essay about nepali culture in english

• The Culture Of Nepal

• Nepal is situated in the Himalayas and is a country that houses multiple cultures and ethnicities.
• 123 languages are spoken in Nepal.
• Though volleyball is the national sport, football (soccer) is the most popular.
• The population of Nepal is mostly Hindu, with the next most-practiced religion being Buddhism
• A lot of performance and art in Nepal is inspired from Hindu religious mythology.

Nepal is a sovereign state in South Asia , situated in the Himalayas. This landlocked country has a population of approximately 29 million people in 2020 and borders China and India. The country’s capital and largest city is Kathmandu. The country has a rich, multi-ethnic and multi-dimensional culture based on ancient traditions and social customs. The Nepalese culture is closely related to the culture of the more massive Indian Sub-continent and is influenced by the cultures of India and Tibet.

Ethnicity, Language, And Religion

Nepal is a multiethnic and multicultural country that came into existence through the progressive, political merging of smaller kingdoms and principalities such as Videha, Mustang, Limbuwan, and Madhesh. The northern part of the country is inhabited by Limbu, Rai, and Mongolian people while the Sherpa, Magar, Gurung and Lama people inhabit the western and central regions. 

There are approximately 123 languages spoken in Nepal. The major language is Nepali, spoken by 44.6% of the population as mother tongue. Other main languages include Maithili, Tamang, Tharu, and Bhojpuri. There are two main religions in Nepal; Buddhism and Hinduism. However, some Nepalese practice a unique combination of the two religions. The majority of the population, 80%, are Hindu while 11% practice Buddhism. Islam is practiced by about 3.2% of the population. Christians are \bout 1% of the population.

Nepalese cuisine is comprised of a variety of cuisines from the different ethnicities of the country and has been influenced by Asian culture. In most instances, a meal is never complete without a sizeable amount of rice. Rice is mainly served with daal, a spiced lentil soup, and vegetable curry called tarkari. 

Meals are eaten twice a day; late morning and early evening. Mostly, the meals also include “achar” which pickled vegetables or fruit. Rice may also be supplemented with flatbread known as “roti.” Traditionally, people eat from their individual plates using their hands and while seated on the floor.

Nepalese Traditional Clothing

Each of the ethnic groups in Nepal has its own traditional clothing. However, most of these follow the same pattern. Men’s traditional clothes are referred to as “Daura Suruwal.” Daura is a double-breasted shirt while Suruwal are simple baggy trousers that fit tightly at the ankle. Other items of clothing include jackets and a vest. The combination of a jacket and Daura Suruwal is considered informal traditional wear. A Daura does not have buttons or clasps and is often held in its place by four ties, two close to the waist and two near the shoulders. The national hat is called “Dhaka topi” and is often worn by the men.

The traditional outfit for the women is called “Kurta Suruwal.” It consists of a long blouse, sleeveless or short-sleeved and usually extending below the hips, light baggy pants, and a large scarf. The clothing is loose and usually brightly coloured and with patterns. The scarf is also long and matches with the rest of the outfit. It is draped over the body.

Literature, Art, And Craft

Nepalese literature dates back to the 19th century with the adaptation of the Hindu “Ramayan” by the Bhanubhakta Acharya for the Nepali readership. The development of literature in the country has been hampered by the heavy government censorship and control, forcing most authors and poets to seek publication outside the country. Several Nepali authors have been actively writing innovative Nepali literature since the Democratic revolution of 1991. Some of these authors include Khagendra Sangraula, Yuyutsu Sharma, Narayan Wagle, and Toya Gurung.

Much of Nepalese art is considered religious. The Newar people are responsible for most of the examples of the traditional art and architecture of Nepal. They are known for craftsmanship, Paubha painting, and sculpture. The Newari create a caste-bronze statue of Hindu and Buddhist deities.

Performance Arts

Performance art also focuses on religious themes drawn from Hindu epics. Political satire is also very common as well as comedic forms. Nepal has a rich musical heritage with several distinctive vocal styles and instruments. Music is popular across all age groups and has become a marker of identity, especially among the younger generation. The older generation prefers folk songs and religious music while the younger generation is attracted to western and experimental film music. Performance art such as music and dancing is a very important part of festivals and celebrations. The end of the plowing season is often marked by songs, shouts, and dances.

Several sports are played in Nepal, both at the national and international levels. The most popular sport in the country is football (known in the US and Canada as soccer), followed by cricket. The Nepalese national cricket team has even participated in the World Cup and other international competitions. However, the national sport of Nepal is volleyball. 

The sport with the most tournaments in Nepal is football, and they are held across the country. The Nepal football national team won gold in the 2016 South Asia Games. According to the 2018 FIFA ranking, Nepal holds position 165.

Life In Society

Nepal is a multi-ethnic society with a rich culture and religious practices. Visitors are required to embrace native customs while visiting certain places such as temples. Like the locals, they must put on a respectable dress with no leather, remove their shoes, and ask for permission before entering the Hindu temple. Nepalis are generally friendly. However, public display of affection is not appreciated. 

Superstition still rules the country. Interestingly, praising a baby’s appearance or walking on spilled rice brings bad luck. Red chillies are almost everywhere and are believed to drive away the evil spirit. The family is very important in Nepalese culture. Like much of the world, for a very long time, women were honored as mothers and had little access to education and political power. Men were the heads of their respective families and were required to provide for them. While there has been progress for the rights of women in recent decades, this progress has been slow to reach the regions outside of the urban centres.

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• Countries and Their Cultures
• Culture of Nepal

Culture Name

Alternative name, orientation.

Identification. Nepal is named for the Kathmandu Valley, where the nation's founder established a capital in the late eighteenth century. Nepali culture represents a fusion of Indo-Aryan and Tibeto-Mongolian influences, the result of a long history of migration, conquest, and trade.

Location and Geography. Nepal is a roughly rectangular country with an area of 147,181 square miles (381,200 square kilometers). To the south, west, and east it is bordered by Indian states; to the north lies Tibet. Nepal is home to the Himalayan Mountains, including Mount Everest. From the summit of Everest, the topography plunges to just above sea level at the Gangetic Plain on the southern border. This drop divides the country into three horizontal zones: the high mountains, the lush central hills, and the flat, arid Terai region in the south. Fast-moving, snow-fed rivers cut through the hills and mountains from north to south, carving deep valleys and steep ridges. The rugged topography has created numerous ecological niches to which different ethnic groups have adapted. Although trade has brought distinct ethnic groups into contact, the geography has created diversity in language and subsistence practices. The result is a country with over thirty-six ethnic groups and over fifty languages.

Demography. The population in 1997 was just over 22.6 million. Although infant mortality rates are extremely high, fertility rates are higher. High birth rates in rural areas have led to land shortages, forcing immigration to the Terai, where farmland is more plentiful, and to urban areas, where jobs are available. Migration into cities has led to over-crowding and pollution. The Kathmandu Valley has a population of approximately 700,000.

Linguistic Affiliation. After conquering much of the territory that constitutes modern Nepal, King Prithvi Narayan Shah (1743–1775) established Gorkhali (Nepali) as the national language. Nepali is an Indo-European language derived from Sanskrit with which it shares and most residents speak at least some Nepali, which is the medium of government, education, and most radio and television broadcasts. For many people Nepali is secondary to the language of their ethnic group or region. This situation puts certain groups at a disadvantage in terms of education and civil service positions. Since the institution of a multiparty democracy in 1990, linguistic issues have emerged as hotly debated topics.

Symbolism. The culture has many symbols from Hindu and Buddhist sources. Auspicious signs, including the ancient Hindu swastika and Shiva's trident, decorate buses, trucks, and walls. Other significant symbols are the emblems (tree, plow, sun) used to designate political parties.

Prominent among symbols for the nation as a whole are the national flower and bird, the rhododendron and danfe; the flag; the plumed crown worn by the kings; and the crossed kukhris (curved knives) of the Gurkhas, mercenary regiments that have fought for the British Army in a number of wars. Images of the current monarch and the royal family are displayed in many homes and places of business. In nationalistic rhetoric the metaphor of a garden with many different kinds of flowers is used to symbolize national unity amid cultural diversity.

History and Ethnic Relations

The birth of the nation is dated to Prithvi Narayan Shah's conquest of the Kathmandu Valley kingdoms in 1768. The expansionist reigns of Shah and his successors carved out a territory twice the size of modern Nepal. However, territorial clashes with the Chinese in the late eighteenth century and the British in the early nineteenth century pushed the borders back to their current configuration.

National Identity. To unify a geographically and culturally divided land, Shah perpetuated the culture and language of high-caste Hindus and instituted a social hierarchy in which non-Hindus as well as Hindus were ranked according to caste-based principles. Caste laws were further articulated in the National Code of 1854.

By privileging the language and culture of high-caste Hindus, the state has marginalized non-Hindu and low-caste groups. Resentment in recent years has led to the organization of ethnopolitical parties, agitation for minority rights, and talk about the formation of a separate state for Mongolian ethnic groups.

Despite ethnic unrest, Nepalis have a strong sense of national identity and pride. Sacred Hindu and Buddhist sites and the spectacular mountains draw tourists and pilgrims and give citizens a sense of importance in the world. Other natural resources, such as rivers and flora and fauna are a source of national pride.

Hindu castes and Buddhist and animist ethnic groups were historically collapsed into a single caste hierarchy. At the top are high-caste Hindus. Below them are alcohol-drinking ( matwali ) castes, which include Mongolian ethnic groups. At the bottom are untouchable Hindu castes that have traditionally performed occupations considered defiling by higher castes. The Newars of the Kathmandu Valley have a caste system that has been absorbed into the national caste hierarchy.

Historically, members of the highest castes have owned the majority of land and enjoyed the greatest political and economic privileges. Members of lower castes have been excluded from political representation and economic opportunities. The untouchable castes were not permitted to own land, and their civil liberties were circumscribed by law. Caste discrimination is officially illegal but has not disappeared. In 1991, 80 percent of positions in the civil service, army, and police were occupied by members of the two highest castes.

Urbanism, Architecture, and the Use of Space

Nepal historically was one of the least urbanized countries in the world, but urbanization is accelerating, especially in the capital, and urban sprawl and pollution have become serious problems. Kathmandu and the neighboring cities of Patan and Bhaktapur are known for pagoda-style and shikhara temples, Buddhist stupas, palaces, and multistory brick houses with elaborately carved wooden door frames and screened windows. Although the largest and most famous buildings are well maintained, many smaller temples and older residential buildings are falling into disrepair.

At the height of British rule in India, the Rana rulers incorporated Western architectural styles into palaces and public buildings. Rana palaces convey a sense of grandeur and clear separation from the peasantry. The current king's palace's scale and fortress-like quality illustrate the distance between king and commoner.

Rural architecture is generally very simple, reflecting the building styles of different caste and ethnic groups, the materials available, and the climate. Rural houses generally have one or two stories and are made of mud brick with a thatched roof. Village houses tend to be clustered in river valleys or along ridge tops.

Food and Economy

Food in Daily Life. Many Nepalis do not feel that they have eaten a real meal unless it has included a sizable helping of rice. Most residents eat a large rice meal twice a day, usually at midmorning and in the early evening. Rice generally is served with dal, a lentil dish, and tarkari, a cooked vegetable. Often, the meal includes a pickle achar, made of a fruit or vegetable. In poorer and higher-altitude areas, where rice is scarce, the staple is dhiro, a thick mush made of corn or millet. In areas where wheat is plentiful, rice may be supplemented by flat bread, roti. Most families eat from individual plates while seated on the floor. Though some urbanites use Western utensils, it is more common to eat with the hands.

Conventions regarding eating and drinking are tied to caste. Orthodox high-caste Hindus are strictly vegetarian and do not drink alcohol. Other castes may drink alcohol and eat pork and even beef. Traditionally, caste rules also dictate who may eat with or accept food from whom. Members of the higher castes were particularly reluctant to eat food prepared by strangers. Consequently, eating out has not been a major part of the culture. However, caste rules are relaxing to suit the modern world, and the tourist economy is making restaurants a common feature of urban life.

Food Customs at Ceremonial Occasions. At weddings and other important life-cycle events, feasts are generally hosted by the families directly involved, and numerous guests are invited. At such occasions, it is customary to seat guests on woven grass mats on the ground outside one's home, often in lines separating castes and honoring people of high status. Food is served on leaf plates, which can be easily disposed of. These customs, however, like most others, vary by caste-ethnic groups, and are changing rapidly to suit modern tastes.

Basic Economy. The large majority of the people are subsistence farmers who grow rice, maize, millet, barley, wheat, and vegetables. At low altitudes, agriculture is the principal means of subsistence, while at higher altitudes agropastoralism prevails. Many households maintain chickens and goats. However, few families own more than a small number of cows, water buffalo, or yaks because the mountainous topography does not provide grazing land for large animals.

Nepal is one of the poorest countries in the world. This poverty can be attributed to scarce natural resources, a difficult terrain, landlocked geography, and a weak infrastructure but also to feudal land tenure systems, government corruption, and the ineffectiveness of development efforts. Foreign aid rarely goes to the neediest sectors of the population but is concentrate in urban areas, providing jobs for the urban middle class. The name of the national currency is rupee.

Land Tenure and Property. Historically, a handful of landlords held most agricultural land. Civil servants often were paid in land grants, governing their land on an absentee basis and collecting taxes from tenant-farming peasants. Since the 1950s, efforts have been made to protect the rights of tenants, but without the redistribution of land.

Overpopulation has exacerbated land shortages. Nearly every acre of arable land has been farmed intensively. Deforestation for wood and animal fodder has created serious erosion.

Commercial Activities. The majority of commercial activity takes place at small, family-owned shops or in the stalls of sidewalk vendors. With the exception of locally grown fruits and vegetables, many products are imported from India and, to a lesser extent, China and the West. Jute, sugar, cigarettes, beer, matches, shoes, chemicals, cement, and bricks are produced locally. Carpet and garment manufacturing has increased significantly, providing foreign exchange. Since the late 1950s, tourism has increased rapidly; trekking, mountaineering, white-water rafting, and canoeing have drawn tourists from the West and other parts of Asia. The tourism industry has sparked the commercial production of crafts and souvenirs and created a number of service positions, such as trekking guides and porters. Tourism also has fueled the black market, where drugs are sold and foreign currency is exchanged.

Major Industries. There was no industrial development until the middle of the twentieth century. Much of earliest industrial development was accomplished with the help of private entrepreneurs from India and foreign aid from the Soviet Union, China, and the West. Early development focused on the use of jute, sugar, and tea; modern industries include the manufacturing of brick, tile, and construction materials; paper making; grain processing; vegetable oil extraction; sugar refining; and the brewing of beer.

Trade. Nepal is heavily dependent on trade from India and China. The large majority of imported goods pass through India. Transportation of goods is limited by the terrain. Although roads connect many major commercial centers, in much of the country goods are transported by porters and pack animals. The few roads are difficult to maintain and subject to landslides and flooding. Railroads in the southern flatlands connect many Terai cities to commercial centers in India but do not extend into the hills. Nepal's export goods include carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute, and grain. Tourism is another primary export commodity. Imports include gold, machinery and equipment, petroleum products, and fertilizers.

Division of Labor. Historically, caste was loosely correlated with occupational specialization. Tailors, smiths, and cobblers were the lowest, untouchable castes, and priests and warriors were the two highest Hindu castes. However, the large majority of people are farmers, an occupation that is not caste-specific.

Social Stratification

Classes and Castes. Historically, caste and class status paralleled each other, with the highest castes having the most land, capital, and political influence. The lowest castes could not own property or receive an education. Although caste distinctions are no longer supported by law, caste relations have shaped present-day social stratification: Untouchables continue to be the poorest sector of society, while the upper castes tend to be wealthy and politically dominant. While land is still the principal measure of wealth, some castes that specialize in trade and commerce have fared better under modern capitalism than have landowning castes. Changes in the economic and political system have opened some opportunities for members of historically disadvantaged castes.

Political Life

Government. The Shah dynasty has ruled the country since its unification, except during the Rana period from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. During the Rana administration, the Shah monarchs were stripped of power and the country was ruled by a series of prime ministers from the Rana noble family. In 1950, the Shah kings were restored to the throne and a constitutional monarchy was established that eventually took the form of the panchayat system. Under this system, political parties were illegal and the country was governed by local and national assemblies controlled by the palace. In 1990, the Movement for the Restoration of Democracy (People's Movement) initiated a series of popular demonstrations for democratic reforms, eventually forcing the king to abolish the panchayat system and institute a multiparty democracy.

The country is divided administratively into fourteen zones and seventy-five districts. Local and district-level administers answer to national ministries that are guided by policies set by a bicameral legislature made up of a House of Representatives and a National Council. The majority party in the House of Representatives appoints the prime minister. The executive branch consists of the king and the Council of Ministers.

Leadership and Political Officials. The government is plagued by corruption, and officials often rely on bribes to supplement their income. It is widely believed that influence and employment in government are achieved through personal and family connections. The king is viewed with ambivalence. He and his family have been criticized for corruption and political repression, but photos of the royal family are a popular symbol of national identity and many people think of the king as the living embodiment of the nation and an avatar of the god Vishnu.

Social Problems and Control. International attention has focused on the plight of girls who have been lured or abducted from villages to work as prostitutes in Indian cities and child laborers in carpet factories. Prostitution has increased the spread of AIDS. Foreign boycotts of Nepali carpets have helped curb the use of child labor but have not addressed the larger social problems that force children to become family wage earners.

Military Activity. The military is small and poorly equipped. Its primary purpose is to reinforce the police in maintaining domestic stability. Some Royal Nepal Army personnel have served in United Nations peacekeeping forces. A number of Nepalis, particularly of the hill ethnic groups, have served in Gurkha regiments. To many villagers, service in the British Army represents a significant economic opportunity, and in some areas soldiers' remittances support the local economy.

Nongovernmental Organizations and Other Associations

Aid organizations are involved in health care, family planning, community development, literacy, women's rights, and economic development for low castes and tribal groups. However, many projects are initiated without an understanding of the physical and cultural environment and serve the interests of foreign companies and local elites.

Gender Roles and Statuses

Division of Labor by Gender. Only men plow, while fetching water is generally considered women's work. Women cook, care for children, wash clothes, and collect firewood and fodder. Men perform the heavier agricultural tasks and often engage in trade, portering, and other work outside the village. Both men and women perform physically demanding labor, but women tend to work longer hours, have less free time, and die younger. In urban areas, men are far more likely to work outside the home. Increasingly, educational opportunities are available to both men and women, and there are women in professional positions. Women also frequently work in family businesses as shopkeepers and seamstresses.

Children and older people are a valuable source of household labor. In rural families, young children collect firewood, mind animals, and watch younger children. Older people may serve on village councils. In urban areas and larger towns, children attend school; rural children may or may not, depending on the proximity of schools, the availability of teachers, and the work required of them at home.

The Relative Status of Women and Men. Women often describe themselves as "the lower caste" in relation to men and generally occupy a subordinate social position. However, the freedoms and opportunities available to women vary widely by ethnic group and caste. Women of the highest castes have their public mobility constrained, for their reputation is critical to family and caste honor. Women of lower castes and classes often play a larger wage-earning role, have greater mobility, and are more outspoken around men. Gender roles are slowly shifting in urban areas, where greater numbers of women are receiving an education and joining the work force.

Marriage, Family, and Kinship

Hindu castes do not generally approve of cross-cousin marriage, which is preferred among some Mongolian ethnic groups. Among some groups, a brideprice substitutes for a dowry. In others, clan exogamy is an important feature of marriages. Until recently, polygyny was legal and relatively common. Now it is illegal and found only in the older generation and in remote areas. Child marriages were considered especially auspicious, and while they continue to be practiced in rural areas, they are now prohibited by law. Love marriage is gaining in popularity in the cities, where romantic films and music inform popular sentiment and the economy offers younger people economic independence from the extended family.

Domestic Unit. Among landholding Hindu castes, a high value is placed on joint family arrangements in which the sons of a household, along with their parents, wives, and children, live together, sharing resources and expenses. Within the household, the old have authority over the young, and men over women. Typically, new daughters-in-law occupy the lowest position. Until a new bride has produced children, she is subject to the hardest work and often the harshest criticism in her husband's household. Older women, often wield a great deal of influence within the household.

The emphasis in joint families is on filial loyalty and agnatic solidarity over individualism. In urban areas, an increasing number of couples are opting for nuclear family arrangements.

Inheritance. Fathers are legally obligated to leave equal portions of land to each son. Daughters do not inherit paternal property unless they remain unmarried past age thirty-five. Although ideally sons manage their father's land together as part of a joint family, familial land tends to be divided, with holdings diminishing in every generation.

Kin Groups. Patrilineal kin groups form the nucleus of households, function as corporate units, and determine inheritance patterns. A man belongs permanently to the kinship group of his father, while a woman changes membership from her natal kin group to the kin group of her husband at the time of marriage. Because family connections are critical in providing access to political influence and economic opportunities, marriage alliances are planned carefully to expand kinship networks and strengthen social ties. Although women join the husband's household, they maintain emotional ties and contact with their families. If a woman is mistreated in her husband's household, she may escape to her father's house or receive support from her male kin. Consequently, women often prefer to marry men from the same villages.

Socialization

Infant Care. Infants are carried on the mothers' back, held by a shawl tied tightly across her chest. Babies are breast-fed on demand, and sleep with their mothers until they are displaced by a new baby or are old enough to share a bed with siblings. Infants and small children often wear amulets and bracelets to protect them from supernatural forces. Parents sometimes line a baby's eyes with kohl to prevent eye infections.

Child Rearing and Education. Mothers are the primary providers of child care, but children also are cared for and socialized by older siblings, cousins, and grandparents. Often children as young as five or six mind younger children. Neighbors are entitled to cuddle, instruct, and discipline children, who are in turn expected to obey and defer to senior members of the family and community. Children address their elders by using the honorific form of Nepali, while adults speak to children using more familiar language. Because authority in households depends on seniority, the relative ages of siblings is important and children are often addressed by birth order.

Certain household rituals mark key stages in child's development, including the first taste of rice and the first haircut. When a girl reaches puberty, she goes through a period of seclusion in which she is prohibited from seeing male family members. Although she may receive special foods and is not expected to work, the experience is an acknowledgment of the pollution associated with female sexuality and reproductivity.

From an early age, children are expected to contribute labor to the household. The law entitles both girls and boys to schooling; however, if a family needs help at home or cannot spare the money for uniforms, books, and school fees, only the sons are sent to school. It is believed that education is wasted on girls, who will marry and take their wage-earning abilities to another household. Boys marry and stay at home, and their education is considered a wise investment.

The customary greeting is to press one's palms together in front of the chest and say namaste ("I greet the god within you"). Men in urban areas have adopted the custom of shaking hands. In the mainstream culture, physical contact between the sexes is not appropriate in public. Although men may be openly affectionate with men and women with women, even married couples do not demonstrate physical affection in public. Some ethnic groups permit more open contact between the sexes.

Hospitality is essential. Guests are always offered food and are not permitted to help with food preparation or cleaning after a meal. It is polite to eat with only the right hand; the hand used to eat food must not touch anything else until it has been thoroughly washed, for saliva is considered defiling. When drinking from a common water vessel, people do not touch the rim to their lips. It is insulting to hit someone with a shoe or sandal, point the soles of one's feet at someone, and step over a person.

Religious Beliefs. Eighty-six percent of Nepalis are Hindus, 8 percent are Buddhists, 4 percent are Muslims, and just over 1 percent are Christians. On a day-to-day level, Hindus practice their religion by "doing puja, " making offerings and prayers to particular deities. While certain days and occasions are designated as auspicious, this form of worship can be performed at any time.

Buddhism is practiced in the Theravadan form. There are two primary Buddhist traditions: the Buddhism of Tibetan refugees and high-altitude ethnic groups with cultural roots in Tibet and the Tantric form practiced by Newars.

There is a strong animistic and shamanic tradition. Belief in ghosts, spirits, and witchcraft is widespread, especially in rural areas. Spiteful witches, hungry ghosts, and angry spirits are thought to inflict illness and misfortune. Shamans mediate between the human and supernatural realms to discover the cause of illness and recommend treatment.

Religious Practitioners. Many forms of Hindu worship do not require the mediation of a priest. At key rites of passage such as weddings and funerals, Brahmin priests read Vedic scriptures and ensure the correct performance of rituals. At temples, priests care for religious icons, which are believed to contain the essence of the deities they represent. They are responsible for ensuring the purity of the temple and overseeing elaborate pujas.

Buddhist monasteries train young initiates in philosophy and meditation. Lay followers gain religious merit by making financial contributions to monasteries, where religious rites are performed on behalf of the general population. Within Buddhism there is a clerical hierarchy, with highly esteemed lamas occupying the positions of greatest influence. Monks and nuns of all ranks shave their heads, wear maroon robes, and embrace a life of celibacy and religious observance.

Rituals and Holy Places. Nepal occupies a special place in both Hindu and Buddhist traditions. According to Hindu mythology, the Himalayas are the abode of the gods, and are specifically associated with Shiva, one of the three principal Hindu deities. Pashupatinath, a large Shiva temple in Kathmandu, is among the holiest sites in Nepal and attracts Hindu pilgrims from all over South Asia. Pashupatinath is only one of thousands of temples and shrines scattered throughout Nepal, however. In the Kathmandu Valley alone, there are hundreds of such shrines, large and small, in which the major gods and goddesses of the Hindu pantheon, as well as local and minor divinities, are worshiped. Many of these shrines are constructed near rivers or at the base of pipal trees, which are themselves considered sacred. For Buddhists, Nepal is significant as the birthplace of Lord Buddha. It is also home to a number of important Buddhist monasteries and supas, including Boudha and Swayambhu, whose domeshaped architecture and painted all-seeing eyes have become symbols of the Kathamandu Valley.

Death and the Afterlife. Hindus and Buddhists believe in reincarnation. An individual's meritorious actions in life will grant him or her a higher rebirth. In both religions the immediate goal is to live virtuously in order to move progressively through higher births and higher states of consciousness. Ultimately, the goal is to attain enlightenment, stopping the cycle of rebirth.

In the Hindu tradition, the dead are cremated, preferably on the banks of a river. It is customary for a son to perform the funeral rites. Some Buddhists also cremate bodies. Others perform what are called "sky burials," in which corpses are cut up and left at sacred sites for vultures to carry away.

Medicine and Health Care

Infant mortality is high, respiratory and intestinal diseases are endemic, and malnutrition is widespread in a country where life expectancy is fifty-seven years. Contributing to this situation are poverty, poor hygiene, and lack of health care. There are hospitals only in urban areas, and they are poorly equipped and unhygienic. Rural health clinics often lack personnel, equipment, and medicines. Western biomedical practices have social prestige, but many poor people cannot afford this type of health care. Many people consult shamans and other religious practitioners. Others look to Ayurvedic medicine, in which illness is thought to be caused by imbalances in the bodily humors. Treatment involves correcting these imbalances, principally through diet. Nepalis combine Ayurvedic, shamanic, biomedical, and other systems.

Although health conditions are poor, malaria has been eradicated. Development efforts have focused on immunization, birth control, and basic medical care. However, the success of all such projects seems to correlate with the education levels of women, which are extremely low.

The Arts and Humanities

Graphic Arts. Much of Nepali art is religious. Newari artisans create cast-bronze statuary of Buddhist and Hindu deities as well as intricately painted tangkas that describe Buddhist cosmology. The creation and contemplation of such art constitutes a religious act.

Performance Arts. Dramatic productions often focus on religious themes drawn from Hindu epics, although political satire and other comedic forms are also popular. There is a rich musical heritage, with a number of distinctive instruments and vocal styles, and music has become an marker of identity for the younger generation. Older people prefer folk and religious music; younger people, especially in urban areas, are attracted to romantic and experimental film music as well as fusions of Western and Asian genres.

The State of the Physical and Social Sciences

Universities are underfunded, faculties are poorly paid, and library resources are meager. Nepalis accord less respect to degrees from universities than to degrees obtained abroad and many scholars seek opportunities to study overseas or in India. Despite these limitations, some fine scholarship has emerged, particularly in the social sciences. In the post-1990 period, political reforms have permitted a more open and critical intellectual environment.

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Essay on Nepali Culture

Students are often asked to write an essay on Nepali Culture in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Nepali Culture

Introduction to nepali culture.

Nepali culture is like a beautiful garden with many kinds of flowers. It is a mix of traditions, values, and customs. This culture comes from the people of Nepal, a country in South Asia. It is known for its mountains, like Mount Everest, and its history.

Language and Religion

In Nepal, many people speak Nepali, but there are over 120 other languages too. Religion is important, with Hinduism and Buddhism being the most followed. Many festivals come from these religions, which people celebrate with joy.

Festivals and Food

Nepali festivals are colorful and full of life. Dashain and Tihar are the biggest ones. People eat special foods, play music, and enjoy dances. The food in Nepal is tasty and includes dishes like dal bhat (rice and lentils) and momo (dumplings).

Traditional Clothing

In Nepal, traditional clothes are worn with pride. Men wear a daura-suruwal and women wear a sari or kurta. These clothes are often made with bright colors and fine materials, showing the beauty of Nepali handwork.

Art and Music

Art and music are important in Nepal. Paintings and sculptures show stories of gods and daily life. The music is made with instruments like the madal and sarangi, creating tunes that are both happy and sad.

250 Words Essay on Nepali Culture

Nepali culture is like a beautiful garden with many kinds of flowers. It is rich with traditions, festivals, music, and dances. Nepal is a country in South Asia, home to the tall Mount Everest and many other mountains. The people living there come from different backgrounds and speak many languages, but they all share the culture of Nepal.

Festivals and Celebrations

One of the most important parts of Nepali culture is festivals. Dashain is the biggest festival where families come together, enjoy food, and children get gifts. Tihar, another festival, is when people light up their homes with candles and lamps. They also honor animals like crows, dogs, and cows. These festivals show how Nepalese people love family, nature, and animals.

Food in Nepal

The food of Nepal is tasty and unique. Dal Bhat, which is rice and lentil soup, is a common meal. Momos, which are like dumplings filled with meat or vegetables, are very popular too. The food is not just about eating; it is a way for families to sit together and share their day.

In Nepal, people wear special clothes that are part of their culture. Men often wear a dress called Daura-Suruwal and a cap named Dhaka Topi. Women wear beautiful long skirts called Gunyu Cholo. These clothes are not just for daily wear but also for special occasions to show respect to their culture.

In conclusion, Nepali culture is full of life, colors, and joy. It brings people together through festivals, food, and clothing. Even though it has many different parts, they all fit together to make the culture of Nepal special and interesting for everyone, especially for students learning about new places in the world.

500 Words Essay on Nepali Culture

Nepali culture is like a beautiful garden with many kinds of flowers. It is rich with traditions, art, festivals, and music. Nepal is a small country between China and India. Yet, it has a big heart filled with cultural treasures. People from different backgrounds live together in Nepal, sharing their customs and beliefs.

In Nepal, many languages are spoken. Nepali is the main language, but people also speak Maithili, Bhojpuri, and dozens of other languages. This shows how diverse the country is. Religion is a big part of life in Nepal. Most people follow Hinduism or Buddhism. The two religions mix in many ways, showing respect and peace among the people.

Nepal is known for its colorful festivals. Dashain is the biggest festival. It is a time when families come together, share food, and give blessings. Tihar, also known as the festival of lights, is another important celebration. People light up their homes and honor animals like dogs and cows. These festivals show the joy and kindness in Nepali culture.

Food and Cuisine

Food in Nepal is tasty and unique. Dal Bhat, a dish of lentils and rice, is eaten almost every day. Momos, which are dumplings filled with meat or vegetables, are a favorite snack. The food is not just about taste; it is also about bringing family and friends together to share a meal.

The clothes in Nepal are bright and beautiful. Women often wear sarees or a long skirt called a ‘gunyu cholo’. Men wear a ‘daura suruwal’, which is a shirt and trousers with a Nepali style. These clothes are worn with pride, especially during festivals and important events. They are a symbol of the Nepali way of life.

Music and Dance

Music and dance are important in Nepal. They tell stories of the land and its people. Traditional instruments like the ‘madal’ and ‘sarangi’ make music that touches the heart. Folk dances are performed during festivals. They are full of energy and smiles, showing the happiness of the Nepali spirit.

Arts and Crafts

Nepali arts and crafts are famous for their beauty. Paintings, pottery, and sculptures are made with great skill. Many of these items show scenes from religion and nature. They are not just things to look at; they are pieces of the soul of Nepal.

Nepali culture is a wonderful mix of people, traditions, and nature. It is like a colorful painting that tells a story of harmony and friendship. The culture is deep and alive, touching everyone who experiences it. It is a treasure that the people of Nepal share with the world, and it makes the country a special place full of warmth and beauty.

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Nepalese Culture

Core concepts.

• Companionship
• Interdependence
• Dependability

Nepal is a landlocked, mountainous country located between India and Tibet. It is well known for the impressive Himalayan range and deep valleys that shape the landscape. Nepalis have a reputation for being dependable and resilient people who can withstand difficult conditions. This was recently exemplified in the stoic national response following the devastating earthquake of 2015. Nepalis often exhibit patience and calmness, and are generally not overly dramatic people. Their tolerance has enabled many different faiths and ethnicities to coexist quite harmoniously. Much of Nepal’s culture is deeply steeped in tradition and religion. However, new values and ideas are being introduced to the general population in light of a new democratic political order.

Nepalis are generally deeply loyal to their citizenship and culture. They are very proud that their country has never been colonised, seeing this as a key distinguishing fact between them and India. The Gurkhas (Nepali soldiers) continue to be highly admired for their role in this regard1. Nepalis understand the worth and beauty of their land. The culture is enigmatic with many religious customs, rituals, festivals, processions and local secrets. Yet, people also share a sense of sadness regarding the widespread poverty and mismanagement of their country. Indeed, poverty is an undeniable social issue. This, coupled with an unstable political situation, means the primary ambition of most Nepalis is generally to secure a stable future for their family.

Nepal is largely underdeveloped with limited social services and public infrastructure. There are very few urban centres outside of the capital city of Kathmandu. An estimated 83% of the population live in rural areas (2011). The geographical isolation that the mountains create has generally led many villages to be secluded from outside influence, meaning many have retained quite a distinct cultural identity. Tribal and nomadic practices continue in many places. The diversity of customs and values between regions means Nepal cannot be broadly generalised. However, typically it can be observed that the more remotely situated a community is, the more visibly traditional their cultural practices will be. Meanwhile, those regions with access to better education are likely to have diverged from some aspects of traditional social customs. Kathmandu in particular is becoming very outward looking, drawing influence from across the globe. Recent cosmopolitan transformation is visible in fashion as traditional Nepali attire is now usually only worn in rural areas.

Social Hierarchies

Nepali culture is quite hierarchical and there is significant stratification between the poorest and the most powerful of society. People mostly accept these differences in social status as the natural order and defer to those who are older or who they perceive to have a high reputation. However, a person’s status and background is not always immediately evident in Nepal. For example, one may find that a fruit seller has a degree in business. As it can be difficult to assume someone’s status from their appearance, Nepalis commonly ask about one’s age, profession, education and family background to determine the correct level of respect to be shown. Westerners often find that they are deferred to a lot and treated with high regard as (relatively speaking) they are considered to be very wealthy in Nepal. Land ownership is also a common measure of status. However, one’s family reputation and status ( ijat ) is generally thought to be more important than material wealth. People are not expected to be respected because of their money, but rather their virtue. There is also a preference shown towards those who are educated or speak English. This being said, many Nepalis are gradually becoming more materialistic and money focused.

The Nepali awareness of status is also heavily influenced by the Hindu caste system . Although often classified under one term, the ‘caste’ system actually represents multiple overlapping systems of stratification. The ‘ varna ’ system divides society into four broad categories (varna) that are sometimes described as clusters of castes. These are the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Sudras. Each varna is considered to indicate a different level of ‘purity’ – with the Brahmins being the holiest/purest in Hinduism. Within each varna, there are more specific ‘ thar ’ categories that specify the social community one is born into and are often referred to in terms of vocation/employment. They are allocated and stratified into the varna system depending on the person’s social status. For example, occupations considered ‘dirty’ – such as cleaning or handling cow leather – are situated within the lower varna class of Sudra.

One’s caste traditionally determined the person’s line of work, position in the social hierarchy and defined ideas of self-worth. Despite it becoming illegal to discriminate on the basis of caste in 1962, the influence of this social stratification has remained. Some Nepalis may socialise and marry within their caste while others may even ostracise those belonging to subordinate castes. For example, they may not accept offers of food from someone of a low caste, believing it to be ‘impure’. Nevertheless, as Nepal modernises, the social constraints of the caste system are fading. In Kathmandu, for instance, where castes mix on a daily basis, the concern regarding others’ castes is diminishing. The younger generation is also particularly liberal and open towards all castes. One of the main agendas of the incoming government has been to recognise all castes.

Ethnic Demographic

People’s social distinction, be it their caste or ethnicity , plays a big role in informing their personal identity in Nepal. For example, many Nepalis use the name of their ethnic group or caste as their surname. An individual’s ethnicity is different from their caste. While one’s caste is usually indicative of occupation and family status, ethnic groups commonly share a distinctive language, ancestral home, religious tradition or form of social organisation.

The government has identified between 50 and 60 Nepali ethnicities (2011). Many of these are indigenous to Nepal and have origins as the original inhabitants of a certain region (e.g. the Tharu and Tamang people). Other ethnicities in Nepal, while not native, are often historical inhabitants of the areas. Some of the biggest ethnicities are the Brahmin-Chhetri, Magars and Newars.

The ethnic makeup of Nepal reflects the historical migratory patterns into the country from the North and South. Broadly, the castes and ethnicities can be broken down into two main groups: Tibeto-Burmans and Indo-Aryans. This differentiation between the two is not so much socially distinctive, but often visible in hereditary features that suggest distant ancestry. Indo-Aryans typically have similar appearances to their Indian neighbours in the South, whilst Tibeto-Burmans generally resemble Mongol or Tibetan people. Indo-Aryans are more populous and have come to dominate Nepal socially, politically and economically, while Tibeto-Burmans traditionally inhabit the mountains at very high altitudes. However, with increasing urban and overseas migration, the geographic differentiation between ethnicities is reducing.

Nepalis with foreign ancestry may have retained certain cultural influences that relate to their ancestral background. For example, those from India commonly follow Hinduism, whilst Tibeto-Burmans are generally Buddhist. However, these labels purely serve as a helpful way to categorise the origins of Nepal's ethnic diversity and don’t necessarily reflect Nepali people’s personal identity. People are unlikely to describe themselves as ‘Tibeto-Burman’ or ‘Indo-Aryan’. Every individual ethnicity has developed a strong and distinctive cultural identity. They often share a common language, belief or form of social organisation unique to their ethnic group.

Collectivism

Nepali culture is very collectivistic. Families may combine their assets in order for all members to be economically secure, and close friends perform favours for one another on a regular basis. This interdependence has been largely driven by necessity, as the government cannot always be relied upon to provide support. Instead, Nepalis tend to be deeply reliant on and loyal to their family and social group. It’s common for people to forfeit their own aspirations for the betterment of their entire family unit. For example, one person may work in very difficult conditions whilst sending remittances back to others. In rural areas and at high altitudes especially, people depend on their community for survival, and basic assets are shared communally. Village elders are often the authority figures of these communities. Those who are urban, educated and internationally exposed may be more individualistic in their outlook. However, given the underdeveloped status of Nepal, economic independence is still difficult to attain.

Friendship and Company

Most friendships have a strong significance and substance to people in Nepal. They are approached quite earnestly and are not usually shallow relationships that come and go quickly. There is a sense of graciousness that comes with sharing in another’s company; people are constantly “humbled” to meet others, have a guest or gain a new friend. Once the growth of a friendship begins, so too does an expectation of loyalty and reliability. People often reach out to friends for personal favours and support and may expect to be granted certain privileges (such as job opportunities) on the basis of the relationship.

Generally, Nepalis feel most comfortable when they are accompanied in whatever they do. They love companionship and are known to strike up conversation for little reason other than to talk. This aspect of Nepali culture makes it feel very warm and inclusive. People rarely go anywhere alone ( eklai ), particularly women. Those who are travelling alone can expect to be questioned out of curiosity as to why; solo travellers are usually sent off with a blessing and so are accompanied by the wishes and prayers of their family.

Purity and Fatalism

A deep moral and ethical awareness is interlaced into daily life in Nepal. This is influenced by religious values and beliefs, as well as cultural ideas of purity. They are deeply entrenched and ritualised in people’s diet and personal practice. Almost any action, object, job or person can be categorised as particularly ‘pure’ or ‘impure’. Nepalis can be quite reserved in their behaviour, acting modestly in accord with what is considered to be appropriate behaviour within these cultural guidelines.

The fundamental importance religion holds in many Nepalis’ lives also influences their approach to problem solving. It is common for people to take a fatalistic attitude, assuming the cause of problems to be the result of a god or spirit’s work. For example, witches are sometimes thought to be the cause of bad luck. This fatalism does not necessarily mean people are passive, waiting for things to occur at the will of a god. Nepalis generally work very hard until the point that they can do no more – from there, “what will be will be”. However, misfortunes are often attributed to an individual’s behaviour; for instance, bad health is commonly perceived to result from bad karma. Therefore, Nepalis are known to be quite stoic and tolerant in difficult situations as this explanation of problems can make them feel as if they somewhat deserve to suffer.

_____________________

1 The Nepali military played a famous role in fighting the British off.2 See the statistics on the side of this page for a list of different ethnic groups in Nepal.

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Nepalese Cultural Diversity

Nepal is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual and multi-cultural nation. Different languages and cultures exist in Nepal, which have made a rich unique national culture. It is, in fact, a matter of pride for all of us. Our national identity also depends upon this cultural and ethnic diversity. Nepal is, thus, known in the world as a country rich in cultural and ethnic diversity. This ethnic and cultural diversity, which is also known as the unity in diversity, is an important national heritage, which needs to be further strengthened. Thus, more attention and efforts are needed to promote and develop these languages and cultures on equal basis. The laws of the land prohibit discrimination on the ground of language and ethnicity and guaranteed equal treatment to all languages and cultures. However, some anomalies and contradictions do exist in translating these constitutional provisions into practice and the government is serious to ensure that there is no discrimination on the ground of caste, colour and cultures. The government has already announced the policy of providing primary education in the mother tongue of different ethnic communities to promote and develop all national languages. For this, textbooks on some ethnic languages have been prepared and more are in the process of being written. This is the achievement of the success of the Jana Andolan II that has created a new sense of enthusiasm in all sections of the society.

As a part of creating inclusive democracy, the Interim Constitution has had the provision giving due share in all sectors including bureaucracy and other decision making levels to women, different nationalities and faiths. The government has practically implemented these provisions from which the hitherto backward and marginalised communities have benefitted and got their representation in political and decision making level. The government has been working with full sensitivity to ensure ethnic and gender balance in all sectors. Similarly, efforts are equally underway to preserve and promote all languages and cultures so that Nepal could be developed as a genuine mosaic of all cultures and languages. These are positive efforts that would certainly have a far-reaching impact for the equal development of all ethnic, lingual and cultural communities in the country. Although the government is effortful, its efforts alone may not be sufficient. Thus, there should be equal efforts and contribution from all sectors for preservation and promotion of ethnic and cultural diversity. Now the constitution writing process is underway and the political parties are effortful to institutionalise the cultural diversity and promote all languages and cultures so that Nepal will continue to become a unique country .

Culture and Society of Nepal

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Exploring Cultural Diversity and Ethnicity in Nepalese Society

Article 12 Feb 2023 3965 1

Nepal is a small country located in South Asia, known for its stunning mountain ranges and diverse cultures. The country is home to over 125 ethnic groups, each with its own unique cultural practices and traditions. This rich cultural diversity has become a defining characteristic of Nepalese society and has played a significant role in shaping its culture, politics, and economy.

Role of Ethnicity in Nepalese Society

Ethnicity plays a crucial role in Nepalese society and has a significant impact on its culture, politics, and economy. With over 125 ethnic groups, each with their own unique cultural practices and traditions, ethnicity serves as a defining characteristic of Nepal and helps to shape its identity.

The diversity of ethnic groups in Nepal has resulted in a rich tapestry of culture and tradition. For example, the Newar community in Kathmandu is known for preserving their traditional Newari culture, despite facing challenges from modernization and globalization. Similarly, the Sherpa community in the mountainous regions is famous for their expertise in mountaineering and their unique cultural practices.

Ethnicity also plays a role in politics in Nepal, as different ethnic groups may have varying political ideologies and interests. This has resulted in ethnic-based political parties and movements, with some ethnic groups advocating for greater representation and equal treatment in society.

Furthermore, ethnicity affects the economy in Nepal, as different ethnic groups may engage in different industries and have different levels of economic prosperity. For instance, some ethnic groups, such as the Tamang, may be heavily involved in the tourism industry, while others, such as the Tharu, may be involved in agriculture.

Importance of Cultural Diversity Preservation in Nepal

The preservation of cultural diversity is essential for the continued success of Nepalese society. It helps to promote cultural heritage and provides a sense of identity for the people of Nepal. Cultural diversity also promotes tolerance and understanding between different ethnic groups, helping to prevent conflict and promoting peace.

Good practices in cultural preservation can also have economic benefits. For example, the Newar community in Kathmandu is known for preserving their traditional Newari culture, despite facing challenges from modernization and globalization. This preservation of cultural heritage has helped to attract tourists to the area, providing economic benefits for the community.

Cultural diversity is not just a matter of pride for a country, but it also has tangible benefits for its society, economy, and politics. In Nepal, preserving cultural diversity has been recognized as a priority by the government, as evidenced by the National Policy on Culture passed in 2010. This policy aims to promote and protect the country's rich cultural heritage and diversity, which has the potential to contribute up to 10% of the country's GDP through cultural tourism, according to a study by the Nepalese Ministry of Culture, Tourism, and Civil Aviation.

Moreover, cultural diversity brings different perspectives and ideas to the table, which can lead to innovation and progress in various fields. For example, the traditional knowledge and practices of different ethnic groups in Nepal have the potential to contribute to sustainable development and environmental conservation.

In addition, cultural diversity is essential for social cohesion and the promotion of mutual understanding and respect between different ethnic groups. It helps to promote a sense of belonging and can prevent ethnic conflict and division.

Challenges Faced by the Nepalese Government in Promoting Cultural Diversity and Preventing Ethnic Conflict

Challenges faced by the Nepalese government in promoting cultural diversity and preventing ethnic conflict are numerous. While the government recognizes the importance of preserving cultural diversity, it faces several obstacles in doing so. Some of the challenges faced by the Nepalese government include:

• Lack of Resources: Despite the recognition of cultural diversity as a vital aspect of Nepalese society, the government faces a lack of resources, both financial and personnel, in promoting and preserving cultural diversity.
• Resistance to Change: Some traditional and conservative members of society may resist changes aimed at promoting cultural diversity and may view these changes as a threat to their cultural heritage.
• Political Instability: Nepal has faced political instability and conflict for many years, making it challenging for the government to effectively address cultural diversity issues.
• Discrimination and Prejudice: Despite being home to numerous ethnic groups, discrimination and prejudice still exists in Nepalese society. The government faces the challenge of addressing these issues and promoting equality for all ethnic groups.
• Education and Awareness: The Nepalese government also faces the challenge of educating the public about the importance of cultural diversity and promoting understanding and respect for different cultures.

To overcome these challenges, the Nepalese government has implemented various policies and programs aimed at promoting cultural diversity and preventing ethnic conflict. These include the National Policy on Culture, which recognizes the importance of cultural diversity and promotes its preservation, and the establishment of cultural centers and museums across the country. Additionally, the government has launched education and awareness campaigns to educate the public about cultural diversity and promote understanding and respect for different cultures.

Success Stories and Examples of Cultural Diversity Preservation in Nepal

Despite the challenges faced by the Nepalese government in preserving cultural diversity, there have been some successful efforts and initiatives aimed at promoting cultural heritage and preventing the loss of traditional practices and customs.

One such example is the Newar community in Kathmandu. Despite facing challenges from modernization and globalization, the Newari culture remains strong and vibrant, with traditional Newari festivals, food, and architecture still widely celebrated and preserved.

Another example is the National Policy on Culture, passed by the Nepalese government in 2010, which recognizes the importance of cultural diversity and lays out plans for its preservation. This policy aims to protect and promote the country's rich cultural heritage, including its diverse languages, traditional practices, and art forms.

The Nepalese Ministry of Culture, Tourism, and Civil Aviation has also implemented several programs to promote cultural tourism, with a study by the Ministry indicating that cultural tourism has the potential to contribute up to 10% of the country's GDP.

In conclusion, while there are challenges to preserving cultural diversity in Nepal, there have been successful efforts to promote and protect the country's rich cultural heritage. As Bhanubhakta Acharya once said, "Unity in diversity is the strength of Nepali society," and preserving cultural diversity is essential for maintaining the strength and richness of Nepalese society.

Future of Cultural Diversity in Nepal

As the famous Nepalese poet Bhanubhakta Acharya once said, "Unity in diversity is the strength of Nepali society." The rich cultural diversity of Nepal is a defining characteristic of the country and plays a significant role in shaping its culture, politics, and economy. While there are challenges in preserving cultural diversity, the future looks promising as the Nepalese government and various communities work towards promoting and protecting their unique cultural heritage.

The future of cultural diversity in Nepal depends on a number of factors, including government policies, economic development, and social awareness. On the one hand, globalization and modern technology have made it easier for people to access new ideas and experiences, which can lead to the dilution of cultural practices and traditions. On the other hand, the growing recognition of the importance of cultural diversity has led to increased efforts to preserve traditional customs and values.

The Nepalese government has taken a number of steps to promote cultural diversity and prevent ethnic conflict. For example, in 2010, the government passed the National Policy on Culture, which recognizes the importance of cultural diversity and promotes its preservation. The government has also established cultural heritage sites and museums, and provided funding for cultural preservation projects.

However, the Nepalese government faces several challenges in preserving cultural diversity, including limited resources and limited public awareness of the importance of cultural preservation. In addition, ethnic conflict and political instability can also pose a threat to cultural diversity.

Despite these challenges, there is reason for hope. Many communities in Nepal are making an effort to preserve their cultural heritage, and there are a number of successful examples of cultural preservation efforts. For example, the Newar community in Kathmandu is known for preserving their traditional Newari culture, despite facing challenges from modernization and globalization.

Moreover, cultural tourism has the potential to play a significant role in promoting cultural diversity in Nepal. According to a study by the Nepalese Ministry of Culture, tourism, and civil aviation, cultural tourism has the potential to contribute up to 10% of the country's GDP. This suggests that there is a strong economic incentive for the government to promote cultural diversity and preserve cultural heritage sites.

In conclusion, the cultural diversity and ethnicity of Nepalese society play a significant role in shaping the country's culture, politics, and economy. The importance of preserving cultural diversity cannot be overstated, as it allows for the continuation of unique cultural practices and traditions, and has the potential to contribute significantly to the country's economy. The Nepalese government and various communities are working towards promoting and protecting cultural diversity, ensuring a bright future for the cultural heritage of Nepal.

By: fedada || Posted On: 2023-06-07 00:20:46

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Essay on My Country Nepal | 700+ Words

Essay on My Country Nepal | Paragraph Writing 600+ Words

My country is the land of diversity and is very unique. My country Nepal lies in the Southern part of Asia. It is surrounded by two powerful countries India and China and is landlocked. It has an area of about 147,516 sq. kilometers. Although small, my country is diverse both in terms of geography and culture. It is like a beautiful garden with many people from different backgrounds. It is a country with a variety of castes and cultures.

Nepal’s flag is also the most unique to the world. Our country’s flag stands out among the rest due to its shape. The colors and symbols of our flag also represent the country’s peace-loving and friendly nature, bravery, and immortal history.

In my country Nepal, we can find places with altitudes ranging from as low as 70 meters to the highest peak in the world 8848 meters. It is divided into 3 regions Terai, Pahad, and Himal with the temperature of the place varying from hot to cold. Each region has its own specialty. Nepal’s Himalayan regions have high and mighty mountain ranges that are breathtaking to look at. Out of the world’s top 10 highest peaks, 8 of them fall in my country Nepal.

For You: Essay on Importance of English Language 

The Hilly region is full of green hills and a very cool temperature to live in. It has many historical and religious places. Terai too is mostly a flat stretch of land with fertile soil. It is the granary of Nepal where most crops are grown. It is also an industrial region of our country.

The flora and fauna of my country are also very diverse. The difference in altitudes makes our country have various ecosystems. Foreigners from all over the world pay thousands of dollars just to see our country’s reach of flora and fauna, rivers, lakes, cliffs, waterfalls, snowcapped mountains, and many other beautiful landscapes. The natural beauty of my country Nepal is difficult to find in other places.

Our country also has sites of great religious and historical importance where thousands of pilgrims visit every year. Places like Pashupatinath, Muktinath, Lumbini, Swyambunath, etc are very popular. It is already a pride to have come from such a country.

Essay on My Country Nepal

Our country also ranks in the top 5 for water resources. For such a small country to have rich water resources it is a boon. If fully utilized we can provide electricity to other countries too. Important personalities like King Janak, Gautam Buddha, Arniko, Bhrikuti were also born in Nepal. They all carry historical and religious importance even up to date. Our country’s warriors and commanders are still known today for their bravery and courage. It is also the reason our country never has to celebrate independence day as we never were colonized.

Nepal is also blessed with people of different backgrounds and ethnicity. In the past, many people had migrated to Nepal and settled here and hence the diversity. My country Nepal is also secular and respects all religions equally despite the numbers. There are 126 castes in Nepal and behind them, every culture has its significance. Each culture has its unique festivals and traditions. People also celebrate each other’s festivals with great fun. Nepali people are known for their hospitality and friendliness too.

But even after nature blessing our country, we have not been able to fully utilize it. Problems such as corruption and political instability run deep in the country. Our natural resources are not being taken care of properly and our country is being poor day by day. People are rich but the country is poor. Poverty is also seen in our country. Lack of proper management of wastes has also polluted our water and slowly destroying our forests. This also means our plants and animals are slowly being extinct. Illegal hunting and farming of precious animals and plants are also ruining our ecosystem.

This is why to save our country from further danger and poverty proper management and a responsible leader are required. The citizens of our country should also feel responsible for the country and not only blame the leaders. Proper plans and policies should be required to protect our resources. Social evils such as discrimination should also be tackled. Conservative-minded people should be given awareness and strict punishments for corruption and other illegal acts should be given. Employment opportunities should also be created as many people are leaving the country for jobs abroad.

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Essay on Nepali Art and Culture with Geographical Information

1) Capital – Kathmandu 2) Currency – Nepalese currency 3) Official language – Nepali Language 4) Population – 2 crores and sixty lakh (according to the eleventh census)

Nepal has always been a special place for various people across the world in various ways. For some people it is the religious place where the light of Asia, Gautam Buddha was born, for some people, it is a country of historical art and architecture, for some, it is the country full of divine beauty and for some the country of great Gurkhas.

In every way, it is one of the best destinations for tourist around the world as one can see the perfect compilation of natural beauty, art, culture, and tradition. Nepal is a landlocked country situated in South Asia between China in the North and India in the South, East, and West.

Nepal reflects an extraordinary image of paradise. Although the country is relatively small (i.e. 147,181 square kilometers; 800 Km long and 200 Km wide) it is known as the roof of the world having Mount Everest, the world ’s highest peak in its territory. Almost 80% of  Nepal’s territory is occupied by the majestic Himalayas and has 8 out of the ten highest peaks in the world. Nepal is known for its exquisite natural beauty with the iconic Himalayas running across the Northern and Western part of the country.

However, apart from natural beauty wildlife diversity is a notable feature of Nepal. There are eight National Parks, four Wildlife reserves, and two conservation areas protecting and preserving a large variety of plants and animals. Wildlife tourism is one of the major sources of tourism in the country. There are some animal species that are unique to Nepal, such as Spiny Blabber, one-horned rhino, etc.

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The Spiny Blabber is a species of bird which belongs to the Leiothrichidae family was first found and introduced in Nepal by Miraj Adhikari. Similarly, there are 400 species of vascular plant which are endemic to Nepal. Of these, two, in particular, are orchids Pleione coronary and Oreorchis prophy ranches. Moreover, the most popular endemic plant in Nepal is rhododendron ( arboretum). It is also regarded as the national plant of the country.

Nepal is equally rich in its art and culture. The cultural heritage of Nepal has evolved over the centuries. The art and culture have been influenced by the religious beliefs, norms, and values of the country. One can find fine pieces of art in various part of the country. The two most typical forms of art is that of painting and sculpture.

Manuscript illustration on the palm leaves is the earliest example of Nepalese art in painting form. The influence that religion has on ancient artwork is assertive in the fact that such manuscripts are usually decorated with figures of divinities. Thanka Painting is another form of painting that is evident in Nepal since ancient times. These were used as icons in worship as they possess primary religious nature. These paintings are known as “Paubha” in Newari and “Thangka” in Tibetan and were originated in Nepal. A good example of Thangka Painting is the “ Mandala of Vishnu” which dates back to 1420 A.D.

Nepalese sculpture is a tradition which was derived out of the art of Gupta India and later influenced by Pala India. Furthermore, Nepalese artists created a unique style of their own. While the early sculpture was very simple, but those from the Lichhavi period were remarkably beautiful. These sculptures were composed of copper, stone, and bronze with slanted eyes and depict round face. Some pieces of this art can be still seen in the valley.

Geographically, Nepal is divided into three regions; The Himalaya to the North, The Mid- Hill and The Terai to the South. Himalayan region is the most attractive region of the country which covers 15% of the whole land and is decorated with an iconic range of snow-capped mountains for the entire year. The world’s highest mountain peak along with other numbers of the mountain over 6000 meter lies in this region.

Life is very tough here due to lack of cultivable land for plantation of crops and undeveloped infrastructures. The middle of the people living here is Sherpa, Lhomi, and Lopas. They follow Buddhism and Lhosar is their major festival which falls in Magh. Barter trade is a major occupation. Namche Bazar, Gosain Kunda, Muktikshetra, and Sinja are the most popular and religious places of this region.

Mid- Hill region covers 68% of the total land and is the densely populated region. The capital city of the country, Kathmandu along with the scenic city, Pokhara lies in this region. The region is considered the original heartland of Nepal. This region begins at the Mahabharata range with high hills and forest. The Newar were indigenous to the Kathmandu valley but spread into Pokhara and other towns alongside.

This region comprises of three amazing cities of great historical interest; Kathmandu, Lalitpur (Patan), and Bhaktapur. Newar along with Magar, Rai, Chhetri, Tamang are the inhabitants of this region. Dashain, Tihar, Mahashivratri are the major festivals by Hindu people living here.

Terai lies in the southern part of the country. It covers 17% of the total land. Terai possesses the most fertile land available in the country. The climate is tropical here and life is more comfortable in comparison to others. Most of the national parks and wildlife reserves lie in this region. Farming is the major occupation of people living here.

Terai supplies grains to the other part of the country and known as the granary of Nepal. Chhat, Holi, Eid etc. are major festivals of the people. The majority of the people of the Terai region are Hindus followed by Muslims.

Moreover, Nepal is a secular state having multicast, religion, and culture. There is no discrimination or conflict among people regarding different religion and culture.

Nepal is the perfect example of unity in diversity. There are religious tolerance and the feeling of brotherhood among people. They celebrate their festivals in their own way and live their own lifestyle. They respect each other’s customs, norms, and values. Nepal has a history of people adhering different religion living in harmony. Our own unique and traditional culture define us as Nepali.

Writer: Rashika Shreshta Pahari

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The Annual Kathmandu Conference on Nepal and the Himalaya – Kathmandu, Nepal

Panel: Nepali Diasporic Identity in the Context of Multiculturalism

With no history of indentured labour, or displacement caused by partition, or even of the trauma of colonialism; it may be easy to overlook the Nepali diaspora within the rubric of South Asian diasporic literature. If South Asian diaspora foregrounds multiple positioned identities and legitimises cross-cultural habitation; where and how does the Nepali diaspora fail to make its presence in this South Asian turf, both in academia and otherwise? What is Nepali diaspora and ‘Nepaliness’ (Nepalipana)? With such primary objectives, this three-member Panel would like to explore this poignant ambivalence within the Nepali diasporic citizens between the physical return to their homeland and the attachment to their new land of economic welfare and freedom through intersections between Multiculturalism and Diaspora in contemporary Nepali writers writing in English. Life threatening and poor working conditions, stolen wages, indignity and lack of compensation are some of the vagaries that every Nepali diasporic worker faces. Such trauma is best explored by contemporary Nepali writers writing in English whose works dabble with Nepali identity, space, home and nation. These writers include Manjushree Thapa, Samrat Upadhyay, Sushma Joshi, Rabi Thapa, Greta Rana, to name a few. This three-member Panel would focus on how with the onslaught of globalization and multiculturalism, construction of identity often becomes a vexed issue. Paper I titled ‘The Diasporic Imaginary in Contemporary Nepali Writings in English’ would adopt a qualitative and interpretative methodology to explore how these contemporary writers writing in English have highlighted the angst of being Nepali Diasporic citizens despite their immense contribution to both their home and host nations. Paper II titled ‘Nativisation of Nepali Identity in Manjushree Thapa’s Select Texts’ by Prayas Gupta will attempt to examine the writing technique of eminent author Manjushree Thapa who has added a new dimension to Nepali English Literature through the nativisation technique. This paper is an attempt to examine the practice of nativising techniques in Manjushree Thapa’s literary work which is a unique creative oeuvre. Paper III is titled ‘Tracing Cultural Identity in Diasporic texts of Samrat Upadhyay’ where the speaker Bhaskar Chettri will analyse noted Nepali writer Samrat Upadhyay’s writings as texts depicting ‘assimilation’ and ‘acculturation’ of cultures thereby adding a new depth to Nepali English literature. In these texts, the politics of difference and acknowledgement are examined in order to highlight the cultural diversity of Nepal and its people.  

Chair/Convener: Rosy Chamling, Head, Department of English,  Sikkim University, India Discussant:  (TBD) Paper 1.1: Author:  Rosy Chamling Affiliation:  Head, Department of English, Sikkim University, India Paper Title: The Diasporic Imaginary in Contemporary Nepali Writings in English

Abstract: The term ‘diasporic imaginary’ was coined by the Indian critic Vijay Mishra (Textual Practice: 1996) to suggest that the people who identify themselves as part of a diaspora are creating an imaginary space whereby their dreams and fantasies may get fulfilled denied to them in actual living. Diasporic citizens contribute to building multicultural societies and in this light multiculturalism assume the peaceful coexistence of different communities with equal civil and political rights. However, several right-wing European politicians across the world critique multiculturalism as a social policy as it is often deemed to challenge national homogeneity. Under such circumstances, there is a need to rethink diasporic identity vis-à-vis multiculturalism as most often the host nation does not provide a space or voice for the minoritised community. Similarly Nepali diasporic citizens have worldwide faced exploitation and ignominy. Consider the number of Nepali migrant workers exploited and killed in the construction of stadiums in Qatar for the mega sporting 2022 FIFA event; or the more recent incident of 30th December 2022 where the Nepali citizen Nirakar Pandey lost his life in Cambodia caused by a fire in a casino where he worked for, whose video he shared hours before he died, has caused the heartbreak of all Nepali speaking populace worldwide. Although, the country is still heavily dependent upon foreign remittances sent from abroad; Nepali migrants are looked upon as deserters of the national cause. National figures state the Nepali diaspora sent US $ 8.1 billion as remittance to Nepal in 2020, representing about 24% of Nepal Gross Domestic Product (The World Bank, 2020). The outbreak of Covid resulted in the decline of 5% in remittance receipt in 2022 compared to 2021, revealing how these foreign remittances do contribute to National development. This paper would also discuss how Nepali Diaspora still remains at the margins of South Asian Diaspora and how these texts are relegated to being just ‘minor texts’. It would also focus on how ‘Multiculturalism’ can be used to construct a culturally pluralist identity but have failed in its integrationist aspirations. Similarly, ‘Diaspora’ is used as a ‘trope for nostalgia’ (Soysal 2000: 13), and using the metaphors of roots, soil and kinship, Nepali identity can be seen to be fraught with tension. This paper would argue how contemporary Nepali writings in English are spearheaded by a group of foreign educated/settled Nepali writers who have themselves negotiated the conundrum of class, caste and gender to forge a distinct diasporic imaginary space whereby the Nepali identity can be interrogated.

Keywords:  Nepali Diasporic Imaginary, Identity, Multiculturalism, Minor Texts

Paper 1.2: Author:  Prayash Gupta Affiliation:  Assistant Professor, Sikkim Manipal University, India Paper Title: Nativisation of Nepali Identity in Manjushree Thapa’s Select Texts

Abstract: The nativisation process of local culture and identity is a visible phenomenon in English literature. The glocalisation of English literature is getting a higher fly with the evolution and rise of English literary figures from different cultural and national spectrums. The multicultural twist of the global society is adding a multicultural flavour to English writings; along with it, English literature is rapidly in the process of nativisation. In this regard, Nepali- English literature is also not exceptional. In recent times, the nativisation of Nepali identity and culture with the aid of Nepali words and usage in Nepali-English literature is not unknown. The growth of Nepali-English literary figures is promoting the practice of nativisation of English literature into the Nepali culture and identity. This trend is prominently visible in the text of Nepali-English writer Manjushree Thapa.

The paper attempts to investigate the writings of Manjushree Thapa, i.e., Seasons of flight (2010), All of Us in Our Own Lives (2012), and Tilled Earth (2016). In the selected text for study, and her other text like Mustang Bhot in Fragments (1992), The Tutor of History (2001), Forget Kathmandu (2005), The Lives we have lost (2011), and A Boy from Siklis (2013), Thapa centres her native land Nepal, and its citizens. Her writings portray multiculturalism in the period (post-1990s) when Nepal entered a democratic phase in a multicultural society with its ever evolving diasporic citizens striking roots in a globalised world. What makes her writings distinct is her employment of nativising technique which has made her one of the prominent writers of Nepali English writing. However, this aspect of her writing is sparsely addressed in the academic circle. Similarly, the entire discussion of the trend of nativisation of Nepali identity and culture in Nepali-English literature is found seldom referred to in scholarly discourse. This proposed work attempts to answer the pertinent questions i.e., (a). How does Manjushree Thapa construct a Nepali identity in her creative work? (b). How does Nativising Technique add to the definition of Nepali culture? Manjushree Thapa locates the chronicle of Nepal, its topographical description, its rich multicultural scenario, its customs, and traditions through her writing, highlighting distinct Nepali identity in her texts. The selected text for the study will be narratively analysed and interpreted along with other secondary sources. 

Paper 1.3: Author:  Bhaskar Chettri Affiliation:  PhD candidate, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, India Paper Title: Tracing Cultural Identity in Diasporic Texts of Samrat Upadhyay Abstract: The paper analyses three texts by an eminent diasporic author of Nepal, Samrat Upadhyay – Buddha’s Orphan (2010), Mad Country and Royal Ghost – from the outlook of cultural diversity and diaspora. The texts were published following Nepal’s declaration as a Federal Democratic Republic Nation. Upadhyay tracks the protagonists’ lives in Buddha’s Orphan over the course of nearly five decades, from the 1960s to 2010. In the background of a monarchical government, the evolution of a constitutional monarchy is explored. The political confrontation between the King and the Maoists, the assassination of the royal family, and its repercussions are all  described in the novel. The narrative also follows the cultural diversity and politics of acceptance and integration following the establishment of democracy. Raja, the protagonist of the novel, was abandoned by his mother after she committed suicide. The attraction between socially fortunate Nilu and the less fortunate Raja represents the dynamics of class society in Nepal. They meet up again in high school, fall in love, and finally move in together regardless of their differences. As their son dies because Nilu is unable to provide him with the required medical attention because of a political demonstration that blocked the road, Raja’s political interests and his participation in political rallies face a stinging irony. When their daughter travels to study in the USA, the transnational culture of that country is represented. Later, once his daughter stops all communication with them, Raja travels there in search of her. In Mad Country, through seven short stories and a novella, Samrat explores the recurring themes of animosity, racism, political power, and the disillusionment of love. The subject matter of the narrative includes Nepali culture in the USA, class dynamics in Nepal, and governmental corruption in the country. Upadhyay investigates political strife in Nepali society and its effects on the average citizen in Royal Ghost. The horrific Maoist insurgencies that have claimed thousands of lives serve as a backdrop as the text’s characters struggle with their commitments to their ageing parents, a strict caste system, and the challenges of being in an arranged marriage. The study will employ narrative interpretation and discussion as its methodology. The proposed work therefore aims to provide relevant answers to following queries: (a) How does Samrat Upadhyay, as a Nepali diasporic writer explore the theme of regime change in his texts? (b) How does the literary work by Samrat Upadhyay, when interpreted uncover the nuances of Nepali culture and society?

Four Short Essay & Paragraph On Country Nepal

Nepal is a small Asian nation. It is commonly referred to as the ‘top of the world.’ It is bordered on the south by India, on the north and east by China, and on the west by Tibet. Nepal is a term that signifies “country of Nepalis” or “our own country.”

Table of Contents

Short Essay And Paragraphs About Nepal In English

1. short paragraph on country nepal.

Nepal has a number of public holidays that are honored all year. Magh 8, May 28 (Democratic Victory Day), Janai Purnima, and Nwaran/Dashain/Tihar (Owls Festival), also known as Diwali in India, are among them. Dashain is Nepal’s most important festival, which is observed by all Hindus in Nepal and India as a victory over bad spirits. The Losar is another major Nepalese event (Tibetan New Year ).

Nepal’s geography is diversified, with lush plains, river valleys, high mountains, and rough highlands. Nepal is home to Mount Everest, the world’s highest peak. There are numerous attractive spots in the nation that draw tourists from all around the world. Mandu Valley, Pokhara, Lumbini, Kathmandu, and Chitwan National Park are among the most popular tourist sites in Nepal.

Nepal is a country that is rapidly developing. It was severely impacted by the recent ‘Great Earthquake,’ which killed over 8500 people and injured 22,000 more. The Nepalese government is providing all possible help to individuals who have sustained losses as a result of the earthquake.

This has created an opportunity for foreign assistance agencies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to provide relief and assist in rebuilding Kathmandu and other hard-hit districts. Many non-governmental organisations (NGOs) such as Save the Children, ActionAid International, Oxfam International, and others are working in various districts of Nepal to provide health care, food security, and housing assistance to women and children affected by the earthquake.

Nepal is a lovely country with a distinct culture and traditions. It is sandwiched between India and China. Nepal is located in the Himalayas and is home to Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world. Nepali and English are the primary languages. Among the religions are Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam.

2. Brief Essay on Nepal

Nepal is a small landlocked country located in South Asia, bordered by China and India. With a population of around 29 million, Nepal is known for its diverse culture and geography, which ranges from the Himalayan mountain range in the north to the tropical Terai region in the south.

Nepal is home to eight of the world’s ten highest peaks, including Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world. The country’s rugged terrain and high altitude make it a popular destination for mountaineers and trekkers from around the world. The diverse landscapes of Nepal, including the Himalayas, forests, and rivers, also make it a haven for outdoor enthusiasts, adventure seekers, and nature lovers.

The culture of Nepal is deeply rooted in its Hindu and Buddhist heritage. The Kathmandu Valley, the country’s cultural and historical heart, is home to several UNESCO World Heritage sites, including the Swayambhunath Stupa, also known as the Monkey Temple, and the Pashupatinath Temple, a sacred Hindu temple. Nepal is also famous for its traditional festivals, such as the Tihar festival, which is celebrated with the lighting of oil lamps, and the Dashain festival, which marks the victory of good over evil.

Despite its natural beauty and rich cultural heritage, Nepal is one of the poorest countries in the world, with a low per capita income and high levels of poverty. The country has been facing political instability and economic challenges in recent years. However, it is also a country that is resilient and hardworking, with a strong sense of community and hospitality.

In conclusion, Nepal is a small landlocked country located in South Asia, known for its diverse culture and geography. From the Himalayas to the tropical Terai region, the natural landscapes of Nepal are a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts and nature lovers. The culture of Nepal is deeply rooted in its Hindu and Buddhist heritage, and is reflected in its traditional festivals and UNESCO World Heritage sites. Despite its poverty, Nepal is a resilient and hardworking country with a strong sense of community and hospitality.

3. Essay on Nepali Language

Nepali, also known as Nepalese or Gurkha, is the official language of Nepal and is spoken by around 17 million people in Nepal and Bhutan, as well as by a significant number of people in India and around the world. Nepali is a member of the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family, and it is closely related to Hindi and Bengali.

Nepali is written in the Devanagari script, which is also used to write Hindi and Sanskrit. The script is made up of a combination of vowels and consonants, and it is read from left to right. The language has a rich vocabulary, and it has been heavily influenced by Sanskrit and other languages spoken in the region.

Nepali is a tonal language, which means that the meaning of words can change depending on the tone used to pronounce them. It has two tones, the high and low tone, which are indicated by diacritics above the letters.

The Nepali language has a rich literary tradition, and it has produced many poets, writers, and scholars. Nepali literature has a history that dates back centuries and it encompasses many genres, such as poetry, novels, and plays. The language has also been used in the field of education, and it is taught in schools and universities in Nepal and abroad.

Nepali is also a language of great cultural significance. It is spoken by many ethnic groups in Nepal, each with their own unique dialects, customs, and traditions. The language is a vital part of Nepal’s cultural heritage, and it is an important tool for preserving the country’s rich cultural diversity.

4. Essay on Nepali Culture

Nepali culture is a rich tapestry of diverse customs, traditions, and beliefs that have been shaped by the country’s history, geography, and ethnic diversity. Nepal is a small landlocked country located in South Asia, and it is known for its diverse culture and geography, which ranges from the Himalayan mountain range in the north to the tropical Terai region in the south.

One of the most important aspects of Nepali culture is its religious heritage. Nepal is predominantly a Hindu country, and Hinduism is deeply ingrained in the culture and daily life of Nepalese people. The country is also home to a significant Buddhist population, and the two religions coexist in harmony. The Kathmandu Valley, the country’s cultural and historical heart, is home to several UNESCO World Heritage sites, including the Swayambhunath Stupa, also known as the Monkey Temple, and the Pashupatinath Temple, a sacred Hindu temple.

Nepali culture is also known for its traditional festivals, which are celebrated throughout the year. The Tihar festival, also known as the festival of lights, is celebrated with the lighting of oil lamps, and the Dashain festival, which marks the victory of good over evil. These festivals are an important part of Nepali culture and bring communities together to celebrate, dance and feast.

Another important aspect of Nepali culture is its art and craft. Nepal is famous for its traditional handicrafts, such as pottery, weaving, and metalwork, which are produced by skilled artisans. Nepali art is also known for its intricate carvings, which can be found on temples and shrines throughout the country.

The Nepali language is also an important aspect of the culture, it is spoken by around 17 million people in Nepal and Bhutan, as well as by a significant number of people in India and around the world. It has a rich vocabulary, and it has been heavily influenced by Sanskrit and other languages spoken in the region.

In conclusion, Nepali culture is a rich tapestry of diverse customs, traditions, and beliefs that have been shaped by the country’s history, geography, and ethnic diversity. Religion, festivals, art, crafts, and language are some of the most important aspects of Nepali culture. Nepal is a small landlocked country located in South Asia.

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Essay on My Country Nepal

Akancha Chhetri

Content Writer | Updated: March 26, 2024 12:45 NST

Nepal is a landlocked country with highly diverse and rich geography, culture, and religions. It is situated in South Asia on the lap of the huge Himalayas surrounded by India in the east, south, and west and China in the north. It occupies an area of 147,516 sq. km . with an average of 193km wide from North to South and an average length (East to West) is 885km. It provides a variety of geographical structures owning a large number of natural gifts.

Geographically, Nepal is divided into three regions. The mountain regions, Hilly and Terai regions occupy about 15%, 68%, and 17% of the total area of Nepal respectively. Nepal owns many snow-capped lofty mountains. The highest peak in the world, Mt.Everest attracts thousands of tourists every year. For administrative purposes, Nepal has been divided into seven provinces, and the provinces are divided into 77 districts. the districts   are further divided into municipalities and rural municipalities.

The magnificent mountains in the north, undulating slopes, passes, swift-flowing crystal-like rivers, lakes, valleys, tars, etc are attractive things that identify Nepal as a piece of heaven. It has been a major choice of a large number of foreign tourists for the last few decades. The world's highest mountain Mt. Everest, called the roof of the world identifies Nepal throughout the world. It also possesses a lake at the highest altitude, the deepest gorge, and so on.

We are renowned around the globe for not only our natural heritage but also for our cultural heritage. The major heritages that are listed in the World Heritage List such as Lumbini, Chitwan National Park, Sagarmatha National Park and many more introduce us as prosperous people of small heaven. Moreover, one can see several temples, and Kathmandu is a city of temples.

It is the land that gave birth to world-famous persons. Gautam Buddha, the preacher of peace and founder of Buddhism, Prithivi Narayan Shah, the builder of modern unified Nepal. Tenzing Norgay Sherpa, the first human to reach the summit of Mt. Everest with Hilary, etc. were those who possessed to Nepal. Not only them, but brave soldiers such as Bal Bhadra Kunwar, Amar Singh Thapa, Bhimsen Thapa, and others demonstrated extraordinary bravery in preventing the British empire from colonizing Nepal.

Though Nepal is a multi-lingual, multi-cultural, multi-ethnic, multi-religious country, there has not been any conflict between any group in the name of language, religion, or ethnicity. the unity among diversity that is prevalent in Nepal proves that Nepalese are cooperative and peace-loving. It also inspires other nations to follow its people's harmonious unity. Nepalese people respect guests as their gods since there is a popular belief that  "Atithi Debo Bhawa". It is a strong example to prove that Nepalese are spiritually rich though they are economically poor. Nepalese people love freedom and democracy. That is why they have fought several times for democracy through their leaders deceiving them time and again. Recently, Nepal has been declared a republic country and promulgated a new constituent.

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Essay on My Country Nepal

Nepal is a beautiful landlocked (surrounded by land on all sides/ no access to sea) country located in South Asia. It is surrounded by China in the North and India on the other sides. The capital city of Nepal is Kathmandu. Nepal is known for its stunning mountains, natural beauties, as birthplace of Lord Gautam Buddha and brave peoples. It is diverse in geography, culture, religion and people. 

Nepal is a democratic nation. The total area of Nepal is 141,181 sq.km. It is divided into three different geographic regions: hill, mountain and terai. Terai occupies most of the land area and is good for agriculture. Hill and mountain regions are cold, snow covered regions with complex geography. These regions have poor vegetation but they are rich in natural resources and biodiversity. 

The population of Nepal is around 29 million. The people in Nepal are diverse. Nepal is a secular nation where people of 125 castes/ethnic groups, who speak 123 different languages and follow 10 different religions reside. Though the country is ethnically and culturally diverse, there is no dispute or conflict between the ethnic groups. All people respect each other and live a happy and simple life. Every festival and ritual are celebrated with joy and happiness. 

Nepal is basically an agricultural country. So most of the GDP of the country comes from agriculture. Many people from Nepal have gone abroad for the sake of income. Thus remittance also has a great role in the economy of Nepal. Beside these, tourism is also an important part of Nepal’s economy. Many people visit Nepal to explore and adventure. Natural beauty and cultural diversity has fascinated people to visit Nepal.

Nepal is a different world in itself. It is diverse in ethnicity, language and culture. The unity among the people is the strength of the nation. Though being a small nation it has set a leap in the world about its peculiarities. 

Also read: Essay on agriculture in Nepal

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Essay on My Country Nepal For Students

If there is a country’s flag that stands out among all other countries it is the flag of Nepal . Our flag is very unique and cannot be compared to other countries’ flags due to its shape. It also has a hidden meaning behind it which represents the country’s peace-loving and friendly nature, bravery, and immortal history.

My country Nepal is situated between two countries, India and China. Although it is sandwiched between international powers, conflicts have not happened between any, and peace remains. Nepal is a country of various castes and cultures. In other words, it is like a beautiful garden of flowers with people of different ethnicities and backgrounds.

My country Nepal is not only unique for its flag but also its geographical terrain, the variety of castes and cultures you can find, and the rich history of it. It is the land of various great places and important figures that people know far and wide. The temperature here spans from cool to hot and is a heaven for residing in.

There are about 126 castes in Nepal each with its own rich history and culture which makes Nepal a rich place for culture. Some dating back to the millenniums. Not only that, our country is very rich in its geographical terrain. From the lowest point of just 70 Meters from sea level to the world’s highest peak Mt. Everest (8848.86 meters) , we have temperature scales that vary from place to place. It is divided into three regions, Terai, Hilly, and Himalayas each according to their altitude and geographical differences.

Himalayan regions have high and mighty Himalayas that are breathtaking to look at. Out of the world’s top 10 highest peaks, 8 of them fall in my country. It is already a great pride to have come from such a country. The diverse flora and fauna, beautiful landscapes, lush and green jungles, historical and religious places in Nepal are enough to gather the attention of foreigners and locals too. People from all over the world pay thousands of dollars just to see our country’s snow-capped mountains, rivers, cliffs, waterfalls, other beautiful landscapes, the rich flora and fauna, and sites of great religious and historical importance. It just doesn’t end there.

📌 Read –   Essay on the Importance of English Language

Our country ranks in the top 5 for the richest in water resources. With just a small country with an area of 1,47,181 sq kilometers, it has the potential to fuel hydropower worth 2% of the entire world. It may look small in number but taking our country’s small area in context, it is a potential incomparable to all. The Terai region holds fertile land and smooth flowing waters that are excellent for farming and cultivating.

Nepal is also known as an agricultural country where 60% of the people here follow agriculture as their work. Our country also has huge historical importance. Gautama Buddha the founder and preacher of Buddhism which is practiced worldwide was also born in Nepal. Buddhism is known to preach peace and non-violence and to love everyone. King Janak is also an important figure who holds great importance to communities in Nepal.

Other personalities include Bhrikuti, Araniko, etc. Our country is also known for its bravery. Our country never has to celebrate Independence day as we were never under the rule of any other. We stood and fought against the Britans and other Mongol countries. Brave Gorkhalis were united after a long struggle and fought their way to preserve their country. The courage and bravery of Nepali people are also know world wide. Many brave Gorkhalis went to fight under countries in world wars and won various colors and medals. This brought our country so much respect that we even enjoy it for granted to date.

Although our country’s history, culture, terrains, and achievements make anyone feel proud, the power struggle for the politicians, previous kings, and presidents have made the country weak and fall in the developing country category. Our rich natural resources have not been utilized and we have fallen way behind. Corruption is widely prevalent in our country and the loans we have taken from other countries are in a large number. The amount of food and other materialistic consumption has made Nepal import more and export less.

Our country is poor but the people here are rich. This is because of the corruption and the illegal working/trading that has been done. The government has not made significant progress and the people aren’t responsible. Although I feel proud to be A Nepali, the condition of my country makes me feel bad. People should feel responsible and carry out their duties and not just complain about the government.

The government too should implement proper policies and rules and enforce them accordingly. Utilization of our natural resources should be done in an effective way and social evils such as discrimination according to castes and genders, other superstitions should be slowly removed. Centralized development should stop and we should control the people moving out to other countries with their skills that are wasted abroad. This way we can slowly develop our country.

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28 thoughts on “ essay on my country nepal for students ”.

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Nar Bahadur Saud – PhD student at the University for the Creative Arts (UCA) in the United Kingdom – reminds us that before the arts can support peace and justice, they too must recognise difference. His contribution centres on the need to empower and enable disabled people to express themselves through the arts, and that in doing so not only addresses the inequalities they face as individuals but will contribute to more equitable and peaceful societies.

About the Cultural Relations Collection

The Cultural Relations Collection was an essay series exploring research themes from arts and culture, education and the English language in the context of the work of the British Council around the world. Written primarily by early-career researchers, often in collaboration with British Council staff, the Collection examines what is meant by ‘cultural relations’ and how this approach has evolved in theory and practice over time. 

The essays offer concise, accessible and multi-disciplinary introductions to both what the British Council does and how we do it. Collectively, they foreground the benefits of locally-led and people-centred approaches that are grounded in values of mutuality and reciprocity. They also highlight the positive impact on connections, understanding and trust between people in the UK and countries worldwide that can be accrued when these approaches are built on long-term, sustained relationships with diverse partners and communities. 

Specific topics addressed through the Collection include peacebuilding, climate change, digital cultural relations, the Covid-19 pandemic, international development and soft power.

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मेरो देश नेपाल बारे निबन्ध | Essay on my country nepal in nepali

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Frida Kahlo narrates her life: ‘I’ve had high praise from Kandinsky, Picasso and other big shits of surrealism’

A sundance-honored documentary by peru’s carla gutiérrez uses letters, essays and interviews to convey the artist’s unease and pain.

Director Carla Gutiérrez admits that for decades, she was obsessed with the persona of painter Frida Kahlo . She grew up with her story, and like millions of others, felt a closeness with Kahlo’s art. At 19 years old, Gutiérrez, who is from Peru but who has lived in the United States for years, felt challenged by the work of the Mexican artist when she first beheld Kahlo’s painting Self-Portrait on the Borderline Between Mexico and the United States , in which, as a recent arrival from Latin America, Gutiérrez saw herself reflected, missing her homeland “desperately” and “navigating” a new world.

She immersed herself in the writings that Kahlo had left in her diary, her numerous letters, essays and interviews that were published by her era’s print media. It was through these texts, which were available and accessible by the public, that Gutiérrez realized that there were enough fragments of Kahlo’s voice for her to tell the artist’s story. “She left us hundreds of documents, written pieces. They are really a very rich testimony with emotional reactions to what was happening to her at that time. The documentary doesn’t include every detail of her life, what we really wanted was for the public to get to know her spirit, above all,” explains Gutiérrez in a videocall.

And so was born Frida , a documentary that took around a year and a half to finish, and received the Jonathan Oppenheim Editing Award at the most recent Sundance Film Festival. Its intimate and unabashed narration takes on subjects that troubled the well-known painter, such as her art’s transcendence, her relationship with Mexico and her spouse Diego Rivera, her desire to be a mother, sexual pleasure and the lifelong bodily pain from the after-effects of a train accident in her youth.

“The exhibition will open at the Pierre Cole Gallery, which according to what they tell me is among the best here [in Paris]. There was a huge number of people on the day of the opening. Big congratulations from Joan Miró. High praise from Kandinsky, and congratulations from Picasso and other big shits of surrealism , but those rich bastards didn’t want to buy anything. I don’t have the honor of belonging to the elite among the famous artists. The men are kings. It is they who run the world,” says a fragment read by the actress Fernanda Echevarría, who gives voice to Frida in the documentary. The excerpt speaks to the Mexican artist’s exasperation with surrealism during her visit to the French capital, organized by the writer and poet André Breton.

As in this example, Gutiérrez constructs a series of themes that give shape to the documentary, among which we find the frustration that Frida had with her physical challenges, her search for pleasure and her sense of oppression from being a woman of the time. How she spoke “in a very beautiful way” with her lovers about sex and how, in another moment, her fragility comes through when she writes in another text about the spontaneous abortion she underwent. The United States’s reaction when she accompanied Diego Rivera to work on his commissions for Edsel Ford and the Rockefeller family in Detroit and New York, respectively, how colors evoked her different states of mind, and even the love she felt for Mexico during the sad moments of her life.

“She spoke very loudly in her writings and we have to listen to her. For us, it was important that she guide us when it came to the emotional side. We felt as if we had given her the microphone and she did not want to let it go,” says the director.

The research process for the documentary, which debuted on March 14 and played at the Sundance Festival CDMX, included an authorized “raid” on the attic of Hayden Herrera, an art historian and biographer whose work on Kahlo has been the basis of many academic texts about the artist, beginning back in the 1980s. It was there that the film’s team found materials that Herrera had used for her book Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo (1983), on which the film adaptation starring Salma Hayek was also based, and which has been stored away for more than four decades.

“That research helped us to uncover the primary sources of Frida’s written work and offered us an even more complete understanding of her life. We also found transcriptions of complete interviews with people who had been very close to her. Some of those voices are in our film,” adds the director.

But the documentary, which is now available on Prime Video, looks to not just bring back Frida’s voice through her texts, but also give life to her images, those postcards from her era, and even some of her most representative works, like The Two Fridas (1939), Diego and I (1949) and Henry Ford Hospital (1932), to name a few. Gutiérrez and her team made a “risky” decision and added an animation process that accompanies the film’s footage in certain sections. They colorized certain black-and-white photos to make Frida’s paintings come to life and tell her story, a process led by designers Sofía Cáceres and Renata Galindo, and a soundtrack was created for the film by Michoacán composer Víctor Hernández Stumpfhauser.

“How does one dare to touch Frida’s art? For me, it was important to bring it to a cinematic space. I wanted the art to take on life within the telling of the story and to be able to guide the viewers’ eyes to a specific emotional content in her paintings, to create connection between them and the lived experiences that had inspired these creations. I felt that the explosion of color in her paintings was an opportunity. They were like another narrative voice,” Gutiérrez says.

The experienced editor and debut filmmaker’s documentary provides context for Frida’s success and mythology. In an oracle-like fashion, the artist even predicted, in a manner both cheeky and irreverent, the recognition that she would receive after she passed in 1954. “I think that after my death I’m going to be the biggest piece of shit in the world,” said the painter in one of the letters cited in the film.

Insecure, happy, sad, doubting, jealous, far from the pop icon that the world perceives her to be — this is how Frida is portrayed, listened to, conceptualized. “From her own fragility, more humanely. It’s as if you were seated in front of a person and it was your friend, telling you their secrets,” sums up the filmmaker.

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