verbal communication essay

What Is Verbal Communication?

“Man is by nature a social animal,” the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote more than 2,000 years ago. And communication…

“Man is by nature a social animal,” the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote more than 2,000 years ago.

And communication lies at the heart of all social relationships.

From the time you enter this world, you start communicating. Your first cry is your first attempt at verbal communication. And as you start growing, you find newer ways of communication. You learn to form words and sentences to communicate.

This is the beginning of verbal communication.

What Is Verbal Communication?

Characteristics of verbal communication, types of verbal communication, advantages of verbal communication.

Verbal communication means effectively presenting your thoughts in verbal format i.e., by talking. Verbal communication skills are essential in the world of business. Be it a weekly meeting or presentation to stakeholders, the importance of verbal communication is unparalleled. People always remember a person who speaks clearly, effectively, confidently, and charismatically.

For instance, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs’s speech launching the iPhone is a classic example of brilliant verbal communication that people remember even today. Similarly, many speeches made by former US President Barack Obama are also unforgettable.

A powerful speaker is also able to connect with their audience easily. Like Oprah Winfrey says, “Great communication begins with a connection.”

You too can be a great speaker with practice. Most of us possess the means of verbal communication, what’s important is to recognize how to maximize them. Read on to learn more about its distinct characteristics.

Before we explore the various defining features of verbal communication, let’s look at its primary form. Verbal communication is oral in nature. Oral communication encompasses various activities such as talking, laughing or listening. We often navigate different emotional situations through oral forms of communication.

We also have written communication that includes script, alphabets, acronyms, logos and graphics. To interpret written messages, everyone involved must understand the code (e.g., the language). This is different from verbal or spoken communication.

There are several characteristics that are specific to verbal communication, namely:

The message being communicated is directly or indirectly related to an object

We use concepts to communicate messages

The content should be understood by both the sender and receiver

Cultural factors influence the content of messages

While communicating emotions and feelings, a sender’s state of mind influences the content of messages

Even though we talk to our friends, family and coworkers on a regular basis, we may not always be aware of how we’re communicating. Mastering the art of verbal communication will help you in more ways than one. Let’s explore different types of verbal communication and how your audience factors into it.

Verbal communication goes beyond words, sounds and languages. You need to know your audience to talk to them better. Remember that you can follow the Pyramid Principle and start with your main argument and then follow up with supporting statements. You can classify verbal communication into four types based on your audience.

Intrapersonal Communication

This is your private verbal communication channel. You talk to yourself and articulate your thoughts. Communicating with yourself will give you more confidence and clarity in your thoughts. It’ll help you make up your mind, form your sentences, find suitable words and effective ways to connect with other people. This will help you gain your colleagues’ trust in the workplace.

Interpersonal Communication

You can also call this one-to-one verbal communication. This type of communication happens between two individuals. It helps you understand if you’re getting your thoughts across clearly. Reactions, responses and verbal and nonverbal cues from the other person will help you understand whether you’re being understood or not. Make sure that you listen to the other person intently. Communication doesn’t just mean to talk to someone. It’s also about listening. So, listen, think and then respond. Take time to think and make sure you don’t offend people with your response.

Small Group Communication

The number of people increases in small group communication. You move from communicating with a single participant to a few more. These small groups could be team meetings, board meetings or sales meetings. The number of participants is small enough for everyone to communicate with each other. When you attend small group meetings, be prepared with a topic to make sure you stay on track. Stay on topic and allow enough time for everyone to present their thoughts.

Public Communication

You may also know this type as ‘ public speaking ’. Here, an individual addresses a large number of people at once. Speeches, election campaigns and presentations are a few examples of public communication. Since the number of people in the audience is larger in this type of communication, be sure to use words and phrases they’ll understand easily and structure your thoughts before addressing the audience. The more prepared you are, the more confident you’ll feel like a public speaker.

Verbal communication is a broad topic. There are various elements that help us organize our thoughts around it. They are:

When you express yourself your tone determines the message to be interpreted. For example, you can be saying something nice but if your tone is a sarcastic tone, the message will be conveyed differently. Your tone makes a huge difference to your speech.

The pace at which you speak is important as it determines the reaction of your audience. You may have attended lectures or webinars where people speaking slowly and softly can get boring. Similarly, it may be difficult to understand someone speaking at a rapid pace.

Volume ranges from a whisper to a scream. The volume at which you talk can convey various meanings. For example, if you whisper into someone’s ears in the presence of multiple people, it can be misconstrued as something negative. On the other hand, screaming while someone is talking is rude. Always monitor your volume depending on the social context you’re in.

Additionally, language, grammar and vocabulary are critical aspects of verbal communication. An erroneous message to a hiring manager, for example, can make or break your career opportunity. This is why verbal communication is a critical skill for success in professional settings as well. Effective communication helps with decision-making and increases collaboration in teams. Let’s look at the benefits of different types of verbal communication.

Verbal communication is one of the most important mediums of communication. The stronger your communication skills are, the easier it is for you to establish trust and build lasting relationships with others. Here are some benefits of strong verbal communication skills:

It provides complete understanding and there’s room to clarify any messages that may have been misunderstood

It’s one of the fastest modes of communication and is time-efficient

There is space for providing feedback, which allows two or more people to engage in a conversation at the same time

It allows speakers to exercise influence and persuade listeners to agree with ideas, thoughts and opinions

It’s flexible, that is, you can change your language and tone depending on the situation you’re in or the relationship you share with an individual

In short, verbal communication is one of the most reliable methods of communication. Its benefits apply to the world of work as well. Let’s look at the various ways in which strong verbal communication skills can be beneficial for professionals:

Building Relationships

Verbal communication allows you to build strong interpersonal relationships. It’s easier when you find like-minded people who share similar interests, ideas and outlooks. This further encourages you to cooperate, collaborate and engage in teamwork.

Persuading Someone

In professional settings, you need to exert a certain amount of influence to get things going. For example, if you want your coworkers to join your project, you need to be able to convince them first. Even in brainstorming sessions, you need to be able to convince others of your ideas and perspectives.

Bringing Clarity

As verbal communication enables feedback, you can provide clarity to your message by repeating yourself. For example, in conflicts or arguments, you can repeat your message so that there’s no room for ambiguity.

Improving Productivity

With proper communication in place, you can communicate effectively with team members and people across the organization. Well-established relationships enhance the process, allowing you to cooperate and collaborate quickly. Group discussions and teamwork maximize output, therefore increasing productivity.

Increasing Motivation

Verbal communication plays a crucial role in providing feedback and recognizing individual effort. Whether it’s a congratulatory speech or email, words of support and appreciation boosts confidence levels. If you’re a manager, don’t miss the opportunity to celebrate your team’s success and efforts. Not only will they get encouraged to do better, but it also cements your relationship with them.

Therefore, effective verbal communication opens up a two-way street that allows individuals to interact, engage and collaborate with each other, improving organizational efficiency and productivity. On an individual level, it helps you become more confident and a well-rounded professional.

Harappa offers two courses to build your communication skills— Writing Proficiently and Speaking Effectively . They’ll help you break the barriers and connect with your colleagues and the people around you. With key frameworks like the Pyramid Principle and PAM (Purpose-Audience-Message), you’ll learn how to communicate with impact.

Explore blogs on topics such as effective communication , the 7 barriers of communication , types of nonverbal communication , the different types of communication , and verbal and nonverbal communication on Harappa Diaries to make your world of work better.

36 Verbal Communication Examples

verbal communication examples and definition

Verbal communication is the process of transmitting information to other people using language. It is the exchange of concepts, emotions, and knowledge with the help of voice or spoken word.

It can take many forms, including face-to-face conversations, phone calls, video calls, public speeches, presentations, and interviews.

Verbal communication can be aimed at a person or a particular group (or even not have a specific addressee). Still, in any case, it has a dialogic character and represents constant communicative acts.

For example, a teacher and student exchange information in a classroom setting, or two friends discuss their day together.

In general, verbal communication is a vital component of human communication and is essential for building relationships, sharing information, and expressing emotions.

Verbal Communication Definition

Verbal communication is the transfer of information during any interaction using signs in the form of language communication. It may consist of words, tones, and non-verbal sounds.

Verbal communication is essential to foster human connection and social interaction . In the uncertainty reduction theory , it’s cited as a vital means of communication for increasing trust.

Whether it’s over the phone, face-to-face, or via other media, comprehending and expressing thoughts, emotions, and messages is a powerful approach to making relationships work.

According to Taylor and colleagues (2022),

“…verbal communication depends on language or a prescribed way of using words so that people can share information effectively” (p. 115).

It involves the use of complex neural mechanisms that enable the production, reception, and processing of spoken language.

Marshall and Firth (2018) believe that

“…verbal communication is sending a message through a spoken language that is understood by both the sender and receiver” (p. 76).

Such communication includes facial expressions, intonation, and body language.

This type of communication is essential for maintaining relationships, discussing plans, and understanding each other’s emotions.

In simple terms, verbal communication is the exchange of ideas, thoughts, and emotions through phrases and word choice.

Verbal Communication Examples

Face-to- f ace c onversations : Face-to-face conversations are the most prevalent form of verbal communication, which can happen in any situation—from simply catching up with friends to having a heated debate. It occurs when two or more people directly interact with one another. Whether it be an informal discussion or formal business engagement, it plays an integral role in connecting and exchanging ideas between individuals.
Phone calls : Phone conversations are an exceptionally effective way to communicate, regardless of whether they’re used for personal or professional matters. People can connect quickly with a few words or delve into deep discussions that span hours.
Oral Presentations : Presentations are a form of verbal communication involving one person speaking to a group to inform, educate, or persuade them about a particular topic. For example, a business might have someone give a presentation to new employees about company policies and procedures.
Interviews : Interviews are a useful way to acquire information through verbal exchange, with one party (the interviewer) posing questions and the other providing answers. Job interviews are an ideal example of this kind of discourse.
Public speaking: From lectures to debates, public speaking is an art form that allows one person to reach a large group of people to inform, educate, or persuade them on various topics. It’s an effective way for a single individual to quickly and efficiently make their voice heard among a broad audience.
Group discussions : Group conversations are a powerful way of connecting through words, as it involves multiple minds sharing their perspectives and ideas on a subject or topic. Group talks can be either planned out or spontaneous, and they may take place anywhere from workplaces to classrooms and beyond.
Storytelling : Storytelling is an enthralling mode of communicating through which one individual conveys a narrative to another or a group in order to edutain, teach, or motivate. When it’s done right, storytelling can be immensely powerful and establish strong connections with the listeners on an emotional level.
Debates : Debates are a form of verbal communication in which two or more people present opposing views on a particular topic. It can be used as an educational tool for students or as a way to discuss and resolve conflicts between different groups. So, for example, a debate between two political candidates can help citizens make an informed decision.
Face-to-face negotiations : Negotiations are a prime example of verbal communication that involves two or more parties engaged in discussing and bargaining over any given issue. They can be used for various purposes, including business negotiations, labor negotiations, and diplomatic talks .
Face-to-face Counseling : Counseling is verbal communication involving a trained professional communicating with a client to provide support, guidance, or therapy. Counseling can take various forms, such as individual, group, and family counseling.

List of Additional Examples

Additional key situations in which verbal communication is highly valuable include:

Speaking up in a meeting
Giving a speech to a group of people
Teaching a class
Ordering food at a restaurant
Asking for directions
Giving feedback on a project or assignment
Apologizing for a mistake
Expressing gratitude
Offering condolences
Explaining a concept to someone
Giving directions
Explaining rules or guidelines
Asking for help
Giving instructions
Giving compliments
Providing constructive criticism
Telling a joke
Consoling someone over a cup of tea
Pillow talk between a couple
Discussing a performance review
A quick conversation in the hallway
Sharing ideas or brainstorming with team members
Giving a sales pitch
Explaining company policies
Giving a motivational speech
Expressing love or affection

Effective Verbal Communication Skills

Some common strategies for effectively communicating orally, or what we might call ‘verbal communication skills’ include:

Projecting your voice – Projecting your voice means ensuring your words are heard clearly by all intended listeners. It may also help to establish a sense that you are confident. Soft or mumbling voices are often associated with timidness and uncertainty.
Volume modulation – While projecting your voice is positive, being too loud in the context of the communication environment can come across as aggressive or inappropriate. Modulate your voice so people can clearly hear it, but not so you’re talking over others or making others uncomfortable.
Tone modulation – Tone refers to the manner in which you are speaking. An angry tone might be fast and abrupt while a loving tone might be soft and calm. Modulate your tone to help project your intended message.
Controlling vocal fry – Vocal fry occurs when a person’s voice sounds like it is croaking or it goes up at the end of a sentence (such as when asking a question). By ensuring your voice maintains consistency you can attain an air of confidence and self-control .
Active listening – Listening is a big part of communication. By listening actively (nodding, taking notes, asking strategic clarification questions), what you subsequently say will increase in quality, contribute better to the conversation, and be better received by your interlocutor.
Appropriate humor – Telling jokes is highly contextually dependant and even culturally dependant. Ensure your humor will be taken well by only using it in situations where your audience is receptive. A well-placed joke, however, can calm a room, break the ice, and set the tone for the rest of your conversation.
Strategic pauses – Pausing strategically at the end of a key point can ensure your message gets through and is emphasized. But too much pausing can lead your listeners to boredom.
Encouraging dialogue – Often, people get confused and lost when we are speaking to them. To ensure they are keeping up with our explanations, points, and stories, we should encourage people to ask for clarification and engage in two-way discussion.

Verbal vs. Non-Verbal Communication

While verbal communication involves exchanging words, non-verbal communication is using body language and other visual cues to convey meaning without using words, and is often considered passive communication (Buck & VanLear, 2002).

Verbal communication refers to the use of language, whether written or spoken, to convey meaning between two or more individuals.

Instead of words, nonverbal communication allows people to express themselves in other ways, including facial expressions, body language, tone of voice, and gestures. It means people can communicate even without speaking a single word!

Verbal communication is typically encoded through the use of words, grammar, and syntax and is decoded by the listener through their understanding of the same.

Nonverbal communication is encoded and decoded through facial expressions, gestures, tone of voice, and body language (Taylor et al., 2002).

While verbal communication can vary significantly across different languages and cultures, it is generally more universal than nonverbal communication.

Nonverbal communication can differ greatly depending on cultural norms and can be misinterpreted if people from different cultural backgrounds are involved (Chang, 2015).

Thus, while verbal communication is conveyed through words, sentence structure, and other linguistic cues, nonverbal communication uses facial expressions, postures, and inflections in one’s voice.

Understanding and utilizing both verbal and nonverbal communication effectively can help individuals better convey their messages and build stronger relationships.

Types of Verbal Communication

Based on the audience, verbal communication can be divided into four main categories: intrapersonal communication, interpersonal communication, small group communication, and public communication (Flood & Avillo, 2017).

Each of them has its own distinctive features and can be used to serve a variety of purposes.

1. Intrapersonal Communication

This type of verbal communication is dialogue within an individual. It is a conversation that an individual has with themselves, either silently or – in the case of verbal communication – out loud.

Intrapersonal communication can be a powerful tool for self-reflection and self-evaluation (Flood & Avillo, 2017).

2. Interpersonal Communication

Interpersonal communication refers to sharing ideas, thoughts, and understanding between two or more people. It can occur anywhere – be it a conversation between friends, a debate among coworkers, or even negotiations between business associates.

Interpersonal communication relies on verbal cues such as tone, words, and inflection, as well as nonverbal cues such as facial expressions and body language (Flood & Avillo, 2017).

Examples of interpersonal skills include patience, consultation, mediation, tolerance, cooperation, and cultural competence .

3. Small Group Communication

Small group communication is an invaluable tool for not just brainstorming and problem-solving but also for making informed decisions that are based on varied perspectives and insights.

It may include a group of friends, colleagues, or classmates discussing topics related to their interests (Flood & Avillo, 2017).

4. Public Communication

Public speaking is widely known and practiced in today’s world. It involves one person addressing an expansive audience with speeches, rallies, presentations, or similar events.

This form of communication has been used to propel political campaigns, motivate soldiers during wartime and convey important messages for centuries (Flood & Avillo, 2017).

Public communication relies on the speaker’s ability to engage the audience through verbal cues such as tone, pace, and inflection, as well as nonverbal cues such as gestures and facial expressions.

Strengths of Verbal Communication

Verbal communication is a powerful tool that can be used to build relationships, resolve conflicts, and share ideas (Kimathi, 2014).

It allows for rich communication because people can usually It has the following advantages:

Clarity : Verbal communication allows for clear and direct expression of ideas, thoughts, and feelings. It provides the opportunity to articulate specific messages precisely and accurately, making it easier for others to understand and respond to them.
Feedback : With instant feedback, both the speaker and listener can ensure they have a shared understanding of the message.
Emotion : Verbal communication has the potential to convey emotions effectively, such as enthusiasm and sincerity, through subtle yet meaningful changes in tone of voice, inflection points, and emphasis.
Adaptability : Its versatility allows it to be customized for any audience, making it a useful communication vehicle whether one needs to persuade, instruct or negotiate with someone.
Creativity : Expressing oneself verbally has the potential to be an enriching experience, allowing people access to a world of figurative language and literary devices that can craft messages in ways both creative and memorable.

Weaknesses of Verbal Communication

Like any other form of communication, verbal communication also has its share of drawbacks, such as common misunderstandings and misinterpretations (Kimathi, 2014).

It has the following disadvantages:

Misinterpretation : Verbal communication is highly subjective and open to interpretation, which can lead to misunderstandings. It can be due to a lack of clarity in the message itself and misunderstandings or miscommunications in tone and body language.
Memory : Verbal communication is temporary and can be difficult to remember accurately. It can be especially problematic when important details or instructions are being communicated.
Distractions : Verbal exchange can often be disrupted by external interruptions, ambient noise, or distractions that vie for attention. Consequently, sustaining interest and engaging in a productive discussion can become difficult.
Inefficiency : For large groups or when discussing intricate facts and figures, verbal communication can be difficult. It’s tiring, ineffective, and does not always provide the most accurate data representation.

Verbal communication is a fundamental part of human dialogue, allowing people to share their ideas, emotions, and knowledge with one another.

It can take on several forms ranging from direct conversations to phone calls or video chats to public speeches and interviews.

Verbal communication is crucial in building relationships, sharing information, and expressing emotions.

Verbal communication requires exchanging words, while nonverbal communication employs body language and additional visual cues to express meaning without speaking.

Both methods of interaction are pivotal for effective human contact, and recognizing the advantages and shortcomings of each can result in successful conversations.

Understanding the different types of verbal communication and how they are used can help individuals become more effective communicators and build stronger relationships in all areas of their lives.

Buck, R., & VanLear, C. A. (2002). Verbal and nonverbal communication: Distinguishing symbolic, spontaneous, and pseudo-spontaneous nonverbal behavior. Journal of Communication , 52 (3), 522–541. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02560.x

Chang, Y. (2015). Cultural norms and nonverbal communication: An illustration. Communication Teacher , 29 (4), 191–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2015.1057749

Flood, E., & Avillo, A. (2017). Full-contact leadership . Pennwell, Fire Engineering Books & Video.

Kimathi, T. (2014). Advantages and disadvantages of oral/verbal communication and written communication . GRIN Verlag.

Marshall, M., & Firth, S. (2018). AQA GCSE (9-1) psychology . Hodder Education.

Taylor, C., Lillis, C., & Lynn, P. (2022). Skills checklist for fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of person-centered nursing care . Wolters Kluwer.

Viktoriya Sus (MA)

Viktoriya Sus is an academic writer specializing mainly in economics and business from Ukraine. She holds a Master’s degree in International Business from Lviv National University and has more than 6 years of experience writing for different clients. Viktoriya is passionate about researching the latest trends in economics and business. However, she also loves to explore different topics such as psychology, philosophy, and more.

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Verbal communication: an Introduction

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Verbal Communication

Functions of verbal communication.

Our existence is intimately tied to the communication we use, and verbal communication serves many functions in our daily lives. We use verbal communication to define reality, organize, think, and shape attitudes.

Case In Point

Being able to communicate effectively through verbal communication is extremely important. No matter what you plan to do as a career, effective verbal communication helps you in all aspects of your life. Former President Bush was often chided (and even chided himself) for the verbal communication mistakes he made. Here is a list of his “Top 10” according to About.com.

10) “Families is where our nation finds hope, where wings take dream.” —LaCrosse, Wis., Oct. 18, 2000

9) “I know how hard it is for you to put food on your family.” —Greater Nashua, N.H., Jan. 27, 2000

8) “I hear there’s rumors on the Internets that we’re going to have a draft.” —second presidential debate, St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 8, 2004

7) “I know the human being and fish can coexist peacefully.” —Saginaw, Mich., Sept. 29, 2000

6) “You work three jobs? … Uniquely American, isn’t it? I mean, that is fantastic that you’re doing that.” —to a divorced mother of three, Omaha, Nebraska, Feb. 2005

5) “Too many good docs are getting out of the business. Too many OB-GYNs aren’t able to practice their love with women all across this country.” —Poplar Bluff, Mo., Sept. 6, 2004

4) “They misunderestimated me.” —Bentonville, Ark., Nov. 6, 2000

3) “Rarely is the questioned asked: Is our children learning?” —Florence, S.C., Jan. 11, 2000

2) “Our enemies are innovative and resourceful, and so are we. They never stop thinking about new ways to harm our country and our people, and neither do we.” —Washington, D.C., Aug. 5, 2004

1) “There’s an old saying in Tennessee — I know it’s in Texas, probably in Tennessee — that says, fool me once, shame on — shame on you. Fool me — you can’t get fooled again.” —Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 17, 2002

Verbal communication helps us define reality. We use verbal communication to define everything from ideas, emotions, experiences, thoughts, objects, and people (Blumer). Think about how you define yourself. You may define yourself as a student, employee, son/daughter, parent, advocate, etc. You might also define yourself as moral, ethical, a night-owl, or a procrastinator. Verbal communication is how we label and define what we experience in our lives. These definitions are not only descriptive, but evaluative. Imagine you are at the beach with a few of your friends. The day starts out sunny and beautiful, but the tides quickly turn when rain clouds appeared overhead. Because of the unexpected rain, you define the day as disappointing and ugly. Suddenly, your friend comments, “What are you talking about, man? Today is beautiful!” Instead of focusing on the weather, he might be referring to the fact that he was having a good day by spending quality time with his buddies on the beach, rain or shine. This statement reflects that we have choices for how we use verbal communication to define our realities. We make choices about what to focus on and how to define what we experience and its impact on how we understand and live in our world.
Verbal communication helps us organize complex ideas and experiences into meaningful categories. Consider the number of things you experience with your five primary senses every day. It is impossible to comprehend everything we encounter. We use verbal communication to organize seemingly random events into understandable categories to make sense of our experiences. For example, we all organize the people in our lives into categories. We label these people with terms like, friends, acquaintances, romantic partners, family, peers, colleagues, and strangers. We highlight certain qualities, traits, or scripts to organize outwardly haphazard events into meaningful categories to establish meaning for our world.
Verbal communication helps us think. Without verbal communication, we would not function as thinking beings. The ability most often used to distinguish humans from other animals is our ability to reason and communicate. With language, we are able to reflect on the past, consider the present, and ponder the future. We develop our memories using language. Try recalling your first conscious memories. Chances are, your first conscious memories formed around the time you started using verbal communication. The example we used at the beginning of the chapter highlights what a world would be like for humans without language. In the 2011 Scientific American article, “How Language Shapes Thought,” the author, Lera Boroditsky, claims that people “rely on language even when doing simple things like distinguishing patches of color, counting dots on a screen or orienting in a small room: my colleagues and I have found that limiting people’s ability to access their language faculties fluently–by giving them a competing demanding verbal task such as repeating a news report, for instance–impairs their ability to perform these tasks.” This may be why it is difficult for some people to multitask – especially when one task involves speaking and the other involves thinking.
Verbal communication helps us shape our attitudes about our world. The way you use language shapes your attitude about the world around you. Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf developed the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis to explain that language determines thought. People who speak different languages, or use language differently, think differently (Whorf; Sapir; Mandelbaum; Maxwell; Perlovsky; Lucy; Simpson; Hussein). The argument suggests that if a native English speaker had the exact same experiences in their life, but grew up speaking Chinese instead of English, their worldview would be different because of the different symbols used to make sense of the world. When you label, describe, or evaluate events in your life, you use the symbols of the language you speak. Your use of these symbols to represent your reality influences your perspective and attitude about the world. So, it makes sense then that the more sophisticated your repertoire of symbols is, the more sophisticated your world view can be for you. While the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is highly respected, there have been many scholarly and philosophical challenges to the viewpoint that language is what shapes our worldview. For example, Agustin Vicente and Fernando Martinez-Manrique did a study regarding the “argument of explicitness,” which has two premises. The first premise is that “the instrument of thought must be explicit” in order for thought and language to be connected; the second is that natural languages – languages that humans can learn cognitively as they develop – are not explicit (Vicente and Martinez-Manrique, 384). The authors conclude that thoughts “demand a kind of completeness and stability of meaning that natural language sentences, being remarkably underdetermined, cannot provide” (Vicente and Martinez-Manrique, 397). It makes sense that something as arbitrary and complicated as the connection between thought and language is still being debated today.

While we have overly-simplified the complexities of verbal communication for you in this chapter, when it comes to its actual use—accounting for the infinite possibilities of symbols, rules, contexts, and meanings—studying how humans use verbal communication is daunting. When you consider the complexities of verbal communication, it is a wonder we can communicate effectively at all. But, verbal communication is not the only channel humans use to communicate. In the next chapter we will examine the other most common channel of communication we use: nonverbal communication.

Survey of Communication Study. Authored by : Scott T Paynton and Linda K Hahn. Provided by : Humboldt State University. Located at : https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study . License : CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike

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Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

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'verbal communication' can also refer to...

verbal communication

Quick reference.

Human interaction through the use of words, or messages in linguistic form. Colloquial usage refers to speech (oral communication), especially face-to-face, but academic usage includes mediated forms, written communication, and sometimes sign language. Logically, as distinguished from nonverbal communication, though in much communication these are complementary modes.

From: verbal communication in A Dictionary of Media and Communication »

Subjects: Media studies

Sample Essay On Verbal Communication

Type of paper: Essay

Topic: Communication , Context , Culture , Face , Body Language , United States , America , Cultures

Published: 07/14/2021

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Verbal communication refers to spoken or speech communication for exchange of information between individuals and groups. The different forms of verbal communication are face-to-face encounters, live radio and television conversations and audio discussions on telephone, Skype, Viber, WhatsApp and other media. I would like to specifically talk about face-to-face communication style in USA. However, it should be emphasized that face-to-face spoken communication could not be isolated with non-verbal communication such as eye contact, greeting, dress appearance, body language, clothing, distance, postures and gestures. For instance, the aspect of reinforcement is also evaluated through words of encouragement and motivation during a spoken communication session.

Spoken communication in USA should be more direct and open because it is a low-context culture where people expect clarity of opinions, information and meeting purpose instead of assuming the other person to infer. Secondly, there is no discrimination among genders; therefore, it is expected that males and females could openly interact as compared to several high context cultures where spoken communication between opposite sexes is not acceptable such as in Asia, Middle East and other conservative cultures. Third, the spoken communication moves ahead positively when both parties exchange information in a calm voice tone while maintaining direct eye contact simultaneously in USA. The non-verbal cues such as body language, dress, gestures and postures also create an impression on other people during the verbal communication especially negotiations because they indicate credibility, maturity level, preparedness, interest and reliability. For instance, the American verbal style is expressive even in public places as compared to high-context societies where public remains humble and modest. Next, the art of listening is extremely important during verbal communication because a good speaker is also expected to showcase oneself a good listener. Intolerance for other person’s speech and discussion badly affect oral communication in both low and high-context cultures.

Undoubtedly, I would prefer and embrace the primary cultural aspects that shape etiquettes for verbal communication in USA because it fosters freedom of speech and expression to both sexes. For example, the negotiation team in USA allows participation of both sexes because of low-context culture as compared to Saudi Arabia, UAE, Japan and other high-context cultures where female representation is zero. Next, the male members avoid face-to-face speech and eye contact with female members of society because it is considered as a social taboo in high-context environments. The support for U.S. verbal communication style is absolutely permissible; however, the researcher also truly respects the cultural differences and communication patterns of other regions as true obligation in a globalized socio-economic environment.

For instance, the Americans regard “Time is Money” that also impacts spoken communication and makes it more direct and objective-related irrespective of any relationship between two individuals. In contrast, the high-context cultures are more relationship and people-oriented; therefore, the individuals also dedicate most of their time on discussions about country, economy, politics, arts, literature, family, education, personal life experiences, customs and traditions. The focused objective-based verbal communication takes place only after the two parties have developed reasonable personal understanding and ascertained that they have mutual respect so could trust each other for further interactions and business relationship. Finally, the global communication patterns have been changing because of greater cross-cultural training that has created a reasonable mid-point between high-context and low-context individuals in verbal communication.

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Verbal and Nonverbal Communication, Essay Example

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Through long years of development, humanity has worked out the combined system of communication, that enables people to interact and transfer information either through verbal or nonverbal way.

Verbal communication founds on the use of language, which is defined by prominent linguist Sapir as “purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols” (Sapir,2007, p.17).

Evidently, spoken language remains the most wide-spread and universal way of rendering information. Therefore, it is the most examined method of language; each road sign conveys specific meaning (“roadwork” or “overtaking prohibited”). Words in their entity serve the chief elements of communication. All the signs accepted in society may be translated by means of communication; their precise meaning becomes clear through the system of verbal and nonverbal devices. The latter affirm, doubt, and justify what is said. The speaker shows ironic or sarcastic attitude to the word by corresponding intonation solely.

Nonverbal communication plays a significant part in information exchange and provides effective personal self-expression because most part of information man receives through the visual channel. Researchers identify kinesics (messages sent by the body and face), paralanguage (voice characteristics: pitch, volume, pace), chronemics (connected with status and punctuality), proxemics (distance between communicators), olfactics (acceptable or unacceptable scents).

Nonverbal codes are considered more reliable and honest in comparison with verbal means because of their less conscious and controlled character.

There are similar expressive movements for different cultures. According to Hindle, “one of the expressions people of different cultures may produce when angry is characterized by opening the corners of the mouth in a particular way and by frowning…, clenching the fists, stamping on the ground and even hitting at objects” (Hindle,1972, p. 299).

Cultural differences in communication codes are object of study for many modern researches. Albert Mehrabian claims that first attempts to identify “the differences encountered during an interaction between members of different cultures” were done by Hall in 1959 (Mehrabian, 2009, p. 6).

One gesture may have different meanings in different cultures. Nodding for “yes” in most countries means “no” in Bulgaria; and vice versa for “not”. Acceptable in one culture may be supposed offensive in another. Indians break bread with right hand solely because the left hand is connected with toilet functions.

Interpersonal space plays a significant part of the process of communication. The attitude of the addressee towards the speaker changes if the comfortable distance is broken. Scientists pay attention to gender related traditions in various countries. In Islamic and Asian cultures touch to the opposite gender person may be considered offend or sexual infringement; in European culture touch of close friends is an ordinary expressive gesture. Shaking hands, men greet each other; this gesture is not adopted among women.

In the process of communication, people belonging to one ethnicity or social group create believes, myths, values. Thus, words bear cultural information revealing distinctions in the spoken language, as well. Ignorance of relevant nuances hampers from understanding a foreign culture. As a rule, notions of this kind are translated through explanation (national heroes, holidays, dishes, historical events etc). Thus, words are not only the signs which identify notions.

The unity of verbal and nonverbal devices enables effective communication. Learning major accepted and forbidden things of the culture you are going to interact with may be helpful to avoid misunderstanding.

Hindle, R. A. (1972). Non-verbal Communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mehrabian, A. (2009). Nonverbal Communication. New Jersey: Aldine Transaction.

Sapir, E.(2007). Language: an Introduction into the Study of Speech. BiblioBazaar.

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Essay on Importance of Communication for Students and Children

500+ words essay on importance of communication:.

Communication is one of the important tools that aid us to connect with people. Either you are a student or a working professional, good communication is something that will connect you far ahead. Proper communication can help you to solve a number of issues and resolve problems. This is the reason that one must know how to communicate well. The skills of communication essential to be developed so that you are able to interact with people. And able to share your thoughts and reach out to them. All this needs the correct guidance and self-analysis as well.

Meaning of Communication

The word communication is basically a process of interaction with the people and their environment . Through such type of interactions, two or more individuals influence the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes of each other.

Such interactions happen through the exchange of information through words, gestures, signs, symbols, and expressions. In organizations, communication is an endless process of giving and receiving information and to build social relationships.

Importance of Communication

Communication is not merely essential but the need of the hour. It allows you to get the trust of the people and at the same time carry better opportunities before you. Some important points are as follows –

Help to Build Relationships

No matter either you are studying or working, communication can aid you to build a relationship with the people. If you are studying you communicate with classmates and teachers to build a relationship with them. Likewise in offices and organizations too, you make relationships with the staff, your boss and other people around.

Improve the Working Environment

There are a number of issues which can be handled through the right and effective communication. Even planning needs communication both written as well as verbal. Hence it is essential to be good in them so as to fill in the communication gap.

Foster strong team

Communication helps to build a strong team environment in the office and other places. Any work which requires to be done in a team. It is only possible if the head communicates everything well and in the right direction.

Find the right solutions

Through communication, anyone can find solutions to even serious problems. When we talk, we get ideas from people that aid us to solve the issues. This is where communication comes into play. Powerful communication is the strength of any organization and can help it in many ways.

Earns more respect

If your communication skills are admirable, people will love and give you respect. If there is any problem, you will be the first person to be contacted. Thus it will increase your importance. Hence you can say that communications skills can make a big change to your reputation in society.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Don’t Go Overboard With Your Point

The conversation is about to express your thoughts. And to let the other person know what you feel. It is not mean to prove that your point is correct and the other person is wrong. Don’t Overboard other With Your Point.

Watch Your Words

Before you say something to Watch Your Words. At times, out of anger or anxiousness, we say somethings that we must not say. Whenever you are in a professional meeting or in some formal place, where there is a necessity of communicating about your product or work then it is advised to practice the same beforehand

Communication is the greatest importance. It is important to sharing out one’s thoughts and feelings to live a fuller and happier life. The more we communicate the less we suffer and the better we feel about everything around. However, it is all the more necessary to learn the art of effective communication to put across ones point well.

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Comparison of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

Communication is an instrumental tool which facilitates effective interaction among individuals. Although it is vital in improving interpersonal relationships, most people take it for granted and fail to enhance their communication skills. It can be either verbal or nonverbal, and the type used to exchange information or ideas is influenced by various factors, including the parties involved as well as the environment. Verbal communication involves the conveyance of a message using oral or written words. Conversely, nonverbal communication uses body language to send a particular message. While verbal and nonverbal communications involve transferring and receiving information and are not connected to the brain, they are significantly different in such features as structure, miscommunication, continuousness, and distance and time.

Verbal communication develops differently in various cultures and is structured while nonverbal communication is not. Verbal communication is regulated by grammar rules to ensure that the conveyed message is clear (Wahyuni 80). This aspect of specific pattern of communication is vital since it guarantees a similar understanding of a particular message among the individuals using the same language. Conversely, nonverbal communication lacks a definite array of conveying a message. It has no guiding rules, and one can interpret the sent information according to their wish. Nevertheless, nonverbal communication has an instrumental role in supporting verbal communication to enhance meaning of sent information.

The chances of miscommunication in verbal communications are significantly lower than in nonverbal communication. Notably, every word used in verbal communication has a specific meaning, minimizing the possibility of being misinterpreted. The intended message significance is preserved even when words are translated into other languages. Conversely, there are numerous facial expressions which people can make using muscles in their faces. The lexes depend on how someone responds to a particular stimulus. Additionally, there are types of nonverbal communications whose meaning varies from one culture to another (Wahyuni 82). For instance, avoiding direct eye contact when speaking to an older person is a sign of respect in some cultures, but it can be interpreted as a person being shy. Therefore, the likelihoods of misinterpreting nonverbal communication are high, mainly when cultural background differs.

The chances of miscommunication depending on situations and places are also lower in verbal communication than in nonverbal communication. Whereas one receives immediate feedback when using verbal communication, it is impossible in nonverbal communication because it takes some time to show the emotions (Wahyuni 82). Indeed, an individual has to process the meaning of a message conveyed verbally before responding nonverbally. The tone of verbal communication minimizes the possibility of miscommunication in different situations, even when someone is playacting. However, miscommunication can be inevitable in various places, such as Asia and the United States because of varying cultures. Nevertheless, misunderstanding of nonverbal communication does not occur in all situations. Thus, verbal communication is easily influenced by social as well as cultural factors.

Distance is insignificant in verbal communication, and it takes a short period of time to convey a message, contrary to nonverbal communication. People use different means of sending information such as phone calls, letters, and chats to transmit messages. The distance does not matter even though one has to choose the medium wisely to guarantee effective communication. However, long-distance inhibits nonverbal communication, requiring individuals’ face-to-face interaction to show and receive a particular message. Additionally, it is time consuming compared to verbal communication. One can take time to receive and interpret nonverbal messages before giving appropriate feedback. Therefore, verbal communication is faster, efficient, and convenient regardless of location of involved parties.

Contrary to nonverbal communication, verbal communication has limited continuousness because it is easier for someone to interrupt. It has a starting point when one initiates communication and stops when it is terminated or interrupted. Different factors such as sound and visible movements can interrupt verbal communication. On the other hand, nonverbal communication continues without inference once it is initiated. Nonverbal cues are evident even when individuals have stopped talking. For instance, people smile or laugh after they comment on something good. Therefore, nonverbal communication can endure external elements that interfere with transmission of information.

Despite the differences between nonverbal and verbal communication, their role and usage consistency are similar. Both forms of communication involve sending and receiving messages, regardless of the medium used to transmit information. In most cases, individuals use verbal and nonverbal communication in parallel to guarantee the useful meaning of the anticipated outcomes (Bhat and Kingsley 39). Nonverbal communication has various functions such as reinforcement, regulation, accentuation, and substitution. Moreover, both verbal and nonverbal communication are not inherent because they are learned. People learn how to pronounce words, write well-structured sentences, and use their faces and other parts of the body to convey a meaningful message. Further, they have no direct connection to the brain of individuals. Undeniably, the brain only receives, processes and interprets messages, and generates appropriate feedback. Thus, verbal and nonverbal communications complement each other to enhance the meaning of conveyed messages.

In conclusion, verbal and nonverbal communication differ in structure, miscommunication, continuousness, and distance and time. Verbal communication is regulated by grammar rules, has minimum miscommunication possibilities, is not inhibited by distance, takes a short time, and is quickly interrupted, contrary to nonverbal communication. However, common features associated with verbal and nonverbal communication are that they are not inherent or directly connected to individual’s brain and involve transferring and receiving of information. Additionally, they are used in parallel in most cases, with nonverbal playing the role of reinforcement or accentuation of particular message.

Works Cited

Bhat, B. Vishnu, and Manoj Kumar Kingsley. “Effective Non-Verbal Communication.” Effective Medical Communication , edited by Subhash Chandra Parija and Balachandra V. Adkoli, Springer, 2020, pp. 39–47.

Wahyuni, Akhtim. “The Power of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication in Learning”. Proceedings of the 1St International Conference on Intellectuals’ Global Responsibility (ICIGR 2017) , vol. 125, 2018, pp. 80-83. Web.

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Verbal Communication

Verbal Communication Verbal communication is defined as showing your thoughts through words. Some examples of thoughts are ideas, opinions, directions, dissatisfaction, objections, emotions and pleasures. Verbal communication is more important than written communication. It is a way to communicate to people face-to-face. Sound, words, speaking, and language are some of the key components of verbal communication. It is considered as 25% speaking and 75% listening.

Inside the organization, verbal communication is important because inside, you are dealing with diversity people throughout the day.

You are dealing with people who have different culture, age and different levels of knowledge about the organization. For example, if you are having a conversation with your friend, you will interact with them with a lot of confidence. However, you will have a different way of speaking when talking to a person related to a business.

A person thought will be difficult to express when he or she is talking to a customer who has different culture, much older than him or her, and have a lot of experience in business.

So, it is important to have an accurate skill when using verbal communication when dealing with different people. Acquiring a better verbal communication is not that difficult. A person will just have to be flexible with people no matter what the situation could be. To illustrate, a person is having a speech in front of the audience at work, and he expressed his words through business vocabulary.

However, the audience aren’t familiar with the language you might be using, and his audience will lose their attention to what he is saying, this way he has to change the way he express his thoughts by using words what are more understandable to them.

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Attending a college course that is related to business communication is a way to acquire a better verbal communication. This way, you will be forced to communicate more organized and it will help you to reduce your fear of talking to a big crowd.

Besides taking a class in college, working in organizations that deals with a lot of people can help you to have confidence in speaking in public. Applying the listening and speaking techniques can help you to improve your verbal communication. To have a good verbal communication, you have to learn to listen well because listening is indeed a key to success. When it comes to a good verbal communication, speaking properly must be applied, because you want your listener to listen to your thoughts and you want your audience to understand you.

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Non-Verbal Communication Theory Essay

Introduction, the shopping event, expectancy value model, the theory of planned behaviour, the self-cognitive theory of communication.

Communication is the process of conveying information, which requires the sender of the information, the receiver, and the message to be delivered to the recipient. The process plays an important role in passing of information and interaction between human beings. This can be either verbal or non-verbal and the choice between the two depends on the suitability to the users and the environment.

In nonverbal communication, the use of body language is essential where effectiveness in this type of communication depends on the user’s understanding. This essay analyzes non-verbal communication by looking at the use of body language as well as the actual communication using communication theories basing on observations made.

The communication event took place between a friend who was a customer and a shopping mall attendant in a busy downtown shopping mall where both non-verbal and verbal communications were used for effectiveness. To begin with, the customer walked to the counter and begun addressing the mall attendant and after the attention of the attendant, he pointed to the Corner of the store where different types of shoes were displayed.

He again looked at the shoes that he was wearing and continued talking to the attendant who listened attentively. At one point, the attendant nodded his head and raised his right hand towards the corner where shoes were displayed to confirm that the type of shoe that the customer required was available.

The attendant then left the counter and directed the customer to the position where shoes had been displayed as the customer followed him. The customer then selected the type of shoes he required then went to the counter together with the attendant.

A discussion between the two people followed and it seemed as if there was disagreement between them. Later they reached an agreement and the attendant packed the shoes for the customer. At this point, they smiled at each other and finally the attendant waived his hand to the departing customer.

In any communication, there are expectations from both the sender and the recipient of the message. These expectations determine the behaviour of the two parties and their attitude towards the message. In the observed event, the customer expected the attendant to respond and listen to him carefully while the attendant expected the customer to describe the type, size and the quality of the pair of shoes required.

Expectancy value model therefore apply in the conversation where Palmgreen (1984) states that, “People orient themselves to the world according to their expectations, beliefs and evaluations”. Expectations determine behaviour of a person, which then plays an important role in determining the person’s attitude towards the message or the other person.

Bandura (1986) stated that, from experiences, people are able to plan, which also applies in communication. Getting the attention of the listener is important to the speaker and at the same time, impressing the listener is of equal importance. The speaker avoids a situation whereby the message he or she passes becomes irrelevant or lacks attention.

The theory of planned behaviour suggests that the intention of a person determines his/her behaviour and attitude determines the intention. In the shopping mall communication event the attendant seemed to have a good experience of what the customers’ needed where the attendant gained this experience from interacting with several customers.

On the other hand, the customer seemed to know that the attendant offer useful guidance in the selection process and from his experience, the customer explained the details of the pair of shoes to the attendant accurately expecting him to listen to the details. Pajares (2002) found that, prediction plays an important role in communication and it is a direct consequence of the theory.

In communication, a person predicts the reaction of the other where these predictions are usually on other person’s response, reaction, and choice of words. In the mall conversation, the customer and the attendant sometimes predicted the next action of the other person. For example, when the attendant walked back to the counter, he expected the customer to follow him.

According to Parraga (1990), the environment plays an important role in determining a person’s behaviour and therefore affects communication. Environment determines people’s behaviour, which in turn determines their attitude. Human beings on the other hand have the ability to counter the effects of the environment through self-organization.

Pajares & Schunk (2002) suggested that, “Environments and social systems influence human behaviour through psychological mechanisms of the self system.” The self-cognitive theory of communication suggests that people are proactive and they are able to control their behaviour from effects of the environment.

In the communication event under analysis, the shopping mall had a noisy and a busy environment and this was a determining factor in the communication methods and approach taken. It is however observable that both the customer and the attendant were able to adapt to the environment by being attentive, moving close to each other and using body language.

Bandura, A 1986, Social foundations of thought and action, A social cognitive theory , Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice Hall.

Pajares, F & Schunk 2001, Self-beliefs and school success: Self-efficacy, self-concept, and school achievement, In R. Riding & S, Rayner (Eds.), Self-perception (pp. 239-266), Ablex Publishing, London.

Pajares, F 2002, Overview of social cognitive theory and of self-efficacy , retrieved, November 19, 2011. (MEST) from HTML.

Palmgreen, P 1984, Uses and gratifications, a theoretical perspective. In: Bostrom, R.N. (Ed.), Communication Yearbook 8 (61-72) , Sage Publications, Beverly Hills.

Parraga, I 1990, “Determinants of food consumption”, Journal of American Dietetic Association, 90 : 661-663.

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What Is Verbal Communication?

What Is Verbal Communication?

There are several characteristics that are specific to verbal communication, namely:

Intrapersonal Communication

Interpersonal Communication

Small Group Communication

Public Communication

Building Relationships

Persuading Someone

Bringing Clarity

Improving Productivity

Increasing Motivation

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Verbal vs. Non-Verbal Communication

Types of Verbal Communication

1. Intrapersonal Communication

2. Interpersonal Communication

3. Small Group Communication

4. Public Communication

Strengths of Verbal Communication

Weaknesses of Verbal Communication

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