more information see: http://www.anu.edu.au/students/program-administration/costs-fees

For further information on International Tuition Fees see: https://www.anu.edu.au/students/program-administration/fees-payments/international-tuition-fees

Fee Information

All students are required to pay the  Services and amenities fee  (SA Fee)

The annual indicative fee provides an estimate of the program tuition fees for international students and domestic students (where applicable). The annual indicative fee for a program is based on the standard full-time enrolment load of 48 units per year (unless the program duration is less than 48 units). Fees for courses vary by discipline meaning that the fees for a program can vary depending on the courses selected. Course fees are reviewed on an annual basis and typically will increase from year to year. The tuition fees payable are dependent on the year of commencement and the courses selected and are subject to increase during the period of study.

For further information on Fees and Payment please see: https://www.anu.edu.au/students/program-administration/fees-payments

ANU offers a wide range of  scholarships  to students to assist with the cost of their studies.

Eligibility to apply for ANU scholarships varies depending on the specifics of the scholarship and can be categorised by the type of student you are.  Specific scholarship application process information is included in the relevant scholarship listing.

For further information see the  Scholarships  website.

Exceptional research degrees at ANU

The Australian National University provides PhD students with a vibrant research community and outstanding program support. When selecting a research program, an institution's reputation is everything. ANU is one of the world's leading universities, and the smart choice for your research program.

The ANU College of Engineering and Computer Science (CECS) has a track record of exceptional performance: a strong international research reputation based on a culture of excellence; a vibrant research-led education programme; and strong contributions in policy advice and community engagement.

We conduct research and teaching that aims to deliver solutions to some of the most pressing technological and environmental challenges the world faces, recruiting and nurturing students and academics who will lead the way in finding solutions to these challenges. The college has an extensive network of international collaboration with research institutions and industries in Europe, the Asia Pacific and the USA, as well as locally.

As a PhD student you will work with increased independence, under the direction of a supervisory panel of experts in the field. Your research will make an original and important contribution to human knowledge, research and development.

ANU ranks among the world's very finest universities. Our nearly 100,000 alumni include political, business, government, and academic leaders around the world.

We have graduated remarkable people from every part of our continent, our region and all walks of life.

We have research opportunities in a wide range of fields across engineering and computer science. Career options following completion of a Doctor of Philosophy include many opportunities in addition to an academic path such as research opportunities in industry or commercialisation of your research through a start-up.  

Some of our alumni hold positions as company directors, chief technology officers, senior managers, and consultants to major industry bodies and organisations in Australia and internationally.

Deliberately blank

Learn more about the degrees offered at the ANU College of Engineering and Computer Science, read current student profiles to see what campus life is really like, and discover what our graduates have achieved since leaving the College at Visit the College of Engineering and Computer Science website.

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Research School of Earth Sciences ANU College of Science

Professor nerilie abram.

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About me .

I am a paleoclimate scientist, with research expertise covering natural climate variability and human-caused climate change impacts from the tropical oceans to Antarctica. 

My research team is supported by ARC-funded projects through the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes , the Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science , and through an ARC Future Fellowship.

In 2023 we will be working to establish a new Centre of Excellence for the Weather of the 21st Century , due to commence in February 2024.

I'm actively involved in the international Iso2k and CoralHydro2k reconstruction teams for the Past Global Changes 2k projects , and was a Coordinating Lead Author for the IPCC special report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate released in 2019. I am a member of the international Climate Crisis Advisory Group .

I am lucky to work with an amazing group of early career researchers. Currently group members include Georgy Falster , Chiara Holgate , Sarah Jackson , Kelly Lawler and Laura Velasquez Jiminez .

Where I've studied and worked

• 2011-present: Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University
• 2004-2011: British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council (Cambridge, UK)
• 2000-2004: PhD, The Australian National University
• 1996-1999: BSc Advanced with honours and university medal, University of Sydney

Images are from coral drilling of Krakatau tsunami blocks in Sunda Strait, 2012

Affiliations

• Climate & Ocean Geoscience , Member
• Palaeoenvironments , Researcher

Research interests

Research highlights, response of the east antarctic ice sheet to past and future climate change.

The vast East Antarctic ice sheet has often been viewed as being relatively insensitive to climate warming. But oberservations of ice loss in some parts of the ice sheet, as well as paleoclimate evidence for large ice losses at times of only moderate climate warming are challenging this view. This review paper finds that substantial ice loss from East Antarctica over coming centuries can still be avoided, but only if the Paris Agreement goal of limiting warming to well below 2°C is met.

Stokes et al., (2022) Nature , doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04946-0. Links:  paper    press release     Conversation article

Connections of climate variability and change to bushfires in southeast Australia

This comprehensive review of the climate influences on bushfires in southeast Australia was a rapid response to Australia’s Black Summer disaster. The paper demonstrated the emergence of fire weather outside of historical experience, and the multiple climate variability and change factors expected to increase future fire risk. It also identified aspects of weather and climate where future changes in southeast Australia were uncertain, leading to new research that identified an increase in the frequency and strength of fire-promoting cold fronts over southeast Australia.

Abram et al., (2021) Communications Earth and Environment , doi: 10.1038/s43247-020-00065-8. Links:  paper    twitter summary    twitter summary on backstory and open letter   

Cai, Abram et al., (2022) Environmental Research Letters , doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac8e88. Links:  paper

Indian Ocean Dipole variability during the last millennium

By reconstructing 500-years of monthly-resolved Indian Ocean Dipole variability, this study was the first to demonstrate a tight coupling of interannual variability between the Indian and Pacific oceans, and potential for much larger IOD events than known historically, even without human forcing of the climate. Using this new paleoclimate evidence alongside observations and climate simulations increases confidence in projected future intensification of the IOD.

Abram et al., (2020) Nature , doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2084-4. Links:  paper    data    Conversation article

Abram et al., (2020) Quaternary Science Reviews , doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106302 .

IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate

The ocean and cyrosphere (frozen parts of our planet) are essential for our life on Earth, but climate change is already impacting from the tops of our highest mountains to the deepest parts of the ocean. This assessment by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change involved more than 100 authors from 36 countries, who reviewed almost 7000 scientific studies and responded to more than 30,000 review comments. Our assessment shows how the ocean and cryosphere are changing, what our choices for the future will mean for how much and how quickly they continue to change, and what options are available to help people and ecosystems adapt to unavoidable future change.

IPCC (2019). Links:  report webpage   Public lecture    Radio interview    The Conversation

Early onset of industrial-era warming across the oceans and continents

Instrumental records of temperature provide unambiguous evidence for climate warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions during the 20 th and 21 st Centuries. But is this the full picture? Using palaeoclimate reconstructions and simulations spanning the last 500 years, this research finds that industrial-era warming first began in some parts of the world as early as the 1830s. The small but measureable response of Earth's climate to rising greenhouse gas levels during the 19 th century needs to be considered to fully account for how much and how quickly humans have altered our climate. Read more in The Conversation .

Abram et al., and the PAGES 2k Consortium (2016) Nature , 536, 411-418. Links:  paper    data    press release    video   

Tropical sea-surface temperatures for the past four centuries reconstructed from coral archives

Reconstructions of natural and human-induced climate change over the last millennium are primarily derived from land-based records, making it difficult to assess how climate changes have evolved across the large areas of ocean that cover the Earth. In this study, an international team of researchers has synthesised annually resolved coral records to produce sea surface temperature histories over four tropical ocean regions. The work is part of the Ocean2k project, as part of the wider Past Global Changes 2k initiative (PAGES2k).

Tierney, Abram et al., (2015) Paleoceanography , doi: 10.1002/2014PA002717. Links:  paper    data   

Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium

The winds that circle around the Southern Ocean determine how much rainfall falls over southern parts of Australia. These winds also affect the temperature of the ocean and air around Antarctica. This study shows that increasing greenhouse gas levels are causing the Southern Ocean winds to get stronger and pull in tighter around Antarctica, meaning that Australia misses out on winter rain and making parts of the Antarctic ice sheets more susceptible to melting.

Abram et al., (2014) Nature Climate Change , 4, 564-569. Links:  paper    data    press release    video

Acceleration of snow melt in an Antarctic Peninsula ice core during the twentieth century

This unique record of past ice melt shows that the current levels of melting on the Antarctic Peninsula are higher than at any other time over at least the last 1000 years. Melting has been increasing dramatically since the mid 20th century and the record gives a clear example of the potential for rapid increases in melting to even small amounts of warming in places where summer temperatures are close to 0 degreesC. Read more in the News and Views  and  The Conversation  commentary pieces on this study

Abram et al., (2013) Nature Geoscience , 6, 404-411.  Links:  paper    data    press release

Recent Antarctic Peninsula warming relative to Holocene climate and ice-shelf history

The Antarctic Peninsula is warming faster than any other place in the Southern Hemisphere. In this work we developed the first ice core record from the Antarctic Peninsula spanning the full Holocene, showing that the very rapid rate warming in this region over the past 50 years is very unusual in a geological context. Read more in the  News and Views  and  Real Climate  pieces written by Eric Steig.

Mulvaney, Abram et al., (2012) Nature , 498, 141-144.  Links:  paper    data    press release

Ice core evidence for a 20th century decline of sea ice in the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica

Using the chemical fingerprints in an array of ice cores from around Antarctica this study was able to show the different regional patterns of sea ice retreat around Antarctica over the 20th Century. These long sea ice reconstructions contrast with the short satellite observations of Antarctic sea ice change, which have seen an overall increase in the extent of Antarctic sea ice since the 1980s.

Abram et al., (2010) Journal of Geophysical Research , 115, D23101, doi:10.1029/2010JD014644.  Links:  paper    BAS featured research . This 2013 invited review paper gives more details about how we can use ice cores to reconstruct Antarctic sea ice changes.

Oscillations in the southern extent of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool during the mid-Holocene

This study showed that accurate assessments of past ocean temperatures can be obtained by looking at the bulk geochemical signal of large groups of fossil corals. Applying this to corals from offshore of Sumatra and Papua New Guinea showed that the very warm waters that lie to the north of Australia (and are important for bringing rain to parts of the country) have moved closer and further way from Australia at different times during the last 7000 years

Abram et al., (2009) Quaternary Science Reviews , 28, 2794-2803 . Links:  paper    data

Recent intensification of tropical climate variability in the Indian Ocean

This study used corals to extend the short instrumental record of the Indian Ocean Dipole (the Indian Ocean's equivalent to El Nino) back by more than 100 years. This long perspective shows how unusual the recent cluster of strong and frequent IOD events is; whereas these events typically only occurred every 20 years at the start of the 1900s, we are now seeing events roughly every 4 years.

Abram et al., (2008) Nature Geoscience , 1, 849-853.  Links:  paper    data

Seasonal characteristics of the Indian Ocean Dipole during the Holocene epoch

Detailed analysis of the chemistry of fossil coral skeletons showed how the temperature and rainfall changes during Indian Ocean Dipole events changed when the Asian monsoon was stronger than today. Understanding the potential for future changes in the duration and intensity of Indian Ocean Dipole droughts will be important for climate change adaption in the Indian Ocean region.

Abram et al., (2007) Nature , 445, 299-302.  Links:  paper    data    news & views

Coral reef death during the 1997 Indian Ocean Dipole linked to Indonesian wildfires

Our team were Eureka Prize finalists for the unique finding that nutrients from wildfires can fertilise the ocean and lead to destructive algal blooms. The findings were based on the death of a 400km long section of reef off the coast of Sumatra following massive wildfires in 2007.

Abram et al., (2003) Science , 301, 952-955.  Links:  paper

Research funding

My research is supported by a number of grants awarded by the Australian Research Council, including an ARC Future Fellowship and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes and the Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science.

• Antarctic and tropical climate variability over the last millennium, and impacts on southern Australian rainfall , Principal investigator
• Unraveling the changing patterns of Australian rainfall , Supervisor

Teaching information

Image from ice core drilling on James Ross Island, Antarctica, 2008

• In semester 1 I teach Climate change: past, present and future (ENVS3013/6303) between the Fenner and Earth Sciences schools, and contribute to Blue Planet (EMSC1006).
• I also teach into ANU's Coral Reef Field Studies course (EMSC3019) on the Great Barrier Reef.
• I am able to offer research supervision for undergraduate students wishing to complete third year Special Topics (EMSC3050) or Honours year (EMSC4005) research projects.
• All of these undergraduate courses can be taken as part of the ANU Climate Science major that launched in 2021

Supervised students

• Sarah Jackson

Publications

You can also access my publication history through Google Scholar . Some of my publications require an academic library subscription to read the full content. Please email me if you aren't able to access one of my papers and would like me to send you a pdf copy.

Funding acknowledgements give details for papers where the Australian Research Council supported my work through project costs and/or salary.

Walter, R. M., Sayani, H. R., Felis, T., Cobb, K. M., Abram, N. J. , Arzey, A. K., Atwood, A. R., Brenner, L. D., Dassié, É. P., DeLong, K. L., Ellis, B., Fischer, M. J., Goodkin, N. F., Hargreaves, J. A., Kilbourne, K. H., Krawczyk, H., McKay, N. P., Murty, S. A., Ramos, R. D., Reed, E. V., Samanta, D., Sanchez, S. C., Zinke, J., and the PAGES CoralHydro2k Project Members. (2023). The CoralHydro2k Database: a global, actively curated compilation of coral δ 18 O and Sr/Ca proxy records of tropical ocean hydrology and temperature for the Common Era, Earth System Science Data , https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-172 . Funding support from CE170100023 and FT160100029.

Priestley, S.C., Treble, P.C., Griffiths, A.D., Baker, A., Abram, N.J. and Meredith, K.T. (in press). Caves demonstrate decrease in rainfall recharge of groundwater is unprecedented for the last 800 years. Communications Earth and Environment. Funding support from CE170100023 and DP140102059.

Jackson, S. L., Vance, T. R., Crockart, C., Moy, A., Plummer, C., and Abram, N.J. (2023 in revision). Climatology of the Mount Brown South ice core site in East Antarctica: implications for the interpretation of a water isotope record, Climate of the Past, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1171 . Funding support from CE170100023 and SR200100008.

Abram, N.J. (2023). What can we expect from the final UN climate report? And what is the IPCC anyway? The Conversation .

Stokes, C.R., Abram, N.J. , Bentley, M.J., Edwards, T.L., England, M.H., Foppert, A., Jamieson, S.S.R., Jones, R.S., King, M.A., Lenaerts, J.T.M., Medley, B., Miles, B.W.J., Paxman, G.J.G., Ritz, C., van de Flierdt, T. and Whitehouse, P. (2022). Response of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet to past and future climate change. Nature 608, 275–286 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04946-0 . Funding support from FT160100029 and SR200100008.

Feng, P., Wang, B., Macadam, I., Taschetto, A.S., Abram, N.J. , Luo, J-J., King, A.D., Chen, Y., Li, Y., Liu, D.L., Yu, Q. and Hu, K. (2022). Increasing dominance of Indian Ocean variability impacts Australian wheat yields. Nature Food 3, 862–870. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00613-9 Funding support from CE170100023.

Cai., D., Abram, N.J. , Sharples, J.J., and Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. (2022). Increasing intensity and frequency of cold fronts contributed to Australia's 2019-2020 Black Summer fire disaster. Environmental Research Letters , 17, 094044, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac8e88 . Funding support from FT160100029 and CE170100023 .

Wright, N. M., Krause, C. E., Phipps, S. J., Boschat, G., and Abram, N.J. (2022). Influence of long-term changes in solar irradiance forcing on the Southern Annular Mode, Climate of the Past , 18, 1509–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1509-2022 . Funding support from FT160100029 and CE170100023 .

Treble, P.C., Baker, A., Abram, N.J. et al. (2022). Ubiquitous karst hydrological control on speleothem oxygen isotope variability in a global study. Communications Earth and Environment 3, 29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00347-3 . Funding support from DP140102059.

Erhardt, T., Bigler, M., Federer, U., Gfeller, G., Leuenberger, D., Stowasser, O., Röthlisberger, R., Schüpbach, S., Ruth, U., Twarloh, B., Wegner, A., Goto-Azuma, K., Kuramoto, T., Kjær, H. A., Vallelonga, P. T., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Hansson, M. E., Benton, A. K., Fleet, L. G., Mulvaney, R., Thomas, E. R., Abram, N. , Stocker, T. F., and Fischer, H. (2022). High-resolution aerosol concentration data from the Greenland NorthGRIP and NEEM deep ice cores, Earth System Science Data, 14, 1215–1231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1215-2022 .

Abram, N.J. (2022). I am a climate scientist - and this is my plea to our newly elected politicians. The Conversation .

Abram, N.J. (2022). I am a climate scientist - and this is my plea to our newly elected politicians. In Hopkins (ed.) 2022: Reckoning with Power and Privilege . ISBN: 9781760762995 .

Abram, N.J. , Henley, B.J., Sen Gupta, A. et al. (2021). Connections of climate change and variability to large and extreme forest fires in southeast Australia. Commun Earth Environ 2, 8, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00065-8 . Funding support from FT160100029 and CE170100023.

Crockart, C. K., Vance, T. R., Fraser, A. D., Abram, N. J. , Criscitiello, A. S., Curran, M. A. J., Favier, V., Gallant, A. J. E., Kjær, H. A., Klekociuk, A. R., Jong, L. M., Moy, A. D., Plummer, C. T., Vallelonga, P. T., Wille, J., and Zhang, L. (2021). El Niño Southern Oscillation signal in a new East Antarctic ice core, Mount Brown South, Climate of the Past . https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1795-202 1. Funding support from CE170100023.

McConnell, J.R., Chellman, N.J., Mulvaney, R., Eckhardt, S., Stohl, A., Plunkett, G., Kipfstuhl, S., Freitag, J., Isaksson, E., Gleason, K.E., Brugger, S.O., McWethy, D.B., Abram, N.J. , Liu, P. and Aristarain, A. (2021). Hemispheric black carbon increase after the 13th-century Māori arrival in New Zealand. Nature, 598, 82–85. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03858-9 .

Ummenhofer, C.C., Murty, S.A., Sprintall, J., Lee, T. and Abram. N.J. (2021). Heat and freshwater changes in the Indian Ocean region. Nature Reviews Earth and Environment , 2, 525–541. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00192-6 . Funding support from FT160100029 and CE170100023.

Abram, N.J. , Kaufman, D., McGregor, H., Martrat, B., Bothe, O. and Linderholm, H. (2020). Global climate goes regional, and vice versa: Reflecting on 14 years of the PAGES 2k Network. Past Global Changes Magazine , 29 (1), 16-17.

King, A., Abram, N.J. and Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. (2021). There's no end to the damage humans can wreak on the climate. This is how bad its likely to get. The Conversation .

McGregor, S., Abram, N.J. and Reef, R. (2021). 'How high above sea level am I?' If you've googled this, your likely asking the wrong questions - an expert explains. The Conversation .

Abram, N.J. , King, A., Pitman, A., Jakob, C., Arblaster, J., Alexander, L., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S., McGregor, S. and Sherwood, S. (2021). Yes, a few climate models give unexpected predictions - but the technology remains a powerful tool. The Conversation .

Abram, N.J. , Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. and De Kauwe, M. (2021). Matt Canavan suggested the cold snap means global warming isn't real. We bust this and 2 other climate myths. The Conversation .

Abram, N.J. , Wright, N.M., Ellis, B., Dixon, B.C., Wurtzel, J.B., England, M.H. Ummenhofer, C.C., Philibosian, B., Cahyarini, S.Y., Yu, T.-L., Shen, C.-C., Cheng, H., Edwards, R,L. and Heslop, D. (2020). Coupling of Indo-Pacific climate variability over the last millennium. Nature 579, 385-392, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2084-4 . Funding support from DP110101161, DP140102059, FT160100029 and CE170100023.

• Database archive:  https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/28451

Abram, N.J. , Hargreaves, J.A., Wright, N.M., Thirumalai, K., Ummenhofer, C.C. and England, M.H. (2020). Palaeoclimate perspectives on the Indian Ocean Dipole. Quaternary Science Reviews 237, 106302,   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106302 [ invited contribution ]. Funding support from FT160100029 and CE170100023.

Konecky, B. L., McKay, N. P., Churakova (Sidorova), O. V., Comas-Bru, L., Dassié, E. P., DeLong, K. L., Falster, G. M., Fischer, M. J., Jones, M. D., Jonkers, L., Kaufman, D. S., Leduc, G., Managave, S. R., Martrat, B., Opel, T., Orsi, A. J., Partin, J. W., Sayani, H. R., Thomas, E. K., Thompson, D. M., Tyler, J. J., Abram, N. J. , Atwood, A. R., Cartapanis, O., Conroy, J. L., Curran, M. A., Dee, S. G., Deininger, M., Divine, D. V., Kern, Z., Porter, T. J., Stevenson, S. L., von Gunten, L., and Iso2k Project Members (2020). The Iso2k database: a global compilation of paleo-δ 18 O and δ 2 H records to aid understanding of Common Era climate, Earth Syst. Sci. Data , 12, 2261–2288, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020

• Database archive: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/29593

Wright, N.M., Ellis, B. and Abram, N.J. (2020). A rare natural phenomenon brings severe drought to Australia. Climate change is making it more common. The Conversation .

Abram, N.J. (2019). Australia's Angry Summer: This is what climate change looks like . Scientific American . 31st December 2019.

IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (2019). Monaco, 25th September 2019. Contributions include:

• • IPCC (2019), Summary for Policy Makers.
• • Abram, Gattuso, Prakash et al., (2019), Chapter 1: Framing and Context.
• • Abram et al., (2019), Cross-Chapter Box 1: Scenarios, Pathways and Reference Periods.
• • Adler, Oppenheimer, Abram et al., (2019), Cross-Chapter Box 5: Confidence and Deep Uncertainty.
• • See livestream video of public lecture , listen to ABC Radio National interview , read our Conversation article

Freund, M.B., Henley, B.J., Karoly, D.J., McGregor, H.V., Abram, N.J. , and Dommenget, D. (2019). Higher frequency of Central Pacific El Niño events in recent decades. Nature Geoscience . doi: 10.1038/s41561-019-0353-3 . Funding support from FT160100029 and CE170100023.

• Associated article: Freund, M.B., Henley, B.J., Karoly, D.J., McGregor, H.V., and Abram, N.J. , (2019). El Niño has rapidly become stronger and stranger, according to coral records . The Conversation

Datwyler, C., Abram, N.J. , Grosjean, M., Wahl, E., Neukom, R. (2019). ENSO variability, teleconnection changes and response to large volcanic eruptions since AD 1000. International Journal of Climatology . doi: 10.1002/joc.5983. Funding support from FT160100029 .

Dey, R., Lewis, S., and Abram, N.J. (2019). Investigating observed northwest Australian rainfall trends in CMIP5 detection and attribution experiments. International Journal of Climatology , 39 (1), 112-127, doi: 10.1002/joc.5788 . Funding support from FT160100029 and CE110001028.

Dey, R., Lewis, S., Arblaster, J., and Abram, N.J. (2019). A Review of Past and Projected Changes in Australia’s Precipitation: Trends, Means and Extremes. WIRES Climate Change , https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.577 .  Funding support from FT160100029 and CE110001028.

Ellis, B., Grant, K., Mallela, J., Abram, N.J. (2019). Is XRF core scanning a viable method of coral palaeoclimate temperature reconstructions? Quaternary International . doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2018.11.044. Funding support from FT160100029, DP140102059, and CE110001028 .

Krause, C.E., Gagan, M.K., Dunbar, G.B., Helstrom, J.C., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Hantoro, W.S., Abram, N.J., and Rifai, H. (2019). Meridional and zonal drivers of Australasian monsoon hydroclimate over the last 40,000 years. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 513, 103-112, doi: 10.1016/j/epsl.2019.01.045. Funding support from DP110101161, FT160100029 and CE110001028.

Klein, F., Abram, N.J. , Curran, M.A.J., Goosse, H., Goursaud, S., Masson-Delmotte, V., Moy, A., Neukom, R., Orsi, A., Sjolte, J., Steiger, N., Stenni, B., and Werner, M. (2019). Assessing the robustness of Antarctic temperature reconstructions over the past two millennia using pseudoproxy and data assimilation experiments. Climate of the Past . 15, 661-684, doi: 10.5194/cp-15-661-2019 . Funding support from FT160100029 and CE170100023 .

Turney, C.S.M, McGregor, H.V., Francus, P., Abram, N. , Evans, M.N., Goosse, H., von Gunten, L., Kaufman, D., Linderholm, H., Loutre, M.F. and Neukom, R. (2019). Introduction to the Special Issue on Climate of the Past 2000 Years: Global and Regional Syntheses. Climate of the Past , 16, 611-615, doi: 10.5194/cp-15-611-2019

Wurtzel, J.B., Abram, N.J. , Lewis, S.E., Bajo, P., Helstrom, J.C., Troitzsch, U. and Heslop, D. (2018). Tropical Indo-Pacific hydroclimate response to North Atlantic forcing during the last deglaciation as recorded by a speleothem from Sumatra, Indonesia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters , 492, 264-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.04.001 Funding support from DP110101161 and DP140102059.

• Database archive: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23790

Abram, N.J. (2018). Past warming events in the Arctic linked to shifting winds in the Antarctic. Nature , 563, 630-631 (News and Views).

Fischer, H., Meissner, K., Mix, A., et al., including Abram N.J. (2018), Palaeoclimate constraints on the impact of 2 o C anthropogenic warming and beyond. Nature Geoscience . doi: 10.1038/s41561-018-0146-0 . Funding support from FT160100029 and CE170100023.

Kaufman, D. and PAGES 2k special-issue editorial team, including Abram, N.J. (2018), Technical Note: Open-paleo-data implementation pilot – The PAGES 2k special issue, Climate of the Past , https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-593-2018 . Funding support from FT160100029.

NEEM Aerosol Community, led by Fischer, H. and including Abram, N.J. (2018), Greenland records of aerosol source and atmospheric lifetime changes from the Eemian to the Holocene. Nature Communications , 9:1476, doi : 10.1038/s41467-018-03924-3

Sigl, M., Abram, N. J. , Gabrieli, J., Jenk, T. M., Osmont, D., and Schwikowski, M. (2018), 19th century glacier retreat in the Alps preceded the emergence of industrial black carbon deposition on high-alpine glaciers, The Cryosphere , https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3311-2018

Abram, N.J. (2017). FactCheck Q&A: Was it four degrees hotter 110,000 years ago? The Conversation .

Abram, N.J. (2017). FactCheck Q&A: Was it four degrees hotter 110,000 years ago? In: Watson, J. The Conversation Yearbook 2017: 50 articles that informed public debate . Melbourne University Press, ISBN: 9780522872668 .

Dasse, E., and 37 others including Abram, N.J. (2017). Saving our marine archives. Eos, 98, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017EO068159 .

Datwyler, C., Neukom, R., Abram, N.J. , Gallant, A., Grosjean, M., Jacques-Coper, M., Karoly, D., and Villalba, R. (2017). Teleconnection stationarity, variability and trends of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) during the last millennium. Climate Dynamics , doi:10.1007/s00382-017-4015-0.

• Database archive: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23130

Henley, B, and Abram, N.J. (2017). The three-minute story of 800,000 years of climate change with a sting in the tail . The Conversation (including YouTube video) .

Hessl, A., Allen, K., Vance, T., Abram, N.J. and Saunders, K. (2017). Reconstructions of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) during the Last Millennium. Progress in Physical Geography . doi:10.1177/0309133317743165 . Funding support from DP140102059 .

PAGES 2k Consortium, led by Emile-Geay, J. and including Abram, N.J. (2017). A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era. Nature Scientific Data , doi: 10.1038/sdata.2017.88

• Database archive: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21171

Stenni, B., Curran, M., Abram, N.J. , Orsi, A., and 14 others from the Antarctica 2k working group (2017). Antarctic climate variability at regional and continental scales over the last 2,000 years,  Climate of the Past, doi:10.5194/cp-13-1609-2017 . Funding support from DP140102059 and CE110001028.

• Database archive: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22589

Turner, J., Comiso, J., and 20 co-signatories including Abram, N.J. (2017). Solve Antarctica's sea-ice puzzle. Nature , 547, 275–277, doi:10.1038/547275a

Abram, N.J. , McGregor, H.V., Tierney, J.E., Evans, M.N., McKay, N.P., Kaufman, D.S. and the PAGES 2k Consortium (2016). Early onset of industrial-era warming across the oceans and continents. Nature , 536, 411-418, doi:10.1038/nature19082 . Funding support from DP110101161 and DP140102059.

• Associated article: McGregor, H.V., Abram, N.J. , Gergis, J. and Phipps, S. (2016). The Industrial Revolution kick-started global warming much earlier than we realised . The Conversation
• Press Release and Video
• Database and code archive: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20083

Jones, J.M., Gille, S.T., Goosse, H., Abram, N.J. , and 21 other co-authors (2016). Assessing recent trends in high-latitude Southern Hemisphere surface climate. Nature Climate Change , 6, 917-926, doi:10.1038/nclimate3103 . Funding support from DP110101161 and DP140102059.

• Associated article: Abram, N.J. , England, M.E., and Vance, T.R. (2016). Record high to record low: what on earth is happening to Antarctica's sea ice? The Conversation

Abram, N.J. (2016). Climate's Playground. Nature Geoscience , doi:10.1038/ngeo2856 .

Abram, N.J. (2016). Climate shenanigans at the ends of the Earth: why has sea ice gone haywire? The Conversation .

Hobbs, W., Curran, M.A.J., Abram, N.J. and Thomas, E.R. (2016). Century-scale perspectives on observed and simulated Southern Ocean sea ice trends. Journal of Geophysical Research , 121, 7804-7818 , doi: 10.1002/2016JC012111 . Funding support from DP110101161.

Thomas, E.R. and  Abram, N.J. (2016). Ice core reconstruction of sea ice change in the Amundsen-Ross Seas since 1702AD. Geophysical Research Letters , 43, 5309-5317 , doi: 10.1002/2016GL068130 . Funding support from DP110101161.

Vance, T., Roberts, J., Moy, A., Curran, M., Tozer, C., Gallant, A., Abram, N.J. , van Ommen, T., Young, D., Blankenship, D., Siegert, M., and Grima, C. (2016). Optimal site selection for a high resolution ice core record in East Antarctica. Climate of the Past , 12, 595-610, doi:10.5194/cp-12-595-2016 . Funding support from DP110101161 and DP140102059.

Tierney, J.E., Abram, N.J. , Anchukaitis, K.J., Evans, M.N., Giry, C., Kilbourne, K.H., Saenger, C.P., Wu, H.C., Zinke, J. (2015). Tropical sea-surface temperatures for the past four centuries reconstructed from coral archives. Paleoceanography , 30, 226-252, doi: 10.1002/2014PA002717 . Funding support from DP110101161 and DP140102059.

• Database archive: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17955

Abram, N.J. , Dixon, B.C., Rosevear, M.G., Plunkett, B., Gagan, M.K., Hantoro, W.S. and Phipps, S.J. (2015). Optimised coral records of the Indian Ocean Dipole: an assessment of location and length considerations. Paleoceanography , 30, 1391-1405, doi: 10.1002/2015PA002810 . Funding support from DP110101161 and DP140102059.

• Data archive: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18895

King, P.L., Edwards, A., and Abram, N.J. (2015) Recognising biases that affect women geoscientists in the workplace . Elements Magazine , 11 (April), 88-89.

Abram, N.J.  (2014). Antarctic ice: going, going, ... In: The Best Australian Science Writing 2014 (ed. A. Hay).

Murphy, E.J., Clarke, A., Abram, N.J. and Turner, J. (2014). Variability of sea-ice in the northern Weddell Sea during the 20th century. Journal of Geophysical Research . doi:10.1002/2013JC009511 . Funding support from DP110101161.

Abram, N.J. , Mulvaney, R., Vimeux, F., Phipps, S.J. Turner, J. and England, M.E. (2014). Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium.  Nature Climate Change, 4, 564-569. doi:10.1038/nclimate2235 . Funding support from DP140102059 and DP110101161.

• Data archive: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16197

Abram, N.J.  (2013). Antarctic ice...going, going,gone? In:  The Curious Country  (ed. L. Dayton). pp. 14-19. From the Office of the Chief Scientist and available as a  free e-book through ANU Press

Abram, N.J. , Mulvaney, R., Wolff, E.W., Triest, J., Kipfstuhl, S., Trusel, L.D., Vimeux, F., Fleet, L. and Arrowsmith, C. (2013). Acceleration of snow melt in an Antarctic Peninsula ice core during the twentieth century.  Nature Geoscience,  6, 404-411 ,  doi:10.1038/ngeo1787 . Funding support from DP110101161.

• Data archive: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14201

Abram, N.J. , Wolff, E.W. and Curran, M.A.J (2013). A review of sea ice proxy information from polar ice cores. Quaternary Science Reviews ,  doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.01.011 . Funding support from DP110101161.

Mulvaney R.*,  Abram, N.J. *, Hindmarsh, R.C.A., Arrowsmith C., Fleet L., Triest J., Sime, L.C., Alemany O. and Foord, S. Recent Antarctic Peninsula warming relative to Holocene climate and ice shelf history (2012), Nature,  489, 141-144,  doi:10.1038/nature11391 . * equal contributions.   Funding support from DP110101161.

• Data archive: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13954

Wheatley, J.J., Blackwell, P.G.,  Abram, N.J. , McConnell, J.R., Thomas, E.R. and Wolff, E.W. (2012). Automated ice-core layer-counting with strong univariate signals.  Climate of the Past  8, 1869-1879,  doi:10.5194/cp-8-1869-2012

Abram, N.J ., Mulvaney, R. and Arrowsmith, C (2011). Environmental signals in a highly resolved ice core from James Ross Island, Antarctica.  Journal of Geophysical Research . 116, D20116, doi:10.1029/2011JD016147

D’Arrigo R.,  Abram N.J ., Ummenhoffer C., Palmer J. and Mudelsee M. (2011). Reconstructed streamflow for Citarum River, Java, Indonesia: linkages to tropical climate dynamics.  Climate Dynamics  36, 451-462, doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0717-2 .

Gagan, M.K. and  Abram, N.J.  (2011). Stable isotopes and trace elements.  In  Hopley, D. (ed)  Encyclopedia of modern coral reefs: structure, form and process . Encyclopedia of Earth Science Series, Springer-Verlag.

Abram, N.J. , Thomas, E.R, McConnell, J.R., Mulvaney, R., Bracegirdle, T.J., Sime, L.C., and Aristarain, A.J. (2010). Ice core evidence for a 20th century decline of sea ice in the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica.  Journal of Geophysical   Research  115, D23101, doi:10.1029/2010JD014644 .

Rothlisberger R., Crosta X.,  Abram N.J ., Armand L. and Wolff E.W. (2010). Potential and limitations of marine and ice core proxies: An example from the Indian Ocean sector.  Quaternary Science Reviews  29, 296-302, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.10.005 .

Abram N.J ., McGregor H.V., Gagan M.K. Hantoro W.S. and Suwargadi B.W. (2009). Oscillations in the southern extent of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool during the mid-Holocene.  Quaternary Science Reviews   28 , 2794-2803 , doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.006 . Funding support from DP0663227.

• Data archive: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9819

Ault T.R., Cole J.E., Evans M.N., Barnett H.,  Abram N.J ., Tudhope A.W. and Linsley B.K. (2009). Intensified decadal variability in tropical climate during the late 19th century,  Geophysical Research Letters  36, L08602, doi:10.1029/2008GL036924 .

Hodgson, D.A.,  Abram, N.J. , Anderson, J., Bargelloni L., Barrett P., Bentley M.J., Bertler N.A.N., Chown S., Clarke A., Convey P., Crame A., Crosta X., Curran M., di Prisco G., Francis J.E., Goodwin I., Gutt J., Masse G., Masson-Delmotte V., Mayewski P.A., Mulvaney R., Peck L., Portner H.-O., Rothlisberger R., Stevens M.I., Summerhayes C.P., van Ommen T., Verde C., Verleyen E., Vyverman W., Wiencke C. and Zane L. (2009) Antarctic climate and environmental history in the pre-instrumental period . In: Turner, J. Convey P., di Prisco G., Mayewski P.A., Hodgson D.A., Fahrbach E, Bindschadler R. and Gutt J. (eds)  Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment . Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research, Cambridge.

Abram N.J ., Gagan M.K., Cole J.E., Hantoro W.S., and Mudelsee M. (2008). Recent intensification of tropical climate variability in the Indian Ocean,  Nature Geoscience  1 (12), 849-853, doi:10.1038/ngeo357 . Funding support from DP0342017 and DP0663227.

• Data archive: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8607

McGregor H.V. and  Abram N.J . (2008). Images of diagenetic textures in  Porites  corals from Papua New Guinea and Indonesia,  Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems  9 (10), Q10013, doi:10.1029/2008GC002093 .

Reda T., Plugge C.M.,  Abram N.J.  and Hirst J. (2008). Reversible interconversion of carbon dioxide and formate by an electroactive enzyme.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  105 (31), 10654-10658 , doi:10.1073/pnas.0801290105 .

Abram N.J ., Curran M.A.J., Mulvaney R. and Vance T. (2008). The preservation of methanesulphonic acid in frozen ice-core samples.  Journal of Glaciology   54 (187) , 680-684.

Abram N.J ., Mulvaney R. Wolff E.W. and Mudelsee M. (2007). Ice core records as sea ice proxies: An evaluation from the Weddell Sea region of Antarctica.  Journal of Geophysical Research   112 , D15101, doi:10.1029/2006JD008139 .

Abram N.J ., Gagan M.K., Liu, Z., Hantoro W.S., McCulloch M.T. and Suwargadi B.W. (2007). Seasonal characteristics of the Indian Ocean Dipole during the Holocene epoch,  Nature  445, 299-302, doi:10.1038/nature05477 . Funding support from DP0342017 and DP0663227.

Abram N.J. , Gagan M.K., Mcculloch M.T., Chappell J., and Hantoro W.S. (2004) Sudden death of a coral reef. Science  303, 1293-1294, doi:10.1126/science.303.5662.1293b

Grumet N.S.,  Abram N.J ., Beck J.W., Dunbar R.B., Gagan M.K. Guilderson T.P., Hantoro W.S. and Suwargadi B.W. (2004). Coral radiocarbon records of Indian Ocean water mass mixing and wind-induced upwelling along the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia,  Journal of Geophysical Research  109, C05003, doi:10.1029/2003JC002087

Abram N.J ., Gagan M.K., McCulloch M.T., Chappell J. and Hantoro W.S. (2003). Coral reef death during the 1997 Indian Ocean Dipole linked to Indonesian wildfires,  Science  301, 952-955, doi:10.1126/science.1083841 . Funding support from DP0342017.

Abram N.J ., Webster J.M., Davies P.J. and Dullo W-C. (2001). Biological response of coral reefs to sea surface temperature variation: Evidence from the raised Holocene reefs at Kikai-jima (Ryukyu Islands, Japan), Coral Reefs , 20, 221-234, doi:10.1007/s003380100163

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Six anu researchers elected to the australian academy of science.

Six extraordinary researchers from The Australian National University (ANU) have been acknowledged for their outstanding contribution to science.

Professor Kylie Catchpole, Professor Nerilie Abram, Professor Andrew Blakers, Professor Hrvoje Tkalčić, Professor Mark Krumholz and Professor Shahar Mendelson have been elected Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science.

Each of these researchers, elected by their peers, are among the most distinguished scientists in Australia.

Professor Catchpole’s work focuses on next generation technologies that will accelerate the efficiency and development of solar energy .

“We are at the beginning of the biggest transition in the way we use energy since the industrial revolution,” Professor Catchpole said.

“We need to design future energy systems that are affordable, decarbonised, resilient to extreme events, and fair to consumers.”

Professor Nerilie Abram’s multidisciplinary approach to understanding the behaviour of Earth’s climate system has changed the way we think about human-induced climate change.

She is working with natural recorders of the Earth’s climate, including Antarctic ice layers and tropical coral skeletons, to build a more complete understanding of our climate.

“Through science, I’ve been able to turn my wonder for the natural world into a career that has taken me to spectacular places and gives me a sense of purpose in helping the world respond to climate change,” Professor Abram said.

Professor Hrvoje Tkalčić has helped us better understand the Earth’s interior, especially the inner core . His research also uses global seismology and mathematic geophysics tools to improve our knowledge of the internal structure of other planets, too.

“Australia’s national interest extends beyond our national borders and our own planet’s boundaries,” Professor Tkalčić said.

“Our children will inherit a world where Australia’s expertise in global and planetary geophysics unlocks resources and confronts global challenges.”

Professor Andrew Blakers’ valuable contributions to solar energy and helping the global economy decarbonise have also been recognised.

Astrophysicist Professor Mark Krumholz is a world leader in the study of star formation. He has contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms that control the rates at which galaxies form stars, and the way stars cluster in space and time.

Professor Shahar Mendelson’s work has led to ground-breaking progress in the field of theoretical data science. He has used his discoveries to solve fundamental questions in machine learning, signal processing and statistics.

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Professor Joan Leach, Dr Ed Simpson and Dr Rod Lamberts were appointed to an Advisory Panel to assist the Academy in developing a decade-long plan that will illustrate how science can progress the interests and ambitions of our nation.

The full details of the 2024 Australian Academy of Science Fellows are available on the Australian Academy Science website .

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40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 21 May 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy , materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

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