application letter sample for zns

Letter Templates

application letter for zns recruitment sample

If you are looking for a job in the Zambian National Service (ZNS), one of the most important things you need is a great application letter. This is your chance to make a good impression on the recruiter and show them why you are the best candidate for the job. In this article, we will provide you with 7 examples of application letters for ZNS recruitment sample and helpful tips to make your letter stand out.

Your application letter is an essential part of your job application. It’s the first thing the recruiter will see, and it can make or break your chances of getting the job. In this article, we will provide you with examples of application letters for ZNS recruitment sample that you can use as a guide.

Writing an application letter for ZNS recruitment can be challenging, but with the right guidance and examples, you can make it easy. Our examples are designed to help you write a letter that showcases your skills, experience, and qualifications. You can use these examples as a template and edit them as needed to fit your specific circumstances.

7 Examples of Application Letter for ZNS Recruitment Sample

Example 1: applying for a military officer position.

Dear Recruiting Officer,

I am writing to apply for the Military Officer position in the Zambian National Service. As a dedicated and disciplined individual, I believe that I have the skills and qualities required to excel in this role.

My previous experience in the military has taught me the importance of teamwork, leadership, and attention to detail. I am confident that I can use these skills to contribute to the success of the ZNS.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Best regards,

Example 2: Applying for a Mechanic Position

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to express my interest in the Mechanic position in the Zambian National Service. With my extensive experience in vehicle maintenance and repair, I am confident that I can make a valuable contribution to the ZNS team.

My skills include a comprehensive understanding of vehicle engines, transmissions, and electrical systems. Additionally, I have a proven track record of working under pressure and meeting strict deadlines.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications with you further.

Example 3: Applying for a Nursing Officer Position

Dear Hiring Manager,

I am writing to apply for the Nursing Officer position in the Zambian National Service. As a highly skilled and compassionate nurse, I am confident that I can provide the highest level of care to ZNS personnel.

My experience includes providing care to patients with a variety of conditions, from minor injuries to life-threatening emergencies. Additionally, I have experience working in high-pressure environments and collaborating with other medical professionals to ensure the best possible outcomes for patients.

Grace Mwape

Example 4: Applying for a Cook Position

I am writing to express my interest in the Cook position in the Zambian National Service. With my extensive experience in preparing healthy and nutritious meals for large groups of people, I am confident that I can make a valuable contribution to the ZNS team.

My skills include a comprehensive understanding of food preparation and hygiene, as well as the ability to work well under pressure and meet strict deadlines. Additionally, I have experience working in high-pressure environments and collaborating with other kitchen staff to ensure the best possible outcomes for diners.

Joseph Banda

Example 5: Applying for a Legal Officer Position

I am writing to express my interest in the Legal Officer position in the Zambian National Service. With my extensive experience in the legal field, I am confident that I can provide the highest level of legal expertise to the ZNS team.

My experience includes providing legal advice to clients, drafting legal documents, and representing clients in court. Additionally, I have experience working in high-pressure environments and collaborating with other legal professionals to ensure the best possible outcomes for clients.

James Phiri

Example 6: Applying for an IT Officer Position

I am writing to apply for the IT Officer position in the Zambian National Service. As a highly skilled and experienced IT professional, I am confident that I can provide the best possible IT solutions to the ZNS team.

My skills include a comprehensive understanding of IT systems and software, as well as the ability to troubleshoot and provide technical support to users. Additionally, I have experience working in high-pressure environments and collaborating with other IT professionals to ensure the best possible outcomes for users.

Andrew Musonda

Example 7: Applying for a Finance Officer Position

I am writing to express my interest in the Finance Officer position in the Zambian National Service. With my extensive experience in finance and accounting, I am confident that I can provide the highest level of financial expertise to the ZNS team.

My experience includes managing budgets, preparing financial reports, and analyzing financial data. Additionally, I have experience working in high-pressure environments and collaborating with other finance professionals to ensure the best possible outcomes for the organization.

Charles Mwanza

Tips for Writing an Application Letter for ZNS Recruitment

Start with a strong introduction.

Your introduction should grab the recruiter’s attention and make them want to read more. Be sure to mention the position you are applying for and briefly explain why you are the best candidate for the job.

Showcase Your Skills and Experience

Use specific examples from your work history to demonstrate your skills and experience. Highlight your achievements and how they relate to the position you are applying for.

Be Concise and Clear

Avoid using complex language and long sentences. Keep your letter concise and to the point, and make sure your message is clear.

Proofread Your Letter

Before submitting your application letter, make sure to proofread it for errors and typos. Ask someone else to read it over as well to catch any mistakes you may have missed.

Follow the Instructions

Make sure to follow any instructions provided in the job posting, such as including specific information or formatting your letter in a certain way.

Be Professional

Your application letter is a formal document, so make sure to use a professional tone and avoid using slang or informal language.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: how long should my application letter be.

A: Your application letter should be one page long, with 3-4 paragraphs.

Q: Should I include my resume with my application letter?

A: Yes, you should include your resume with your application letter.

Q: Can I apply for more than one position at once?

A: Yes, you can apply for multiple positions. However, make sure to tailor your application letter to each position you are applying for.

Q: Do I need to include my qualifications in my application letter?

A: Yes, you should include your qualifications in your application letter.

Q: Can I use a template for my application letter?

A: Yes, you can use a template as a guide, but make sure to customize it to fit your specific circumstances.

Q: How soon can I expect to hear back from the recruiter?

A: The timeframe for hearing back from the recruiter can vary, but it’s usually within a few weeks of submitting your application.

An application letter for ZNS recruitment is an important part of the job application process. By following these tips and using our examples as a guide, you can create a letter that showcases your skills, experience, and qualifications and helps you stand out as a top candidate for the job.

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Zambia National Service – ZNS Recruitment Advert

The Zambia National Service (ZNS) is inviting prospective candidates wishing to join the service to look out for the recruitment advert here .  Zambia National Service (ZNS) does not charge any citizen wishing to join the military wing because it is every Zambian’s right to apply for employment with ZNS .

The acceptable mode of application for the ongoing Zambia National Service Recruitment is a handwritten application letter attached with the required documents . There is no online application form. Applicants are to send their application letter via Zampost or express Mail or the Following Addresses ;

Table of Contents

Professionally Qualified Entrants (Officers)

Join a Challenging Career under Zambia National Service as an Officer as a Professional Qualified Entrant Candidates must possess the following qualifications:

Must be a holder of a Degree, Advanced Diploma, or equivalent in the following fields below;

• Agriculture (Crop Science
• Veterinary Doctor
• Livestock (Animal Science)
• Aquaculture (Fisheries)
• Agriculture Engineering
• Civil Engineering
• Water Engineering
• Geometric Engineering
• Quantity Surveyors
• Environmental Engineering
• Architecture
• Structural Engineering
• Stores Management
• Project Management
• Production Management
• Business Administration
• Specialized Medical Doctors
• General Surgeon
• ENT Specialists
• Orthopedic surgeon
• Specialized Clinical officers
• Anaesthesia
• Ophthalmologist
• psychiatrist
• Specialized Registered Nurses
• Critical care

Direct Entrants Recruits ( Regular Soldiers)

• Must be Zambian and possess a Green National Registration Card.
• Must have At least six (06) credits at Grade 12 level or its equivalent which should include English, Mathematics, Science, and any other science subject.
• Grade 12 full certificate must be by the Examination Council of Zambia (ECZ)
• Should be between 18 and 25 years of Age .
• Must have a minimum height of 1.6 meters for males and 1.57 meters for females .
• Must be single without Children
• Must have no criminal right record
• Must be willing to undergo military training
• Must be Physically, medically, and mentally fit .

Tradesmen/Women

• Grade 12 full certificate must be by the Examination Council of Zambia (ECZ) .
• Should be between 18 and 34 years of Age
• must have a minimum height of 1.6 meters for males and 1.57 meters for females .
• Must have a Diploma, Craft Certificate, or equivalent .

How to Apply for Zambia National Service (ZNS)

Those interested should apply in their handwriting and send the application letters together with verified photocopies of Qualifications and Certified National Registration cards to the recruiting officer at the underlisted Provincial Zambia National Service Officers.

ZNS Recruitment Addresses

Lusaka province.

Zambia National Service,

Chamba Valley Headquarters camp, Munali Road,

P.O Box 32251, Lusaka.

Southern Province

Land Development Branch,

P.O Box 630072, Choma

Muchinga Province

Zambia National Service, Land Development Branch

P.O Box 480224, Chinsali.

Luapula Province

P.O Box 710301. Mansa

Eastern Province

Zambia National Service, Land Development Branch,

P.O Box 510156, Chipata.

Central Province

P.O Box 80435, Kabwe.

Copperbelt Province

P.O Box 70153, NDOLA

Northern Province

P.O BOX 4101331, KASAMA

North Western Province

P.O Box 110011 Solwezi

Western Province

P.O Box k042, Mongu

ECZ  e-Payment Procedure for Verification of Results and Payment  

ZNS Application Deadline

The Zambia National Service Recruitment closing date for applications will be on 21 November 2022.

• You are to mark behind the envelope the category you applying for Regular Or Professionally Qualified Entrant OR Direct Entrants Recruits (Regular Trades Men and Women)
• Multiple applications will result in disqualification. No application should be delivered to Zambia National Service Headquarters opposite Pamodzi hotel .

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Home » Blog » ZNS Recruitment 2024/2025 Application Form Portal

ZNS Recruitment 2024/2025 Application Form Portal

Zambia National Service Recruitment 2024 … Do you wish to apply for Zambia National Service Recruitment 2024? If yes, then this informative article is for you. You will be given detailed information about Zambia National Service Recruitment, Requirements, and How To Apply.

Zambia National Service has been undergoing massive recruitment intake annually for the past years. We’ve received numerous requests from aspirants on various platforms yearning for legitimate information about the Zambia National Service application form and guidelines for 2024-2025. Many applicants have been asking us questions like;

• How Can I Apply For ZNS Recruitment 2024?
• Where Can I Obtain The 2024 Zambia National Service Form?
• Is The Zambia National Service 2024 Recruitment Form Out?
• When Will The Zambia National Service Recruitment Start?

Keep reading this article as you will find answers to the above queries.

The Zambia National Service abbreviated as ZNS is part of the Zambian Defence Force whose primary objective is to train Zambian citizens in agriculture and craft skills. It was formed in 1963 as a Land Army before it was renamed to Zambia National Service.

Mistake To Avoid While Applying For ZNS Recruitment

A lot of people fail in many applications not because they are not qualified, but because of the numerous mistakes they make. So take note of the following:

• Apply on time, do not wait for the deadline.
• Do the application processes alone, don’t send anybody to avoid mistakes in your data
• Keep yourself updated concerning the application
• Make sure you supply all the necessary requirements
• Take time to cross-check your details before submission.
• Candidates are to apply for one job position, Candidates who attempt to apply multiple times will have their application disqualified
• The online application is free.

IMPORTANT! The Zambia National Service recruitment does not require you to pay any money for its application form, it is highly prohibited and anyone demanding money from you in the form of quick entrance into the ZNS recruitment should be reported, ZNS recruitment is totally free.

ZNS Recruitment Requirements

These are the mandatory requirements for eligibility.

• Be a Zambian Citizen
• Certified by government medical personnel to be physically and mentally suitable for appointment in services
• Don’t suffer any physical or mental disability
• Must be of good character
• The registration and selection process is free of charge.

General Competencies

• He/she must be a person of integrity, demonstrate excellent interpersonal skills, and be a team player;
• Strong managerial skills, including motivating, developing, coaching, and leading team
• Demonstrated high ethical standards;
• Competent and organized;
• Excellent communication skills;
• Ability to work in a team-modulated and collaborative environment.

IMPORTANT! The Zambia National Service (ZNS) Application Form 2024 is not yet out online, DISREGARD any form of advert you come across. This page will be updated immediately after the form is out.

What’s your take on this? We believe this article was helpful, if yes, don’t hesitate to share this information with your friends on Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, and other Social Platforms.

Comments (45)

Trackback URL | Comments RSS Feed

More updates

More update please

Helpful and thanks very much

Helpful and thanks very much. Update us soon before deadline.

Very helpful Thanks

More updates please

It was helpful and when are we going to be updated

Any new updates

any new updates please

Am ready for zns training

It was helpful

When is the recruitment

Am more interested to join ZNS, keep updating on application form

it was very helpful and educative, am very much interested. am ready for the training.

Am very interested to join ZNs

When are the requirements?

Any recruitment updates will be appreciated

More updates The info was helpful appreciated

Good morning when will recruitment commence

Helpful indeed, just waiting for the recruitment to commence.

Please kindly inform us once the forms are out we are interested

Very helpful we need more updates

Very helpful and we need more updates

Very helpful and we require more details and updatesim already interested

Thanks for the update

Notes are very helpful and am very much ready to be recruited

How can I join zambian army website

Noted and am much interest to join zns keep on updating us

Please update me during the recruitment.protecting my country is my portion.i completed my secondary level Grade 12 and obtain a full grade 12 certificate and I have a driving license C1 and lead to under go military training.

Thank you for the update

Would like to be updated.when you leank an applications

Rita mulenga P.O box 32251 Lusaka Zambia 21 October 2022. Call:0770531833 Dear sir/madam RF: APPLYING FOR CIVIL SERVANT in Zambia nation service My name is Rita mulenga,I completed my grade twelve in 2016 and I want to be a responsible citizen to be come a soldier in Zambia nation service I promise not to disappoint you with my work but do my best to save under the military,I hope you will consider my appreciation. Yours faithfully Rm Rita mulenga

Interested to join zns

Would like to be updated when you leank an applications for recruitment

Would like to be updated when you link out application forms

thanks for the information as it has shed more light and i wish to be updated on time as the online application form will be out

please update us as quickly as possible

Please notify me wen recruiting start for(zns)or wen the online application form is out

I’m interested

Looking forward to that day

Very helpful and ready to join ZNS

Very helpful.

Dear sir or madam RE: Application for Zambia army Recruitment. Iam an energetic Zambian male who would like to submit a letter in order to apply for the trainings in the recruitments.I am a hard working Zambian male who has positive attitude towards work. I would like to assure you that I will be regular on duty to sincerely and faithfully provide my service as required.I have a certificate in Leadership and Team Work. Your consideration will be highly appreciated.thank you.

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An application form

Learn how to fill in an application form.

Do the preparation task first. Then read the text and tips and do the exercises.

Preparation

MultipleSelection_MjI1Nzg=

Library card application

I declare the information provided is correct.

Signature  Mike Esposa-Hernandez

Date 03/07/2018

Your checklist

Have you got everything you need?

[ ✔ ] a passport photo

[ ✔ ] a copy of my passport or other photo ID

[ ✔ ] proof of address

Your card will be issued within 15 days and sent to the address provided.

1. It's a good idea to write in capital letters so it’s easy to read, except for your email address and signature.

2. For dates, in the UK we usually write them DD/MM/YYYY (day-month-year). So, for 1 September 2018 you write 01/09/2018. In the United States it is MM/DD/YYYY so you write 09/01/2018.

3. If you don't understand every word on the form, don't panic. You can probably guess what information you need to write. Ask someone for help if you need to.

What was the last form you filled in?

Language level

The last application that i filled is job application. I looking forward to a new job, cause i want quit to my current company and open up new oppurtinities

• Log in or register to post comments

It was when I tried to get passport . Sorry about that I don't remember the exact date and time . 

There were so many information that I had to fill in application form including Name , Date of Birth,

Name of family and many more.

The last form I filled was to start using a trial of a software I used to work.

Thanks for the lesson.

Great site.

hi The last application form was filled out before three months, when i needed to get a license card for my car.

The last form that I have filled is my online English Class. I do not need to fill much information. All I need is my first name, surname, my age, my telephone number, my email and my address.

Hello, the last form i filled was an application for a job

The last form I filled in is produce survey. My manager want to know our product have matching with customer's demands so that he make the form and ask us to evaluate about color, design, style, pattern.... We have to make that twice a year because we have two season to produce items for customer.

People usually fill in form for something as library card or something that they need. But I'm different to them. I make an applicetion for fun=))). I haven't needed to borrow any books or any things because my mother is a staff in a big library so I don't have to write anyword to borrow a book. Only I was just answer my mother about how long I will use it and my mother'll fill the applicetion form instead of me. But, perhaps i haven't fill in it, I don't know how it was. And now, i'm studying to make an application form

It's sounds interesting, but it was form for library. Recently I changed place of my live. I work as Test Engineer and I needed some book for my work. Next to my house locates small library. I went to the library and first thing that I needed to do - was the application form. After I filled this form I got a plastic card and my book for electronics.

The last form I fill was a application form for high school.

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• Career Planning
• Finding a Job
• Cover Letters

Sample Cover Letter for a Job Application

What Is an Application Letter?

What to include in your application letter, tips for writing a cover letter, cover letter sample and template, email cover letter sample.

• How to Send an Email Application

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Alex Dos Diaz / The Balance

What's the best way to write a letter to apply for a job? Your letter should detail your specific qualifications for the position and the skills you would bring to the employer. What’s most important is to show the employer that you’re a perfect match for the job.

Your job application letter is an opportunity to highlight your most relevant qualifications and experience. An effective cover letter will enhance your application, showcase your achievements, and increase your chances of landing an interview.

Review what to include in a job application letter, tips for writing that will get your application noticed, and examples of cover letters and email messages to send when applying for a job.

Key Takeaways

• An application letter accompanies a resume and may be uploaded to a job portal, sent via email, or even sent by postal mail, depending on the employer’s requirements.
• Application letters are an ideal way to show your interest in a job and highlight your most relevant skills.
• It’s important to match your letter to the job description and show the employer you have the qualifications they are seeking.

A   letter of application, also known as a  cover letter , is a document sent with your resume to provide additional information about your skills and experience to an employer. Your letter of application is intended to provide detailed information on why you are an ideal candidate for the job.

Your application letter should let the employer know what position you are applying for, what makes you a strong candidate, why they should select you for an interview, and how you will follow up.

Effective application letters explain the reasons for your interest in the specific organization and identify the most relevant skills that qualify you for the job.

Unless an employer specifically requests a job application letter sent by postal mail, most cover letters today are sent by email or attached as a file in an online application tracking system.

As with all cover letters, a job application letter is divided into sections:

• The heading includes your name and contact information.
• A  greeting  addressed to a specific person, if possible.
• The introduction includes why the applicant is writing.
• The body discusses your relevant qualifications and what you have to offer the employer.
• The close thanks the reader and provides contact information and follow-up details.
• Your  signature to end the letter .

Here’s how to ensure your application supports your resume, highlights your most relevant qualifications, and impresses the hiring manager.

Get off to a direct start.  In your first paragraph, explain why you are writing. Mention the job title, company name, and where you found the job listing. While you can also briefly mention why you are a strong candidate, this section should be short and to the point.

Offer something different than what's in your resume. You can make your language a bit more personal than in your resume bullet points, and you can tell a narrative about your work experience and career.

Application letters typically accompany resumes, so your letter should showcase information that your resume doesn't.

Make a good case.  Your first goal with this letter is to progress to the next step: an interview. Your overarching goal, of course, is to get a job offer. Use your application letter to further both causes. Offer details about your experience and background that show why you are a good candidate. How have other jobs prepared you for the position? What would you bring to the role and the company? Use this space to  emphasize your strengths .

Close with all the important details.  Include a thank you at the end of your letter. You can also share your contact information and mention how you will follow up.

This is a sample cover letter.  Download the cover letter template  (compatible with Google Docs and Word Online) or see below for an email sample.

The Balance

John Donaldson 8 Sue Circle Smithtown, CA 08067 909-555-5555 john.donaldson@email.com

September 6, 2023

George Gilhooley LTC Company 87 Delaware Road Hatfield, CA 08065

Dear Mr. Gilhooley,

I am writing to apply for the programmer position advertised in the Times Union. As requested, I enclose my certification, resume, and references.

The role is very appealing to me, and I believe that my strong technical experience and education make me a highly competitive candidate for this position. My key strengths that would support my success in this position include:

• I have successfully designed, developed, and supported live-use applications.
• I strive continually for excellence.
• I provide exceptional contributions to customer service for all customers.

With a BS degree in computer programming, I have a comprehensive understanding of the full lifecycle of software development projects. I also have experience in learning and applying new technologies as appropriate. Please see my resume for additional information on my experience.

I can be reached anytime via email at john.donaldson@email.com or by phone at 909-555-5555.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to speaking with you about this employment opportunity.

Signature  (only if a hard copy letter)

John Donaldson

The following is a sample email cover letter to send as part of a job application.

Email Application Letter Example

Subject: Colleen Warren - Web Content Manager Position

Dear Hiring Manager,

I'm writing to express my interest in the Web Content Manager position listed on Monster.com. I have experience building large, consumer-focused, health-based content sites. While much of my experience has been in the business world, I understand the social value of this sector, and I am confident that my business experience will be an asset to your organization.

My responsibilities have included the development and management of website editorial voice and style, editorial calendars, and the daily content programming and production for various websites.

I have worked closely with health care professionals and medical editors to provide the best possible information to a consumer audience of patients. I have also helped physicians use their medical content to write user-friendly and easily comprehensible text.

Experience has taught me how to build strong relationships with all departments in an organization. I have the ability to work within a team, as well as cross-team. I can work with web engineers to resolve technical issues and implement technical enhancements. 

I am confident working with development departments to implement design and functional enhancements, monitor site statistics, and conduct search engine optimization.

Thank you for your consideration.

Colleen Warren colleen.warren@email.com 555-123-1234 www.linked.com/colleenwarren

How to Send an Email Application Letter

If sending your cover letter via email, list your name and the job title you are applying for in the  subject line  of the email:

Colleen Warren - Web Content Manager Position

Include your contact information in your email signature but don't list the employer's contact information.

Do you have to write a cover letter when you apply for a job?

Some employers require cover letters. If they do, it will be mentioned in the job posting. Otherwise, it’s optional but it can help your chances of securing an interview. A cover letter gives you a chance to sell yourself to the employer, showcase your qualifications, and explain why you are a perfect candidate for the job.

How can you use a cover letter to show you’re a qualified candidate?

One of the easiest ways to show an employer how you’re qualified for a job is to make a list of the requirements listed in the job posting and match them to your resume . Mention your most relevant qualifications in your cover letter, so the hiring manager can see, at a glance, that you have the credentials they are looking for.

CareerOneStop. " How Do I Write a Cover Letter? "

Simple Application Letter

Nowadays, there are already a lot of highly-skilled and qualified individuals that may take the work position away from you in a blink of an eye. You can get higher chances of being considered for the next levels of recruitment or even for actual employment if you will ensure that all the documents and other requirements asked by the employer are already prepared even before the actual date of your application. One of the things that you need to write is an application letter. If you have no idea on how you can come up with a simple yet impressive job application letter , browse through the downloadable examples that we have collected for you.

Simple Application Letter Template

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New Application Letter Example

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Cover Letter for Work Application Example

Size: 160 KB

Writing Suggestions That Can Help You Get the Attention of Employers

Job application letters in PDF or in any other software should be created in a business-appropriate and formal manner. As one of the application requirements that are thoroughly reviewed by employers, you should make sure that you can create an outstanding application letter. Listed below are a few writing suggestions that will allow you to positively get the attention and approval of employers.

1. Ensure that the first paragraph of your application letter is already impressive and engaging. Be straight to the point when discussing your desire to apply for a particular work post. A specific discussion of the purpose of the application letter is important to be a part of your opening paragraph. Also, the first paragraph may contain the details on where you found the hiring opportunity. You may also see email cover letter examples .

2. Start gathering proofs and evidences that you can discuss on your second paragraph. Supporting details that can further make you desirable as a candidate can help you a lot when it comes to taking a step ahead from your competitors.

3. If there is a need for a third paragraph, come up with a summarized discussion of your deliverable. You can present your strengths that are usable for the job position that you are applying for. These items include your technical skills, communication skills, talents, abilities, and strengths. Within this discussion, make sure that you will not repeat the information that you have already included in your professional resume .

4. Discuss how the application can be mutually beneficial. Do not just state what you can get from the business like potential professional growth and additional work experiences. You also have to identify the ways on how the business can utilize and maximize your deliverable for their advantage. You may also like business proposal letter examples .

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How Can an Application Letter Affect Your Work Application

Aside from employment, application letters can also be used in different purposes. You can use this letter if you want to be a member of a club or an organization. You can also be tasked to create an application letter if you want to be considered for a scholarship grant. There are different examples of writing a simple application letter  depending on the purpose that the document will serve.

In the professional and corporate industry, application letters play a vital role in the processes of work application as it allows the candidate or an applicant to provide more information about him or her. These added information can also improve the chances of getting hired. Here’s how having a well-formatted, precise and properly planned application letter impact your work application:

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Even if you can easily create an application letter all by yourself, you still have to be aware of a few guidelines that can make the application letter more relevant and effective. Some of the tips that you can incorporate in the processes that you will implement when writing an application letter are as follows:

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3. Evaluate the final application letter. Review all the areas of the formal letter from your grammar, the formulation of your discussion, the details that you have put together, and the appeal of the format or layout that you have selected.

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• Always depend the content of the application letter to the job position that you want to be hired for. Irrelevant information can negate the purpose of having an application letter.
• Browse through application letter examples in PDF, DOC  or Excel. Having these as guides can help you create an application letter that can be highly-beneficial for your application.

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Create Your Application Letter Now

Look into your purpose and objective within the entire processes of developing an application letter. Always stick to the fact that an application letter is created for reasons that are related to the improvement of your application. At the end of the day, your application letter should be able to do the following:

• Properly introduce you and your potential to your employer
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Having an end goal in mind, which is to be hired, can give you the drive to develop a great application letter. Even if this document will not assure that you will be employed in your target company, creating an application letter in the best possible way that you know how can make you more prepared and more confident for your application. You may also see reference letter examples .

Make an application letter now and see how our examples and tips can be helpful in your undertaking. May it be an email cover letter or any other kinds of application letters for specific work positions, having the basic knowledge and references about application letter writing can already give you the lead advantage.

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Improving the Performance of ZnS Photocatalyst in Degrading Organic Pollutants by Constructing Composites with Ag 2 O

1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China; moc.liamtoh@ulq_uynauqed (D.Y.); moc.liamtoh@uiqiakiep (P.Q.); moc.liamtoh@1202gnocnafgnem (F.M.); moc.liamtoh@ulqmehcnfq (Q.N.)

Fancong Meng

2 School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China; moc.361@lpldglq

Xiaoyan Cong

3 Jinan Kuoda Biological Technology CO., LTD, Jinan 250107, China; moc.liamtoh@adouknayoaixgnoc

Qingfen Niu

Associated data.

Data supporting this study are available within the article.

ZnS is a promising photocatalyst in water purification, whereas its low photon efficiency and poor visible-light response restrict its application. Constructing composites may help solve these problems. In this work, Ag 2 O was introduced to ZnS for the first time based on their energy band characteristics to form a novel ZnS/Ag 2 O composite photocatalyst. In the model reaction of degrading methylene blue, the as-designed catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity among a series of ZnS-based composite photocatalysts under similar conditions. The catalytic rate constant was up to 0.138 min −1 , which is 27.4- and 15.6-times higher than those of ZnS and Ag 2 O. This composite degraded 92.4% methylene blue in 50 min, while the ratios were 31.9% and 68.8% for ZnS and Ag 2 O. Catalytic mechanism study based on photoluminescence and radical-scavenging experiments revealed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the composite structure of ZnS/Ag 2 O. The structure not only facilitated the separation and transmission of photogenerated carriers but also extended the light response range of the catalyst. The as-designed ZnS/Ag 2 O composite is promising in degrading organic pollutants in water.

1. Introduction

Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is a promising photocatalyst which has broad applications in environmental fields, especially degrading organic pollutants and water purification [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. As a typical n-type semiconductor, ZnS has received increasing attention, owing to its more negative reduction potential under irradiation [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. However, improving its catalytic activity is hindered by two challenges: Poor visible-light response for its wide band gap [ 13 ] and low photon efficiency for its rapid electron-hole recombination [ 14 ]. To solve these problems, many strategies have been explored [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Among them, combining different types of semiconductors to form composites can improve the transmitting efficiency of photogenerated carriers and extend the spectral response range [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Therefore, compositing appropriate semiconductors is an effective approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity of ZnS.

Silver oxide (Ag 2 O), a p-type semiconductor with a narrow band gap, has been widely used as an antibacterial material, colorant, preservative, and electrode material [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. It has also been a promising photocatalyst since Wang et al. [ 28 , 29 ] discovered its photocatalytic activity. Subsequently, a series of Ag 2 O-involved composites have been reported, such as TiO 2 /Ag 2 O [ 30 ], ZnO/Ag 2 O [ 31 ], Bi 2 WO 6 /Ag 2 O [ 32 ], and g-C 3 N 4 /Ag 2 O [ 33 ]. Benefitting from the efficient carrier separation of composites and extended light response range due to the narrow band gap of Ag 2 O, these composites display higher photocatalytic activities than respective components. Therefore, combining n-type semiconductor ZnS with p-type semiconductor Ag 2 O to form a composite may elevate the activity of pristine ZnS.

Herein, Ag 2 O was introduced to ZnS for the first time based on respective energy band characteristics. A novel ZnS/Ag 2 O photocatalyst was constructed and synthesized by a simple chemical precipitation method. The as-designed photocatalyst was composed of n-type semiconductor ZnS and p-type semiconductor Ag 2 O, exhibiting higher catalytic activities than pristine ZnS or Ag 2 O toward degrading the model pollutant methylene blue (MB). Furthermore, the composite exhibited a high-rate constant of 0.138 min −1 , indicating a high catalytic activity among a series of ZnS-based photocatalysts under similar conditions. Catalysis mechanism study of the enhanced activity revealed that the ZnS/Ag 2 O composite not only facilitated the separation and transmission of photoelectrons and holes but also extended the light response range of the photocatalyst. The as-designed ZnS/Ag 2 O composite is a promising photocatalyst for degrading hazardous organic pollutants in the water purification application.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. chemicals.

Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O, A.R.), thiourea (CH 4 N 2 S, A.R.), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, A.R.), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH, A.R.) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (SCRC, Beijing, China). Silver nitrate (AgNO 3 , A.R.) was supplied by Sigma Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). All chemicals were used without further purification. Aqueous solutions were prepared using deionized water.

2.2. Synthesis of ZnS Broccoli-Like Microspheres

ZnS broccoli-like microspheres were synthesized through the hydrothermal process. In a typical process, a certain amount of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 (0.1 M), CH 4 N 2 S (0.3 M), and 0.05 g PVP were mixed together, and stirred for 30 min. The suspension was transferred into a Teflon-lined autoclave and kept at 120 °C for 12 h. The final products were collected by centrifugation, washed with ethanol, and deionized water for several times. Then, the products were dried in an oven at 60 °C for 6 h. The products obtained under other temperatures were synthesized under corresponding temperatures while keeping other conditions consistent.

2.3. Synthesis of ZnS/Ag 2 O Composite

In a typical process, 0.2 g as-prepared ZnS was dispersed in 50 mL deionized water, and 0.117 g AgNO 3 was added to the suspension. After vigorous stirring for 30 min, a certain amount of 2 M NaOH was added dropwise to the suspension until it reached a pH of 14. Then, the composite was collected by centrifuging at 5000 rpm. The composite was then washed with deionized water and dried at 60 °C. In addition, the pristine Ag 2 O was synthesized through a similar approach at room temperature, which was used as a contrast sample.

2.4. Characterizations of Samples

The crystallographic phases of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Bruker D8 Advance X-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker Corp., Billerica, MA, USA) with Cu-Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å). Morphological observations were performed by a Hitachi S-4800 field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM, Tokyo, Japan). The diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) were recorded by a Shimadzu UV-2600 spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere, using BaSO 4 as the reflectance standard. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were obtained by an Edinburgh FLS920 fluorescence spectrometer (Edinburgh Instruments Ltd., Livingston, England) under an excitation wavelength of 325 nm.

2.5. Photocatalytic Activity Tests

The photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared samples were evaluated in terms of the model reaction of degrading MB. The 300 W xenon lamp (PLS-SXE300UV, Perfectlight Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) was positioned 10 cm away from the cuvette and was used as light source to trigger the photocatalytic reaction. In a typical test, 0.05 g of a certain sample was dispersed into 100 mL MB solution (10 mg/L) with magnetic stirring. The suspension was stirred constantly in the dark for 1 h to achieve the absorption equilibrium before irradiation. The residual concentration of MB was determined by UV-2600 UV-Vis spectroscopy (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan).

3. Results and Discussion

Figure 1 shows the XRD patterns of the as-prepared ZnS, Ag 2 O, and ZnS/Ag 2 O composite. From the XRD pattern in black, it is evident that all the diffraction peaks can be well-indexed to the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnS (JCPDS 80-0007), with characteristic diffractions of the (100), (002), (101), (110), (103), and (112) crystal planes. The pattern in red can be assigned to the Ag 2 O in cubic phase (JCPDS 43-0997). The typical peaks in good crystallinity of Ag 2 O can be clearly identified as (111), (200), (220), and (311) facets. For the ZnS/Ag 2 O composite, the XRD pattern is composed of two sets of characteristic peaks, which are the hexagonal ZnS and cubic Ag 2 O phase. In addition, there is no characteristic peak relevant to another phase, which demonstrates the high purity of the product. Therefore, the as-prepared typical sample is indeed a composite composed of ZnS and Ag 2 O.

XRD patterns of the as-prepared ZnS, Ag 2 O, and ZnS/Ag 2 O composite. Standard XRD peaks of ZnS (JCPDS 80-0007) and Ag 2 O (JCPDS 43-0997) are marked.

The details of morphology and microstructure of as-prepared ZnS, Ag 2 O, and ZnS/Ag 2 O composite were studied by SEM. Figure 2 a,b show the typical images of pristine ZnS at different magnifications. As-prepared ZnS are shown as broccoli-like microspheres with an average size around 3–4 μm. Moreover, the microspheres had rough surfaces, providing a plenty of sites for Ag 2 O to nucleate and grow and facilitating the formation of the ZnS/Ag 2 O composite. Figure 2 c displays an SEM image of pristine Ag 2 O which has a morphology with irregular aggregation of lots of nanoparticles with a diameter about 200–300 nm. Figure 2 d,e exhibit the morphology of ZnS/Ag 2 O composite at different magnifications. The morphology of ZnS was not affected and still maintained the original broccoli-like microspheres after composition with Ag 2 O. The Ag 2 O nanoparticles were uniformly covered on the surface of ZnS microspheres, constituting the ZnS/Ag 2 O composite. In addition, EDX spectrum of ZnS/Ag 2 O composite was acquired simultaneously with SEM, as displayed in Figure 2 f. The characteristic X-ray peaks of Zn, Ag, S, and O can be found without other element emerges, revealing the elemental composition of the composite.

( a , b ) SEM images of ZnS at different magnifications, ( c ) SEM image of Ag 2 O, ( d , e ) SEM images of ZnS/Ag 2 O composite at different magnifications, ( f ) EDX spectrum of ZnS/Ag 2 O composite.

To explore the law of morphology evolution, condition control experiments on morphologies were carried out. Among these influencing factors, temperature showed more obvious regularity. Figure 3 a displays the ZnS microspheres obtained at a temperature of 90 °C while the other experiment conditions were kept identical to the typical sample (120 °C). The as-obtained product was mainly ZnS microspheres with plenty of nanoparticles. The diameter of the microspheres was around 3 μm. As the temperature increased to 150 °C ( Figure 3 b), the morphology of the product did not change significantly, remaining spherical. However, the proportion of ZnS microspheres decreased while that of the nanoparticles increased. Besides, the diameter of ZnS microspheres became uneven. In Figure 3 c, at a temperature of 200 °C, there were no separate ZnS microspheres in the product. Agglomerates emerged that were composed of ZnS microspheres, and the shape of the ZnS microspheres became blurred and uneven in size.

SEM images of ZnS obtained at different temperatures: ( a ) 90 °C, ( b ) 150 °C, ( c ) 200 °C.

To investigate whether the introduction of Ag 2 O improved the light absorption properties of ZnS, UV-Vis DRS and derived Tauc plots were acquired to obtain the band gap energy for the ZnS, Ag 2 O, and ZnS/Ag 2 O composite. As-obtained plots are shown in Figure 4 a. The absorption edge of pristine ZnS was around 340 nm in the UV region, while the pristine Ag 2 O exhibited strong light absorption performance both in the UV and visible light regions, which is ascribed to its much lower energy for band gap transition. Combining the light absorption properties of ZnS and Ag 2 O in UV and visible light regions of 300–800 nm, the ZnS/Ag 2 O composite achieved a great elevation in light absorption in visible light regions, forming an obvious contrast to pristine ZnS. Figure 4 b shows the Tauc plot of the three samples. The band gap energy of semiconductors can be obtained from the x -axis intercept of the extended line. From the graph, the band gap energy values for the ZnS, Ag 2 O, and ZnS/Ag 2 O composite were determined to be 3.52 eV, 1.80 eV and 2.85 eV, respectively, which suggests that the band gap energy of ZnS was greatly reduced after introducing Ag 2 O to ZnS to form the composite. In particular, the band gap energy changed from 3.52 eV to 2.85 eV. The results demonstrate huge improvement by the introduction of Ag 2 O, which led to a higher photon efficiency and extended the light response range of the composite.

( a ) UV-Vis DRS spectra and ( b ) Tauc plots of ZnS, Ag 2 O, and ZnS/Ag 2 O composite to show their band gap energy values.

For photocatalysts, PL spectrum is crucial because it is related to the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. High fluorescence intensity means that there will be less carriers involved in the photocatalytic reaction, resulting in a low quantum efficiency of catalysts. Under the exciting wavelength of 325 nm, PL spectra of pristine ZnS and ZnS/Ag 2 O composite were obtained, as shown in Figure 5 . The ZnS showed two strong emission peaks at 423 nm and 472 nm. For semiconductors, two emission peaks were observed, corresponding to interstitial and trapped surface state emission, respectively. The emission peak at 423 nm is evidence of sulfur vacancies due to the recombination of electrons from shallow trap state to the sulfur vacancies, which is consistent with the results reported previously [ 34 ]. The emission peak centered at 472 nm can be attributed to the zinc vacancies in ZnS lattice. After the addition of Ag 2 O, the fluorescence intensities of ZnS/Ag 2 O composite decreased greatly, indicating that photogenerated electrons and holes can rapidly migrate between ZnS and Ag 2 O, thus suppressing the recombination of carriers.

PL spectra of ZnS and ZnS/Ag 2 O composite.

The photocatalytic activity of obtained ZnS/Ag 2 O composite was evaluated by the model reaction of degrading MB under UV-Vis irradiation. For comparison, tests of ZnS and Ag 2 O were also conducted under the same condition. Before irradiation, the solution of MB was stirred evenly with certain catalyst in the dark for 60 min to achieve the absorption-desorption equilibrium. The original UV-Vis spectra data of the three typical samples recorded at different time during the tests are plotted in Figure 6 . The data exhibit the overlapped UV-Vis absorption spectra with a major peak at 664 nm, which indexed to the characteristic absorption peak of MB. In Figure 6 a, the peak of MB decreased slowly and was catalyzed by ZnS, and the MB was degraded 31.9% in 50 min. However, as shown in Figure 6 b, the Ag 2 O catalyst showed a faster degradation rate than ZnS. The peak at 664 nm decreased by 68.8% within the same time, whereas the ZnS/Ag 2 O composite exhibited the highest activity. The concentration of MB decreased rapidly, and 92.4% of MB was degraded in 50 min. The results demonstrate that the ZnS/Ag 2 O composite had a better performance than both of its components. The superior performance of the photocatalyst can be attributed to the improved visual light response of the composite and its higher photon efficiency.

UV-Vis absorption spectra of MB in the presence of ( a ) ZnS, ( b ) Ag 2 O, and ( c ) ZnS/Ag 2 O composite recorded at different time during the photocatalytic tests.

Figure 7 shows the degradation profiles of MB at 664 nm as a function of time. To quantitatively compare the catalytic efficiencies of the above samples, kinetic calculation was carried out. In terms of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, degradation can be regarded as a first-order reaction at low MB concentration. Hence, the fitting calculation of degrading kinetics can be simplified to be linear. Besides, this reaction satisfies the apparent first-order reaction rate equation: ln (C/C 0 ) = − k ·t, where k is the apparent rate constant of first-order reaction, and ln (C/C 0 ) is a function of irradiation time t. Based on this simplified model, relevant fitting results were obtained, as summarized in Figure 7 . The calculated k values of ZnS and Ag 2 O are 0.049 min −1 and 0.024 min −1 , respectively, while that of ZnS/Ag 2 O composite is 0.138 min −1 , which is 27.4- and 15.6-times higher than those of ZnS and Ag 2 O. The reaction cannot proceed without a catalyst under UV-Vis irradiation. The results demonstrate that the as-produced ZnS/Ag 2 O composite has a greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to pristine ZnS and Ag 2 O.

( a ) Photocatalytic degradation profiles of MB at 664 nm as a function of time. ( b ) Linear fittings of degrading kinetics under different catalytic conditions.

To further evaluate the composite photocatalyst we designed, some relevant reports were retrieved to assess similar catalytic systems for horizontal comparison. All of the selected catalysts used composite photocatalysts with ZnS as the main body, and the catalytic degradation of MB was used as the model reaction to investigate the ability to purify organic pollutants in water. Table 1 lists the catalytic activities of some representative ZnS-based photocatalysts with crucial catalytic properties. The rate constant of the catalyst reported in this work is also listed at the bottom of the table to facilitate horizontal comparison. It can be clearly seen that the as-prepared ZnS/Ag 2 O composite has a high-rate constant among a various of photocatalysts, indicating that it has higher photocatalytic activity than most existing photocatalysts. Therefore, it can be concluded that as-designed ZnS/Ag 2 O composite is a promising candidate in the field of wastewater purification.

A series of representative ZnS-based photocatalysts in various structures and corresponding catalytic rate constants in the reaction of degrading MB.

1 The data of rate constants in s −1 were all converted into min −1 for convenience to compare.

In addition, the recyclability of ZnS/Ag 2 O composite in MB degradation reaction under UV-Vis irradiation was studied, as shown in Figure 8 . After three successive cycles, the sample retained nearly consistent photocatalytic efficiency without apparent deactivation, indicating that the ZnS/Ag 2 O composite is stable during the degrading process.

Recycling performance of the ZnS/Ag 2 O composite for degrading MB.

To reveal the photocatalytic mechanism, the main active species in the MB degradation reaction were investigated. Radical scavengers, such as benzoquinone (BQ), ammonium oxalate (AO), tertiary butanol (TBA), and AgNO 3 , have been used to scavenge superoxide radical anions (•O 2− ), holes (h + ), electrons (e − ), or hydroxyl free radicals (•OH) respective [ 35 , 36 ]. From Figure 9 , the addition of TBA had no obvious influence on the degradation of MB, implying that •OH are not the primary active species. When BQ and AgNO 3 were added, the reaction rates were dramatically decelerated, indicating that •O 2− has a crucial role in the photocatalytic process (O 2 + e − → •O 2 - ). Besides, the addition of AO also remarkably suppressed the reaction, suggesting that h + is involved in the degradation process.

Photocatalytic degradation of MB by the ZnS/Ag 2 O composite alone and with different radical scavengers.

Based on the above results, a possible mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnS/Ag 2 O composite was proposed ( Figure 10 ). The activity of a semiconductor photocatalyst mainly depends on the oxidation-reduction potentials of the valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB). Fermi level (E f , dashed line in Figure 10 ) is the chemical potential of thermodynamic equilibrium. Before n-type semiconductor ZnS and p-type semiconductor Ag 2 O formed the composite, their Fermi levels had different potentials. When the ZnS/Ag 2 O composite is formed and irradiated by UV-Vis light, the photogenerated electrons are transferred from ZnS to Ag 2 O due to the initially higher CB potential of ZnS until the quasi-Fermi level (quasi-static equilibrium) is generated [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. This causes the energy bands of ZnS to shift downward and those of Ag 2 O to shift upward, eventually making the Fermi levels of the two components equal. Because the Fermi level of ZnS is close to CB but that of Ag 2 O is close to VB [ 39 ], the final CB position of Ag 2 O is higher than that of ZnS [ 41 ]. Therefore, the photogenerated electrons transfer from Ag 2 O to ZnS, driven by the potential difference. Then, the photogenerated electrons reduce the surface chemisorbed O 2 to form oxidizing species •O 2 − , which can degrade MB into small molecules [ 41 , 42 ]. Conversely, photogenerated holes on the VB of ZnS can be transferred to Ag 2 O, which can be consumed to oxidize MB directly. In addition, pristine ZnS has a poor ability for visible-light response due to its high band gap energy. Ag 2 O, having a much lower band gap energy, can effectively extend the spectral response range to visual light, elevate the photon efficiency, and improve the activity by forming a composite with ZnS. Therefore, the photocatalytic performance can be greatly enhanced because photogenerated electrons and holes are more efficiently generated and transferred by the ZnS/Ag 2 O composite.

Mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the ZnS/Ag 2 O composite.

4. Conclusions

In summary, a novel photocatalyst composed of n-type semiconductor ZnS and p-type semiconductor Ag 2 O was designed and constructed by a simple chemical precipitation method. The as-obtained ZnS/Ag 2 O composite exhibited a high photocatalytic activity and favorable stability among a series of similar ZnS-based composite photocatalysts toward degrading MB. The catalytic rate constant reached up to 0.138 min −1 , which is much higher than pristine ZnS or Ag 2 O. Results of catalytic mechanism experiment revealed that the enhanced catalytic activity can be attributed to the efficient separation and transmission of photogenerated carriers and extended light response range brought about by the narrow band gap of Ag 2 O. The as-designed ZnS/Ag 2 O composite is a promising photocatalyst for removing hazardous organics from wastewater due to its high performance.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, D.Y., H.F. and H.L.; Data curation, D.Y., H.F., H.L., S.W. and Q.N.; Funding acquisition, H.L.; Investigation, D.Y., P.Q., F.M., P.L. and X.C.; Project administration, H.F., H.L., S.W. and T.L.; Visualization, P.Q., F.M., P.L. and X.C.; Writing – original draft, D.Y. Writing—review & editing, H.F., H.L. and Q.N. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 51402157, and the project of the outstanding scientific research innovation team plan for universities of Shandong province.

Data Availability Statement

Conflicts of interest.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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