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Energy Conservation Essay | Essay on Energy Conservation for Students and Children in English

February 13, 2024 by Prasanna

Energy Conservation Essay: Conservation of energy is an essential aspect of human existence. Without conserving energy, there is no way in which can survive in the future. One might wonder why conservation of energy is vital for survival. The reason lies in the renewable and non-renewable resources. All the resources of a country get utilized in the production of energy. Thus energy has various forms. The energy that is generated from tidal waves is called tidal energy. The energy that is made from wind is called wind energy.

Hydroelectricity is the electric energy that is generated at dams. Windmills are used to harness the power of winds and transform them into energy. Here we have written essays covering the topic which is beneficial for students concerning their exams and assignments.

You can read more  Essay Writing  about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essays on Energy Conservation for Kids and Students in English

Here we have provided one brief long essay of 500 words, one short essay of 100-150 words, and ten important lines covering the topic.

Long Essay on Energy Conservation in English 500 words

Energy Conservation Essay is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10.

Since this law of conversation is held to be true, it means that it is up to humans to save energy in every possible way. All of us at a point of time in our lives must have got a scolding for leaving our room without switching off the fans and lights. At that time, it might have occurred to us that our parents scream at us because they have to pay a hefty electricity bill.

However, that is always not the case. It is also about not wasting energy unnecessarily. If the lights and the fan are kept on even if no one is in the room, then that means resources are being put to use without any purpose. That becomes a wastage of support which is something we are to avoid at all costs.

What is vital about the conservation of energy is human habits and practice. Most people do not feel it to be necessary or important to save energy for the future. It does not occur to them that reckless spending of energy can be disastrous for their children when they grow up. There are many ways in which conservation of energy can happen.

Apart from the usual, one can use air conditioners during the summers on alternate days. Those who have their cars can switch off the engine when they stop at a red light for a considerable amount of time. One can even judiciously use the geysers in his or her house.

That will not just save energy, but it will also save water. Geysers utilize a lot of current electricity because they run at a very high voltage. Switching off the geyser the right time and using it only once a day can save both water and electricity. When it comes to offices, energy can be conserved in various ways. This includes shutting down computers when not in use, not using internet facilities when they are not required and switching off unnecessary lighting. In schools and colleges, it is often seen that students forget to switch off the fans and lights when not in use or at the end of the day.

The one who is in charge of housekeeping operations usually does that during his or her shift. This causes a massive use of excess energy. Conservation of energy is not natural and takes a lot of time. This is because all the energy that is saved is not much when added up together. However, every little step that is taken towards the idea brings us an inch closer to a pollution-free word.

Conservation of energy reduces pollution because it lowers down the number of resources that are put to use. This causes less of toxins being released into the air. In the end, however, it is also to be considered that the conservation of energy is all about human behavior. If human beings choose to behave irrationally and forget about their future, then neither is conservation possible nor is the future safe for the generations that are yet to come.

Short Essay on Energy Conservation in English 150 words

Energy Conservation Essay is usually given to classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Conservation of energy is mostly related to generating awareness. Most of people are not aware of the state of the earth due to global warming and ozone layer depletion. However, with a little amount of awareness, a change in the habit of the individuals can be brought about. A change in their pattern can bring about a difference in the world. Energy conservation is related not only to behavior and practice but also to time.

People do not spend time thinking about what might happen if there are no resources left to produce electricity. The absolutely cannot fathom how essential it is to switch off a car’s engine at the red light. Switching off the car does not save energy only, but it also reduces pollution in the environment. By the law of conservation of energy we neither can add fresh energy to the environment, nor can energy die out. Therefore we should do all that we can to preserve it for the future.

10 Lines on Energy Conservation Essay in English

• Energy is neither creation nor destruction of matter.
• Energy can transform itself.
• Most people do not feel it to be necessary or essential to save energy for the future.
• Without conserving energy, there is no way in which can survive in the future.
• Conservation of energy is not natural and takes a lot of time.
• Conservation of energy reduces pollution because it lowers down the number of resources that are put to use.
• Energy conservation is related not only to behavior and practice but also to time.
• Those who have their cars can switch off the engine when they stop at a red light for a considerable amount of time.
• A change in their habit can bring about a difference in the world.
• Conservation of energy is related to awareness.

Frequently Asked Questions on Energy Conservation Essay

Question 1. How can the conservation of energy be done in a systematic manner?

Answer: Energy is conserved in various ways in which it can be saved utilized for future use.

Question 2. How is the conservation of energy-related to pollution?

Answer: Less of energy consumption leads to the lowering of toxins in the air. This is how energy conservation can control pollution.

Question 3. Why do humans forget to conserve energy?

Answer: Humans behave irrationally when it comes to energy conservation because they have no idea of what the future has in store for them.

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Energy Conservation

From childhood, we have been taught the principle of turning off devices or appliances when not in use. Usually, we turn off the fan, light, AC, refrigerator when we move out of home or when not in use. We adopt these practices not only to save money but also to reduce the consumption of energy. Appropriate behavior and habits can help in energy conservation. In this article, let us know the techniques of energy conservation in detail.

What is Energy Conservation?

Energy conservation is the act of reducing the usage and wastage of energy. Switching off the AC, light, etc., when nobody is in the room are a few practices that help in energy conservation. We know energy is a broad term and is the fundamental source of living. Energy is classified into various types depending on its nature. Energy conservation is the means of reducing the consumption of energy. 

To reduce the environmental impact on society, energy conservation measures are being imparted. Remember, by saving energy, you are protecting the environment directly. We know that energy is precious. Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another. 

The best examples to demonstrate energy transformation from one form to another are:

• The microphone is a device to convert sound energy into electrical energy.
• The solar panel is used to convert sunlight to electrical energy.
• Shafts in the windmill rotate to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Note: Energy conservation day has been celebrated on December 14 every year since 1991.

Read more: Energy and Classification of Energy

Best Ways to Conserve Energy in Daily Life

• Adjust your day-to-day behaviours to turn off devices and appliances when not in use. Purchase devices and appliances which consume less energy.
• Adapt smart power strips: Do you know power or energy is consumed when the appliances are not in use. Yes, appliances draw power from outlets and are referred to as phantom loads. These smart power strips will help to cut down on phantom-load costs and save energy.
• Refrigerators are one of the main appliances that consume power. Keep the setting of the refrigerator low to save energy.
• Using CFL and LED bulbs to save energy. Regular incandescent bulbs consume more energy than CFL and LED.
• Clean or replace air filters as recommended. Air conditioners (AC) and heaters consume more energy than other appliances. Cleaning or replacing air filters improves efficiency and consumes less energy.
• Operate dishwasher and washing machines in a full load. To get the most energy-saving use from each run cycle.
• Using a laptop instead of desktop computers can save considerable energy.
• Install water-saver showerheads to help with conserving hot water and save power.
• Use a slow cooker, toaster oven, or microwave oven over a conventional oven. Also, use utensils made of ceramic and glass.
• Cycling is the best way to save fuel.
• Walking instead of driving also saves energy.
• Skip the dryer on a breezy day and dry clothes on the clothesline.

Benefits of Conservation of Energy

Energy conservation helps in :

• Saves the cost and lowers your utility bills.
• Prolongs the existence of fossil fuels.
• Protects the environment.
• Reduces pollution.

Energy conservation day is celebrated on the 14th of December every year.

Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

Do cfl and led help in energy conservation.

Yes, CFL and LED consume less power than traditional fluorescent lamps and help in energy saving.

State law of conservation of energy

The law of conservation of energy states that “energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can only be converted from one form to another”

Give an example to explain energy transformation from one form to another.

Energy transformation is seen in solar panels, where sunlight is converted into electrical energy.

Explain two ways in which energy can be saved in day-to-day life.

• Adapting smart power strips helps to reduce the loss of energy.
• Operating a washing machine or dishwasher in full load helps to consume less energy than operating in half-load.

What are the ways in which energy can be transferred?

• Mechanically – By the action of force
• Electrically – Electrically
• By Radiation – By Light waves or Sound waves
• By Heating – By conduction, convection, or radiation

What is energy conservation?

Energy conservation is the means of reducing the consumption of energy.

What are the benefits of energy conservation?

The following are the benefits of energy conservation:

• Saves the cost and lowers your utility bills

Watch the video and find out conservation measures we can take to save the natural resources depleting at an alarming rate.

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Essay on Importance of Energy Conservation

Students are often asked to write an essay on Importance of Energy Conservation in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Importance of Energy Conservation

Understanding energy conservation.

Energy conservation is the practice of reducing the use of energy. It’s important because it helps to save resources, reduce pollution, and save money.

Why is Energy Conservation Important?

Conserving energy is crucial for our planet. It reduces the demand for fossil fuels like oil, coal, and gas, which produce harmful emissions.

Benefits of Energy Conservation

Energy conservation benefits both the environment and the economy. It reduces energy costs, prevents energy shortages, and promotes sustainable living.

Ways to Conserve Energy

We can conserve energy by switching off lights when not in use, using energy-efficient appliances, and recycling. Every small step counts!

250 Words Essay on Importance of Energy Conservation

Introduction to energy conservation, significance of energy conservation.

Energy conservation plays a vital role in minimizing the negative impact on the environment. By reducing energy use, we can decrease greenhouse gas emissions, mitigating climate change. Furthermore, conserving energy leads to less demand for energy production, thus reducing the need for harmful energy extraction processes.

Energy Conservation and Economic Benefits

From an economic perspective, energy conservation is beneficial as it can lead to significant cost savings for individuals and businesses. By implementing energy-efficient measures, we can save energy and consequently money on our utility bills.

The Role of Technology in Energy Conservation

Technology plays a pivotal role in energy conservation. Innovations such as smart grids, energy-efficient appliances, and renewable energy sources are key contributors to energy conservation. They not only reduce energy consumption but also promote a sustainable and eco-friendly lifestyle.

In conclusion, energy conservation is a crucial practice that benefits the environment and the economy, and enhances our quality of life. It’s our collective responsibility to conserve energy for the betterment of our planet and future generations. By embracing energy-efficient technologies and making conscious choices, we can make a significant impact on energy conservation.

500 Words Essay on Importance of Energy Conservation

Introduction.

Energy conservation is a critical aspect in the current global context, with implications for the environment, economy, and society. It involves reducing energy consumption through efficient energy use, thereby decreasing the demand for energy production. This essay delves into the importance of energy conservation, providing a comprehensive understanding of its necessity and benefits.

Environmental Implications

Economic benefits.

Energy conservation also has significant economic benefits. By using energy more efficiently, we can reduce energy costs both at the individual and national level. Energy conservation measures can lead to substantial savings for households and businesses, enhancing economic efficiency. At the national level, reducing energy demand can decrease dependence on foreign energy sources, contributing to energy security and economic stability.

Technological Advancements

The need for energy conservation has spurred technological advancements, leading to the development of energy-efficient appliances and renewable energy technologies. These innovations not only conserve energy but also promote sustainable development and green jobs, contributing to economic growth and environmental sustainability.

Health and Social Benefits

In conclusion, energy conservation is of paramount importance in today’s world. It is a key strategy for mitigating environmental degradation, promoting economic efficiency, spurring technological innovation, and enhancing health and social equity. As such, it is incumbent upon all of us, from individuals to nations, to incorporate energy conservation measures into our daily lives and policies. The future of our planet and generations to come depends on our actions today. With the right commitment and effort, we can conserve energy and ensure a sustainable and prosperous future for all.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

Happy studying!

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Save Energy Essay in 500+ Words in English

• Updated on  
• Jun 13, 2024

‘When the sun is bright, say no to tube light’. I know this sounds more like a nursery rhyme but trust me, it is the cheat code to save energy for a sustainable future. Today, the annual global energy conservation is 580 million terajoules, and do you know where we get the most of this energy? The sun and Earth’s natural resources. Governments and NGOs across the world are organising climate and energy conservation summits to raise awareness and implement sustainable energy guidelines. Today, our Save Energy essay will guide you towards this modern approach to energy conservation and how do we achieve it.

Table of Contents

• 1 Why Should We Save Energy?
• 2 How Can We Save Energy?
• 3 Conclusion
• 4 Save Energy Essay 200 words

Why Should We Save Energy?

In the words of Jimmy Carter, one of the most admired former U.S. presidents, ¨Because we are now running out of gas and oil, we must prepare quickly for a third change, to strict conservation and to the use of… Permanent renewable energy sources, like solar power

The world of today needs more important resources. Among those, energy is one of the most important ones therefore it is crucial to save energy for many reasons, impacting our environment and daily lives. 

As of 2024, global energy consumption is rising continuously and is putting strain on natural resources and the issues related to the environment. As per IEA (International Energy Agency), energy demand has increased by an average of 3.4 percent annually through 2026. It should be noted there was a rise in consumption from 18 percent in 2015 to 20 percent in 2023. 

One of the primary reasons to save energy is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Efficient consumption of energy via solar PV and wind generation for the years 2021 to 2022 helped around 465 Mt of Carbon Dioxide emissions in the power sector. 

Without cleaning energy technologies which further included eclectic vehicles, and other heat pumps saving 85 Mt Carbon Dioxide would not be possible. 

Additionally, saving energy helps in leading economic benefits too. Practising energy-efficiency practices and technologies helps at ground level to save energy. Moreover, conservation of energy ensures the longer life of non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels, coal, oil, and natural gas. 

In conclusion, saving energy helps not only protect our environment but also reduce the costs of consumption which further leads to a sustainable future. Small changes in our daily activities can contribute to a greener and more energy-efficient world. 

Quick Read: Essay on Global Warming

How Can We Save Energy?

We all know that energy conservation helps not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also promote sustainable development. Now the question is, how can we save energy at ground level? So here are some simple but effective ways to save energy:

1. At Home:

• Practice turning off lights and appliances when they are not in use.
• Replace the more energy-consuming bulbs with energy-efficient LED bulbs.
• It is advisable to adjust the temperature of the air-conditioner accordingly.
• Do not forget to unplug the electronics and charge them when not in use. Practice using energy-efficient appliances and equipment, which also make efficient use of energy.

2. At School: 

• Peers should be made aware of ” The Car Pooling” practice. Also, the use of public transportation should be boosted. 
• Children should be encouraged to use energy carefully. The practice of energy-saving habits such as turning off computers and other electronic devices when not in use should be taught.
• Regularly setting up energy-saving campaigns and competitions can also help raise awareness about saving energy.
• Special classes should be given to promote and install solar panels or other renewable energy sources. 

Government initiatives and policies such as the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC), the Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) flagship programme of the Bureau of Energy under the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE), Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) and many more are notable examples that are led by the government for the sustainability of energy. 

Saving energy is not a sole activity; instead, it is a collective responsibility that needs the active participation of individuals, communities, businesses and governments. By adopting the correct practices of saving energy in our daily lives, we can contribute to a greener way of life and a brighter future for ourselves as well as for future generations. 

Also Read: Essay on Indian Farmers in 100, 200, and 350 words

Save Energy Essay 200 words

How would it be if you had superpowers that could help your school, community, and the planet Earth? Isn’t that exactly what happens when you become an “ Energy-saving superhero? ” It might seem small, but if you trust in helping hands, tiny habits like turning off a computer and other gadgets can add up to a big difference.

As a student, the first and foremost mission to save energy begins in the classroom. Are the lights left on in empty rooms? Are fans and other electrical equipment functioning without any purpose and constantly draining energy? Become a “Detective of Power” and turn off every purposeless appliance that sucks up energy.

Next, unleash your inner “ Eco-Warrior .” To accomplish this purpose, ensure that all electronic items are switched off when everyone is leaving, as every watt saved is a miraculous victory for the planet. Shortening bathroom breaks, taking shorter showers, and using an air dryer only when needed are other super ways to save water and energy, and of course, to finally use the power of nature.

By becoming an “ Energy Superhero ,” we will not only help our school and other important places but also save money on electricity bills. Be a responsible citizen, grab your cape, and let your mission to save energy begin.

Also Read: Short and Long Essay on National Memorial Day

Ans: 10 ways to save energy include the following: a) Turn off lights when leaving a room. b) Unplug chargers and electronics when not in use. c) Use energy-efficient LED bulbs. d) Set air conditioners at moderate temperatures. e) Take shorter showers to save hot water. f) Wash clothes in cold water whenever possible. g) Use a clothesline instead of a dryer. h) Carpool or use public transportation. i) Properly insulate your home. j) Purchase energy-efficient appliances.

Ans: Saving energy means using less energy or consuming the energy efficiently. The saving of energy includes the necessary steps that reduce the amount of energy that we waste in our daily lives, at home, school or at work.

Ans: Energy powers our homes, schools, and workplaces. We need energy to run appliances, lights, and electronics. Energy fuels transportation like cars, buses, and trains. Industries require energy to operate machines and equipment. Energy helps us cook food and heat or cool our buildings.

Discover some interesting topics in Essay Writing 

For more information on such interesting topics, visit our essay writing page and follow Leverage Edu . 

Deepika Joshi

Deepika Joshi is an experienced content writer with educational and informative content expertise. She has hands-on experience in Education, Study Abroad and EdTech SaaS. Her strengths lie in conducting thorough research and analysis to provide accurate and up-to-date information to readers. She enjoys staying updated on new skills and knowledge, particularly in the education domain. In her free time, she loves to read articles, and blogs related to her field to expand her expertise further. In her personal life, she loves creative writing and aspires to connect with innovative people who have fresh ideas to offer.

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How to Conserve Energy in Our Daily Life

Will Turning Off My Monitor Save Energy?

Your daily habits could be wasting a lot of energy, and that costs you money and damages the environment. People consume energy mostly for electric devices and lighting, transportation and heating or cooling. Simple tips will help reduce your energy consumption across the board and make a real difference to your wallet and the planet.

Turn It Down

Heating and cooling systems can be real energy hogs. Most people think of lights when it comes to energy consumption in the home. In fact, water and space heating account for nearly 63 percent of typical home energy use, while lighting only accounts for 6 percent. Luckily, there are some quick ways to reduce your heating bill. Turn down the thermostat on the furnace and put on a sweater to keep warm. Install a programmable thermostat to reduce energy use while you are away at work and asleep at night. Invest in some insulated drapes to block out heat in summer and keep in warmth in winter. Turn down the temperature on your water heater by a few degrees. Finally, consider a home energy audit to uncover more ways to improve energy efficiency.

Turn It Off

Appliances can't draw power if they are turned off. Better yet, unplug anything you don't need. Choose EnergyStar approved appliances when you can. We've grown so used to constant background noise from gadgets and gizmos that it's become normal to us. Try turning everything off and listen to the blessed silence. You'll be surprised at how much racket all that stuff made.

When driving, don't let your car idle. Turn off the ignition when parked or stopped at a light. Take public transportation whenever possible, and as an added bonus, you won't have to worry about parking.

Don't Buy It

Think before buying that new electric gadget -- do you need it or will it just clutter up your home? Every new electric gadget requires energy in several ways: energy to produce it and transport it to the consumer, energy to operate it, and energy to recycle or dispose of it. If you don't buy it in the first place, you've just saved some of that energy.

Use Human Power

A manual chopping tool makes short work of carrots and onions, takes minimal counter space, and uses only human power. Try that instead of a food processor. Ride your bike to work for a double whammy of fitness and fuel savings. Wash the dishes by hand instead of running the dishwasher. Let your hair dry in the sun instead of using a hair dryer. If your city allows it, hang the laundry to dry outside; if not, use an indoor rack. Have fun by taking the whole family to the park for a game of soccer instead of playing video games indoors. Read a paper book -- no batteries required!

Simplify Your Life

Categorize your errands by location, and combine several into one trip to save fuel and time. If you have to pick up the dry cleaning, stop in at the pharmacy next door for toothpaste and cold medication, for example. Buy a week's worth of groceries at once instead of driving to the supermarket every other day. Eventually, these things will become habits, and your energy costs will drop.

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by Chris Woodford . Last updated: November 28, 2022.

Photo: The conservation of energy: James Prescott Joule calculated that the water at the bottom of Niagara falls would be about a fifth of a degree warmer than the water at the top. Why? The water loses potential energy as it falls, which is converted into heat. [2] Photo courtesy of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division .

What is the conservation of energy?

In a closed system, the amount of energy is fixed. You can't create any more energy inside the system or destroy any of the energy that's already in there. But you can convert the energy you have from one form to another (and sometimes back again).

What is a closed system?

Artwork: A closed system?

Examples of the conservation of energy

Where does your fuel go?

Artwork: Figures for city driving from Where the energy goes , fueleconomy.gov.

Photo: An electric kettle like this converts electrical energy into heat energy. That's the reverse of the process that happens in the power plant that supplies your home, where electricity is produced using heat energy released by burning a fuel such as coal, oil, or gas.

Pushing a car uphill

Artwork: When you push a car uphill, the potential energy it gains comes from the energy your body loses in the process.

Who discovered the conservation of energy?

“ ... the quantity of heat produced by the friction of bodies, whether solid or liquid, is always proportional to the quantity of force expended. ” James Prescott Joule, The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat, 1845.

Why perpetual motion machines never work

Find out more.

• The Museum of Unworkable Devices : An excellent website about perpetual motion machines (and similar unworkable devices) compiled by Donald E. Simanek, former professor of physics at Lockhaven University.

What about the conservation of mass?

If you liked this article..., don't want to read our articles try listening instead, on this website.

• Atomic energy

On other websites

• The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat : A good Wikipedia article about James Prescott Joule's famous experiment.
• The Conservation of Energy : In this short video clip from his MIT lectures, Professor Walter Lewin demonstrates very impressively that you can't finish up with more energy than you started off with. Luckily for him, as it turns out!

For younger readers

• Eyewitness Energy by Jack Challoner and Dan Green. Dorling Kindersley, 2016. A simple introduction to the science, technology, and history of energy. Ages 9–12.
• Energy by Chris Woodford. Dorling Kindersley, 2007. My own colorful introduction explains what energy is, where it comes from, and how we use it in our everyday lives. Ages 9–12.
• Power and Energy by Chris Woodford. Facts on File. This longer book of mine is a history of human efforts to harness energy, from ancient technologies like water power to the latest forms of renewable energy. Suitable for most readers from about ages 10 upward.

For older readers

• Great Experiments in Physics: Firsthand Accounts from Galileo to Einstein by Morris H. Shamos. Dover, 1959/1987. This utterly wonderful book (one of my favorite books ever!) contains reprints of papers reporting many of the greatest physics experiments of all time, including "Chapter 12. The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat" by James Prescott Joule. You may be able to read the whole paper via Google Books if you scroll through to page 166.
• Six Easy Pieces by Richard Feynman. Basic Books, 2011. Chapter 4 is a clear, simple, theoretical explanation of the conservation of energy.
• How a missing penny explains the conservation of energy by Rhett Allain. Wired, May 2, 2017. There are no missing pennies: the energy books must always balance!
• Fact or Fiction?: Energy Can Neither Be Created Nor Destroyed by Clara Moskowitz. Scientific American, August 5, 2014. Can we find anything that violates the most fundamental energy law?
• The Discovery of the Law of Conservation of Energy by G. Sarton et al, Isis, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Sep., 1929). This article traces the history of the conservation of energy back through Mayer, Joule, Carnot, and others.
• On the Principle of the Conservation of Energy by Ernst Mach, The Monist, Vol. 5, No. 1 (October, 1894), pp. 22–54 (33 pages). Mach discusses the broader signifance of the law and in terms of our concepts of energy.
• Conservation of energy in the human body , Scientific American, Vol. 81, No. 6, August 5, 1899.

References ↑    Five medium ripe bananas contain about 500 calories according to the US Department of Agriculture database. How much energy you use during swimming varies according to stroke and vigor, and what your body's like, but 500 calories is a decent ballpark figure . Richard Muller explains the calculation more generally and notes that an hour's vigorous exercise of any kind burns off roughly 400 calories (I've rounded up) in Physics and Technology for Future Presidents (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008. p.26) ↑    I cover this story in my book Atoms Under the Floorboards , p.38. It's covered at greater length in James Joule, Letter to the editors, Philosophical Magazine 27 (1845): 205, quoted in Shamos, M. H. (ed.) (1987), Great Experiments in Physics (Dover, New York), p. 169. Please do NOT copy our articles onto blogs and other websites Articles from this website are registered at the US Copyright Office. Copying or otherwise using registered works without permission, removing this or other copyright notices, and/or infringing related rights could make you liable to severe civil or criminal penalties. Text copyright © Chris Woodford 2012, 2021. All rights reserved. Full copyright notice and terms of use . Follow us

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Essay on Energy Conservation

Energy is all around us, and it’s what makes our world work. From the lights in our homes to the cars on the road, energy is essential for our daily lives. However, it’s important to remember that energy is not an infinite resource. We need to use it wisely and conserve it for the future. This is where energy conservation comes into play. In this essay, I will argue that energy conservation is crucial for a sustainable and bright future.

What is Energy Conservation?

Energy conservation means using less energy to do the same tasks. It involves finding ways to reduce our energy consumption while still meeting our needs. For example, turning off lights when we leave a room, using energy-efficient appliances, and insulating our homes to keep them warm in the winter and cool in the summer are all ways to conserve energy. By doing these things, we can save money on our energy bills and help protect the environment.

Why is Energy Conservation Important?

Energy conservation is essential for several reasons. First and foremost, it helps reduce our impact on the environment. When we use less energy, we produce fewer greenhouse gases, which are responsible for climate change. By conserving energy, we can slow down the warming of the Earth and protect our planet for future generations.

Secondly, energy conservation can save us money. When we use less energy, our energy bills go down. Imagine if you could save money every month just by being more mindful of how you use energy! That extra money can be used for other important things, like education, healthcare, or fun activities with your family.

How Can We Conserve Energy?

There are many simple ways we can conserve energy in our everyday lives. One way is to use energy-efficient light bulbs. These bulbs use less electricity and last longer, which means we save money and reduce our energy consumption. Another way is to unplug electronic devices when we’re not using them, like chargers, computers, and TVs. Even when these devices are turned off, they can still use energy if they’re plugged in.

Additionally, we can save energy by using public transportation or carpooling instead of driving alone in our cars. When we drive less, we use less gasoline, which helps reduce air pollution and save money on fuel. Moreover, we can turn off the tap while brushing our teeth to save water heating energy and make sure our homes are well-insulated to keep the heat or air conditioning inside.

The Impact of Energy Conservation

The impact of energy conservation goes beyond just saving money and protecting the environment. It also helps create a more sustainable future. Sustainable means that we can meet our needs today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. By conserving energy, we ensure that there will be enough energy for everyone in the future.

Imagine a world where there is not enough energy to power our homes, schools, and hospitals. It would be a challenging and uncertain place to live. But if we start conserving energy now, we can avoid that future and make sure that energy is available for everyone, now and in the years to come.

Conclusion of Essay on Energy Conservation

In conclusion, energy conservation is not just a good idea; it’s a crucial step toward a better future. It helps us reduce our impact on the environment, save money, and ensure that there will be enough energy for everyone in the future. We can all do our part to conserve energy by making small changes in our daily lives, like using energy-efficient light bulbs and turning off devices when we’re not using them.

So, let’s work together to conserve energy and create a more sustainable and brighter future for ourselves and the generations to come. By doing so, we can enjoy the benefits of energy conservation and make our world a better place for everyone.

Also Check: List of 500+ Topics for Writing Essay

Top Ways to Conserve Energy: 25 Smart Strategies for Home and Planet

• Last updated: October 21, 2023
• By: The Thrive Tribe

In today’s world, conserving energy is more than just a trend—it’s a necessity. With rising energy costs and growing environmental concerns, people are constantly searching for ways to cut down on their energy consumption. In this article, we’ll explore some practical ways to conserve energy in your daily life, helping you save money and do your bit for the environment. 

Why should we conserve energy?

Energy conservation is vital for the environment, economy, and health. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) states that residential and commercial buildings consume 39% of total energy , significantly contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing energy use combats climate change and decreases emissions. Energy-efficient measures like using LED bulbs can cut electricity bills by an average of 25%, according to the EPA. Less reliance on fossil fuels enhances air quality, lowering respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Economically, energy conservation boosts energy security, reduces vulnerability to price changes, and fosters job growth in the renewable sector. In essence, energy conservation benefits our planet, health, wallets, and economy.

25 Ways to Reduce Energy Consumption and Lower Utility Costs

1. swap out incandescent lights with led bulbs.

Swapping out incandescent lights for energy-efficient LED bulbs can greatly reduce energy consumption. LEDs use up to 80% less energy than incandescent bulbs, lowering electricity bills and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. They also last 25 times longer, saving money on replacements and lessening environmental waste. LED bulbs emit less heat, enhancing safety and reducing cooling costs. With various LED options available for different light fixtures, transitioning to LEDs offers both energy conservation and long-term cost savings. When paired with sustainable lighting fixtures, energy-efficient light bulbs create a well-lit ambiance that does not harm the environment.

2. Invest in intelligent power strips

Intelligent power strips help conserve energy by combating phantom loads—the energy used by devices when off but plugged in. Phantom loads can account for up to 10% of household electricity usage, as per the Department of Energy. Smart power strips detect devices in standby mode, cutting their power and eliminating manual unplugging. They often feature timed shut-offs for long-inactive devices like TVs or computers and may include remote switches for easy multi-device control. Using these power strips reduces electricity bills and enhances energy efficiency.

3. Install a smart, programmable thermostat

Installing a smart thermostat can significantly reduce energy use and cut utility costs. These devices auto-adjust temperatures based on your routine, ensuring optimal heating or cooling only when needed. Using one can save about 8% on heating and cooling expenses. Besides, many models remind you to change air filters for peak HVAC efficiency and detect system issues early on, preventing costly repairs. Thus, a smart thermostat offers enhanced temperature control, energy efficiency, and cost savings.

4. Opt for appliances with high energy ratings

Appliances are integral to our everyday life. Choosing energy-efficient appliances helps conserve energy and reduces monthly utility bills. Such appliances, identifiable by the Energy Star label, adhere to the EPA’s strict energy efficiency guidelines and can offer up to 30% energy savings compared to standard models. Notably, energy-efficient clothes washers use less water and power, while high-rated refrigerators have advanced insulation and compressors for reduced energy use. Investing in these appliances not only saves money but also minimizes greenhouse gas emissions. When upgrading, prioritize high energy ratings and the Energy Star label for optimal savings.

5. Upgrade to energy-efficient windows

Energy-efficient windows offer cost savings and environmental benefits by improving insulation and regulating indoor temperatures. The Department of Energy (DOE) states that heat gain and loss through windows contribute to 25 to 30 percent of most homes’ heating and cooling energy. For cold climates, low-e storm windows reflect heat indoors, minimizing heating needs. In warmer areas, they block external heat, reducing cooling costs. When purchasing, look for the Energy Star and National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) labels to ensure energy efficiency and performance. Complementing windows with shades, shutters, and awnings further boosts insulation. By opting for energy-efficient windows and insulation enhancements, you’ll cut heating and cooling costs and decrease your carbon footprint.

6. Boost your home’s insulation

Improving home insulation is vital for energy efficiency, providing warmth in winter and coolness in summer, reducing energy bills. Begin by sealing gaps around doors and windows with weather stripping to prevent drafts and maintain desired temperatures. Window treatments like curtains add another insulation layer. Seal foundation cracks with expanding foam or caulking to prevent air leaks. Properly insulating areas like attics, crawl space and basements further prevents heat loss and unnecessary energy waste. By sealing gaps, insulating key areas, and using weather stripping, you enhance energy efficiency and home comfort.

7. Opt for cold-water laundry cycles

Using cold-water laundry cycles conserves energy and cuts utility costs. Washing in cold water can save up to 40% on energy bills, with potential annual savings of around $115. Modern laundry detergents are designed for cold-water efficacy, eliminating the need for warmer cycles. Moreover, cold water maintains clothing quality, preventing fading and wear. Thus, cold-water washing promotes energy efficiency, cost savings, and clothing longevity, supporting an eco-friendly lifestyle.

8. Clean or Replace air filters regularly

Regularly cleaning or replacing air filters optimizes HVAC efficiency and conserves energy. Dirty filters make the HVAC system work harder, elevating energy waste. Experts advise updating filters every 1 to 3 months, which can result in up to 15% energy bill savings. Maintaining clean filters ensures smooth airflow, preventing system strain and prolonging its lifespan. Thus, routine filter care not only cuts energy costs but also promotes sustainability.

9. Choose the appropriate oven for cooking

Choosing the right oven enhances energy efficiency in cooking. For smaller households or infrequent cooking, a smaller oven or countertop appliance like a toaster oven uses less energy and heats faster. If you often reheat or toast, consider energy-efficient appliances like microwaves. By aligning oven size and type with your needs, you can save on energy bills and promote sustainability. Every energy-saving choice matters!

10. Maximize the use of daylight

Harnessing daylight in workspaces is both eco-friendly and beneficial for employee well-being. Positioning workstations near windows and pulling back the window shades or using lightweight blinds boosts natural light access, reducing electricity usage from artificial lighting. This can cut energy bills and decrease a company’s carbon footprint. Plus, natural light elevates serotonin levels, enhancing mood and productivity. So, using daylight smartly can drive both sustainability and a happier workplace!

11. Wear climate-appropriate attire

Dressing for the weather is an eco-friendly choice. In winter, wearing warm clothes like sweaters and thermal socks reduces heater reliance, cutting energy costs. In summer, lightweight fabrics like cotton help you stay cool, lessening the need for fans or air conditioners. This strategy not only conserves energy and lowers bills but also shrinks your carbon footprint. So, whether you’re layering up or dressing down, enjoy comfort while saving energy.

12. Switch off unused lights and gadgets

Turning off lights and unused gadgets is an easy way to save energy and cut utility costs. As highlighted by the U.S. Department of Energy, switching off a single 60-watt bulb for just four hours daily saves about $9 annually. Remember to power down electronics, as even standby mode consumes energy, which can account for 10% of your electric bill, per the Natural Resources Defense Council. Using smart power strips can automate this and protect devices from surges. Adopt these habits, reduce your carbon footprint, and make daily energy conservation second nature.

13. Use timers for decorative lighting

Utilizing timers for decorative lighting is a savvy way to save energy. There are three main timer types:

• Mechanical timers: These basic devices, using pins or pegs, are set to activate lights at designated times.
• Digital timers: Offering greater flexibility, they have specific timing options and sometimes include random settings for a “homey” feel when you’re out.
• Smart timers: These high-tech options can be controlled via apps or smart home setups, boasting features like voice control and tailored schedules.

The perks of timers? They conserve energy, trim down bills, and automate lighting control, enhancing ambiance without wasting electricity. Pick your preferred timer and embrace both beauty and energy efficiency.

14. Detect and disconnect energy-draining devices

Combat energy vampires and slash your electricity bill by identifying and unplugging devices that drain power even when not in use. Devices like power bricks, game consoles, wall chargers, and printers, often termed as standby power or phantom loads, can account for up to 10% of a household’s energy use, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.

Spot these culprits by checking for constant displays or if they’re warm when idle. An energy monitor can further pinpoint power-hungry devices. While unplugging each device is a solution, power strips make it convenient to disconnect multiple devices simultaneously. For automated control, consider timers or smart power strips.

Tackling these energy-draining devices not only aids the environment by cutting greenhouse gas emissions but also trims your energy expenses.

15. Minimize hot water consumption

To conserve energy, minimize hot water use, as heating water drives your total energy usage significantly. Shorter showers and choosing them over baths can save significant water and energy. Adjust your water heater to around 120°F for optimal conservation and safety. Insulate hot water pipes to retain heat, and lower the heater’s thermostat during vacations. Adopting these habits can lead to substantial energy savings, benefiting both your wallet and the planet.

16. Limit the use of air cooling systems

Limiting air conditioner use conserves energy and cuts electricity costs, especially during warm months. Using programmable thermostats can automate temperature adjustments to save energy when you’re away or sleeping. Incorporate natural shading from trees to decrease sun exposure, reducing cooling needs. Engaging in outdoor activities also reduces indoor cooling time. Adopt these strategies to promote energy conservation and foster an eco-friendly lifestyle.

17. Monitor refrigerator and freezer efficiency

Maintaining your refrigerator’s efficiency is pivotal for energy savings, as it accounts for roughly 14% of household energy use. To optimize performance, set fridges to 35-38°F and freezers to 0°F. Regular upkeep, like cleaning condenser coils and ensuring door seals are airtight, enhances efficiency and extends appliance life. Proper refrigerator maintenance not only conserves energy but also ensures food stays fresh while keeping electricity bills in check.

18. Air-dry clothes as an alternative to machine drying

Air-drying clothes is a sustainable choice that saves energy and preserves garment quality. Instead of machine drying, which consumes power and wears out clothing, air-drying involves hanging clothes outdoors on a line or indoors near open windows. If outdoor space is limited, a well-ventilated indoor area works just as well. For those still using dryers, wool dryer balls can enhance efficiency, cutting down drying time. This method not only conserves energy but also helps garments last longer, minimizing replacements. In essence, air-drying is both eco-friendly and garment-friendly, making it a win-win for your energy bills and wardrobe.

19. Operate appliances at full capacity

For max energy efficiency, always run appliances at full capacity. Here’s why and how:

• Dishwashers & Washing Machines: Only run with full loads. Partial loads consume equal energy, so wait and maximize each cycle.
• Ovens: Match oven size to meal size. Using a big oven for small dishes consumes more energy. For smaller meals, consider toaster ovens.
• Dryers: Like washers, wait for a full clothing load. Running partial loads isn’t energy-efficient.

By simply optimizing appliance use, you’ll see notable energy savings and lower utility bills. Small shifts make a big difference!

20. Opt for quick showers

Opting for quick showers not only saves on energy and water but also lowers your bills. Using a standard showerhead, you consume about 2.5 gallons per minute. Trim a few minutes, and you save significantly. In fact, for a family of four, cutting just one minute from showering can save up to 1,825 gallons annually. This also translates to less energy needed to heat the water, reducing your energy bills. So, by adopting shorter showers, you contribute to conservation and pocket savings, making it a sustainable choice for all.

21. Use Dishwashers

Dishwashers are both convenient and eco-friendly compared to handwashing, consuming less energy and water. To optimize these benefits, always run full loads and, if possible, use the eco-setting, which adjusts for efficiency with lower temperatures and shorter cycles. Skip the drying cycle, letting dishes air dry to save more energy. Modern dishwashers handle food particles well, so pre-washing isn’t necessary. Regularly clean the drain for peak efficiency. By employing these energy-smart practices, your dishwasher remains an eco-friendly asset in your home.

22. Use Solar Energy

Solar energy, harnessed via solar panels, offers homeowners a sustainable way to save on utilities, create their own source of renewable energy, and reduce reliance on traditional power sources. Many governments even offer incentives to make solar adoption more appealing. Environmentally, solar energy cuts down on greenhouse gas emissions; a typical home can reduce carbon emissions by 3 to 4 tons yearly. Pairing solar energy with energy-efficient appliances and LED bulbs maximizes savings and efficiency. Overall, solar power provides not only financial advantages but also promotes a greener, energy-conscious lifestyle.

23. Reduce Car Usage

Reducing car usage is pivotal for energy conservation and environmental protection, given that transportation, especially cars, consumes vast energy. Alternatives like walking, biking, carpooling, or public transit lessen our car dependence, offer health benefits and reduce emissions. Cities focusing on such alternatives report decreased pollution, improved public health, and better living standards. For example, cities enhancing biking routes experience less traffic and cleaner air. Embracing these alternatives not only safeguards our environment but also boosts our health and quality of life. Let’s drive less for a greener, healthier future.

24. Consider a smaller living space

Opting for a smaller living space is a savvy move to cut energy use and utility costs. Smaller homes naturally use less energy, slashing electricity bills. Beyond energy savings, they’re also easier to maintain and promote a minimalist lifestyle. Studies highlight that those who’ve downsized have seen significant energy reductions; for instance, a suburban study noted a 45% drop in utility bills among those in energy-efficient, smaller homes. Embracing a smaller home doesn’t just save money—it paves the way for a more sustainable and focused lifestyle. So, downsizing can be both an environmental and lifestyle win.

25. Reduce the number of gadgets

Trimming down the number of gadgets we own is a smart way to save energy and declutter our lives. Reports show that gadgets account for around 25% of U.S. household electricity use. Moreover, by 2030, we’re expected to have an average of 13 gadgets each globally. Instead of juggling multiple devices with similar functions, consider consolidating. For instance, a single device might replace the need for a tablet, laptop, and smartphone. Fewer gadgets mean less energy consumed, a tidier space, and a push towards sustainability. In essence, owning fewer gadgets is both an eco-friendly choice and a lifestyle enhancer.

Energy-efficient products for your home

When looking to conserve energy and decrease reliance on fossil fuels, homeowners have a range of energy-efficient products at their disposal. Solar panels, a widely favored choice, capture sunlight and transform it into electricity. Usually mounted on rooftops, these panels enable homeowners to lessen their dependence on conventional energy sources and cut down on electricity expenses.

Equally compelling are solar batteries, which are designed to store surplus energy produced by the solar panels. These batteries ensure that homeowners can tap into stored energy during periods without sunlight, thus optimizing energy utilization and further diminishing grid reliance.

Another notable product is the air-source heat pump. These systems harness the external air to either warm or cool the interiors, offering an efficient method for regulating home temperatures. By leveraging the surrounding air, these pumps considerably slash energy use when set against traditional HVAC systems.

By incorporating these energy-efficient tools, homeowners stand to benefit from diminished energy use and more economical utility bills. Beyond that, they play a pivotal role in fostering a more eco-friendly world by curbing greenhouse gas emissions linked to burning fossil fuels. Committing to solar panels, solar batteries, and air-source heat pumps not just results in financial savings but also champions a sustainable and more pristine future.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. what is the difference between energy conservation and energy efficiency.

Energy conservation and energy efficiency, though related, have unique focuses in the realm of sustainability. Conservation is about tweaking our habits, like turning off unused lights or optimizing natural lighting, to use less energy without sacrificing comfort. Efficiency, however, leans into technology, using devices like energy-saving bulbs or smart thermostats that perform tasks with less energy. In a nutshell, conservation is about mindful energy habits, while efficiency utilizes advanced tech for similar outcomes. Together, they’re our ticket to a greener, energy-smart future.

2. What consumes the most electricity in a home?

Heating and air conditioning dominate household energy consumption. To save energy, it’s key to use these systems judiciously and set them to optimal temperatures. Other energy culprits include kitchen appliances, lighting, entertainment devices, and laundry machines. It’s crucial to switch them off when not needed and use their energy-saving modes. By embracing energy-efficient habits and gadgets, we not only cut down on bills but also reduce our environmental impact. Adopting such mindful practices pushes us closer to a sustainable lifestyle.

3. What are the best ways to store energy?

Energy storage is pivotal for enhancing energy efficiency and leveraging renewables. Popular storage systems include batteries, ideal for holding power from sources like solar and wind. Pumped hydro storage, where water is pumped uphill and later released to generate electricity during peak times, is another method. Additionally, thermal energy storage captures excess heat, useful for heating spaces or water. Embracing these storage techniques boosts our efficiency, optimizes renewable use, and decreases reliance on traditional power, setting us on a path to a sustainable energy landscape.

4. What are the best ways to conserve energy in my daily life?

Small daily habits can greatly influence our energy conservation efforts. Choosing energy-efficient appliances like those with the Energy Star label can drastically cut energy use without compromising performance. Simple acts, such as turning off unused lights, maximizing natural daylight, tweaking thermostat settings, and opting for cold laundry washes, can also contribute to savings. By embracing these changes, we not only protect our environment but also save on our energy bills. Let’s champion energy conservation for a greener, cost-effective future!

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Energy Conservation for Solving Climate Change Problem Essay

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The earth is warming due to greenhouse gases that come mainly from the way we use resources, travel, and create energy. Consequently, the subjects of climate change, global warming, and energy conservation are major talking points and news items in everyday life. Most people worry about the consequences their resource consumption when they hear news about climate change and its subsequent damage to the environment.

Moreover, most people assume that the government will solve this problem even though the consequences of too much energy consumption are individual. The ability to solve the problems that are associated with energy consumption depends on individuals changing their ways in order to make positive differences.

Consequently, if most people would change their habits of consumption this move would help in solving the problem of environmental degradation. The most significant way of changing people’s habits is to begin with early education programs for children with the view of instilling good conservational practices from this early age.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency reports that of all the ways energy is used in America, about 39% is used to generate electricity. Therefore, the consumption of electricity has a major impact on the environment. According to current research, “the goal behind energy conservation is to reduce the country’s reliance on fossil fuel-based energy production, thus reducing the emission of harmful airborne pollutants and greenhouse gases as well as the related environmental harms associated with coal production” (Babcock 94).

It might surprise people to know that it is not industries or large corporations that use the most electricity. Instead, American homes use the largest portion of electricity. Since the 1970s, sales of electricity to U.S. households have been more than the ones in the commercial sector (Babcock 944).

The large increase in electricity consumption by homes is partly due to population growth and the increased number of single-family households. The largest consumer-based uses of electricity in the United States’ households in 2001 were central air-conditioning and refrigeration, which adds up to around fourteen percent of the total residential energy consumption (Babcock 944).

The “number of households with central air-conditioning doubled between 1980 and 2003…..in addition 106 million households with color TVs accounted for thirty-three billion kilowatt-hours” (Babcock 944). Furthermore, color televisions comprised the largest single home-electronic use in 2003. When television use was combined with its supporting devices such as VCRs/DVDs, cable boxes, and satellite dishes, its total energy consumption came to approximately sixteen billion kilowatt-hours.

At the same time, many families (sixty million) have personal computers, internet access, as well as printers that use up to twenty-three billion kilowatt-hours of energy per year (Babcock 945). The Energy Information Administration reports that the demand for electricity that is used to power household appliances and home electronics, particularly color TVs and computer equipment will increase rapidly in the next 20 years. Nevertheless, lighting uses only 8.8 percent of the United States household electricity on average but this is still a large amount (Babcock 945). Therefore, having people turn off their lights when not in use makes a big impact.

So, where does all this electricity come from? The most common source of domestic electricity is coal-fired plants followed by natural gas and nuclear sources. “The most common source of electricity continues to be coal-fired plants, which emit pollutants like particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, mercury, as well as greenhouse gases” (Babcock 946). The Energy Information Agency shows the following graphic related to energy use in the United States:

Although we often hear of alternative energy sources like solar or wind power, they only make up only a small amount of the electricity that is produced and consumed in the United States.

Even though family homes make up the largest users of electric energy in the United States, “research indicates that most people only have a vague idea of how much electricity is consumed by their household appliances whereas most electricity consumers do not have any idea of how to save energy in an appropriate manner, and what sort of difference they could make by changing day-to-day behavior or investing in efficient measures” (Babcock 946).

Furthermore, “all forms of electricity generation have some level of environmental impact” (EPA 1). Unfortunately, most people do not realize how much of this overall electricity use comes from individual families. “The persistence of the myth that only industry is responsible for environmental harm and the difficulty individuals have understanding how their seemingly minor actions (changing a light bulb) can accumulate into more serious, widespread harm (polar bears drowning as the planet warms), contribute to the resistance of individuals to changing their environmental behavior” (Babcock 951).

A significant amount of energy consumption is taken up by individual purchases of manufactured items. For example, in 2007 254 million tons of waste was generated from industrial processes that are responsible for the manufacture of consumer products. Out of this total amount, 12% was plastic, which adds up to more than 30 million tons of plastic in one year (Plastic Recycling Facts 1).

In addition, “it takes about 15 million barrels of oil per year to make all of the plastic water bottles in America, according to the Container Recycling Institute” (Dorji, Panjaburee, and Srisawasdi 91). A total of thirty-eight billion water bottles alone are thrown away after they are used each year (Schriever 1). All of these bottles do not just disappear. Instead, they often end up in our seas and oceans.

As an engineer, I know that modern engineering design is developing in order to change the way energy is used. For example, the federal government is the largest user of energy in the United States, so federal engineers have focused on energy management. It is important to note that as buildings and other structures age, they use up more energy.

This problem could exacerbate the issues of energy conservation in future because the demand for new buildings is still on the rise. However, as a response to the problem of energy wastage by government buildings, some money is being invested to upgrade them. Did you know that buildings themselves cause 1/3 of all the greenhouse gases in the world? This trend is mostly fueled by the fact that the energy used to light and heat them is a major point of consumption.

In addition, the cement used to build most structures causes large amounts of greenhouse gas to be released to the atmosphere. Engineers know that if you have an aging infrastructure, like buildings that do not have enough insulation, and use old technologies, they will use more energy. Older buildings also use more energy. For example, pre-1980 office buildings in the United States use 10% to 15% more energy on average than post-1980 establishments (Arnold 1).

It will be very important for engineers to be as efficient as possible because most of the buildings and their mechanical systems will be in use for many years to come until approximately 2050. It is estimated that at least 60% to 75% of the buildings today will still be in use in 2050.

Therefore, “it is important, to focus on reducing energy use in existing buildings in order to cut CO₂ emissions and achieve sustainability, rather than concentrating on building new ones” (Arnold 1). Many buildings still in use today were built in the 1950s, and they use their original air-conditioning systems designed for a time when people were not worried about energy use. The Hancock building in Chicago first opened its doors in 1974; it used 1.1 million dollars of electricity in that year.

By 1985, this bill had almost tripled and it was more than $3 million. This gives an idea of what it costs to power a large building. Energy conservation is “not only good for the environment, but it is also good for the economy” (Dorji, Panjaburee, and Srisawasdi 91). Therefore, the goal of reducing energy in buildings by a certain percentage is being set across America. The key to energy sustainability in existing major buildings is ensuring they can be retrofitted and energy-managed successfully.

It is also important to note that around 75% of buildings that will be in existence by the year 2050 are already here today. Consequently, “unless the goal of reducing energy consumption in the existing buildings is achieved, countries will not be able to meet national commitments for reductions of emissions” (Arnold 2). In the case of the United States, the target is a reduction of 83% below 2005 levels by 2050.

Some of the methods that are being used to reduce energy use today include the installation of double-glass coverings on most of the walls and using the space between them as a climate-modifying space. This means that installing a second glass wall behind the outer window wall with programmable mechanical blinds between the panes.

Other energy saving measures include daylight saving lighting controls, variable speed drives, single pass outdoor air supplies and integrated chilled beams. Most of these energy-saving measures are incorporated into the lighting and other fixture, instead of the original energy inefficient dual duct systems (Arnold 2). Unfortunately, there are no good energy alternatives that can make a big impact on energy consumption.

To reduce the impact of too much energy consumption, companies and other large organizations are trying to reduce the amount of energy used on a regular basis through changes in their employees’ behavior. “Whereas one energy-efficiency approach includes technical improvements, such as increased heat insulation or replacing ventilation with volume flows, technical engineers are realizing that the behavior of people who work in organizations also contributes to energy consumptions” (Klonek and Kaufield 2).

Relying on companies to change engineering designs or the materials used represents only a small aspect of how energy conservation can be tackled. People use too much energy and people can easily reduce how much energy they use by changing their energy-use habits.

Even as Scientists and engineers are trying to find new ways to produce energy and new ways to reduce how much resources we use, most people worry about the consequences of resource use because of climate change and damage to the environment. However, “Habits and self interest as well as the inconvenience and cost of the new behavior and the unavailability of alternatives are examples of common barriers that must be overcome before individuals will change their behavior” (Babcock 951).

If people understood how important it is to conserve energy, maybe there would be a better chance of changing it. Nevertheless, research has shown that even getting people to use more energy efficient light bulbs has been a problem. Hope Babcock has spent a lot of time working to get people to use energy efficient lighting. She has worked toward getting people to change their personal behavior, and she has explored how to motivate people to become more responsible consumers of electricity and follow energy conservation habits.

The main thing to be done was to change to using compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) instead of traditional ones. “Up to ninety percent of energy produced by the traditional bulbs is lost as heat, but switching to CFLs is one way to prevent this energy loss” (Babcock 945). However, “getting individuals to switch bulbs is not as easy as one might think because of various barriers that stand in the way of changing environmental behavior.

Obviously, it is not easy to get people to change bad habits. Therefore, there is a need to come up with better energy conservation methods for the future. Many educators and the science community are working together to create educational programs for young people to teach them better habits at an early age. Educating students about electric energy consumption and conservation has been become an urgent issue.

Therefore, to try to increase awareness, an educational computer game was created. When the students played the game, it promoted to them that they only use electrical appliances for short amounts of time. The “results showed that the students’ learning achievement on energy consumption as well as their awareness on electric energy conservation improved in a significant way” (Dorji 91).

Several “Studies have pointed out that the educational computer games could engage the students in meaningful and motivational learning. But on other hand, without incorporating educational theory or applying teaching and learning strategies, the educational computer games might not be significant for a meaningful learning” (Dorji 92).

As awareness of the economic costs and environmental problems being caused by energy consumption increases, public schools have become more involved in promoting conservation education. Schools are a perfect place for teaching conservation habit, and they can reduce their energy use by 20–30% just with changes in student habits. In addition, in 2008, public school spent $8 billion just on energy costs.

A 20-30% decrease in this is worth a lot in terms of monetary resources. I am sure that the money could be better used in a better way for children’s education (Schelley 141). Schelley et al also showed how an educational program was successful in helping students change habits.

The program says the authors helped with sustainability education and the adoption of sustainable behavior. Public schools are a great place to help children learn by having role models. School facilities, school governance, and school culture all together support conservation and environmental practices.

In addition, these entities can create an organizational culture that values conservation. “Public schools are an ideal location for energy conservation measures; schools can reduce their energy use by 20–30% with a variety of behavioral and operational strategies” (Schelley 144).

However, energy conservation requires a lot of effort although its results are worthwhile. “Embracing sustainable behaviors in the daily activities of a school requires the support of an organizational culture” (Dorji 92). Organizational culture “includes the shared values, norms, and practices in an organization” (Schelley 145). Schelley claims that the more people know the more attention they pay to making changes.

“Public awareness of the economic costs and environmental impacts of energy consumption, specifically the impact of carbon emissions on global climate change, has stimulated individuals and organizations to consider strategies for reducing energy consumption” (Schelley 144). Not only are schools promoting education for energy conservation, changing the habits of students helps with the school’s own energy savings.

Some of the programs that were developed include the school-incorporated promotions for energy saving. The research study involving school-incorporated promotions for energy saving showed that the program had the capacity to achieve significant results. For example, the school district encouraged student groups to create an energy conservation program.

The “students developed a “Thanks a Watt” campaign where the students put signs above light switches reminding teachers, students, and staff to turn off the lights when they leave the room” (Schelley 144). Another idea the students developed was to paint trashcans with bright images and colors, but the recycling bins all look the same. So, students became more conscious of recycling (Schelley 152).

Charlotte NC had a contest for elementary schools to see who could design the best energy conservation posters. Schools are a great place to teach young people better energy habits because they spend a lot of time there, and the habits can be observed by the children when adults practice them.

“Sustainability education involves several key principles, including the important role of modeling” (Schelley 144). According to research on teaching sustainability education, there are four identified sources of modeling that significantly shape student perceptions and behavior—individual role models, facilities and operations, governance, and school culture” (Schelley 146). In my opinion, schools should be working toward meeting these four goals.

There are many things that ordinary people can do in their daily routines to help conserve energy. For example, that if people take showers instead of baths, this would save water. In addition, washing clothes in cold water saves a great amount of water in the long run. These simple practices are often taken for granted but they can save a lot of energy in the end.

Other energy-saving practices that are often overlooked include, not using the cardboard sleeve on coffee drinks, using bars of soap instead of detergent in plastic bottles, and shutting off all appliances including computers when they are not in use. It is also prudent to turn off lights when one is not using them. Buying non-biodegradable items such as Styrofoam cups is also contributing to environmental hazards.

In addition, it is important to try to avoid using disposable items like paper towels because this has a negative effect on the environment. Instead, it is advisable to use cleaning towels that can be washed and reused. If people reduced their house heat by a few degrees, this would have a big impact. It also helps to buy products that have less packaging, which use fewer resources and so less energy. It is better to use a microwave to reheat food rather than the stove.

Recycle whenever possible because this habit is one of the most significant conservational practices. All the above tips and pointers could have a significant effect on the conservation of energy. It is also important to note that the efforts towards achieving energy conservation mostly rely on the individual as opposed to concerted efforts by the government and other combined forces. For example, it is likely for individuals to ignore conservational-relevant practices because they appear insignificant to the end result.

However, research has indicated that the current energy conservational efforts began with seemingly insignificant actions by individuals. Consequently, it is seemingly insignificant individual actions such as foregoing Styrofoam and paper towels that have the biggest chance of reversing the effects of environmental degradation and the subsequent climatic changes.

By just changing towards a few of these practices, individuals can make a big difference in the conservation efforts. For example, “If every one of the 110 million households in the United States replaced a conventional sixty-watt incandescent bulb with one CFL, the energy saved by that small action would be enough to power a city of 1.5 million people” (947).

Research is being done to help people use less energy in their homes. Adedokun and Oladosu describe a new remote control that can help people safely turn their appliances on and off whenever it is necessary. This research is informed by the fact that most people are either ignorant or not well versed with good electrical appliance and switch etiquette. For example, many people forget to turn off their appliances, and most do not realize how much energy something like a computer screen being left on can use.

But a Global System for Mobile devices based remote control system has been developed to control and monitor electrical devices using mobile phones. A text message is used to turn off an appliance. The authors provide good information about the technical aspects of the device and how much energy is used by electrical appliances.

This would be good for my paper because it is about the need for homeowners to pay more attention to how they use energy, and it is offering a convenient and easy solution. Currently, it is not clear how much each American household appliance uses in terms of electricity because this has never been a major issue in the efforts towards energy conservation. On the other hand, homeowners are only provided with an overall number of their total electrical consumption.

However, the responsibility of determining which products consume most of the power is left upon electricity consumers. It is important to note that electricity consumers are often ill equipped and they have no way of determining the average electrical consumption of each household appliance.

In future, the codes that are used to determine the actual rates of energy consumption should be simplified in order to make them understandable to ordinary users. Currently, only a trained electrician has the capacity to determine the total energy consumption of any electrical appliance.

Climate change has presented the world with an actual crisis that has proved to be a threat to the social fabric of the United States. However, if people really want to make a difference there are many things they can do. Nevertheless, the solutions to the problem of energy consumption and conservation require individuals to alter their habits and lifestyles. Most people do not want the inconveniences that are associated with energy conservation.

Consequently, even though governments and other institutions have made considerable changes to their processes, individuals are still reluctant to take action. I am wondering if people really knew how these small changes mattered a lot if they would still be so careless. Although most people do not think that their actions have much of an impact, if everyone changed just a few things, energy conservation would be improved.

It is no longer viable to wait for governments to solve the problem of energy conservation when as individuals we have all the tools that can change this situation. The problems of energy conservation are mostly caused by individuals, so it will take these same people to change their habits in order to solve this global problem.

Works Cited

Adedokun, G., And J. A. Oladosu. “Development Of A Gsm-Based Remote Control System For Home Electrical Appliances.” Acta Technica Corvininesis – Bulletin Of Engineering 8.1 (2015): 77-80. Academic Search Complete.

Arnold, David. “Reducing Energy Use In Older Large Buildings.” ASHRAE Journal 57.1 (2015): 52-59. Academic Search Complete.

Babcock, Helen. “Responsible Environmental Behavior, Energy Conservation, and Compact Fluorescent Bulbs: You Can Lead a Horse to Water, But Can You Make It Drink?” Georgetown University Law Center. 2009.

Biello, David. “10 Solutions for Climate Change.” Scientific American.

Dorji, Ugyen, Patcharin Panjaburee, And Niwat Srisawasdi. “A Learning Cycle Approach To Developing Educational Computer Game For Improving Students’ Learning And Awareness In Electric Energy Consumption And Conservation.” Journal Of Educational Technology & Society 18.1 (2015): 91-105. Academic Search Complete.

Klonek, Florian E., and Simone Kauffeld. “Talking With Consumers About Energy Reductions: Recommendations From A Motivational Interviewing Perspective.” Frontiers In Psychology 6.(2015): 1-7. Academic Search Complete.

Knudsen, Laura. “Energy Conservation, Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Lee, Lung-Sheng, et al. “The Effect Of Hands-On ‘Energy-Saving House’ Learning Activities On Elementary School Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes, And Behavior Regarding Energy Saving And Carbon-Emissions Reduction.” Environmental Education Research 19.5 (2013): 620-638. Academic Search Complete.

Waste Not, Want Not’ 2014, Better Nutrition, 76, 4, pp. 54-57, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost,

Owen, David. “The Efficiency Dilemma.” The New Yorker.

Samuelson, Charles. “Energy Conservation: A Social Dilemma Approach.” Social Behavior. 5.1 1990. Print.

Schelly, Chelsea, et al. “How To Go Green: Creating A Conservation Culture In A Public High School Through Education, Modeling, And Communication.” Journal Of Environmental Education 43.3 (2012): 143-161. Academic Search Complete.

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ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY

Energy transformation: how does it do that.

What is energy transformation and how does energy change from one form to another? What are some examples of energy transformation in our daily life?

Juggler in Punta Arenas Chile

Juggling is a display of cyclical energy transfer. When a juggler throws an object it gains potential energy. As the object falls, its potential energy transforms into kinetic energy.

Photograph by B. O'Kane

The law of conservation of energy states energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only change from one form of energy to another. Energy transformation happens when energy is converted into another form. There are many examples of energy transformations in our daily life. A toaster uses the electrical energy running through its wires to create thermal energy —heat—to toast a bagel. When a light switch is turned on, electrical energy heats up the filament inside a light bulb and transforms the energy into light and heat energy that is seen and felt in a glowing light bulb. Food contains stored chemical energy that our bodies must first breakdown to use in order to produce kinetic energy to move. There is also chemical energy in gasoline. An automobile’s engine creates tiny explosions to release the energy from gasoline, which transforms into kinetic energy used to spin the car’s wheels. Another example of an energy transformation you come into contact with everyday is in a smartphone. Electrical energy flows through the phone and some of it is stored in the phone’s battery. Ultimately, the electrical energy is used to make telephone calls, watch videos, and play games. Most of the time, it is impossible to watch an energy transformation as it is happening but there are a few examples, such as during a juggler’s performance, where it is possible to see the changes in real time. When a juggler throws a ball into the air, the ball gains potential energy . As the ball falls back down, its potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy . But a juggler is often tossing three or more balls at a time into the air. So, each of the balls cycles through the energy transformation from potential energy to kinetic energy and back again for as long as the juggler keeps the act going.

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PTE EXAM PREPARATION

PTE Academic Exam Practice Material

Energy Conservation Essay

Read energy conservation essay for class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Know more about an essay on energy conservation in English for students in 300 words. Learn short essay on conservation of energy.

Energy Conservation Essay 300 Words

Energy conservation is the ability to conserve energy by reducing its usage in our daily lives. We have a limited supply of energy on earth and it takes a lot of time to regenerate, hence it is essential to conserve energy to make it available to our future generations. There are two possible ways to conserve energy, either we can use it efficiently or we can reduce the amount of it is used daily. Energy conservation helps in increasing the financial capital of the country, makes the environment more clean and healthy, provides national security and saves the energy for future use. It also helps in reducing abnormal climatic changes and promotes the use of renewable energy resources.

There are various ways and steps to conserve energy which includes using a bicycle or resorting to walk rather than using cars or motorbikes, this in return conserves fuel and reduces pollution, using energy-efficient lights, drying clothes with natural sunlight rather than using washing machines for drying, growing green plants near the house to get cool air and reduce the usage of air conditioners, reusing and recycling items to save energy used for the manufacture of the similar things, and there are various other activities that can be done to conserve the energy.

Energy conservation plays a significant role in our lives as this will ultimately make the environment healthy and pollution-free and also helps us lead a good and healthy life. It is important to make people aware of certain techniques that can help them save energy. The foremost step to conserve energy is to use alternative sources of energy like solar energy, windmills etc to generate energy. Sun is a natural resource and is available in abundance hence installing solar panels in the house and resorting to activities that reduce energy consumption is the best way to conserve energy.

The threat of nuclear weapons maintains world peace. Nuclear power provides cheap and clean energy

Nuclear energy is a better choice for meeting increasing demand

• Energy efficiency
• How to save energy

16 ways to conserve energy and save on your bills

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Saving energy doesn't mean you have to do less or sacrifice any creature comforts. Thanks to new, more efficient (and often affordable) tech, it's easier than ever to get more out of your home while conserving electricity and other fuels, shrinking your utility bills, and reducing your environmental impact. Here are some of the lowest-hanging fruit you can start picking off in your home.

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1. Replace your light bulbs

Traditional incandescent light bulbs consume excessive electricity and don't last as long as energy-efficient alternatives. When shopping for light bulbs, look for the government-backed symbol for energy efficiency, Energy Star. For reference, Energy Star-certified LED light bulbs use up to 90 percent less energy than an incandescent light bulb while providing the same amount of light. Although energy-efficient bulbs can be more expensive off the shelf, their efficient energy use and longer lifetimes mean they cost less in the long run.

2. Use smart power strips

"Phantom energy," also known as "standby energy" or "vampire energy," is the electricity used by electronics when turned off or in standby mode. According to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) , standby energy accounts for 5 to 10 percent of residential energy use and costs the average U.S. household as much as $100 per year. Smart power strips, also known as advanced power strips, eliminate the problem of phantom loads by shutting off the power to electronics when they are not in use. Smart power strips can turn off appliances at an assigned time, during a period of inactivity, through remote switches, or based on the status of a "master" device.

3. Install a programmable or smart thermostat

Smart thermostats can help reduce heating and cooling energy use without upgrading your HVAC system. Smart thermostats can automatically turn off or reduce heating and cooling while asleep or away and come in different models to fit your weekly schedule. 

According to ENERGY STAR , a smart thermostat could save you approximately 8 percent of your heating and cooling bills. Savings may vary based on your local climate, personal comfort preferences, how many people live in your home, and the type and age of HVAC equipment in your home. Some smart thermostats even indicate when to replace air filters or HVAC system problems to further improve the efficiency of your heating and cooling system. 

Learn more about smart thermostats like Google Nest and Ecobee .

4. Purchase energy-efficient appliances

When purchasing an appliance, you should pay attention to two numbers: the initial purchase price and the annual operating cost. Although energy-efficient appliances might have higher upfront purchase prices, they usually save money on your monthly utility bill.

When purchasing an energy-efficient appliance, look for the Energy Star label. Energy Star is a federal guarantee that the appliance will consume less energy than standard models. Importantly, energy savings differ based on the specific appliance. For example, Energy Star-certified clothes washers use approximately 20 percent less energy than standard models, whereas Energy Star refrigerators use 9 percent less energy.

5. Reduce your water heating expenses

Water heating significantly contributes to your total energy usage. Other than purchasing an energy-efficient water heater, there are three ways to reduce your water heating expenses: use less hot water, turn down the thermostat on your water heater, or insulate your water heater with the first six feet of hot and cold water pipes.

When shopping for efficient water heaters, consider the type of water heater that meets your needs and the fuel it will use. For example, tankless water heaters are energy efficient, but they are also a poor choice for large families as they cannot handle multiple and simultaneous uses of hot water. Heat pump water heaters are one of the most efficient ways to heat your home's water. Energy Star-certified heat pump water heaters can save a household of four people approximately $550 per year on its electric bills compared to a standard electric water heater. While heat pump water heaters usually have a higher upfront cost, tax credits and rebates are available to many homeowners looking to upgrade to a heat pump water heater.

6. Install energy-efficient windows

According to the Department of Energy (DOE) , heat gain and loss through windows account for 25 to 30 percent of most homes' heating and cooling energy. You can replace single-pane windows with double-pane products to prevent heat loss through your windows. For homes in colder regions, "low-e" storm windows are more insulating and can significantly reduce your heating expenses. In addition, low-e interior or exterior storm windows can reduce unnecessary heat loss by 10 to 30 percent. You should especially consider storm windows if your area frequently experiences extreme weather.

In warmer climates, heat gain through windows may be a problem. In addition to minimizing heat loss, low-e coatings on windows can reduce heat gain by reflecting more light and lowering the amount of thermal energy that enters your home. Energy Star breaks down the most efficient windows by climate or area of the U.S. on its website . Window shades, shutters, screens, and awnings can also provide an extra layer of insulation between your home and outside temperatures, leading to more energy conservation and better energy management. Some states and utility companies also offer incentives for replacing windows with more energy-efficient versions.

When shopping for energy-efficient windows, there are two key labels to look for:

Energy Star label: review details on this label just as you would on appliances

National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) label : helps you compare between energy-efficient windows, doors, and skylights by providing you with energy performance ratings in multiple categories.

7. Upgrade your HVAC system

An HVAC system comprises heating, ventilation, and air conditioning equipment. Replacing your old heating and cooling equipment with Energy Star-certified equipment can cut your annual energy bill by nearly $140 . Whether you select heat pumps or a natural gas furnace, you'll want to ensure the HVAC equipment you choose is sufficient for your climate. Heat pumps are advantageous because they efficiently heat and cool your home. Otherwise, you'll need two systems: an air conditioner to cool and a furnace or boiler to heat.

Upgrades to ventilation can also improve your energy efficiency. A ventilation system comprises a network of ducts that distribute hot and cold air throughout your home. If these ducts are not properly sealed or insulated, the resulting energy waste can add hundreds of dollars to your annual heating and cooling expenses. Proper insulation and maintenance on your ventilation system can reduce your heating and cooling expenses by up to 20 percent.

8. Weatherize your home

Weatherizing, or sealing air leaks around your home, is another way to reduce your heating and cooling expenses. The shield or "building envelope" between the inside and outside provides a barrier to weather, air, and moisture. The most common sources of air leaks into your home are vents, windows, and doors. Ensure there are no cracks or openings between the wall and vent, window, or doorframe to prevent these leaks.

You can apply caulk to seal air leaks between stationary objects, such as the wall and window frame, and weather stripping for cracks between moving objects, such as operable windows and doors. Weather stripping and caulking are simple air-sealing techniques that typically offer a return on investment in less than a year. Air leaks can also occur through openings in the wall, floor, and ceiling from plumbing, ducting, or electrical wiring.

Hot air rises and escapes through small openings, whether through ducts, light fixtures, or the attic hatch. As the natural flow of heat is from warmer to cooler areas, these small openings can make your heating bill even higher if your attic is not sufficiently insulated. Some approaches to energy efficiency, such as the Passive House standard , include a specific standard of thermal performance for the building envelope. Consider fully insulating your home to get the most out of weatherization.

9. Insulate your home

Insulation plays a crucial role in lowering your utility bills by retaining heat during the winter and keeping heat out of your home during the summer. The level of insulation you should install depends on the area of your house. Your attic, walls, floors, basement, and crawlspace are the five main areas where you should consider adding insulation. Consider receiving an energy audit to help you determine if you need to add insulation.

10. Get a home energy audit

Here's what a typical energy audit might look like in your home:

An energy auditor will look at your building from the outside. They'll examine various components, including windows, walls, and eaves, to see if they can spot any significant issues causing leaks into or out of your home.

The auditor will check out the attic (if you have one) to look at a few things. Most importantly, they'll inspect your insulation to ensure it's correctly installed and applied evenly between your walls. They'll also evaluate the holes where electrical lines run to see if they're properly sealed or could be a source of leakage.

The auditor will examine your furnace and water heater. If either is on the older side, it's likely a candidate for an upgrade. They'll also probably look at the filter in the furnace to ensure it doesn't require replacement. They'll check connections in the ducts in your basement to try and locate any possible leaks where you may be losing heat and energy. 

Most professional audits will include a blower door test. This device allows them to locate air leakage and test air quality in your home. During a blower door test, all the windows and doors are closed, and they'll use a blower door machine to depressurize the house. At that point, the auditor often uses an infrared camera to see where cold air may leak into your home and identify opportunities for air sealing.

Finally, audits usually include an inspection of the lighting in your home. 

What you pay for a professional energy audit often depends on the company and size of your property (some companies offer fixed rates, while others will charge more for a larger home). Even as a paid service, the upfront cost for an energy audit and the following energy efficiency updates are usually worth it when you save on your electricity bills down the line. In fact, by making energy efficiency upgrades in your home, you can save between 5 and 30 percent on your energy bills, according to the DOE.

Pairing solar power and energy efficiency

Combining solar power and energy efficiency can maximize your financial benefit in the long run. Your solar panel system produces renewable energy on your property, but as with any technology, it will degrade and produce less energy over time. An energy audit will help you maintain lower electricity bills as your solar panel system ages.

Some solar loan products enable you to bundle financing for your solar panel system and energy efficiency measures in one package. In many cases, these financing options offer lower interest rates, a higher maximum loan amount, or other incentives to make it easier for you to do both.

11. Wash your clothes in cold water when possible

Washing clothes is a necessary chore and part of the weekly routine of most Americans, but it's also energy-intensive. According to Energy Star , heating water uses about 90 percent of the energy to operate a clothes washer. Fortunately, some claim that washing in cold water can increase the lifespan of your clothes!

12. Clean or replace your air filters

Many home systems, like your HVAC, use filters that must be replaced or cleaned regularly. Clean filters are more efficient and put less strain on your system, but this step often gets overlooked. It's best to refer to the manufacturer's recommendations for your specific equipment, but in general, you'll want to clean them every month or two.

13. Use your toaster oven

Along with other household chores, heating food is necessary but energy-taxing. Using a toaster oven instead of a regular oven can be an energy-saver if you have smaller portions. Overall, microwaves are the most energy-efficient ways to reheat food.

14. Use natural light

Using light from the sun is an intuitive way to reduce energy consumption. North and south-facing windows allow for more glancing light that produces heat and limits harsh light in the winter. While east and west-facing windows allow for more direct sunlight, they aren't as effective at letting heat in. Trees and nearby structures can also shade a building's surfaces and block winds from different directions.

15. Dress for the weather

While it may seem obvious to bundle up when going out in the winter, doing so inside can also help save on your heating costs. If you stay warm by wearing more clothes indoors, you can reduce the energy needed to heat your home.

16. Adjust your day to day behaviors

Luckily, you don't always need to purchase new energy-efficient products to reduce energy consumption in your home. Energy conservation can be as simple as turning off lights or appliances when you're not using them! Performing household tasks manually also avoids the use of energy-intensive appliances. For example, hang-drying your clothes conserves the energy your clothes dryer would use otherwise. 

Heating and cooling costs typically impact utility bills the most, so reductions in the intensity and frequency of those activities offer the most significant savings. Energy monitors help you understand where most of your electricity is going in your home and which appliances use the most electricity daily.

Energy efficient products for your home

There are many different products you can purchase to improve your home’s energy efficiency and reduce your overall energy consumption. Below are some examples of ways you can leverage renewable energy sources and reduce your dependence on fossil fuels:

Solar panels

Solar panels can help you use available energy from the sun to power your home, so you can harness that energy to power your home. 

Solar batteries

You can install solar batteries when you install solar panels, allowing you to store the extra solar energy your panels generate when the sun goes down as well as other benefits like increased energy savings.

An alternative to having two different HVAC systems to heat and cool your home, air source heat pumps are a type of heating and cooling system that moves heat inside during the winter and outside during the summer.

Frequently asked questions

What wastes the most electricity in the average household?

An HVAC system uses the most energy of anything in the home. Heating and cooling use about half of your home's energy, according to the U.S. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.

What is the average electric bill for a house and apartment?

The average electric bill is $198 according to data from our nationwide EnergySage marketplace. It varies greatly depending on location and home size. 

Does unplugging things save money?

Unplugging unused devices around your home can be an easy way to save 5-10% on your electricity bill, according the the U.S. Department of Energy.

How can I save energy while at work?

Installing a smart thermometer, insulating your home, and upgrading your HVAC system are all ways to save energy while you’re at work.

Which month has the highest energy consumption?

Electricity usage is typically highest during the summer months when homes and offices use air conditioning to stay cool.

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A wind turbine spins amid flaxen wheat fields in Edgeley, North Dakota. Wind turbines convert kinetic energy from wind into electrical, thermal, or mechanical energy with virtually no harm to the environment.

Powering the Future

Read a National Geographic magazine article about energy freedom and get information, facts, and more about energy conservation.

I stand in a cluttered room surrounded by the debris of electrical enthusiasm: wire peelings, snippets of copper, yellow connectors, insulated pliers. For me these are the tools of freedom. I have just installed a dozen solar panels on my roof, and they work. A meter shows that 1,285 watts of power are blasting straight from the sun into my system, charging my batteries, cooling my refrigerator, humming through my computer, liberating my life.

The euphoria of energy freedom is addictive. Don't get me wrong; I love fossil fuels. I live on an island that happens to have no utilities, but otherwise my wife and I have a normal American life. We don't want propane refrigerators, kerosene lamps, or composting toilets. We want a lot of electrical outlets and a cappuccino maker. But when I turn on those panels, wow!

Maybe that's because for me, as for most Americans, one energy crisis or another has shadowed most of the past three decades. From the OPEC crunch of the 1970s to the skyrocketing cost of oil and gasoline today, the world's concern over energy has haunted presidential speeches, congressional campaigns, disaster books, and my own sense of well-being with the same kind of gnawing unease that characterized the Cold War.

As NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC reported in June 2004, oil, no longer cheap, may soon decline. Instability where most oil is found, from the Persian Gulf to Nigeria to Venezuela, makes this lifeline fragile. Natural gas can be hard to transport and is prone to shortages. We won't run out of coal anytime soon, or the largely untapped deposits of tar sands and oil shale. But it's clear that the carbon dioxide spewed by coal and other fossil fuels is warming the planet, as this magazine reported last September.

Cutting loose from that worry is enticing. With my new panels, nothing stands between me and limitless energy—no foreign nation, no power company, no carbon-emission guilt. I'm free!

Well, almost. Here conies a cloud.

Shade steals across my panels and over my heart. The meter shows only 120 watts. I'm going to have to start the generator and burn some more gasoline. This isn't going to be easy after all.

The trouble with energy freedom is that it's addictive; when you get a little, you want a lot. In microcosm I'm like people in government, industry, and private life all over the world, who have tasted a bit of this curious and compelling kind of liberty and are determined to find more.

Some experts think this pursuit is even more important than the war on terrorism. "Terrorism doesn't threaten the viability of the heart of our high-technology lifestyle," says Martin Hoffert, a professor of physics at New York University. "But energy really does."

Energy conservation can stave off the day of reckoning, but in the end you can't conserve what you don't have. So Hoffert and others have no doubt: It's time to step up the search for the next great fuel for the hungry engine of humankind.

Is there such a fuel? The short answer is no. Experts say it like a mantra: "There is no silver bullet." Though a few true believers claim that only vast conspiracies or lack of funds stand between us and endless energy from the vacuum of space or the core of the Earth, the truth is that there's no single great new fuel waiting in the heart of an equation or at the end of a drill bit.

Enthusiasm about hydrogen-fueled cars may give the wrong impression. Hydrogen is not a source of energy. It's found along with oxygen in plain old water, but it isn't there for the taking. Hydrogen has to be freed before it is useful, and that costs more energy than the hydrogen gives back. These days, this energy comes mostly from fossil fuels. No silver bullet there.

The long answer about our next fuel is not so grim, however. In fact, plenty of contenders for the energy crown now held by fossil fuels are already at hand: wind, solar, even nuclear, to name a few. But the successor will have to be a congress, not a king. Virtually every energy expert I met did something unexpected: He pushed not just his own specialty but everyone else's too.

"We're going to need everything we can get from biomass, everything we can get from solar, everything we can get from wind," says Michael Pacheco, director of the National Bioenergy Center, part of the National Renewable Energy Laboratories (NREL) in Golden, Colorado. "And still the question is, can we get enough?"

The big problem is big numbers. The world uses some 320 billion kilowatt-hours of energy a day. It's equal to about 22 bulbs burning nonstop for every person on the planet. No wonder the sparkle is seen from space. Hoffert's team estimates that within the next century humanity could use three times that much. Fossil fuels have met the growing demand because they pack millions of years of the sun's energy into a compact form, but we will not find their like again.

Fired up by my taste of energy freedom, I went looking for technologies that can address those numbers. "If you have a big problem, you must give a big answer," says a genial energy guru named Hermann Scheer, a member of the German parliament. "Otherwise people don't believe."

The answers are out there. But they all require one more tiling of us humans who huddle around the fossil fuel fire: We're going to have to make a big leap—toward a different kind of world.

Solar; Free Energy, At A Price

On a cloudy day near the city of Leipzig in the former East Germany, I walked across a field of fresh grass, past a pond where wild swans fed. The field was also sown with 33,500 photovoltaic panels, planted in rows like silver flowers all turned sunward, undulating gently across the contours of the land. It's one of the largest solar arrays ever. When the sun emerges, the field produces up to five megawatts of power, and it averages enough for 1,800 homes.

Nearby are gaping pits where coal was mined for generations to feed power plants and factories. The skies used to be brown with smoke and acrid with sulfur. Now the mines are being turned into lakes, and power that once came from coal is made in a furnace 93 million miles (150 million kilometers) away.

Solar electric systems catch energy directly from the sun—no fire, no emissions. Some labs and companies are trying out the grown-up version of a child's magnifying glass: giant mirrored bowls or troughs to concentrate the sun's rays, producing heat that can drive a generator. But for now, sun power mostly means solar cells.

The idea is simple: Sunlight falling on a layer of semiconductor jostles electrons, creating a current. Yet the cost of the cells, once astronomical, is still high. My modest system cost over $15,000, about $ 10 a watt of capacity, including batteries to store power for when the sun doesn't shine.

Like most things electronic, solar power has been getting cheaper. "Thirty years ago it was costeffective on satellites," says Daniel Shugar, president of PowerLight Corporation, a fast-growing California company that has built solar installations for clients including Toyota and Target. "Today it can be cost-effective for powering houses and businesses," at least where utility power is expensive or unavailable. Tomorrow, he says, it will make sense for almost everyone.

Martin Roscheisen, CEO of a company called Nanosolar, sees that future in a set of red-topped vials, filled with tiny particles of semiconductor. "I put some of that on my finger, and it disappeared right into my skin," he says. He won't say exactly what the particles are, but the "nano" in the company name is a hint: They are less than a hundred nanometers across—about the size of a virus, and so small they slip right through skin.

Roscheisen believes those particles promise a low-cost way to create solar cells. Instead of making the cells from slabs of silicon, his company will paint the particles onto a foil-like material, where they will self-assemble to create a semiconductor surface. The result: a flexible solar-cell material 50 times thinner than today's solar panels. Roscheisen hopes to sell it in sheets, for about 50 cents a watt.

"Fifty cents a watt is kind of the holy grail," says David Pearce, president and CEO of Miasolé, one of many other companies working on "thin-film" solar cells. At that price solar could compete with utilities and might take off. If prices continued to drop, solar cells might change the whole idea of energy by making it cheap and easy for individuals to gather for themselves. That's what techies call a "disruptive technology."

"Automobiles were disruptive to the horse and buggy business," Dan Shugar says. "PCs were disruptive to the typewriter industry. We believe solar electric systems will be disruptive to the energy industry."

Yet price isn't the only hurdle solar faces. There are the small matters of clouds and darkness, which call for better ways of storing energy than the bulky lead-acid batteries in my system. But even if those hurdles are overcome, can solar really make the big energy we need?

With solar now providing less than one percent of the world's energy, that would take "a massive (but not insurmountable) scale-up," NYU's Hoffert and his colleagues said in an article in Science . At present levels of efficiency, it would take about 10,000 square miles (25,900 square kilometers) of solar panels—an area bigger than Vermont to satisfy all of the United States' electricity needs. But the land requirement sounds more daunting than it is: Open country wouldn't have to be covered. All those panels could fit on less than a quarter of the roof and pavement space in cities and suburbs.

Wind: Feast or Famine

Wind, ultimately driven by sun-warmed air, is just another way of collecting solar energy, but it works on cloudy days. One afternoon I stood in a field near Denmark's west coast under a sky so dark and heavy it would have put my own solar panels into a coma. But right above me clean power was being cranked out by the megawatt. A blade longer than an airplane wing turned slowly in a strong south breeze. It was a wind turbine.

The turbine's lazy sweep was misleading. Each time one of the three 130-foot (39.6-meter) blades swung past, it hissed as it sliced the air. Tip speed can be well over 100 miles an hour (160 kilometers an hour). This single tower was capable of producing two megawatts, almost half the entire output of the Leipzig solar farm.

In Denmark, turning blades are always on the horizon, in small or large groups, like spokes of wheels rolling toward a strange new world. Denmark's total installed wind power is now more than 3,000 megawatts—about 20 percent of the nation's electrical needs. All over Europe generous incentives designed to reduce carbon emissions and wean economies from oil and coal have led to a wind boom. The continent leads the world in wind power, with almost 35,000 megawatts, equivalent to 35 large coal-fired power plants. North America, even though it has huge potential for wind energy, remains a distant second, with just over 7,000 megawatts. With the exception of hydroelectric power—which has been driving machines for centuries but has little room to grow in developed countries—wind is currently the biggest success story in renewable energy.

"When I started in 1987,1 spent a lot of time sitting in farmers' houses until midnight talking to the neighbors, just selling one turbine," says Hans Buus. He's director of project development for a Danish energy company called Elsam. "I would not have been able to imagine the level it is today."

He means not only the number of turbines but also their sheer size. In Germany I saw a fiberglass-and-steel prototype that stands 600 feet (182.8 meters) tall, has blades 200 feet (61 meters) long, and can generate five megawatts. It's not just a monument to engineering but also an effort to overcome some new obstacles to wind power development.

One is aesthetic. England's Lake District is a spectacular landscape of bracken-clad hills and secluded valleys, mostly protected as a national park. But on a ridge just outside the park, though not outside the magnificence, 27 towers are planned, each as big as the two-megawatt machine in Denmark. Many locals are protesting. "This is a high-quality landscape," says one. "They shouldn't be putting those things in here."

Danes seem to like turbines more than the British, perhaps because many Danish turbines belong to cooperatives of local residents. It's harder to say "not in my backyard" if the thing in your backyard helps pay for your house. But environmental opposition is not the only trouble facing wind development. Across Europe many of the windiest sites are already occupied. So the five-megawatt German machine is designed to help take wind power away from the scenery and out to abundant new sites at sea.

Many coastlines have broad areas of shallow continental shelf where the wind blows more steadily than on land and where, as one wind expert puts it, "the seagulls don't vote." (Real voters, however, sometimes still object to the sight of towers on the horizon.) It costs more to build and maintain turbines offshore than on land, but an underwater foundation for a five megawatt tower is cheaper per megawatt than a smaller foundation. Hence the German giant.

There are other challenges. Like sailboats, wind turbines can be becalmed for days. To keep the grid humming, other sources, such as coal fired power plants, have to stand ready to take up the slack. But when a strong wind dumps power into the grid, the other generators have to be turned down, and plants that burn fuel are not quickly adjustable. A wind-power bonanza can become a glut. Denmark, for example, is sometimes forced to unload power at uneconomic rates to neighbors like Norway and Germany.

What's needed for wind as well as solar is a way to store a large energy surplus. Technology already exists to turn it into fuels such as hydrogen or ethanol or harness it to compress air or spin flywheels, banking energy that can later churn out electricity. But most systems are still decades from becoming economically feasible.

On the plus side, both wind and solar can provide what's called distributed energy: They can make power on a small scale near the user. You can't have a private coal plant, but you can have your own windmill, with batteries for calm days. The more houses or communities make their own wind power, the smaller and cheaper central power plants and transmission lines can be.

In Europe's big push toward wind power, the turbines keep growing. But in Flagstaff, Arizona, Southwest Windpower makes turbines with blades you can pick up in one hand. The company has sold about 60,000 of the little turbines, most of them for off-grid homes, sailboats, and remote sites like lighthouses and weather stations. At 400 watts apiece they can't power more than a few lights.

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But David Galley, Southwest's president, whose father built his first wind turbine out of washing machine parts, is testing a new product he calls an energy appliance. It will stand on a tower as tall as a telephone pole, produce up to two kilowatts in a moderate wind, and come with all the electronics needed to plug it into the house.

Many U.S. utilities are required to pay for power that individuals put back into the grid, so anyone in a relatively breezy place could pop up the energy appliance in the yard, use the power when it's needed, and feed it back into the grid when it's not. Except for the heavy loads of heating and air-conditioning, this setup could reduce a home's annual power bill to near zero. If, as Galley hopes, he can ultimately sell the energy appliance for under $3,000, it would pay for itself with energy savings within a few years.

Somewhere in this mix of the grand and the personal, there may be big numbers in wind too.

Biomass: Farming Your Fuel

In Germany, driving from the giant wind turbine near Hamburg to Berlin, I regularly got an odd whiff: the sort-of-appetizing scent of fast food. It was a puzzle until a tanker truck passed, emblazoned with the word "biodiesel." The scent was of burning vegetable oil. Germany uses about 450 million gallons (1.7 billion liters) of biodiesel a year, about 3 percent of its total diesel consumption.

Biomass energy has ancient roots. The logs in your fire are biomass. But today biomass means ethanol, biogas, and biodiesel—fuels as easy to burn as oil or gas, but made from plants. These technologies are proven. Ethanol produced from corn goes into gasoline blends in the U.S.; ethanol from sugarcane provides 50 percent of automobile fuel in Brazil. In the U.S. and other nations, biodiesel from vegetable oil is burned, pure or mixed with regular diesel, in unmodified engines. "Biofuels are the easiest fuels to slot into the existing fuel system," says Michael Pacheco, the National Bioenergy Center director.

What limits biomass is land. Photosynthesis, the process that captures the sun's energy in plants, is far less efficient per square foot than solar panels, so catching energy in plants gobbles up even more land. Estimates suggest that powering all the world's vehicles with biofuels would mean doubling the amount of land devoted to farming.

At the National Bioenergy Center, scientists are trying to make fuel-farming more efficient. Today's biomass fuels are based on plant starches, oils, and sugars, but the center is testing organisms that can digest woody cellulose, abundant in plants, so that it too could yield liquid fuel. More productive fuel crops could help as well.

One is switchgrass, a plant native to North America's prairies that grows faster and needs less fertilizer than corn, the source of most ethanol fuel made in the U.S. It also thrives on land unfit for other crops and does double duty as a source of animal food, further reducing the pressure on farmland.

"Preliminary results look promising," says Thomas Foust, the center's technology manager. "If you increase automobile efficiency to the level of a hybrid and go with the switchgrass crop mix, you could meet two-thirds of the U.S. transportation fuel demand with no additional land."

But technically possible doesn't mean politically feasible. From corn to sugarcane, all crops have their own lobbyists. "We're looking down a lot of alleys," says Pacheco. "And every alley has its own vested interest group. Frankly, one of the biggest challenges with biomass is that there are so many options."

Nuclear: Still a Contender

Nuclear fission appeared to lead the race as an energy alternative decades ago, as countries began building reactors. Worldwide, about 440 plants now generate 16 percent of the planet's electric power, and some countries have gone heavily nuclear. France, for instance, gets 78 percent of its electricity from fission.

The allure is clear: abundant power, no carbon dioxide emissions, no blots on the landscape except an occasional containment dome and cooling tower. But along with its familiar woes—the accidents at Three Mile Island and Chornobyl, poor economics compared with fossil fuel plants, and the challenge of radioactive waste disposal—nuclear power is far from renewable. The readily available uranium fuel won't last much more than 50 years.

Yet enthusiasm is reviving. China, facing a shortage of electric power, has started to build new reactors at a brisk pace—one or two a year. In the U.S., where some hydrogen-car boosters see nuclear plants as a good source of energy for making hydrogen from water, Vice President Dick Cheney has called for "a fresh look" at nuclear. And Japan, which lacks its own oil, gas, and coal, continues to encourage a fission program. Yumi Akimoto, a Japanese elder statesman of nuclear chemistry, saw the flash of the bomb at Hiroshima as a boy yet describes nuclear fission as "the pillar of the next century."

In the town of Rokkasho at the northernmost tip of Honshu Island, Japan is working to get around the limits of the uranium supply. Inside a new 20-billion-dollar complex, workers wear pale blue work suits and an air of patient haste. I looked in on cylindrical centrifuges for enriching uranium and a pool partly filled with rods of spent nuclear fuel, cooling. Spent fuel is rich in plutonium and leftover uranium—valuable nuclear material that the plant is designed to salvage. It will "reprocess" the spent fuel into a mixture of enriched uranium and plutonium called MOX, for mixed oxide fuel. MOX can be burned in some modern reactors and could stretch the fuel supply for decades or more.

Reprocessing plants in other countries also turn spent fuel into MOX. But those plants originally made plutonium for nuclear weapons, so the Japanese like to say that theirs, due to start up in 2007, is the first such plant built entirely for peaceful use. To assure the world that it will stay that way, the Rokkasho complex includes a building for inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency, the United Nations' nuclear watchdog, who will make certain that none of the plutonium is diverted for weapons.

That doesn't satisfy nuclear energy opponents. Opposition has mounted in Japan after fatal accidents at the country's nuclear plants, including one that killed two workers and exposed others to radiation. Shortly after my visit to Rokkasho, about a hundred protesters marched outside the plant in a blizzard.

A bigger controversy would greet what some nuclear proponents think is a crucial next step: a move to breeder reactors. Breeders can make more fuel than they consume, in the form of plutonium that can be extracted by reprocessing the spent fuel. But experimental breeder reactors have proved to be temperamental, and a full-scale breeder program could be an arms-control nightmare because of all the plutonium it would put in circulation.

Akimoto, for one, believes that society has to get comfortable with fuel reprocessing if it wants to count on nuclear energy. He spoke to me through an interpreter, but to emphasize this point he jumped into English: "If we are going to accept nuclear power, we have to accept the total system. Sometimes we want to get the first crop of fruit but forget how to grow the trees."

Fusion: The Fire Some Time

Fusion is the gaudiest of hopes, the fire of the stars in the human hearth. Produced when two atoms fuse into one, fusion energy could satisfy huge chunks of future demand. The fuel would last millennia. Fusion would produce no long-lived radioactive waste and nothing for terrorists or governments to turn into weapons. It also requires some of the most complex machinery on Earth.

A few scientists have claimed that cold fusion, which promises energy from a simple jar instead of a high-tech crucible, might work. The verdict so far: No such luck. hot fusion is more likely to succeed, but it will be a decades-long quest costing billions of dollars.

Hot fusion is tough because the fuel—a kind of hydrogen—has to be heated to a hundred million degrees Celsius or so before the atoms start fusing. At those temperatures the hydrogen forms a roiling, unruly vapor of electrically charged particles, called plasma. "Plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe," says one physicist, "but it's also the most chaotic and the least easily controlled." Creating and containing plasma is so challenging that no fusion experiment has yet returned more than 65 percent of the energy it took to start the reaction.

Now scientists in Europe, Japan, and the U.S. are refining the process, learning better ways to control plasma and trying to push up the energy output. They hope that a six-billion-dollar test reactor called ITER will get the fusion bonfire blazing—what physicists call "igniting the plasma." The next step would be a demonstration plant to actually generate power, followed by commercial plants in 50 years or so.

"I am 100 percent sure we can ignite the plasma," says Jerome Pamela, the project manager of a fusion machine called the Joint European Torus, or JET, at Britain's Culham Science Center. "The biggest challenge is the transition between the plasma and the outside world." He means finding the right materials for the lining of the ITER plasma chamber, where they will have to withstand a bombardment of neutrons and transfer heat to electric generators.

At Culham I saw an experiment in a tokamak, a device that cages plasma in a magnetic field shaped like a doughnut—the standard design for most fusion efforts, including ITER. The physicists sent a huge electrical charge into the gas-filled container, a scaled-down version of JET. It raised the temperature to about ten million degrees Celsius, not enough to start fusion but enough to create plasma.

The experiment lasted a quarter of a second. A video camera shooting 2,250 frames a second captured it. As it played back, a faint glow blossomed in the chamber, wavered, grew into a haze visible only on its cooling edges, and vanished.

It was—well, disappointing. I had expected the plasma to look like a movie shot of an exploding automobile. This was more like a ghost in an English paneled library.

But this phantom was energy incarnate: the universal but elusive magic that all our varied technologies—solar, wind, biomass, fission, fusion, and many others large or small, mainstream or crazy—seek to wrestle into our service.

Taming that ghost is not just a scientific challenge. The ITER project has been held up by a seemingly simple problem. Since 2003 the participating countries—including much of the developed world—have been deadlocked over where to build the machine. The choice has come down to two sites, one in France and one in Japan.

As all energy experts will tell you, this proves a well-established theory. There's only one force tougher to manage than plasma: politics.

Although some politicians believe the task of developing the new energy technologies should be left to market forces, many experts disagree. That's not just because it's expensive to get new technology started, but also because government can often take risks that private enterprise won't.

"Most of the modern technology that has been driving the U.S. economy did not come spontaneously from market forces," NYU's Martin Hoffert says, ticking off jet planes, satellite communications, integrated circuits, computers. "The Internet was supported for 20 years by the military and for 10 more years by the National Science Foundation before Wall Street found it."

Without a big push from government, he says, we may be condemned to rely on increasingly dirty fossil fuels as cleaner ones like oil and gas run out, with dire consequences for the climate. "If we don't have a proactive energy policy," he says, "we'll just wind up using coal, then shale, then tar sands, and it will be a continually diminishing return, and eventually our civilization will collapse. But it doesn't have to end that way. We have a choice."

It's a matter of self-interest, says Hermann Scheer, the German member of parliament. "I don't appeal to the people to change their conscience," he said in his Berlin office, where a small model of a wind turbine turned lazily in a window. "You can't go around like a priest." Instead, his message is that nurturing new forms of energy is necessary for an environmentally and economically sound future. "There is no alternative."

Already, change is rising from the grass roots. In the U.S., state and local governments are pushing alternative energies by offering subsidies and requiring that utility companies include renewable sources in their plans. And in Europe financial incentives for both wind and solar energy have broad support even though they raise electric bills.

Alternative energy is also catching on in parts of the developing world where it's a necessity, not a choice. Solar power, for example, is making inroads in African communities lacking power lines and generators. "If you want to overcome poverty, what do people need to focus on?" asks Germany's environment minister, Jürgen Trittin. "They need fresh water and they need energy. For filling the needs of remote villages, renewable energy is highly competitive."

In developed countries there's a sense that alternative energy—once seen as a quaint hippie enthusiasm—is no longer alternative culture. It's edging into the mainstream. The excitement of energy freedom seems contagious.

One afternoon last year, near a village north of Munich, a small group of townspeople and workers inaugurated a solar facility. It would soon surpass the Leipzig field as the largest in the world, with six megawatts of power.

About 15 people gathered on a little manmade hill beside the solar farm and planted four cherry trees on the summit. The mayor of the tidy nearby town brought out souvenir bottles of schnapps. Almost everyone had a swig, including the mayor.

Then he said he would sing to the project's construction supervisor and a landscape artist, both American women. The two women stood together, grinning, with the field of solar panels soaking up energy behind them. The German mayor straightened his dark suit, and the other men leaned on their shovels.

Fifty years ago, I thought, there were still bombed-out ruins in the cities of Europe. The Soviet Union was planning Sputnik. Texas oil was $2.82 a barrel. At the most, we have 50 years to make the world over again. But people change, adapt, and make crazy new stuff work. I thought about Dan Shugar talking about disruptive technologies. "There's a sense of excitement," he had said. "There's a sense of urgency. There's a sense that we cannot fail."

On the hilltop, the mayor took a deep breath. He sang, in a booming tenor, without missing a note or a word, the entire song "O Sole Mio." Everyone cheered.

Extras: See photos, field notes, and more from this National Geographic article.

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Conserving Earth

Earth’s natural resources include air, water, soil, minerals, plants, and animals. Conservation is the practice of caring for these resources so all living things can benefit from them now and in the future.

Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geography, Geology, Conservation

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Earth ’s natural resources include air , water , soil , minerals , fuels , plants, and animals. Conservation is the practice of caring for these resources so all living things can benefit from them now and in the future. All the things we need to survive , such as food , water, air, and shelter , come from natural resources. Some of these resources, like small plants, can be replaced quickly after they are used. Others, like large trees, take a long time to replace. These are renewable resources . Other resources, such as fossil fuels , cannot be replaced at all. Once they are used up, they are gone f orever . These are nonrenewable resources . People often waste natural resources. Animals are overhunted . Forests are cleared, exposing land to wind and water damage. Fertile soil is exhausted and lost to erosion because of poor farming practices. Fuel supplies are depleted . Water and air are polluted . If resources are carelessly managed, many will be used up. If used wisely and efficiently , however, renewable resources will last much longer. Through conservation, people can reduce waste and manage natural resources wisely. The population of human beings has grown enormously in the past two centuries. Billions of people use up resources quickly as they eat food, build houses, produce goods, and burn fuel for transportation and electricity . The continuation of life as we know it depends on the careful use of natural resources. The need to conserve resources often conflicts with other needs. For some people, a wooded area may be a good place to put a farm. A timber company may want to harvest the area’s trees for construction materials. A business may want to build a factory or shopping mall on the land. All these needs are valid, but sometimes the plants and animals that live in the area are forgotten. The benefits of development need to be weighed against the harm to animals that may be forced to find new habitats , the depletion of resources we may want in the future (such as water or timber), or damage to resources we use today. Development and conservation can coexist in harmony. When we use the environment in ways that ensure we have resources for the future, it is called sustainable development . There are many different resources we need to conserve in order to live sustainably. Forests A forest is a large area covered with trees grouped so their foliage shades the ground. Every continent except Antarctica has forests, from the evergreen -filled boreal forests of the north to mangrove forests in tropical wetlands . Forests are home to more than two-thirds of all known land species . Tropical rainforests are especially rich in biodiversity . Forests provide habitats for animals and plants. They store carbon , helping reduce global warming . They protect soil by reducing runoff . They add nutrients to the soil through leaf litter . They provide people with lumber and firewood. Deforestation is the process of clearing away forests by cutting them down or burning them. People clear forests to use the wood, or to make way for farming or development. Each year, Earth loses about 14.6 million hectares (36 million acres) of forest to deforestation—an area about the size of the U.S. state of New York. Deforestation destroys wildlife habitats and increases soil erosion. It also releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere , contributing to global warming. Deforestation accounts for 15 percent of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. Deforestation also harms the people who rely on forests for their survival, hunting and gathering, harvesting forest products, or using the timber for firewood. About half of all the forests on Earth are in the tropics —an area that circles the globe near the Equator . Although tropical forests cover fewer than 6 percent of the world’s land area, they are home to about 80 percent of the world’s documented species. For example, more than 500 different species of trees live in the forests on the small U.S. island of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea. Tropical forests give us many valuable products, including woods like mahogany and teak , rubber , fruits, nuts, and flowers. Many of the medicines we use today come from plants found only in tropical rainforests. These include quinine , a malaria drug; curare , an anesthetic used in surgery; and rosy periwinkle , which is used to treat certain types of cancer . Sustainable forestry practices are critical for ensuring we have these resources well into the future. One of these practices is leaving some trees to die and decay naturally in the forest. This “ deadwood ” builds up soil. Other sustainable forestry methods include using low-impact logging practices, harvesting with natural regeneration in mind, and avoiding certain logging techniques , such as removing all the high-value trees or all the largest trees from a forest. Trees can also be conserved if consumers recycle . People in China and Mexico, for example, reuse much of their wastepaper, including writing paper, wrapping paper, and cardboard. If half the world’s paper were recycled, much of the worldwide demand for new paper would be fulfilled, saving many of Earth’s trees. We can also replace some wood products with alternatives like bamboo , which is actually a type of grass. Soil Soil is vital to food production. We need high-quality soil to grow the crops that we eat and feed to livestock . Soil is also important to plants that grow in the wild. Many other types of conservation efforts, such as plant conservation and animal conservation, depend on soil conservation. Poor farming methods, such as repeatedly planting the same crop in the same place, called monoculture , deplete nutrients in the soil. Soil erosion by water and wind increases when farmers plow up and down hills. One soil conservation method is called contour strip cropping . Several crops, such as corn, wheat, and clover , are planted in alternating strips across a slope or across the path of the prevailing wind . Different crops, with different root systems and leaves, help slow erosion.

Harvesting all the trees from a large area, a practice called clearcutting , increases the chances of losing productive topsoil to wind and water erosion. Selective harvesting —the practice of removing individual trees or small groups of trees—leaves other trees standing to anchor the soil. Biodiversity Biodiversity is the variety of living things that populate Earth. The products and benefits we get from nature rely on biodiversity. We need a rich mixture of living things to provide foods, building materials, and medicines, as well as to maintain a clean and healthy landscape . When a species becomes extinct , it is lost to the world forever. Scientists estimate that the current rate of extinction is 1,000 times the natural rate. Through hunting, pollution , habitat destruction, and contribution to global warming, people are speeding up the loss of biodiversity at an alarming rate. It’s hard to know how many species are going extinct because the total number of species is unknown. Scientists discover thousands of new species every year. For example, after looking at just 19 trees in Panama, scientists found 1,200 different species of beetles—80 percent of them unknown to science at the time. Based on various estimates of the number of species on Earth, we could be losing anywhere from 200 to 100,000 species each year. We need to protect biodiversity to ensure we have plentiful and varied food sources. This is true even if we don’t eat a species threatened with extinction because something we do eat may depend on that species for survival. Some predators are useful for keeping the populations of other animals at manageable levels. The extinction of a major predator might mean there are more herbivores looking for food in people’s gardens and farms. Biodiversity is important for more than just food. For instance, we use between 50,000 to 70,000 plant species for medicines worldwide. The Great Barrier Reef , a coral reef off the coast of northeastern Australia, contributes about $6 billion to the nation’s economy through commercial fishing , tourism , and other recreational activities. If the coral reef dies, many of the fish, shellfish , marine mammals , and plants will die, too. Some governments have established parks and preserves to protect wildlife and their habitats. They are also working to abolish hunting and fishing practices that may cause the extinction of some species. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels are fuels produced from the remains of ancient plants and animals. They include coal , petroleum (oil), and natural gas . People rely on fossil fuels to power vehicles like cars and airplanes, to produce electricity, and to cook and provide heat. In addition, many of the products we use today are made from petroleum. These include plastics , synthetic rubber, fabrics like nylon , medicines, cosmetics , waxes, cleaning products, medical devices, and even bubblegum.

Fossil fuels formed over millions of years. Once we use them up, we cannot replace them. Fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource. We need to conserve fossil fuels so we don’t run out. However, there are other good reasons to limit our fossil fuel use. These fuels pollute the air when they are burned. Burning fossil fuels also releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. Global warming is changing ecosystems . The oceans are becoming warmer and more acidic , which threatens sea life. Sea levels are rising, posing risks to coastal communities. Many areas are experiencing more droughts , while others suffer from flooding . Scientists are exploring alternatives to fossil fuels. They are trying to produce renewable biofuels to power cars and trucks. They are looking to produce electricity using the sun, wind, water, and geothermal energy — Earth’s natural heat. Everyone can help conserve fossil fuels by using them carefully. Turn off lights and other electronics when you are not using them. Purchase energy-efficient appliances and weatherproof your home. Walk, ride a bike, carpool , and use public transportation whenever possible. Minerals Earth’s supply of raw mineral resources is in danger. Many mineral deposits that have been located and mapped have been depleted. As the ores for minerals like aluminum and iron become harder to find and extract , their prices skyrocket . This makes tools and machinery more expensive to purchase and operate. Many mining methods, such as mountaintop removal mining (MTR) , devastate the environment. They destroy soil, plants, and animal habitats. Many mining methods also pollute water and air, as toxic chemicals leak into the surrounding ecosystem. Conservation efforts in areas like Chile and the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States often promote more sustainable mining methods. Less wasteful mining methods and the recycling of materials will help conserve mineral resources. In Japan, for example, car manufacturers recycle many raw materials used in making automobiles. In the United States, nearly one-third of the iron produced comes from recycled automobiles. Electronic devices present a big problem for conservation because technology changes so quickly. For example, consumers typically replace their cell phones every 18 months. Computers, televisions, and mp3 players are other products contributing to “ e-waste .” The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that Americans generated more than three million tons of e-waste in 2007. Electronic products contain minerals as well as petroleum-based plastics. Many of them also contain hazardous materials that can leach out of landfills into the soil and water supply. Many governments are passing laws requiring manufacturers to recycle used electronics. Recycling not only keeps materials out of landfills, but it also reduces the energy used to produce new products. For instance, recycling aluminum saves 90 percent of the energy that would be required to mine new aluminum.

Water Water is a renewable resource. We will not run out of water the way we might run out of fossil fuels. The amount of water on Earth always remains the same. However, most of the planet’s water is unavailable for human use. While more than 70 percent of Earth’s surface is covered by water, only 2.5 percent of it is freshwater . Out of that freshwater, almost 70 percent is permanently frozen in the ice caps covering Antarctica and Greenland. Only about 1 percent of the freshwater on Earth is available for people to use for drinking, bathing, and irrigating crops. People in many regions of the world suffer water shortages . These are caused by depletion of underground water sources known as aquifers , a lack of rainfall due to drought, or pollution of water supplies. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2.6 billion people lack adequate water sanitation . More than five million people die each year from diseases caused by using polluted water for drinking, cooking, or washing. About one-third of Earth’s population lives in areas that are experiencing water stress . Most of these areas are in developing countries. Polluted water hurts the environment as well as people. For instance, agricultural runoff—the water that runs off of farmland—can contain fertilizers and pesticides . When this water gets into streams , rivers , and oceans, it can harm the organisms that live in or drink from those water sources. People can conserve and protect water supplies in many ways. Individuals can limit water use by fixing leaky faucets, taking shorter showers, planting drought-resistant plants, and buying low-water-use appliances. Governments, businesses, and nonprofit organizations can help developing countries build sanitation facilities. Farmers can change some of their practices to reduce polluted runoff. This includes limiting overgrazing , avoiding over-irrigation, and using alternatives to chemical pesticides whenever possible. Conservation Groups Businesses, international organizations , and some governments are involved in conservation efforts. The United Nations (UN) encourages the creation of national parks around the world. The UN also established World Water Day, an event to raise awareness and promote water conservation. Governments enact laws defining how land should be used and which areas should be set aside as parks and wildlife preserves. Governments also enforce laws designed to protect the environment from pollution, such as requiring factories to install pollution-control devices. Finally, governments often provide incentives for conserving resources, using clean technologies, and recycling used goods. Many international organizations are dedicated to conservation. Members support causes such as saving rain forests, protecting threatened animals, and cleaning up the air. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an alliance of governments and private groups founded in 1948. The IUCN works to protect wildlife and habitats. In 1980, the group proposed a world conservation strategy . Many governments have used the IUCN model to develop their own conservation plans. In addition, the IUCN monitors the status of endangered wildlife, threatened national parks and preserves, and other environments around the world. Zoos and botanical gardens also work to protect wildlife. Many zoos raise and breed endangered animals to increase their populations. They conduct research and help educate the public about endangered species . For instance, the San Diego Zoo in the U.S. state of California runs a variety of research programs on topics ranging from disease control in amphibians to heart-healthy diets for gorillas. Scientists at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in London, England, work to protect plant life around the world. Kew’s Millennium Seed Bank , for example, works with partners in 54 countries to protect biodiversity through seed collection. Kew researchers are also exploring how DNA technology can help restore damaged habitats. Individuals can do many things to help conserve resources. Turning off lights, repairing leaky faucets, and recycling paper, aluminum cans, glass, and plastic are just a few examples. Riding bikes, walking, carpooling, and using public transportation all help conserve fuel and reduce the amount of pollutants released into the environment. Individuals can plant trees to create homes for birds and squirrels. At grocery stores, people can bring their own reusable bags. And people can carry reusable water bottles and coffee mugs rather than using disposable containers. If each of us would conserve in small ways, the result would be a major conservation effort.

Tree Huggers The Chipko Movement, which is dedicated to saving trees, was started by villagers in Uttar Pradesh, India. Chipko means hold fast or embrace. The villagers flung their arms around trees to keep loggers from cutting them down. The villagers won, and Uttar Pradesh banned the felling of trees in the Himalayan foothills. The movement has since expanded to other parts of India.

Thirsty Food People require about 2 to 4 liters of drinking water each day. However, a day's worth of food requires 2,000 to 5,000 liters of water to produce. It takes more water to produce meat than to produce plant-based foods.

Tiger, Tiger Tigers are dangerous animals, but they have more to fear from us than we have to fear from them. Today there are only about 3,200 tigers living in the wild. Three tiger subspecies the Bali, Caspian, and Javan tigers have gone extinct in the past century. Many organizations are working hard to protect the remaining tigers from illegal hunting and habitat loss.

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October 19, 2023

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