research methodology in english literature mcq

430+ Research Methodology (RM) Solved MCQs

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Research Methodology Quiz | MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)

research methodology in english literature mcq

In order to enhance your understanding of research methodology, we have made thought-provoking quiz featuring multiple-choice questions.

This quiz served as a tool to assess your knowledge and comprehension of various research techniques and methodologies. Each question presented unique scenarios, challenging you to analyze and select the most appropriate methodological approach.

The quiz aimed to sharpen your critical thinking skills and reinforce our grasp on essential concepts in the realm of research. By actively participating in this exercise, we deepened your appreciation for the significance of selecting the right research methods to achieve reliable and meaningful results.

All Solved MCQs on Research Methodology

In this post, we have posted 20 Solved MCQs on Research Methodology . Every question is consisted of four options. The answer is bold with black colour.

The Given Solved MCQs on Research Methodology are targeted to the students who are pursuing the subject of Research Methodology as a part of their degree or post graduate degree courses in criminology, law, sociology, social work, etc.

Multiple Choice Questions on Research Methodology

1. Which of the following is the role of a conclusion:

To gives an ending to your project and highlight what a research result means

To help the researcher explain how his/her research contributes to the new knowledge.

To give an impression of the work done by the researcher.

All the above.

2. A good conclusion can be:

A repetition of the researcher’s work

One line.

Blue-print of the research.

3. A Conclusion should just repeat what the researcher has said in the Research.

False

4. The Conclusion is a good place to add in all the extra ideas the researcher could not fit in his research.

False

5. The Conclusion should bring all ideas of the researcher together to justify his/her final view on the topic.

True

6. The Conclusion is a great place to put all the favorite quotes of the researcher from the book that could fit in the research.

7. The Conclusion is a good place to give suggestions how one can take action or change one’s ideas based on the issues discussed in the research.

8. A Researcher should give his/her own opinion in the Research.

9. A Researcher should explain why he/she feels the stated way about the text/topic, referring to the ideas in the research.

10. A good Conclusion could be just one line.

11. A Conclusion should use the key words from the Research.

12. According to David Bunton, A well written conclusion should not –

Present the last word on the issues you raised in your paper.

Summarize the Research.

Ignore the importance of the Researcher’s ideas.

Introduce the new ways or expanded ways of thinking on the issue.

13. A Good Conclusion will refer to the objectives of the research to bring the research to a clear end.

14. A Good Conclusion should not be:

Clear

Simple

Precise

Ambiguous

15. While drawing conclusion, the method used should be :

Induction

Deduction

Both the methods

None of the Methods

16. A Researcher should avoid which of the following things while writing a conclusion:

Unnecessary information

Ignoring the negative results

Providing a clear summary

It should match with the objectives

17. According to Martyn Shuttleworth, a research should draw conclusion on the basis of which of the following points:

Learning that has been done in the Research

Evaluation of the Flaws

Benefits of the Research

All the above

18. The most important role played by a good Conclusion is:

It generates the aspects for future research.

It does not summarise the research.

It is not a blue-print of the research.

It does not pave way for new research.

19. A conclusion should:

Not convey the last words.

Not identify how a gap has been addressed in literature.

Not give importance to the researcher’s ideas.

None of the above

20. In conclusion, a researcher cannot:

Add new ideas that did not fit in research.

Use Key words.

Give his own opinion.

Summarize his research.

Others Solved MCQs on Research Methodology

Credit : SWAYAM (Instructor: Prof. Bajpai)

Solved MCQs on Basic Research
MCQs on Legal Research with answers
MCQs on sampling in research methodology with answers
MCQ on Citation and Referencing in Research
Research Ethics MCQs with answers
Solved MCQs on Sampling in research methodology
20 MCQs with answers on plagiarism
MCQs on Hypothesis
Research Report writing MCQs with answers
Multiple Choice Questions on primary and secondary data | Data Collection
MCQ on data analysis in research methodology

Research Methodology

Student resources, multiple choice questions.

Research: A Way of Thinking

The Research Process: A Quick Glance

Reviewing the Literature

Formulating a Research Problem

Identifying Variables

Constructing Hypotheses

The Research Design

Selecting a Study Design

Selecting a Method of Data Collection

Collecting Data Using Attitudinal Scales

Establishing the Validity and Reliability of a Research Instrument

Selecting a Sample

Writing a Research Proposal

Considering Ethical Issues in Data Collection

Processing Data

Displaying Data

Writing a Research Report

Research Methodology MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)

Research methodology mcq.

1) Who was the author of the book named “Methods in Social Research”?

Goode and Hatt

Show Answer Workspace

Answer: c) Goode and Halt

Explanation: The book named “Methods in Social Research” was authored by Goode and Hatt on Dec 01, 1952, which was specifically aimed to improve student’s knowledge as well as response skills.

2) What is the major attribute of Correlation Analysis?

Association among variables
Difference among variables
Regression among variables
Variations among variables

Answer: a) Association among variables

Explanation: Mainly the correlational analysis focus on finding the association between one or more quantitative independent variables and one or more quantitative dependent variables.

3) What is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is carried out?

Research hypothesis
Synopsis of Research
Research paradigm
Research design

Answer: d) Research design

Explanation: A conceptual framework can be understood as a Research design that you require before research.

4) What is the main role of research in education?

To upsurge one’s social status.
To increase one’s job prospects.
To augment one’s personal growth.
To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist.

Answer: d) To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist

Explanation: Educational research can be defined as an assurance for reviewing and improving educational practice, which will result in becoming a renowned educationalist.

5) Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative research?

Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools.
Design sampling with probability sample techniques.
Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.
Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence.

Answer: c) Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.

Explanation: In qualitative research, we use an inductive methodology that starts from particular to general. In other words, we study society from the bottom, then move upward to make the theories.

6) How is random sampling helpful?

Reasonably accurate
An economical method of data collection
Free from personal biases
All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: In random sampling, for each element of the set, there exist a possibility to get selected.

7) A research intends to explore the result of possible factors for the organization of effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method will be most appropriate for this study?

Descriptive survey method
Historical method
Ex-post facto method
Experimental method

Answer: c) Ex-post facto method

Explanation: Mainly in the ex-post facto method, the existing groups with qualities are compared on some dependent variable. It is also known as quasi-experimental for the fact that instead of randomly assigning the subjects, they are grouped on the basis of a particular characteristic or trait.

8) Tippit table refers to as _________

Table of random digits
The table used in sampling methods
The table used in statistical investigations

Explanation: Tippit table was first published by L.H.C Tippett in 1927.

9) In order to pursue the research, which of the following is priorly required?

Developing a research design
Formulating a research question
Deciding about the data analysis procedure
Formulating a research hypothesis

Answer: b) Formulating a research question

Explanation: Before starting with research, it is necessary to have a research question or a topic because once the problem is identified, then we can decide the research design.

10) The format of thesis writing is the same as in

Writing of Seminar representation
Preparation of research paper/article
A research dissertation
Presenting a workshop/conference paper

Answer: c) A research dissertation

Explanation: The format of thesis writing is similar to that of a research dissertation, or we can simply say that dissertation is another word for a thesis.

11) Which one among the following statements is false in the context of participatory research?

It recognizes knowledge as power
It is a collective process of inquiry
It emphasizes people as experts
Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge

Answer: d) Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge

Explanation: Participatory action research is a kind of research that stresses participation and action.

12) Which one among the following statement is true in the context of the testing of hypotheses?

It is only the alternative hypotheses that can be tested.
It is only the null hypotheses that can be tested.
Both the alternative and the null hypotheses can be tested.
Both the alternative and the null hypotheses cannot be tested.

Answer: b) It is only the null hypothesis that can be tested.

Explanation: Hypotheses testing evaluates its plausibility by using sample data.

13) What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs?

The null hypotheses get accepted even if it is false
The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true
Both the null hypotheses as well as alternative hypotheses are rejected
None of the above

Answer: b) The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true

Explanation: The Type-I Error can be defined as the first kind of error.

14) Research and Development become the index of development of the country. Which of the following reasons are true with regards to this statement?

R&D targets human development
R&D can enhance people’s standard of living in the country
R&D reflects the actual economic and social conditions being prevailed in the country
All the above

Answer: d) All of the above.

Explanation: No explanation.

15) What does the longitudinal research approach actually deal with?

Long-term research
Short-term research
Horizontal research

Answer: a) Long-term research

Explanation: In general, the longitudinal approach is long-term research in which the researchers keep on examining similar individuals to detect if any change has occurred over a while.

16) What do you understand by the term “Anusandhan”?

Goal-oriented
Following an aim
Attaining an aim
Praying to achieve an aim

Answer: b) Following an aim

17) Evaluation Research is concerned with __________

How well are we doing?
Why are we doing?
What are we doing?

Answer: a) How well are we doing?

Explanation: Instead of focusing on the process, the evaluation research measures the consequences of the process, for example, if the objectives are met or not.

18) Which of the following does not correspond to characteristics of research?

Research is not passive
Research is systematic
Research is not a problem-oriented
Research is not a process

Answer: d) Research is not a process

Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the researchers to intensify expertise.

19) Which of the following options are the main tasks of research in modern society?

To learn new things
To keep pace with the advancement in knowledge
To systematically examine and critically analyze the investigations/sources with the objective

20) What is the main aim of interdisciplinary research?

To over simplify the problem of research
To bring out the holistic approach to research
To create a new trend in research methodology
To reduce the emphasis on a single subject in the research domain

Answer: b) To bring out the holistic approach to research

Explanation: Particularly in interdisciplinary research, it combines two or more hypothetical disciplines into one activity.

21) The main aim of the scientific method in the research field is to _________

Improve data interpretation
Confirm triangulation
Introduce new variables
Eliminate spurious relations

Answer: d) Eliminate spurious relations

Explanation: Scientific research aims to build knowledge by hypothesizing new theories and discovering laws.

22) A researcher is interested in studying the prospects of a particular political party in an urban area. So, what tool should he prefer for the study?

Rating Scale
Questionnaire

Answer: c) Questionnaire

Explanation: Since it is an urban area, so there is a probability of literacy amongst a greater number of people. Also, there would be numerous questions over the ruling period of a political party, which cannot be simply answered by rating. The rating can only be considered if any political party has done some work, which is why the Questionnaire is used.

23) The conclusions/findings of which type of research cannot be generalized to other situations?

Casual Comparative Research
Historical Research
Descriptive Research
Experimental Research

Answer: b) Historical Research

Explanation: One cannot generalize historical research in the USA, which has been done in India.

24) How to judge the depth of any research?

By research title
By research duration
By research objectives
By total expenditure on research

Answer: c) By research objectives

Explanation: Research objectives concisely demonstrate what we are trying to achieve through the research.

25) Who can successfully conduct Research?

Someone who is a hard worker
Possesses post-graduation degree
Has studied research methodology
Possesses thinking and reasoning ability

Answer: c) Has studied research methodology

Explanation: Anyone who has studied the research methodology can undergo the research.

26) Which of the following is not the method of Research?

Observation
Philosophical

Answer: c) Observation

Explanation: Mainly the research method comprises strategies, processes or techniques that are being utilized to collect the data or evidence so as to reveal new information or create a better understanding of a topic.

27) A research problem is feasible only when

It has utility and relevance
It is new and adds something to knowledge
It is researchable

Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the area of interest, a condition that is required to be improved, a difficulty that has to be eradicated, or any disquieting question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to be solved.

28) Circle graphs are used to show

How is one part related to other parts?
How various sections share in the whole?
How is one whole related to another whole?
How are various parts related to the whole?

Answer: d) How are various parts related to the whole?

Explanation: A circle graph helps in visualizing information as well as the data.

29) Authenticity of a research finding is its

Objectivity
Originality

Answer: b) Objectivity

30) Which one is called non-probability sampling?

Quota sampling
Cluster sampling
Systematic sampling
Stratified random sampling

Answer: a) Quota sampling

Explanation: In non-probability sampling, all the members do not get an equal opportunity to participate in the study.

31) What does a good thesis involve?

a) Reducing punctuations as well as grammatical errors to minimalist b) Correct reference citations c) Consistency in the way of thesis writing d) Well defined abstract

Select the answers from the codes given below:

b), c) and d)
a), b), c) and d)
a), b) and c)
a), b) and d)

Answer: B. a), b), c) and d)

Explanation: All of the above.

32) Which one among the following statements is correct in context to research?

a) Research refers to a series of systematic activity or activities undertaken to find out the solution to a problem. b) It is a systematic, logical and unbiased process wherein verification of hypotheses, data analysis, interpretation and formation of principles can be done. c) It is an intellectual inquiry or quest towards truth, d) It enhances knowledge.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

a), c) and d)

Answer: A. a), b), c) and d)

33) On what basis did Jean Piaget give his theory of cognitive development of humans?

Evaluation Research
Fundamental Research
Applied Research
Action Research

Answer: b) Fundamental Research

Explanation: Jean Piaget, in his cognitive-developmental theory, proposed the idea that children can actively construct knowledge simply by exploring and manipulating the world around them.

34) What are the core elements of a dissertation?

Introduction; Data Collection; Data Analysis; Conclusions and Recommendations
Executive Summary; Literature Review; Data Gathered; Conclusions; Bibliography
Research Plan; Research Data; Analysis; References

Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions

Answer: d) Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions

Explanation: The core elements of the dissertation are as follows:

35) “Sampling Cases” can be defined as

Sampling using a sampling frame
Identifying people who are suitable for research
Literally the researcher’s brief case
A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.

Answer: d) A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.

Explanation: In general, sampling in case study research involves decisions made by the researchers regarding the strategies of sampling, the number of case studies, and the definition of the unit of analysis.

36) Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite?

Systematic Sampling Technique
Purposive Sampling Technique
Area Sampling Technique

Answer: a) Systematic Sampling Technique

Explanation: Systematic sampling can be understood as a probability sampling method in which the members of the population are selected by the researchers at a regular interval.

37) Research problem is selected from the standpoint of

Social relevance
Financial support
Researcher’s interest
Availability of relevant literature

Answer: a) Social relevance

38) The F-test:

Is essentially a two-tailed test.
Is essentially a one-tailed test.
Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses.
Can never be one tailed test.

Answer: c) Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses

Explanation: An F-test corresponds to a statistical test in which the test statistic has an F-distribution under the null hypothesis.

39) Which one among the following is the most comprehensive source of population data?

National Sample Surveys
Demographic Health Surveys
National Family Health Surveys

Answer: a) Census

Explanation: Census is an official survey that keeps track of the population data.

40) The process not needed in experimental research is

Controlling
Reference collection
Manipulation and replication

Answer: b) Observation

41) What are those conditions where a research problem is not viable?

It can be researched
It contains dependent and independent variables

Answer: d) It contains dependent and independent variables

Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the concerned area, a condition needed to be improved, a difficulty that has to be eliminated, or a troubling question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice pointing towards the need of delivering a deliberate investigation.

42) How can we enhance the research objective?

By making it more valid
By making it more reliable
By making it more impartial

Explanation: The research objectives must be concisely described before starting the research as it illustrates what we are going to achieve as an end result after the accomplishment.

43) Action-research can be understood as ___________

A longitudinal research
An applied research
A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem

Answer: c) A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem

Explanation: In general, action research is termed as a philosophy or a research methodology, which is implemented in social sciences.

44) On what basis can one formulate the assumptions?

The cultural background of the country
Universities
Some specific characteristics of castes

Answer: a) The cultural background of the country

Explanation: An assumption can be identified as an unexamined belief, which we contemplate without even comprehending it. Also, the conclusions that we draw are often based on assumptions.

45) Which one among the following falls under the category of research development?

Philosophical Research

46) What is the use of Factorial Analysis?

For setting the hypotheses
To understand the difference between two variables
To understand the relationship between two variables
To understand the difference between various variables

Answer: b) To understand the difference between two variables

Explanation: Factor analysis can be understood as a statistical method that defines the variability between two variables in terms of factors, which are nothing but unobserved variables.

47) What is the best-suited name for a process that doesn’t necessitate experimental research?

Manipulation
Content analysis

Answer: a) Manipulation

Explanation: In an experimental research design, whenever the independent variables (i.e., treatment variables or factors) decisively get altered by researchers, then that process is termed as an experimental manipulation.

48) Which one among the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms?

Numerical Aptitude
Marital Status
Socio-economic Status
Professional Attitude

Answer: d) Professional Attitude

Explanation: A professional attitude is an ability that inclines you to manage your time, portray a leadership quality, make you self-determined and persistent.

49) The “Sociogram” technique is used to study _________

Vocational Interest
Human Relations
Professional Competence
Achievement Motivation

Answer: b) Human Relations

Explanation: The term sociogram can be defined as a graphical representation of human relation that portrays the social links formed by one particular person.

50) Which one among the following phrases does not correspond to the meaning of research as a process?

Problem Solving
Trial and Error
Objective Observation
Systematic Activity

Answer: c) Objective Observation

Explanation: The research process comprises classifying, locating, evaluating, and investigating the data, which is required to support your research question, followed by developing and expressing your ideas.

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Research Methodology MCQs

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Answer these Research Methodology MCQs and assess your grip on the subject of Research Methodology. Scroll below and get started!

1: The double-blind procedure is most likely to be used in ________ research.

A. Survey

B. Case study

C. Correlational

D. Experimental

2: What is the purpose of a literature review in research?

A. To summarize existing research findings

B. To identify gaps in current knowledge

C. To provide theoretical background for the study

D. All of the above

3: What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

A. Qualitative research focuses on understanding meanings and interpretations, while quantitative research focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis

B. Qualitative research is more reliable than quantitative research

C. Quantitative research involves larger sample sizes than qualitative research

D. Qualitative research is conducted in a laboratory setting, while quantitative research is conducted in the field

4: What is the purpose of a research hypothesis?

A. To state the research question in a concise manner

B. To provide a rationale for conducting the study

C. To make a testable prediction about the relationship between variables

D. To summarize the findings of the study

5: Which of the following sampling methods is appropriate when the population is large and diverse?

A. Convenience sampling

B. Purposive sampling

C. Random sampling

D. Snowball sampling

6: What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

A. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher

B. The variable that is measured or observed for changes

C. The variable that is held constant for comparison

D. The variable that is controlled by external factors

7: What is the purpose of data analysis in research?

A. To collect data from participants

B. To interpret and draw conclusions from the collected data

C. To design the research study

D. To develop research questions and hypotheses

8: What is the difference between primary and secondary data?

A. Primary data is collected firsthand by the researcher, while secondary data is obtained from existing sources

B. Primary data is more reliable than secondary data

C. Secondary data is collected through surveys and experiments, while primary data is obtained from literature reviews

D. Primary data is quantitative, while secondary data is qualitative

9: What is a research design?

A. The process of developing research questions and hypotheses

B. The overall plan or strategy for conducting a research study

C. The selection and training of research participants

D. The statistical tests used for data analysis

10: What is the purpose of ethical considerations in research?

A. To ensure the confidentiality of research data

B. To protect the rights and well-being of research participants

C. To obtain funding for the research study

D. To establish the credibility of the research findings

11: What is the significance level in hypothesis testing?

A. The probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis

B. The sample size required for the study

C. The strength of the relationship between variables

D. The type of statistical analysis used in the study

List of Research Methodology M...

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Chapter Four: Theory, Methodologies, Methods, and Evidence

Research Methods

You are viewing the first edition of this textbook. a second edition is available – please visit the latest edition for updated information..

This page discusses the following topics:

Research Goals

Research method types.

Before discussing research methods , we need to distinguish them from methodologies and research skills . Methodologies, linked to literary theories, are tools and lines of investigation: sets of practices and propositions about texts and the world. Researchers using Marxist literary criticism will adopt methodologies that look to material forces like labor, ownership, and technology to understand literature and its relationship to the world. They will also seek to understand authors not as inspired geniuses but as people whose lives and work are shaped by social forces.

Example: Critical Race Theory Methodologies

Critical Race Theory may use a variety of methodologies, including

Interest convergence: investigating whether marginalized groups only achieve progress when dominant groups benefit as well
Intersectional theory: investigating how multiple factors of advantage and disadvantage around race, gender, ethnicity, religion, etc. operate together in complex ways
Radical critique of the law: investigating how the law has historically been used to marginalize particular groups, such as black people, while recognizing that legal efforts are important to achieve emancipation and civil rights
Social constructivism: investigating how race is socially constructed (rather than biologically grounded)
Standpoint epistemology: investigating how knowledge relates to social position
Structural determinism: investigating how structures of thought and of organizations determine social outcomes

To identify appropriate methodologies, you will need to research your chosen theory and gather what methodologies are associated with it. For the most part, we can’t assume that there are “one size fits all” methodologies.

Research skills are about how you handle materials such as library search engines, citation management programs, special collections materials, and so on.

Research methods are about where and how you get answers to your research questions. Are you conducting interviews? Visiting archives? Doing close readings? Reviewing scholarship? You will need to choose which methods are most appropriate to use in your research and you need to gain some knowledge about how to use these methods. In other words, you need to do some research into research methods!

Your choice of research method depends on the kind of questions you are asking. For example, if you want to understand how an author progressed through several drafts to arrive at a final manuscript, you may need to do archival research. If you want to understand why a particular literary work became a bestseller, you may need to do audience research. If you want to know why a contemporary author wrote a particular work, you may need to do interviews. Usually literary research involves a combination of methods such as archival research , discourse analysis , and qualitative research methods.

Literary research methods tend to differ from research methods in the hard sciences (such as physics and chemistry). Science research must present results that are reproducible, while literary research rarely does (though it must still present evidence for its claims). Literary research often deals with questions of meaning, social conventions, representations of lived experience, and aesthetic effects; these are questions that reward dialogue and different perspectives rather than one great experiment that settles the issue. In literary research, we might get many valuable answers even though they are quite different from one another. Also in literary research, we usually have some room to speculate about answers, but our claims have to be plausible (believable) and our argument comprehensive (meaning we don’t overlook evidence that would alter our argument significantly if it were known).

A literary researcher might select the following:

Theory: Critical Race Theory

Methodology: Social Constructivism

Method: Scholarly

Skills: Search engines, citation management

Wendy Belcher, in Writing Your Journal Article in 12 Weeks , identifies two main approaches to understanding literary works: looking at a text by itself (associated with New Criticism ) and looking at texts as they connect to society (associated with Cultural Studies ). The goal of New Criticism is to bring the reader further into the text. The goal of Cultural Studies is to bring the reader into the network of discourses that surround and pass through the text. Other approaches, such as Ecocriticism, relate literary texts to the Sciences (as well as to the Humanities).

The New Critics, starting in the 1940s, focused on meaning within the text itself, using a method they called “ close reading .” The text itself becomes e vidence for a particular reading. Using this approach, you should summarize the literary work briefly and q uote particularly meaningful passages, being sure to introduce quotes and then interpret them (never let them stand alone). Make connections within the work; a sk “why” and “how” the various parts of the text relate to each other.

Cultural Studies critics see all texts as connected to society; the critic therefore has to connect a text to at least one political or social issue. How and why does the text reproduce particular knowledge systems (known as discourses) and how do these knowledge systems relate to issues of power within the society? Who speaks and when? Answering these questions helps your reader understand the text in context. Cultural contexts can include the treatment of gender (Feminist, Queer), class (Marxist), nationality, race, religion, or any other area of human society.

Other approaches, such as psychoanalytic literary criticism , look at literary texts to better understand human psychology. A psychoanalytic reading can focus on a character, the author, the reader, or on society in general. Ecocriticism look at human understandings of nature in literary texts.

We select our research methods based on the kinds of things we want to know. For example, we may be studying the relationship between literature and society, between author and text, or the status of a work in the literary canon. We may want to know about a work’s form, genre, or thematics. We may want to know about the audience’s reading and reception, or about methods for teaching literature in schools.

Below are a few research methods and their descriptions. You may need to consult with your instructor about which ones are most appropriate for your project. The first list covers methods most students use in their work. The second list covers methods more commonly used by advanced researchers. Even if you will not be using methods from this second list in your research project, you may read about these research methods in the scholarship you find.

Most commonly used undergraduate research methods:

Scholarship Methods: Studies the body of scholarship written about a particular author, literary work, historical period, literary movement, genre, theme, theory, or method.
Textual Analysis Methods: Used for close readings of literary texts, these methods also rely on literary theory and background information to support the reading.
Biographical Methods: Used to study the life of the author to better understand their work and times, these methods involve reading biographies and autobiographies about the author, and may also include research into private papers, correspondence, and interviews.
Discourse Analysis Methods: Studies language patterns to reveal ideology and social relations of power. This research involves the study of institutions, social groups, and social movements to understand how people in various settings use language to represent the world to themselves and others. Literary works may present complex mixtures of discourses which the characters (and readers) have to navigate.
Creative Writing Methods: A literary re-working of another literary text, creative writing research is used to better understand a literary work by investigating its language, formal structures, composition methods, themes, and so on. For instance, a creative research project may retell a story from a minor character’s perspective to reveal an alternative reading of events. To qualify as research, a creative research project is usually combined with a piece of theoretical writing that explains and justifies the work.

Methods used more often by advanced researchers:

Archival Methods: Usually involves trips to special collections where original papers are kept. In these archives are many unpublished materials such as diaries, letters, photographs, ledgers, and so on. These materials can offer us invaluable insight into the life of an author, the development of a literary work, or the society in which the author lived. There are at least three major archives of James Baldwin’s papers: The Smithsonian , Yale , and The New York Public Library . Descriptions of such materials are often available online, but the materials themselves are typically stored in boxes at the archive.
Computational Methods: Used for statistical analysis of texts such as studies of the popularity and meaning of particular words in literature over time.
Ethnographic Methods: Studies groups of people and their interactions with literary works, for instance in educational institutions, in reading groups (such as book clubs), and in fan networks. This approach may involve interviews and visits to places (including online communities) where people interact with literary works. Note: before you begin such work, you must have Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval “to protect the rights and welfare of human participants involved in research.”
Visual Methods: Studies the visual qualities of literary works. Some literary works, such as illuminated manuscripts, children’s literature, and graphic novels, present a complex interplay of text and image. Even works without illustrations can be studied for their use of typography, layout, and other visual features.

Regardless of the method(s) you choose, you will need to learn how to apply them to your work and how to carry them out successfully. For example, you should know that many archives do not allow you to bring pens (you can use pencils) and you may not be allowed to bring bags into the archives. You will need to keep a record of which documents you consult and their location (box number, etc.) in the archives. If you are unsure how to use a particular method, please consult a book about it. [1] Also, ask for the advice of trained researchers such as your instructor or a research librarian.

What research method(s) will you be using for your paper? Why did you make this method selection over other methods? If you haven’t made a selection yet, which methods are you considering?
What specific methodological approaches are you most interested in exploring in relation to the chosen literary work?
What is your plan for researching your method(s) and its major approaches?
What was the most important lesson you learned from this page? What point was confusing or difficult to understand?

Write your answers in a webcourse discussion page.

Introduction to Research Methods: A Practical Guide for Anyone Undertaking a Research Project by Catherine, Dr. Dawson
Practical Research Methods: A User-Friendly Guide to Mastering Research Techniques and Projects by Catherine Dawson
Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches by John W. Creswell Cheryl N. Poth
Qualitative Research Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice by Michael Quinn Patton
Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches by John W. Creswell J. David Creswell
Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners by Ranjit Kumar
Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques by C.R. Kothari

Strategies for Conducting Literary Research Copyright © 2021 by Barry Mauer & John Venecek is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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MCQtimes.Com

Research Methodology

Social Research Methods 278
Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) 91
The nature and process of social research 10
Social research strategies: quantitative research and qualitative research 10
Research designs 10
Planning a research project and formulating research questions 10
Getting started: reviewing the literature 9
Ethics and politics in social research 10
The nature of quantitative research 10
Sampling in quantitative research 10
Structured interviewing 10
Self-administered questionnaires 9
Asking questions 10
Structured observation 10
Content analysis 10
Using existing data 10
Quantitative data analysis 10
Using IBM SPSS statistics 10
The nature of qualitative research 10
Sampling in qualitative research 10
Ethnography and participant observation 10
Interviewing in qualitative research 10
Focus groups 10
Language in qualitative research 10
Documents as sources of data 10
Qualitative data analysis 10
Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis: using NVivo 10
Breaking down the quantitative/qualitative divide 10
Mixed methods research: combining quantitative and qualitative research 10
Writing up social research 10

Research Methodology MCQ with Answers

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Table of Contents

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-1

1. In “ RESEARCH ” “R” means

2. In the word “RESEARCH” “A” means

(A) Articulate

(D) None of the above

3. Research is derived from

(D) Japanizes

4. Who defined “Research” as “systematized effort to gain new knowledge”

(A)Tom & Zerry

(B) Redman and Mory

(D) Ross Taylor

5. Which of the following is the Objective of the Research?

(A) To become familiar with a phenomenon

(B) To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables

(C)To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with it is associated with something else.

(D) All of the above

6. Research is basically

(A) a methodology of enquiry

(B) search of truth

7. A test of research aptitude for candidates of the UGC NET, is aimed at

(A) providing basic idea of search to the candidates

(B) Screening the persons having scientific bent of mind

(D) putting obstacles to the candidates

8. The main purpose of research in education is to

(A)-help in individual’s personal growth

(B) increase the social prestige of an individual

(D) help the individual to become an eminent educationist

9. Where is the objective observation used?

(A) In conducting experiments

(B) In research

(D) In almost all the situations

10. Inferring about the whole population on on the basis of the observations made on a small part is called

(A) deductive inference

(B) inductive inference

(D) pseudo-inference

11. A hypothesis is a

(A) Tentative statement whose validity is still to be tested

(B) Supposition which is based on the past experiences

12. What do you mean by synopsis of a research project?

(A) The blue print of research

(B) Extracts from the research observations

(D) Summary of the findings of the research

13. Can a problem be stated?

(A) By putting forward a question

(B) Making a statment which is declarative in nature

14. What do you mean by an assumption?

(A) It is a framework in which research work has to be done

(B) It simplifies the logical process of arriving at the solution

15. A null hypothesis is

(A) hypothesis of no difference

(B) Hypothesis that assigns value of zero to the variable

16. The preparation of a synopsis is

(B) a science

(D) None of these

17. The advantage of sampling is

(A) time-saving

(B) capital-saving

(D) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

18. In case of destructive testings, the best method of research is

(A) Sampling

(B) Complete enumeration

(D) None of the above

19. The method of Randomization involves

(A) lottery

(B) Coin method

(D)All of the above

20. The advantages of random sampling is that

(A) It is free from personal biases

(B) It produces reasonably accurate results

21. Tippit table is

(A) A table of random digits

(B) Used in statistical investigations

22. The demerits of sampling methods is

(A) Existence of sampling errors

(B) Requirements of adequately trained personnel for sample survey

23. What is the meaning of Randomization?

(A) Each and every unit of the population has an equal chance of selection in the sample

(B) The selection or non-selection of a unit of population does not affect the selection or non-selection of the other unit of the population in the sample

24. Type-1 Error occurs when

(A) The null hypothesis is rejected even when it is true

(B) The null hypothesis is accepted even when it is false

25. What is/are the base(s) of formulation of a Hypothesis?

(A) Reflection

(B) Deduction

(D) All of these

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-2

1. Which is not the characteristic of research

(A) Basic Research

(B) Holistic Perspective

(D) Ex-Post Facto Research

2. The different between the Ex-Post Facto Research and Experiments research is

(B) Control

3. Ex-Post Facto Research could be

4. Part of social research is

(A) Laboratory experiment

(B) Field Experiment

5. Kotz has been divided field studies into

(A) Exploratory

(B) Hypothesis testing

6. Which of the following is a step of research design?

(A) Defining the problem and formulating a hypothesis

(B) Collecting data

7. Which of the following is the chief characteristic of sampling methods?

(A) Economy

(B) Reliability

8. Scientific methods are used in

(A) only research projects in pure sciences

(B) social science researches

(D) Neither ‘A’ nor ‘B’

9. Which of the following is a type of hypothesis?

(A) Interrogative hypothesis

(B) Declarative hypothesis

10. Which of the following is a non-probability sampling method?

(A) Simple random sampling

(B) Systematic sampling

(D) Quota sampling

11. In which of the following cases, the formation of hypothesis may not be necessary?

(A) Investigative historical studies

(B) Experimental studies

(D) Survey studies

12. A researcher divides the whole population in different parts and then fixes the no. of units from each of the parts that are to be included in the sample. The method of sampling used by him is

(A) Stratified random sampling

(B) Cluster sampling

13. For the population with finite size which of the following sampling method is generally preferred?

(A) Cluster sampling

(B) Area sampling

(D) Systematic sampling

14. A research is based on

(A) Ideas of the scientists

(B) Experiments

(D) Some general principles

15. The scientific study of the historical back ground of the events to determine its bearing on the present conditions is called

(A) Philosophical research

(B) Action research

(D) Historical research

16. Research and Development (R&D) has now become the index of development of country because

(A) R&D reflect the true economic and social conditions prevailing in a country

(B) R&D targets the human development

17. The word ‘unscientific means

(A) Prejudices and biases

(B) Useless arguments

18. Who put forward the statement, “Research is an honest effort carried out through insight”?

19. The Data of research is, generally

(A) Qualitative only

(B) Quantitative only

20. Which of the following is a paramount requirement of a Researcher?

(A) Scientific thinking

(B) Scientific feeling

(D) Scientific attitude

21. A research aims at

(A) Verifying the existing knowledge

(B) Acquiring new knowledge

(D) All of the above

22. Longitudinal approach of Research deals with

(A) Short-term researches

(B) Long-term researches

23. Action research means

(A) A longitudinal research

(B) An applied research

24. Why Yamuna Action Plan’, is an Action Research Plan?

(A) It has a definite goals and objectives

(B) It is to be finished in a pre-determined schedule

25. Which of the following Researches emphasise primarily the factual aims?

(A) Philosophical researches

(B) Historical researches

(D) Behavioral researches

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-3

1. A successful research requirements

(A) Planning

(B) Guidance

2. Which of the following is the research purpose?

(A) To study a phenomenon or to achieve a new insight in to it

(B)To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with

3. Which is the Design of sampling?

(A) Probability selection

(B) Purposive Methods

4. Survey research methods come under

(A) Pre-empirical research methods

(B) Descriptive research methods

5. Ethical principle is available in which report

(A) Belmont Report

(B) Finance report

6. The logic of induction is very much related with

(A) The logic of sampling

(B) The logic of controlled variable

7. The aims of research

(A) are descriptive in nature

(B) are founded on human values

8. The aims of research is/are

(A) Verification

(B) Fact finding

9. Objective or unbiased observation is most vital in

(A) All walks of life

(B) Performing experiments

(D) Research methods

10. The reporting of Research findings should be done

(A) by the scientists themselves

(B) in a scientific and effective way

(D) through scientific journals

11. Reliability of a research result implies its

(A) Verifiability

(B) Validity

(D) Usefulness

12. Watson and Mcgrath defined research as

(A) An intellectual exercise

(B) Using exploratory methods

13. A research is

(A) A serious and investigative study

(B) Being illuminated

14. A person who is repeating the same mistakes again and again without trying to rectify it, is

(A) A foolish person

(B) An excellent researcher

(D) An insane person

15. In Hindi, the word “Anusandhan’

(A) Praying to achieve

(B) Attaining an aim

(D) Following an aim

16. The word “Research” means

(A) To know

(D) To innovate

17. Social research can be divided into

(A) Two categories

(B) Three categories

(D) Five categories

18. Which of the following is/are categories of social research?

(B) Field experiment

19. Which of the following is/are types of field studies?

(A) Exploratory testing

20. Survey research studies

(B) Populations

(D) Processes

21. Evaluation research is concerned with

(A) What are we doing?

(B) Why are we doing?

22. Action research is a type of

(A) Applied research

(B) Quality research

(D) Survey research

23. Which of the following is the key factor in determining the success of group research?

(B) Organization

(D) Creativity

24. Which of the following have a direct bearing on research tools and techniques?

(A) Concepts

(B) Knowledge

25. The aim of group research is to achieve integration on

(A) Conceptual level

(B) Technical level

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-4

1. The evolution of operation research could be associated within well-known development of

(A) Industrial organization

(B) Institutional organization

(D) Traditional organization

2. The problem and techniques can be classified broadly into

(A) Inventory control

(B) Game theory

(D)All of these

3. Which of the following is/are essential requirement/s to carry out a successful research

4. Which of the following has a great impact mind of the researcher?

(A) References

(B) Finance

(D) Library

5. Which of the following is the first step in a research process?

(A) Selecting a topic

(B) Formulating research problem

6. Hypothesis relate generally or specifically

(A) Variables to variables

(B) Constant to variables

(D) Constant to constant.

7. The source of hypotheses may be based

(A) Chance-intuition

(B) Expectation

(D) None of these

8. Research design is

(B) A structure

9. Which of the following is/are purposes of the research design?

(A) Providing answers of research questions

(B) Controling the variance

10. In which of the following selection depends on chance?

(B) Purposive method

11. In the purposive method of sampling design, items are selected according to

(A) Law of probability

(B) Personal judgement

12. If samples are taken concerning all probable characteristics then there are

(A) No chances of any error

(B) More chances of error

13. Primary data for the research process can be collected through

(A) Experiment

14. A belief becomes a scientific truth when it is

(A) Established experimentally

(B) Arrived logically

15. In order to study the relationship of family size to income a researcher classifies his population into different income slabs and then takes a random sample from each slab. Which technique of sampling does he adopt?

(B) Random sampling

16. A researcher uses statistical techniques in his problem to confirm

(A) Whether worthwhile inferences could be drawn

(B) Whether the data could be quantified

(D) Whether analysis of data would be possible

17. Which of the following qualities do you consider essential for a research scientist?

(A) Keenness of observation

(B) Persistence

18. With which of the following propositions about research you do not agree?

(A) Research improves the quality of teaching

(B) Research contributes to social progress of the country

(D) Research leads to finding solution

19. Which of the following is/are essential for communicating a research work?

(A) Command over language

(B) Conclusions drawn

20. A researcher should consider himself as

(A) Open minded and radical

(B) A status-quo maintainer

(D) Entirely dependent on the teacher

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-5

1. A good researcher lays his hands on

(A) A specific area and tries to understand it great details in

(B) A specific area and tries to understand it in minute details

(D) Any area of his interest

2. The research is always

(A) Verifying the old knowledge

(B) Exploring the new knowledge

3. The research that applies the laws at the time of field study to draw more and more clear ideas about the problem is

(A) Action research

(B) Experimental research

4. Which of the following process is not needed in experimental research?

(A) Observation

(B) Reference collection

(D) Manipulation

5. A research problem is not feasible only when

(A) It consists of independent and dependent variables

(B) It is researchable

(D) It is new and adds something to knowledge

6. Research methods can be put into which of the following category?

(A) Pre-empirical research

(B) Descriptive methods

(C)Experimental method

7. Choosing a specific behaviour and counting its occurrences comes under

(A) Correctional research

(B) Naturalistic observation

8. Determining the relationships between two or more variables comes under

(A) Naturalistic observation

(B) Correctional research

(D) Action research

9. Participant observation is the process of immersing yourself in the study of

(A) Processes

(D) Methods

10. A research method ‘ethnography’ is the process of describing a

(A) Culture

(B) way of life

11. Which of the following is an way of doing social science research?

(A) Case study

(B) Game study

(D) Process study

12. Dramaturgical interviewing is a technique of doing research by

(A) case study

(B) Role playing

(D) Sampling

13. Which of the following is the goal of evaluation research?

(A) Situation-based decision making

(B) People-based decision making

(D) Trend-based decision making

14. Under the evaluation research which type/s of decision is/are made?

(A) Need assessment

(B) Process evaluation

15. Usually which type of questions is asked during interviews?

(A) Close-ended

(B) Natural

(D) Puzzling

16. Which of the following is not a component of ethical research?

(A) Competence

(B) Voluntariness

(D) Suitability

17. Which of the following completes the research process?

(A) Research note

(B) Report writing

(D) Preface writing

18. Which of the following is a suggested outline for report writing?

(A) Prefatory material

(B) Primary material

(D) Analytic material

19. Which of the following is the most eye catching part of the research report?

(A) Summary

(B) Conclusion

(D) Glossary of terms

20. A research report is the presentation of

(A) Positive evidences.

(B) Negative evidences

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