presentation about history of great britain

Celtic people called Britons settles in Britain. They were warriors and farmers who were skilled metal workers. They built villages and hill forts, and used iron weapons and tools. Celts called Gaels lived in Ireland.

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Mandy is the creator of the Woodlands Resources section of the Woodlands Junior website.  The two websites  projectbritain.com  and  primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk  are the new homes for the Woodlands Resources.

Mandy left Woodlands in 2003 to work in Kent schools as an ICT Consultant. She now teaches computers at  The Granville School  and  St. John's Primary School  in Sevenoaks Kent.

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Origins of the British Empire

Competition with france.

• Dominance and dominions
• Nationalism and the Commonwealth

When did the British Empire begin?

British Empire

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What was the British Empire?

British Empire was a worldwide system of dependencies that was brought under the sovereignty of the crown of Great Britain and the administration of the British government over some three centuries.

The first tentative steps toward the establishment of the British Empire began with overseas settlements in the 16th century. Great Britain's maritime expansion accelerated in the 17th century and resulted in the establishment of settlements in North America and the West Indies. The East India Company began establishing trading posts in India in 1600, and the first permanent British settlement in Africa was made at James Island in the Gambia River in 1661.

Which sub-Saharan African country was the first to gain independence from the British Empire?

In 1957 the Gold Coast became the first sub-Saharan African colony of the British Empire to reach independence (as Ghana ).

What was the last significant colony of the British Empire?

The last significant colony of the British Empire was Hong Kong . It was returned to Chinese sovereignty in 1997.

Does the British Empire still exist today?

The British Empire does not exist today. However, the Commonwealth is a free association of sovereign states comprising the United Kingdom and many of its former dependencies that acknowledge the British monarch as the association's symbolic head.

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British Empire , a worldwide system of dependencies — colonies , protectorates , and other territories—that over a span of some three centuries was brought under the sovereignty of the crown of Great Britain and the administration of the British government. The policy of granting or recognizing significant degrees of self-government by dependencies, which was favoured by the far-flung nature of the empire , led to the development by the 20th century of the notion of a “British Commonwealth ,” comprising largely self-governing dependencies that acknowledged an increasingly symbolic British sovereignty . The term was embodied in statute in 1931. Today the Commonwealth includes former elements of the British Empire in a free association of sovereign states.

Great Britain made its first tentative efforts to establish overseas settlements in the 16th century. Maritime expansion, driven by commercial ambitions and by competition with France , accelerated in the 17th century and resulted in the establishment of settlements in North America and the West Indies . By 1670 there were British American colonies in New England , Virginia, and Maryland and settlements in the Bermudas, Honduras , Antigua, Barbados , and Nova Scotia . Jamaica was obtained by conquest in 1655, and the Hudson’s Bay Company established itself in what became northwestern Canada from the 1670s on. The East India Company began establishing trading posts in India in 1600, and the Straits Settlements (Penang, Singapore , Malacca , and Labuan) became British through an extension of that company’s activities. The first permanent British settlement on the African continent was made at James Island in the Gambia River in 1661. Slave trading had begun earlier in Sierra Leone , but that region did not become a British possession until 1787. Britain acquired the Cape of Good Hope (now in South Africa) in 1806, and the South African interior was opened up by Boer and British pioneers under British control.

Nearly all these early settlements arose from the enterprise of particular companies and magnates rather than from any effort on the part of the English crown. The crown exercised some rights of appointment and supervision, but the colonies were essentially self-managing enterprises. The formation of the empire was thus an unorganized process based on piecemeal acquisition, sometimes with the British government being the least willing partner in the enterprise.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, the crown exercised control over its colonies chiefly in the areas of trade and shipping. In accordance with the mercantilist philosophy of the time, the colonies were regarded as a source of necessary raw materials for England and were granted monopolies for their products, such as tobacco and sugar, in the British market. In return, they were expected to conduct all their trade by means of English ships and to serve as markets for British manufactured goods. The Navigation Act of 1651 and subsequent acts set up a closed economy between Britain and its colonies; all colonial exports had to be shipped on English ships to the British market, and all colonial imports had to come by way of England. This arrangement lasted until the combined effects of the Scottish economist Adam Smith ’s Wealth of Nations (1776), the loss of the American colonies, and the growth of a free-trade movement in Britain slowly brought it to an end in the first half of the 19th century.

The slave trade acquired a peculiar importance to Britain’s colonial economy in the Americas, and it became an economic necessity for the Caribbean colonies and for the southern parts of the future United States . Movements for the end of slavery came to fruition in British colonial possessions long before the similar movement in the United States; the trade was abolished in 1807 and slavery itself in Britain’s dominions in 1833.

British military and naval power, under the leadership of such men as Robert Clive , James Wolfe , and Eyre Coote , gained for Britain two of the most important parts of its empire—Canada and India. Fighting between the British and French colonies in North America was endemic in the first half of the 18th century, but the Treaty of Paris of 1763, which ended the Seven Years’ War (known as the French and Indian War in North America), left Britain dominant in Canada. In India, the East India Company was confronted by the French Compagnie des Indes , but Robert Clive ’s military victories against the French and the rulers of Bengal in the 1750s provided the British with a massive accession of territory and ensured their future supremacy in India.

The loss of Britain’s 13 American colonies in 1776–83 was compensated by new settlements in Australia from 1788 and by the spectacular growth of Upper Canada (now Ontario ) after the emigration of loyalists from what had become the United States. The Napoleonic Wars provided further additions to the empire; the Treaty of Amiens (1802) made Trinidad and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka ) officially British, and in the Treaty of Paris (1814) France ceded Tobago, Mauritius , Saint Lucia , and Malta . Malacca joined the empire in 1795, and Sir Stamford Raffles acquired Singapore in 1819. Canadian settlements in Alberta, Manitoba, and British Columbia extended British influence to the Pacific, while further British conquests in India brought in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh and the Central Provinces, East Bengal, and Assam.

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History of Great Britain

Published by Ernest Dorsey Modified over 6 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "History of Great Britain"— Presentation transcript:

A Brief History of England (This is sort of like covering the majority of North American history in 6 slides!)

The Stormin’ Normans INB p. 126 Copy only the text that appears in red. INB p. 126 Copy only the text that appears in red.

The History of the United Kingdom by Ave Arak and Epp Jürisson Supervisors: T.Pukk and M.Maasen Viljandi 2002 C.R Jakobson Gymnasium.

1/28 Focus: Kings began to gain more power and centralize power during the high middle ages England was one of the first countries in Europe to develop.

A History of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

The History of England Part I

The Middle Ages Part III. The Vikings  Were the most feared invaders and entered Europe for three main reasons: 1. They were fighting amongst themselves.

The Development of Feudalism in Western Europe

Roman Heritage.

The British Isles. The British Isles consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Republic of Ireland is an independent state with its capital.

 History of the Kingdom of England covers the period from the Norman invasion in 1066 and the conquest of the south-eastern part of the island of Great.

Britishness and Identity The Population’s Origins.

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British history Brief outline.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain)

British History.

(This is sort of like covering the majority of North American history in 6 slides!)

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United Kingdom

Located off the northwest coast of Europe, the United Kingdom includes England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. The U.K. also includes Northern Ireland, which is on another island. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland , which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) Northern Ireland is just 12 miles from the island of Great Britain, across the North Channel of the Irish Sea.

Scotland and Wales are the most mountainous parts of the U.K. and are covered in knife-edged mountain ridges separated by deep valleys. This terrain was shaped some 20,000 years ago during the last Ice Age, when thick glaciers covered the land. When the Ice Age glaciers melted in northwest Scotland, they left behind thousands of lakes, called lochs (pronounced LOCKS). Long and narrow, some of the lochs are very deep. (Legends say that a giant monster called Nessie lives in Loch Ness in this region, also called the Scottish Highlands.)

The largest freshwater lake by surface area in the U.K., Lough Neagh (pronounced LOCK NEE), is in Northern Ireland. It stretches 20 miles long and nine miles wide. Rolling hills and plains dot the countryside of both Northern Ireland and England.

PEOPLE AND CULTURE

Government and economy.

The U.K.’s system of government has developed over many centuries. As early as the ninth century, kings and queens ruled with advice from a council of religious leaders and nobles. 

Today, the country is a constitutional monarchy, which means the reigning king or queen is the head of state but doesn’t have any real political power.

The old council of advisers eventually expanded into a government body called Parliament. That’s why today, the United Kingdom’s system of governing is called a parliamentary democracy.

Members of Parliament now pass all the country's laws from two chambers: the House of Commons, made up of officials elected by the people, and the House of Lords, in which members are appointed, usually by the reigning king or queen based on recommendations by an independent group called the House of Lords Appointments Commission.

The head of the government is the prime minister, who is usually the leader of the political party in charge of Parliament.

Oil, iron, and steel products are some of the United Kingdom’s main exports, or goods sold to other countries. The country also exports electrical equipment, and parts for automobiles and aircrafts. Its main crops produced include barley, wheat, and potatoes.

Over the centuries, the United Kingdom has accumulated wealth from foreign lands the country colonized, or took control over. Some estimates say the U.K. earned as much as $45 trillion in today’s dollars just from its former colony of India, when trade from goods that India produced went to the U.K’s economy. Other former colonies include Australia , Canada , and South Africa .

Watch "Destination World"

North america, south america, more to explore, u.s. states and territories facts and photos, destination world.

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HISTORY OF THE GREAT BRITAIN - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

HISTORY OF THE GREAT BRITAIN

History of. the great britain. in 300 b.c. british islands ... (australia, egypt, cyprus) participation in crimea's war = backing to turkey. queen victoria ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• In 300 B.C. British islands were populated by the Celts
• Since 55 A.D. an oncoming of Romans
• (under Julius Caesars rule)
• 5 th century a threatening by Germans
• (under Alfred the Greats rule)
• In the early 11 th century Britania was occupied by Danes
• 1066 Villiam the Conqueror
• 12 th century
• Henry II. an obtaining Scotland, Wales and Ireland for England
• Richard I. ( Lions heart)
• John Lackland
• - arguments with the aristocracy
• -gt Magna charta liberatum
• 13 th century
• A rise of parliament
• Edward I. towns development
• 1337 1453 Hundred Years War
• between France and England
• Kings of England at war
• - Edward III. - successes in war
• - 1349 Black Death
• - Richard II. - a grandson of Edward III.
• - Henry IV.
• - Henry V. a son of Henry IV.
• - Henry VI. a son of Henry V.
• England lost.
• 1455 1485 War of the Roses
• between families Lancasters and
• Yorks (Richard III.)
• 1485 - Richard III. was defeated by Henry VII. (Tudor)
• gt Rule of Tudors (16 th century)
• Henry VIII.
• Edward VI. Alizabeth I. Gold age
• Mary Tudor - sea power
• - first colony
• Rule of Stuarts (17 th century)
• - James VI. a Scottish king -gt symbolic
• connection of England and Scotland
• - Charles I. (Jamess son) dissolution
• of Parliament gt absolutism
• Civil war (half of 17 th century)
• - between followers of King and
• Parliament (Oliver Cromwell)
• Parliament won (Charless execution)
• England became republic
• Cromwells rule dissolution of Parliament again -gt dictature
• Stuarts after Cromwells death
• Charles II.
• gt children of Charles I.
• James II. - absolutism
• Villiam III. (son in-law of James II.) - Netherlander
• - Bill of Rights participation of
• Parliament in power
• 18 th century
• - Queen Ann -gt Scotland England (Wales) The Great Britain (1707)
• Hannovers rule
• - George I. (Anns relation)
• - George II. (son of George I.)
• ? new colonies (in Canada and India)
• - George III.
• 1800 Ireland was joined to Great Britain
• gt United Kingdom of The Great Britain and Northen Ireland
• Industrial revolution (1750 1850)
• - development of business and production
• - new inventions (steam engine)
• gt crisis from overproduction, unemployment
• Napoleonic wars (1803 1815)
• - the conflict with France again -gt France was knocked down by GB
• - 1815 Allied forces definitive Napoleons loss
• Victorian era (19 th century)
• - Queen Victoria
• ? new overseas departments
• (Australia, Egypt, Cyprus)
• ? participation in Crimeas war
• gt backing to Turkey
• I. World war (1914 1918)
• - GB was between powers of agreement
• - They defeated Germany together
• II. World war (1939 1945)
• - prime minister Neville Chamberlain
• gt he wrote Munich agreement
• - new prime minister of GB
• became Winston Churchill
• (Blood, sweat and tears)
• - RAF Royal air Forces
• Kings in 20 th century
• Edward VII. Alexandria Danish
• (Victorias son)
• Mary from Teck George V.
• Edward VIII. George VI. Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
• Elizabeth II. (Queen for the time being)
• - husband Philip (Duke of Edinburgh)
• - 4 children Charles
• Prince Charles princess Diana gt divorce
• William Herry
• 31 st August 1997 - Diana died during
• the car accident.

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China’s Cao Yuan helped his country achieve Olympic history Saturday in Paris.

With his gold in the men’s 10m platform, China completed its run of diving domination, going eight-for-eight in gold medal events.

FULL RESULTS

No country has achieved the feat since the Olympics expanded to eight diving events at the 2000 Sydney Olympics. China won seven gold medals at the Tokyo Olympics in 2021, ceding the men’s synchronized 10m platform to Great Britain’s Tom Daley and Matty Lee . 

Japan’s Rikuto Tamai secured silver with a 99-point dive — the top mark of the day — on his sixth and final outing. Tamai was the biggest threat to Cao’s pursuit of gold, but still finished 39.85 points behind him. This is Japan’s first-ever medal in diving.

Great Britain’s Noah Williams placed third for bronze, adding to the silver he claimed alongside partner Tom Daley in the 10m synchronized platform.

Cao now has six career Olympic medals, four of them gold.

China's Yang Hao scored less than 60 points on three of his dives, and finished the day in 12th place. He was the only Chinese diver in Paris to not medal in his event. Yao made his Olympic debut following a world championship win earlier this year.

Note: Some components of NBCOlympics.com may not be optimized for users browsing with Internet Explorer 11, 10 or older browsers or systems.

British History: An Introduction

Jul 31, 2014

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British History: An Introduction. Part 1 – Early Years. Why is History Important?. History can give meaning and context to culture: The origins of traditions, languages, art, geography etc are all related to history. E.g. Why is Mandarin the official language of Taiwan?

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Presentation Transcript

British History: An Introduction Part 1 – Early Years

Why is History Important? • History can give meaning and context to culture: The origins of traditions, languages, art, geography etc are all related to history. E.g. Why is Mandarin the official language of Taiwan? Why can many older people in Taiwan speak Japanese?

Overview of Early British History • Stone Age – The Neolithic • Bronze Age • Iron Age • The Romans • The Invasions – Anglo Saxon, Jutes, Vikings

Neolithic ~8000 – 2500 BC • At the end of the last Ice Age (~8300 BC) people crossed into ‘Britain’ and settling mostly in the East and South of England. • Until around 6500BC, when the English Channel was formed, 'Britain' did not exist but was part of the Eurasian landmass. • The initial settlers were hunter-gatherers. This meant that they had a nomadic lifestyle, and spent most of their time engaged in obtaining enough food for survival.

The First Britons • The first 'Britons' were an ethnically mixed group (from many places) • But they were all part of the Caucasoid population of Europe. • The varied environment of Britain encouraged a great diversity of cultures

Bronze Age ~2500 – 700 BC • During this time the hunter-gatherers started to farm animals and grow crops • As farming improved, more food was grown to feed more people • The population of Britain ~1400 BC was ~one million

The Iron Age ~700 BC – 45 AD • At this time, iron came into general use, replacing bronze as the basic material for implements and weapons. • Britain was still not a nation but a collection of indigenous tribes and more recent Celtic invaders and settlers • The many regional cultures of the British Iron Age grew out of the preceding local Bronze Age

Iron Age Celts • The Iron Age Celts' clothes were often brightly colored. The Celts used berries and plants to dye the wool different colors. • Some of them painted patterns all over their bodies with blue woad made of a special plant. • The Celts' clothes showed their status and importance within the tribe. Men would wear a tunic with a belt, a cloak and trousers. Women wore dresses fastened with brooches • Celtic tribes were led by hereditary Kings and warlords • The Kings were supported by a warriors who enslaved most of the peasants. • Warfare was common between tribes • Confrontations tended to be brief.

The Romans • Britain is a land of agricultural and mineral wealth • In 43AD, the Roman Emperor Claudius invaded Britain with approximately 50,000 men. • They quickly occupied the South East and then moved inland. • Within 25 years much of England and Wales had been absorbed into the province of Britannia.

The Roman Empire

Britain and the Romans • At this time the population of Britain was about 3 million • Romans did not really ‘colonize’ Britain. There was no mass migration from Rome • Native people adopted Greco-Roman civilization • Britons became Roman citizens, culturally and legally. • By AD 300, almost everyone in 'Britannia' was Roman, even though of native descent and still speaking 'Celtic' dialects. • Scotland was untouched by Roman government. The kingdom of the Picts appeared during the third century AD.

The Romans & The Celts • Some Celts, especially those in the South East, were pro-Roman due to trade with the Roman Empire and because ofinter-tribal rivalry

Roman departure from Britain • Because Rome was being invaded, the Roman soldiers were moved from Britain to defend Rome • The Romans had left Britain by 410. • The inhabitants were forced to look to their own defences and government

After the Romans • The end of Roman power saw the return of ancient cultural trends of the Iron Age. • By the sixth century, most of Britannia was taken over by 'Germanic' kingdoms. • The Romano-British were slaughtered or driven west by invading Anglo-Saxons • In the western-most parts, small kingdoms formed under pressure from the Saxons, into the Welsh and Cornish regions.

Changes after the Romans • A Germanic people replaced the Celtic British, or at least became a significant part of the population of lowland Britain. • Germanic dialects replaced Latin or Celtic • Loose knit and feuding hereditary kingships replaced the more centrally governed Roman provinces. • Because this change took place while the Germanic immigrants were pagan and illiterate, the process was not well recorded

Anglo-Saxons • The Angle, Saxon, and Jute tribes who invaded Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries are known as the Anglo-Saxons. • They left their homelands in northern Germany, Denmark and northern Holland and rowed across the North Sea in wooden boats.

Anglo-Saxons • It is unclear why the Anglo-Saxons came to Britain. • It may have been because their land often flooded and it was difficult to grow crops, so they were looking for new places to settle down and farm

Anglo-Saxons • The Anglo-Saxons took control of most of Britain • They neverconquered Scotland, Wales or Cornwall • They divided the country into kingdoms, each with its own royal family. The stronger kingdoms often took control of the weaker kingdoms • By around AD 600 the five main Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were Northumbria, Mercia, Wessex, Kent and Anglia.

What Happened to The Anglo-Saxons? • In the 8th and 9th centuries the people of Scandinavia, who were known as the Vikings, began to come to Britain. • Anglo-Saxon accounts describe terrible Viking raids in which people weremassacred, churches destroyed, and animals and precious objects stolen. • By the end of the 870s, the Vikings occupied most of eastern England. Their territory was called the Danelaw.

Vikings • In the year 793 Viking pirates raiders started to attack parts of Britain. • They would kill people and steal their valuables. • In 865 a 'Great Army' of Danish Vikings invaded England. • In the end the Vikings conquered all of northern, central and eastern England, and seized much of the land for their own farms. This area was called 'The Danelaw'. • During the same period, Norwegian Vikings sailed to northern and western Scotland, and seized land for their farms around the coast and islands. They also settled in the Isle of Man, and parts of Wales.

Vikings • The Vikings came from three countries in Scandinavia: Denmark, Norway and Sweden. • They were also known as the Norse people. They were mostly farmers, but some worked as craftsmen or traders. • Many Vikings were great travellers and sailed all over Europe and the north Atlantic Ocean in their longships. • Some went as fierce pirate raiders: they stole treasure and attacked local people. • But most Vikings who sailed overseas were simply searching for better land for their farms. • The Viking Age began about 1,200 years ago in the 8th Century AD and lasted for 300 years.

Alfred The Great • By 878 the Vikings had conquered all of England except Wessex. • Wessex remained Anglo-Saxon as King Alfred of Wessex defeated the Vikings in battle. • Gradually, the areas of England under Viking rule were reconquered by Alfred's descendants. • But in the early 11th century the whole of England was ruled by the Viking King Knut.

The End of the Vikings • In Scotland, powerful Viking earls continued to rule the islands and some of the mainland for hundreds of years. They were driven from the mainland in the mid-12th century, but remained in the northern islands for another 300 years.

The End of the Anglo-Saxons • The Anglo-Saxon period came to an end in 1066. • Duke William of Normandy (France) came to England and defeated Harold, the Earl of Wessex, in the Battle of Hastings • This was the beginning of the Norman period in English history.

The Roman Legacy • Many types of animals and plants were brought to Britain in Roman times. e.g. chestnut trees and chickens. • Miles, feet, and inches. All these are Roman measurements. • The Romans introduced Christianity to Britain. Many churches are still built using designs like a Roman Basilica. • Reading and writing were also introduced by the Romans. Before the Romans arrived nobody in Britain knew how to read or write. Stories and knowledge could only be passed on by word of mouth. From Roman times onwards people in Britain would always write things down. • The Romans also helped the English language. Many words in English and Welsh have been borrowed from the Latin language. Some examples are:-autumn, beautiful, continue, different....

The Viking Legacy • LanguageMany familiar words such as 'husband', 'egg', 'law', 'knife' and 'window' originally came from the Vikings' language. • Some days of the week are named after their Viking gods: for example, Thursday is 'Thor's Day' • Place namesAny place with a name ending in -by, -thorpe, or -ay was originally settled by the Vikings

Anglo-Saxon Legacy • ton - farm or village • wic - farmstead • ford - river crossing • ham - settlement • den - hill • Many places in England are still called by their Anglo-Saxon names • Parts of the British legal system can be traced back to Anglo-Saxon times Many Anglo-Saxon words are still used today. • faether - father • sunu - son • dohtor - daughter • chese - cheese

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