Show that you understand the current state of research on your topic.
The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.
One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.
Download our research proposal template
Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.
Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:
The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.
Your introduction should:
To guide your introduction , include information about:
Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on:
See an example
As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.
In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:
Following the literature review, restate your main objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.
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To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.
For example, your results might have implications for:
Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .
Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.
Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.
Download our research schedule template
Research phase | Objectives | Deadline |
---|---|---|
1. Background research and literature review | 20th January | |
2. Research design planning | and data analysis methods | 13th February |
3. Data collection and preparation | with selected participants and code interviews | 24th March |
4. Data analysis | of interview transcripts | 22nd April |
5. Writing | 17th June | |
6. Revision | final work | 28th July |
If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.
Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:
To determine your budget, think about:
If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.
Methodology
Statistics
Research bias
Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .
Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.
I will compare …
A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.
Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.
A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.
A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.
A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.
All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.
Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.
Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.
The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.
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McCombes, S. & George, T. (2023, November 21). How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved August 19, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/research-process/research-proposal/
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This template’s structure is based on the tried and trusted best-practice format for academic research papers. Its structure reflects the overall research process, ensuring your paper has a smooth, logical flow from chapter to chapter. Here’s what’s included:
Each section is explained in plain, straightforward language , followed by an overview of the key elements that you need to cover within each section.
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What format is the template (doc, pdf, ppt, etc.).
The research paper template is provided as a Google Doc. You can download it in MS Word format or make a copy to your Google Drive. You’re also welcome to convert it to whatever format works best for you, such as LaTeX or PDF.
The template follows the standard best-practice structure for formal academic research papers, so it is suitable for the vast majority of degrees, particularly those within the sciences.
Some universities may have some additional requirements, but these are typically minor, with the core structure remaining the same. Therefore, it’s always a good idea to double-check your university’s requirements before you finalise your structure.
This template can be used for a research paper at any level of study. It may be slight overkill for an undergraduate-level study, but it certainly won’t be missing anything.
This depends entirely on your university’s specific requirements, so it’s best to check with them. We include generic word count ranges for each section within the template, but these are purely indicative.
If you’re still working on your research proposal, we’ve got a template for that here .
We’ve also got loads of proposal-related guides and videos over on the Grad Coach blog .
We have a wealth of free resources on the Grad Coach Blog that unpack how to write a literature review from scratch. You can check out the literature review section of the blog here.
We have a wealth of free resources on the Grad Coach Blog that unpack research methodology, both qualitative and quantitative. You can check out the methodology section of the blog here.
Yes, you’re welcome to share this template. If you want to post about it on your blog or social media, all we ask is that you reference this page as your source.
Within the template, you’ll find plain-language explanations of each section, which should give you a fair amount of guidance. However, you’re also welcome to consider our private coaching services .
If you’re working on a research paper or report, be sure to also check these resources out…
1-On-1 Private Coaching
The Grad Coach Resource Center
The Grad Coach YouTube Channel
The Grad Coach Podcast
Table of Contents
Before conducting a study, a research proposal should be created that outlines researchers’ plans and methodology and is submitted to the concerned evaluating organization or person. Creating a research proposal is an important step to ensure that researchers are on track and are moving forward as intended. A research proposal can be defined as a detailed plan or blueprint for the proposed research that you intend to undertake. It provides readers with a snapshot of your project by describing what you will investigate, why it is needed, and how you will conduct the research.
Your research proposal should aim to explain to the readers why your research is relevant and original, that you understand the context and current scenario in the field, have the appropriate resources to conduct the research, and that the research is feasible given the usual constraints.
This article will describe in detail the purpose and typical structure of a research proposal , along with examples and templates to help you ace this step in your research journey.
A research proposal¹ ,² can be defined as a formal report that describes your proposed research, its objectives, methodology, implications, and other important details. Research proposals are the framework of your research and are used to obtain approvals or grants to conduct the study from various committees or organizations. Consequently, research proposals should convince readers of your study’s credibility, accuracy, achievability, practicality, and reproducibility.
With research proposals , researchers usually aim to persuade the readers, funding agencies, educational institutions, and supervisors to approve the proposal. To achieve this, the report should be well structured with the objectives written in clear, understandable language devoid of jargon. A well-organized research proposal conveys to the readers or evaluators that the writer has thought out the research plan meticulously and has the resources to ensure timely completion.
A research proposal is a sales pitch and therefore should be detailed enough to convince your readers, who could be supervisors, ethics committees, universities, etc., that what you’re proposing has merit and is feasible . Research proposals can help students discuss their dissertation with their faculty or fulfill course requirements and also help researchers obtain funding. A well-structured proposal instills confidence among readers about your ability to conduct and complete the study as proposed.
Research proposals can be written for several reasons:³
Research proposals should aim to answer the three basic questions—what, why, and how.
The What question should be answered by describing the specific subject being researched. It should typically include the objectives, the cohort details, and the location or setting.
The Why question should be answered by describing the existing scenario of the subject, listing unanswered questions, identifying gaps in the existing research, and describing how your study can address these gaps, along with the implications and significance.
The How question should be answered by describing the proposed research methodology, data analysis tools expected to be used, and other details to describe your proposed methodology.
Here is a research proposal sample template (with examples) from the University of Rochester Medical Center. 4 The sections in all research proposals are essentially the same although different terminology and other specific sections may be used depending on the subject.
If you want to know how to make a research proposal impactful, include the following components:¹
1. Introduction
This section provides a background of the study, including the research topic, what is already known about it and the gaps, and the significance of the proposed research.
2. Literature review
This section contains descriptions of all the previous relevant studies pertaining to the research topic. Every study cited should be described in a few sentences, starting with the general studies to the more specific ones. This section builds on the understanding gained by readers in the Introduction section and supports it by citing relevant prior literature, indicating to readers that you have thoroughly researched your subject.
3. Objectives
Once the background and gaps in the research topic have been established, authors must now state the aims of the research clearly. Hypotheses should be mentioned here. This section further helps readers understand what your study’s specific goals are.
4. Research design and methodology
Here, authors should clearly describe the methods they intend to use to achieve their proposed objectives. Important components of this section include the population and sample size, data collection and analysis methods and duration, statistical analysis software, measures to avoid bias (randomization, blinding), etc.
5. Ethical considerations
This refers to the protection of participants’ rights, such as the right to privacy, right to confidentiality, etc. Researchers need to obtain informed consent and institutional review approval by the required authorities and mention this clearly for transparency.
6. Budget/funding
Researchers should prepare their budget and include all expected expenditures. An additional allowance for contingencies such as delays should also be factored in.
7. Appendices
This section typically includes information that supports the research proposal and may include informed consent forms, questionnaires, participant information, measurement tools, etc.
8. Citations
Writing a research proposal begins much before the actual task of writing. Planning the research proposal structure and content is an important stage, which if done efficiently, can help you seamlessly transition into the writing stage. 3,5
Key Takeaways
Here’s a summary of the main points about research proposals discussed in the previous sections:
Q1. How is a research proposal evaluated?
A1. In general, most evaluators, including universities, broadly use the following criteria to evaluate research proposals . 6
Q2. What is the difference between the Introduction and Literature Review sections in a research proposal ?
A2. The Introduction or Background section in a research proposal sets the context of the study by describing the current scenario of the subject and identifying the gaps and need for the research. A Literature Review, on the other hand, provides references to all prior relevant literature to help corroborate the gaps identified and the research need.
Q3. How long should a research proposal be?
A3. Research proposal lengths vary with the evaluating authority like universities or committees and also the subject. Here’s a table that lists the typical research proposal lengths for a few universities.
Arts programs | 1,000-1,500 | |
University of Birmingham | Law School programs | 2,500 |
PhD | 2,500 | |
2,000 | ||
Research degrees | 2,000-3,500 |
Q4. What are the common mistakes to avoid in a research proposal ?
A4. Here are a few common mistakes that you must avoid while writing a research proposal . 7
Thus, a research proposal is an essential document that can help you promote your research and secure funds and grants for conducting your research. Consequently, it should be well written in clear language and include all essential details to convince the evaluators of your ability to conduct the research as proposed.
This article has described all the important components of a research proposal and has also provided tips to improve your writing style. We hope all these tips will help you write a well-structured research proposal to ensure receipt of grants or any other purpose.
References
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How to write a phd research proposal.
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Written by: Raja Mandal
So you have a groundbreaking research idea you've spent months or even years developing, and now you're ready to take the next step.
How do you get funding for your research, and how should you approach potential funders? The answer is to create a convincing research proposal.
Unfortunately, most research proposals often get rejected. According to the European Research Council, the success rate for repeat proposal applications was only 14.8% in 2023 .
Pitching a novel research concept isn’t enough. To increase your chances of securing funding, your research proposal must check the right boxes in terms of clarity, feasibility, aesthetic appeal and other factors.
If you’re looking for inspiration to create a persuasive and feasible proposal, you’re in the right place. In this article, we have compiled a list of research proposal examples to help you create yours.
These examples will help you understand how to organize your proposal, what information to include and how to present it in a way that encourages others to support your project.
Let's dive in!
What is a research proposal, what to include in a research proposal, 8 research proposal examples & templates, research proposal faqs.
A research proposal is a structured document that outlines the core idea of your research, the methods you intend to use, the required resources and the expected results.
Think of it as a sales pitch for your research. It answers some big questions: What are you planning to explore? Why is it important to conduct the research? What are your research objectives and the methods you’ll use to achieve them? What are the potential outcomes or contributions of this research to the field?
A research proposal serves two primary purposes. First, it convinces funding bodies or academic committees to support your research project expected to bring new ideas and insights. Second, it provides a roadmap for your research journey, helping you stay focused, organized and on track.
Now, we'll discuss what to include in a research proposal. You'll learn about the important parts of a research proposal template and how they help present your research idea clearly.
Here’s an infographic that you can use to understand the elements of a research proposal quickly.
Start your research proposal with a title page that clearly states your research. The title page is like a book cover, giving the first impression of your project. Therefore, you must ensure the design is engaging enough to attract your audience at first glance.
Include the following details on your title page:
After the title page comes the abstract and the table of contents.
The abstract is a concise summary of your project that briefly outlines your research question, the reasons behind the study and the methods you intend to use. It is a quick way for readers to understand your proposal without reading the entire document.
The table of contents is a detailed list of the sections and subsections in your proposal, with page numbers. It helps readers navigate through your document and quickly locate different parts they're interested in.
The introduction of your research proposal sets the tone for the rest of the document. It should grab the reader's attention and make them want to learn more. It's your chance to make a strong case for why your research is worth investigating and how it can fill a gap in current knowledge or solve a specific problem.
Make sure that your introduction covers the following:
A literature review is a list of the scholarly works you used to conduct your research. It helps you demonstrate your current knowledge about the topic.
Here's how this part works:
This section outlines your plan for answering your research question. It explains how you intend to gather and analyze information, providing a clear roadmap of the investigation process.
Here are the key components:
Describe the entire group you're interested in (the population). This could be all teachers in a specific state or all social media platform users. After that, you will need to explain how you will choose a smaller group, known as a sample, to study directly. This sample should be selected to accurately represent the larger population you are interested in studying.
To choose the right sampling method, you need to assess your population properly. For instance, to obtain general insights, you can use random sampling to select individuals without bias. If the population consists of different categories, such as professionals and students, you can use stratified sampling to ensure that each category is represented in the sample.
Other popular sampling methods include systematic, convenience, purposive, cluster, and probability sampling techniques.
There are three main approaches for the research: qualitative (focusing on experiences and themes), quantitative (using numbers and statistics), or mixed methods (combining both). Your choice will depend on your research question and the kind of data you need.
This section details the specific methods you'll use to gather information. Will you distribute surveys online or in person? Conduct interviews? Perhaps you'll use existing data sets. Here, you'll also explain how you'll ensure the data collection process is reliable and ethical.
Once you have collected your data, the next step is to analyze it to obtain meaningful insights. The method you choose depends on the available data type.
If you have quantitative data, you can employ statistical tests to analyze it. And if you're dealing with qualitative data, coding techniques can help you spot patterns and themes in your collected data.
In this section, you need to explain how your research will contribute to the existing knowledge in your field. You should describe whether your study will fill a knowledge gap, challenge conventional ideas or beliefs or offer a fresh perspective on a topic.
Clearly outline how your work will advance your field of study and why this new knowledge is essential.
Create a timeline with important milestones, such as finishing your literature review, completing data collection and finalizing your analysis.
This shows that you've carefully considered the scope of your project and can manage your time effectively. Furthermore, account for possible delays and be prepared to adapt your schedule accordingly.
To create this timeline, consider using a visual tool like a Gantt chart or a simple spreadsheet. These tools will help you organize individual tasks, assign deadlines, and visualize the project's overall progress.
Choose a Gantt chart template from Visme's library and customize it to create your timeline quickly. Here's an example template:
The budget section is your opportunity to show them that you've carefully considered all necessary expenses and that your funding request is justified.
Here's how you can approach this part:
Using these research proposal examples and templates, you can create a winning proposal in no time. You will find templates for various topics and customize every aspect of them to make them your own.
Visme’s drag-and-drop editor, advanced features and a vast library of templates help organizations and individuals worldwide create engaging documents.
Here’s what a research student who uses Visme to create award-winning presentations has to say about the tool:
Research Student
Now, let’s dive into the research proposal examples.
This research proposal presentation template is a powerful tool for presenting your research plan to stakeholders. The slides include specific sections to help you outline your research, including the research background, questions, objectives, methodology and expected results.
The slides create a coherent narrative, highlighting the importance and significance of your research. Overall, the template has a calming and professional blue color scheme with text that enables your audience to grasp the key points.
If you need help creating your presentation slides in a fraction of the time, check out Visme's AI presentation maker . Enter your requirements using text prompts, and the AI tool will generate a complete presentation with engaging visuals, text and clear structure. You can further customize the template completely to your needs.
Sales research gives you a deeper understanding of their target audience. It also helps you identify gaps in the market and develop effective sales strategies that drive revenue growth. With this research proposal template, you can secure funding for your next research project.
It features a sleek and professional grayscale color palette with a classic and modern vibe. The high-quality images in the template are strategically placed to reinforce the message without overwhelming the reader. Furthermore, the template includes a vertical bar graph that effectively represents budget allocations, enabling the reader to quickly grasp the information.
Use Visme's interactive elements and animations to add a dynamic layer to your research proposals. You can animate any object and add pop-ups or link pages for a more immersive experience. Use these functionalities to highlight key findings, demonstrate trends or guide readers through your proposal, making the content engaging and interactive.
This proposal template is a great tool for securing funding for any type of research project. It begins with a captivating title page that grabs attention. The beautiful design elements and vector icons enhance the aesthetic and aid visual communication.
This template revolves around how a specific user group adopts cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum. The goal is to assess awareness, gauge interest and understand key factors affecting cryptocurrency adoption.
The project methodology includes survey design, data collection, and market research. The expected impact is to enhance customer engagement and position the company as a customer-centric brand.
Do you need additional help crafting the perfect text for your proposal? Visme's AI writer can quickly generate content outlines, summaries and even entire sections. Just explain your requirements to the tool using a text prompt, and the tool will generate it for you.
Creating a product that delights users begins with detailed product research. With this modern proposal template, you can secure buy-in and funding for your next research.
It starts with a background that explains why the research is important. Next, it highlights what the research is set to achieve, how the research will be conducted, how much it will cost, the timeline and the expected outcomes. With a striking color scheme combining black, yellow, and gray, the template grabs attention and maintains it until the last page.
What we love about this template is the smart use of visuals. You'll find a flowchart explaining the methodology, a bar graph for the budget, and a timeline for the project. But that’s just the tip of the iceberg regarding the visual elements you’ll find in Visme.
Visme offers data visualization tools with 30+ data widgets, such as radial gauges, population arrays, progress bars and more. These tools can help you turn complex data into engaging visuals for your research proposal or any other document.
For larger data sets, you can choose from 20+ types of charts and graphs , including bar graphs , bubble charts , Venn diagrams and more.
If you’re a tech researcher, we’ve got the perfect template for you. This research proposal example is about predictive analytics in e-commerce. However, you can customize it for any other type of research proposal.
It highlights the project's objectives, including the effectiveness of predictive analysis, the impact of product recommendations and supply chain optimization. The methods proposed for achieving these objectives involve A/B testing and data analysis, a comprehensive budget and a 12-month timeline for clear project planning.
The title page has a unique triptych-style layout that immediately catches the reader's attention. It has plenty of white space that enhances readability, allowing your audience to focus on the critical points.
Submitting to different funding agencies? You don’t have to manually make changes to your document. Visme's dynamic fields can help save time and eliminate repetitive data entry.
Create custom fields like project names, addresses, contact information and more. Any changes made to these fields will automatically populate throughout the document.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is taking the world by storm and the marketing niche isn’t left out. With this eye-catching template, you can attract attention to your proposed marketing research project for an AI-driven platform.
The main goal of the research is to evaluate the platform's feasibility and marketing potential. To achieve this goal, the scope of work includes a comprehensive analysis of the market and competitors and pilot testing. The proposal also contains a budget overview that clearly outlines the allocation of funds, ensuring a well-planned and transparent approach.
Using Visme's Brand Design Tool , you can easily customize this template to suit your branding with just one click. Simply enter your URL into the brand wizard, and the tool will automatically extract your company logo, brand colors, and brand fonts . Once saved, you or your team members can apply the branding elements to any document. It's that simple!
The environmental research proposal example focuses on carbon emissions, identifies their contributing factors, and suggests sustainable practices to address them. It uses an appropriate sample size and data collection techniques to gather and evaluate data and provide sustainable recommendations to reduce industrial carbon footprints and waste.
From a design standpoint, the green and white color combination matches the theme of nature and environmental friendliness. In addition to its aesthetic appeal, the proposal includes relevant images that support ecological advocacy, making it informative and visually aligned with its purpose.
A key feature of this template is its detailed breakdown of the project's timeline. It uses a Gantt chart to clearly present stages, milestones and deadlines.
Collaborate with your team members to customize these research proposal templates using Visme’s collaborative design features . These features allow you to leave feedback, draw annotations and even make live edits. Invite your teammates via email or a shareable link and allow them to work together on projects.
This research proposal template is a total game-changer - you can use it for any research proposal and customize it however you want. It features a modern and refreshing color scheme that immediately makes it stand out, providing a contemporary look that can adapt to any project's needs.
The template's layout is thoughtfully designed with primary fields that users can easily personalize by changing text, adjusting colors, or swapping images. No matter the research topic, you can tailor the template to fit your specific needs.
Once you're done customizing your research proposal template on Visme, you can download, share and publish it in different ways. For offline usage, you may download the proposal in PDF, PNG, or JPG format. To share it online, you can use a private or public link or generate a code snippet that you can embed anywhere on the web.
Want to create other types of proposals? Here are 29 proposal templates that you can easily customize in Visme.
Follow these steps to write a solid research proposal:
If you want to learn more about creating an expert research proposal , we highly recommend checking out our in-depth guide.
Research proposals can range from 1,000 to 5,000 words. For smaller projects or when specific requirements aren't provided, aim for a concise and informative proposal that effectively outlines your research plan.
However, the ideal length depends on these factors:
The time it takes to write a research proposal depends on a few factors:
Set aside several weeks to a couple of months for researching, writing, and revising your proposal. Start early to avoid stress and produce your best work.
There are several factors that can make a research proposal weak. Here are some of the most common errors that you should avoid while preparing your research proposal:
Writing a compelling research proposal takes effort, but with the right tools, the process becomes a breeze. Use the research proposal examples and templates in this article as a launching point to write your own proposal.
The best part? Visme provides easy-to-use tools with a vast collection of customizable templates, design elements and powerful features.
Whether you're a seasoned researcher or a student, Visme has the resources to help you create visually appealing and well-structured research proposals. In addition to research proposals, Visme helps you create many other document types, such as presentations , infographics , reports and more.
Ready to create your own research proposal? Check out Visme's proposal maker and start crafting professional and engaging proposals in minutes!
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Raja Antony Mandal is a Content Writer at Visme. He can quickly adapt to different writing styles, possess strong research skills, and know SEO fundamentals. Raja wants to share valuable information with his audience by telling captivating stories in his articles. He wants to travel and party a lot on the weekends, but his guitar, drum set, and volleyball court don’t let him.
Proposal Templates > Research Proposal Template
Ready to start on a research proposal, but don’t know where to begin? Why not start with our polished research proposal template that helps you get your research thoughts on paper and gives you a solid structure to present your research.
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Research proposals | ms word | google docs | apple pages, 50+ sample research proposals, what is a research proposal, what builds a winning research proposal, studies that helped shape the modern world, how to prepare a compelling research proposal.
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A research proposal is a document that outlines a proposed research project. It is used to request funding from a government agency, or from a private foundation. It is also used to request approval from a university research committee. The proposal should describe the purpose of the research, the methodology, and the expected outcome.
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Leonard Musembi
Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development
Thomas Senaji
This chapter considers African women's participation in leadership and their views on effective leadership. The literature suggests that African women remain underrepresented in leadership roles, although participation rates are increasing. African women are well represented as entrepreneurs, in the less profitable informal sector, and are increasingly found in political spheres. The LEAD research shows men and women holding similar views regarding effective leadership. Preliminary results suggest that traditional views about leadership, which held women back, may be changing. This is a positive development, as society will benefit from the leadership skills of women. Efforts by African governments to mandate percentages of women in leadership positions may have an effect on government as well as business. Africa, however, is a large continent with parts of its population residing in rural areas where traditions continue. Consequently, more research is needed to understand devel...
Dorothy Appiah
Ajibola Asekun, PhD
The women in traditional African societies suffered discrimination and prejudice in their quest to participate in leadership. This paper examined the attitude of modern Africans towards allowing female equal access as their male counterparts to leadership positions in global organisations. The study was conducted among 100 part time students of a tertiary institution who worked under male and female leaders. The participants were purposeivey selected into a quasi-experimental group. They were asked to express a preference between a male leader and a female leader assuming they were the ones to decide who to hire to fill positions of CEOs in two simulated global organisations. They were also requested to rate their female or male leaders using Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). The result of the study revealed that women were still unfavourably perceived as fit for leadership positions. The reasons for the negative perception towards women participation in leadership was discussed, the qualities that make African women good leaders were analysed, and efforts that can be made to increase women's leadership participation in Africa were also suggested. INTRODUCTION Organisations do evolve from domestic companies to become multinational institutions or global organisations. Invariably, the leadership of such organisationsis expected to be part of the evolution process, besides, globalization as a phenomenon has compelled many companies to adopt a global mindset in their business operations. It has therefore become an issue of concern to researchers how today business organisations plays in the increasingly globalised world. Introduction of new or improved technologies in information communication and the continual ease in modes of transportation has further enhanced the drive for businesses to think and act globally. Thus, many African organisations whose operations were limited only to the boundaries of their home countries only have started spreading their tentacles to several other countries outside their borders physically, or virtually. Interestingly, in this new reality Lajtha and Carminati-Rabasse (2008) opined that women should be accorded more consideration than men for global leadership roles because they appear better prepared because of their perceived positive tendency towards inclusivity, diversity, social responsibility, and global skills than men. Moreover, other advocates of women leadership have pointed to studies that suggest that women's leadership styles were more democratic, participative and less autocratic or directive than men's leadership styles (Eagly& Johnson, 1990). In spite of this vantage position ascribed to women in the extant literature, fewer women were still in executive positions and/or on board of directors compared to their male counterparts (Singh & Vinnicombe, 2004). According to a Catalyst (2011) report, the following represent the number of women in executive positions in the United States: 51.5% holds management and professional positions, only 14.4% of executive officer positions and 15.7% of board seats.Adler (2002) had earlier painted a worst scenario when he reported that only 3% of senior management positions in the United States and 2% in Europe were held by women. Similarly, Singh and Terjesen (2008) revealed that the percentages of women holding seats on company boards ranged from only 0.2% in Japan to 22% in Slovenia. The U.S. Department of Labor (2010) and the Bureau of Labour Statistics corroborated further by stating that, in spite of the fact that 30% of both men and women have at least a bachelor's degree; women were underrepresented in senior leadership roles and only make 81% of their male counterparts' wages.While some of the records presented here reflect certain improvements from pastdecades, Eagly and Carli (2007) showed that women continue to face a series of obstacles within a labyrinth as they attempt toascend the line of command to become leaders. As poor as women participation in leadership is in North America and Europe in spite of their liberal dispositions to the female gender, the situation is worse in Africa with a less liberal disposition. For example, the recent data made available by World Bank Enterprise Survey (2011) shows that in both the public and private sectors in Africa, only 1 in 26 salaried African women is employed in a senior management position, compared with 1 in every 6 men.In South Africa that has the reputation as one of the most developed African countries as far as equality of gender is concerned and gender sensitive constitution, (see table 1), it was reported that there were only 10 companies with more than 25% women in senior management in 2004,this increased significantly to 58 companies in 2008 and then fell back to only 37 companies in 2011. (Business Women's Association, 2011). However, There is a substantial volume of literature on the merits of creating equal access to leadership roles for both men and women, what appears to be lacking in the existing studies is the research on struggles of corporate women in the developing economies in their effort to attain leadership positions domestically and globally. The present study is aimed at contributing to filling this gap.
sheriff Ghali Ibrahim
This paper seeks to analyze the various contributions of these African women in positions of global authority and the parts they play in influencing fellow women to aspire and take up leadership positions. The paper adopts library instrument of research from documented materials such as books, periodicals, journals and reports. Findings show that, across the world, women make up about half the population yet they never come close to holding fifty percent of the positions of power in any government. The paper concludes that, without a doubt, women in Africa have risen to various positions of power and leadership both within the private and public sectors of governance and indeed are proving their mettle in their various spheres. Although successful African women leaders have very intimidating résumés, very little records of mentoring and personal development of fellow women exist. The paper recommends that, specific and critical measures should be taken to enable women's full participation in decision making, policy formulation as well as access to all organizations of the society. Successful women should mentor and develop fellow women, which is necessary in order to support and encourage the leadership traits in younger women.
IJSSIT Publication , Florence Nyamweya
The purpose of this study was to assess how cultural perceptions influence women’s active participation in leadership in Kitutu Masaba Sub County. Globally the participation of women in leadership is very low. In East Africa, Kenya is the worst performing still struggling to achieve the 30% threshold mandated in the constitution, mainly because of the political environment and cultural beliefs that still place women at “home”. One case worthy to note, is the Abagusii people who since independenc have never elected any woman as a Member of Parliament,except those elected as Women County Representatives in the general election held in 2013 and 2017. The study made use of the Feminist theory which recognizes the pervasive influence of gender divisions on social life and Empowerment Theory which explain how individuals’ and communities increase power to control various aspects of their lives and participate in the community with dignity. Related literature on women participation was reviewed. The targeted population was men and women aged 18 years and above, the sample size was 384, arrived at through the use Morgan 7 Table. Purposive Sampling was used to sample leaders in the community (elected, appointed, men and women at all levels ad opinion makers) in the six wards of Kitutu Masaba Sub County. Respondents were selected from each ward on stratified random sampling and targeted at least 64 respondents from each ward of Kitutu Masaba sub County. Data collection was done through question guidelines and interviews. The study used descriptive survey design. Data were analyzed using the computer programme, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Result findings were presented using frequency tables, graphs, charts and narrations. From the findings of the study, it is concluded that women are marginally under-represented in leadership in the community, and that cultural factors are the strongest barriers that hinder women from participating in leadership positions. The findings of this study are significant in that they may assist the community and relevant government departments in developing more appropriate strategies, policies and regulations that will encourage more women to take part in leadership positions in Kitutu Masaba Sub County. The results of the study formed a basis for making recommendations on how more women could be empowered to perform leadership roles.
collin kamalizeni
Rampant social crises entangled in deadly African demonstrations, protests and running battles are a callous condition provoking profound reflection on the calibre of leadership occupying different levels in public institutions. We navigate the feasibility of unlocking the women leadership potential seemingly ubiquitous under cultural stereotypes that confront female leadership. The overwhelming studies conducted elsewhere stimulate deeper enquiry into the underpinning women leadership obstacles within sub Saharan Africa. The primeval ideological prejudices paint a malaise portrait that perceives men as breadwinners. Austerity measures to alter this philosophy have been significantly hampered, despite rigorous determination in the last three decades. Mechanisms continue to be sought to support these endeavours, including all-inclusive leadership training interventions that address women underrepresentation in the upper echelons. A paucity of gender inclusive leadership continues to rein in most public enterprises prompting the need for further investigation. Incompatible women roles in work-home spheres place additional demands on women, thus weakening their self-esteem. A rapture of gender activists tends to provoke resentment from male partisans in the gender campaigns. Conversely, women themselves tend to widen the gap by restraining support for other women while feeling a sense of security in female homogeneous settings. Socialisation is incredibly perceived contributory to women leadership obstacles; women internalise certain socio-cultural roles engrained in their dispositions. Additionally, child marriage particularly in the girl child is believed to perpetuate leadership barriers from a cultural perspective ultimately undermining chances of increased women leadership. Finally, the gap in women leadership policy implementation continues to swell despite numerous conventions and policy stipulations that yield little results, compelling an urgent need for further research.
collins omuluche
Disparaging feelings toward women in the workplace, society, civil society and leadership consisted of attitudes such as, “[women] lacked career orientation, leadership potential and were undependable and emotionally unstable – all of which made women unsuitable candidates for management and some strategic and sensitive leadership position.” (Bass, Krusell, & Alexander, 1971).Polls about women in leadership said that despite executives more favorable view of women, the majority still think only a truly exceptional woman can succeed in some leadership role in the world (Sutton & Moore, 1985). The unfounded attitudes we hold are the larger concern for our understanding of women in leadership. The presence of feminine or masculine characteristics in leadership styles is related to the construct of gender (Larson and Freeman, 1997). Gender, race, class, and other elements of social difference are acknowledged to play an important role in the development of leadership styles.Recognizing women’s styles of leadership represents an important approach to equity as long as they are not stereotyped as “the” ways women lead but as “other” ways of leading.The feminine leadership styles are not better or worse than the traditional male-oriented ones, they are just different.
Isaac Ohene
Patrick Owusu
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Toluwanimi Kalejaiye
Vuyisile Msila
IJSSIT Publication , Florence Ghamunga
IJSSIT Publication
Business Education Journal
Collin Kamalizeni
International Journal of African Renaissance Studies Multi Inter and Transdisciplinarity
Hellicy Ngambi
Handbook of Research on Examining Global Peacemaking in the Digital Age
Ayo Ayoola-Amale
Journal of international business research
Ghada Chehimi
The Quest for Gender Equity in Leadership
Martine Audéoud
Muhammad Ali
American Journal of Educational Research
George Asekere
Dr.Chandra Vadhana R
Dr King Costa
Women in leadership roles
Adeola Temitope Aina
Developing Country Studies
Emeka Emmanuel OKAFOR
Dr Tesfay Tsegay
International Journal of Business and Society
Jolita Geciene
Problems and Perspectives in Management
nokwanda jali
National Forum Journal, 17E
Roslin Growe
Anthony O . Agbor
Journal of Policy and Development Studies (JPDS)
Loice Kipngetich
Phyllis B E R N I C E Kwarteng Donkor
After we formally graduate from the university, some of us would want to take a step forward into higher-level learning as a postgraduate student. This would apply to some courses such as those in business school, medical school, engineering, law, fine arts and etc. Higher learning has more chances of better job opportunities and higher pay. One requirement of a postgraduate degree is a postgraduate research proposal, which is an important document that can help you develop your knowledge and experience within your field. Read more about postgraduate research proposal in our article below and don’t forget to check out our free postgraduate research proposal samples as well:
10+ postgraduate research proposal samples, 1. postgraduate research proposal, 2. postgraduate admission research proposal, 3. postgraduate tentative research proposal, 4. postgraduate medical research proposal, 5. postgraduate dissertation research proposal, 6. postgraduate applicant research proposal, 7. postgraduate study research proposal, 8. postgraduate phd research proposal, 9. mphil postgraduate research proposal, 10. doctorate postgraduate research proposal, 11. masters postgraduate research proposal, what is a postgraduate research proposal, how to write a postgraduate research proposal, i. introduction, ii. the body or main text, iii. the design: methods and procedures, iv. significance of the study, v. conclusions, why is a research proposal important, what is a postgraduate program, how long is a postgraduate course.
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Initially, postgraduate research proposal is a document proposing a research project, and as part of their application for admission to a research degree. It is also relevant to students who are applying to external bodies for postgraduate research funding. A university application for postgraduate study is most likely to include a research proposal or a personal statement , even if you are applying for a funded project defined by the prospective supervisor. With a postgraduate research proposal this will enable you to develop research skills as well as invaluable transferable skills which you can apply to academic life, your current employment or a variety of professions outside of the academia.
A postgraduate research proposal allows you to gain newer perspective and experience within your field by completing a major research project under the supervision of an academic. The research proposal is crucial to your application because it forms a basis for making a judgement about your sustainability for postgraduate research particularly:
When writing your proposal, well-presented and clearly written proposals are more likely to stick in the reviewer’s mind. So let us begin with the basic components that makes up a postgraduate research proposal:
Provide a background information in the form of a literature review which sets the context for your research to help the reader understand the questions and objectives. Identify any gap in the knowledge or questions which have to be answered, specify your aims and objectives, including a brief description of the methodology and how will your research be beneficial and to whom. The introduction is your opportunity to demonstrate that your research has not been done before and that the proposed project will add something new to the existing body of literature.
In this section you should be able to identify the following:
It is important to present the proposed research methodology such as techniques, sample size, target populations, species choice, equipment and data analysis, and explain why it is the most appropriate methodology to effectively answer the research question. Justify the methodology by explaining what alternatives have been considered and why these have been disregarded. Also point out how your project fits with the research environment of your prospective institution and why this institution is the best place to conduct your research, in particular if this will provide you with access to unique expertise, pieces of equipment or data. Some examples of research methods are: sampling, instrumentation, data analysis and data collection .
Define how this research will refine, revise, or extend existing knowledge in the area under investigation. Also you can also briefly include a small section to present how your research interests, previous achievements, relevant professional experience and qualifications will support the completion of your research project.
Summarize all that there is to your postgraduate research proposal and come up with a conclusion that can help a reviewer identify the important information. Make sure these are concise, clear and informative.
The importance of a research proposal is to give an initial overview of the research project you are about to conduct. It helps identify what kind of research methods that are applicable in your research and the reason behind your research. It is also quite significant in order to get funding.
This is a degree that you study after you graduate from a four year bachelor’s degree or for some on the basis of relevant work experience.
Depending on your field, a postgraduate course can take about a year in full time or two in part time and does not typically exceed five years.
A postgraduate research proposal is a stepping stone that can help you fulfill your aspirations of completing an effective postgraduate research, that can benefit your future as a professional in your field of expertise.
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Research Proposal Example/Sample. Detailed Walkthrough + Free Proposal Template. If you're getting started crafting your research proposal and are looking for a few examples of research proposals, you've come to the right place. In this video, we walk you through two successful (approved) research proposals, one for a Master's-level ...
er, the proposal deadline is December 1. During the proposal stage, students should discuss their research interests with CM faculty members, identify a research topic, conduct preliminary literatu. e review and develop a project proposal. The proposal should discuss problem statement, objectives, research methodology, research activities.
Research Proposal Template. The fastest (and smartest) way to craft a convincing proposal and get your dissertation or research project approved. Available in Google Doc, Word & PDF format. 4.9 star rating, 5000+ downloads. Download Now (Instant access)
Research proposal examples. Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We've included a few for you below. Example research proposal #1: "A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management".
1. Research Proposal Format Example. Following is a general outline of the material that should be included in your project proposal. I. Title Page II. Introduction and Literature Review (Chapters 2 and 3) A. Identification of specific problem area (e.g., what is it, why it is important). B. Prevalence, scope of problem.
Depending on the length of your research proposal, you may wish to include a contents page for the proposal itself (not for your main research project: suggested contents for this are included in your Proposed Chapter Outline, section 9), as follows (add page numbers/subsections when you know them, depending on your research).As you introduce sub-sections into your different sections, number ...
1 of 5. Research Proposals. Writing a research proposal is the first step for a research project. Before you can work on your research, it must be approved, whether that is by a professor, thesis advisor, or supervisor. It is essential to make your proposal as strong as possible; if your proposal is denied, you may not get the funding you need ...
The basic purposes of all research proposals are to convince the reader that: the research project has clear objectives; the research project is worth doing (it is significant / important in some sense and will make an original contribution to knowledge / understanding in the field) the proposed methods are suitable and feasible;
Style: If space allows, provide a clear project title. Structure your text - if allowed use section headings. Present the information in short paragraphs rather than a solid block of text. Write short sentences. If allowed, provide images/charts/diagrams to help break up the text.
Research Paper Template. The fastest (and smartest) way to craft a research paper that showcases your project and earns you marks. Available in Google Doc, Word & PDF format. 4.9 star rating, 5000+ downloads. Download Now (Instant access)
A Sample Quantitative Research Proposal Written in the APA 6th Style. [Note: This sample proposal is based on a composite of past proposals, simulated information and references, and material I've included for illustration purposes - it is based roughly on a fairly standard research proposal; I say roughly because there is no one set way of ...
A research proposal is a document that outlines the details of a proposed study and is created by researchers to submit to evaluators who could be research institutions, universities, faculty, etc. Research proposals are usually about 2,000-4,000 words long, but this depends on the evaluating authority's guidelines.
A well-structured research proposal includes a title page, abstract and table of contents, introduction, literature review, research design and methodology, contribution to knowledge, research schedule, timeline and budget. Visme's research proposal examples and templates offer a great starting point for creating engaging and well-structured ...
If you have a lot of supplementary materials, consider adding a sheet that lists them in the order in which they are attached. Putting It All Together. Now put the whole thing together: the cover sheet (if appropriate), the proposal itself, the budget and the supplementary materials. Add a cover letter if you wish.
Guide and the Supervision Guide. This Research Proposal Guide aims to help you develop a sound propo sal, one. that will help you to write your thesis in a focus ed and disciplined way. Research ...
Sample Research Proposals. You will find here two examples of proposals for postgraduate research from the Department of Social Policy and Criminology. They both give good indication of the sorts of things that need to be included. The first, on fathering after divorce or separation, represents first thoughts on the proposed topic, but sets out ...
Typically, a research proposal is a written document used by scientists, academics, and business owners who want to express their ideas and investigation regarding a particular subject. It seeks to request funding for this process from beginning to end. Writing a proposal requires quantitative and qualitative research that creates a ...
Statement of purpose: Explain what you hope your research will find or show. State your question or series of questions before you begin your research. After you have conducted significant research you should be able to answer your question(s) in one or two sentences, which may become the thesis of the final paper. 3.
Show why you are the right person to do this research; Examples of research proposals. Research Proposal Example 1 (DOC, 49kB) Research Proposal Example 2 (DOC, 0.9MB) Research Proposal Example 3 (DOC, 55.5kB) Research Proposal Example 4 (DOC, 49.5kB) Subject specific guidance. Writing a Humanities PhD Proposal (PDF, 0.1MB) Writing a Creative ...
A r esearch proposal is a document written by a researcher that provides a detailed description of. the pr oposed pr ogram. It is like an outline of the entire research process that gives a reader ...
Step 1: Indicate the Background of the Research. A winning research proposal must provide a comprehensive background to support the need for it. The background of the research proposal often includes a vivid description of the current situation that needs a solution.
Research Proposal Sample. A research proposal is a document that outlines a proposed research project. It is used to request funding from a government agency, or from a private foundation. ... File types: DOC (101.5 KB), PDF (184.3 KB) Number of pages: 13 View details. Show preview. Research subject consent form. File types: DOC (110.5 KB ...
It will discuss the research design, the population, sample and sampling methods that will be applied, the research instruments that will be used, the data collection procedure and the method of data analysis. Theoretical Framework A constructionist epistemology underpins this proposed study.
10+ Postgraduate Research Proposal Samples. 1. Postgraduate Research Proposal. 2. Postgraduate Admission Research Proposal. 3. Postgraduate Tentative Research Proposal. 4. Postgraduate Medical Research Proposal.
suicide and prevent them with safety planning. This study address a huge research and treatment gap and conducting such a study would pave way for future research in this field in India. 5. A description of the planned methods (i.e. conceptual format) This is a research proposal. The study is proposing an open trail that is of a mixed-methods ...
selected proposals to strengthen the project's implementation effectiveness and to facilitate its integration with other new and ongoing research, planning and deployment projects. ·Multi-disciplinary and multi-campus research teams are encouraged in order to integrate diverse research capabilities. III. PROPOSAL FORMAT AND CONTENT
Increased funding for a wall on the US-Mexico border - one of Trump's signature proposals in 2016 - is proposed in the document. Project 2025 also proposes dismantling the Department of Homeland ...
In the race against time, McLaren Formula 1 trusts Cisco connectivity, performance, and security solutions to power its operations.
Project 2025 encourages the president to ensure that "any research conducted with taxpayer dollars serves the national interest in a concrete way in line with conservative principles". [115] [33]: 686 For example, research in climatology should receive considerably less funding, in line with Project 2025's views on climate change. [26]