research topics on public international law

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International Law Guide

International Courts and Tribunals
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Private International Law
Selected Topics in Public International Law

General Guides and Resources for Public International Law

GlobaLex Research guides to international law (by subject) and foreign law (by jurisdiction) from NYU's Hauser Global Law School Program.

ASIL Research Guide to Public International Law An up-to-date guide to treaty and other public international law research with an emphasis on online resources. From the American Society of International Law.

Criminal Law

ASIL Research Guide to International Criminal Law
Research Guides to the International Criminal Courts for the Former Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone From GlobaLex.
Comparative Criminal Procedure: A Selected Bibliography From GlobaLex.
International Criminal Court Legal Tools Provides access to documents important to international criminal law, including treaties, judgments and decisions, summaries of domestic criminal justice systems in many countries including relevant statutes or codes, and commentary on international criminal law and other aspects of international law.

Environmental Law

ECOLEX: A Gateway to Environmental Law
United Nations Environment Programme
ASIL Research Guide to International Environmental Law
A Basic Guide to International Environmental Legal Research From GlobaLex.

Human Rights and Humanitarian Law

UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)
OHCHR Jurisprudence Database Contains recommendations and findings from the various UN human rights committees that consider complaints from individuals.
Refworld UNHCR's comprehensive information source on refugee status includes treaties, legislation and court decisions, as well as information organized by country and topic.
European Court of Human Rights Pending cases, judgments, basic texts and a complete index to all ECHR judgments.
Bayefsky.com: The United Nations Human Rights Treaties
ICRC's Customary International Humanitarian Law Database A free online version of their two-volume publication.
University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
Human Rights Library: Collections on the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and Inter-American Commission on Human Rights From the University of Minnesota.
ESCR-Net Caselaw Database Database of domestic, international, and quasi-judicial cases and decisions on economic, social and cultural rights.
U.S. Department of State - Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
Project Diana: An Online Human Rights Case Archive From Yale Law School.
ASIL Research Guide to International Human Rights
ASIL Research Guide to International Humanitarian Law
International Human Rights Research Guide From GlobaLex.
ICJ E-bulletin on Counter-Terrorism and Human Rights International Commission of Jurist's free monthly publication of legal developments in the fields of counter-terrorism and human rights.

Intellectual Property

WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization
WIPO Lex Collection of intellectual property legislation (in English) from WIPO member countries.
AIPPI - International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property An international NGO devoted to the "the development and improvement of intellectual property." The Questions/Committees section contains country-by-country reports on specific intellectual property law topics.
European Patent Office
U.S. Patent & Trademark Office General information, forms, and a free searchable patent and trademark database.
U.S. Copyright Office Copyright basics, law, forms, and other materials available through the Library of Congress, the entity responsible for copyrights.
ASIL Research Guide to International Intellectual Property Law
IP Precedents Database Database of English translations of precedential domestic court decisions on IP topics; from the Research Center for the Legal System of Intellectual Property.

Law of the Sea

United Nations: Oceans and Law of the Sea
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
International Seabed Authority
UVA Center for Oceans Law & Policy
ASIL Research Guide to Law of the Sea

Trade, Investment or Economic Law

GATT Documents Online From the WTO.
GATT Digital Library From Stanford University.
WorldTradeLaw.net
International Trade Database: Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods From Pace University.
Trans-Lex.org Research platform for transnational commercial law from the Center for Transnational Law, Cologne University, Germany.
SICE - Foreign Trade Information System From the Organization of American States.
United States International Trade Commission
United States Trade Representative
Harmonized Tariff Schedule

ASIL Research Guide to International Economic Law
ASIL Research Guide to International Commercial Arbitration
Research Guide on the Harmonization of International Commercial Law From GlobaLex.

Women's Rights

Women's Human Rights Resources From the University of Toronto.
Women's Human Rights Documents From the University of Minnesota.
Women's Rights Links From the University of Minnesota.
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International Law Research Paper Topics

This page presents a comprehensive collection of international law research paper topics , curated to aid students studying law in their research endeavors. International law is a multifaceted field with diverse areas of study, and this page aims to provide students with an extensive list of topics that can serve as a foundation for their research papers. By exploring these topics, students can delve into various aspects of international law, such as human rights, criminal law, environmental law, trade law, and humanitarian law, among others. This page also offers insights into how to choose compelling international law research paper topics, tips on writing a coherent and impactful paper, and highlights the custom international law research paper writing services provided by iResearchNet. The ultimate goal is to empower students to embark on an enriching and successful academic journey in the realm of international law research.

100 International Law Research Paper Topics

International law encompasses a vast array of subjects, reflecting the intricate and interconnected nature of global affairs. As students of law, exploring these topics can open new horizons and deepen their understanding of how international legal frameworks shape our world. This comprehensive list presents 10 categories, each comprising 10 diverse and thought-provoking international law research paper topics. Whether you are interested in human rights, environmental protection, trade regulations, or armed conflicts, these topics offer a wealth of opportunities for academic exploration and intellectual growth.

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The Universality of Human Rights: A Global Perspective
Human Rights and Armed Conflicts: Challenges and Protections
Gender Equality and Women’s Rights in International Law
The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Promoting Human Rights
Freedom of Speech and Expression in the Digital Age
Human Rights Violations and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
Children’s Rights and Child Protection Laws Internationally
The Right to Asylum: Refugee Protection and International Law
Combating Human Trafficking: International Legal Frameworks
Indigenous Peoples’ Rights and Cultural Heritage Preservation
Climate Change and Global Efforts for Environmental Protection
Biodiversity Conservation and the Convention on Biological Diversity
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Environmental Justice
Transboundary Pollution and International Liability
The Role of International Courts and Tribunals in Environmental Disputes
The Precautionary Principle in International Environmental Law
Oceans Governance and the Protection of Marine Resources
International Agreements on Wildlife Conservation and Endangered Species
Indigenous Peoples and Environmental Rights: Perspectives and Challenges
The Economics of Environmental Protection: Balancing Trade and Conservation
World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Multilateral Trading System
Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Regional Economic Integration
Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) Mechanisms in Trade Agreements
Intellectual Property Rights and International Trade
Trade and Labor Standards: Addressing Social Issues in Global Commerce
Environmental Protection in International Trade: Conflicts and Synergies
Trade Remedies: Anti-dumping, Countervailing, and Safeguard Measures
Trade Liberalization and Economic Development: Case Studies
Cross-Border E-Commerce and Digital Trade Regulations
Challenges of Trade in Services: Legal and Regulatory Perspectives
The International Criminal Court (ICC) and Its Role in Ending Impunity
Prosecuting War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity: Legal Challenges
Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Prosecute
The Evolution of International Criminal Law: From Nuremberg to the ICC
The Principle of Universal Jurisdiction: Holding Perpetrators Accountable
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions in Post-Conflict Societies
The Role of the United Nations in Combating International Crimes
War Criminals and Refugees: The Intersection of Criminal and Migration Law
Cyberwarfare and the Application of International Criminal Law
Combating Terrorism: Legal Approaches and Human Rights Concerns
The Geneva Conventions and the Protection of War Victims
Targeted Killings and Drones: The Legal Challenges of Modern Warfare
The Principle of Proportionality in Armed Conflicts
War Crimes and Accountability in Non-International Armed Conflicts
The Protection of Cultural Property in Armed Conflicts
Autonomous Weapons and the Ethics of Lethal Autonomous Systems (LAS)
The Role of National Courts in Prosecuting War Crimes
The Humanitarian Impact of Economic Sanctions and Trade Embargoes
Children in Armed Conflicts: From Recruitment to Rehabilitation
Humanitarian Assistance and the Challenges of Providing Aid in Conflict Zones
Comparative Constitutional Law: Analyzing Different Legal Systems and Their Impact on Global Governance
The Role of International Law in Shaping Domestic Constitutions
Constitutional Design and State Building in Post-Conflict Societies
Human Rights and Constitutional Protections: Assessing the Impact of International Treaties
Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law: Ensuring Effective Governance in International Relations
Judicial Independence and the Enforcement of Constitutional Rights in International Contexts
The Impact of International Institutions on National Constitutions
The Right to Privacy in the Digital Age: Balancing National Security and Civil Liberties
Federalism and the Division of Powers in Constitutional Design
The Role of Constitutional Courts in Protecting Democratic Principles
Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions: Legal and Regulatory Challenges
International Commercial Arbitration: Enforcement and Recognition of Awards
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Multinational Corporations
Foreign Investment Protection and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs)
International Contract Law and Choice of Law Clauses
Dispute Resolution in International Trade: Litigation vs. Arbitration
Intellectual Property Rights and International Business Transactions
International Trade Law and the World Trade Organization (WTO)
Corporate Governance and Compliance in International Business
Environmental and Social Responsibility in International Business
Double Taxation Treaties: Legal Implications and Challenges
Transfer Pricing and Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS)
Tax Havens and Their Impact on Global Taxation
Taxation of Digital Economy and E-commerce Transactions
Taxation of Multinational Corporations: Fairness and Equity Concerns
Tax Avoidance vs. Tax Evasion: Legal Distinctions and Consequences
Taxation of Foreign Source Income and Territorial vs. Worldwide Tax Systems
Developing Countries and International Taxation: Bridging the Gap
The Role of International Organizations in Shaping Global Tax Policies
Addressing Tax Challenges Arising from the COVID-19 Pandemic
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and Its Implementation
Maritime Boundaries and Dispute Resolution in the South China Sea
Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) and Marine Resource Management
Freedom of Navigation and Maritime Security in the Indian Ocean
Environmental Protection in the High Seas: Addressing Pollution and Overfishing
Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea: Legal Responses and Jurisdictional Challenges
Submarine Cables and Cybersecurity in International Waters
The Role of International Tribunals in Resolving Maritime Disputes
Deep Sea Mining and the Regulation of Exploitation of Marine Resources
Indigenous Rights and Traditional Knowledge in Marine Conservation
Diplomatic Negotiations and Conflict Resolution in International Relations
The Role of Mediation in Resolving International Disputes
International Arbitration: Institutional Frameworks and Best Practices
The Use of Force and Armed Conflict: Legal Perspectives on Peacekeeping
Compliance with International Court Judgments and Decisions
The Settlement of Territorial Disputes: Case Studies and Legal Approaches
The Role of Non-State Actors in International Conflict Resolution
The Legality of Targeted Sanctions and Economic Coercion
The Use of International Courts and Tribunals in Human Rights Disputes
The Role of Regional Organizations in Conflict Mediation and Resolution

In conclusion, the field of international law offers a vast array of research topics that delve into critical global issues, ranging from human rights and environmental protection to trade and business regulations. Scholars and students of law can explore the complexities of international relations, the challenges of cross-border disputes, and the ever-evolving legal frameworks that shape the international community. The comprehensive list of international law research paper topics provided above serves as a starting point for students to delve deeper into their areas of interest and contribute to the understanding and development of international law. Through diligent research and critical analysis, they can further advance the principles of justice, equality, and cooperation on the global stage.

Exploring the Range of International Law Research Paper Topics

International law is a complex and dynamic field that governs the interactions between nations and other actors in the global community. As a crucial component of the global legal system, international law encompasses a diverse range of topics that have significant implications for peace, security, human rights, trade, and cooperation among nations. Researching international law research paper topics offers students a unique opportunity to delve into the intricacies of international relations, diplomatic relations, and the role of international organizations in promoting peace and stability.

The Sources of International Law : This topic explores the various sources of international law, including treaties, customary international law, general principles of law, and decisions of international courts and tribunals. Students can investigate the hierarchy of these sources and their application in resolving disputes between states.
International Human Rights Law : This area of international law deals with the protection and promotion of human rights on a global scale. Research topics may cover issues like the role of international human rights organizations, the enforcement of human rights treaties, and the impact of human rights violations on international relations.
International Humanitarian Law : Also known as the law of armed conflict or the law of war, this branch of international law governs the conduct of parties during armed conflicts. Students can explore topics such as the protection of civilians in armed conflicts, the use of force in self-defense, and the prosecution of war crimes.
International Environmental Law : With growing concerns about climate change and environmental degradation, international environmental law has become increasingly relevant. Research topics may include international agreements on climate change, biodiversity conservation, and the responsibility of states for transboundary environmental harm.
International Criminal Law : This field focuses on the prosecution of individuals for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Students can investigate the role of international criminal tribunals, the challenges of obtaining evidence in international cases, and the pursuit of justice for victims of international crimes.
International Trade Law : International trade is essential for global economic development and cooperation. Research topics in this area may cover international trade agreements, dispute settlement mechanisms in trade disputes, and the impact of trade policies on developing nations.
Law of the Sea : This branch of international law governs the use and protection of the world’s oceans and resources. Students can explore topics such as the rights and responsibilities of states in their maritime zones, the protection of marine biodiversity, and the resolution of disputes over territorial waters.
International Investment Law : As globalization continues to shape economic relationships, international investment law has gained prominence. Research topics may include the regulation of foreign direct investment, investor-state dispute settlement mechanisms, and the balance between investor rights and host state regulatory powers.
International Arbitration and Mediation : International dispute resolution is essential for maintaining peaceful relations among states. Students can explore topics such as the effectiveness of international arbitration and mediation in resolving conflicts, the role of international organizations in facilitating dispute resolution, and the enforcement of arbitral awards.
Cybersecurity and International Law : With the rise of cyber threats and cyber warfare, international law has grappled with issues of cyber sovereignty, cyber espionage, and the application of existing legal principles to cyberspace. Research topics may delve into the challenges of attributing cyber-attacks, the development of international norms for responsible state behavior in cyberspace, and the protection of human rights in the digital age.

In conclusion, international law offers a vast array of research paper topics that reflect the complexities and challenges of the global legal landscape. As students delve into these topics, they gain a deeper understanding of the intricacies of international relations, human rights, trade, and conflict resolution. Exploring the multifaceted nature of international law research allows students to critically analyze the role of law in shaping the conduct of states and the broader international community, fostering a deeper appreciation for the significance of international law in today’s interconnected world.

How to Choose International Law Research Paper Topics

Selecting a compelling and relevant research paper topic is essential to the success of any academic endeavor. In the context of international law, choosing the right research topic requires careful consideration of various factors that can shape the scope and impact of the research. Whether you are a law student, an aspiring international lawyer, or a researcher interested in global legal issues, the following guide provides valuable insights on how to choose international law research paper topics that are engaging, insightful, and contribute meaningfully to the field of international law.

Identify Your Area of Interest : International law is a vast and diverse field encompassing numerous sub-disciplines, including human rights law, environmental law, international trade law, and more. Start by identifying your specific area of interest within international law. Reflect on the subjects that intrigue you the most and the issues you are passionate about. This will serve as the foundation for selecting a research topic that resonates with your academic and professional aspirations.
Stay Abreast of Current Developments : International law is constantly evolving to address contemporary global challenges and opportunities. Keeping up to date with current international legal developments, landmark cases, and significant treaties and agreements can provide valuable inspiration for research topics. Consider exploring emerging issues and debates in the field, as these can offer unique opportunities for original research and innovative insights.
Analyze Relevant Legal Frameworks : International law operates within a complex web of legal frameworks, including treaties, conventions, and customary international law. Analyzing these legal sources can help you identify gaps, contradictions, or areas where further research is needed. Topics that delve into the interpretation and application of international legal instruments can add depth and value to your research.
Consider Timeliness and Relevance : A relevant and timely research topic is more likely to capture the attention of readers and contribute to ongoing discussions in the field. Consider the significance of your chosen topic in the context of current global events, policy debates, or emerging challenges. Topics that address pressing international issues, such as climate change, human rights violations, or cybersecurity threats, can have a significant impact on both academic and policy circles.
Review Existing Literature : Conduct a thorough literature review to understand the existing body of research on your chosen topic. This will help you identify gaps in the literature that you can explore in your research. Additionally, reviewing existing studies can provide insights into the methodologies and approaches used by other researchers, informing your own research design.
Balance Complexity and Feasibility : While it is essential to select a topic that reflects the complexities of international law, it is equally important to ensure that your research is feasible within the scope and limitations of your academic assignment or project. Avoid overly broad or ambitious topics that may be challenging to address comprehensively within the available time and resources.
Consult with Professors and Experts : Seek guidance and advice from your professors, academic advisors, or experts in the field of international law. They can provide valuable insights into potential research topics, relevant literature, and methodologies. Engaging in discussions with experienced scholars can help refine your research question and add depth to your analysis.
Focus on Practical Implications : Consider the practical implications of your research topic in the real world. How might your findings impact international relations, legal practices, or policymaking? Research that offers practical solutions to global challenges or sheds light on pressing legal issues can have a more significant impact on the field of international law.
Address Controversial Issues : International law often involves contentious and complex topics that evoke strong opinions and debates. Embracing controversial issues can lead to thought-provoking research that challenges existing norms and perceptions. However, ensure that you approach such topics with sensitivity and a commitment to unbiased analysis.
Conduct a Preliminary Study : Before finalizing your research topic, conduct a preliminary study to gather relevant information and assess the availability of data and resources. This will help you determine whether your chosen topic is viable and whether you can access the necessary materials to conduct a comprehensive study.

In conclusion, choosing the right international law research paper topic is a critical step in producing a successful and impactful piece of academic work. By identifying your area of interest, staying informed about current developments, analyzing legal frameworks, and considering the timeliness and relevance of your topic, you can select a research question that is both intellectually stimulating and practically significant. Engage with existing literature, seek guidance from experts, and balance the complexity and feasibility of your research to ensure a rewarding and insightful exploration of international law issues.

How to Write an International Law Research Paper

Writing an international law research paper requires careful planning, rigorous research, and a structured approach to presenting your arguments and findings. Whether you are a law student or a seasoned researcher, mastering the art of academic writing in the field of international law is essential to communicate your ideas effectively and contribute to the broader legal discourse. This section provides a comprehensive guide on how to write an international law research paper, from choosing a suitable research question to crafting a well-organized and persuasive paper.

Define Your Research Question : The first step in writing an international law research paper is to define a clear and focused research question. Your research question should be specific, relevant, and aligned with your area of interest within international law. It should address a significant legal issue or gap in the literature and demonstrate your research objectives.
Conduct a Thorough Literature Review : Before diving into your research, conduct a comprehensive literature review to understand the existing scholarship on your chosen topic. This will help you identify key debates, theoretical frameworks, and gaps in the literature that your research can address. A strong literature review serves as the foundation for your research paper and provides context for your study.
Develop a Well-Structured Outline : Organize your research paper with a clear and logical structure. Create an outline that includes an introduction, literature review, methodology, main body sections, analysis of findings, and conclusion. Each section should flow seamlessly into the next, guiding the reader through your research process.
Craft a Compelling Introduction : The introduction sets the tone for your research paper and should capture the reader’s attention. Start with a hook or a thought-provoking question related to your research topic. Provide background information on the issue at hand and clearly state your research question and objectives. Conclude the introduction with a strong thesis statement that outlines the main argument of your paper.
Conduct Rigorous Research : International law research papers require a robust research methodology. Depending on your research question, you may use various methods, such as legal analysis, case studies, empirical research, or comparative analysis. Ensure that you use credible and authoritative sources for your research and cite them properly using the appropriate citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).
Analyze and Present Your Findings : In the main body of your research paper, present your findings and analyze them in-depth. Use a clear and coherent structure to present your arguments and evidence. Use relevant case law, treaties, and legal principles to support your analysis and draw well-reasoned conclusions.
Address Counterarguments : Acknowledge and address counterarguments to your research findings. Demonstrating that you have considered opposing viewpoints and providing a thoughtful rebuttal strengthens the credibility and persuasiveness of your research.
Consider Policy Implications : In international law, research often has practical implications for policymakers and legal practitioners. Discuss the potential policy implications of your findings and offer recommendations for addressing the legal issue at hand. This demonstrates the real-world relevance of your research.
Maintain a Cohesive Writing Style : Use clear and concise language throughout your research paper. Avoid jargon and technical terms that may confuse the reader. Maintain a cohesive writing style, ensuring that each paragraph and section contributes to the overall argument of your paper.
Write a Strong Conclusion : The conclusion is your opportunity to summarize your key findings, restate your thesis statement, and highlight the significance of your research. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion and instead, focus on leaving the reader with a lasting impression of your research’s importance and potential impact.
Edit and Revise : After completing your first draft, take the time to edit and revise your research paper. Check for clarity, coherence, grammar, and proper citation. Consider seeking feedback from peers or professors to gain valuable insights and improve the overall quality of your paper.
Review Formatting and Citations : Ensure that your research paper adheres to the required formatting guidelines, such as font size, margins, and line spacing. Double-check your citations and references to avoid plagiarism and maintain academic integrity.

By following these steps and guidelines, you can craft a well-structured, persuasive, and impactful international law research paper. Remember to approach your research with curiosity and dedication, as it is through thorough exploration and analysis that you can make meaningful contributions to the field of international law.

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research topics on public international law

Public International Law Research

Introduction to Public International Law
U.S. Treaties
Non-U.S. Treaties
United Nations
World Trade Organization
African Union
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Council of Europe
Organization of American States
International Court of Justice
International Criminal Court
African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
European Court of Human Rights
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals

Reference Librarian

Research Guide Overview

Public international law research guide .

"World Flag Map" by Mason Vank. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_Flag_map.png .

Public international law can be generally defined as "the law of nations." It encapsulates a variety of different legal subjects, including diplomatic relations, treaties, international organizations, and customary international law. It largely governs and structures the interactions between nation states and international organizations. In certain instances, public international law can also govern the legal interactions between nation states and individual citizens. It should not be confused with private international law , which is concerned with the conflicts between national laws and determining which national law to apply to specific situations.

This guide provides an overview of the major topics in international law and highlights important resources and research strategies that can be used when researching in this area of the law. This Research Guide is organized into the following sections, each with multiple subsections:

International Organizations

International Courts & Tribunals

African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals

Related Research Guides

The UNC Law Library also provides more in-depth treatment of the following international law topics:

International Humanitarian Law
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Last Updated: Oct 19, 2023 4:42 PM
URL: https://guides.lib.unc.edu/internationallaw

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Public International Law

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Public International Law

Turkiye halk bankasi a.s. v. united states, torture in our schools.

Leila Nadya Sadat

The Promise and Perils of Carbon Tariffs

Chapter Five

Fedotova v. Russia

European Court of Human Rights Holds That Russia Must Give Legal Recognition to Same-Sex Couples

Legal Responses to Black Subordination, Global Perspectives

Kevin E. Davis

The “Prudential Exhaustion” Doctrine in Transnational Litigation in U.S. Courts

United states v. hamidullin.

Fourth Circuit Holds Taliban Member Not Entitled to Combatant Immunity.

Jesner v. Arab Bank, PLC

American courts and the u.n. high commissioner for refugees: a need for harmony in the face of a refugee crisis, bin ali jaber v. united states.

D.C. Circuit Holds Statutory Challenge to Drone Strike is Nonjusticiable.

Public International Law Research - A Brief Guide

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Full-text tools for finding law review articles, index to legal periodicals & books retrospective, finding articles - the peace palace library, legal & non-legal articles - google scholar, is the journal i need at usf.

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Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals - Cheat Sheet Tips for searching for article citations using the Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals

Law review articles, legal essays, and their ilk are extremely useful for finding discussions of narrow issues in international law. They will also cite to relevant treaties and cases, to sources giving evidence of customary law and state practice, and to other scholarship on the issue. The resources described on this page will lead you to articles on the country or topic you are researching.

This guide emphasizes "indexes" — article-finding tools that allow very precise searching but do not themselves contain the full-text of articles. For searching for full-text articles (with tools like HeinOnline's Law Journal Library), and for comparisons of the various article-finding tools, take a look at the Zief Library's Finding Articles research guide.

Law Journal Library - HeinOnline This link opens in a new window Almost complete, full-text coverage of all United States law reviews and journals, in most cases starting with the first volume of the journal and including all but the most recent volume. For search tips, see the cheat sheet . (For current USF students, faculty, and staff.) [If remote access is not working, try this on-campus link for the Law Journal LIbrary .]
Law Reviews & Journals - Westlaw Use the "advanced" search template to boost the relevance of your results.
Law Reviews and Journals - Lexis Advance Use the "Advanced Search" template to boost the relevance of your results.
Nexis Uni This link opens in a new window For articles, click “All Nexis Uni” next to the main search box on the home screen. From the resulting “Narrow By” choices, check the box next to “Law Reviews and Journals” in the “Category section.” (For current USF non-law students, faculty and staff.) [ On-campus link for Nexis Uni .]
Legal Scholarship Network - SSRN This link opens in a new window Scholarly working papers (articles in progress) and articles recently accepted for publication. Not a comprehensive source. (Available to all.)
Index to Legal Periodicals & Books Retrospective This link opens in a new window Comprehensive citations to articles from 1908 to 1981. Full text available for selected articles. (For current USF students, faculty, and staff.) (ILP for years prior to 1908 is available in print at K 33 .I54 Law Reference.)

Index to Legal Periodicals includes citations to almost all articles from almost every U.S. law review or journal for the time periods it covers. Searches using broad, general terms — searches that often get too many irrelevant results in full-text search tools — often succeed in Index to Legal Periodicals.

The Peace Palace Library serves Hague institutions such as the International Court of Justice, the Permanent Court of Arbitration, and the Hague Academy of International Law, as well as international law scholars from around the world.

Its catalog has been customized for international law research and is a great way to find citations to relevant articles and book chapters. While the Peace Palace Library catalog does not supply full text, it can alert you to articles that you otherwise would not have known about.

Once you know of a useful article, use USF's Journal Finder (see below) to see if we have the journal that contains the article, or ask about an interlibrary loan.

Basic Search - Peace Palace Library Catalog Search or browse by key word, subject headings (topics), title, author, and more.
Advanced Search - Peace Palace Library Catalog Powerful and user-friendly interface for crafting precise searches. Offers the option of limiting results to articles. (Searches limited to articles will also retrieve citations to book chapters, which can otherwise be hard to find.)
Subject Headings - Peace Palace Library The Peace Palace Library's customized subject headings (topical labels) are specifically geared to research in international law. Browse or search to find subject headings that describe your topic, then use them to search the Peace Palace Library catalog.
Google Scholar After you search, you can use "Advanced Search" option to limit by author, journal, or date. For search tips and advice, see Google Scholar Help & Search Tips

Google Scholar, while not comprehensive, provides a quick way to get a cross-disciplinary set of articles. It can be especially useful as you start your research and are still refining your search terms.

So you have a citation to a great-sounding article — but not direct link to the full text....

How do you tell if the article is available at USF?

Just use USF's "Journal Finder" to look up the title of the journal that published the article. If that journal is available at USF, it will (usually) show up in the journal finder.

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Journal Finder - USF Libraries This link opens in a new window Enter the title of the journal to see if USF has the journal and article you need. (A link to "USF Print and Online Journal Holdings" means that one of the USF libraries has the journal - or some years of it - in print.) (For off-campus access to digital journals in your Journal Finder results, enter your last name and USF ID number.)
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Public International Law

International Law, also known as Public International Law and Law of Nations , is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally accepted in relations between nations. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework to guide states across a broad range of domains, including war, diplomacy, trade, and human rights. International Law thus provides a means for states to practice more stable, consistent, and organized international relations.

Public International Law refers to the body of legal rules and principles which determine the international rights and obligations of nation-states and regulate the operations of international organizations. Also non-governmental entities and individuals have become part of Public International Law. The scope of activities covered by Public International Law has grown over the years to include additional topics, e.g., human rights, international environmental law, international criminal law, and international economic law. The normative system of Public International Law is derived from the four sources, listed in Article 38.1 of the International Court of Justice Statute, i.e., treaties, customary international law, general principles of law, and ‘judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, as a subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law’. Various international courts and arbitration tribunals provide for the settlement of disputes in the field of Public International Law. For detailed guidance on individual topics of Public International Law, see the individual research guides on the various special topics.

This Research Guide is intended as a starting point for research on Public International Law. It provides the basic legal materials available in the Peace Palace Library, both in print and electronic format. Handbooks, leading articles, bibliographies, periodicals, serial publications and documents of interest are presented in the Selective Bibliography section. Links to the PPL Catalogue are inserted. The Library's subject heading (keyword) Public International Law is instrumental for searching through the Catalogue. Special attention is given to our subscriptions on databases, e-journals, e-books and other electronic resources. Finally, this Research Guide features links to relevant websites and other online resources of particular interest.

Klabbers, J., International Law, Fourth Edition, 2024

Sources of international law.

Besson, S. and J. D'Aspremont (eds.), The Oxford Handbook on the Sources of International Law , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2017.
Boyle, A. and C. Chinkin, The Making of International Law , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2007.
D'Amato, A., International Law Sources , Leiden, Nijhoff, 2004.
D'Aspremont, J., Formalism and the Sources of International Law: A Theory of the Ascertainment of Legal Rules , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011.
Degan, V.D., Sources of International Law , The Hague, Nijhoff, 1997.
Dekker, I.F. and H. Meijers (eds.), On the Foundations and Sources of International Law , The Hague, T.M.C. Asser Press, 2003.
Hoof, G.J.H. van, Rethinking the Sources of International Law , Deventer, Kluwer, 1983.
Kolasa, Jan, et al. The Nature of Source in International Legal Order . E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 2017.
Koskenniemi, M. Sources of International Law , Aldershot, Ashgate/Dartmouth, 2000.
Les sources , Grandes pages du droit international, Volume II, Paris, Editions A. Pedone, 2016.
Müller, J.P. und L. Wildhaber, Praxis des Völkerrechts , 3. Auflage, Bern, Stämpfli, 2000.
Pellet, A. and D. Muller, "Article 38", in: The Statute of the International Court of Justice: A Commentary , Oxford; New York, Oxford University Press, 2012.
Roberts, A. and S. Sivakumaran, "The Theory and Reality of the Sources of International Law", in M.D. Evans (ed.), International Law , Fifth Edition, Oxford, Oxford University, 2018, pp. 89-118.
Shelton, D., Jus Cogen s, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2021.
"Sources of International Law", Thesaurus Acroasium , 19 (1992).
Thirlway, H., The Sources of International Law , Second Edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2019.
Tladi, D., Peremptory Norms of General International Law (Jus Cogens): Disquisitions and Disputations , Leiden; Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2021.
League of Nations Treaty Series

The online League of Nations treaty collection includes treaties registered with the Secretariat of the League of Nations and published in the print League of Nations Treaty Series. Coverage is from 1920 through 1944.

United Nations Treaty Series Online

This treaty database may be searched by popular name, title, and party. Coverage is from 1946 –present and includes treaties that have entered into force and are registered with the UN Treaty Office. Unavailability of more recent documents may be due to delays in producing the required translated treaty texts. In the event the researcher experiences inconsistent or absent search results, searching alternative government or commercial resources may be necessary to locate the treaty document.

The United Nations Treaty Series (UNTS) is a publication produced by the Secretariat of the United Nations containing all treaties and international agreements registered or filed and recorded by the Secretariat since 1945, pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter . Previously only available in printed format, the UNTS is now available as a fully-searchable on-line database. To search for a specific treaty or group of treaties please use the Advanced Search tool.

Mandated by Article 102 of the UN Charter and the General Assembly Regulations to give effect to Article 102, the UNTS includes the texts of treaties in their authentic language(s) along with translations into English and French, as appropriate. All integral elements of treaties, such as various types of maps, charts, sketches of boundary delimitation, annexes, protocols, exchanges of letters, etc. are also published.

Registration numbers for instruments included in the UNTS consist of a Roman numeral and an Arabic numeral, joined by a colon (i.e., I:54321;II:965). The Roman numeral indicates treaties and international agreements registered with the Secretariat; Roman numeral II indicates treaties and international agreements filed and recorded by the Secretariat. The Arabic numeral indicates the serial number assigned to the instrument within categories I and II.

The texts of treaties are published in the following formats: full publication, partial publication and limited publication . For more information on the publication policy under the UNTS please see the Limited Publication Policy page.

Collections and compilations of treaties and other documents of international law

Beham, M.P., M. Fink und R. Janik (bearb.), KODEX Völkerrecht 2020 , 4. Auflage, Stand 1.10.2019, Wien, LexisNexis, 2019.
Brownlie, I. (ed.), Basic Documents in International Law , Sixth Edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2009.
Código Derecho Internacional , Las Rozas (Madrid), Wolters Kluwer, 2019.
David, E. et C. Van Assche, Code de droit international public: textes en vigueur au 1er janvier 2016 , 6e édition, Bruxelles, Bruylant, 2016.
Dupuy, P.-M. et Y. Kerbrat, Les grands textes de droit international public , 11e édition, Paris, Dalloz, 2022.
Eriksson, M.K. and O. Mårsäter, Documents in Public International Law , Third Edition, Stockholm, Norstedts Juridik, 2015.
Evans, M.D. (ed.), Blackstone's International Law Documents , 15th Edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2021.
Gouveia, J. Bacelar (comp.), Textos fundamentais de direito internacional público , 5.a edição, revista e atualizada, Coimbra, Almedina, 2021.
Pabel (hg.), Vö lkerrecht: Fassung vom 1.9.2022 , 2. Auflage, Wien, Facultas/FlexLex, 2022.
Parry, C. and B.H.W. Hill (eds.), The Consolidated Treaty Series , Dobbs Ferry, Oceana Publications, 1961-1986.
Pereira, Maria de Assunção do Vale, Textos de direito internacional , 2a edição, Coimbra, Almedina, 2022.
Tomuschat, C. und C. Walter, Völkerrecht: Textsammlung , 8. Auflage, Baden-Baden, Nomos, 2018.
Torres Ugena, N., Derecho internacional público: instrumentos normativos , 2a edición, Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 2017.
Ziegler, A.R. et S. Besson [éd.], Traités internationaux (et droit des relations extérieures de la Suisse): Recueil de textes 2012 , 2e éd., Berne, Stämpfli, 2012.

General principles of law

There is no treaty or other instrument that clearly spells out what is meant by 'general principles of law', so the parameters of this source have been explored primarily through international jurisprudence and scholarly writings.

Andenas, M. (et al.) (eds.), General Principles and the Coherence of International Law , Leiden, Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2019.
Cheng, B., General Principles of Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals , London, Stevens, 1953.
Degan, V.D., "General Principles of Law (A Source of General International Law)", The Finnish Yearbook of International Law , 3 (1992), pp. 1-102.
Ellis, J., "General principles and Comparative Law", European Journal of International Law , 22 (2011), No. 4, pp. 949-971.
Jain, N., "Comparative International Law at the ICTY: The General Principles Experiment", American Journal of International Law , 109 (2015), No. 3, pp. 486-497.
Jain, N., "Judicial Lawmaking and General Principles of Law in International Criminal Law", Harvard International Law Journal , 57 (2016), No. 1, pp. 111-150.
Kotuby, C.T. and L.A. Sobota, General Principles of Law and International Due Process: Principles and Norms Applicable in Transnational Disputes , New York, Oxford University Press, 2017.
McNair, A., "The General Principles of Law Recognized by Civilized Nations", British Year Book of International Law , 33 (1957), pp. 1-19.
Raimondo, F., General Principles of Law in the Decisions of International Criminal Courts and Tribunals , Leiden, Nijhoff, 2008.
Vázquez-Bermúdez, M. and Crosato, A., "General Principles of Law: The First Debate within the International Law Commission and the Sixth Committee", Chinese journal of international law , 19 (2020), No. 1, pp. 157-172.
Abass, A., International Law: Text, Cases, and Materials , Second Edition, 2014.
Annual Digest of Public International Law Cases , (1919-1949 )
Bjørge, E. and C. Miles (eds.), Landmark Cases in Public International Law , Oxford, Portland, Hart Publishing , Reprinted, 2017.
Damrosch, L.F. and S.D. Murphy, International Law: Cases and Materials , Seventh Edition, St Paul, West Academic Publishing, 2019.
Damrosch, L.F. and S.D. Murphy, Basic Documents Supplement to International Law: Cases and Materials , Sixth Edition, St Paul, West Academic Publishing, 2014.
Harris, D., and S. Sivakumaran, Cases and Materials on International Law , Eight Edition, London, Sweet & Maxwell, Thomson Reuters , 2015.
Heinze, E. and M. Fitzmaurice (eds.), Landmark Cases in Public International Law , London, The Hague, Boston, Kluwer Law International, 1998.
International Law Reports , (1950-..) [More info]
International Legal Materials [More info]
Janis, M.W., J.E. Noyes and L.N. Sadat, International Law: Cases and Commentary , Sixth Edition, St. Paul, MN, West Academic Publishing, 2020.

UN Declarations and Resolutions

Although resolutions and decisions of international organizations cannot themselves constitute international law or serve as conclusive evidence of a rule of customary law, such resolutions do have value in providing evidence of existing or emerging law. Focus your research on the actions of the United Nations and its various organs.

'United Nations - Uphold International Law'

The UN Charter , in its Preamble , set an objective: "to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained". Ever since, the development of, and respect for international law has been a key part of the work of the United Nations Organization. This work is carried out in many ways - by courts, tribunals, multilateral treaties - and by the Security Council, which can approve peacekeeping missions, impose sanctions, or authorize the use of force when there is a threat to international peace and security, if it deems this necessary. These powers are given to it by the UN Charter, which is considered an international treaty. As such, it is an instrument of international law, and UN Member States are bound by it. The UN Charter codifies the major principles of international relations, from sovereign equality of States to the prohibition of the use of force in international relations.

Official Document System Search. ODS is the UN's Official Document System. You can search for UN declarations, resolutions and other documents by keywords, then narrow your search.

The Official Document System (ODS) is an online database of UN documents that was first launched in 1993 and updated in 2016. ODS has full-text, born-digital UN documents published from 1993 onward, including documents of the Security Council, the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and their subsidiaries, as well as administrative issuances and other documents. The database also includes scanned documents published between 1946 and 1993, including all resolutions of the principal organs, all documents of the Security Council and the General Assembly Official Records. Documents are available in the official languages of the UN; some documents are also available in German. ODS does not have the following types of materials: documents issued before 1993 that have not yet been digitized, press releases, sales publications, such as the Yearbook and the Treaty Series, and documents that do not have a UN symbol. ODS is maintained by the Office of Information and Communications Technology (OICT). New documents are added by the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management (DGACM). Scanned documents and metadata are contributed by the Dag Hammarskjöld Library and the UN Office at Geneva Library.

More information can be found on the website of the United Nations. The following pages are of special interest:

Universal Declaration of Human Rights
General Assembly Resolutions
Security Council Resolutions
Secretary-General's Annual Reports
Abbott, K. and D. Snidal, "Hard and Soft Law in International Governance", in International Law: Classic and Contemporary Readings , Boulder; London, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2009, pp. 21-48.
Boyle, A.E., "Soft Law in International Law-Making", in M.D. Evans (ed.), International Law , Fifth Edition, Oxford, Oxford University, 2018, pp. 119-137.
Boyle, A.E., "The Choice of a Treaty: Hard Law versus Soft Law", in The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Treaties , New York, Oxford University Press, 2019, pp. 101-117.
Bradlow, D.D. and D. Hunter (eds.), Advocating Social Change through International Law: Exploring the Choice between Hard and Soft International Law , Leiden; Boston, Brill, 2020.
Klabbers, J., " The Redundancy of Soft Law", Nordic Journal of International Law , 65 (1996), No. 2, pp. 167-182.
Kolb, R., "To what Extent may Hard Law Content be Incorporated into Soft Instruments?", Schweizerische Zeitschrift für internationales und europäisches Recht = Revue suisse de droit international et de droit européen, 29 (2019), No. 3, pp. 335-344.
Le Floch, G., "L'évolution de la soft law vers la hard law est-elle comparable en droit interne et international?", in Regards croisés sur la soft law en droit interne, européen et international , Issy-les-Moulineaux, LGDJ, 2018, pp. 335-345.
Pronto, A.N., "Understanding the Hard/Soft Distinction in International Law", Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law , 48 (2015), No. 4, pp. 941-956.
Nasser, S.H., Sources and Norms of International Law: a Study on Soft Law , Berlin, Galda & Wilch, 2008.

Reference works

Arnauld, A. von, Völkerrecht , 5., neu bearbeitete Auflage, Heidelberg, C.F. Müller, 2023.
Beham, M., M. Fink und R. Janik, Völkerrecht verstehen: Lehrbuch , 2. überarbeitete Auflage, Wien, Facultas, 2019.
Carreau, D., P. Lagarde, H. Synvet (dir.), Répertoire de droit international , Paris, Dalloz, (2004-..)
Gaeta, P., J.E. Viñuales and S. Zappalà, Cassese's International Law , Oxford, Oxford University Press , Third Edition, 2020.
Crawford, J., B rownlie's Principles of Public International Law , Oxford, Oxford University Press, Ninth Edition, 2019.
Herdegen, M., Völkerrecht , 22., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage, München, C.H. Beck, 2023.
Klabbers, J., International Law , Fourth Edition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2024.
López Martín, A.G., Derecho internacional público , 5a edición, Madrid, Dilex, 2019.
Shaw, M.N., International Law , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Eight Edition, 2017.
Slagter, T.H., J.D. van Doorn and W.R. Slomanson, Fundamental Perspectives on International Law , Seventh Edition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2023.
Graf Vitzthum, W. und A. Proelß (Hrsg.), Völkerrecht , 8., neu bearbeitete Auflage, Berlin, De Gruyter, 2019.
Wolfrum, R. (ed.), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 10 Vols, 2012.

We have selected these reference works for you based on relevance, author and imprint. Of course there are many more and it is almost impossible to show them all here. More reference works can be found in the following overviews classified by language: English , French , Spanish , German .

Selected books and articles

Abi-Saab, G., K. Keith, G. Marceau and C. Marquet (eds.), Evolutionary Interpretation and International Law , Oxford; London, Hart, 2020.
Bennouna, M., International Law: Between the Letter and the Spirit - General Course on Public International Law, The Hague, The Hague Academy of International Law, 2018.
Bull, H.N., The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics , London, Macmillan, 1977. [Read this in combination with The Anarchical Society at 40: Contemporary Challenges and Prospects ]
Cançado Trindade , A.A., International Law for Humankind: Towards a New "Jus Gentium" , Leiden, Boston, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers , Second Revised Edition, 2013.
Distefano, G., Fundamentals of Public International Law: A Sketch of International Legal Order , Leiden, Boston, Brill Nijhoff , 2019.
Evans, M.D. (ed.), International Law , Fifth Edition, Oxford, Oxford University, 2018.
Franck, T.M., The Power of Legitimacy among Nations , Oxford; New York, Oxford University Press , 1990.
Friedmann, W.G., The Changing Structure of International Law , London, Stevens & Sons, 1964.
Goldsmith, J.L. and E.A. Posner, The Limits of International Law , New York, Oxford University Press, 2005.
Guzman, A.T., How International Law Works: A Rational Choice Theory , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2008.
Hathaway, O.A. and H.H. Koh. (eds.), Foundations of International Law and Politics , New York, Foundation Press, 2005.
Henkin, L., International Law: Politics and Values , Dordrecht, Nijhoff, 1995.
Higgings, R., Problems and Process , Oxford, Clarendon Press; New York, Oxford University Press, 1994.
Johns, L., Politics and International Law: Making, Breaking, and Upholding Global Rules , Cambridge; New York, Cambridge University Press, 2022.
Khan, D.-E., E. Lagrange, S. Oeter and C. Walter (eds), Democracy and Sovereignty: Rethinking the Legitimacy of Public International Law , Leiden; Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2023.
Koskenniemi, M., The Politics of International Law , Oxford, Hart, 2011.
Koskenniemi, M., "What is International Law For?", in in M.D. Evans (ed.), International Law , Fifth Edition, Oxford, Oxford University, 2018, pp. 28-50.
Ku, C. and P.F. Diehl (eds.), International Law: Classic and Contemporary Readings , 3rd Edition, Boulder, Lynne Rienner, 2009.
Müllerson, R., Ordering Anarchy: International Law in International Society , The Hague, Nijhoff, 2000.
Lauterpacht, H., The F unction of Law in the International Community , Oxford, Oxford University Press , First Published 1933, This Edition 2011.
Nussbaum, A Concise History of the Law of Nations , revised edition, New York, NY, Macmillan, 1954.
Ollino, A., Due Diligence Obligations in International Law , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2022.
Research Handbook on the Theory and History of International Law , Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 2011.
Scicluna, N., The Politics of International Law , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2021.
Tunkin, G,I., Theory of International Law , 2nd Edition, London, Wildy, Simmonds and Hill, 2003.
Weiler, J. and A.T. Nissel, International Law: Critical Concepts in La w, 6 Vols., London, Routledge, 2011.

For all peer-reviewed articles in the PPL Catalogue, click here .

Periodicals, serial publications

African Journal of International and Comparative Law
African Yearbook of International Law
Air and Space Law
American Journal of Comparative Law
American Journal of International Law
American University International Law Review
Amsterdam Law Forum
Anuario colombiano de direito internacional
Anuario Iberamericano de derecho internacional penal
Annuaire français de droit international
Arbitration International
Arab Law Quarterly
Archiv des Völkerrechts
Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law
Asian International Arbitration Law Journal
Asian Journal of International Law
Asian Yearbook of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
Asian Yearbook of International Law
Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy
Australian Yearbook of International Law
Baltic yearbook of international law
Berkeley Journal of International Law
Boston University International Law Journal
British Yearbook of International Law
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
Canadian Yearbook of International Law
California Western International Law Journal
Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law
Chicago Journal of International Law
Chinese Journal of International La w
Climate Law: a Journal on Climate Change and the Law
Columbia Journal of Transnational Law
Common Market Law Review
Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa
Connecticut Journal of International Law
Cornell International Law Journal
Creighton International and Comparative Law Journal
Cuadernos de Derecho Transnacional
Czech Yearbook of Public and Private International Law
Denver Journal of International Law and Policy
Diritti Umani e Diritto Internazionale
Dispute Resolution International
Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law
Emory International Law Review
ERA Forum: Journal of the Academy of European Law
Erasmus Law Review
Ethics and International Affairs
Ethiopean Yearbook of International Law
Europäische Grundrechte Zeitschrift
European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice
European Journal on Migration and Law
European Human Rights Law Review
European Intellectual Property Review
European International Arbitration Review
European Journal of International Law
European Journal of International Security
European Law Review
European Review of Private Law
Eyes on the ICC
Florida Journal of International Law
Fordham International Law Journal
Foreign Affairs
Friedens-Warte: Journal of International Peace and Organization
George Washington International Law Review
Georgetown Journal of International Law
Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law
German Law Journal
German Yearbook of International Law
Global Journal of Comparative Law
Global Responsibility to Protect - GR2P
Global Trade and Customs Journal
Göttingen Journal of International Law
Gonzaga Journal of International Law
GRUR-Prax: Praxis im Immaterialgüter- und Wettbewerbsrecht
Hague Journal of Diplomacy
Hague Journal on the Rule of Law
Hague Yearbook of International Law
Harvard International Law Journal
Hastings International and Comparative Law Review
Houston Journal of International Law
Humanitares Volkerrecht: Informationsschriften
Human Rights and International Legal Discourse
Human Rights Law Review
Human Rights Review
ICSID Review: Foreign Investment Law Journal
ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law
Indian Journal of International Law: a Quarterly
Indiana International and Comparative Law Review
Indonesian Journal of International and Comparative Law
International Affairs
International and Comparative Law Quarterly
International Arbitration Law Review
International Community Law Review
International Criminal Law Review
International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics
International Human Rights Law Review
International Journal of Constitutional Law
International Journal of Cultural Property
International Journal of Human Rights
International Journal of Law in Context
International Journal of Legal Information
International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law
International Journal of Procedural Law
International Journal of Refugee Law
International Journal of Transitional Justice
International Legal Materials
International Organization
International Organizations Law Review
International Peacekeeping
International Review of the Red Cross
International Sports Law Journal
Israel Law Review
Italian Yearbook of International Law
Journal du droit international
Journal européen des droits de l’homme
Journal of African Law
Journal of Air Law and Commerce
Journal of Comparative Law
Journal of Conflict and Security Law
Journal of East Asia and International Law
Journal of Immigration, Asylum and National Law
Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice
Journal of International Arbitration
Journal of International Criminal Justice
Journal of International Dispute Settlement
Journal of International Economic Law
Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies
Journal of International Law and International Relations
Journal of International Maritime Law
Journal of International Peacekeeping
Journal of International Wildlife Law and Policy
Journal of Modern African Studies
Journal of Private International Law
Journal of the History of International Law
Journal of World Intellectual Property
Journal of World Investment and Trade
Journal on the Use of Force and International Law
Juridica International
Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law
Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals
Legal Issues of Economic Integration
Leiden Journal of International Law
London Review of International Law
Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review
Manchester Journal of International Economic Law
Maryland Journal of International Law
Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law
Melbourne Journal of International Law
Michigan Journal of International Law
Michigan State International Law Review
Minnesota Journal of International Law
Natur und Recht
Netherlands International Law Review
Netherlands Yearbook of International Law
New Journal of European Criminal Law
New York University Journal of International Law and Politics
New Zealand Journal of Public and International Law
New Zealand Yearbook of International Law
Nordic Journal of Human Rights
Nordic Journal of International Law
North Carolina Journal of International Law
Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business
Notre Dame Journal of International and Comparative Law
L’observateur des Nations Unies
Ocean and Coastal Law Journal
Ocean Development and International Law
Ocean Yearbook online
Pace International Law Review
Penant: Revue de droit des pays d'Afrique
Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Praxis des internationalen Privat- und Verfahrensrecht: IPRAX
Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting
Questions of International Law
Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht
Recht der internationalen Wirtschaft
Reports of International Arbitral Awards
Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law
Review of International Studies
Revista de Direito Internacional
Revista EJIL
Revista Electronica de Estudios Internacionales
Revista Espanola de Derecho Internacional
R evista derecho PUCP = Agenda internacional
Revista Tribuna Internacional
Revue belge de droit international
Revue critique de droit international privé
Revue de droit des affaires internationales
Revue de droit international et de droit comparé
Revue de l’arbitrage
Revue du droit de l‘Union Européenne
Revue française de droit aérien et spatial
Revue générale de droit international public
Revue hellenique de droit international
Revue québécoise de droit international
Revue trimestrielle des droits de l’homme
Revue trimestrielle de droit Européen
Rivista di diritto internazionale
Rivista ordine internazionale e diritti umani
Romanian Journal of International Law
San Diego International Law Journal
Santa Clara Journal of International Law
Schweizerische Zeitschrift für internationales und europäisches Recht
Sicherheit und Frieden: Vierteljahreszeitschrift für Sicherheit und Frieden
South African Yearbook of International Law
Southwestern Journal of International law
Spanish Yearbook of International Law
Sri Lanka Journal of International Law
Stanford Journal of International Law
Studies in Conflict and Terrorism
Suffolk Transnational Law Review
Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce
Temple International and Comparative Law Journal
Texas International Law Journal
Transnational Dispute Management
Transnational Environmental Law
Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems
Trinity College Law Review
Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law
Tydskrif vir hedendaagse Romeins-Hollandse reg
Uniform Law Review
UC Davis Journal of International Law and Policy
UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs
United Nations Disarmament Yearbook
University of Miami Inter-American Law Review
University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review
University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law
Utrecht Journal of International and European Law: Merkourios
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational La
Vereinte Nationen: Zeitschrift fur die Vereinten Nationen
Virginia Journal of International Law
Washington International Law Journal
Willamette Journal of International Law and Dispute Resolution
Wisconsin International Law Journal
World Trade Review
Yale Journal of International Law
Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law
Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law
Yearbook of Polar Law online
Yearbook of Private International Law
Zeitschrift für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik
Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht
Zeitschrift fur europaisches Privatrecht
Zeitschrift für internationale Strafrechtsdogmatik
Zeitschrift fur Japanisches Recht
Zeitschrift fur Luft- und Weltraumrecht
Zeitschrift fur Vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft

Bibliographies

Oxford Bibliographies in International Law is designed to provide authoritative guidance. The field is rife with debate and controversy, as with most anything that deals with such a complex system of rules and principles meant to govern the relations between states and other institutional subjects, such as the United Nations or the European Union. Because scholarship in this field is so bound up with diplomacy, the vast array of potentially relevant material that appears on the free web can overwhelm even the savviest scholars. With advances in online searching and database technologies, researchers can easily access library catalogs, bibliographic indexes, records of court decisions, and other lists that show thousands of resources that might also be useful to them. In this situation what is most needed is expert guidance. Researchers at all levels need tools that help them filter through the proliferation of information sources to material that is reliable and directly relevant to their inquiries. Oxford Bibliographies in International Law will offer a trustworthy pathway through the thicket of information overload.
Public International Law: a Current Bibliography of Articles, (1975-2016) This bibliography has, since 1975, made available to scholars and practitioners information on articles published on all aspects of public international law which are contained in journals, yearbooks, and commemorative compilations, e.g. festschriften. Starting with Vol. 16 (1990), Public International Law , subtitled A Current Bibliography of Books and Articles , has also listed published monographs and collections of essays in addition to commemorative compilations. This bibliography in print has been discontinued as of 2016.

Nowadays, comprehensive bibliographies of public international law are no longer published, simply because library catalogs are more exhaustive. The bibliographies below are some of the latest attempts in print available at the Peace Palace Library.

Beyerly, E., Public International Law: A Guide to Information Sources , London, Mansell, 1991.
Delupis, I., Bibliography of International Law , London; New York, Bowker, 1975.
Merrills, J.G., A Current Bibliography of International Law , London, Butterworths, 1978.
Wiktor, C.L., Canadian Bibliography of International Law , Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1984.

Dictionaries

Bemba, J., Dictionnaire de la justice internationale, de la paix et du développement durable: principaux termes et expressions , 3ième édition, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2018.
Boczek. B.A., T he A to Z of International Law , Lanham, Scarecrow Press, 2010.
Doebbler, C.F.J., Dictionary of Public International Law , Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield, 2018.
Gärtner, H., Internationale Sicherheit und Frieden: Definitionen von A - Z , 3th expanded and updated edition, Baden-Baden, Nomos, 2018.
Gómez-Robledo Verduzco, A. y J. Witker (coord.), Diccionario de Derecho Internacional , México, Ed. Porrúa, 2001.
Parry, C., J.P. Grant and J.C. Barker, Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law , 3rd ed., New York, Oxford University Press, 2009.
Salmon, J., Dictionnaire de droit international public , Bruxelles, Bruylant, 2001.
ASIL Electronic Resource Guide "Researching Public International Law" by Kelly Vinopal

HeinOnline (HOL) is a premier online database launched in 2000 by William S. Hein & Co., Inc. (WSH Co), a Buffalo, New York publisher specializing in legal materials. It contains more than 178 million pages and 270,000 titles of historical and government documents in a fully searchable, image-based format. HeinOnline bridges an important research gap by providing comprehensive coverage from inception of more than 2,700 law-related periodicals. In addition to its vast collection of academic journals, HeinOnline contains the entire Congressional Record, Federal Register, and Code of Federal Regulations, complete coverage of the U.S. Reports back to 1754, and entire databases dedicated to treaties, constitutions, case law, world trials, classic treatises, international trade, foreign relations, U.S. Presidents, and much more.

HeinOnline’s powerful search engine and user-friendly interface combine to provide both new and experienced users with an excellent research experience. Locating documents is quick, and searching includes facets to guarantee relevant search results. The Peace Palace Library has subscriptions to various HeinOnline databases. Please, make sure you are logged in to PPL.

HeinOnline Databases (general overview)

European Centre for Minority Issues Foreign & International Law Resources Database Foreign Relations of the United States Hague Academy Collected Courses Online Harvard Research in International Law History of International Law Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals International & Non-U.S. Law Journals International Commission of Jurists Library International Law Association Reports Israel Law Reports Kluwer Law International Journal Library Law in Eastern Europe Legal Classics United Nations Law Collection U.S. Treaties and Agreements Library World Constitutions Illustrated: Contemporary & Historical Documents and Resources World Treaty Library World Trials Library

Max Planck Encyclopedias of International Law

Max Planck Encyclopedias of International Law

A trusted reference work in international law, the Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law , as well as the newly-launched Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law . The two Encyclopedias can be searched and browsed together, or separately by using appropriate filters. Please, make sure you are logged in to PPL.

The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (MPEPIL) was first published as an online database by Oxford University Press in 2008. It has since become one of the most widely read and quoted reference works in international law. A ten-volume print edition , complemented by an index volume, appeared in 2012.

MPEPIL articles are hybrids in character insofar as they combine elements of a reference work with a law journal approach. Authors are requested to cover their topic comprehensively and impartially but also to add a personal assessment. All articles are peer-reviewed. As a contemporary restatement of international law the publication is designed to assist both practitioners and scholars. So far, more than 900 academics and practitioners from across the world have contributed to the Encyclopedia, which contains over 1,700 entries. In 2013, the MPEPIL was cross-linked with the OPIL platform, allowing research across a number of OUP databases and full text sources.

In September 2019, the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law (MPEiPro), edited by the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg, began being published online by Oxford University Press. This Encyclopedia is conceived of as a resource for practitioners, scholars, legal advisers, policy-makers and observers of international relations and global governance. It will be enriched each month with new in-depth manuscripts, eventually reaching over 1,000 articles.

The scope of the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law takes a broad notion of procedure that embraces decision-making by international organs in general, including political and administrative bodies whose purpose is not that of adjudicating or otherwise settling a dispute or a legal issue. However, the life cycle of the Encyclopedia has started with a focus on dispute settlement and adjudication, encompassing non-contentious and non-binding forms of international adjudication performed by public international law institutions, but also domestic and transnational ones, that is, all those institutions whose essential purpose is to lay down and/or apply rules of obvious international relevance. Later, the Encyclopedia will extend to non-adjudicatory modes of dispute settlement before tackling non-adjudicatory institutional decision-making processes.

Oxford Reports on International Law
Recueil des Cours

The courses of The Hague Academy of International Law are published in the series Recueil des cours de l'Académie de Droit International de la Haye = Collected courses of The Hague Academy of International Law ( or in short Recueil des cours ) , which now spans over more than 400 volumes and is undoubtedly the most important encyclopedic publication on public and private international law. Since 2008 the Recueil des cours are also available in this fully searchable online edition.

United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law

United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law

The Codification Division of the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs created the Audiovisual Library of International Law under the Programme of Assistance to give the United Nations the capacity to provide high quality international law training and research materials to an unlimited number of recipients around the world. The Audiovisual Library is a virtual training and research centre which aims to enhance the dissemination and wider appreciation of international law. It also performs a unique and invaluable function by preserving in a vivid and informative manner the audiovisual heritage of legal developments within the United Nations system and promoting a greater awareness of the unparalleled legacy of the United Nations in the codification and progressive development of international law.

Articles on International law

Displaying 1 - 20 of 409 articles.

Wars cause widespread pollution and environmental damage − here’s how to address it in peace accords

Richard Marcantonio , University of Notre Dame and Josefina Echavarria Alvarez , University of Notre Dame

I’ve spent decades overseeing relief operations around the world, and here’s what’s going wrong in Gaza

Raymond Offenheiser , University of Notre Dame

International prosecution of Israeli or Hamas leaders wouldn’t bring quick justice − and even bringing them to court will be difficult

Victor Peskin , Arizona State University

Elon Musk vs Australia: global content take-down orders can harm the internet if adopted widely

Dan Jerker B. Svantesson , Bond University

Technology makes it easy for lawyers to work across borders: regulations should too

Temitope Lawal , Bond University

Albanese government gives its special adviser on aid workers’ deaths in Gaza a wide brief

Michelle Grattan , University of Canberra

Gaza war: countries selling Israel weapons are violating international law – legal expert

Lawrence Hill-Cawthorne , University of Bristol

Gaza war: is UN security council ‘demand’ for a ceasefire legally binding? Here’s what international law says

Amanda Cahill-Ripley , University of Liverpool

Gaza update: the prospect of mass famine is beginning to change minds in Washington

Jonathan Este , The Conversation

British troops operating on the ground in Ukraine – what international law says

Christoph Bluth , University of Bradford

By boat or by plane? If you’re seeking asylum in Australia, the outcome is similarly bleak

Savitri Taylor , La Trobe University

NZ is bound by international mental health agreements – statistics for Māori show we’re failing to uphold them

Claire Breen , University of Waikato ; Robert Joseph , University of Waikato , and Thilini Karunaratne , University of Waikato

With airstrikes on Houthi rebels, are the US and UK playing fast and loose with international law?

Christian Henderson , University of Sussex

UN court ruling against Israel shows limits of legal power to prevent genocide − but rapid speed

What is rule 39? UK government tells civil servants to ignore European court of human rights on Rwanda deportations

Kanstantsin Dzehtsiarou , University of Liverpool

Western moral credibility is dying along with thousands of Gaza citizens

Shaun Narine , St. Thomas University (Canada)

What are the principles of civilian immunity in war? A scholar of justice in war explains

J. Toby Reiner , Dickinson College

South Africa has made its genocide case against Israel in court. Here’s what both sides said and what happens next

Paul Taucher , Murdoch University and Dean Aszkielowicz , Murdoch University

What enforcement power does the International Court of Justice have in South Africa’s genocide case against Israel?

South Africa’s legal team in the genocide case against Israel has won praise. Who are they?

Narnia Bohler-Muller , Human Sciences Research Council

Top contributors

Associate Professor in Human Rights and International Law, University of Newcastle

Course Co-ordinator, International Law Clinical Program, ANU College of Law, Australian National University

Associate Professor, The University of Western Australia

Executive Director, University of Dayton Human Rights Center, University of Dayton

Challis Chair of International Law, Sydney Law School, University of Sydney

Adjunct Professor, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania

Associate Professor of Law, Deakin Law School, Deakin University

Associate Professor of Politics and Global Studies, Arizona State University

Emeritus Professor of International Law, Western Sydney University

Professor of Law, University of Waikato

Lecturer in Law, Murdoch University

Reader (Associate Professor) in Law, University of Kent

Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Westminster

Professor, University of Wollongong

Senior Lecturer, Deakin University

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Legal Databases

Legal Research Databases

Annotated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals [from Law Library's alphabetical e-resources list] -- provides full-text access to important decisions in various international tribunals and commentary about those decisions from international criminal law experts.
British and Irish Legal Information Institute -- a full-text database of British and Irish case law and legislation, European Union case law, Law Commission reports, and other law-related British and Irish material.
Constitute -- this site offers access to the world’s constitutions so that users can systematically compare them across a broad set of topics. The system includes the currently-in-force constitution for nearly every independent state in the world, as well as some draft and historical texts. It allows you to quickly find relevant excerpts on a particular subject, no matter how they are worded on topics, such as, “right to privacy” or “equality regardless of gender.” Filtered searching can be used to view results for a specific region or time period, or explore draft or historical texts. All of Constitute’s URLs are deep links, meaning you can link to a particular topic search, constitutional comparison, or even a specific constitutional provision directly, or share them on your social media accounts.
European Justice -- provides access to information on justice systems and justice throughout the European Union, in 23 languages. The database covers legal information regarding family matters for cross-border issues, legislation, procedures, fees, and forms regarding financial issues, legal procedures in civil and criminal cases, detailed information on the process of taking legal action in the EU, various pages pertaining to EU citizens' rights, information on business, land and insolvency registers at EU and national level, and applicable legislation to EU citizens and case law judgements. The advanced search option can be used to limit results to a specific country, language, and time period.
Foreign Law Guide -- contains both primary and secondary source legal information for more than 170 jurisdictions from major nations to crown colonies, semi-independent states, and supra-national regional organizations.
Global-Regulation -- a comprehensive, user-friendly search engine of machine-produced English translations of regulatory laws from approximately 128 data sources representing jurisdictions throughout the world, including the European Union.
HeinOnline Law Journal Library -- provides access to more than 3,000 searchable, pdf formatted legal and other disciplinary journals . Coverage is from the first issue published for all periodicals. Excellent resource for searching the legal literature on any aspect of law.
Human Rights Studies Online -- a research database that provides comparative documentation, analysis, and interpretation of major human rights violations and atrocity crimes worldwide from 1900 to 2010. The growing collection takes a case study approach in providing access to primary and secondary evidence across multiple media formats (more than 75,000 pages of text and 150 hours of video) that give voice to the countless victims of human rights crimes, including Armenia, the Holocaust, Cambodia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Rwanda, Darfur, and more than thirty other major subject areas.
Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals [from Law Library alphabetical e-resources list] -- multilingual index to more than 800 legal journals worldwide from 1984 to the present. The database covers international (public and private), comparative, and municipal law of countries other than the United States, the U.K., Canada, and Australia. Full-text of articles are available for journals in the HeinOnline system. Otherwise, you can access most journals at the Law Library .
LEXIS/NEXIS Academic -- a database that includes full text access to law review journals, federal and state case law, European Union Cases, and the complete contents of the International Legal Materials publication from the American Society of International Law.
Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law [from law library e-resources list] -- this online version is a peer reviewed, regularly updated, and comprehensive work covering the central and essential topics in international law. Particular attention has been paid to the contextualization of each topic within international law as well as the presentation of current trends while maintaining a focus on the mainstream/majority view.
Philosopher's Index -- indexes articles from over 550 English and foreign language philosophy journals covering topics such as ethics, social and political philosophy, and the philosophy of law, religion, science, history, education, and language.
World Legal Information Institute [WorldLII] Database [ copy and paste this link: http://www.worldlii.org/ ] -- an open access database of Internet-accessible legislation, constitutions, statutes, case law, superior or high court decisions, journals, treaties, law reform, domain name decisions, secondary materials, and related legal material from around the globe.

Descriptions of resources are adapted or quoted from vendor websites.

Research Guides by Topic

Below are select online research guides to international law:

Georgetown Law School
New York University Law Library
UCLA School of Law
USC Gould School of Law

United Nations Human Rights Research Guides

Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Enhancing the Human Rights Treaty Body System
Human Rights Special Procedures: Thematic Mandates
Indigenous Issues
International Commissions of Inquiry, Fact-finding Missions
UDHR70: 30 Articles - 30 Documents
UN Convention Against Torture (1984)
UN Documentation: Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights for Children and Youth

United Nations

United Nations--Overview and Finding Aids

General Website
A-Z Site Index
Directory of United Nations System Organizations
Global Issues Overview Website
Yearbook of the United Nations

Core Research Databases

UN Digital Library
United Nations Official Documents System

Other Databases/Documents Collections

1540 Committee Legislative Database
Database of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
General Assembly Resolutions
Index to Emergency Special Sessions
Index to Special Sessions
Journal of the United Nations
Maritime Space: Legislation and Treaties
UN Archives Collections Online
United Nations Peacemaker
United Nations Treaty Collection Database

Human Rights Information

Universal Human Rights Index

Legal Structure

International Court of Justice

Charter-based Bodies

Human Rights Council
Universal Periodic Review
Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council
United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner

Treaty-based Bodies

There are eight human rights treaty bodies that monitor the implementation of the core international human rights treaties :

Human Rights Committee (CCPR)
Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR)
Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD)
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
Committee Against Torture (CAT) and Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture (OPCAT) - Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture
Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC)
Committee on Migrant Workers (CMW)
Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)

United Nations Human Rights Treaty System

Fact Sheet no. 30

Other important United Nations agencies concerned with international law and human rights:

DESA (Department of Economic and Social Affairs)
Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW)
Food and A griculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
International Money Laundering Information Network
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and the Advancement of Women (OSAGI)
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
United Nations Human Settlements Programme (HABITAT)
United Nations Mine Action
United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
World Health Organization (WHO)

Economic and Social Council

Resolutions

The following bodies report directly to Economic and Social Council:

Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
Commission on Narcotic Drugs
Commission on Science and Technology for Development
Commission for Social Development
Commission on the Status of Women
Commission on Sustainable Development
Population Division
Statistical Commission
United Nations Forum on Forests

Regional Commissions

Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (CEPAL)
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)

United Nations Security Council

The following bodies report directly to the Security Council:

1540 Committee
Counter-Terrorism Committee
Informal Working Group on Documentation and Other Procedural Question
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (Legacy Site)
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (Legacy Site)
Peacekeeping Operations and Missions
Sanctions Committees
United Nations Compensation Commission
United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals
United Nations Peacebuilding Commission
Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict

United Nations Research Guides

United Nations Dag Hammarskjold Library Research Guides

Internet Resource Guides and Other Sources

Below is a select list of web sites with links to additional resources on international law.

Australasian Legal Information Institute
Cornell Law School: Legal Information Institute
FLAG Foreign Law Guide
Globalex: Foreign Law; Subject Law Collections on the Web
Guide to Law Online: Nations of the World
The Hague Justice Portal
University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
WorldLII: World Legal Information Institute
World Law Guid e

Current Awareness and Blogs

Global Legal Monitor
Justia's List of Blawgs
International Law Reporter
Yale University's Foreign and International Law Blog

Related Social Sciences Databases

Social and Behavioral Sciences Databases

Listed below are databases that provide access to legal research applied to specific fields of study.

ABI/Inform Global [legal aspects of business and management]
AgeLine [legal aspects of social gerontology and aging and the rights of the elderly]
America: History and Life [historical aspects of law in the United States and Canada]
Anthropology Plus [cultural aspects of law]
ATLA Religion Database [legal aspects of religion and religious rights]
Child Development and Adolescent Studies [children's rights]
Communication Source [legal aspects of communication and the media]
Criminal Justice Database [criminal law and penology]
EconLit [economic aspects of law and economic rights]
Environment Index [legal aspects of the environment and energy practice]
ERIC [legal aspects of education and right to education; teaching of law ]
Ethnic NewsWatch [legal rights of minority, indigenous, and ethnic groups]
Family and Society Studies Worldwide [legal aspects of families and individuals within the family unit]
Historical Abstracts [historical aspects of law, excluding the United States and Canada]
LGBT Life [law applied to the rights of LGBTQ communities]
Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts [legal aspects of language protection and sociolinguistic approaches to law]
Pollution Abstracts [legal aspects of toxic waste and pollution management]
PsycInfo [psychological aspects of law]
Public Administration Abstracts [legal aspects of administrative structures and public organizations and services]
Sociological Abstracts [legal aspects of human social relationships and institutions]
SPORTDiscus [legal aspects of sports]
Violence and Abuse Abstracts [legal aspects of family violence, sexual assault, and emotional abuse]
Water Resources Abstracts [legal aspects of water resource management and water rights]
Women's Studies International [women's rights and feminist approaches to law]
Worldwide Political Science Abstracts [political aspects of law]

News Sources

Access World News

Multidisciplinary

GovInfo [U.S. government documents]
JSTOR [multidisciplinary journal article archive]
ProQuest Multiple [multidisciplinary newspapers, magazines, and journals]

Human Rights Law

Below is a select list of web sites with links to additional resources on human rights law.

Amnesty International
ASEAN Human Rights Mechanism
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
European Court of Human Rights
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
World Legal Information Institute

Document Collections

University of Texas Human Rights Documentation Initiative

Human Rights Research Guide

American Society of International Law

Listed below are organizations and advocacy groups that research, provide information about, or advocate for human rights.

Global Campus for Human Rights -- an interdisciplinary center formed by universities from all European Union member states committed to the promotion of high-level inter-disciplinary human rights education, research, training, and culture, and a shared global understanding of human rights and democracy.
Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions -- unites, promotes, and strengthens the global network of National Human Rights Institutions to operate in line with the Paris Principles and provides leadership in the promotion and protection of human rights.Includes access to the SDGs and Human Rights Toolbox that compiles resources (training materials, reports, databases, etc.) from relevant organizations, covering a wide range of thematic areas and issues of pertinence to specific regions and stakeholders and a database of human rights publications, reports, and official documents.
Global Health and Human Rights Database -- a free online database of law from around the world relating to health and human rights. The database offers an interactive, searchable, and fully indexed website of case law, national constitutions and international instruments.
International Justice Resource Center -- a nonprofit human rights organization that aims to educate and empower individuals to better understand their human rights as global citizens. IJRC has extensive overviews of human rights laws, its directories of the international courts and bodies that monitor them, and its accompanying research aids. Within these aids, there are Thematic Research Guides—comprehensive primers outlining specific human rights (e.g., citizenship, education, asylum, immigration) and their associated oversight mechanisms and latest developments. The website also provides resources for staying up to date on recent global developments through “News and Events” and its “Media and Publications” section, where visitors can download various manuals and even view videos of some of their prior training sessions.

International Environmental Law

Below is a select list of web sites with links to additional resources on international environmental law.

ECOLEX: A Gateway to Environmental Law
Environmental Legal Instruments (UNEP)
Environmental Treaties and Resource Indicators
European Union Directorate-General for the Environment
Pace Virtual Environmental Law Library

International Environmental Law Research Guide

International Society of International Law

International Courts and Tribunals

Listed below are standing institutions intended to settle disputes between sovereign States through binding decisions based on international law:

Criminal Bodies

Ad Hoc Court for East Timor
Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
Special Court for Sierra Leone
Special Tribunal for Lebanon
War Crimes Panel in Bosnia-Herzegovina

Organizations

Project on International Courts and Tribunals
WorldLII, International Courts & Tribunals Database

Regional Bodies

African Court on Humans and People's Rights
Common Market of Eastern and Southern African (COMESA) Court of Justice
East African Community (EAC) Court of Justice
Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS/CEEAC) Court of Justice
Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) Court of Justice
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS/CEDEAO) Court of Justice
Organization for the Harmonization of African Business Law (OHADA/OHABLA) Common Court of Justice and Arbitration
Southern African Development Community (SADC) Tribunal
West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU/UEMOA) Court of Justice
Arab Commission for Human Rights
Arab Maghreb Union (AMU/UMA) Judicial Authority
Caribbean Court of Justice
Court of Justice of the Andean Community
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
System of Central American Integration

Arbitration

International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
North American Free Trade Agreement
Permanent Court of Arbitration
Court of Justice of the Benelux Economic Union
Court of Justice of the European Communities and Court of First Instance
Court of Justice of the European Free Trade Agreement

International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals -- organization of the UN mandated to perform a number of essential functions previously carried out by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (“ICTR”) and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (“ICTY”). In carrying out these essential functions the Mechanism maintains the legacies of these two pioneering ad hoc international criminal courts and strives to reflect best practices in the field of international criminal justice.

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Land Portal
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Contemporary Land Grabbing, Research, and Bibliography by Jootaek Lee 107 Law Library Journal (Spring 2015) Northeastern University School of Law Research Paper No. 216-2015
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Health and Human Rights Syllabi Database (USC) Syllabi from institutions worldwide.
Gender, equity and human rights Programme (WHO)
Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health (UN)
SHARIASource Portal (Harvard) A Portal for organizing the world’s information on Islamic law. It is a project of the Program in Islamic Law at Harvard Law School,
SHARIASource Blog (Harvard) News and information from the Program in Islamic Law at the Harvard Law School.
SHARIASource Newsletter Newsletter archives from the Program in Islamic Law at the Harvard Law School.
Laws Criminalizing Apostasy in Selected Jurisdictions (2014) by Hanibal Goitom, Global Legal Research Center (Library of Congress) Covers: Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain ,Brunei, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran ,Iraq , Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Sudan, Syria , Tunisia ,United Arab Emirates , & Yemen
What Countries Criminalize Religious Conversion? Our New Report Examines this Question June 12, 2014 by Hanibal Goitom
Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief (UN) See links (on right) to reports, documents, and more.
Feminist Sexual Ethics Project (Brandeis University) Many topics covered, including: ---Slavery, Religion and Sexual Ethics ---Jewish Sexual Ethics ---Muslim Sexual Ethics ---Christian Sexual Ethics
KARAMAH: Muslim Women Lawyers for Human Rights. Articles and research about "...Shari’ah in general and the rights afforded to women in Islam, as well as conflict resolution, civil rights, and leadership....KARAMAH also disseminates the scholarship of Muslim jurists and other scholars from around the world... on Islamic Law..."
US Court cases on Islamic Law From KARAMAH: Muslim Women Lawyers for Human Rights. "...Case studies are provided as a brief overview of how different courts in the U.S. have decided on matters relating to Islamic Law...."

Human Rights of Women

Gendering Documentation: A Manual For and About Women Human Rights Defenders. Women Human Rights Defenders International Coalition (PDF; 105 pages.)
Women in International Law: Research Sources (2002) (L. Louis-Jacques,U. Chicago)
Honour Crimes Project (The Centre of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law)
Feminist Sexual Ethics Project (Brandeis University)  Covers: Marriage and divorce; Dating; Sexual orientation; Family; Women's rights; Family planning; Sex education; Sexual harassment; Rape; Child sexual abuse; Clergy sexual misconduct; Sex workers; Trafficking in women. Includes: Slavery, Religion and Sexual Ethics,  Jewish Sexual Ethics, Muslim Sexual Ethics,  Christian Sexual Ethics, &  Resources
International Family Law: A Selective Resource Guide (2000) (by Marylin J. Raisch)
Transnational and Comparative Family Law: Harmonization and Implementation (2013) (Globalex Research Guide by Marylin Johnson Raisch)
Women’s Human Rights Conventions from: University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
Legal Profiles (Islamic Family Law—Emory University)
Sexual and Reproductive Health (WHO)
Law Students for Reproductive Justice (If/When/How) Academic Resources
women's rights & gender equality (The Guardian) In depth articles, interactive databases, video, photos, and more (from The Guardian)
Rights of Women (OAS) Office of the Rapporteur on the Rights of Women, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR).
Gender Equality and Women (RefWorld) UNHCR
Trafficking in Human Beings (RefWorld) UNHCR
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (RefWorld) UNHCR
Browse SSRN Networks & eJournal Subject Areas Included are: -Women, Law, & Human Rights eJournal (SSRN) http://www.ssrn.com/link/Women-Law-Human-Rights.html -Women, Gender & the Law eJournal (SSRN) http://www.ssrn.com/link/women-gender-law.html -Sexuality & the Law eJournal (SSRN) http://www.ssrn.com/link/Sexuality-Law.html -Reproductive Justice, Law & Policy eJournal (SSRN) http://www.ssrn.com/link/Reproductive-Justice.html -Family & Children's Law eJournal (SSRN) http://www.ssrn.com/link/family-law.html
Making Laws, Breaking Silence: Case Studies from the Field edited by RANGITA DE SILVA DE ALWIS. This book "grows out of a high level roundtable convened by Penn Law, UN Women, UNESCO, UN SDG Fund, and IDLO in March 2017. "
Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database (UN Women) A repository of gender equality related provisions in 195 constitutions from around the world.

Same-Sex Marriage

Same-Sex Marriage: Global Comparisons Council on Foreign Relations, CFR Backgrounder Author: Danielle Renwick, Copy Editor/Writer Updated: August 31, 2015

Subject Guide

Films & Videos

Global Health Films Database (USC) List of films that "address global health topics—ranging from documentaries to animated shorts to docu-series—categorized by title, topic, year, run time, genre, producer and other relevant key words. To reorganize the list by a certain category, simply click on the heading. Use the search bar to type in topics, regions or other categories, and the list will be filtered to your search terms."
Kanopy Streaming Service Kanopy offers more than 6,500 films in a wide variety of subject areas and from several educational film distributors including: Criterion Collection, Symptom Media, PBS, Green Planet Films, First Run Features, California Newsreel, BBCActive, NEVCO and German Film. Faculty can create clips/playlists and embed any video or clip in UBLearns.
Swank Digital Campus A collection of more than 19,000 feature films, classic films, and documentaries can now be embedded directly into the UB Learns course management system and will allow students the flexibility of semester-long, 24/7 access to course-assigned films beyond the traditional classroom setting.
Foreign, Comparative, and International Law and Justice on Film and TV: An A to Z List compiled by Lyonette Louis-Jacques, August 2010 rev
Foreign, Comparative, and International Law and Justice on Film and TV videography, by Country/General. compiled by Lyonette Louis-Jacques. August 2010 rev.
<< Previous: Human Rights by COUNTRY

Foreign and International Law: Topics: Human Rights

Arbitration
Comparative Civil Procedure
Constitutions and Constitutional Law
Criminal Law and Criminal Tribunals
Elections and Political Participation
Environment
Foreign Investment
Global Warming
Health and Population
History and Government

Human Rights

Humanitarian Law
Immigration
Indigenous Peoples
Intellectual Property
International Affairs
International Business
International Law
International Security
International Sports Law
International Taxation
International Trade
Law and Economics
Law Reform Commissions
Legal Information Institutes
Reference-General Sources
Refugees/Asylum
Statistics/Data Archives

Topics in Foreign and International Law

Reference--General Sources
Amnesty International Under Library link find text of annual reports, campaign reports, publications arranged by country, country reports from 1994, and selected thematic reports and news releases.
ASIL Electronic Resource Guide: International Human Rights Prepared by Marci Hoffman, Lecturer in Residence; Associate Director, Law Library; International & Foreign Law Librarian University of California, Berkeley School of Law Library (updated in 2011).
Bibliography for Research on International Human Rights Law Univ. of Minnesota Human Rights Library. By Marci Hoffman and David Weissbrodt.
European Court of Human Rights Full-text judgments are only available from October 1996 to date, with a list of decisions from 1959. Information on pending cases, basic texts including European Convention on Human Rights and its protocols, and the Rules of Court. Speeches and press releases also available.
The European Human Rights System On GlobaLex. By James W. Hart (2011).
The Exploitation of Women and Children: A Comparative Study of Human Trafficking Laws between the United States-Mexico and China-Vietnam On GlobaLex. By Christina T. Le (2013).
FINDOC database From the Institute for Human Rights in Finland. Has entries for books, articles and seminar reports from 1966 on.
Human & Constitutional Rights, Columbia University International conventions, comparative law bill rights collections, country, regional and international sections. No longer updated as of March 2008.
Human Rights Organizations Database The Human Rights Organizations Database is Human Rights Internet's most comprehensive listing of institutions working in the field of human rights
Human Rights Library The University of Minnesota Human Rights Library houses one of the largest collections of more than eighty-five thousand core human rights documents, including several hundred human rights treaties and other primary international human rights instruments. The site also provides access to more than four thousands links and a unique search device for multiple human rights sites.
Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch, the largest human rights organization based in the United States, conducts fact-finding investigations into human rights abuses in all regions of the world, issues reports, and generates global attention on the situtation. Site has information by country and by topic.
Inter-American Human Rights Database In English and Spanish. From the Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law at the Washington College of Law, American University. Collection of documents adopted by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights since its first session in 1960. Available in both English and Spanish versions. Contains reports on the Commission's individual cases and reports of its early work sessions, and will eventually include special country reports and thematic reports.

The Inter-American System of Human Rights: A Research Guide On GlobaLex. By Cecilia Cristina Naddeo; update by Francisco A. Avalos (2016).
International Centre for the Legal Protection of Human Rights INTERIGHTS defends and promotes human rights and freedoms worldwide through the use of international and comparative law.
International Human Rights Research Guide On GlobaLex. By Grace M. Mills (2014).
A Review of the Progressive Development of International Human Rights Framework on Capital Punishment By Michelle Miao.
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Includes documents, publications and a searchable Treaty Bodies Database. The database was established to monitor the implementation of human rights treaties and can be searched by treaty, country, symbol, or type.
U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants Searchable database of country conditions and statistics from its annual World Refugee Survey of 120 countries. Full-text articles on such topics as detention, internally displaced persons, repatriation, religious persecution, women and child, safe havens, etc. are also available.
Women in International Law: Research Resources Prepared by Lyonette Louis-Jacques of the University of Chicago Law Library. Last updated 2002.

Subject Guide

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Public International LAW
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Selected Topics in Public International Law
An updated, comprehensive work comprised of articles on essential topics in international law. Articles are written by legal scholars and practitioners and are reviewed by the members of the MPEPIL Advisory Board. ... An up-to-date guide to treaty and other public international law research with an emphasis on online resources. From the ...
International Law Research Paper Topics
This comprehensive list presents 10 categories, each comprising 10 diverse and thought-provoking international law research paper topics. Whether you are interested in human rights, environmental protection, trade regulations, or armed conflicts, these topics offer a wealth of opportunities for academic exploration and intellectual growth.
3655 PDFs
Explore the latest full-text research PDFs, articles, conference papers, preprints and more on PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW. Find methods information, sources, references or conduct a literature ...
Harvard International Law Journal
Cyber Espionage and Public International Law: The African Union Rejects the Tallinn Manual's Relativist Approach to Cyber Sovereignty. May 4, 2024. Patrick C. R. Terry. ... The Harvard International Law Journal is the oldest and most-cited student-edited journal in international law. It is edited by J.D. and LLM students at Harvard Law School.
PDF Public International Law: Treaties and International Organizations
2.3 Treaty Formation. We will now discuss how a treaty is formed and discuss some of the challenges that can arise in this process. Treaty formation involves four basic steps: 1) negotiation and drafting; 2) authentication and adoption; 3) expressing consent; and 4) entry into force.
PDF Researching Public International Law
The chapter format of the ERG is designed to be used by students, teachers, practitioners and researchers as a self-guided tour of relevant, quality, up-to-date online resources covering important areas of international law. The ERG also serves as a ready-made teaching tool at graduate and undergraduate levels.
PDF An Introduction to Public International Law
978-1-108-42145-4 — An Introduction to Public International Law Cecily Rose , Niels Blokker , Daniëlla Dam-de Jong , Simone van den Driest , Robert Heinsch , Erik Koppe , Nico Schrijver ... education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org ...
Introduction
This research guide focuses on how public international law is derived, how it evolves, and how it can be researched. Researching this topic often involves reliance on a broad spectrum of different resources, ranging from explicitly written multi-lateral treaties, to interpretations of internationally accepted legal principles described by ...
Public International Law Research
Public International Law Research Guide "World Flag Map" by Mason Vank. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International via Wikimedia ... This guide provides an overview of the major topics in international law and highlights important resources and research strategies that can be used when researching in this area of ...
Public International Law
Language. Public International Law: A Multi-Perspective Approach is a comprehensive yet critical introduction to the diverse field of public international law. Bringing together a unique range of perspectives from around the world and from different theoretical approaches, this textbook introduces both the overarching questions and doctrines of ...
Public International Law
American Courts and the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees: A Need for Harmony in the Face of a Refugee Crisis. Vol. 131 No. 5 March 2018 Introduction The international refugee regime is one of the most frequently applied bodies of international law in domestic settings worldwide. The 1951 Convention Relating... Political Question Doctrine ...
Public International Law Research
Basic tools for research in public international law for USF law school students writing papers for classes or participating in international law moot court competitions. ... Browse or search to find subject headings that describe your topic, then use them to search the Peace Palace Library catalog. Legal & Non-Legal Articles - Google Scholar.
Public International Law
For detailed guidance on individual topics of Public International Law, see the individual research guides on the various special topics. This Research Guide is intended as a starting point for research on Public International Law. It provides the basic legal materials available in the Peace Palace Library, both in print and electronic format.
PDF How to Do Research in International Law? a Basic Guide for Beginners
As you begin your work, you will find that legal research in international law is both similar to and different from legal research in domestic law. Research in international law and domestic law are similar in their basic requirements: 1) you need a research question, 2) you need to understand the
International law News, Research and Analysis
January 15, 2024. South Africa has made its genocide case against Israel in court. Here's what both sides said and what happens next. Paul Taucher, Murdoch University and Dean Aszkielowicz ...
UPDATE: Introduction to Public International Law Research
Crawford, James, Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law, Oxford University Press, 2019. Balouziyeh, John, Principles of International Law, Vandeplas Publishing, 2016. ... Treaty research is a topic that can be the subject of its own detailed guide. However, when doing treaty research the researcher needs to ask some key questions ...
Recent publications in international human rights law, 2021
The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law is a comprehensive, critical work, which analyses the state of research across the refugee law regime as a whole. Drawing together leading and emerging scholars, the Handbook provides both doctrinal and theoretical analyses of international refugee law and practice.
International Law Dissertation Topic Examples
International Law Dissertation Topic Examples. 2675 words (11 pages) Law Dissertation Topic ... International law, also known as public international law and the law of nations, is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally accepted in relations between nations. ... Related Articles. Research Proposal: Role of International Commercial ...
International Law
The database covers international (public and private), comparative, and municipal law of countries other than the United States, the U.K., Canada, and Australia. Full-text of articles are available for journals in the HeinOnline system. Otherwise, you can access most journals at the Law Library. LEXIS/NEXIS Academic -- a database that includes ...
International Legal Research
U.S. Practice of International Law: Background Information. Department of State Publications. State Practice: Research Guides & Background Information. Yearbooks. Domestic Legislation Concerning a Country's International Obligations. Resolutions, Declarations, & Legislative Acts of Intergovernmental Organizations. IGO yearbooks.
International Law & Human Rights: A Short Guide: Special Topics
List of films that "address global health topics—ranging from documentaries to animated shorts to docu-series—categorized by title, topic, year, run time, genre, producer and other relevant key words. To reorganize the list by a certain category, simply click on the heading.
Foreign and International Law: Topics: Human Rights
Univ. of Minnesota Human Rights Library. By Marci Hoffman and David Weissbrodt. European Court of Human Rights. Full-text judgments are only available from October 1996 to date, with a list of decisions from 1959. Information on pending cases, basic texts including European Convention on Human Rights and its protocols, and the Rules of Court.

International Law Guide

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Criminal Law

Environmental Law

Human Rights and Humanitarian Law

Intellectual Property

Law of the Sea

Trade, Investment or Economic Law

Women's Rights

International Law Research Paper Topics

100 International Law Research Paper Topics

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The Promise and Perils of Carbon Tariffs

Fedotova v. Russia

Legal Responses to Black Subordination, Global Perspectives

The “Prudential Exhaustion” Doctrine in Transnational Litigation in U.S. Courts

Jesner v. Arab Bank, PLC

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Articles on International law

Wars cause widespread pollution and environmental damage − here’s how to address it in peace accords

I’ve spent decades overseeing relief operations around the world, and here’s what’s going wrong in Gaza

International prosecution of Israeli or Hamas leaders wouldn’t bring quick justice − and even bringing them to court will be difficult

Elon Musk vs Australia: global content take-down orders can harm the internet if adopted widely

Technology makes it easy for lawyers to work across borders: regulations should too

Albanese government gives its special adviser on aid workers’ deaths in Gaza a wide brief

Gaza war: countries selling Israel weapons are violating international law – legal expert

Gaza war: is UN security council ‘demand’ for a ceasefire legally binding? Here’s what international law says

Gaza update: the prospect of mass famine is beginning to change minds in Washington

British troops operating on the ground in Ukraine – what international law says

By boat or by plane? If you’re seeking asylum in Australia, the outcome is similarly bleak

NZ is bound by international mental health agreements – statistics for Māori show we’re failing to uphold them

With airstrikes on Houthi rebels, are the US and UK playing fast and loose with international law?

UN court ruling against Israel shows limits of legal power to prevent genocide − but rapid speed

What is rule 39? UK government tells civil servants to ignore European court of human rights on Rwanda deportations

Western moral credibility is dying along with thousands of Gaza citizens

What are the principles of civilian immunity in war? A scholar of justice in war explains

South Africa has made its genocide case against Israel in court. Here’s what both sides said and what happens next

What enforcement power does the International Court of Justice have in South Africa’s genocide case against Israel?

South Africa’s legal team in the genocide case against Israel has won praise. Who are they?

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