a speech about ubuntu

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When former president of the United States, Barack Obama, made a speech earlier this year in Johannesburg — at the 2018 Nelson Mandela annual lecture — he said that Mandela “understood the ties that bind the human spirit.” 

“There is a word in South Africa — Ubuntu — that describes his greatest gift: his recognition that we are all bound together in ways that can be invisible to the eye; that there is a oneness to humanity; that we achieve ourselves by sharing ourselves with others, and caring for those around us,” Obama said. 

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“Umuntu Ngumuntu Ngabantu” or “I am, because you are” is how we describe the meaning of Ubuntu. It speaks to the fact that we are all connected and that one can only grow and progress through the growth and progression of others.

Ubuntu has since been used as a reminder for society on how we should be treating others. 

Nelson Mandela once said : “A traveller through a country would stop at a village and he didn’t have to ask for food or for water. Once he stops, the people give him food, entertain him. That is one aspect of Ubuntu but it will have various aspects."

This example of the concept of Ubuntu shows the exact “oneness” Obama describes in his speech. As a society, looking after one another plays a major role in the success of humanity.

Mandela is the true definition of Ubuntu, as he used this concept to lead South Africa to a peaceful post-apartheid transition. He never had the intention of teaching our oppressors a lesson. Instead, he operated with compassion and integrity, showing us that for us to be a better South Africa, we cannot act out of vengeance or retaliation, but out of peace.

Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu, who led the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 1996, also touched on the meaning of Ubuntu and how it defines us as a society. 

“We think of ourselves far too frequently as just individuals, separated from one another, whereas you are connected and what you do affects the whole world,” he said. “When you do well, it spreads out; it is for the whole of humanity." 

This is exactly what Ubuntu is about, it’s a reminder that no one is an island — every single thing that you do, good or bad, has an effect on your family, friends, and society. It also reminds us that we need think twice about the choices we want to make and the kind of impact they may have on others.

What exactly are we doing to live Ubuntu and make it a daily act in our lives? 

Gender inequality, poverty, and violence happens on a global scale and these atrocities are what tells us that we need to do more as a society to actively live and breathe Ubuntu and put it into action on a daily basis. 

Everyone in society needs to play a part, regardless of how small one may think it is. We all have a role to play and it’s of vital importance that our actions inspire others to want to be a part of a better and brighter future. 

Ubuntu is also about justice, and particularly, justice for all people. As much as we must look after each other, it is also just as important that we exercise fairness and equality for all people regardless of race, gender, or social status. 

So essentially, Ubuntu is about togetherness as well as a fight for the greater good. This is what Mandela was prepared to sacrifice his life for.

Ubuntu is the common thread and DNA that runs through the UN’s Global Goals, because without the spirit of Ubuntu within us, we cannot implement great change in our society. It’s imperative that we help all people, young and old, to achieve only the best for our future.

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What Is the Spirit of Ubuntu? How Can We Have It in Our Lives?

Oct. 19, 2018

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'i am because we are': the african philosophy of ubuntu.

Steve Paulson (TTBOOK)

Rene Descartes is often called the first modern philosopher, and his famous saying, “I think, therefore I am,” laid the groundwork for how we conceptualize our sense of self. But what if there’s an entirely different way to think about personal identity — a non-Western philosophy that rejects this emphasis on individuality?

Consider the African philosophy of “ubuntu” — a concept in which your sense of self is shaped by your relationships with other people. It’s a way of living that begins with the premise that “I am” only because “we are.” The Kenyan literary scholar James Ogude believes ubuntu might serve as a counterweight to the rampant individualism that’s so pervasive in the contemporary world.

"Ubuntu is rooted in what I call a relational form of personhood, basically meaning that you are because of the others," said Ogude, speaking to Steve Paulson and Anne Strainchamps in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. "In other words, as a human being, you—your humanity, your personhood—you are fostered in relation to other people."

In practice, ubuntu means believing the common bonds within a group are more important than any individual arguments and divisions within it. "People will debate, people will disagree; it's not like there are no tensions," said Ogude. "It is about coming together and building a consensus around what affects the community. And once you have debated, then it is understood what is best for the community, and then you have to buy into that."

Archbishop Desmond Tutu drew on the concept of ubuntu when he led South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which helped South Africa reckon with its history of apartheid. Ubuntu promotes restorative justice and a community-centric ethos. "We have the ability, as people, to dig into our human values, to go for the best of them, in order to bring about healing and to bridge the gap," Ogude said. This idea also extends to our relationships with the non-human world of rivers, plants and animals.

Ogude spoke with Steve and Anne at the first African Humanities Workshop, which took place at the University of Addis Ababa. The workshop was sponsored by the Consortium of Humanities Centers and Institutes (CHCI). Here's an excerpt from the transcript of their conversation, which you can find on IDEA S, a publication published by CHCI.

Steve Paulson: We've been talking about ubuntu in this legal sense of how to redress wrongs, and I am wondering at the more everyday level, how ubuntu plays out. I'm thinking in terms of what constitutes “a good life.” In the West, that concept seems to be rooted in the concept of selfhood: how I think about, or know, myself or the course of my life and achievements. It's not necessarily defined by my relationship with other people. Is there a different way of thinking about the self in this African tradition you've been describing? James Ogude: There's a sense in which ubuntu as a concept, and the African communitarian ethos, imposes a sense of moral obligation regarding your responsibility for others even before you think of yourself. You must, as the Russian critic Bakhtin would say, look into another person’s eyes and have that person return the gaze. When the gaze is returned, that recognition is what humanizes you. SP: There's empathy built into it. JO: An empathy, yes, there's empathy, there's trust, that is built in this process. That, for me, is the moral obligation that sometimes is absent when undue emphasis is placed on individualism and the self, when it’s “all about me,” and everybody else comes second. Yet, even the West is haunted by other, competing, values such as human rights. There have always been movements in the West that have prioritized the other over the self. That's why all human beings fundamentally have a certain element of conscience even when our societies may push us to be individualistic. A measure of responsibility is part of our obligation, whether it comes to us through religion or a moral obligation of duty to others.

You can read the full conversation on IDEAS .

James Ogude

The Spirit of Ubuntu

Clinton Foundation

The Clinton Foundation

There is a Zulu proverb called Ubuntu that says: “I am a person through other people. My humanity is tied to yours.”

Archbishop Desmond Tutu explained it this way: “One of the sayings in our country is Ubuntu — the essence of being human. Ubuntu speaks particularly about the fact that you can’t exist as a human being in isolation. It speaks about our interconnectedness … We think of ourselves far too frequently as just individuals, separated from one another, whereas you are connected and what you do affects the whole world. When you do well, it spreads out; it is for the whole of humanity.”

I learned about the concept of Ubuntu following City Year’s first visit to South Africa in 2001. City Year was founded in 1988 on the belief that young people from all backgrounds could work together to improve their communities and change the world, and was one of the models President Clinton had considered when he created AmeriCorps shortly after he was elected President.

As South Africa emerged from apartheid and began to explore ways to build a stronger and more cohesive nation, President Mandela invited President Clinton to speak at the National Civil Society Conference. President Clinton asked his friend Eli Segal to put together a delegation from City Year to help him demonstrate the power of young people to bring communities together and get important things done. Eli was the visionary founding CEO of Corporation for National and Community Service and AmeriCorps.

That trip was the beginning of a series of exchanges and learning opportunities between the US and South Africa that have built a powerful bond between us. It led to the creation of the Clinton Democracy Fellows (CDF) program at City Year, which brought outstanding young leaders from South Africa to the US for an intensive three month program to explore social entrepreneurship and citizen service, as well as spend time working with City Year and other NGOs.

As our ties with South Africa grew stronger, leaders in Johannesburg asked us if we would work with them to adapt the City Year model for the South African context. With President Clinton and President Mandela’s leadership and support, City Year South Africa officially launched in Johannesburg in the fall 2005.

Since then, more than 1,200 young South Africans have served through City Year South Africa, working as tutors in primary schools, running afterschool programs, engaging their fellow citizens in service days and receiving important skill-development training, resulting in post-service placements in jobs, apprenticeships and educational opportunities.

Our partnership with City Year South Africa has had a powerful ripple effect on our organization. We have found synergies we could have never anticipated, and realized we are fundamentally connected through our shared commitment to leveraging the talent and commitment of young people to improve our communities and our world. Our work together also helped pave the way for other conversations with civic leaders around the world, including in the United Kingdom — where City Year London launched in 2009.

Together City Year South Africa’s service leaders are building a brighter future for South Africa and the world, and they inspire us and teach us every day as they bring to life the spirit of Ubuntu. Today, as President Clinton returns to Johannesburg and to serve alongside the young leaders of City Year South Africa, we remain deeply grateful for his leadership and deep belief in the power of young people to change the world.

Written by Clinton Foundation

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Text to speech

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• Understanding The Meaning Of Ubuntu...

Understanding the Meaning of Ubuntu: A Proudly South African Philosophy

Freelance Writer - instagram.com/andrewthompsonsa

South Africa is a country that carries massive collective trauma. The political system of institutionalised racism, called apartheid, was devastating for the majority of the population. Yet, in spite of the painful, oppressive system, many of those most deeply affected by it rose up and remained resolute and united – with some crediting one philosophical concept, that of ubuntu , as a guiding ideal.

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The presence of ubuntu is still widely referenced in South Africa , more than two decades after the end of apartheid. It’s a compact term from the Nguni languages of Zulu and Xhosa that carries a fairly broad English definition of “a quality that includes the essential human virtues of compassion and humanity”.

In modern South Africa, though, it’s often simplified further and used by politicians, public figures and the general public as a catch-all phase for the country’s moral ideals, spirit of togetherness, ability to work together towards a common goal or to refer to examples of collective humanity.

Nelson Mandela, South Africa’s first democratically elected president, in a preface to Richard Stengel’s Mandela’s Way: Fifteen Lessons on Life, Love, and Courage (2009), encapsulated the many interpretations by calling ubuntu an African concept that means “the profound sense that we are human only through the humanity of others; that if we are to accomplish anything in this world, it will in equal measure be due to the work and achievements of others”.

A concept from the mid-1800s

The history of ubuntu shows that it is not a new concept, though – it’s one that Christian Gade, who wrote about it in a paper published by Aarhus University, says dates as far back as 1846.

“The analysis shows that in written sources published prior to 1950, it appears that ubuntu is always defined as a human quality,” said Gade. “At different stages during the second half of the 1900s, some authors began to define ubuntu more broadly: definitions included ubuntu as African humanism, a philosophy, an ethic and as a worldview.”

But as Gade points out, in spite of the ubuntu’s term history, it gained prominence more recently – primarily during transitions from white minority rule to black majority rule – in both South Africa, and neighbouring Zimbabwe .

“Of course, the search for African dignity in postcolonial Africa did not begin with the literature on ubuntu that was published during the periods of transition to black majority rule in Zimbabwe and South Africa,” said Gade.

Prior to these periods of political transition, Gade said, the search for African dignity was reflected in the thinking of many influential postcolonial African leaders – and has much to do with restoring dignity once the colonisers had moved on.

“Some of the narratives that were told to restore African dignity in the former colonies, which gained their independence in the late 1950s and 1960s, can be characterised as narratives of return,” said Gade, “since they contain the idea that a return to something African (for instance traditional African socialism or humanism) is necessary in order for society to prosper.”

An inappropriate term for modern South Africa

Much like the Danish philosophy of hygge, though, a lot is lost in the English translation, simplification and popularisation of the term. And this had lead some to criticise its use – especially in a modern South African context.

Thaddeus Metz, professor of philosophy at the University of Johannesburg, said that the term and ideas associated with ubuntu are often “deemed to be an inappropriate basis for a public morality” in present-day South Africa – for three broad reasons.

“One is that they are too vague; a second is that they fail to acknowledge the value of individual freedom; and a third is that they fit traditional, small-scale culture more than a modern, industrial society,” Metz wrote in an article published in the African Human Rights Law Journal.

Popular radio host, author and political commentator Eusebius McKaiser was quoted in the African Human Rights Law Journal saying that the term has several interpretations, and in a legal context is largely undefinable. He called it “a terribly opaque notion not fit as a normative moral principle that can guide our actions, let alone be a transparent and substantive basis for legal adjudication”.

Ubuntu embodied by Desmond Tutu

In spite of its potential shortcomings and misuses, ubuntu is a term that has a demonstrated the ability to unite the country towards common good – with many choosing a definition that bests applies to their circumstances.

Brand South Africa , an organisation mandated to develop and articulate the country’s national brand and identity, and to manage the country’s reputation, regularly uses the term in its messaging.

In 2013, the government made the plea for South Africans to “live with ubuntu” – although as Brand South Africa points out, this has different meanings for different people. “Goodness Ncube, a shoe salesman in Killarney, Johannesburg , defines ubuntu as the ability to relate to each other. Tabitha Mahaka, a Zimbabwean expatriate, believes it is about feeling at home in a foreign country. And Ismail Bennet, a store manager, has not even heard of the term,” Brand South Africa reported on its website.

But if there is one South African who can be credited with popularising, and embodying, the philosophical concept of ubuntu to its fullest, it’s Anglican Archbishop Desmond Tutu.

Tutu fought vehemently against apartheid, but also chaired the country’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission, under the principal of restorative justice.

As Metz points out, Tutu, who defined ubuntu as “I participate, I share”, drew on the principles of ubuntu to guide South Africa’s reconciliatory approach to apartheid-era crimes.

“As is well known, Tutu maintained that, by ubuntu, democratic South Africa was right to deal with apartheid-era political crimes by seeking reconciliation or restorative justice,” Metz wrote in an article for The Conversation .

Instead of emphasising the differences between people within South Africa, Tutu was famous for celebrating them.

“We are different so that we can know our need of one another, for no one is ultimately self-sufficient,” Tutu wrote in No Future Without Forgiveness (1999). “The completely self-sufficient person would be sub-human.”

For many in South Africa, it’s this approach that is the epitome of ubuntu.

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Now is the time to remember what Mandela meant by ‘ubuntu’

Chair in International Politics, Associate Dean International , University of Surrey

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Many fine words of tribute were uttered as some of the world’s most powerful people gather to pay tribute to former President Nelson Mandela. In spite of the rain, thousands gathered to hear the tributes by the eminences in the FNB stadium in Soweto, which is where Madiba addressed the world on the day of his release in 1990.

But it was a word uttered by Barack Obama in the middle of his tribute that really caught the attention, as he referred to Mandela’s inspirational commitment to forgiveness and humanism: “ubuntu” .

Mandela understood the ties that bind the human spirit. There is a word in South Africa – Ubuntu – that describes his greatest gift: his recognition that we are all bound together in ways that can be invisible to the eye; that there is a oneness to humanity; that we achieve ourselves by sharing ourselves with others, and caring for those around us.

Perhaps, moved by this same spirit, Obama shook the hand of Cuban president Raul Castro’s hand before stepping up to the podium in recognition, perhaps, of the stand that Fidel Castro had taken against apartheid. It may be too much to hope for ubuntu to break out suddenly between the US and Cuba, two nations that have boycotted and shunned each other for more than 50 years. But the gesture was there - and it was widely picked up and commented on.

Ubuntu thin on the ground

In spite of the embrace of Mandela’s ex-wife Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Mandela’s widow Graça Machel, other evidence of ubuntu was thin on the ground. The crowds booed South African President Jacob Zuma a number of times. Although Mandela was always going to be hard act to follow, Mbeki managed to gain the respect of many South Africans, whereas Zuma has not.

Nor was there much evidence of ubuntu in the ranks of international leaders and their representatives in attendance. Indeed, not all the world leaders were there or wanted to be. Russian, Chinese, Israeli and Iranian presidents all sent lower-ranking representatives.

Although President Vladimir Putin left a message of condolence at the South African embassy in Moscow on Monday, Russia was represented by upper house Federation Council speaker, Valentina Matviyenko, and there has been little media coverage of Mandela’s death in Russia. Business as usual is the order of the day. Yet the Soviet Union was a supporter of the South African Communist party, whose members were often also ANC members.

It is this historic link that has led many right-wing Republicans in the US to utter unseemly denunciations of the dead man as a communist – something Mandela himself always denied but which is suggested in documents that have come to light over the past couple of years. The South African anti-apartheid movement was glad of Soviet support at a time when the West propped up the apartheid regime, when Margaret Thatcher denounced him as a terrorist, and the US saw the National Party regime as an important ally in the Cold War.

Had the new South Africa eschewed the free market economy model it embraced under Mandela’s early presidency and thus perhaps been able to honour more of its promises to address the dreadful poverty and deprivation of its black population, perhaps the great leaders of the free (if ever more unequal) world would be less enthusiastic in their praise of his leadership. But Mandela’s old ally the former Soviet Union is no longer and the memorial service is no place to explore Russia’s no doubt complicated attitudes to South Africa and Mandela.

Less complicated is Israel’s position. Knesset speaker Yuli Edelstein and a delegation of six Knesset members represented Israel. Shimon Peres, a fellow Nobel Peace Prize laureate, did not attend for medical reasons. Prime Minister Bibi Netanyahu gave logistical and cost reasons for his failure to attend. Perhaps Mandela’s support for the Palestine and his view that freedom for the Palestinians was an unrealised cause and is more relevant than Netanyahu’s newfound personal economy drive.

It was rumoured that Iranian president Hassan Rouhani and foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif might attend but they changed their mind to avoid a face-to-face meeting with Obama, instead sending vice president Mohammad Shariatmadari.

In China there was little discussion of who would attend – and vice president Li Yuanchao was present as a special representative of president Xi Jinping. Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir, who faces two international arrest warrants, did not attend, following his indictment by the International Criminal Court. Sudan was represented by newly appointed first vice president Bakri Hassan Saleh. The Egyptians did not send their interim president or foreign minister but sent an official delegation headed by Mohammed Faiq, head of the National Council of Human Rights, who had met Mandela when he was state commissioner for African affairs during Nasser’s time. This can be seen in the light of South Africa’s stance on the ousting of former president Mohammed Morsi, which they described as a coup d'etat and the African Union (AU) subsequently suspended Egypt’s membership.

Ubuntu is for winners

Mandela’s advocacy of ubuntu began after the fall of apartheid, when it was clear that he, not the National Party, would have the upper hand. The victor can afford the generosity of magnanimity, can afford to reach out to vanquished enemies and offer compromises.

For Obama, who faces a domestic battle over health care, unemployment relief in a society like many others where the rift between the right and the middle ground mirrors the growing divide between rich and poor, is it foolish to talk of ubuntu? Surely justice, fairness, an end to the exploitation of the poor and vulnerable has to end first. Mandela was clear on that. The battle for justice was, for him, a cause that he was prepared to die for.

Ubuntu is not about giving ground to hard-liners who will resist justice, it is is about winning the battle for justice – and when those who would expropriate and exploit are divested of their powers to expropriate and exploit, then and only then can the hand of friendship be extended to them. Until then, the fight goes on.

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• South Africa
• Nelson Mandela

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Ubuntu Speech-to-Text Tutorial

We love Ubuntu at Picovoice. Our standard dev machines are running Ubuntu. No offence to macOS and Windows fans 😉

Today you can run Ubuntu on a single-board computer (SBC) like Raspberry Pi, NVIDIA Jetson, or BeagleBone. At the same time, one can have it on a server or a desktop. Below we look at options for running Speech-to-Text on an Ubuntu machine. Then we dive deeper into how to run Picovoice Leopard Speech-to-Text Engine on Ubuntu.

Speech-to-Text on Ubuntu

You can use any API: Google Speech-to-Text, Amazon Transcribe, IBM Watson Speech-to-Text, or Azure Cognitive Services Speech-to-Text. The downside? They are pretty expensive for anything other than a proof of concept but are relatively accurate. Additionally, you need to send raw audio data to the cloud, which means extra power consumption and bandwidth cost. The latter is only a concern if you are on a cellular connection.

Alternatively, you can use free and open-source (FOSS) software. Kaldi (derivations of such as Vosk), Mozilla DeepSpeech (derivations of such as Coqui), and many more. The upside is that they are free, but the downside is that they hardly match the accuracy of API-based ASRs nor have all the features you might require (e.g. custom words and keyword boosting). If you care about the runtime efficiency, they are not necessarily optimized. These can be good starting points if you decide to build your own.

Picovoice Leopard Speech-to-Text processes voice locally on the device while matching the accuracy of API alternatives from Big Tech. Developers can start transcribing in seconds with Picovoice’s Free Plan , even for commercial projects.

Leopard comes with a total package size of 20MB (compared to GBs of FOSS alternatives). Leopard runtime efficiency enables it to run even on Raspberry Pi 3 using only a quarter of only one of the CPU cores.

Leopard Python SDK

Install Leopard Python package using PIP:

Sign up for Picovoice Console and copy your AccessKey to the clipboard. AccessKey handles authentication and authorization.

Create an instance of Leopard STT and transcribe a file:

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🙊 Setup "selectable" text to speech / TTS on Ubuntu Linux 24.04 22.04 22.10 23.04 23.10 . Ideal for speed reading, programming, editing and writing.

gnat/text-to-speech-ubuntu

Folders and files, repository files navigation, text to speech (tts) shortcut ubuntu.

For speed reading, researching, programming, editing and writing.

Tested on Ubuntu 24.04, 22.04, 22.10, 23.04, 23.10, but should work on similar distributions such as Mint, Debian, Pop OS. xsel required so espeak can read from clipboard. Works with espeak or espeak-ng .

• sudo apt install espeak xsel -y
• Set your custom shortcuts. See Gnome or KDE below.
• With your mouse, select text you want read aloud, press your Read keys.
• System Settings ➡ Keyboard ➡ Keyboard Shortcuts ➡ Custom Shortcuts ➡ +
• Read bash -c "espeak -s260 -g0 -p40 -v english-us \"$(xsel | sed -e :a -e 'N;s/\n/ /;ta')\""
• Stop Reading bash -c "killall espeak"
• Recommended keys SUPER + R (Read) and SHIFT + SUPER + R (Stop Reading)

KDE is a little different because custom shortcuts have an issue with multiple commands in the same action, but this works:

• System Settings ➡ Shortcuts ➡ Custom Shortcuts ➡ Edit .. New .. Global .. Command
• Read xsel > /tmp/speak.txt | espeak -s260 -g0 -p40 -v english-us -f /tmp/speak.txt
• Stop Reading killall espeak

• -s260 Speed of reading (260 is faster).
• -g0 Delay between words (0 is no delay).
• -p40 Pitch (50 is normal).
• -v english-us Voice pack (en-us for espeak-ng ).

Sed explainer.

The sed is required to replace newlines properly. Reference: https://linux.die.net/man/1/sed

• -e :a Sets a label for looping.
• N Read next line into substitute buffer ... or $!N ( $ go to EOL, !N exit if no more newlines to read)
• ;s/\n/ / Substitute newlines with space.
• ;ta Loop to label a .

Using espeak-ng instead of espeak

Some distributions come with espeak-ng which can be used with only minor changes.

• Read bash -c "espeak-ng -s260 -g0 -p40 -v en-us \"$(xsel | sed -e :a -e 'N;s/\n/ /;ta')\""
• Stop Reading bash -c "killall espeak-ng"

Killing espeak if needed.

• ps -ef | grep "espeak" | tr -s ' ' | cut -d ' ' -f2 | xargs kill -9

Because my favorite TTS reader gespeaker (python frontend to espeak) is unmaintained, and most other options suck or are browser only.

Contributors 2

SpeechRecognition 3.10.4

pip install SpeechRecognition Copy PIP instructions

Released: May 5, 2024

Library for performing speech recognition, with support for several engines and APIs, online and offline.

Verified details

Maintainers.

Unverified details

Project links, github statistics.

• Open issues:

View statistics for this project via Libraries.io , or by using our public dataset on Google BigQuery

License: BSD License (BSD)

Author: Anthony Zhang (Uberi)

Tags speech, recognition, voice, sphinx, google, wit, bing, api, houndify, ibm, snowboy

Requires: Python >=3.8

Classifiers

• 5 - Production/Stable
• OSI Approved :: BSD License
• MacOS :: MacOS X
• Microsoft :: Windows
• POSIX :: Linux
• Python :: 3
• Python :: 3.8
• Python :: 3.9
• Python :: 3.10
• Python :: 3.11
• Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: Speech
• Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules

Project description

UPDATE 2022-02-09 : Hey everyone! This project started as a tech demo, but these days it needs more time than I have to keep up with all the PRs and issues. Therefore, I’d like to put out an open invite for collaborators - just reach out at me @ anthonyz . ca if you’re interested!

Speech recognition engine/API support:

Quickstart: pip install SpeechRecognition . See the “Installing” section for more details.

To quickly try it out, run python -m speech_recognition after installing.

Project links:

Library Reference

The library reference documents every publicly accessible object in the library. This document is also included under reference/library-reference.rst .

See Notes on using PocketSphinx for information about installing languages, compiling PocketSphinx, and building language packs from online resources. This document is also included under reference/pocketsphinx.rst .

You have to install Vosk models for using Vosk. Here are models avaiable. You have to place them in models folder of your project, like “your-project-folder/models/your-vosk-model”

See the examples/ directory in the repository root for usage examples:

First, make sure you have all the requirements listed in the “Requirements” section.

The easiest way to install this is using pip install SpeechRecognition .

Otherwise, download the source distribution from PyPI , and extract the archive.

In the folder, run python setup.py install .

Requirements

To use all of the functionality of the library, you should have:

The following requirements are optional, but can improve or extend functionality in some situations:

The following sections go over the details of each requirement.

The first software requirement is Python 3.8+ . This is required to use the library.

PyAudio (for microphone users)

PyAudio is required if and only if you want to use microphone input ( Microphone ). PyAudio version 0.2.11+ is required, as earlier versions have known memory management bugs when recording from microphones in certain situations.

If not installed, everything in the library will still work, except attempting to instantiate a Microphone object will raise an AttributeError .

The installation instructions on the PyAudio website are quite good - for convenience, they are summarized below:

PyAudio wheel packages for common 64-bit Python versions on Windows and Linux are included for convenience, under the third-party/ directory in the repository root. To install, simply run pip install wheel followed by pip install ./third-party/WHEEL_FILENAME (replace pip with pip3 if using Python 3) in the repository root directory .

PocketSphinx-Python (for Sphinx users)

PocketSphinx-Python is required if and only if you want to use the Sphinx recognizer ( recognizer_instance.recognize_sphinx ).

PocketSphinx-Python wheel packages for 64-bit Python 3.4, and 3.5 on Windows are included for convenience, under the third-party/ directory . To install, simply run pip install wheel followed by pip install ./third-party/WHEEL_FILENAME (replace pip with pip3 if using Python 3) in the SpeechRecognition folder.

On Linux and other POSIX systems (such as OS X), follow the instructions under “Building PocketSphinx-Python from source” in Notes on using PocketSphinx for installation instructions.

Note that the versions available in most package repositories are outdated and will not work with the bundled language data. Using the bundled wheel packages or building from source is recommended.

Vosk (for Vosk users)

Vosk API is required if and only if you want to use Vosk recognizer ( recognizer_instance.recognize_vosk ).

You can install it with python3 -m pip install vosk .

You also have to install Vosk Models:

Here are models avaiable for download. You have to place them in models folder of your project, like “your-project-folder/models/your-vosk-model”

Google Cloud Speech Library for Python (for Google Cloud Speech API users)

Google Cloud Speech library for Python is required if and only if you want to use the Google Cloud Speech API ( recognizer_instance.recognize_google_cloud ).

If not installed, everything in the library will still work, except calling recognizer_instance.recognize_google_cloud will raise an RequestError .

According to the official installation instructions , the recommended way to install this is using Pip : execute pip install google-cloud-speech (replace pip with pip3 if using Python 3).

FLAC (for some systems)

A FLAC encoder is required to encode the audio data to send to the API. If using Windows (x86 or x86-64), OS X (Intel Macs only, OS X 10.6 or higher), or Linux (x86 or x86-64), this is already bundled with this library - you do not need to install anything .

Otherwise, ensure that you have the flac command line tool, which is often available through the system package manager. For example, this would usually be sudo apt-get install flac on Debian-derivatives, or brew install flac on OS X with Homebrew.

Whisper (for Whisper users)

Whisper is required if and only if you want to use whisper ( recognizer_instance.recognize_whisper ).

You can install it with python3 -m pip install SpeechRecognition[whisper-local] .

Whisper API (for Whisper API users)

The library openai is required if and only if you want to use Whisper API ( recognizer_instance.recognize_whisper_api ).

If not installed, everything in the library will still work, except calling recognizer_instance.recognize_whisper_api will raise an RequestError .

You can install it with python3 -m pip install SpeechRecognition[whisper-api] .

Troubleshooting

The recognizer tries to recognize speech even when i’m not speaking, or after i’m done speaking..

Try increasing the recognizer_instance.energy_threshold property. This is basically how sensitive the recognizer is to when recognition should start. Higher values mean that it will be less sensitive, which is useful if you are in a loud room.

This value depends entirely on your microphone or audio data. There is no one-size-fits-all value, but good values typically range from 50 to 4000.

Also, check on your microphone volume settings. If it is too sensitive, the microphone may be picking up a lot of ambient noise. If it is too insensitive, the microphone may be rejecting speech as just noise.

The recognizer can’t recognize speech right after it starts listening for the first time.

The recognizer_instance.energy_threshold property is probably set to a value that is too high to start off with, and then being adjusted lower automatically by dynamic energy threshold adjustment. Before it is at a good level, the energy threshold is so high that speech is just considered ambient noise.

The solution is to decrease this threshold, or call recognizer_instance.adjust_for_ambient_noise beforehand, which will set the threshold to a good value automatically.

The recognizer doesn’t understand my particular language/dialect.

Try setting the recognition language to your language/dialect. To do this, see the documentation for recognizer_instance.recognize_sphinx , recognizer_instance.recognize_google , recognizer_instance.recognize_wit , recognizer_instance.recognize_bing , recognizer_instance.recognize_api , recognizer_instance.recognize_houndify , and recognizer_instance.recognize_ibm .

For example, if your language/dialect is British English, it is better to use "en-GB" as the language rather than "en-US" .

The recognizer hangs on recognizer_instance.listen ; specifically, when it’s calling Microphone.MicrophoneStream.read .

This usually happens when you’re using a Raspberry Pi board, which doesn’t have audio input capabilities by itself. This causes the default microphone used by PyAudio to simply block when we try to read it. If you happen to be using a Raspberry Pi, you’ll need a USB sound card (or USB microphone).

Once you do this, change all instances of Microphone() to Microphone(device_index=MICROPHONE_INDEX) , where MICROPHONE_INDEX is the hardware-specific index of the microphone.

To figure out what the value of MICROPHONE_INDEX should be, run the following code:

This will print out something like the following:

Now, to use the Snowball microphone, you would change Microphone() to Microphone(device_index=3) .

Calling Microphone() gives the error IOError: No Default Input Device Available .

As the error says, the program doesn’t know which microphone to use.

To proceed, either use Microphone(device_index=MICROPHONE_INDEX, ...) instead of Microphone(...) , or set a default microphone in your OS. You can obtain possible values of MICROPHONE_INDEX using the code in the troubleshooting entry right above this one.

The program doesn’t run when compiled with PyInstaller .

As of PyInstaller version 3.0, SpeechRecognition is supported out of the box. If you’re getting weird issues when compiling your program using PyInstaller, simply update PyInstaller.

You can easily do this by running pip install --upgrade pyinstaller .

On Ubuntu/Debian, I get annoying output in the terminal saying things like “bt_audio_service_open: […] Connection refused” and various others.

The “bt_audio_service_open” error means that you have a Bluetooth audio device, but as a physical device is not currently connected, we can’t actually use it - if you’re not using a Bluetooth microphone, then this can be safely ignored. If you are, and audio isn’t working, then double check to make sure your microphone is actually connected. There does not seem to be a simple way to disable these messages.

For errors of the form “ALSA lib […] Unknown PCM”, see this StackOverflow answer . Basically, to get rid of an error of the form “Unknown PCM cards.pcm.rear”, simply comment out pcm.rear cards.pcm.rear in /usr/share/alsa/alsa.conf , ~/.asoundrc , and /etc/asound.conf .

For “jack server is not running or cannot be started” or “connect(2) call to /dev/shm/jack-1000/default/jack_0 failed (err=No such file or directory)” or “attempt to connect to server failed”, these are caused by ALSA trying to connect to JACK, and can be safely ignored. I’m not aware of any simple way to turn those messages off at this time, besides entirely disabling printing while starting the microphone .

On OS X, I get a ChildProcessError saying that it couldn’t find the system FLAC converter, even though it’s installed.

Installing FLAC for OS X directly from the source code will not work, since it doesn’t correctly add the executables to the search path.

Installing FLAC using Homebrew ensures that the search path is correctly updated. First, ensure you have Homebrew, then run brew install flac to install the necessary files.

To hack on this library, first make sure you have all the requirements listed in the “Requirements” section.

To install/reinstall the library locally, run python -m pip install -e .[dev] in the project root directory .

Before a release, the version number is bumped in README.rst and speech_recognition/__init__.py . Version tags are then created using git config gpg.program gpg2 && git config user.signingkey DB45F6C431DE7C2DCD99FF7904882258A4063489 && git tag -s VERSION_GOES_HERE -m "Version VERSION_GOES_HERE" .

Releases are done by running make-release.sh VERSION_GOES_HERE to build the Python source packages, sign them, and upload them to PyPI.

To run all the tests:

To run static analysis:

To ensure RST is well-formed:

Testing is also done automatically by GitHub Actions, upon every push.

FLAC Executables

The included flac-win32 executable is the official FLAC 1.3.2 32-bit Windows binary .

The included flac-linux-x86 and flac-linux-x86_64 executables are built from the FLAC 1.3.2 source code with Manylinux to ensure that it’s compatible with a wide variety of distributions.

The built FLAC executables should be bit-for-bit reproducible. To rebuild them, run the following inside the project directory on a Debian-like system:

The included flac-mac executable is extracted from xACT 2.39 , which is a frontend for FLAC 1.3.2 that conveniently includes binaries for all of its encoders. Specifically, it is a copy of xACT 2.39/xACT.app/Contents/Resources/flac in xACT2.39.zip .

Please report bugs and suggestions at the issue tracker !

How to cite this library (APA style):

Zhang, A. (2017). Speech Recognition (Version 3.8) [Software]. Available from https://github.com/Uberi/speech_recognition#readme .

How to cite this library (Chicago style):

Zhang, Anthony. 2017. Speech Recognition (version 3.8).

Also check out the Python Baidu Yuyin API , which is based on an older version of this project, and adds support for Baidu Yuyin . Note that Baidu Yuyin is only available inside China.

Copyright 2014-2017 Anthony Zhang (Uberi) . The source code for this library is available online at GitHub .

SpeechRecognition is made available under the 3-clause BSD license. See LICENSE.txt in the project’s root directory for more information.

For convenience, all the official distributions of SpeechRecognition already include a copy of the necessary copyright notices and licenses. In your project, you can simply say that licensing information for SpeechRecognition can be found within the SpeechRecognition README, and make sure SpeechRecognition is visible to users if they wish to see it .

SpeechRecognition distributes source code, binaries, and language files from CMU Sphinx . These files are BSD-licensed and redistributable as long as copyright notices are correctly retained. See speech_recognition/pocketsphinx-data/*/LICENSE*.txt and third-party/LICENSE-Sphinx.txt for license details for individual parts.

SpeechRecognition distributes source code and binaries from PyAudio . These files are MIT-licensed and redistributable as long as copyright notices are correctly retained. See third-party/LICENSE-PyAudio.txt for license details.

SpeechRecognition distributes binaries from FLAC - speech_recognition/flac-win32.exe , speech_recognition/flac-linux-x86 , and speech_recognition/flac-mac . These files are GPLv2-licensed and redistributable, as long as the terms of the GPL are satisfied. The FLAC binaries are an aggregate of separate programs , so these GPL restrictions do not apply to the library or your programs that use the library, only to FLAC itself. See LICENSE-FLAC.txt for license details.

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Proposed Nelson Mandela Memorial Centre

Dear colleagues and students

I am pleased to announce that the University of Cape Town (UCT) today (Friday, 17 May 2024) marks a significant milestone in our history with the launch of the proposed Nelson Mandela Memorial Centre and School of Public Governance . Conceptualised to honour the legacy of the late President Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, this iconic building will be a living memorial to emulate his leadership in the best way possible: by building a new generation of ethical leaders.

The proposal is to build a new home for UCT’s Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance, and to create a vibrant convening space located within a memorial centre curated with the Nelson Mandela Foundation. The Nelson Mandela Memorial Centre and School of Public Governance will serve emerging leaders from across the African continent. The precinct, which will be designed through an architectural design competition, will offer interactive public art installations, contemplative walkways, and meeting areas designed to facilitate catharsis, reflection and spiritual resonance; and provide for reflection on the life and times of Nelson Mandela.

This partnership with the Nelson Mandela Foundation aligns with UCT’s Vision 2030 , a vision that extends beyond South Africa to embrace the entire continent and the world at large.

The Director of the Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance, Professor Faizel Ismail, emphasised that the school is committed to building the capacity of the next generation of African leaders. This leadership must draw on the legacy of the late Nelson Mandela and reflect the values of ubuntu while building the resilience of democratic institutions and transforming our economies to create a prosperous Africa in the 21st Century. It is therefore apt to mark this moment in UCT’s history during Africa Month.

I echo the words of the acting Chief Executive Officer of the Nelson Mandela Foundation, Verne Harris, who said: “UCT has many historical links with Nelson Mandela and with his family members. It is appropriate that a Memorial Centre associated with his name be hosted by the university, especially in association with a school dedicated to nurturing the kind of leadership which humanity needs if we are to surmount the challenges confronting us”.

The centre will be located at the southwestern corner of UCT’s upper campus. This iconic setting offers an exciting opportunity to rehabilitate the landscape scarred by the devastating fire of April 2021, greatly enhancing the upper reaches of campus, and re-connecting campus to the mountainside above it. The deliberate spatial juxtaposition with the adjacent Rhodes Memorial will invite dialogue and reflection on the respective roles and disparate legacies of Rhodes and Mandela.

UCT gratefully acknowledges the generous grant of US $21.5 million from Atlantic Philanthropies , as well as generous grants and pledges from a range of donors and alumni, which have enabled the construction of the centre. The Atlantic Philanthropies grant represents the largest single donation ever received by UCT and is a testament to the vision and impact of the project.

Madiba once said: “What counts in life is not the mere fact that we have lived. It is what difference we have made to the lives of others that will determine the significance of the life we lead.” I believe that the Nelson Mandela Memorial Centre and School of Public Governance will indeed make a significant difference in our continent and beyond.

While the statutory processes to realise this iconic project are still underway by a team of dedicated professionals, I invite UCT staff, alumni and students to celebrate this momentous occasion and to support the proposed Nelson Mandela Memorial Centre and School of Public Governance as we work together to uphold Madiba’s vision of justice, freedom and human dignity.

Emeritus Professor Daya Reddy Vice-Chancellor interim

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How to turn off narrator of Ubuntu?

Recently I downloaded ebook speaker applications from Ubuntu Software Center. After that I'm facing this problem. Whatever I type, it keeps on narrating. I don't which application I've opened. No application seems to be open. I've to mute the speaker. Any solution ?

• accessibility

• Can you at least tell us the name of the application? –  Braiam Nov 11, 2013 at 18:37
• @Braiam It's "Ebook Speaker". After restarting my pc, problem was solved. But, if same case is repeated, I want to know solution without restarting system. –  Habi Nov 12, 2013 at 5:06

4 Answers 4

System Settings -> Universal Access -> Seeing -> Screen reader -> Off

Or a hotkey "Alt-Super-S"

I faced the same problem in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. "Orca Screen Reader" was installed in my laptop, which I realized and uninstalled it. And then the problem was solved.

• Thanks for the response but I need that software too can't do that. Got any alternatives. –  Habi Apr 24, 2014 at 3:01

Here is the solution to stop screen reader

stop orca from starting up on login

For Ubuntu 13.10 and Ubuntu 14.04, open "Universal Access" and turn off screen reader

The "Seeing" tab is the default and includes this option

I have also faced the same problem in the Elementary os.the solution I found that:-

• Open System Setting
• Now go to the sound setting and select Application Tab.
• there are many speech-dispatcher options. mute and check them one at a time.

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