essay on natural disaster class 8

• Essay On Natural Disasters

Natural Disasters Essay

500+ words essay on natural disasters.

A natural disaster is defined as an event of nature, which overwhelms local resources and threatens the function and safety of the community. Natural disasters are the consequence of natural phenomena unleashing processes that lead to physical damage and the loss of human lives and capital. Earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, windstorms, floods and droughts are some examples of natural disasters. These disasters disrupt the lives of communities and individuals and the economic activity of the affected area. Students must go through this essay on Natural Disaster and gather ideas to write effective essays on topics related to them. Practising essays on such topics will improve the writing skills of the students and help them score better in the English exam.

Classification of Natural Disasters

Natural disasters result from forces of climate and geology. These are perhaps the most “unexpected” and costly overall in terms of loss of human lives and resources.

Disasters are classified into four categories depending on how they arise:

(1) Internal Earth Processes: It covers geophysical phenomena arising from the internal processes of the earth. It includes earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions etc., which human beings cannot usually predict or prevent.

(2) External Earth Processes: These comprise phenomena such as landslides, collapses, flooding, mudslides etc. These hazards can be avoided and are often associated with man-made alterations in the environment, such as deforestation on hillsides or excavations and many more such activities.

(3) Hydrometeorological Hazards: It is associated with changes in air and ocean temperature. This hazard is responsible for the formation of weather phenomena such as hurricanes and tornadoes, and the precipitation and climate variations that sometimes cause extreme flooding, storm surges, droughts and other hydrological phenomena.

(4) Biological Hazards: Biological disasters result from the proliferation of agents such as bacteria, viruses and toxins that can kill or disable people, harm animals, and crops and damage the environment. Some examples of biological hazards are cholera, dengue, yellow fever, Ebola virus and Marburg virus. The current pandemic situation due to Coronavirus is also an example of biological hazards.

Disaster Management

Disasters have massive human and economic costs. They may cause many deaths, severe injuries, and food shortages. Most incidents of severe injuries and deaths occur during the time of impact, whereas disease outbreaks and food shortages often arise much later, depending on the nature and duration of the disaster. Anticipating the potential consequences of disasters can help determine the actions that need to be started before the disaster strikes to minimize its effects.

Disasters are the ultimate test of a community’s emergency response capability. There are 3 major steps that can be taken to manage disaster which include pre-disaster management, during-disaster management and post-disaster management. The pre-disaster management involves generating data and information about the disasters, preparing vulnerability zoning maps and spreading awareness among the people about these. Apart from these, disaster planning, preparedness and preventive measures are other steps that need to be taken in vulnerable areas.

During disasters, rescue and relief operations such as evacuation, construction of shelters and relief camps, supplying of water, food, clothing and medical aids etc. should be done on an emergency basis. Post-disaster operations involve rehabilitation and recovery of victims. It should concentrate on capacity building in order to cope with future disasters, if any. These measures have special significance to India as about two-thirds of its geographical area and an equal proportion of its population are vulnerable to disasters. The Government of India has also taken some steps for disaster management such as passing the disaster management bill and the establishment of the National Institute of Disaster Management.

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Frequently Asked Questions on Natural disasters Essay

What are the types of natural disasters.

Floods/tsunamis, wildfires, drought, hurricane/storms and earthquakes are examples for common natural disasters.

How can we control the impact of a natural disaster?

Impact of natural disasters can be mitigated to an extent by creating awareness among the public about counter measures to be taken. Governments could use disaster prediction technology and install warning systems to alert people about impending disasters. Implementing and enforcing building codes is another measure to reduce the after-effects of disasters.

How do natural disasters affect the environment?

Wildfires, floods, and tornadoes cause structural changes to our ecosystem and also damage the natural inhabitation of that area.

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Natural Disasters Essay

Natural disasters are not in the control of human beings. Like many other countries, India is also plagued with many natural disasters because of its geographical location and environment. In the past few decades, the temperature in the Indian subcontinent has risen. A natural calamity is called a disaster when it affects people or property on a large scale. Here are a few sample essays on the topic ‘Natural Disasters’.

100 Words Essay On Natural Disasters

Humans have been subjected to the impact of natural disasters for as long as they have been on Earth. Disasters, unfortunately, are happening all the time. Most of the Natural Disasters we see are caused by natural forces. Therefore, they are almost impossible to prevent from happening. Natural disasters like floods, drought, landslides, earthquakes, and cyclones frequently occur all throughout the world. Often, natural disasters leave mass effects and it can take years to control the damage. However, the negative effects and damages caused by these natural disasters can be reduced significantly if proper warning systems or policies are used.

200 Words Essay On Natural Disasters

Natural disasters are mostly naturally occurring events that greatly damage human lives and assets. Every year, many lives are lost due to natural disasters across the globe. Many people are left with no home or property. They suffer endlessly. Some natural disasters are floods, landslides, cyclones, hurricanes, drought, wildfires. This problem becomes far more severe when a natural disaster occurs in a densely populated place. Unfortunately, most natural disasters are unpreventable from happening. We can only forecast these events and take necessary measures to mitigate the loss.

India is one of the most vulnerable countries to natural disasters because of its unique geological position. Every year India witnesses nearly five cyclones of various intensities. Droughts in summer and mild to strong earthquakes are frequently experienced in many northern parts of India near the Himalayas. In India, wildfires are caused in the forest area during the autumn and summer seasons. Our country is also witnessing dramatic climate changes and massive global warming due to pollution and greenhouse gases. Due to this, natural disasters are becoming more frequent than before.

Coping Up With Natural Disasters

Most natural disasters are out of our control and can occur randomly. All we can do, however, is take necessary precautions as soon as we are able to predict when the disaster is going to take place. Global Warming is an important reason for all these things. Therefore, we must protect and preserve our natural environment. It is essential to warn people of upcoming disasters. A mandatory evacuation should be carried out if necessary. After the disaster, people should be provided financial help to recover from damages and losses from the disaster.

500 Words Essay On Natural Disasters

Natural disasters are events that occur due to either biological activity or human-made activity. Human lives and property are affected for a long time after it occurs. The number of cases is increasing worldwide every day. It is because of the over-exploitation of natural resources by mankind. India suffers significantly from natural disasters due to its vulnerable geographical location. Due to this, our country still needs a proper disaster management unit.

Types Of Natural Disasters

Different kinds of Natural Disasters in India occur very often and have major effects on people’s lives.

Earthquake | An earthquake is a natural event when the Earth's tectonic plates suddenly shift and cause the ground to shake. This shaking can damage buildings and other structures, as well as loss of life. Earthquakes can happen at any time and can strike without warning, making them a frightening and unpredictable phenomenon.

Cyclone | A cyclone is a type of storm characterised by a low-pressure centre and strong winds that spiral inward and upward. Cyclones are also typhoons or hurricanes, depending on the region in which they occur. Cyclones form over warm ocean waters and typically move toward land, where they can cause widespread damage and destruction. They are often accompanied by heavy rainfall and can spawn tornadoes. The destructive power of a cyclone comes from its strong winds, which can reach speeds of over 150 miles per hour. These winds can uproot trees, damage buildings, and create storm surges, large waves that can flood coastal areas.

Wildfire | A wildfire is a large, uncontrolled fire that occurs in a natural habitat, such as a forest, grassland, or prairie. Wildfires can happen due to various factors, including lightning, human activity, and extreme weather conditions. When a wildfire occurs, it can spread quickly, consuming everything in its path. Wildfires can have many adverse effects on the environment and people. For example, they can destroy homes and other buildings and critical infrastructures, such as roads and bridges. They can also cause air pollution and respiratory issues for people living in the area.

Human Activities And Natural Disasters

Human activities can contribute to the occurrence and severity of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and wildfires. For example, activities like deforestation, urbanisation, and climate change can increase the likelihood and impact of these events.

Deforestation, which removes vegetation from an area, can increase the risk of natural disasters. Trees and other vegetation hold the upper layer of soil in place, which prevents erosion and landslides. When these plants are removed, the ground becomes more vulnerable to being swept away by heavy rainfall or other natural forces.

Urbanisation, or the growth of cities and towns, can also contribute to natural disasters. As more and more people move into urban areas, the risk of earthquakes, wildfires, and other natural disasters increases. For example, the construction of buildings and other structures can alter the natural landscape, making it more susceptible to damage from earthquakes and other events.

Climate change, the long-term warming of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, can also increase the likelihood and severity of natural disasters. Higher temperatures can lead to more often intense heat waves, droughts, and wildfires. Rising sea levels can cause more severe flooding, particularly in coastal areas.

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

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Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

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GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

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Geothermal Engineer

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Database Architect

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Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software. 

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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Home — Essay Samples — Environment — Natural Disasters — Natural Disasters: Causes and Impacts

Natural Disasters: Causes and Impacts

• Categories: Natural Disasters

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Words: 682 |

Published: Jan 31, 2024

Words: 682 | Page: 1 | 4 min read

Table of contents

Introduction, definition of natural disasters, causes of natural disasters, environmental effects of natural disasters, economic effects of natural disasters, social effects of natural disasters, mitigation and preparedness measures.

• Callaghan, K., & Alexander, M. (2018). Hurricane Harvey on the Gulf Coast: A Comprehensive Analysis of Impacts. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Kennedy School.
• IPCC. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press.
• McMahon, J., & Keefer, J. (2016). Social Vulnerability and Tropical Cyclones in Sint Maarten. Journal of Water and Climate Change , 7(2), 396-408.
• UNDRR. (2017). Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. United Nations.
• Vos, F., Dykes, J., & Pierce, L. (2017). Flood Preparedness and Early-warning System Effectiveness in the Philippines. Disasters, 41(S1), S16-S37.

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Essay on Natural Disasters for Students in English [Easy Words]

January 16, 2021 by Sandeep

Essay on Natural Disasters: Natural calamities like earthquakes, floods, cyclones tsunamis and landslides have increased due to manmade factors like pollution, ozone depletion and global warming. The extreme exploitation of forests and natural resources has created a severe imbalance in our ecosystem, leading to many natural disasters. A warning management system issues early warnings of a possible calamity and networks with relief operations, rehabilitation support and rescue planning measures.

Essay on Natural Disasters 500 Words in English

Below we have provided Natural Disasters Essay in English, suitable for class 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.

Natural disasters are major unpredicted events that have harmful effects on our society. They are severe, and they damage everything in their surrounding space. They pose a threat to the health and well-being of all living populations. Natural disasters include tsunamis, cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, floods, volcanic eruptions, and avalanches. Their destruction capacity can be calculated by their spatial extent.

The spatial extent helps in determining the level of severity of a natural hazard. With the rising population and the growth in the number of industries, man has exploited almost all the natural resources present on our planet. This has left our ecosystem in a state of imbalance. Nature is all-powerful, and there is no escape to its wrath. Our selfish activities have led to disasters like pollution , global warming , and ozone depletion. Natural disasters cause a loss in one form or another. We cannot prevent them, but we can certainly take some controlled steps to minimize their effects.

Types of Natural Disasters

Tsunami: A tsunami can be identified as a very large seismic wave in an ocean or a sea. It is caused by any kind of geophysical activity on the ocean floor. These activities can be earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. Tsunamis consist of multiple waves of high current capacity. Tsunami waves are very high when they reach the coastal areas. They can easily flood the shores. People living in these areas cannot outrun these gigantic waves. Loss of life and property follows.

Cyclone: Cyclones are violent storms that are associated with thunder, lightning and torrential rains. They are robust swirling winds which can bring a lot of damage to the affected areas. They do not have any specific direction and can have a speed of about 240-1200 miles per hour. Cyclones mostly hit the warm countries and can result in loss of life, damage to crops, fallen trees, and sinking of boats.

Earthquake: The sudden movement of Earth’s tectonic plate, which results in a shake or vibration of the ground is termed as an earthquake . It is mostly caused by the rupture of geological faults. However, volcanic eruptions and mine blasts can also initiate them.

Landslide: Movement of rock and debris down a sloped portion of land is known as a landslide. It is caused by rain, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Soil erosion (due to deforestation) makes the land unstable and also causes landslides. Landslides mostly occur in mountain areas. Therefore, life in hilly terrains is always susceptible to these kinds of events.

Avalanche: Avalanche is also known as a snow slide. It occurs when a mass of snow rapidly slides along a sloped region (mountain tops). These can also originate as a result of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Avalanches commonly occur on convex slopes and also on slopes covered with grass. Surviving an avalanche is rare because here, death happens due to hypothermia.

Flood: A flood can be defined as the overflow of water on a dry piece of land. Floods can be caused by excessive rainfalls, breaking of dams, storm surges, and tsunamis. Besides being life-threatening, floods can cause sediment deposition and drainage congestion. Coastal plains are the worst-hit zones during floods.

Volcanic Eruption: A volcano is a passage in the crust of Earth through which magma (molten silicate rock) flows out to the surface of the earth. A volcanic eruption can release liquid lava, debris, ash and gases into the environment. These eruptions contribute to the various hazardous events that take place on the Earth’s surface. They can lead to glacier bursts, mud flows, and acid rain.

Disaster Management

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Disaster Management Essay

Essay on Disaster Management

Disaster Management is the arrangement and management of the resources following a disaster, be it natural or man-made. There are so many organizations who are dealing with various types of disastrous situations from the humanitarian aspect. Some disasters are just the consequences of human hazards and some are caused by natural calamity. However, we can prevent them by taking the necessary emergency measures to save and preserve lives. As natural disasters cannot be predicted, they can take place anywhere at any time. 

Vedantu has provided an essay on Disaster management on this page. Students who have received an assignment to write an essay on Disaster Management or preparing an essay for examination can refer to this page to understand the pattern. Any student or parent can directly visit Vedantu site or download the app on the phone to get access to the study materials.  

Disaster Management’ is the simple term of management which embraces loads of disaster-related activities. Disaster occurs frequently in some parts of the world. Japan is the best example of it. Japanese people are annoyed on Tsunamis and earthquakes. The local scene is not much different from the global one. No one could forget the cyclone in Orissa, Earthquake in Gujarat or even the Mumbai Terrorist Attack.

Natural and man-made are the two categories of the disaster. Natural disasters are those which occurred due to sudden changes in the environment or topography causing uncountable human as well as economic loss. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods and cloudbursts are few of the natural disasters. Manual intentional made disasters are man-made disasters. For example, Gas leakage, terrorist attacks, fire, oil spills. Man-made disasters are the result of human intentions or might be because of workmanship or technical errors. The count of man-made and natural disasters is rising rapidly.

Here are a few things which will help us to deal with earthquakes. The significant information about Natural calamities is predicted easier and is being shared within the public by the central bureau. Furthermore, earthquake-resistant structures are constructed considering, ‘Precaution is Better Than Cure’. Reflexes are made so strong that cover of solid platforms such as a table and chair should be taken as soon as the danger is sensible while the cover of trees, electric poles or buildings is avoided as far as possible. Keep in touch with local news during heavy rainy days. Any flood is preceded with significant time. Making proper use of divine buffer time for safety is advisable. Strategically planning of water reservoirs, land uses, tree plantation, rainwater harvesting techniques help us increase immunity power to fight against the drought. 

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), American Red Cross, Federal Emergency Management Agency, International Association of Emergency Managers etc. are the best disaster management authorities. NDMA is a core body which obeys the law of Disaster Management. The reputed disaster managers are stuck in finding plans for rescuing from the loss of disaster. Moreover, to counteract the effect of disaster Rajya Sabha passed the ‘Disaster Management Act’ on 23 December 2005 which includes 11 chapters and 79 sections in it. Honourable Prime Minister of India Mr Narendra Modi holds the position of chairman of it. 

Youngsters should motivate themselves to learn and practice plenty of disaster management techniques and arrange the camps regarding it. Today, everyone is fighting against one of the breathtaking disasters named COVID-19 which is as big as fighting in world war. Avoiding the crowd, wearing the mask are the basic precautions suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) during this period of fighting. This disease spreads mostly amongst the people who come in close contact with the infected one. So, it's suggested to keep a safe distance of around 3 meters within the others. This is being termed as ‘Social Distancing’. Nature is not cruel nor is it human. Just small management skills help us withstand before, in and after disasters. Uncountable suggestions and instructions in disaster management but few which apply every time must be followed.

Stages of Disaster Management

With proper implementation and structured action, we can prevent or lessen the impact of natural or man-made disasters. There are certain stages involving the cycle for disaster management plan which incorporates policies and emergency responses required for a prospectively complete recovery. The stages are –

The most preferred way to deal with disasters is to be proactive in their prevention rather than rushing later for their cure. This implies recognition of potential hazards and working towards infrastructure to mitigate their impact. This stage in the management cycle involves setting up permanent measures to minimize disaster risk.

Setting up an evacuation plan in a school, training the teachers to lead the students towards safe structures in the event of earthquake, tornado or fire, planning a strong base for high raised sky-scrapers to prepare for earthquakes and designing a city in such a manner that reduces the risk of flooding are some examples of measures takes for disaster prevention.

Mitigation is the first and the foremost attempt to save human lives during the time of disaster or their recovery from the aftermath. The measures which are taken can be both structural and non-structural.

Structural mitigation measures could include transforming the physical characteristics of a building or the surroundings to curb the effect, for example, clearing out of the trees around your house, ensuring that storms don’t knock down the trees and send them crashing into the house. Non-structural measures could include amending the building or locality codes to enhance safety and prevent disasters.

Preparedness

Preparedness is a process that involves a social community where the trained, or the head of the community, businesses and institutions demonstrate the plan of action which is supposed to be executed during the event of a disaster. It is an ongoing continuous process with anticipation of a calamity, which involves training, evaluating and taking corrective action with the highest level of alertness. Some examples of such prevention measures are fire drills, shooter drills and evacuation rehearsals.

The response is the action taken after the disaster has occurred to retrieve some life from it. It includes short-term and long-term responses. In ideal situations, the disaster-management leader will coordinate the use of resources in the restoration process and minimize the risk of further property damage.

During this stage, the area of the calamity is cleared if it poses any further threat to human as well as environmental life. For example, evacuation of the city of Chernobyl, Ukraine, is a responsive action against a disaster.

The fifth and last stage in the process of the disaster management plan is the recovery stage. This can sometimes take years or decades to happen. The larger mass of a city is also sometimes part of the recovery from a disaster. The greatest and the most infamous example of this is the Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear attacks on Japan, it took the people of those cities years and decades to recover from that man-made calamity.

It took years of effort to stabilize the area and restore essential community or individual functions. The recovery stage prioritizes the basic essential needs of human survival like food, drinkable water, utilities, transportation and healthcare over less-essential services. Eventually, this stage is all about coordinating with individuals, communities and businesses to help each other to restore a normal or a new normal, as in the case of Covid-19.

How to Act as a Responsible Person During a Time of Disaster?

Some people have more experience than others with managing natural or man-made disasters and their prevention of them. Although this is that subject of life which should be studied and implemented by every business or community. As it is said rightly, “prevention is better than cure”, and any organization or an individual or a community can be hit by a disaster sooner or later, whether it's something as minor as a prolonged power cut or a life-threatening hurricane or an earthquake. Usually, the pandemics train us, as a social and political community, to deal with natural calamities and compel the organizations responsible for it, to build an infrastructure for its prevention.

To act responsibly and pro-actively during the event of a disaster, we have got to be prepared and equipped as a nation, individually and as a social community. To be well-educated and read with the aspects of disaster management is to be responsible for the handling of it.

FAQs on Disaster Management Essay

1. What is Disaster Management?

In simpler words, disaster management can be defined as the arrangement of resources and precautions to deal with all humanitarian aspects during an emergency. Disasters are the consequences of natural or human hazards. Earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes are some of the deadliest natural disasters to name a few. Examples of man-made disasters are bomb blast, radiations, transport accidents, terrorist attacks etc.

2. What is the Main Aim of Disaster Management?

The main aim of disaster management is prevention, rescue and recovery from the trauma, and development.

3. How to Write an Essay on Disaster Management?

Disaster management refers to the response to an emergency situation to make it as normal as possible. While writing an essay on Disaster Management, you can start with an introduction, then go on with the definition, the types of disaster management, a little in-depth explanation along with examples, and finish it off with a conclusion. 

4. Can I Get a Sample Essay on Disaster Management from Vedantu?

Yes, the essay mentioned on this page is about Disaster Management. This essay has been written by the experts of Vedantu keeping the understanding ability of the students of each class. 

5. What are the career opportunities in the field of Disaster management?

People looking for career opportunities in the field of disaster management have many pathways to approach it. Some examples of the jobs relating to this line of work are crisis-management leader, disaster-assistance specialist and emergency-planning coordinator. These are the roles which call for varying levels of responsibility in preparing a city or a company for catastrophic events. The job roles can be approached with earning a master’s degree in emergency and crisis management.

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From the towering walls of water that sweep across coastlines to the ground-shaking tremors that ripple through the earth’s surface, natural disasters are a stark reminder of the immense power of nature and the fragility of our existence. These catastrophic events strike without warning, leaving in their wake a trail of destruction, displacement, and heartbreak.

Table of Content

Types of Natural Disasters

Causes of natural disasters, precautions and preparedness, 500 words essay on natural disasters.

Natural disasters can take many forms, each with its unique characteristics and consequences. Some of the most devastating types include:

1. Earthquakes: Triggered by the sudden release of energy within the Earth’s crust, earthquakes can cause massive structural damage, trigger tsunamis, and disrupt vital infrastructure.

2. Tsunamis: Towering waves generated by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, tsunamis can inundate coastal regions with incredible force, sweeping away everything in their path.

3. Hurricanes and Cyclones: These powerful rotating storm systems, fueled by warm ocean waters, bring destructive winds, torrential rain, and storm surges that can devastate entire communities.

4. Floods : Caused by excessive rainfall, melting snow, or dam failures, floods can submerge vast areas, disrupting lives and destroying property.

5. Wildfires: Driven by dry conditions, high winds, and human activities, wildfires can consume vast swaths of land, threatening lives, homes, and natural habitats.

6. Volcanic Eruptions: The explosive release of molten rock, ash, and gases from the Earth’s interior can bury entire regions in a blanket of destruction.

7 . Droughts : Prolonged periods of abnormally low rainfall can lead to water scarcity, crop failures, and even famine in some regions.

While some natural disasters are triggered by geological processes deep within the Earth, others are influenced by human activities and the changing climate. Factors such as deforestation, urbanization, and the burning of fossil fuels can increase the risk and intensity of certain disasters.

Climate change, in particular, is playing an increasingly significant role in the frequency and severity of many natural disasters. Rising global temperatures are contributing to more intense hurricanes, prolonged droughts, and the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, which can exacerbate coastal flooding.

The impact of natural disasters can be catastrophic, affecting every facet of human life and the environment. Some of the most significant effects include:

1. Loss of Life: Natural disasters can claim countless lives, leaving families and communities devastated by the loss of loved ones.

2. Destruction of Infrastructure: Roads, bridges, buildings, and critical infrastructure can be severely damaged or destroyed, hampering relief efforts and hindering recovery.

3. Economic Losses: The damage caused by natural disasters can result in staggering economic losses, affecting businesses, industries, and entire economies.

4. Displacement of Populations: Disasters often force people to abandon their homes and seek shelter elsewhere, leading to humanitarian crises and long-term displacement.

5. Environmental Degradation: Natural disasters can disrupt ecosystems, pollute water sources, and contribute to soil erosion and habitat loss, threatening biodiversity and natural resources.

6. Psychological Trauma: Survivors of natural disasters often grapple with the psychological toll, including post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety.

While it is impossible to prevent many natural disasters, proactive measures can be taken to mitigate their impact and enhance preparedness. Some of these measures include:

1. Effective Early Warning Systems: Developing and implementing robust early warning systems can provide valuable lead time for evacuation and emergency response efforts.

2. Disaster Risk Reduction: Identifying and addressing vulnerabilities through measures such as land-use planning, building codes, and infrastructure improvements can minimize potential damages.

3. Community Preparedness: Educating and empowering communities on disaster preparedness, including emergency plans, evacuation routes, and survival skills, can save lives and facilitate quicker recovery.

4. Resilient Infrastructure: Investing in resilient infrastructure, such as earthquake-resistant buildings and flood control systems, can reduce the impact of natural disasters.

5. Environmental Protection: Conserving and restoring natural ecosystems, such as wetlands and forests, can act as natural buffers against certain disasters and mitigate their effects.

6. International Cooperation: Fostering global partnerships and collaborations can facilitate knowledge-sharing, resource allocation, and coordinated response efforts during disasters.

Throughout human history, civilizations have grappled with the unpredictable and often merciless power of nature. Natural disasters, ranging from earthquakes and tsunamis to hurricanes and wildfires, have left indelible scars on communities worldwide, reminding us of our fragility in the face of nature’s might.

At their core, natural disasters are events triggered by the Earth’s natural processes, such as tectonic shifts, atmospheric disturbances, or geological phenomena. However, their consequences extend far beyond the physical realm, profoundly impacting lives, livelihoods, and the very fabric of societies.

The destructive force of these events is unparalleled. Earthquakes can reduce towering structures to rubble in mere seconds, while hurricanes and cyclones unleash winds of incredible ferocity, capable of obliterating entire coastlines. Wildfires, fueled by dry conditions and strong winds, consume everything in their path, leaving smoldering landscapes and displaced communities in their wake.

The human toll of natural disasters is staggering. Lives are tragically lost, families are torn apart, and survivors are left to grapple with the psychological trauma of witnessing such overwhelming devastation. Beyond the immediate loss of life, the aftermath often brings a cascade of challenges, including displacement, lack of access to essential resources, and the daunting task of rebuilding shattered communities.

The economic impact of natural disasters is equally profound. Infrastructure is crippled, businesses are disrupted, and entire industries can be brought to a standstill. The ripple effects of these events can reverberate throughout local and global economies, hampering recovery efforts and exacerbating existing vulnerabilities.

Moreover, the environmental consequences of natural disasters are far-reaching. Ecosystems are disrupted, delicate habitats are destroyed, and biodiversity is threatened as species struggle to adapt to the altered landscapes. The long-term effects on the natural world can be felt for generations, further compounding the challenges faced by impacted communities.

Addressing the threat posed by natural disasters requires a multifaceted approach that spans prevention, preparedness, and resilience-building efforts. Investing in robust early warning systems, fortifying infrastructure, and promoting disaster risk reduction strategies are crucial steps in minimizing the impact of these events.

Furthermore, addressing the underlying drivers of climate change is paramount, as many natural disasters are exacerbated by the effects of global warming. By transitioning towards more sustainable practices and reducing our carbon footprint, we can mitigate the intensity and frequency of certain disasters, safeguarding both human and environmental well-being.

Ultimately, natural disasters serve as a humbling reminder of the immense power of nature and the fragility of our existence. While we cannot control the forces that give rise to these events, we can cultivate resilience, foster global cooperation, and prioritize preparedness efforts to better withstand their fury.

As we navigate the unpredictable landscape of natural disasters, let us embrace our shared responsibility to protect lives, safeguard communities, and forge a more sustainable relationship with the natural world. By doing so, we can forge a path towards a future where the devastating impacts of these events are minimized, and humanity emerges stronger and more resilient in the face of nature’s challenges.

Also Read: My Aim in Life Essay For Students: 100, 200 & 500 Words Essay My Village Essay in English For Students 500+ Words Essay on Importance of Education in English

Natural disasters underscore our need for resilience and preparedness. By bolstering infrastructure, safeguarding the environment, and addressing climate change, we can lessen their impact. Emphasizing risk reduction and sustainable practices, we aim to protect lives, economies, and ecosystems. Together, through resilience and cooperation, we can build a future where communities coexist with nature’s forces.

Essay on Natural Disasters- FAQs

What is disaster 1 paragraph.

A disaster is a major disturbance in the operation of a community or society resulting in widespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses and impacts that surpass the afflicted community’s or society’s ability to manage using its own resources.

What are the 2 main types of disasters?

Disasters are typically divided into two categories: natural and man-made. Natural catastrophes are typically related with weather and geological occurrences such as severe temperatures, floods, storms, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and drought.

What are 5 man-made disasters?

A. Man-made disasters involve human intent, neglect, or error in the breakdown of a man-made system, as opposed to natural disasters caused by natural hazards. Such man-made calamities include crime, arson, civil unrest, terrorism, war, biological/chemical threats, cyber-attacks, and so on.

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Cause & Effect Essay: Natural Disasters and Their Causes

Natural disasters happen all over the world, and they can be utterly devastating for people’s lives and the environments in which they live. Although natural disasters are caused by nature and there is nothing that we can do to prevent them happening, there are many different natural causes that lead to natural disasters, and being aware of these causes enables us to be better prepared when such disasters do arrive.

One common natural disaster is flooding, which occurs when a river bursts its banks and the water spills out onto the floodplain. This is far more likely to happen when there is a great deal of heavy rain, so during very wet periods, flood warnings are often put in place. There are other risk factors for flooding too: steep-sided channels cause fast surface run-off, while a lack of vegetation or woodland to both break the flow of water and drink the water means that there is little to slow the floodwater down. Drainage basins of impermeable rock also cause the water to run faster over the surface.

Earthquakes are another common natural disaster that can cause many fatalities. The movements of the plates in the earth’s crust cause them. These plates do not always move smoothly and can get stuck, causing a build-up of pressure. It is when this pressure is released that an earthquake occurs. In turn, an earthquake under the water can also cause a tsunami, as the quake causes great waves by pushing large volumes of water to the surface.

Tsunamis can also be caused by underwater volcanic eruptions. Volcanic eruptions are another natural disaster, and they are caused by magma escaping from inside the earth. An explosion takes place, releasing the magma from a confined space, which is why there are often also huge quantities of gas and dust released during a volcanic eruption. The magma travels up the inside of the volcano, and pours out over the surrounding area as lava.

One of the most common natural disasters, but also one of the most commonly forgotten, is wildfires. These take place in many different countries all over the world, particularly during the summer months, and can be caused by a range of different things. Some of the things that can start the wildfires can be totally natural, while others can be manmade, but the speed at which they spread is entirely down to nature. The two natural causes of wildfires are the sun’s heat and lightning strikes, while they can also be caused by campfires, smoking, fireworks and many other things. The reasons that they spread so quickly are prolonged hot, dry weather, where the vegetation dries out, which is why they often take place in woodland.

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Essay On Natural Disaster For Students in English

Table of Contents

Essay On Natural Disaster: Natural disasters are events that can strike with little warning, unleashing the immense power of nature and causing significant destruction. They are sudden and severe events caused by natural forces like earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, and wildfires. They can result in loss of life, property damage, and disruption of communities. Preparedness and awareness are crucial to staying safe during these emergencies. In this blog, we will explore the concept of natural disasters and provide sample essays of various lengths (100, 200, 400, and 500 words) to help you gain a better understanding of these catastrophic events.

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Long and Short Essay on Natural Disaster

Short essay on natural disaster of 100 words.

Natural disasters encompass a range of catastrophic events triggered by natural forces. Earthquakes occur when the Earth’s crust shifts, leading to ground shaking. Hurricanes are powerful storms that bring heavy rains and strong winds. Floods happen when excessive rainfall or snowmelt overwhelms riverbanks or drainage systems. Wildfires spread rapidly in dry conditions, consuming forests and homes.

These disasters can have devastating consequences, including loss of lives, displacement of communities, and extensive property damage. However, with proper preparedness, early warning systems, and emergency response measures, the impact of natural disasters can be mitigated, and lives can be saved.

Natural Disaster Essay on 200 Words

Natural disasters are events caused by natural forces that result in severe and often catastrophic consequences. These events can include earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, wildfires, tornadoes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions, among others. While these disasters vary in their causes and effects, they all share a common feature: the power of nature.

Earthquakes are sudden shifts in the Earth’s crust, leading to ground shaking. They can cause buildings to collapse and result in significant casualties. Hurricanes, also known as cyclones or typhoons in different regions, are massive storms characterized by strong winds, heavy rains, and storm surges. Flooding occurs when excessive rainfall, rapid snowmelt, or dam failures overwhelm riverbanks and drainage systems, submerging land and property.

Wildfires are uncontrolled fires that spread rapidly through vegetation, often in dry conditions. Tornadoes are violent, spinning columns of air that can cause widespread destruction. Tsunamis are large ocean waves triggered by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, which can inundate coastal areas. Volcanic eruptions release ash, lava, and gases, affecting the environment and communities near volcanoes.

Natural disasters can result in loss of life, displacement of communities, and extensive property damage. However, preparedness, awareness, and effective emergency response measures can significantly reduce their impact. Early warning systems, evacuation plans, and disaster relief efforts are essential in safeguarding lives and minimizing damage.

Natural Disaster Essay of 400 Words

Natural disasters are sudden and intense events that cause damage to the environment and loss of human life. These disasters can occur due to various reasons, including geological activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, weather-related events such as hurricanes and tornadoes, and climatic changes like floods and droughts. The impact of these disasters can be devastating, leading to the destruction of infrastructure, displacement of people, and disruption of daily life. In this essay, we will explore the causes, effects, and ways to mitigate natural disasters.

One of the primary causes of natural disasters is geological activity. Earthquakes occur when there is a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust, resulting in shaking and tremors. Volcanic eruptions are another geological event that can cause significant damage, as they release hot molten rock, ash, and gases. These disasters often result in the loss of lives and destruction of buildings, roads, and other infrastructure.

Apart from geological disasters, weather-related events also contribute to natural disasters. Hurricanes and tornadoes are powerful storms that can cause widespread destruction. High-speed winds, torrential rainfall, and storm surges lead to flooding, landslides, and damage to homes and properties. These disasters can also have long-lasting effects on the affected areas, as they destroy crops, disrupt water supplies, and lead to the spread of diseases.

Climate change is another factor that contributes to the occurrence of natural disasters. Rising temperatures can result in extreme weather events like heatwaves and droughts. Heatwaves can cause heat stroke and other heat-related illnesses, while droughts can lead to crop failures and water shortages. On the other hand, heavy rainfall and melting glaciers can cause floods, which can result in the loss of lives and destruction of homes and infrastructure.

To mitigate the impact of natural disasters, various measures can be taken. Preparedness and early warning systems can help reduce the loss of lives. Governments and organizations should invest in building resilient infrastructure such as earthquake-resistant buildings and flood control measures. Educating communities about disaster preparedness and providing them with the necessary resources can also help in minimizing the effects of natural disasters.

In conclusion, natural disasters are sudden and intense events that cause significant damage to the environment and human lives. Geological activity, weather-related events, and climate change are the primary causes of these disasters. The impacts of natural disasters can be devastating, leading to the loss of infrastructure and displacement of people. However, through proactive measures such as preparedness, early warning systems, and resilient infrastructure, the effects of natural disasters can be mitigated to some extent.

Long Essay on Natural Disaster of 500 Words

Natural disasters are formidable events driven by the forces of nature, capable of causing significant destruction and upheaval. They come in various forms, each with its unique characteristics and impacts. Understanding these disasters and implementing strategies for mitigation and preparedness are crucial for minimizing their devastating effects.

Earthquakes are sudden and violent movements of the Earth’s crust. They are often caused by tectonic plate shifts or faults in the Earth’s crust. The seismic waves generated during an earthquake can result in ground shaking, causing buildings and infrastructure to collapse. Earthquakes can lead to loss of life, injuries, and extensive property damage. Regions situated near tectonic plate boundaries, such as the Pacific Ring of Fire, are particularly prone to earthquakes.

Hurricanes, known by different names like cyclones or typhoons depending on their location, are powerful tropical storms characterized by strong winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges. These storms develop over warm ocean waters and can intensify rapidly. Hurricanes can cause devastating flooding, wind damage, and coastal erosion. Coastal regions, especially those in hurricane-prone areas, need effective disaster preparedness plans and evacuation procedures.

Floods occur when excessive rainfall, rapid snowmelt, or dam failures lead to the overflowing of rivers and inundation of land. Flash floods can be particularly dangerous, as they occur suddenly and can sweep away everything in their path. Floods result in significant property damage, displacement of communities, and loss of life. Effective flood management, including the construction of resilient infrastructure, is essential to reduce their impact.

Wildfires are uncontrolled fires that spread rapidly through dry vegetation. They are often fueled by hot and windy conditions. Wildfires can devastate forests, wildlife habitats, and residential areas. The impact of wildfires extends beyond immediate destruction, affecting air quality and posing health risks to communities. Fire prevention and early detection measures are crucial in fire-prone regions.

Tornadoes are violent, spinning columns of air that extend from thunderstorms to the ground. They can cause immense damage, with winds reaching incredible speeds. Tornadoes can destroy homes, vehicles, and infrastructure in their path. Tornado-prone areas require advanced warning systems and shelter options for residents.

Tsunamis are massive ocean waves triggered by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. When these waves reach coastal areas, they can inundate the land and cause widespread destruction. Coastal regions situated near tectonic plate boundaries or active volcanoes are at higher risk. Volcanic eruptions release lava, ash, gases, and volcanic debris, impacting the environment and communities near the volcano. Eruptions can disrupt air travel, damage infrastructure, and pose health hazards due to volcanic ash and toxic gases.

Natural disasters, while often uncontrollable, can be managed through preparedness, mitigation, and effective emergency response measures. Early warning systems, evacuation plans, resilient infrastructure, and disaster relief efforts are essential components of disaster management. Raising awareness and educating communities about the risks and safety measures associated with natural disasters can save lives and minimize the devastating consequences of these powerful events.

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FAQs on Essay On Natural Disaster

What is a natural disaster.

A natural disaster is a sudden and severe event caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, wildfires, tornadoes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions, resulting in significant destruction and disruption.

How can we prepare for natural disasters?

Preparedness for natural disasters involves creating emergency plans, assembling disaster kits, staying informed through early warning systems, and knowing evacuation routes. Community drills and awareness campaigns also play a crucial role in preparation.

What are the common types of natural disasters?

Common types of natural disasters include earthquakes (ground shaking), hurricanes (powerful storms), floods (overflowing rivers), wildfires (uncontrolled fires), tornadoes (violent air columns), tsunamis (ocean waves), and volcanic eruptions (lava and ash release).

Why is early warning crucial in natural disaster management?

Early warning systems provide advance notice of impending disasters, allowing communities to evacuate, prepare, and take protective measures. Timely warnings save lives and minimize damage.

What is natural disaster in 150 words?

A natural disaster is a catastrophic event caused by natural forces or processes that result in significant and often widespread destruction, endangering human lives, property, and the environment. These events are typically sudden and unpredictable, and they can have devastating consequences for affected communities. Natural disasters come in various forms, including earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, wildfires, tornadoes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. Each type of disaster is characterized by its unique set of hazards and impacts. The consequences of natural disasters can be severe, leading to loss of life, injuries, displacement of communities, damage to infrastructure, and ecological disruptions. Natural disasters can have far-reaching effects on the social, economic, and environmental well-being of regions and nations. Effective disaster management and preparedness are essential to mitigate the impact of these events. This includes early warning systems, evacuation plans, resilient infrastructure, disaster relief efforts, and community education to reduce vulnerability and enhance the ability to respond and recover from natural disasters.

How do natural disasters affect the environment?

Natural disasters can have profound and often detrimental effects on the environment. They can lead to soil erosion, water pollution, habitat destruction, and deforestation. Additionally, the release of harmful gases and pollutants during disasters like wildfires and volcanic eruptions can further impact air and water quality, posing long-term environmental challenges. These environmental disruptions can have far-reaching consequences on ecosystems and biodiversity, requiring extensive recovery and restoration efforts.

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Class Notes

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Last Updated on July 3, 2023 By Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

Question 1 What is an earthquake?

Question 2 Define the term epicentre and focus of an earthquake?

Question 3 What are the main situations in which earthquake occurs?

Question 4 What are the various effects of an earthquake?

Question 5 Name the three layers of earth?

Question 6 What is a seismograph?

Question 7 What precautions should be taken by people living in seismic zone for protection against earthquakes?

Question 8 What precautions would you take to protect yourself during an earthquake if you are inside the house?

Question 9 What precautions would you take to protect yourself during an earthquake if you are outside the house?

Question 10 What happens when two moving plates of earth’s crust collide head on with each other?

Question 11 What happens when the two plates of earth’s crust moving in opposite directions slide past one another?

Question 12 What is the function of Richter scale?

Question 13 Define the term seismic zone?

Question 14 Explain the Working of seismograph

• 1 Earthquake
• 2.1 (1) Core
• 2.2 (2) Mantle
• 2.3 (3) Crust
• 3 Occurrence of Earthquake
• 4 Seismic zones or Fault zone
• 5.1 Working of Seismograph
• 6 Epicentre
• 7 Richter Scale
• 8 Protection Against Earthquakes
• 9 If we are at home when an earthquake occurs, then:
• 10 If we are outdoors when an earthquake occurs, then:

An earthquake is a sudden shaking (or trembling) of the earth which lasts for a very short time.

An earthquake is caused by the violent movements of rocks deep inside the earth’s crust.

Earthquakes can cause immense damage to houses, other buildings, bridges, dams and people, etc. A lot of people get killed when they get buried under the debris of collapsed houses and other buildings during an earthquake. Earthquakes can also cause floods, landslides, and tsunamis

A major earthquake occurred in India on 26th January 2001 in Bhuj district of  Gujarat.

Another major earthquake occurred on 8th October 2005 in Uri and Tangdhar towns of North Kashmir.

A great loss of human life and property occurred in both these earthquakes.

A major tsunami (caused by an earthquake) occurred in the Indian Ocean on 26th December 2004. All the coastal areas around the Indian Ocean suffered huge loss of life and property during this tsunami.

The other destructive natural phenomena such as cyclones and lightning can be predicted in advance to some extent so that we get some time to take measures to protect ourselves and minimise the damage to life and property. This is not so in the case of earthquakes.

Earthquake is a destructive natural phenomenon which cannot be predicted in advance. Nobody can tell when and where an earthquake will occur. This unpredictable nature of

earthquakes makes them even more dangerous. In order to understand why earthquakes occur, we should first understand the inner structure of the earth.

Inside Earth

The inside of earth is made up of three main layers : Core, Mantle and Crust.

The innermost part of the earth is called its core. The core of earth is made up mostly of iron. The core of earth is extremely hot. Most of the earth’s core (called outer core) is liquid (molten iron) whereas the inner part of core (called inner core) is under such high pressure that it is solid.

The central region of earth (between the core and crust) is called mantle. Mantle is the middle layer of the earth. Mantle is mostly made of dense, solid rocks. Some of the mantle is a mixture of solid rocks and hot molten rocks (liquid rocks) like the lava from a volcano. Heat coming from the core of earth warms the mantle. This heating sets up huge convection currents in the mantle. The giant convection currents occurring in the mantle can make the mantle move very, very slowly.

The outermost layer of earth is called crust . The crust of earth is made of comparatively lighter rocks than that of mantle. The crust of earth is thicker where there is land (or continents). The crust of earth under the oceans is thinner. The crust of earth is made of many huge pieces of flat rocks. Each piece of the earth’s crust is called a plate. The plates of earth on which continents exist are called continental plates whereas those plates of earth on which oceans exist are called oceanic plates. The solid plates which make up the earth’s crust are floating on the partially molten rocks of mantle beneath. Due to convection currents taking place in the mantle, the plates of earth’s crust are moving around very, very slowly. The reason the earthquakes occur is that the earth’s crust is made of a number of plates which are able to move. Earthquakes occur mostly at the edges of moving plates of the crust (or boundaries of the moving plates of the earth).

Occurrence of Earthquake

The earthquakes occur when the moving plates of the earth’s crust :

(1) slide past one another, and (2) collide with one another.

(1) The plates of earth’s crust are made up of huge rocks having rough edges. Due to their highly rough edges, the movement of two crust plates relative to one another is not smooth. When the two huge plates of earth’s crust slide past one another, they rub against one another ferociously and the rocks on their edges get entangled. Due to entanglement of the rocks at their edges, the two crust plates stop moving for some time. During this time, the plates are still pushing against one another and trying to move but they are not moving.

This builds up pressure between the two plates of crust. When sufficient pressure has been built up between the two crust plates, the entangled rocks of the two crust plates break open suddenly with a big jolt. 

When the entangles rocks of the two crust plates break open suddenly with a big jolt, the earthquake occurs releasing a tremendous amount of energy.

This sudden release of tremendous amount of energy produces shock waves (or seismic waves) which make the earth shake. After the earthquake, the plates of earth’s crust start moving again and continue to move until they get entangled again.

(2) When the two plates of the earth’s crust moving in opposite directions collide with each other head on, then the ends of these crust plates buckle and fold forming new mountains and causing earthquakes. A  tremendous amount of energy is released when the two huge plates of the earth’s crust collide with each other. This tremendous amount of energy sends shock waves (called seismic waves) throughout the earth. When these shock waves reach the surface of earth, the ground starts shaking violently. This shaking of the ground is felt as an earthquake.

Seismic zones or Fault zone

The weak zones of earth’s crust (which are more prone to earthquakes) are called seismic zones’ or fault zones.

Major earthquakes occur in the well defined ‘seismic zones’ called earthquake belts. The seismic zones mark the edges of the huge mobile pieces of the earth’s crust called plates. . In India, the areas most threatened by earthquakes are Kashmir, Western and Central Himalayas, the whole of North-East, Rann of Kutch, Rajasthan and Indo-Gangetic Plane. Some areas of South India also fall in earthquake danger zone.

Seismograph

Earthquake tremors produce shock waves (called seismic waves). The shock waves travel in all directions through the Earth and also reach the surface of the earth.

Seismograph is an instrument which measures and records the magnitude of an earthquake in terms of the shock waves it produces.

Seismograph detects the shock waves produced by an earthquake and also records the shock waves on the paper in the form of a graph. Seismograph is also known as seismometer .

A seismograph consists of a heavy weight suspended from a support with the help of a strong wire. The support is attached to the base of seismograph. And the base of seismograph is fixed rigidly to a solid rock on the surface of earth. A pen is attached to the lower end of the hanging heavy weight. This pen can trace lines on a graph paper wound around a rotating drum which lies beneath it.

The purpose of using a freely suspended heavy weight is that, being heavy, it has a lot of inertia and hence it remains stationary during an earthquake when the rest of seismograph (including its support) fixed to the earth shakes (or vibrates) during an earthquake.

Working of Seismograph

When an earthquake occurs, the earth starts shaking due to which the base of seismograph fixed to the earth also starts shaking. But the freely suspended heavy weight (and the pen attached to it) do not shake during the earthquake, they remain stationary. Since the graph paper on the rotating drum shakes with the shaking earth, the pen attached to suspended weight records the vibrations produced by earthquake on the graph paper which moves under it. The pen traces the relative movement between the shaking earth and the stationary, suspended heavy weight. This trace on the graph paper records the earthquake. The seismograph record is also known as seismogram .

A seismograph record (or seismogram) shows seismic waves or earthquake waves recorded on a graph paper by a seismograph. It also shows the duration (or time) for which the earthquake lasts, in seconds.

By studying the seismograph records of an earthquake produced at various seismic stations, scientists can construct a complete map of an earthquake giving its focus, epicentre, magnitude and duration.

The place inside the earth’s crust where the earthquake is generated, is called focus of the earthquake. The focus of an earthquake is deep underground.

The seismic waves spread from the focus and travel through the earth in all directions.

Focus is actually source of an earthquake. The point on earth’s surface directly above the focus is called epicentre.

Richter Scale

The magnitude (or intensity) of an earthquake is expressed on the Richter Scale . The Richter Scale is a series of numbers from 1 to 12 used to express the magnitude (or size) of an earthquake.

An earthquake of magnitude 2 is ten times as strong as an earthquake of magnitude 1.

An earthquake of magnitude 3 on Richter Scale is 100 times as strong as an earthquake of magnitude 1 on the same scale. And an earthquake of magnitude 6 on the Richter Scale is 1000 times stronger than an earthquake of magnitude 4. An earthquake of magnitude 6 on Richter Scale has 1000 times more destructive energy than an earthquake of magnitude 4.

An earthquake of magnitude 1.5 on the Richter Scale is the smallest earthquake that can be felt by us. An earthquake of magnitude 4.5 on the Richter Scale causes some damage but not much damage. The earthquakes having magnitudes higher than 7 on the Richter Scale are really destructive earthquakes.

Both, Bhuj and Kashmir earthquakes had magnitudes greater than 7.5 on the Richter Scale. The earthquakes which measure 8.5 or more on Richter Scale are devastating. During these earthquakes, the affected part of earth’s surface shakes violently. Such earthquakes can destroy entire cities and villages causing a great loss of life and property.

Protection Against Earthquakes

Earthquakes are highly destructive and they cannot be predicted. So, it is necessary that we take precautions to protect ourselves all the time.

Some of the important precautions which can be taken by the people living in seismic zones for protection against earthquakes are as follows:

(i) All the houses and other buildings in seismic zones should be designed and constructed in such a way that they can withstand major earthquake tremors.

(ii) In highly seismic areas, the use of mud and timber (wood) for building houses is better than using heavy construction materials. The roofs of houses in such areas should be kept as light as possible so that a roof falls during an earthquake, the damage will not be too much.

(iii) The cupboards and shelves should be fixed to the walls so that they do not fall easily when shaking occurs during an earthquake. Glass bottles should not be placed on high shelves and heavy objects should be placed low to the ground.

(iv) The objects such as heavy mirrors, photo frames, wall clocks and water-heaters, etc, should be mounted securely on the walls at such places in the house that they do not fall on the people in the house in the event of an earthquake.

(v) All buildings (especially tall buildings) should have fire-fighting equipment in working order.

In case an earthquake occurs, we should take the following precautions to protect ourselves depending on whether we are at home or outdoors at that moment.

If we are at home when an earthquake occurs, then:

(1) We should take shelter under a sturdy table or a kitchen counter and stay there till the shaking due to earthquake stops. We should cover our head with hands.

(2) We should stay away from tall and heavy objects (like steel almirahs, cabinets, book racks and refrigerators), so that if they topple , they may not fall on us.

(3) We should also stay away from glass windows that may shelter due to vibrations.

(4) If we are in bed, we should just move on the bed to be close to a wall but not get up from the bed. We should protect our head with a pillow.

If we are outdoors when an earthquake occurs, then:

(1) We should stay at a clear spot away from buildings, trees and over-head power lines. We should also sit on the ground.

(2) If we are in a car (or bus), we should not come out of it. The car (or bus) should be driven slowly to a clear spot away from buildings, trees and over-head electric wires.

About Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

Author of this website, Mrs. Shilpi Nagpal is MSc (Hons, Chemistry) and BSc (Hons, Chemistry) from Delhi University, B.Ed. (I. P. University) and has many years of experience in teaching. She has started this educational website with the mindset of spreading free education to everyone. In addition to this website, author also has a Youtube channel, here is the link Class Notes Youtube Channel

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Natural Disaster Essay

Read natural disaster essay in English language in 300 words. Know more about essay on natural disaster for students of class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12.

Natural Disaster Essay 300 Words

A natural disaster refers to an unexpected event that causes great damage to life and property on the earth. These are quite harmful to the environment and also may cause devastation in the life of creatures present on the earth. There are various types of natural disasters that affect the flora and fauna in its own different ways. Some of them include tsunamis, volcanoes, floods, earthquakes and much more. Let’s get an insight into various kinds of natural disasters:

Earthquake refers to the shaking of the earth surface due to the tectonic movement of plates. An earthquake can occur anytime and cause great destruction to mankind. The intensity of some earthquakes is low and they go unnoticed while there are earthquakes that are so strong and cause adverse consequences. Earthquakes can also cause landslides and tsunamis and are therefore considered quite threatening and disastrous.

Landslides are also caused due to the movement of the earth. In this, huge rocks and mountains move down a slope and cause great damage to natural and man-made property. Avalanches are similar to landslides, however, avalanches are basically the breakdown of snow from the slopes which results in extreme damage to everything that comes in its way. People who live in hilly areas covered with snow always live in fear of avalanches.

Tsunamis are also very threatening and life-consuming natural disasters that take place in seas and oceans. Well, this occurs due to the movement of earth under the sea that results in high waves which further cause floods and greatly harm human life.

There are many other natural disasters that have proven to be fatal so it’s the need of an hour that people and government should understand the disaster management guidelines that help in reducing the impact of disasters on the earth. People must take precautionary measures in case of emergencies that may help them get out of it. Government and NDMA must take responsive actions so as to save various lives on the earth.

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Essay on Tsunami for Students and Children

500+ words essay on tsunami.

Tsunami is a phenomenon where a series of strong waves that are responsible for the surge in water sometimes reach the heights in many meters. This is a natural disaster that is caused due to the volcano eruption in the ocean beds. Also, a phenomenon like landslides and earthquakes contributes to reasons for a tsunami. Like other natural disasters, the impact of the tsunami is also huge. It has been seen throughout history how disastrous the tsunami is. The essay on tsunami talks about various factors that contribute to the tsunami and the damage it causes to mankind. 

Essay on Tsunami

The disaster that is caused due to waves generated in the ocean because of the earthquake and whose main point is under the water is known as ‘Tsunami’. Also, the term tsunami is associated with tidal waves. Thus, a tsunami is also called as the series of ocean waves that have a very long wavelength. Because of the tsunami, there are strong waves of water is formed and this moves landwards. So, this causes inland movement of water which is very high and lasts for a long time. Thus, the impact of these waves is also very high. 

Greeks were the first people on Earth to claim the effects of the tsunami. They claim that tsunami is just like land earthquakes. Also, the only difference between tsunami and earthquake is that tsunami is caused in oceans. Thus, the scale and ferocity of the tsunami are almost impossible to control. 

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The History of Tsunami

The highest ever recorded tsunami was on 9th July 1958 in the record books. It took place in a bay which was located in the ligula bay along the coasts of Alaska. After the quake, a massive mass of rock fell into the bay waters from the cliff nearby. Thus, this created an impact and produced a wave that reached a height of 524 meters. Also, this is regarded as one of the highest recorded tsunami waves ever. 

The destructive waves responsible for the occurrence of tsunami is also produced in waters of bays or lakes. As this water approached the coast, it grows larger. However, the size of this wave is very low in deep-sea areas. Tsunami waves that are generated in the lakes or bays do not travel for a long distance. Thus, they are not as destructive as the ones produced in the ocean waters. There are various directions in which tsunami can travel from the main point. 

One similar devastating tsunami was experienced in India in 2004. However, the origin of this tsunami was located near Indonesia. Because of the tsunami, it was expected that a total of 2 lakh people lost their lives. The waves traveled extensively thousands of kilometers in countries like Thailand, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and the Maldives. 

Tsunamis occur mainly in the Pacific Ocean. There are very chances that they take place in the area where there are larger bodies. Coastlines and open bays next to very deep waters may help tsunami further into a step-like wave. 

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Natural and Man-Made Disaster

Class 8 - veena bhargava geography solutions, fill in the blanks.

A disaster is a sudden calamity that may cause displacement of great number of people.

Traffic accidents, chemical and industrial accidents and epidemics are man-made disasters.

Landslides occur in hilly areas.

Natural disasters occur naturally .

Kedarnath is in Uttarakhand .

Explain the following

Natural disaster

When disasters occur due to natural forces, they are called natural disasters, over which man has hardly any control. For example, earthquakes, floods etc.

Man-made disaster

A man-made disaster is a disaster resulting from human intent, negligence or error. For example, nuclear disaster, chemical disaster etc.

Hybrid disaster

Hybrid disasters are the disasters that are linked with both natural and man-made disasters. For example, drought due to over-consumption, landslides due to extensive deforestation etc.

Answer the following questions in brief

Define a disaster. State any three effects of a disaster.

A disaster can be defined as a sudden, accidental event of great magnitude that causes considerable damage to life and property.

Three effects of disaster are-

• Loss of life
• Loss of property
• Displacement of people affected by the disaster

How many types of disasters are there?

There are three types of disasters-

• Natural disasters
• Man-made disasters
• Hybrid disasters

State any three causes of disaster.

Three causes of disaster are-

• Rapid and uncontrolled urbanisation
• Mismanagement of natural resources
• Faulty infrastructure of buildings

State any three effects of earthquakes.

Three effects of earthquakes are-

• Landslides.
• Loss of lives and destruction of property.

How is a tsunami generated? When did the last tsunami affect India and neighbouring areas?

Tsunamis are generated by a large impulsive displacement of the sea bed. They can be generated by earthquakes of the sea floor, landslides under water and volcanic activity.

The last tsunami that occurred in India was that of 26 th December, 2004 on Boxing Day.

State any three preventive measures to be taken during floods.

Three preventive measures to be taken during floods are-

• The area must be evacuated at the first sign of warning.
• Electrical appliances must be disconnected to avoid short circuit resulting in fire.
• Important and essential items like drinking water, food and flash light must be taken while going to a shelter.

When did the Bhopal Gas Tragedy occur?

Bhopal Gas tragedy occurred on the night of 2nd and 3rd December, 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL), a pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

What were the long term effects of Bhopal Gas Tragedy?

The long term effects of Bhopal Gas Tragedy were-

• Thousands of people had succumbed by the morning hours after the leak in the night.
• More than 170,000 people were treated at hospitals.
• The cause of deaths were choking, reflex organic circulatory collapses and pulmonary oedema.
• Findings during autopsies revealed changes not only in lungs but also cerebral oedema and tubular necrosis of the kidneys.
• The still birth rate increased upto 300% and neonatal mortality rate by 200%.
• UCCS laboratory tests in 1989 revealed that the soil and water samples collected near the factory were toxic to fish. Hence, fish was not considered edible.
• The hazardous health concern still continues.

State any three causes of hybrid disasters.

Three causes of hybrid disasters are-

• Indiscriminate cutting down of the forests
• Rapid industrialisation
• Indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources

Question 10

What is disaster management?

Disaster Management can be defined as the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular, preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters. It involves teamwork and cooperation from all sections of society i.e. from common man to the government to prepare an efficient plan of action that enables effective efforts to reduce the dangers caused by the disaster to a minimum. Disaster management broadly encompasses the management before, during and after a disaster. It simply means planning of various steps to reduce the aftermath of a disaster, planning effective response system, planning rehabilitation and also preparing disaster resilient communities.

Question 11

What is NDM? What are its objectives?

NDM stands for National Disaster Management. It is a framework developed by the ministry of home affairs (MHA) for preparing the communities to counter the adverse effects of disasters through integration of disaster mitigation into development planning.

The objectives of NDM include imparting special training to disaster management personnel to create public awareness towards disaster management, training of engineers, architects and masons in safe construction practices and in addition, Disaster Management has been included as a core subject in the school curriculum of all educational boards.

Question 12

What was the cause of flash floods in Uttarakhand in June 2013? State any three effects of the same.

The flash floods in Uttarakhand in June 2013 were caused due to heavy rainfall in the state of Uttarakhand and adjoining areas, which was about 375% more than the benchmark rainfall during a normal rainfall.

This caused the melting of Chorabari glacier at the height of 3800 metres and erupting of Mandakini river, which led to heavy floods, near Gobind Ghat, Kedar Dham, Rudraprayag and Uttarakhand.

Three effects of flash floods are-

• According to the figures provided by the Uttarakhand Government, 5748 people were missing.
• According to the figures provided by the Uttarakhand Government, about 1000 people were reported dead.
• Damage to bridges and roads left over 70,000 pilgrims to Kedarnath, trapped in various places. Many of them were rescued by army, Indian air force and the paramilitary troops.

Question 13

Write a short note on fire safety.

Fire safety is a set of practices intended to reduce destruction caused by fire. Fire measures include those that are intended to prevent ignition of an uncontrolled fire, and those that are used to limit the development and effects of a fire after it starts.

Question 14

How are remote sensing satellites helpful in detecting a natural disaster like Tsunami and earthquake?

Remote sensing satellites orbit the earth at different altitudes. They gather electromagnetic energy reflected or scattered back from a part of the earth's atmosphere below the satellite.

Satellite remote sensing is a powerful tool and can clearly reveal the factors causing environmental degradation occurring in any part of the world.

Monitoring emergencies as they happen, keeping track of a flood, alerting Coast Guard to pollutants in water, detecting burning fires are some of the important tasks done by remote sensing satellites.

Give reasons for the following

Disaster is a natural or a man made event.

Disaster is a natural or a man made event because it can be caused due to any natural phenomena, human activities or both.

Fire hazards pose threat to life and property.

Fire hazards pose threat to life and property as they include all types of live flames, causes of sparks, hot objects and chemicals that have a potential for ignition, or that can aggravate a fire to become large and uncontrolled.

Human activities have disastrous consequences for human beings themselves.

Human activities have disastrous consequences for human beings themselves as human beings have interfered with the natural environment to a great extent. Moreover, human activities are generally responsible for causing many hybrid disasters.

Mismanagement of natural resources is the main cause of natural disasters.

Mismanagement of natural resources is the main cause of natural disasters as a natural disaster is a disruption in the balance of the environment. Human activities like over exploitation of natural resources can also disrupt the balance of the environment.

All over the world the frequency of disasters is increasing.

All over the world the frequency of disasters is increasing as a result of degradation of environment and changing climate patterns.