mba operations management assignment example

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Course info, instructors.

Prof. Charles H. Fine
Prof. Tauhid Zaman

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Sloan School of Management

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Mathematics
Social Science

Introduction to Operations Management

Assignments, “quick” case analyses.

The purpose of these assignments is to support your thinking about primarily qualitative issues raised in the course. These three write-ups ( choose three from CVS, Toyota, Zara/M&S, Amazon, European Recycling, Hank Kolb, Katrina, Break.com, Barilla ) should provide a point of view as to what some protagonist in the case should do given the situation faced. These write-ups should be in the form of a one-page memo (single spaced, max font of 12) and contain your opinions, based on reasoned analysis addressing issues raised by the preparation questions (see the Case Preparation Questions section). Please DO NOT answer these questions directly. Rather, use these questions to help guide your thinking as to what issues may be relevant in the case. Quantitative or numerical analyses ARE NOT EXPECTED in these quick case analyses, although they are not discouraged either. In preparing for these assignments, please adhere to the following guidelines:

Work as an individual on these assignments. This is a firm constraint, no exceptions.
Written assignments are to be turned in at the beginning of class on the due date assigned.
Case analysis assignments are limited in length to a single-page, single-spaced memo using a text font no smaller than 12.
Each one-page memo may be accompanied by up to two pages of supporting exhibits, provided they are clear and self-explanatory. No fonts smaller than 12.

“Deep” Case Analyses

These two write-ups ( choose two from PATA, HP-DeskJet, and Sport Obermeyer ) should contain your answers to the specific preparation questions for the corresponding cases (see the Case Preparation Questions section). In preparing for these assignments, please adhere to the following guidelines:

Work in teams of at most 3 students. This is a firm constraint, no exceptions.
Case analysis assignments must be less than 4 pages in length (excluding appendices) and use text fonts no smaller than 12.
Every graph or table/spreadsheet showing the results of computations must be accompanied by both a clear description of what all numbers shown represent qualitatively, and a detailed explanation of how they are computed, including a statement of all the relevant mathematical formulas or algorithms. Please do not submit a table copied from a spreadsheet assuming that the instructors will try to figure out by themselves how the numbers it shows are calculated—they won’t.

There will be two short homework assignments that will aim to test your grasp of some of the quantitative material taught in the course:

The assignments should be done individually and submitted at the beginning of class on the day they are due.
Homework assignments should be 1 page of text font no smaller than 12.

The Goal Book Report

Each student in the class should individually prepare and turn in a report of at most 3 pages containing answers to the following questions (in Q&A form, not essay form):

What are the methods described in The Goal for identifying a bottleneck?
After bottlenecks have been identified, what are the concrete factory floor-level actions described in the book for improving overall system performance?
Relate the notions of statistical fluctuations and dependent events mentioned in the book to concepts covered during the course. Also explain and relate to course concepts the statement made by Jonah that a factory “balanced with demand” will soon experience bankruptcy.
Several times in the book, lot sizes are reduced in order to decrease cycle time. What are the limits to this strategy?
When designing an operational process from scratch, which process step(s) should be the bottleneck(s)?
What are the high-level management messages in this book that you consider to be of value?
Leaving writing style and other delivery issues aside (e.g., romance novel format), what substantial critiques of this book would you make pertaining to its function as a “textbook” on the management of business operations?

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Posted on December 28, 2020
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MBA7061: Operations Management

Introduction

Operations management is extremely crucial to any organization (Anderson et al. 2013). In production of goods and services, overseeing, designing and controlling the process of production and redesigning, business operations management plays a pivotal role. Especially in services sector, important factors within operations management are adequately trained workers, location to be well equipped as per service requirement and should be safe for customer/public, service to be regularly revised as per customer input and competitive forces.

Operations management benefits service sector companies, as effective operation management leads to customer satisfaction, and satisfied customer is beneficial for the company. One such organization successfully using operations management to its benefit is Domino’s.

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Headquartered in Michigan, United States and established in 1960, Domino’s has an earned a revenue of US $2.47 billion in 2016. Under current CEO J. Patrick Doyle, company mainly sells pizza, pasta, submarine sandwiches, chicken wings, deserts etc.

Q1. Discuss the concepts of operations input resources, transformation processes and outputs. Use the company business process to illustrate your explanation.

1.1 Transformation Model

Operations produce goods and services by the process of transformation(Brown et al. 2013). Operations acts as processes taking in grouped input resources and then using them to transform something or else transformed themselves to output of products and services. The transformation process is very structured and streamlines which begins from order placement and ends at delivery to the end customer. Operations is the process of changing the state of a thing to produce output which is used by the customers. Transformation model is used to explain the nature of operations (Pycraft 2002), and has three stages of production of goods and services named as input, process and output.

The three stages of the transformation model for domino’s are as follows

1.1.1 Input

The operation input can be easily classified as transformed resources and transforming resources. The transformed resources are the raw materials, information and customers etc. the transforming resources are the trained staff, machinery etc. The transformed resources include the resources in raw state which are further processed as value added products and this is hence done with the help of transforming resources(Production et al. 1990).

Applying to domino’s, the input stage includes transformed resource and transforming resources. Transformed resources include ingredients such as refined flour, vegetables, meat, spices herbs, cheese etc., secret cooking recipe, and orders placed by customers. Dominos operations ensures that transformed resources add value to the entire transformation process. Ingredients of highest quality are sourced, secret recipe creates uniform tastes of its products worldwide and same dough, sauce etc. is used, customer order can be customised as per customer taste thus offering customization. Transforming resources include physical stores, employees, machinery. Dominos uses specialised ovens creating quality pizzas. Staff training is regularly conducted and good staff is rewarded. Stores have the same layout.

1.1.2 Process

Process is the most vital stage of transformation model, involving conversion of raw resources of low value into value added processed product or service(Shanker 2002). This transformation is done through a process which combines transforming and transformed resources, finally producing a good or a service to be accessed by the customer. Thus, Dominos has its dedicated process converting raw ingredients into consumable value added food products within 15 minutes. Thus, it utilises transformed and transforming resources to convert it into output.

1.1.3 Output

Output is the final stage of the transformation model where the product or service is ready to be used or availed by the customer. In this stage, a value is added to the product or service(Mahadevan 2009). In case of domino’s, the output is its product which the customer has ordered for. Domino’s receives monetary returns for the product it delivers to the customer, which helps the organization earn profit. Domino’s being a global brand has to take care of the quality and taste of the product and service they deliver to the customer. Domino’s provides free and on-time delivery to its customers worldwide.

Transformation model used by Dominos is very well defined and successful for the organization, making it earn huge profits.

Q2. Consider the importance of the four Vs, volume, variety, variation in demand and visibility. How do they affect organization’s operation?

2.0 Importance of four V’s

There are four types of V’s namely volume, variety, variation in demand and visibility. The four V’s have a great importance in an organization.

It is the quantity in which the product is made. Different companies have different volumes of output(Lewis and Slack 2003). For instance, high volume companies will have different implications than that of low volume companies. Domino’s being a medium high-volume company has relatively low unit cost of its products. The repeatability of making the product is high which makes the organization specialized in the product. High volume production is capital intensive in nature. Whereas any restaurant being a low volume producer will have high unit cost. Domino’s being relatively cheaper and a specialized one gains an advantage over the other restaurant.

2.2 Variety

Variety can be defined as the options to choose from. Higher the variety, customers have options to choose from, which gives them a joy of having different items(Wild 2003). In case of domino’s the customers have their own choice of selecting their toppings or can add more ingredients that makes it flexible. Domino’s moreover makes new operational strategies based on consumer feedback. Therefore, domino’s has medium high variety to choose from. Whereas small scale eating joints have low variety of items in their menu which gives them a disadvantage as compared to Domino’s.

Typology of Operations and Process (4 V’s) for Domino’s

2.3 Variation in Demand

Inconsistency in demand is also known as variation in demand. When variation in demand is low, there is stability in the business and when there is high variation then the volume of output fluctuates creating instability(Bennett et al. 1988). Domino’s, having stable and predictable demand has minimum changing capacity of output. Domino’s has high utilization of resources which keeps cost per unit lower. Whereas, a hotel with a high variation in demand in accordance to season will be instable as it would require to hire more staff when the hotel is full to its capacity. The hotel should flexible in accordance to variation in demand. Changing capacity of output will result to high unit cost. So, domino’s has an edge over hotels and restaurant having high variation in demand.

2.4 Visibility

Visibility is the exposure of the operation to the customer. Customer can perceive satisfaction from high visibility of operation(Brown et al. 2013). When visibility of operation is high, customer has short waiting tolerance and when visibility is low there is a time lag between production and consumption of product. Applying to domino’s, the visibility is medium low when customer enjoys his food at domino’s. Quite contrary to this visibility is low when the food is delivered at home. Domino’s having relatively low visibility has high staff utilization and centralization.

These four aspects should be handled properly to achieve process excellence. It is well known that four Vs when aligned and tuned properly ensures value creation for the organization(Jones and Robinson 2012). Domino’s has been able to manage the four V’s efficiently and therefore gaining a good brand value and profit for itself.

Q3. Explain how the understanding of four Vs will lead to the five operations objectives, quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost?

3.0 Five Operation Objectives

The performance objectives to be fulfilled in an operation are quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost. All five-performance objective, when achieved by a company adds on to its brand value.

3.1 Quality

Quality is probably the most performance important objective to be fulfilled by any company in today’s modern business environment(Greasley 2008). Quality can be defined as giving error free goods and services which satisfies the customer. Good quality product always conforms to its specification(Pycraft 2002). Applying on domino’s, the quality of the product is good enough and satisfies customer. The quality of domino’s is same throughout the world. The quality of the product may not be excellent as it is a fast food restaurant. Quality is nicely taken care by the trained staff as they apply adequate precaution such as wearing gloves and cap while cooking. The ingredients used by domino’s is fresh and of good quality.

Speed is also an important performance objective in today’s fast moving life. Speed as performance objective refers to doing operation fast to reduce the gap between order and the availability of product and service(Schroeder 06). Domino’s also has a good speed of production so the waiting time for customers is low. Domino’s speed affects internally and externally both. Internal effect of speed leads to cost reduction. External effect of the speed gives customer speed advantage.

3.3 Dependability

Dependability is defined as providing customer with its goods and services on time. This makes the organization reliable and trust is build up within the customer. Being on time is simply being dependable(Poonia 2010). Applying on domino’s, time taken to give away the order to customer is very less because of the high speed. In restaurant industry time is considered very important, if you are late in providing customer with food. It creates irritation in the mind of customer. Therefore, domino’s using less time to deliver product to the customer is dependable.

3.4 Flexibility

Flexibility means making changes in the operation according to customer. Flexibility nowadays has become a necessity as most customer want changes or slight modification in what they order(Shim and Siegel 1999). Domino’s offer customer the flexibility of choosing toppings for their pizza. Domino’s is quite flexible in case of its delivery. It gives an option of cash on delivery. Domino’s has always been customer friendly and gives customer options of size to choose from. Flexibility is so high that the customer can even choose their base for pizza.

Cost is one of the major operation objective. Cost is the biggest level at which all companies compete. Low price attracts customers globally(Arora 2004). Low price products are only possible if the cost of production is low. All the above factors internally effect in reduction of cost. The production in domino’s is done on a large scale which reduces the cost per unit. Therefore, Domino’s has a low-price menu which attracts the customer.

Q4. Identify and critically evaluate in the light of the literature studied the competitive factors such as order winning, qualifiers and less important factors of the company?

4.1 ORDER WINNERS

Order winners are dimensions of performance that make a distinction between the products and services of any two companies(Peters 2013). Order winner are the benefits like quality, delivery speed, reliability, products, design, flexibility and image that helps customer of a company to choose company’s service and product.These competitive factors act as order qualifier for some firm and order winner for the other firm. This depends on the company’s work profile(Elnadi 2009) . For instance, a buyer of industrial chemical would prefer quality over all the other factors. On applying on dominos, speed and dependability are the order winners. Dominos being a fast food restaurant is low on cost. Cost is also one of the order winner for dominos. Dominos has a good market reputation which helps it to grow as a brand. Dependability, speed, cost and image being the competitive advantages for dominos gives it an edge over its rivals. Low cost with a good image is one of the major attraction for the customers. Whereas in fine dining restaurant, quality is the order winner as cost is relatively high and the customers expects a good quality of food in return.

4.2 ORDER QUALIFIER

Order qualifiers are the competitive benefits that a company must exhibit in order to be a successful competitor in the business field (Bellgran and Säfsten 2010) . For instance, the quality of domino’s pizza is an order qualifier, not an order winner. It may look strange but the main product is only an order qualifier, not an order winner but the reality is that the pizza is only half of the core offering. The pizza delivered by dominos is not only a world class pizza but also good enough that the customers cannot refuse to relish it. Domino’s pizza may be one of a kind in understanding that their pizza that their pizza is only a qualifier, not an order winner. For many companies, it is easy to engage themselves in the product and not balance the product with the service. Dominos is also one of those companies that gives more stress on good service. Flexibility of the product is also an order qualifier as customer have only the choice of toppings, as dominos being a centralized organization does not allow complete customization of their product as per customers want. Whereas in fine dining restaurant, speed and cost are the order qualifiers as to make good quality food the cost will be high. Cooking good quality food is a time taking procedure.

So, when a fine dining restaurant is compared with dominos the order winners and qualifiers are different. The two restaurants serve different purpose of eating, for instance dominos food is a replacement of snacks whereas a fine dining restaurant serves a complete dinner.

Q5. Evaluate the strategies that the company employ to maximise the benefits and minimise the problems associated with them?

5.1 General strategies applied by companies

The strategies are the plan, which are designed by the companies for achieving long term objectives as well as to attain competitive advanced over the competitors. The companies to operate its business in the dynamic business environment implement various strategies for making the business successful and profitable. The companies to increase its sales revenue follow the strategies such as enhancing the productivity of the staff members by organising training programs, finding new customers and improving customer services.

In addition, the company attracts more customers by effectively designing the retail displays, expanding into new market and offering price discount to the customers for making them loyal towards the specific brand. On the other hand, companies by selecting the right location for opening new retail outlet. The central location is selected by the companies for grasping the attention of the customers such as near the shopping mall. At the same time, well maintenance of restaurants such as good ambience helps the companies to satisfy the needs of the customers in an appropriate manner. Additionally, the companies by focusing on the quality of the products are able to sustain in the market for a longer period of time.

5.2 Strategies applied by Domino’s

Domino’s operations policy stresses mainly on providing high quality services to the customers.

Minimize operation cost – To minimize the operationcost by improvement of effectiveness and process at the store.
Production oriented store design – To utilize the production oriented store design in order to smooth the way of efficient production and fast service to the customer.
Efficient order taking, production and delivery – To carry of an effective operational process that consist of order taking, pizza preparation, cooking, boxing and delivering.
Statistic store location to carry off the delivery service – To invest in the strategic location of the store in order to facilitate fast service to the customer and maximize the revenue.
Product and process innovation – To stimulate an innovative culture that increases both quality and effectiveness.
To use domino’s PULSE point of sale system. Use of domino’s PULSE system to improve operative effectiveness, provide corporate management with easy ingression financial and marketing data and to minimize time consumption and expenses.
A comprehensive store operations evaluation program – To utilize an all-inclusive store audit program to ensure that stores are meeting both as the expectations of the customers.
A focussed menu – To maintain a focussed menu that is made to present an eye-catching quality offering to customers while reducing order errors and accelerating order taking and food preparation process.

6.0 Conclusion

From the above discussion, it can be summarized that the business process involving activities of input, transforming and output plays an essential role for the companies to provide effective product and services to the customers. The 4 V’s such as volume, variety, variation in demand and visibility affects the managerial operations of Dominos in a significant manner. In addition, the 4 V’s will help the company to achieve the performance objectives, which are associated with cost, speed, quality, dependability and flexibility. The competitive factors such as order winning, order qualifiers etc facilitate the companies to gain competitive edge over the competitors in a particular geographical area. Moreover, the strategies such as selecting right location, well maintenance of retail outlets, high quality of services assists Domino’s to maximize the benefits and minimize the problems associated with them.

TQM: Maritime & Port Authority of Singapore (MPA)

Table of Contents

Introduction. 3

Q1. Discuss the concepts of operations input resources, transformation processes and outputs. Use the company business process to illustrate your explanation. 3

1.1 Transformation Model 3

1.1.1 Input. 4

1.1.2 Process. 5

1.1.3 Output. 5

Q2. Consider the importance of the four Vs, volume, variety, variation in demand and visibility. How do they affect organization’s operation?. 6

2.0 Importance of four V’s. 6

2.1 Volume. 6

2.2 Variety. 7

2.3 Variation in Demand. 8

2.4 Visibility. 9

Q3. Explain how the understanding of four Vs will lead to the five operations objectives, quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost?. 9

3.0 Five Operation Objectives. 9

3.1 Quality. 10

3.2 Speed. 10

3.3 Dependability. 10

3.4 Flexibility. 11

3.5 Cost. 11

Q4. Identify and critically evaluate in the light of the literature studied the competitive factors such as order winning, qualifiers and less important factors of the company?. 12

4.1 ORDER WINNERS. 12

4.2 ORDER QUALIFIER. 12

Q5. Evaluate the strategies that the company employ to maximise the benefits and minimise the problems associated with them?. 13

5.1 General strategies applied by companies. 13

5.2 Strategies applied by Domino’s. 14

6.0 Conclusion. 15

Introduction. 19

Q1. Based on the relevant literature, critically review the critical success factors (CSFs) for TQM implementation and comment on the similarities/differences between the CSFs of TQM and the building blocks of the BE process of the company chosen. 19

CSFs for TQM Implementation. 19

Similarities and differences between CSFs and Building Blocks. 23

Q2. Identify a company which has achieved the SQC or SQA level in either a manufacturing or service industry. Critically asses the strategies and the tools and techniques that they use to achieve the SQC or SQA level. Comment on the effectiveness of applying the CSFs of TQM to achieve SQC or SQA. The company information could be obtained from company management briefing, interviews and/or company visit. 25

Tools and techniques used for achieving the SQC or SQA level 25

Effectiveness of applying the CSFs of TQM to achieve SQC or SQA.. 31

References. 33

It is important for the firms to maintain the quality of their products and services to achieve competitive advantage in the market. For this, they need to comply with total quality management that ensures the quality of their operations, processes, and products. TQM is the approach that shows the continuous improvement of the management and employees to meet the customer needs and organizational objectives (Zakuan, et al., 2012). The quality assurance enables the firms to develop trust among the stakeholders mainly with customers that lead to the accomplishment of the business objectives and high performance.

Concerning, this report provides the detailed account on the relevant literature reflecting the critical success factors (CSFs) for TQM execution. It also discusses the similarities and differences between the CSFs of TQM and the building blocks of the Business Excellence process of the chosen company namely Maritime & Port Authority of Singapore (MPA), who won the “Singapore Quality Class” award for its entire processing & servicing operations. Also, this report also explains the strategies and tools and techniques used by MPA to achieve the SQC or SQA level.

CSFs for TQM Implementation

According to Valmohammadi (2011), CSFs are the areas that ensure the desired results for any process as things must go right for the individual or business. About TQM, there is no universal CSF as different researchers and scholars used different CSFs for execution of TQM approach within the organizations. In the views of different researchers and scholars (Khanna, et al., 2011, Zairi&Alsughayir, 2011 and Rezazadeh, et al., 2012), top management commitment is the most important CSF in implementing the TQM within the business. It is because top management commitment sets a vision for future to enhance the quality and creates an organizational climate that helps to empower the employees to execute the quality management approaches. However, the study conducted by Das, et al., (2011) reveals that training is a significant CSF in the successful TQM implementation. If a company wants to deliver quality products and services, then it needs to provide good training to the employees to enhance their skills and knowledge regarding quality education and techniques. In support of this, Zairi&Alsughayir, (2011) also affirmed that training should be provided continuously to develop the understanding of the workforce about the quality management system and their responsibilities.

On the other hand, from the research of Hietschold, et al., (2014), it can be determined that it is crucial for the firms to focus on customers’ needs and expectations to successfully implement the TQM. The adoption of a customer-focused approach enables the organization to achieve the ultimate goal of TQM i.e. customer satisfaction. Apart from this, the research conducted by Zakuan, et al., (2012) identified that employee involvement is crucial to make the TQM implementation successful. Without employee involvement, it is impossible for the firms to utilize their skills and abilities and achieve their full commitment to the quality improvement.

Regarding this, Desai, et al., (2012) also depicted that it is important for the companies to make the employees feel like a part of the organization and encourage them to participate in quality management. However, it is recognized from the investigation of TQM guiding framework by Brun (2011) that supplier management is an important aspect for implementing TQM successfully. It is essential for the firms to select high-quality suppliers who could meet the demand of required materials and purchased parts to avoid quality problems. A good relationship with the suppliers helps to get the quality supplies leading to effective quality production.

All have emphasized the importance of strategic quality planning for the execution of TQM in their studies (Khanna, et al., 2011 and Valmohammadi, 2011). This planning is crucial to formulate vision and quality policy and use the quality control tools and techniques to ensure the quality of products and services. Meanwhile, Ooi, et al., (2011) placed emphasis on product and service design as an element of successful TQM implementation. It is because effective design in product development helps to enhance the customer satisfaction that is the outcome of TQM. Zakuan, et al., (2012) found out that quality culture is linked to the TQM within the organizations. Many researchers and scholars also believe that organizational culture shows the people’s belief in executing the TQM as it is important for the firms to create a culture that could be effective for the employees to engage in the quality improvement fully. Also, Zairi&Alsughayir, (2011) focused on the significance of result oriented approach to achieve the goals of TQM. It is because the firms need to emphasize the results of adding value to the products and services to enhance the quality perspective.

On the flip side, Irfan &Kee (2013) addressed TQM critical factors as employee empowerment and teamwork . It is because employee empowerment is significant to allow the employees to make decisions related to quality improvement and teamwork helps to coordinate the efforts of different employees across different departments to maintain the quality standards. Supporting to this, Brun (2011) revealed that HR management practices like teamwork, employee empowerment, leadership management, supportive culture, employee motivation and engagement, training and development, etc. are effective for the firms to execute the TQM approaches successfully.

Additionally, Hietschold, et al., (2014) revealed that process management is an important part of the total quality strategy. It is effective for the organization to manage the processes so that they operate as expected to ensure the better quality of products.

Therefore, it can be interpreted from the literature review that different researchers have provided different views on the CSFs required for TQM implementation. Overall, it can be stated that different CSFs like top management commitment, training, employee empowerment, employee engagement, process management, customer focus, supportive culture, strategic quality planning, etc. are required for successful implementation of the TQM approach.

Similarities and differences between CSFs and Building Blocks

The Business Excellence framework provides a set of different management standards that are used for business excellence. This framework consists of seven building blocks of excellence such as leadership, planning/strategy, information/knowledge, people, processes, customers, and results. Leadership is required for getting strategic direction and influencing the attitude towards excellence. After this, customers are also building the block that reflects the customer centric approach of the company to develop excellence.

(Source: Spring Singapore, 2017)

Strategy or planning is the important building block that is based on stakeholders’ interests and guides the development of people and process efficiency to obtain the set goals of the firm. Information or knowledge plays a crucial part in learning and innovation to make effective decisions and drive improvements.

On the basis of the above discussion on CSFs for TQM and building blocks, it can be stated that there are similarities and differences in both approaches. Building blocks are the base of the concepts of TQM implementation. There is the commonality between CSFs for TQM implementation and building blocks because both are interrelated to each other. For instance, leadership building block is related to CSFs like top management commitment, leadership, and supportive organizational culture.

There is a relationship between CSF namely strategic quality planning and product design and building block named as planning or strategy. Building block i.e. people are associated to different CSFs like employee empowerment and employee engagement and teamwork. About the customer perspective, CSF and building block are similar to each other. Information or knowledge can be gained by conducting training programs. However, building block namely results is related CSF of result oriented approach. The relationship between CSF and building block can be represented as below table:

Besides from these similarities, there are some differences between building blocks and CSFs of TQM. The CSFs reflect what the firm must accomplish to achieve the mission, whereas the building blocks are the minimum key factors or sub-goals that are required by the organization to achieve the goals.

Tools and techniques used for achieving the SQC or SQA level

As MPA is leading and largest Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore and this company regulate different services by managing the port and marine facilities and activities. In context to it, there is a large customer base of the MPA in the economy especially in Singapore and many other countries. But on the other hand, MPA Singapore uses different tools and techniques which help the company to manage its business activities and develop its customer base in a best efficient manner, i.e., by offering best products and services (Spring Singapore, 2017). While studying, it is observed that government of Singapore is more conscious about the public health and environment because of which different types of rules and regulations are developed to protect customer interest and help in organizations to develop their business to a large extent.

For developing the quality of service, MPA tried to take the support of building blocks like leadership, planning, employee and customer satisfaction and much more. In the organization, Singapore Quality Award plays the vital role as this award defines the actual quality result of the product and services offered to customers. Similarly, MPA Singapore (2016) stated that Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) involves in corporate social responsibility which helps in satisfying the customers in Singapore. The below table shows the BE assessment, administered by SPRING for MPA that is based on a

1,000 point-scale:

The above score (>800) shows greater heights of excellence and sustained global leadership of MPA. All these areas are evaluated for scaling performance of MPA as follows:

Leadership:

The leadership level of building block help in achieving the corporate social responsibility efficiently like doing charity or donation for handicapped kids school (Kids in play and Lighthouse School). Through, this contribution to the society help in demonstrating that maritime community takes part in reaching out to those people or children who are in need (Rezazadeh, 2017). From the survey, it is determined that MPA’s every year organize a charity program regarding raising the fund or for welfare program for visually handicapped children. This leadership effort of MPA is appreciable as it provides full effort by active volunteerism for community welfare. While doing corporate social responsibility, the firm used to face issues like high cost, lack of employee engagement and time and for which, leadership quality is required in best efficient and effective manner.

Customer Satisfaction:

MPA Company also focuses towards providing customer satisfaction because of which it was able to achieve Singapore Quality Award (SQA). MPA’s focuses on providing the excellent services to its customers by following proper excellence framework. For the organization, customer satisfaction is the major important factor that encourages the organization to perform or serve well to customers as the excellence services are always valued, recognized and rewarded (Nourani, et al., 2017). The tool which is used by MPA for achieving customer satisfaction is the service excellence framework which involves three different types of customer management tenets. The leadership team of MPAs always tries to follow the strategies which are developed in the form of policies, values or principles. On the other side, for providing the quality of service to customers, the organization uses customer driven services which help in judging the quality of service offered. Through customer driven services, it becomes easy for the company to manage the customer relationship as well as help in focusing towards the current and future customer and their requirements (Spring Singapore, 2017). Thus, increase in customer satisfaction level will lead Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore to achieve a Singapore Quality Award (SQA) and Singapore Quality Class (SQC) certificates.

Düren (2017) defined that strategy also plays the essential role in engaging the organization towards ensuring involvement of employee towards strategy development as well as help in establishing both long-term and short-term strategies and goals. So, MPA also actively focuses towards building collaborative committee or group that represents the maritime community (MPA, 2016)

In context to it, MPA decided to sign an MOU with IBM Company for protecting the data regarding security and also for port operational use. For achieving an SQA and SQC certificate, MPA developed a corporate and strategic planning cycle which helped the company to achieve organization goals and help in the implementation of strategic planning to different division areas of the company (MPA Singapore, 2016). The tool supported or used by MPA to develop effective strategic planning through organizational and personal learning that will help the company to increase company’s performance as well as help employees to participate and develop their learning.

People are the essential level of building block that assists the company to manage the benchmarking, increase employee performance, employee learning & engagement and satisfaction level. In concern to this level, MPA also develops Human Resource Planning in which they develop the future ready framework so that company gets ensure bout the right organization, right employee, right engagement and so on. The HR team and leadership team of MPA try to manage and work closely with management team to support them in taking right decisions (Gimenez-Espin, et al., 2013). MPA developed new HR Strategy Map in support of future ready journey in respect of improving the employee engagement, labor environment, talent management, managing HR processes, competency development. On the basis of the survey, it is determined that MPA adopts top-down and bottom-up approach with the help of which it becomes easy for the company to identify the need of learning in staff members or employees. Through this, MPA increased its chances or have potential employee engagement which leads to winning a Singapore Quality Award (SQA).

Information and knowledge management:

Information and knowledge management is another building block o business excellence which supports the organization in collecting the information and data related to organization outcomes & directions. This level is effective enough for MPA also as it guides in strategic development that leads to decision making for improvement and learning process (MPA, 2016). In concern to it, MPA developed an effective information architecture that helps in collecting and managing the information. For analyzing the collected data, MPA follows a knowledge management lifecycle in which data is created then it is stored and sorted, and then data is analyzed to check the reliability of the data or information (Goetsch and Davis, 2014). Similarly, MPA also developed strong security infrastructures which host various corporate systems as this security system help employees to easy access to authorized information from different various information system. Thus, this security and information management system are effective of MPA which help company to achieve Singapore Quality Award (SQA).

Processes include innovation capabilities and process management and supplier and partner management to achieve high-quality performance. Regarding this, MPA follows a framework focusing on envision reflecting innovation among its people, enable showing availability of tools and resources to nurture innovative ideas and engage reflecting the creation of the environment facilitating creativity and innovation. MPA engages its stakeholders through different vehicles industry initiatives, competition, funds, and schemes offering incentives, joint R&D partnerships and calls for proposals. It has taken several process improvement initiatives like Safe, Efficient & Sustainable Global Hub Port, Strong Maritime Singapore Identity, Quality Maritime Workforce, Maritime Knowledge & Innovation Hub and culture of excellence to enhance the improvement in its processes (MPA, 2016). The MPA Crisis Management Group (CMG) helps to manage the processes in the crisis. MPA also works with the suppliers such as regulated partners and capability development partners to improve capability and efficiency to achieve the quality standards.

The building block namely results can be measured in different levels including customer results, financial results, people results, and operational results. To achieve better customer results, it may be required for the firms to improve targets and meet trends based on customer satisfaction and retention and product performance and comparison with competitors and benchmarks.

According to the Pro-Enterprise Ranking (PER) Survey by Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) annually, MPA was ranked top among 26 government agencies since 2001due to its service excellence efforts. Concerning to the area of customer results, MPA is developing new e-solutions for the customers to enhance the productivity of the industry and improve the customer satisfaction level. As per the Marine survey, it is determined that more then 90% customers are satisfied with the e-services of MPA. Also, the number of marine incidents has declined steadily over the years showing the improvement in products and services of the company. It has instilled a safety-first culture at sea that is required for enhancing the service quality and customer satisfaction.

On the other hand, financial & market results are related to improvement in trends and targets met for financial performance indicators and marketplace indicators and comparison with the competitors. MPA has achieved financial performance by meeting budget marketmanship targets ranging from 95% to 105%in the last 3 years. Also, rewards like Best Seaport Asia award, Singapore Sustainability Awards 2015, Environmental Achievement Awards (SEAA) 2015, Singapore APEX CSR Awards 2015, etc. show its market performance.

At the same time, people results are oriented towards improvement trends and targets met for employee engagement, employee learning, employee wellbeing and satisfaction and comparison with the competitors and benchmarks(MPA, 2016). Regarding this, the company has improved in staff engagement and staff participation and invested substantially in staff development through training.

Also, operational results are based on improvement trends and targets met for business and processes, suppliers and partners, community and environmental protection, governance system and comparison with competitors and benchmarks. In concern of this, MPA has focused on R&D and safety and security and infrastructure projects and donated to the charity for community development and invested in the Maritime Singapore Green Initiative (MSGI) to protect the environment (MPA, 2016).

Effectiveness of applying the CSFs of TQM to achieve SQC or SQA

The application of CSFs of TQM is significant in achieving the SQC or SQA awards. It is because these awards are based on the quality achievements and CSFs are important to achieve the quality objectives to win these awards. The CSFs of TQM implementation like top management commitment, training, employee empowerment, customer focus, etc. are quite important for the firm to get the business excellence awards. It is also determined that there is matching between the CSFs of TQM implementation and building blocks of business excellence (Nourani, et al., 2017). Therefore, the relationship between both aspects also shows that these factors are effective for the firm to achieve these awards.

The CSFs are used to execute different approaches and strategies related to quality management to ensure the quality of goods and services. For example, MPA focuses on the customer satisfaction approaches to ensure the ultimate goals of the TQM that is also required for achieve the SQA. At the same time, the SQA shows the business excellence in Singapore reinforcing the image of the quality. This award is based on the maintenance of quality aspects in each and every perspective of the business(Gimenez-Espin, et al., 2013). Therefore, it was crucial for MPA to focus on the CSFs of quality implementation that enabled it to achieve the business excellence awards. The consideration of CSFs by the firm brings excellence in the operations and processes of the firm.

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Düren, P. (2017) Total quality management in academic libraries–best practices. Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries , 1(1), pp. 43-50.

Gimenez-Espin, J. A., Jiménez-Jiménez, D. and Martínez-Costa, M. (2013) Organizational culture for total quality management. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence , 24(5-6), pp. 678-692.

Goetsch, D. L. and Davis, S. B. (2014) Quality management for organizational excellence . Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson.

Hietschold, N., Reinhardt, R., &Gurtner, S. (2014) Measuring critical success factors of TQM implementation successfully–a systematic literature review. International Journal of Production Research , 52(21), pp.6254-6272.

Irfan, S. M., &Kee, D. H. (2013) Critical success factors of TQM and its impact on increased service quality: A case from service sector of Pakistan. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research , 15(1), pp.61-74.

Khanna, H. K., Sharma, D. D., &Laroiya, S. C. (2011) Identifying and ranking critical success factors for implementation of total quality management in the Indian manufacturing industry using TOPSIS. Asian Journal on Quality , 12(1), pp.124-138.

MPA (2016) Annual Report. [Online] Available at: http://www.mpa.gov.sg/web/portal/home/about-mpa/annual-report (Accessed: 28th June, 2017).

MPA Singapore (2016) Summary Report. [Online] Available at: https://www.spring.gov.sg/Building-Trust/Business-Excellence/Documents/SQA_MPA_2016_Summary_Report.pdf (Accessed: 28th June, 2017).

Nourani, M., Devadason, E. S., Kweh, Q. L. and Lu, W. M. (2017) Business excellence: the managerial and value-creation efficiencies of the insurance companies. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence , 28(7-8), pp. 879-896.

Ooi, K. B., Lin, B., Tan, B. I., & Yee-Loong Chong, A. (2011) Are TQM practices supporting customer satisfaction and service quality?. Journal of Services Marketing , 25(6), pp.410-419.

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Rezazadeh, A., Najafi, S., Hatami-Shirkouhi, L., & Miri-Nargesi, S. (2012) Evaluating and prioritising critical success factors of TQM implementation based on fuzzy AHP. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management , 9(1), pp.1-24.

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86 Operations Management Topics

Operations management orchestrates all the processes to produce goods and deliver services efficiently. On this page, we suggest operations management research topics for you to explore the multifaceted dimensions of this field. Go through these operations management topics to discover the role of operations management in organizational success.

🔀 TOP 10 Operations Management Topics

🏆 best operations management research topics, 👍 examples of topics in operations management, 🌶️ more operations management topics.

Starbucks Operations and Inventory Management
Samsung Group’s Supply Chain and Operation Management
Operations Management: Apple Case Study
The Role of Technology in Operations Management
Human Resource Strategy in Operations Management
McDonald’s Operations: Self-Service Kiosk Case Study
Air New Zealand Airline’s Operations Management
Operational Management: the Case of Apple, Inc.
Samsung Electronics: Operations Management Performance Objectives
Apple Inc.’s Strategic Operations Management
Operations Management: The Case of Concept Design Services Operations management is the approach to managing a range of resources that are used in order to manufacture certain products or propose specific services.
Nissan Motor Company: Operations Management To ensure financial stability and a strong position in the target market, recently, Nissan has decided to reorganize its operations strategy.
Hard Rock Café’s Operations Management and Productivity The case deals with Hard Rock café, the modest pub in London, which has grown exponentially within a very short span of 30 years.
Linear Programming Operations Management Linear programming operations management is a mathematical strategy that is employed for arranging scarce or limited resources effectively while performing various tasks.
Kodak: Operations and Innovations Management This paper provides analysis of Kodak’s situation using the 3S model, application to Kodak, providing strategic analysis, systematic analysis, and situational analysis.
Toyota’s vs. Coca-Cola’s Operations Management The adoption of proper operations management is an important success factor for leading global companies, namely Coca-Cola and Toyota.
Financial Operation Exposure Management Principles There are many principles that a company can implement to counter financial operation exposure. The definition of operating exposure affirms that it involves unexpected changes.
Lenovo Group Ltd.’s Operations and Information Management The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of operations and information management and related concepts.
General Motors Operation Analysis: Project Management Speaking of General Motors, the company’s operational objective is improving performance and the level of customers’ satisfaction.
Heathrow Airport’s Service Operations Management The study evaluates service management at Heathrow airport and evaluates actions and measures that have been taken to improve the service quality at the airport.
General Motors Company: Operations Management Concepts The present essay analyzes the current situation at General Motors and provides some recommendations for effective operations management.
McDonald Corporation: Operations Management and Productivity In all the restaurants under McDonald Corporation around the world, there are a number of operations that are related to the overall organizational strategy.
Non-Alcoholic Beverage Industry’s Operation and Management The paper regards the non-alcoholic beverages sustainability in the context of company analysis. It discusses organizational hierarchy development and finance raising.
Hard Rock Café: Operations Management and Productivity This paper describes ten operations and performance management solutions at Hard Rock Café that help create the link between raw data processing and the final product.
WalMart Stores’ Operation Management Operation management is the process that transfers inputs such as raw materials and labor into output in the form of finished goods and services.
Operations Management Trends and Future Operations management has evolved and changed over the years, affecting areas such as manufacturing and service.
Operations Management in Business Operations management is described as the organization of processes used to produce and distribute products and services. There are five main objectives of operations management.
Franklin Equipment Ltd Company’s Operations Management The purpose of this paper is to discuss the criteria used by FEL to assign members of the project team, the importance of international projects and possible ethical dilemmas.
Local Food Venture and Its Operations Management Building a small business enterprise is a complex task. This case study examines a model of expanding a local food venture to a permanent location and franchise.
Airbus Company Systems and Operations Management In the context of the Airbus and its integration within business, systems and operations management is of significant importance in diverse ways.
Operations Management and Productivity Operation management aims at ensuring that functions in a business are conducted in the most efficient manner, so as the end results are satisfied customers and reduced cost of production.
Oman Refinery Company’s Operations Management T report aims to analyse critically ORPIC’s existing operations management practices, focusing on such areas as HR, quality management, and supply chain.
Transport Efficiency Through Operation Management Operations management is one of the management fields which are increasingly becoming relevant in the competitive business environment.
Construction Company’s Operational Risk Management This work presents an operational risk assessment connected to standard masonry techniques and procedures in the development of five-story apartment blocks.
Operations Management of a Care Facility for the Elderly Any institution dealing with the provision of care to dependent elderly persons should ensure that its strategies are broad enough to cover the wide range of needs of the elderly.
Operations Management Research Operations management is connected directly to the value stream and is thus tasked to maximize its effectiveness and efficiency.
Azure: Service Operations Management Overview The operation that Microsoft nurtures provides customers with numerous cloud services that are assembled under the name of Azure.
Thai-Lay Fashion Company’s Operations Management The paper reviews operations management in business with reference to the Thai-Lay Fashion Company Ltd., which is situated in Hong Kong.
Metrics and Performance Measurement in Operations Management Metrics is indeed a powerful management tool in aligning company strategies and objectives and ensuring people are working towards a common direction.
Lean Process and Operation Management The lean process applied along with the operations management is the popular paradigm that affects the functioning of companies and results in the rise of positive shifts in them.
The Concept of Operations Management Operations management (OM) is defined as the design, operation, and improvement of the systems that create and deliver the firm’s primary products.
Combat Stress and Operational Stress Management Combat and operational stress is emotional and physiological stress which is a direct result of dangers faced in combat or the mere tension of being in combat.
Operations Management of Logistics and Supply Chain The effective operations management of logistics and supply chain can deliver various goals such as cost reduction, timely response, waste reduction, and improved profitability.
Operation Management and Value Chain in Healthcare One of the main challenges in healthcare is that service cost reduction should not affect health outcomes in patients.
Strategic Shipping Operations Management: Liquefied Natural Gas This research analyzes some commercial and technical strategies most beneficial to facilitate the transportation of LNG with specialized designed LNG tankers.
Online Grocery Business: Operations Management The project can have one and more critical paths. When a project has multiple critical paths, project risks increase according to the number of paths.
Production and Operations Management Depreciation of products means lower prices for goods produced in mainland China. Products with a lower price may increase exports from both Hong Kong and mainland China.
Aspects of Operations Management Operations management is a vast and encompassing term used to collectively describe all business activities, which drive its internal processes.
Operations Management: Ford vs. Firestone This paper is an analysis of Ford vs. Firestone case “Death on the Highway: Quality Problems at Ford and Firestone” to unearth the operations management crisis in the two companies.
Introduction to Operations Management Course The “Introduction to management” course built a strong foundation of knowledge connected with the organization’s peculiarities, management strategies, and organization operations.
Operations Management and Production System: Case of Olive Garden Restaurant The presented paper is devoted to the discussion of operations management and production system using the case of Olive Garden restaurant
Launching an Airline: Operations and Management Launching an airline requires a deep understanding of the market forces. The industry has many challenges, from stiff competition, to fluctuating oil prices, and policies that may hurt profitability.
Big Bone BBQ and Wicked Wings Restaurants’ Operations Management The current system of Big Bone BBQ is successful, but it does not realize its full potential due to a lack of automation that leads to imprecision and considerable wastage.
Roche Company’s Operations Management This report examines three of Roche’s OM decision areas, compares and contrasts the organisation with another firm using the 4Vs of operations.
Canbide Corporation Operations Management Tools This paper focuses on individual problems and potential solutions of Canbide Corporation with an emphasis on the need to have managers who are experienced to use analysis tools efficiently.
Operations Management and Productivity It is certain that operations management is crucial for every business that strives for development. This field addresses an array of organizational processes.
Operational Management in Large Organizations Using the example of Zara and Kohl stores, the paper analyzes the most effective strategies that allowed companies to realize themselves as profitably as possible.
Operations Management Definition Operations management is an essential process that uses raw materials to turn them into goods and services. This phenomenon is connected with the supply chain.
Operations and Information Management of CC Music The given report outlines the main features of CC Music, a company founded by Chris and Clive. It focuses on the provision of specific services to bands that include social media marketing.
The Operations Process and Types of Training Management in the Army Training is a significant aspect of improving the skills of soldiers and preparing them for upcoming or potential operations.
Operations and Supply Chain Management The principal task of this essay is to explain what can happen if a project stage is not completed and if a stakeholder decides not to participate in the project implementation.
Innovation in Operation Management – Personal Experience To overcome the different challenges faced by companies, they must put in place some strategies like differentiating their products or services from those of the competition.
Operations Management in Thai-Lay Fashion Company Ltd. Thai-Lay is a textile manufacturing company in Hong Kong with its markets situated mainly in Europe. The company produces a wide range of ready-made garments for adults and children of both sexes.
CB&I Firm’s Operations and Supply Chain Management CB&I is an American construction and building company that also supplies raw materials to various small and medium-sized firms.
Emergency Operations and Its Management This essay discusses emergency operations centers, and plans, preparing the populace, the press role, risk communication, and training and preparedness exercises.
Operations Management: Factors and Approaches Operations management is critical for any business because it can be used for effective work that ensures the possibility to meet the overall business objectives.
“Operations Management” Term in Academic Literature This paper is aimed at discussing the way in which the business notion of “operations management” is introduced in the academic literature.
Project and Operation Management Essentials Operation management can be defined as a system of theories and strategies aimed at optimizing the processes occurring in the setting of entrepreneurship or aimed at completing a specific project.
Azzaz Shop’s Operations and Information Management Azzaz is a mobile phone and accessories retailer based in England, owned by Lewis. The business started with a single shop, which Lewis has grown into a chain of eleven.
Nutmeg Enterprises’ Operations Management In the case study of Nutmeg Enterprises, the operational framework of the beverage manufacturer and distributor is provided.
Worldwide Chemical Company’s Operations Management The current “fix it” approach maintained by the Worldwide Chemical Company is ultimately faulty. It leads to the decreased first-quality product yields and on-time deliveries.
American Workplace and Operations Management The paper reviews “State of the American Workplace” analysis by Gallup and provides applications of operations management concepts to improving employee engagement.
Abasco Company: Operations Management Although Abasco, Inc. has been developing at a rather fast pace in the manufacturing department, it has been showing comparatively low performance rates since recently.
EBags Company: Operations Management Analysis EBags had big expectations for the opportunities that the European market supposedly had in store for the company since there was a niche that the entrepreneurship was going to fill.
The Oasis Company Operations Management The Oasis Company has been in business for quite a while (since the 1990s). The essential purpose of the organization under analysis concerns providing flowers.
Operations and Supply Chain: Management Course The course serves as a real eye-opener in terms of what gravity the choice of the operation strategy and framework has on the overall efficacy of an organization.

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MBA Case Studies - Solved Examples

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Case i: chemco case.

ChemCo is a quality leader in the U.K. car batteries market.
Customer battery purchases in the automobile market are highly seasonal.
The fork-lift business was added to utilize idle capacity during periods of inactivity.
This is a low-growth industry (1% annual growth over the last two years)
Large customers are sophisticated and buy based on price and quality. Smaller customers buy solely on price.
There is a Spanish competitor in the market who offers low priced batteries of inferior quality.

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High quality product, but low end customers care more about price than quality
Mismanaged product diversification in a price sensitive market
Alternative 1: Establish an Off-Brand for the fork-lift business
Alternative 2: Educate the customer market about product quality
Alternative 3: Exit the fork-lift battery business
Establishing the firm's quality image
Increase in market share
Increase in sales
Cost of the product
Protect firm's quality image in the automobile industry
Redesigned product to reduce the cost of manufacture
Low price to enable it to compete with Spanish producer
Make use of the quality leadership in car batteries market
Offer reliability testing, extended warranties etc. to promote quality image
Set higher prices to extract surplus from these advantages
A passive strategy, not proactive
Recommendations: Alternative 1 is recommended in this case. Since the firm operates in an industry which has low growth, hence it can expand market share and sales only by taking the customers from other players. Hence, it needs to tackle the Spanish competitor head-on by aggressively pricing its product. At the same time, launching a low-priced product under the same brand name erodes the high quality image in the car batteries market. Hence, the best option is to go for an off-brand to target the fork-lift customers who are increasingly becoming price sensitive. This will enable the company to ward off the threat in short-term and build its position strongly in the long-term.

Case II: NAKAMURA LACQUER COMPANY

The Nakamura Lacquer Company: The Nakamura Lacquer Company based in Kyoto, Japan was one of the many small handicraft shops making lacquerware for the daily table use of the Japanese people.
Mr. Nakamura- the personality: In 1948, a young Mr. Nakamura took over his family business. He saw an opportunity to cater to a new market of America, i.e. GI's of the Occupation Army who had begun to buy lacquer ware as souvenirs. However, he realized that the traditional handicraft methods were inadequate. He was an innovator and introduced simple methods of processing and inspection using machines. Four years later, when the Occupation Army left in 1952, Nakamura employed several thousand men, and produced 500,000 pieces of lacquers tableware each year for the Japanese mass consumer market. The profit from operations was $250,000.
The Brand: Nakamura named his brand “Chrysanthemum” after the national flower of Japan, which showed his patriotic fervor. The brand became Japan's best known and best selling brand, being synonymous with good quality, middle class and dependability.
The Market: The market for lacquerware in Japan seems to have matured, with the production steady at 500,000 pieces a year. Nakamura did practically no business outside of Japan. However, early in 1960, when the American interest in Japanese products began to grow, Nakamura received two offers
The Rose and Crown offer: The first offer was from Mr. Phil Rose, V.P Marketing at the National China Company. They were the largest manufacturer of good quality dinnerware in the U.S., with their “Rose and Crown” brand accounting for almost 30% of total sales. They were willing to give a firm order for three eyes for annual purchases of 400,000 sets of lacquer dinnerware, delivered in Japan and at 5% more than what the Japanese jobbers paid. However, Nakamura would have to forego the Chrysanthemum trademark to “Rose and Crown” and also undertaken to sell lacquer ware to anyone else the U.S. The offer promised returns of $720,000 over three years (with net returns of $83,000), but with little potential for the U.S. market on the Chrysanthemum brand beyond that period.
The Semmelback offer: The second offer was from Mr. Walter Sammelback of Sammelback, Sammelback and Whittacker, Chicago, the largest supplier of hotel and restaurant supplies in the U.S. They perceived a U.S. market of 600,000 sets a year, expecting it to go up to 2 million in around 5 years. Since the Japanese government did not allow overseas investment, Sammelback was willing to budget $1.5 million. Although the offer implied negative returns of $467,000 over the first five years, the offer had the potential to give a $1 million profit if sales picked up as anticipated.
Meeting the order: To meet the numbers requirement of the orders, Nakamura would either have to expand capacity or cut down on the domestic market. If he chose to expand capacity, the danger was of idle capacity in case the U.S. market did not respond. If he cut down on the domestic market, the danger was of losing out on a well-established market. Nakamura could also source part of the supply from other vendors. However, this option would not find favor with either of the American buyers since they had approached only Nakamura, realizing that he was the best person to meet the order.
Decision problem: Whether to accept any of the two offers and if yes, which one of the two and under what terms of conditions?
To expand into the U.S. market.
To maintain and build upon their reputation of the “Chrysanthemum” brand
To increase profit volumes by tapping the U.S. market and as a result, increasing scale of operations.
To increase its share in the U.S. lacquerware market.
Profit Maximization criterion: The most important criterion in the long run is profit maximization.
Risk criterion: Since the demand in the U.S. market is not as much as in Japan.
Brand identity criterion: Nakamura has painstakingly built up a brand name in Japan. It is desirable for him to compete in the U.S. market under the same brand name
Flexibility criterion: The chosen option should offer Nakamura flexibility in maneuvering the terms and conditions to his advantage. Additionally, Nakamura should have bargaining power at the time of renewal of the contract.
Short term returns: Nakamura should receive some returns on the investment he makes on the new offers. However, this criterion may be compromised in favor of profit maximization in the long run.?
Reject both: React both the offers and concentrate on the domestic market
Accept RC offer: Accept the Rose and Crown offer and supply the offer by cutting down on supplies to the domestic market or through capacity expansion or both
Accept SSW: offer; accept the SSW offer and meet it through cutting down on supply to the domestic market or through capacity expansion or both. Negotiate term of supply.
Reject both: This option would not meet the primary criterion of profit maximization. Further, the objective of growth would also not be met. Hence, this option is rejected.
Accept RC offer: The RC offer would assure net returns of $283,000 over the next three yeas. It also assures regular returns of $240,000 per year. However, Nakamura would have no presence in the U.S. with its Chrysanthemum brand name The RC offer would entail capacity expansion, as it would not be possible to siphon of 275,000 pieces from the domestic market over three years without adversely affecting operations there. At the end of three years, Nakamura would have little bargaining power with RC as it would have an excess capacity of 275,000 pieces and excess labor which it would want to utilize. In this sense the offer is risky. Further, the offer is not flexible. Long-term profit maximization is uncertain in this case a condition that can be controlled in the SSW offer. Hence, this offer is rejected.
Accept SSW offer: The SSW offer does not assure a firm order or any returns for the period of contract. Although, in its present form the offer is risky if the market in the U.S. does not pick up as expected, the offer is flexible. If Nakamura were to exhibit caution initially by supplying only 300,000 instead of the anticipated 600,000 pieces, it could siphon off the 175,000 required from the domestic market. If demand exists in the U.S., the capacity can be expanded. With this offer, risk is minimized. Further, it would be competing on its own brand name. Distribution would be taken care of and long-term profit maximization criterion would be satisfied as this option has the potential of $1 million in profits per year. At the time of renewal of the contract, Nakamura would have immense bargaining power.
Negotiate terms of offer with SSW: The terms would be that NLC would supply 300,000 pieces in the first year. If market demand exists, NLC should expand capacity to provide the expected demand.
Action Plan: In the first phase, NLC would supply SSW with 300,000 pieces. 125,000 of these would be obtained by utilizing excess capacity, while the remaining would be obtained from the domestic market. If the expected demand for lacquer ware exists in the U.S., NLC would expand capacity to meet the expected demand. The debt incurred would be paid off by the fifth year.
Contingency Plan: In case the demand is not as expected in the first year, NLC should not service the U.S. market and instead concentrate on increasing penetration in the domestic market.

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How to Solve the Assignment Problem: A Complete Guide

Table of Contents

Assignment problem is a special type of linear programming problem that deals with assigning a number of resources to an equal number of tasks in the most efficient way. The goal is to minimize the total cost of assignments while ensuring that each task is assigned to only one resource and each resource is assigned to only one task. In this blog, we will discuss the solution of the assignment problem using the Hungarian method, which is a popular algorithm for solving the problem.

Understanding the Assignment Problem

Before we dive into the solution, it is important to understand the problem itself. In the assignment problem, we have a matrix of costs, where each row represents a resource and each column represents a task. The objective is to assign each resource to a task in such a way that the total cost of assignments is minimized. However, there are certain constraints that need to be satisfied – each resource can be assigned to only one task and each task can be assigned to only one resource.

Solving the Assignment Problem

There are various methods for solving the assignment problem, including the Hungarian method, the brute force method, and the auction algorithm. Here, we will focus on the steps involved in solving the assignment problem using the Hungarian method, which is the most commonly used and efficient method.

Step 1: Set up the cost matrix

The first step in solving the assignment problem is to set up the cost matrix, which represents the cost of assigning a task to an agent. The matrix should be square and have the same number of rows and columns as the number of tasks and agents, respectively.

Step 2: Subtract the smallest element from each row and column

To simplify the calculations, we need to reduce the size of the cost matrix by subtracting the smallest element from each row and column. This step is called matrix reduction.

Step 3: Cover all zeros with the minimum number of lines

The next step is to cover all zeros in the matrix with the minimum number of horizontal and vertical lines. This step is called matrix covering.

Step 4: Test for optimality and adjust the matrix

To test for optimality, we need to calculate the minimum number of lines required to cover all zeros in the matrix. If the number of lines equals the number of rows or columns, the solution is optimal. If not, we need to adjust the matrix and repeat steps 3 and 4 until we get an optimal solution.

Step 5: Assign the tasks to the agents

The final step is to assign the tasks to the agents based on the optimal solution obtained in step 4. This will give us the most cost-effective or profit-maximizing assignment.

Solution of the Assignment Problem using the Hungarian Method

The Hungarian method is an algorithm that uses a step-by-step approach to find the optimal assignment. The algorithm consists of the following steps:

Subtract the smallest entry in each row from all the entries of the row.
Subtract the smallest entry in each column from all the entries of the column.
Draw the minimum number of lines to cover all zeros in the matrix. If the number of lines drawn is equal to the number of rows, we have an optimal solution. If not, go to step 4.
Determine the smallest entry not covered by any line. Subtract it from all uncovered entries and add it to all entries covered by two lines. Go to step 3.

The above steps are repeated until an optimal solution is obtained. The optimal solution will have all zeros covered by the minimum number of lines. The assignments can be made by selecting the rows and columns with a single zero in the final matrix.

Applications of the Assignment Problem

The assignment problem has various applications in different fields, including computer science, economics, logistics, and management. In this section, we will provide some examples of how the assignment problem is used in real-life situations.

Applications in Computer Science

The assignment problem can be used in computer science to allocate resources to different tasks, such as allocating memory to processes or assigning threads to processors.

Applications in Economics

The assignment problem can be used in economics to allocate resources to different agents, such as allocating workers to jobs or assigning projects to contractors.

Applications in Logistics

The assignment problem can be used in logistics to allocate resources to different activities, such as allocating vehicles to routes or assigning warehouses to customers.

Applications in Management

The assignment problem can be used in management to allocate resources to different projects, such as allocating employees to tasks or assigning budgets to departments.

Let’s consider the following scenario: a manager needs to assign three employees to three different tasks. Each employee has different skills, and each task requires specific skills. The manager wants to minimize the total time it takes to complete all the tasks. The skills and the time required for each task are given in the table below:

The assignment problem is to determine which employee should be assigned to which task to minimize the total time required. To solve this problem, we can use the Hungarian method, which we discussed in the previous blog.

Using the Hungarian method, we first subtract the smallest entry in each row from all the entries of the row:

Next, we subtract the smallest entry in each column from all the entries of the column:

We draw the minimum number of lines to cover all the zeros in the matrix, which in this case is three:

Since the number of lines is equal to the number of rows, we have an optimal solution. The assignments can be made by selecting the rows and columns with a single zero in the final matrix. In this case, the optimal assignments are:

Emp 1 to Task 3
Emp 2 to Task 2
Emp 3 to Task 1

This assignment results in a total time of 9 units.

I hope this example helps you better understand the assignment problem and how to solve it using the Hungarian method.

Solving the assignment problem may seem daunting, but with the right approach, it can be a straightforward process. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can confidently tackle any assignment problem that comes your way.

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Operations Research

1 Operations Research-An Overview

History of O.R.
Approach, Techniques and Tools
Phases and Processes of O.R. Study
Typical Applications of O.R
Limitations of Operations Research
Models in Operations Research
O.R. in real world

2 Linear Programming: Formulation and Graphical Method

General formulation of Linear Programming Problem
Optimisation Models
Basics of Graphic Method
Important steps to draw graph
Multiple, Unbounded Solution and Infeasible Problems
Solving Linear Programming Graphically Using Computer
Application of Linear Programming in Business and Industry

3 Linear Programming-Simplex Method

Principle of Simplex Method
Computational aspect of Simplex Method
Simplex Method with several Decision Variables
Two Phase and M-method
Multiple Solution, Unbounded Solution and Infeasible Problem
Sensitivity Analysis
Dual Linear Programming Problem

4 Transportation Problem

Basic Feasible Solution of a Transportation Problem
Modified Distribution Method
Stepping Stone Method
Unbalanced Transportation Problem
Degenerate Transportation Problem
Transhipment Problem
Maximisation in a Transportation Problem

5 Assignment Problem

Solution of the Assignment Problem
Unbalanced Assignment Problem
Problem with some Infeasible Assignments
Maximisation in an Assignment Problem
Crew Assignment Problem

6 Application of Excel Solver to Solve LPP

Building Excel model for solving LP: An Illustrative Example

7 Goal Programming

Concepts of goal programming
Goal programming model formulation
Graphical method of goal programming
The simplex method of goal programming
Using Excel Solver to Solve Goal Programming Models
Application areas of goal programming

8 Integer Programming

Some Integer Programming Formulation Techniques
Binary Representation of General Integer Variables
Unimodularity
Cutting Plane Method
Branch and Bound Method
Solver Solution

9 Dynamic Programming

Dynamic Programming Methodology: An Example
Definitions and Notations
Dynamic Programming Applications

10 Non-Linear Programming

Solution of a Non-linear Programming Problem
Convex and Concave Functions
Kuhn-Tucker Conditions for Constrained Optimisation
Quadratic Programming
Separable Programming
NLP Models with Solver

11 Introduction to game theory and its Applications

Important terms in Game Theory
Saddle points
Mixed strategies: Games without saddle points
2 x n games
Exploiting an opponent’s mistakes

12 Monte Carlo Simulation

Reasons for using simulation
Monte Carlo simulation
Limitations of simulation
Steps in the simulation process
Some practical applications of simulation
Two typical examples of hand-computed simulation
Computer simulation

13 Queueing Models

Characteristics of a queueing model
Notations and Symbols
Statistical methods in queueing
The M/M/I System
The M/M/C System
The M/Ek/I System
Decision problems in queueing

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MBA Operations Management Project Topics

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A study on inventory management system in company (MBA Operations)
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Quality issues related to enhancing customer satisfaction (both internal and external) to ensure long-term customer loyalty
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A study on Production and inventory control, procurement, distribution, and their interrelationships
ESCM in the FMCG Sector the Present & the Future
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Critical Success Factors of Six Sigma Implementation in an Organization
Analysis of Total Quality Management Implementation in an Organization
A Study on Warehousing
Study of Operations at Retail Industry
A Study on Total Quality Management in Company
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Study of Six Sigma Implementation in Organization
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Operations Project on Issues in distribution of perishable products
A study on Inventory control, procurement, distribution, and their interrelationships at Gedore India ( Operation Project)
A Study on Material Handling and Inventory Management
How To Smoothing the Process of Production, Through Planning and Better Supervision
Impact of e-supply chain on supply chain optimization of Retail Malls
A study on Supply chain management of Big Bazaar (Operation Project)
Study of Distribution & Logistic Management in GSK Consumer Healthcare
Study of Lean Manufacturing-Concept, Application, Limitations
The Impact of E-Commerce on Supply Chain Management
Latest Six Sigma Concept at Larsen & Tourbo Limited (Operation Project)
Comparative Analysis of Tools and Processes as used in Six Sigma
Impact of E-Commerce on Supply Chain Management of Retail Malls
Logistics business proposition for the Logistics Park at Palwal, Haryana taking into account HTPL
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A Study on TQM in Organization (MBA Operation Project)
Rail transportation vs. Road transportation- a comparison on feasibility
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SOP For MBA in Operations Management [Download Free Sample SOP – 2022]

Post author: shruti
Post published: March 9, 2022
Post category: SOP
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Writing a college application can be a tiresome and confusing task. The process will involve various different elements to be prepared, proofread, and compiled. One document of significant importance that you will prepare for your application is your SOP for MBA in Operations Management. This is a decisive document that can bridge the gap between your admission and rejection. This makes it important that you dedicate ample time to prepare a well-written SOP for MBA in Operations Management for your application.

MBA in Operations Management

This decade and the years leading up to it have been marked by the immense expansion of E-commerce and various new platforms and modes of trade. This has led to a need for specialized studies that deal with an In-Depth Understanding of various mechanisms related to manufacturing processes and logistics.

MBA in Operations Management is one such specialization that deals with various aspects of running a business revolving around the production and manufacturing process, transport and supply chain mechanisms, and other business operations-related topics.

This course prepares you for roles in a variety of sectors not necessarily restricted to manufacturing and production.

An MBA in Operations Management will open up your career roles in operations-related positions as well as positions in Wholesale trade, leading E-commerce firms, and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, individuals with MBA in Operations Management can also go for consultant roles and entrepreneurial careers.

Colleges Offering MBA in Operations Management

Even relatively new specializations like Operations Management are being offered at leading business schools nationally and globally.

Leading Foreign Universities Offering MBA in Operations Management are:-

MIT Sloan School of Management
Carnegie Mellon University’s Tepper School of Business
Michigan Ross School of Business
Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford University.

Leading Indian Colleges Offering MBA in Operations Management are:-

Indian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad
Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore.
Indian Institute of Management, Kolkata.
Symbiosis Institute of International Business, Pune.

Structure for SOP For MBA in Operations Management

Not unlike other MBA specializations, your SOP for operations management should run heavy on details and highlight your conflict redressal, Data analysis, and project management skills. It is important that you adhere to a good structure while creating your SOP in order to ensure you sound convincing in your writing and make a comprehensive that sets you apart from other candidates.

Consider the Following Structure for Your Statement of Purpose:-

Start with a relevant quote. This is optional but sets a good first impression on the reader.
Your first paragraph is where you introduce yourself in brief, with a few lines about who you are and what are your inspirations in life. Also mention the course you’re applying to in this paragraph.
Your second paragraph deals with your academic background, what college did you complete your bachelor from? What were some projects you undertook? Teams you worked with and societies you were a part of?. Answers to these questions help the board assess your leadership and other relevant skills.
Your third paragraph highlights your professional work experience. Highlight the relevant skills you have acquired working as a professional, and mention what firms you have worked for and what roles and positions of responsibility you held.
Conclude with your final remarks, highlighting why your experience and education set the right base for your MBA in operations management and what are your goals in life after you complete the course.

Get SOP Quote

Golden Rules for SOP Writing for MBA in Operations Management

Highlight relevant skills.

Make sure that you highlight the skills that are relevant to the course you are applying to. Avoid cramming too much information about experiences and skills that do not relate to your MBA in operations management.

Your best chance at standing out in the competition and securing admission is by being unique. Do not go for general templates and cliche lines. Use your creativity to create a unique and effective SOP.

Grammar is Important

A good statement of purpose for operations management is marked by the use of simple and comprehensive vocabulary, easy sentence structures, and good grammar. It is important that you run your work through various efficient grammar tools as well as manually proofread your SOP several times.

Consult Experts in Your Domain

Make sure you consult experts who have experience in the field and have been working in the industry for a significant period. This will help you get better insights and create an efficient SOP.

Keep Your Tone in Check

Try striking the right balance between a formal and personal tone. Make sure you do not sound confused in your writing. Use bold words and statements which reflect confidence while maintaining a humble tone.

Sample SOP for MBA in Operations Management

Statement of purpose.

In the competitive business space, it is not enough to have a basic qualification and tap opportunities with a standard skillset. To keep up the pace with changing market trends and rise above other industry players, one needs to sharpen their acumen and upgrade their existing skills. With a strong ambition to achieve my career milestones and augment my professional growth, I am applying for the MBA in Operations Management program at the _________ College, UK. Being a part of this progressive academic environment will streamline my profile.

I hold an Engineering degree, along with three years of work experience, that bestowed me with adequate exposure to the business field. Besides, my father runs his own business and I have been helping him since my high school days. It has been his long-time dream to see me taking over the entire responsibilities of managing his company. I owe it to my personal background for getting me inclined towards the business and management field. My professional experience further instigated my interest in operation management. I truly believe that I have the required capabilities to run an organization as a whole and efficiently manage people to boost business growth. I have never been hesitant in embracing challenges and always strived hard to accomplish my set goals.

I studied BE. in Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Lala Prasad Engineering College. Here, I derived vast knowledge about the world of technology. Academic projects, internships and workshops brought me extensive practical know-how and skills. I felt the thrill as well as enrichment while handling multiple projects since it gave me good scope to utilize whatever I learned so far then. Besides studies, I was proactive in extracurricular activities as well. I took part in several events including tech and cultural fests. I got the opportunity to embrace various roles such as the Event Coordinator for the Swacch Bharat campaign organized by our college. I also served as the Head of the Tech Symposium of our department. These platforms instilled immense confidence in me and developed my communication and managerial skills vastly. Meanwhile, I got to enhance my oratory and organizational skills, presenting several papers, that were a part of the curriculum.

My professional journey began right after completing my graduation when I joined as a Site Coordinator at Falcon Promoters. I was mostly responsible for coordinating with on-site contractors, keeping a tab on the progress of different construction projects, interacting with architects and structural engineers and tracking materials. During my three years of tenure here, I executed all my duties with utmost sincerity. I made myself adept at multi-task and simultaneously, looked for ways to enhance my practical skills. All this time, I strived for rising up the professional hierarchy. Many a time, I felt that an MBA degree will infuse more value into my existing profile. A relevant course that would help me gain specialization in operation management seemed to be ideal to boost my leadership qualities and managerial abilities. I am already well-aware of the workings of the different departments within a company to ensure smooth workflow and promote the overall growth of its business. Considering this, I believe that I am qualified enough for the proposed MBA program offered at __________ College and acquire global and advanced insights about operations management.

What specifically impressed me about ___________ College is that it has an excellent worldwide reputation for providing highly advanced courses in interdisciplinary studies pertaining to business, finance, information technology and science. The certification of programs offered by this institute is globally recognized. Many online reviews and students’ forums also helped me to make my academic decision. While it has an impressive world ranking, the college also has several experienced professors, state-of-art learning and research facilities and sprawling campus settings.

The UK seems to be the best academic ground for me, given that the country is celebrated for its high-quality educational system. It is considered to be a safe and secure educational haven. Besides, it houses several top-ranking universities that offer extensive learning opportunities. This, in turn, attracts thousands of students from across the globe. Moreover, I have always been smitten with the high standards and culture of the UK. This happens to be one of the prime reasons for choosing this particular country.

The MBA in Operations Management program offered in this esteemed College has been designed for those professionals who are interested to boost their career growth. The learning modules cover core areas such as operations management, organisational behaviour, corporate finance, marketing and strategic management. Under the tutelage of highly qualified professors and business experts here, I will get to have direct professional insights into diverse industries. Without a doubt, the MBA program will mould me into an accomplished professional. Besides, it will support me while serving a managerial role in operations in any reputed organisation. Furthermore, it will help me attract rewarding employment opportunities in India with better remuneration. I am eagerly looking forward to cherishing the holistic academic experience from the prestigious college and making my professional path fulfilling and successful

[Download Free Sample SOP-2022]

Credits: This SOP has been sourced from https://www.sopformba.com/

FAQs Related to SOP Writing

Who reads my sop.

SOPs are often read not exclusively by professors and senior faculty members, but by administrative staff and faculty responsible for admission procedures. So make sure not to use overly technical terms while describing your projects and make your work comprehensive.

I’m switching fields for my MBA, is it important to explain the reasons for the same in my SOP?

Yes, when switching fields, one should always clearly mention their reasons behind the decision in their SOP, while making a convincing argument for why their previous education and experience provides a strong foundation for their higher education.

What should be the format for my SOP?

A good format is crucial for making your SOP more effective.

Consider the following format

Font- Times New Roman

Paragraph Align- Justify

What should be the length of my SOP?

Strictly adhere to the word limit as specified by the University or college. In case this isn’t mentioned, do not exceed 1000 words while writing your SOP. Shorter and informative SOPs have a positive impact on the reader.

An MBA in Operations Management opens up your career to wide-ranging possibilities including entrepreneurial career prospects, operational and managerial positions in globally leading firms and consultancy roles.

In order to secure your admission at a college of repute, it is important that you write a strong and impactful statement of purpose that well highlights your relevant skill sets and temperaments making you an ideal candidate for the course.

Various guides and sample SOPs are available on the internet, although adhering to all the rules and guidelines can become an overwhelming task at times. While it is preferable that you write your own SOP in order to maintain the uniqueness and be able to tell your story in your own words, students seeking assistance with their SOP can go for SOP assistance services.

And if you are looking for professional SOP writers, then you must check out our list of Top 5 Best & Professional SOP Writers in India in 2022.

While various firms offer to write your SOP at hefty prices, CampusTrail is one such reliable SOP assistance service that won’t empty your pockets and provide hassle-free SOP writing services. With a dedicated team of professional writers and domain experts, CampusTrail offers options to customize and make edits to your SOP throughout the process so that you are always in control and your SOP stays true to your story as you’d like it to be told. Enquire about SOP assistance services now.

CampusTrail blog is curated by professional writers and domain experts with experience across fields. The dedicated team of writers at CampusTrail has by far assisted students with admissions in over 27 countries and provided 5000+ SOPs over the years.

Check out our In-depth guides, SOP for MBA and LOR writing resources and study abroad assistance guides written by professional writers and counsellors at CampusTrail.

Get Professional SOP help today ?

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MBA in Operations management, Course, Eligibility, Fee, Scope and Salary

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COMMENTS

Assignments
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Operation Management Assignment Final - Free download as Word Doc (.doc), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Operation Management Assignment Final
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65+ MBA Project Topics For Operations Management [2024]
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At MBA Project Guru, we provide good quality and unique solved MBA operations management assignments for NMIMS, SMU, AND SCDL (Symbiosis). We also provide students with synopsis and Project Reports (All Specializations) prepared by some of the best MBA faculties and experts per your college or university guidelines.
SOP For MBA in Operations Management [Free Sample SOP
SOP For MBA in Operations Management [Download Free Sample SOP - 2022] Writing a college application can be a tiresome and confusing task. The process will involve various different elements to be prepared, proofread, and compiled. One document of significant importance that you will prepare for your application is your SOP for MBA in ...