military expenditure research paper

Military Expenditure: Transparency, Defence Inflation and Purchasing Power Parity. Determining a truly comparable measure of how much countries are spending on defence is not a straightforward task. This paper examines this issue with contributions from leading defence economists and experts in the field.

Set amidst the context of an increasingly challenging global economic outlook and a more fraught security environment following Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, this paper discusses recent developments in military expenditure and the factors that must be considered in order to make accurate assessments and comparisons. As countries in Europe look to bolster defence ...

This data should include expenditure on personnel—which encompasses salaries of military and civil personnel and pensions and social services of military personnel—as well as expenditure on operations and maintenance, procurement, military research and development and military aid (in the military expenditure of the donor country).

This data should include expenditure on personnel—which encompasses salaries of military and civil personnel and pensions and social services of military personnel—as well as expenditure on operations and maintenance, pro cure ment, military research and development, and military aid (in the military expenditure of the donor country).

The core work of the military expenditure project is to collect, analyse, process and publish data on military expenditure worldwide, and to monitor and analyse trends in military expenditure over time, looking at their economic, political and security drivers and their implications for global peace, security and development.

This data should include expenditure on personnel—which encompasses salaries of military and civil personnel, and pensions and social ser-vices of military personnel—as well as expenditure on operations and maintenance, procurement, military research and development, and military aid (in the military expenditure of the donor country).

Naturally, this implies that military spending can affect the economy in various and probably contradictory ways. Hence, by considering this distinctive element of military spending, the present paper aims to uncover the economic effects of the most important components of the US defense budget focusing on a period from 1949 to 2021.

The IISS-Europe office hosted a workshop in October 2022 entitled 'Military Expenditure: Transparency, Defence Inflation and Purchasing Power Parity', which convened leading defence economists to con-sider important methodological issues long debated in the field.

This paper clarifies one of the puzzling results of the economic growth literature: the impact of military expenditure is frequently found to be non-significant or negative, yet most countries spend a large fraction of their GDP on defense and the military. We start by empirical evaluation of the non-linear interactions between military expenditure, external threats, corruption, and other ...

This is the reason why the positive results in the GDP by the military expenditure, obtained in this paper, intend to be an empirical contribution to the debate, on the effects of the relationship between defence spending and GDP for both the NATO countries as a whole, and for the five groups of countries that would make up the Alliance.

Abstract This paper discusses some of the methodological issues involved in analysing military expenditure data, with particular reference to the extended SIPRI data-set. The discussion is organised under the headings of validity, what is the appropriate concept to measure? reliability, how well is it being measured? and comparability, is the same thing being measured over time and space? The ...

The focal point of this paper is to analyze the literature relating to military expenditure from 1921 to 1922 using quantitative methods. The literature review focused on English-language articles published in Scopus database. Applying a bibliometric method combined...

spending on the military2with spending on human security (social protection, education, and health). Italso examines whether mili. ary spending crowds out policy measures governments have taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In both high- and low-income settings, the pandemic has exacerbated gender inequalities with respect to health and ...

The SIPRI Military Expenditure Database contains consistent time series on the military spending of countries for the period 1949-2023. The database is updated annually, which may include updates to data for any of the years included in the database.

The author addresses three questions about military spending in developing countries: What are the levels of (and trends in) military spending as a percentage of gross .

Using global data for the period 1960-99, Collier and Hoeffler estimate neighborhood arms races. They find that the level of military expenditure is strongly influenced by the expenditure of neighbors. The authors estimate an "arms race multiplier," finding that an initial exogenous increase in military expenditure by one country is more than ...

Military Budgets and Defense Spending The portion of the national budget that is allocated to defense covers salaries, training, and health care; maintains and purchases arms, equipment, and facilities; funds military operations; and funds the development of new technologies.

Is US Grand Strategy Self-Defeating? Deep Engagement, Military Spending and Sovereign Debt Questions regarding the economic consequences of US grand strategy have gained new salience. This paper provides an empirical test of the relationship between US military expenditures and public debt and clarifies the real constraints the... more Bookmark ...

Highest military expenditure, share of GDP The following lists are lists of countries by military spending as a share of GDP - more specifically, a list of the 15 countries with the highest share in recent years. The first list uses the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute as a source.

Given China's accelerating military modernization and reforms in recent years, the existing estimate of China's military spending deserves a reassessment. This SIPRI report provides a comprehensive newanalysis of the financial resources China dedicates to military purposes. Using publicly available sources in both English and Chinese, the report presents a new estimate of Chinese military ...

WASHINGTON — Members of Congress have added just over $38 billion for 1,499 military research and procurement programs in fiscal 2025 that the president didn't seek, according to a previously

The taxpayers group began compiling the data only a few years ago. Between fiscal 2021 and 2024, they found the number of enacted congressional additions to defense research programs alone — not ...