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Descriptive Essay: My Country South Africa

South Africa is a country situated on the most southern tip of Africa cradled by the icy Atlantic Ocean on the west and the warm Indian Ocean on the south and east. The southernmost tip jutting out into the ocean is called Cape Aghulhas (Cape of Needles) and separates these two great oceans. To the north are Mozambique, Botswana, Namibia and Zimbabwe. South Africa encircles the independent kingdoms of Swaziland and Lesotho.

The 11 official languages are Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tswana, Tonga, Venda, Xhosa and Zulu. The three most spoken first languages are Zulu (22.7%), Xhosa (16%) and Afrikaans (13.5%). English is the language of commerce and science and is the first language of 9.6% South Africans. There are also semi-official and unofficial languages.

The unofficial languages of the Khoikhoi and San are in grave danger of extinction. They are the aboriginal peoples of South Africa and are physically distinct with an ancient culture founded on hunter-gatherer societies.

The country is made up of nine provinces Western Cape, Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, North West, Limpopo, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumulanga and Free State. The main cities are Durban (coastal Kwazulu-Natal), Johannesburg (inland Gauteng), Cape Town (coastal Western Cape) and Pretoria (inland northern Gauteng).

Population and Size

South Africa takes up four percent of Africa’s landmass i.e. 1 221 040 square kilometers making it three times bigger than Texas and five times bigger than Britain. This area is populated by about 52 million people.

Our first peoples were the San and Khoikhoi established for thousands of years before the arrival of the Bantu-speaking tribes who were established hundreds of years before the Europeans. The Europeans were sent by the Dutch East India Company and arrived at the Cape in 1652 to build a fort and start a garden for ships on the eastern trading route. Eventually, this route also brought slaves to the Cape until slaves were freed in 1833.

The Afrikaans speaking Boers, descended mainly from Europeans, trekked north and east to establish the Boer republics of Orange Free State and Transvaal. They did not want to be under British rule. After diamonds were discovered in 1867, and gold in 1876, a war broke out between Boers and British. In 1902, the Boers were defeated and in 1910 South Africa became a Union of 2 British and 2 Boer colonies.

The ANC was founded in 1912 but in 1936 black South Africans were expunged from the voter rolls. In 1950, more than 1 million black South Africans were forced from cities to rural areas and poverty.

In 1961, South Africa became a republic under the white supremacist Nationalists and the country was gradually weakened by internal black opposition and international boycotts. In 1990, this led to de Klerk releasing Mandela from 27 years in prison. In a 1992 referendum, white South Africans voted to support de Klerk’s negotiations and in 1994 the ANC won the first democratic election and Mandela became president on 10 May.

My country has experienced a tragic history but today, all South Africans strive equally for a better future and to maintain democratic values e.g. the country is united in preventing current President Zuma from restricting freedom of speech. Our biggest challenge is reducing poverty but this is possible due to tourism, mineral wealth and Johannesburg being the thriving power-house of business on the African continent.

http://www.edusouthafrica.com/south-africa.html http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0107983.html http://www.factmonster.com/country/profiles/south-africa.html http://www.southafrica.info/about/history/521109.htm#.UzKlhqiSzxI

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Essay on My Country

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The United States of America, a beacon of freedom and opportunity, stands proudly with its vast landscapes, diverse population, and a history rich with the pursuit of liberty and justice. Known as the land of the free and the home of the brave, the U.S. has cultivated a unique identity that has significantly impacted the world stage through its cultural, political, and economic influence. This essay explores the multifaceted dimensions of the United States, shedding light on its geographical diversity, historical milestones, cultural richness, political framework, economic prowess, educational system, and global influence, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of my country.

Geographical Diversity

Spanning across North America, the United States is the third-largest country in the world by land area. From the majestic peaks of Alaska’s Denali to the sun-kissed shores of Florida’s beaches, the country’s geographical diversity is unparalleled. It houses a variety of ecosystems, including vast plains, towering mountains, dense forests, and sprawling deserts. This diversity not only contributes to the country’s breathtaking beauty but also supports a wide range of flora and fauna, making it a hub for nature enthusiasts and scientists alike.

Historical Milestones

The history of the United States is a testament to the human spirit’s resilience and pursuit of freedom. Founded on July 4, 1776, with the Declaration of Independence, it marked the birth of a nation dedicated to the principles of liberty and democracy. The Civil War, the Civil Rights Movement, and the space race are just a few milestones that highlight the country’s journey towards becoming a more inclusive and progressive society. These events have not only shaped the national identity but have also had a profound impact on global history, promoting the ideals of freedom and equality.

Cultural Richness

America’s cultural landscape is as varied as its geography. Known as a “melting pot” of cultures, it has been shaped by centuries of immigration. This blend of cultures is reflected in the country’s music, art, literature, and cuisine, contributing to a rich cultural tapestry that is uniquely American. From jazz and blues to abstract expressionism and postmodern literature, the United States has been a crucible of artistic innovation. Furthermore, American holidays and traditions, such as Thanksgiving, Independence Day, and Halloween, are celebrated with great fervor, embodying the country’s spirit and values.

Political Framework

The United States is a federal republic and a representative democracy, with a political system designed to ensure checks and balances among the government’s executive, legislative, and judicial branches. This system, outlined in the U.S. Constitution, ensures that no single branch becomes too powerful, protecting citizens’ freedoms and rights. The country’s commitment to democracy and human rights has made it a leader on the global stage, advocating for democratic principles worldwide.

Economic Prowess

The U.S. economy, the largest in the world, is a symbol of innovation and entrepreneurship. It is characterized by its diverse industries, including technology, finance, healthcare, and manufacturing. Silicon Valley, Wall Street, and Detroit’s automobile industry are iconic representations of America’s economic sectors. The country’s economic policies and practices have often set benchmarks for the global economy, influencing international trade, investment, and economic development.

Educational System

The United States is renowned for its higher education system, home to some of the world’s most prestigious universities and research institutions. Institutions like Harvard, MIT, and Stanford are not just educational establishments but think tanks that contribute to global knowledge and innovation. The U.S. education system emphasizes critical thinking, creativity, and diversity of thought, preparing students to become leaders and innovators in their respective fields.

Global Influence

The United States’ influence extends beyond its borders, playing a pivotal role in international politics, economics, and culture. Its diplomatic policies, foreign aid, and military capabilities have a significant impact on global peace and security. American popular culture, through movies, music, and technology, has a widespread appeal, shaping global trends and lifestyles. Additionally, the country’s commitment to exploring space through NASA has inspired millions worldwide, pushing the boundaries of what is possible.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite its achievements, the United States faces challenges such as social inequality, political polarization, and environmental concerns. Addressing these issues requires collective action and a commitment to the principles upon which the country was founded. The U.S. continues to evolve, driven by its innovative spirit and the diverse aspirations of its people. The country’s ability to adapt and grow in the face of challenges is a testament to its resilience and dynamism.

In conclusion, The United States of America is a country of vast landscapes, rich history, and diverse cultures. Its commitment to freedom, democracy, and innovation has left an indelible mark on the world. As students and citizens, understanding and appreciating the complexities and contributions of our country can inspire us to work towards a more inclusive, prosperous, and sustainable future. The United States, with its endless opportunities and challenges, continues to embody the promise of a better tomorrow, urging us all to strive for greatness while upholding the values of liberty and justice for all.