tourism of sri lanka essay

Essay on Sri Lanka

Students are often asked to write an essay on Sri Lanka in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Sri Lanka

Sri lanka: the pearl of the indian ocean.

Sri Lanka, also known as the Pearl of the Indian Ocean, is a beautiful island nation located south of India. It is a land of rich culture, history, and natural beauty.

Natural Beauty

Sri Lanka is blessed with stunning beaches, lush rainforests, and majestic mountains. The island is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including elephants, leopards, and blue whales.

Culture and History

Sri Lanka has a long and complex history, dating back to the arrival of the first settlers thousands of years ago. The island has been influenced by many different cultures over the centuries, including Indian, Chinese, and European. This diversity is reflected in Sri Lankan art, music, and dance.

People and Economy

Sri Lanka is home to a friendly and welcoming people. The island’s economy is based on tourism, agriculture, and manufacturing. Sri Lanka is a major producer of tea, rubber, and cinnamon.

Sri Lanka is a truly special place. Its natural beauty, rich culture, and friendly people make it a popular destination for tourists from all over the world.

250 Words Essay on Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka, a beautiful island nation located in the Indian Ocean, is often referred to as the “Pearl of the Indian Ocean”. It is a land of rich history, diverse culture, and stunning natural beauty.

History and Culture

Sri Lanka has a long and fascinating history, dating back to ancient times. It was once ruled by powerful kingdoms, and its culture is a blend of various influences, including Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity.

Sri Lanka is blessed with stunning natural beauty, including lush green hills, cascading waterfalls, golden beaches, and diverse wildlife. The country is home to several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, where visitors can see elephants, leopards, and other exotic animals.

Beaches and Water Sports

Sri Lanka’s coastline is dotted with beautiful beaches, making it a popular destination for beach lovers and water sports enthusiasts. Visitors can enjoy swimming, surfing, snorkeling, and diving in the crystal-clear waters.

Tea and Spices

Sri Lanka is famous for its tea and spices. The country produces some of the finest teas in the world, and visitors can visit tea plantations and learn about the tea-making process. Sri Lanka is also known for its aromatic spices, such as cinnamon, cardamom, and cloves.

Sri Lanka is a truly special place, offering a unique blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. Whether you are a history buff, a nature lover, or simply looking for a relaxing beach vacation, Sri Lanka has something for everyone.

500 Words Essay on Sri Lanka

Sri lanka: an enchanting island.

Sri Lanka, also known as Ceylon, is a beautiful island country located in the Indian Ocean, south of India. It is known for its diverse landscapes, rich history, and vibrant culture. The country boasts stunning beaches, lush rainforests, ancient ruins, and a fascinating blend of ethnicities and religions.

A Glimpse into Sri Lanka’s History

Sri Lanka has a long and storied history, dating back to over 2,500 years. The country has been influenced by various cultures, including the Sinhalese, Tamil, Portuguese, Dutch, and British. The ruins of ancient kingdoms and temples, such as Sigiriya and Polonnaruwa, offer a glimpse into the country’s rich past.

Mesmerizing Landscapes and Pristine Beaches

Sri Lanka is blessed with stunning natural beauty. The island is known for its pristine beaches, which are perfect for swimming, sunbathing, and water sports. The southern and eastern coasts are particularly popular among tourists, with towns like Galle and Arugam Bay attracting surfers and beachgoers. The country’s central highlands, known as the Hill Country, offer breathtaking views of lush tea plantations, waterfalls, and misty mountains.

Cultural Tapestry and Vibrant Festivals

Sri Lanka is known for its diverse culture, which is a blend of Sinhalese, Tamil, Muslim, and Burgher influences. The country is home to many festivals and celebrations, including the Sinhala and Tamil New Year, Vesak Poya, and Deepavali. Traditional dances, music, and art forms reflect the rich cultural heritage of Sri Lanka.

Exploring Sri Lanka’s Natural Wonders

Sri Lanka is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. The country’s national parks, such as Yala National Park and Udawalawe National Park, offer opportunities to spot elephants, leopards, sloth bears, and a variety of bird species. The island is also famous for its tea plantations, which produce some of the finest tea in the world.

A Culinary Journey

Sri Lankan cuisine is a blend of local and foreign influences, resulting in a unique and flavorful culinary experience. Rice and curry is a staple dish, accompanied by an array of flavorful curries, sambals, and condiments. The country is also known for its delicious street food, such as kotthu rotti and hoppers.

In conclusion, Sri Lanka is a captivating island nation that offers a wealth of experiences to visitors. From its ancient ruins and diverse landscapes to its vibrant culture and delicious cuisine, Sri Lanka is a perfect destination for those seeking a rich and memorable travel experience.

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Tourism in Sri Lanka 

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Tourism in Sri Lanka is big business. But why is tourism so important here and how should it be managed? Read on to find out…

Tourism in Sr Lanka

Sri Lanka, often referred to as the “Pearl of the Indian Ocean,” boasts a compelling mix of ancient temples, pristine beaches, and verdant landscapes. From the sacred city of Anuradhapura to the coastal allure of Galle, the island presents a myriad of travel experiences. In this article, I will delve into the diverse attractions of Sri Lanka, offering a succinct guide to its rich touristic offerings.

Geography of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is an island country located in the Indian Ocean, south of India. It has a total land area of approximately 65,610 square kilometres (25,332 square miles), making it the 25th largest country in Asia. Sri Lanka is also known as the “Teardrop of India” due to its distinctive shape. The island is roughly pear-shaped and is about 435 kilometres (270 miles) from north to south and 225 kilometres (140 miles) from east to west at its widest point. It is separated from the Indian subcontinent by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar to the northwest and the Bay of Bengal to the northeast.

The terrain of Sri Lanka is mostly low, flat to rolling plains, with mountains in the central region. The highest peak in the country is Pidurutalagala, which stands at 2,524 metres (8,281 feet) above sea level. The central highlands of Sri Lanka are home to a number of important river systems, including the Mahaweli, Kelani, and Kalu rivers, which provide irrigation and power to the country.

Sri Lanka also has a coastline that stretches for approximately 1,340 kilometres (832 miles), with sandy beaches and rocky cliffs. The island’s climate is tropical and influenced by two monsoon seasons: the northeast monsoon from December to March, and the southwest monsoon from May to September.

The country is divided into nine provinces, which are further subdivided into 25 districts. Each province has a unique culture, and the country as a whole is known for its rich history, diverse wildlife, and vibrant cuisine.

The tourism industry in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is a popular tourist destination, known for its natural beauty, cultural heritage, and wildlife. The tourism industry in Sri Lanka has been growing rapidly in recent years, and it is now one of the major contributors to the country’s economy. According to the Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority, the country received 2.3 million tourists in 2019, generating over $4 billion in revenue.

Tourists are attracted to Sri Lanka’s beaches, national parks, ancient cities, and cultural sites. Some of the most popular tourist destinations include the ancient city of Anuradhapura, the Temple of the Tooth in Kandy, the beaches of Mirissa and Unawatuna, and the Yala and Udawalawe national parks, which are home to elephants, leopards, and other wildlife.

In addition to these attractions, Sri Lanka is also known for its tea plantations, which offer scenic views and opportunities to learn about tea production. The country’s cuisine, which is influenced by Indian, Malay, and Dutch flavours, is also a draw for many tourists.

The tourism industry in Sri Lanka is supported by a wide range of accommodation options, from luxury resorts to budget guesthouses. The government has also invested in infrastructure, including the expansion of the country’s international airport and the development of new highways and railways.

However, the tourism industry in Sri Lanka was hit hard by the Easter Sunday bombings in 2019, which killed over 250 people. The COVID-19 pandemic has also had a significant impact on the industry, with international travel restrictions and lockdowns leading to a sharp decline in tourist arrivals. Despite these challenges, the Sri Lankan government and tourism industry are working to rebuild and promote the country as a safe and attractive destination for travellers.

Statistics about tourism in Sri Lanka

Now lets highlight a few ket statistics about tourism in Sri Lanka:

• In 2019, Sri Lanka welcomed 2.3 million tourists, up from 2.1 million in 2018.
• The tourism industry contributed 4.4% to Sri Lanka’s GDP in 2019.
• Tourism generated $4.4 billion in revenue for Sri Lanka in 2019.
• The average length of stay for tourists in Sri Lanka was 11 days in 2019.
• India was the largest source market for tourists to Sri Lanka in 2019, followed by the United Kingdom and China.
• The most popular tourist destinations in Sri Lanka in 2019 were Colombo, Kandy, Galle, and Negombo.
• Sri Lanka has over 3,000 registered tourist accommodations, including hotels, guesthouses, and homestays.
• The majority of tourists to Sri Lanka in 2019 travelled by air, with Bandaranaike International Airport in Colombo being the main entry point.
• The tourism industry in Sri Lanka employs over 500,000 people, making it one of the largest employers in the country.

Most popular tourism attractions in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has a diverse range of tourist attractions, from historic cities and cultural sites to natural wonders and wildlife. Here are some examples of the most popular tourist attractions in Sri Lanka:

• Sigiriya Rock Fortress: This ancient fortress, built in the 5th century AD, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is located in the central province of Sri Lanka. The fortress is known for its stunning frescoes, landscaped gardens, and panoramic views from the top of the rock.
• Temple of the Tooth: Located in Kandy, the Temple of the Tooth is one of the most important religious sites in Sri Lanka. It houses a relic of the tooth of the Buddha and is a major pilgrimage site for Buddhists.
• Yala National Park: This national park, located in the southeast of Sri Lanka, is home to a variety of wildlife, including elephants, leopards, and sloth bears. It is also known for its scenic landscapes and birdlife.
• Galle Fort: This historic fort, located in the coastal city of Galle, was built by the Dutch in the 17th century and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is a popular destination for its charming streets, colonial architecture, and ocean views.
• Adam’s Peak: This mountain, located in the central province of Sri Lanka, is a popular pilgrimage site for people of all religions. The summit is known for its stunning views and the “sacred footprint,” a depression in the rock believed to be the footprint of Buddha, Adam, or Shiva, depending on the religion.
• Nuwara Eliya: This picturesque town, located in the central highlands of Sri Lanka, is known for its cool climate, scenic landscapes, and tea plantations. It is often referred to as “Little England” for its colonial architecture and English-style gardens.
• Mirissa: This coastal town is known for its beautiful beaches, clear waters, and whale watching opportunities. It is a popular destination for water sports, such as surfing and snorkelling.
• Polonnaruwa: This ancient city, located in the northern province of Sri Lanka, was the capital of Sri Lanka from the 11th to the 13th century AD. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is known for its impressive ruins, including the Royal Palace and the Gal Vihara, a group of statues of the Buddha.
• Dambulla Cave Temple: This temple, located in the central province of Sri Lanka, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is known for its series of cave temples filled with colourful murals and statues of the Buddha.
• Horton Plains National Park: This national park, located in the central highlands of Sri Lanka, is known for its scenic landscapes and biodiversity. It is home to a variety of wildlife, including leopards, sambar deer, and purple-faced langurs. The park is also famous for its viewpoint, known as World’s End, which offers panoramic views of the surrounding mountains and forests.

Most popular types of tourism in Sri Lanka 

There are many different types of tourism in Sri Lanka, here are the most common:

• Cultural Tourism: Sri Lanka has a rich cultural heritage, with ancient cities, temples, and monuments that attract tourists interested in history and culture. Tourists can visit sites such as the ancient city of Anuradhapura, the Sigiriya rock fortress, and the Temple of the Tooth in Kandy.
• Nature Tourism: Sri Lanka is blessed with diverse natural beauty, including national parks, waterfalls, mountains, and beaches. Tourists can go on safaris to see elephants, leopards, and other wildlife in national parks such as Yala and Wilpattu, hike in the central highlands, or relax on the beaches in Mirissa or Unawatuna.

• Adventure Tourism: Sri Lanka offers a range of adventure activities such as surfing, kite surfing, scuba diving, white-water rafting, and trekking. Tourists can go surfing in Arugam Bay, kitesurfing in Kalpitiya, or trekking in the Knuckles mountain range.
• Wellness Tourism: Sri Lanka is home to several Ayurvedic spas and wellness retreats, offering traditional healing therapies and treatments. Tourists can rejuvenate their mind and body at these wellness centres, such as the Santani wellness resort and the Barberyn Ayurveda resort.
• Eco-Tourism: Sri Lanka is committed to sustainable tourism and eco-friendly practices. Tourists can visit ecotourism sites such as the Sinharaja Forest Reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, or the Kanneliya-Dediyagala-Nakiyadeniya (KDN) Forest Reserve.
• Religious Tourism: Sri Lanka is a multi-religious country, with Buddhist, Hindu, Christian, and Muslim sites of worship. Tourists can visit sacred sites such as the Temple of the Tooth in Kandy, the Adam’s Peak pilgrimage site, and the Jaffna Nallur Kandaswamy Kovil, a Hindu temple.
• Culinary Tourism: Sri Lanka has a rich culinary tradition, with a variety of flavors and spices. Tourists can take cooking classes and food tours to experience Sri Lankan cuisine, such as rice and curry, hoppers, and kottu roti.
• Beach Tourism: Sri Lanka has a long coastline with beautiful beaches, offering tourists a chance to relax, swim, and sunbathe. Popular beach destinations include Unawatuna, Mirissa, and Arugam Bay.
• Wildlife Tourism: Sri Lanka is home to a variety of wildlife, including elephants, leopards, and whales. Tourists can go on safari tours in national parks, such as Yala, Wilpattu, and Minneriya, or go whale watching in Mirissa or Trincomalee.
• Sports Tourism: Sri Lanka is a popular destination for sports tourism, offering tourists a chance to watch or participate in sports such as cricket, rugby, and surfing. Tourists can watch international cricket matches at the R. Premadasa Stadium in Colombo or go surfing in Arugam Bay.

Economic impacts of tourism in Sri Lanka 

Tourism is a major contributor to Sri Lanka’s economy, generating significant foreign exchange earnings and providing employment opportunities. Here are some of the ways that tourism impacts the economy in Sri Lanka:

• Contribution to GDP: Tourism is one of the largest contributors to Sri Lanka’s economy, accounting for around 5% of the country’s GDP. In 2019, the tourism sector generated around USD 4.4 billion in foreign exchange earnings.
• Employment: The tourism industry is a significant source of employment in Sri Lanka, providing direct and indirect employment to around 500,000 people. Jobs in the tourism industry include hotel and restaurant staff, tour operators, guides, and drivers.
• Small Business Development: Tourism also supports the development of small businesses, including guesthouses, souvenir shops, and street vendors, providing income opportunities for local communities.
• Infrastructure Development: Tourism also contributes to the development of infrastructure, including hotels, airports, roads, and public facilities. This development can have positive impacts on the local economy, creating jobs, and improving living standards.
• Tax Revenues: The tourism industry generates significant tax revenues for the government, including taxes on hotel room rates, airport fees, and tourist attractions. These revenues can be used to support public services and infrastructure development.
• Foreign Investment: Tourism in Sri Lanka can also attract foreign investment in the form of hotel and resort development, which can have positive impacts on the local economy.
• Regional Development: Tourism in Sri Lanka has the potential to promote regional development by encouraging visitors to explore areas outside of traditional tourist destinations. This can help to spread the economic benefits of tourism to less developed regions of the country.

Overall, tourism is an important economic driver in Sri Lanka, supporting employment, income generation, and infrastructure development. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the tourism industry, with a sharp decline in tourist arrivals and revenue. As the country continues to recover from the pandemic, efforts to revitalise the tourism industry will be important for the country’s economic growth and development.

Social impacts of tourism in Sri Lanka 

Tourism can have significant social impacts on the host community in Sri Lanka. Here are some of the largest social impacts of tourism:

• Cultural Exchange: Tourism in Sri Lanka can promote cultural exchange between tourists and local communities, creating opportunities for cultural understanding and appreciation. This can also help to preserve and promote the local culture.
• Employment: As mentioned earlier, tourism provides employment opportunities, particularly in areas with few job opportunities. This can have positive social impacts, including reducing poverty and improving standards of living.
• Infrastructure Development: Tourism in Sri Lanka can contribute to the development of infrastructure, including roads, airports, and public facilities, which can benefit local communities.
• Community Development: Tourism in Sri Lanka can support community development by promoting the development of small businesses and encouraging the creation of community-based tourism activities.
• Preservation of Natural and Cultural Resources: Tourism in Sri Lanka can also promote the preservation of natural and cultural resources, such as national parks and heritage sites, by raising awareness and generating revenue for conservation efforts.
• Increased Awareness of Social Issues: Tourism can also raise awareness of social issues, such as poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation. This can encourage tourists to support community-based initiatives that address these issues.

However, tourism can also have negative social impacts, including:

• Displacement: Tourism in Sri Lanka can lead to the displacement of local communities, particularly in areas where land and resources are limited.
• Social Conflicts: Tourism in Sri Lanka can also lead to social conflicts, such as tension between tourists and local communities, and between different groups of tourists.
• Cultural Erosion: Tourism in Sri Lanka can also lead to the erosion of local cultures, as local communities may adapt to meet the expectations of tourists.
• Exploitation: Tourism can also lead to the exploitation of local communities, particularly in areas where the tourism industry is dominated by large multinational corporations.

It is important for the tourism industry in Sri Lanka to take into account these potential social impacts and work towards sustainable tourism practices that benefit both tourists and local communities.

Environmental impacts of tourism in Sri Lanka 

Tourism can have significant environmental impacts in Sri Lanka, particularly in areas of high tourist activity. Here are some of the environmental impacts of tourism:

• Overuse of Natural Resources: Tourism in Sri Lanka can lead to the overuse of natural resources, such as water, energy, and food, particularly in areas with limited resources. This can result in environmental degradation, including soil erosion, deforestation, and depletion of groundwater.
• Pollution: Tourism can also lead to pollution, including air pollution from transportation and waste disposal, water pollution from sewage and wastewater, and noise pollution from tourist activities.
• Habitat Loss: Tourism in Sri Lanka can lead to habitat loss, particularly in areas where tourism development occurs in sensitive ecosystems, such as coral reefs and rainforests.
• Climate Change: Tourism in Sri Lanka can contribute to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions from transportation, accommodation, and tourist activities. Climate change can have significant impacts on the environment, including rising sea levels, changes in precipitation patterns, and increased frequency and intensity of natural disasters.
• Wildlife Disturbance: Tourism in Sri Lanka can also disturb wildlife, particularly in areas with high levels of tourism activity. This can result in negative impacts on the behaviour and health of wildlife.
• Waste Management: Tourism in Sri Lanka can lead to increased waste generation, particularly in areas with high levels of tourism activity. Proper waste management is essential to prevent environmental pollution and degradation.

It is important for the tourism industry in Sri Lanka to take into account these potential environmental impacts and work towards sustainable tourism practices that minimise negative environmental impacts and promote environmental conservation. This can be achieved through measures such as responsible tourism practices, waste reduction and management, use of renewable energy sources, and conservation of natural resources and ecosystems.

Crime and safety in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is generally a safe country for tourists to visit, but like any other country, crime can occur. Petty theft, such as pickpocketing and bag snatching, can occur in tourist areas, particularly in crowded places like markets and public transportation. Tourists should take necessary precautions to avoid becoming victims of theft, such as keeping valuables in a secure place and being aware of their surroundings.

In recent years, there have been occasional incidents of violent crime in Sri Lanka, including some targeting tourists. It is important for tourists to stay vigilant and take precautions to ensure their safety, such as avoiding travelling alone at night and being cautious in unfamiliar areas.

Terrorism was a significant issue in Sri Lanka for many years, particularly during the civil war, but the country has made significant progress in addressing this issue. The government has taken measures to improve security, particularly in tourist areas, and tourists can generally feel safe when travelling in Sri Lanka.

It is also important for tourists in Sri Lanka to be aware of natural hazards in Sri Lanka, such as flash floods, landslides, and earthquakes, particularly during the monsoon season (May to September) and when visiting areas prone to these hazards.

Overall, tourists can have a safe and enjoyable experience in Sri Lanka by taking necessary precautions, being aware of their surroundings, and following local customs and regulations. It is always a good idea to stay informed about current events and travel advisories before travelling to any foreign country.

FAQ’s about tourism in Sri Lanka

Now that we know a bit more about tourism in Sri Lanka, lets answer some of the most common questions on this topic:

Q: What is the best time to visit Sri Lanka?

A: The best time to visit Sri Lanka is from December to March on the west coast and from April to September on the east coast.

Q: Do I need a visa to visit Sri Lanka?

A: Yes, most visitors to Sri Lanka need a visa. You can apply for an Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA) online before your trip or get a visa on arrival at the airport.

Q: What currency is used in Sri Lanka?

A: The currency used in Sri Lanka is the Sri Lankan Rupee (LKR). ATMs are widely available throughout the country.

Q: Is it safe to travel in Sri Lanka?

A: Yes, Sri Lanka is generally a safe country for tourists to visit. However, tourists should take necessary precautions to avoid becoming victims of theft and be aware of their surroundings.

Q: What languages are spoken in Sri Lanka?

A: Sinhala and Tamil are the official languages of Sri Lanka, but English is widely spoken, particularly in tourist areas.

Q: What are the most popular tourist attractions in Sri Lanka?

A: The most popular tourist attractions in Sri Lanka include Sigiriya Rock Fortress, Temple of the Tooth in Kandy, Yala National Park, and Galle Fort.

Q: What is the cuisine like in Sri Lanka?

A: Sri Lankan cuisine is known for its spicy curries, rice, and seafood. Vegetarian options are also widely available.

Q: What is the dress code for tourists in Sri Lanka?

A: Tourists should dress modestly and cover their shoulders and knees when visiting temples and other religious sites.

Q: What is the tipping etiquette in Sri Lanka?

A: Tipping is not expected but appreciated in Sri Lanka. A 10% service charge is often added to restaurant bills.

Q: What is the voltage and electrical socket type in Sri Lanka?

A: The voltage in Sri Lanka is 230V and the electrical socket type is Type D, Type G, and Type M. Tourists should bring a universal adapter.

To Conclude: Tourism in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka, with its harmonious blend of ancient heritage and lush landscapes, solidifies its place as a crown jewel of the Indian Ocean. As we’ve navigated its myriad attractions, from historical sites to pristine coasts, the allure of Sri Lankan tourism resonates profoundly. For travellers pursuing a rich tapestry of cultural encounters and natural beauty, Sri Lanka consistently delivers, ensuring memories that linger long after the journey concludes.

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The 12 best places to visit in Sri Lanka

Nov 9, 2023 • 9 min read

Polonnaruwa is famed for its ancient ruins, rock temples and Buddhist heritage © leodaphne / Getty Images

With rugged mountains, untouched beaches and fertile soil that grows coconuts, tea and spices, Sri Lanka offers travelers a wondrous mix of experiences unmatched for an island of its size.

Today the country’s rich heritage, delectable cuisine and astonishing wildlife are more accessible than ever, thanks to an ever-improving public transport system. Trains, buses, coaches and tuk-tuks carry visitors to all parts of the island at various price points. But with so many charming places to choose from, where does one start?

Depending on what you’re looking for – art, culture, history – what you put down on your Sri Lanka itinerary is bound to change. Still, here’s our selection of the best places to visit in Sri Lanka to get you started. 

Best for exploring on foot

No Sri Lanka itinerary is complete without Colombo , the country’s culturally diverse hub. (But not its capital – that’s actually Sri Jayawardenepura-Kotte!) An ideal first taste of Sri Lanka, with tuk-tuks, cars and buses rushing through busy lanes, Colombo is renowned for its landmark buildings around the cosmopolitan Fort district, including the terracotta-roofed Dutch Hospital . 

Be sure to spend some time at Galle Face Green , a seaside promenade where hundreds of families gather to dip their toes in the sea at sunset and children fly kites overhead. Order yourself isso wade , deep-fried prawn and lentil cakes, topped with spicy sambol , and people-watch. 

Planning tip: While Colombo is a safe and walkable city, tuk-tuks are inexpensive and convenient for getting around. Always check that your tuk-tuk has a working meter before you get in to ensure you pay the correct fare for your ride. 

2. Sigiriya

Best for history buffs and art aficionados 

With ornate ponds, royal sleeping chambers and majestic lion paws carved into the base of the rock, the colossal granite fortress of Sigiriya  is easily Sri Lanka’s most recognizable site, peeking out of a thick jungle canopy for a glimpse of the ancient kingdom of Kassapa.

Although its frescoes – images of bare-breasted women adorned in jewelry with flowers in their hair – are famous, the view from the top of the rock is unparalleled. A hush of calm echoes over the terraced summit, which covers 1.6 hectares (4 acres). 

Planning tip: Get here around 7am – the cooler morning air makes for a pleasant walk up the 1200 steps to the top. Aim to head back down before noon (before the rock surface gets too hot), stay hydrated and wear soft shoes with tread.

3. Anuradhapura

Best for experiencing Buddhist culture

Anuradhapura looks misleadingly like any other Sri Lankan town when you arrive: an unremarkable clock tower, a single train station and small shops lining a busy main road. But the town's simple facade gives nothing away regarding the enormous scale of its heritage as the heartland of Sri Lankan Buddhist culture.

The main feature of this area remains the sacred Sri Maha Bodhi tree, believed to have been planted from a cutting from the tree Buddha attained enlightenment under in Bodhgaya, India. Beyond this, Anuradhapura is bursting with archaeological wonders: colossal dagobas (stupas), temples, palaces and venerable Buddhist sites scattered among the jungles and villages of the area. 

Planning tip: Comfortable shoes are a must for walking between sites. Buddhist temples, even as ruins, are still places of worship, and footwear must be removed before entering. Carrying a scarf to cover legs and shoulders is always a good idea.

4. Polonnaruwa

Best for ancient archaeological wonders

Often twinned with a visit to Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa is also famed for its ancient ruins, rock temples and Buddhist heritage. 

As you gaze upon the 14m (46ft) reclining Buddha in Gal Viharaya and its surrounding carvings, you can’t help but imagine what went into creating these figures. The white, grey and black granite softens the details of these intricate carvings, and the scent of fresh flowers and incense, offered to the statues by devotees, floats through the temple's air. 

Don’t skip the remaining archaeological sites in the area, including the Royal Ruins , which can be visited in a day and contain closely grouped temples and stupas. 

Planning tip: If traveling toward Jaffna in the north of Sri Lanka, both Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa are great places to stay and break up the journey.

Best for a taste of Tamil culture

From the Jaffna Fort  to the architecturally marvelous Nallur Kandaswamy Kovil , a Hindu temple adorned with brasswork and staggering murals, Jaffna is a relaxed change from the rest of the country. Here you can immerse yourself in the culture and heritage of Sri Lanka’s largest ethnic minority: the Tamil people.

Once under Portuguese and Dutch occupation, today’s Jaffna is revitalized with up-and-coming restaurants. Of the several islands off the coast of Jaffna accessible by roads and ferries, Kayts – a hauntingly beautiful, quiet island of fishing communities – and Delft, with its wild ponies descended from horses abandoned by Dutch colonists, are worth a visit.

Planning tip: The Tamil-centric culture in Jaffna differs from the rest of the island. Be mindful of local customs, such as removing footwear when entering certain sites. This includes the Jaffna Public Librar y, where footwear is removed as a means of respecting the knowledge within the building.

6. Trincomalee

Best for an unspoiled beach vacation

Stretches of powdery soft beaches and calm waters meld with dramatic cliffside Hindu temples – among them the famous Kandasamy Kovil , with unmistakable ornamental architecture and a monumental statue of Shiva looking out to sea – for a touch of Sri Lanka that remains off most tourists’ radars. 

The coastline here is only disturbed by the occasional bit of driftwood or coconut husk washing ashore in the shallow waters, ripe for snorkeling, where miles of coral reefs and marine life thrive.

Planning tip: Public beaches here do not have lifeguards, and swimming and snorkeling should only be undertaken with a guide.

7. Dambulla

Best for pilgrim trails 

An important part of the country’s pilgrim trail, set within a quiet jungle that's home to the native toque macaque (aka toque monkey), Rangiri Cave Temple in Dambulla is the most visited place in Sri Lanka.

Expect troops of monkeys to accompany you on the walk up to the temple, inside which you'll find a series of five caves containing 150 well-preserved statues of Buddha alongside religious art, sculpted and painted into the rock.

Planning tip: Wear white or soft colors as a mark of respect, and expect crowds on full-moon days, which are holy days in the Buddhist calendar. While toque macaques are delightful to watch, they are wild and should never be approached.

8. Minneriya National Park

Best for witnessing the largest gathering of Asian elephants in the world

Herds of wild elephants – around 300 in number – graze nearly 9000 hectares (22,240 acres) of Minneriya National Park, where life centers around Minneriya Lake. Watch in awe (cameras at the ready, naturally!) as long trunks draw water and calves roll around on the banks in wet mud.  

Once a year, during the dry season, all 300 elephants gather around the banks of the lake to graze in a marvelous natural event known as "the Gathering." This also happens to be the largest gathering of Asian elephants in the world.

Planning tip: April to October is the best time to see the Gathering. Prebooking your safari and sharing jeeps helps to reduce the number of vehicles entering the park during this busy period.

Best for experiencing Sri Lanka’s Hill Country

An ideal day trip from Colombo, the train departs the city’s Fort Railway Station and pulls into the heritage town of Kandy in under four hours. As the train curves and winds around mountains to connect rural towns, wide windows frame the view of deep ravines and hillsides densely covered in emerald-green tea bushes. 

The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic and Kandy Lake , both must-do attractions for anyone visiting Sri Lanka, are easily reached via tuk-tuk from the station. 

Planning tip: Visitors are required to cover their arms, legs and shoulders when visiting the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic. The Kandy-to-Colombo train is an alternative way to experience Sri Lanka’s railway journeys, as popular towns such as Ella are 10 hours away from Colombo.

10. Kalpitiya 

Best for surfing enthusiasts

Despite attracting thrill-seekers from around the world, Kalpitiya retains most of its quaint coastal charm, with the exception of a Dutch-era fort that is occupied by the Sri Lankan navy. Cows, goats and donkeys stroll across the villages. Thatched-roof beach huts with outdoor showers offer that stereotypically pleasing surf-shack vibe, and most mornings you’ll wake to a crowing rooster. Most important, just 30km (19 miles) north of here at Vella Island, a narrow sandbar, you’re surrounded by tall, clear waves – kitesurfing heaven. 

Planning tip: The weather for kitesurfing is ideal between October to May, and there are several kitesurfing schools around Kalpitiya.

11. Kumana National Park

Best for spotting birds 

Known for its 200-hectare (494-acre) bird reserve, Kumana National Park is a birder’s dream, home to throngs of vibrant kingfishers and jungle fowl alongside 255 recorded species of endemic and migrating birds, all of which find sanctuary in the park's mangrove swamps and lagoons.

Expect to spot falcons and eagles as they soar above or peacocks shimmying on the ground. Also frequently spotted here: cleverly camouflaged crocodiles lying in wait on the sandy banks of the lake for a chance encounter with buffalo.

Cap off your trip here with a visit to the coastal village of Panama, which many visitors bypass in favor of bigger towns, such as Pottuvil and Arugam Bay . Between the tiny monastery under a rock, thatched-roof homes and dirt tracks through paddy fields, Panama is one of the most remote places to see.

Planning tip: Entrance to Kumana National Park is through the village of Okanda. Prearranging a guided jeep safari is best for enjoying the park. 

12. Adam’s Peak

Best for experiencing a night hike

Adam’s Peak (the footprint of Prophet Adam, in Islam), Sri Pada (the sacred foot of Buddha) and Samanala Kanda (the mountain of the butterflies and a reference to the local deity Saman) are multiple names given to Sri Lanka’s holiest peak, considered sacred by all religions on the island. 

Join thousands of pilgrims, dressed in white, in the early hours of the morning to hike slowly and quietly to the little temple at the top . Humble teahouses, resting places and shrines dot the landscape as you ascend. Pilgrims greet each other through blessings for a good climb. The hike to the top takes three to four hours, depending on the trail you choose. Aim to summit at dawn to catch the first rays of the sun wrapping around the mountain.

Planning tip: Adam’s Peak is 2243m (7359ft) high and a moderate climb. Ascending via Hatton and descending via Ratnapura is the shortest route, although steeper.

The full-moon days in December and May mark the beginning and end of the climbing season. During this period, set off earlier to sidestep the crowds, or expect slow and packed trails. Climbing in the offseason is not recommended, as it coincides with the southeastern monsoon.

This article was first published April 2021 and updated November 2023

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Tourism in Sri Lanka

Fernando, S., Bandara, J. S., & Smith, C. (2017). Tourism in Sri Lanka. In M. C. Hall & S. J. Page (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Tourism in Asia (pp. 251-264). Abingdon,Oxon, UK: Routledge.

Related Papers

Clement Tisdell

General background is provided on the potential of tourism growth to contribute to economic development, paying particular attention to the experience of Sri Lanka. An overview of trends in inbound tourism to Sri Lanka is presented with particular consideration being given to its number of inbound tourist arrivals. Sri Lanka’s comparative position in international tourism markets, the composition of its tourist arrivals by area of origin, the extent of foreign earnings by the Sri Lankan tourism industry and variations in the amount of these earnings, and the extent of employment generation by this industry are examined. Regional aspects of the tourism industry in Sri Lanka are given special consideration, and this is followed by a report on the regional economic impact of tourism of Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage. This major tourist attraction near the edge of the Western Highlands of Sri Lanka is shown to make a significant contribution to economic decentralisation. A general discussion follows of tourism development in the Sri Lankan context. The main factors that have hindered tourism growth in Sri Lanka and its decentralisation are considered. Indications are that major impediment posed by civil disturbance and terrorism is at an end in Sri Lanka.

Sriyantha Fernando

After the end of nearly three decades long civil war in 2009, Sri Lanka is experiencing a tourism boom with a record level of international tourist arrivals. The Sri Lankan government has now identified tourism as a main component in its post-war development strategy. Despite this new policy enthusiasm there is dearth of research on tourism in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to contribute to the literature on tourism in Sri Lanka in a number of ways. First, it provides a systematic historical narrative on Sri Lankan tourism and explains how Sri Lanka missed opportunities in the past. Second, it develops a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model focusing on tourism and constructs a database with an emphasis on tourism. Third, it examines the economy-wide effects of the post-war tourism boom in Sri Lanka.

Journal of Business and Technology

Sri Lanka has an ability to become one of the best tourism countries (TCs) in Asia. However, it missed opportunities on a number of occasions due to inappropriate economic policies, continuous political violence and wars. Since 1983 the Sri Lankan tourism sector was seriously affected by the nearly three decades of separatist war which ended in May 2009. Immediately after the end of war tourism in Sri Lanka bounced back and it now has become the engine of economic growth in post war Sri Lanka. In this paper, a historical analysis has been undertaken to demonstrate how Sri Lanka miss matched their development strategies in terms of tourism, although the country had potential to attract record number of tourists. The postwar tourism boom has given Sri Lankans and the Sri Lankan tourism sector new hopes and optimism. This paper demonstrates that the Sri Lankan tourism sector has potential and opportunities to play a vital role in the postwar inclusive development strategy in terms of generating much needed foreign exchange, poverty alleviation via employment generation, accelerating economic growth and uplifting living standards of all Sri Lankans.

Herath Madana Bandara

Sri Lankan tourism has managed to recover quickly since the end of war in 2009. After recognising the role of postwar tourism, the Sri Lankan government has launched a Tourism Development Strategy (TDS) plan. Sri Lanka Tourism is confident that the new strategic direction will move the country forward as a most sought travel destination in Asia while all stakeholders of the industry reap its benefits. This study evaluated the postwar tourism boom and the targets of Sri Lankan government's TDS and empirically explored the targets set in the TDS by using a simple econometric model. The econometric analysis suggests that tourist arrivals to Sri Lanka would increase by 21.5 per cent per year if the peaceful environment continues in Sri Lanka. There are a number of impediments to be recognised in achieving the targets set out TDS. It is clear that within the next few years, tourism industry will become a sustainable sector in the Sri Lankan economy being the top GDP contributor within next few years.

Srilal Miththapala

TSri Lanka tourism is yet again going through severe crisis. But this time the crisis is multi-faceted and of unprecedented proportions. Many service providers are barely managing to survive with several expected to ‘go under’ in the next few months. However tourism is one of the main sources of the much needed direct foreign exchange earning industries in the country. Hence it stands to reason that reviving the industry should be one of the government’s primary strategies by providing some relief to the providers. However at the same time there is a crying need to reach out and provide support to many needy poor families with some form of subsidy and help. With desperately limited resources which should the government chose?

Prabhasri Dumidu Akuranga

Tourism is the fastest growing industry in the world. Tourism in a destination is an amalgamation of inputs in economic, social, cultural and environmental resources. It is multi faceted and could not find a uniformed global structure but the structure is unique from country to another. Tourism could be define as one element of leisure. Internet facilities made the world smaller. Online reservation and searching systems for Hotel accommodation, air tickets and almost for everything minimized the time constrains for a traveler to plan his whole journey by his own. The number of tourists traveled over last 20 years made a business in total nearly 5 billion a year and every year 650 million tourists checked in to hotels, resorts , villas all over the world. It should be mentioned that the rapid development of the Information technology is one of the main reasons to today's fast paced tourism growth.

Professor Lalith Edirisinghe

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Tourism in Sri Lanka: One step forward, two steps back

A spiralling economic crisis is hurting tourism, a key source of dollars that had barely revived after three bad years.

Colombo, Sri Lanka – Tourism in Sri Lanka just can’t seem to catch a break.

Three years ago, the number of tourists was down 18 percent following the Easter Sunday bombings in April 2019. The coronavirus pandemic that followed in 2020 was particularly bad. Arrivals fell drastically and there were no signs of recovery until November 2021, when the government removed all quarantine requirements for fully vaccinated tourists, encouraging vacationers to come to the island state.

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It was a welcome change as tourism is the third-largest source of foreign exchange for the country – behind worker remittances and the apparel industry – a large employer and an important source of dollars that help the government run the country.

But now as Sri Lanka grapples with the worst financial crisis the country has ever faced, there are daily power cuts and people are forced to stand in kilometres-long queues to buy fuel and cooking gas . Inflation was 17.5 percent  in February and the government has further tightened its restrictions on imports, exacerbating shortages. All of this is once again keeping tourists away – at a time when the government is scrambling to find ways to repay an overwhelming amount of foreign loans and needs those tourist dollars. 

“We need to find solutions for these people as soon as possible,” President Gotabaya Rajapaksa said in his national address on Sri Lanka’s independence day earlier in February. “As such, whilst strictly adhering to health recommendations, we have acted to restart the tourism industry in a phased manner.”

Worsening economic conditions

“Business has been fantastic the last few months,” said Kate Hopkinson, a foreign national who owns a restaurant and a bed and breakfast in Weligama, a popular coastal town in the south of the country. The prevailing economic conditions, however, are making it extremely tough for her to keep her business running.

“Due to the gas shortage, we have to buy on the black market, food prices are skyrocketing, [and] flour and imported goods are getting harder and harder to source. We run an Italian restaurant and we need cheese, but that is in short supply because of the import restrictions and local alternatives are getting pricier due to the milk shortage,” Hopkinson said.

Hopkinson is not the only one suffering. Restaurant owner Rasika Lakmal and lifestyle and travel ambassador Paloma Monnappa operate tourism businesses in the popular coastal towns of Galle and Unawatuna.

“We are facing four- to seven-hour-long power cuts daily. Fishermen are forced to cut back on fishing due to the fuel shortage, [and] shipping containers with essential items are stuck at the port because the country doesn’t have the money to pay for them”, said Monnappa.

“Every time you think of a possible solution you’re faced with a new issue or obstacle. You buy a generator but there’s no diesel to run it. We are desperate for tourists, but how do we cater to them? My Sri Lankan friends tell me the economy wasn’t this bad even during the war,” she said.

While some restaurants are buying gas from other cities like Colombo and Matara, Lakmal says that’s not an option for him. “If we do that then it costs about 10,000 Sri Lankan rupees ($35), more than double the normal price. We can’t afford that,” he said.

Spillover from the Russia-Ukraine war

Sri Lanka’s usual top tourism source markets are India, China, the United Kingdom and Germany, but since tourism’s reopening, many visitors have been coming from the Eastern bloc, with Russia and Ukraine bringing in 25 percent of arrivals between January and mid-February, partly on the back of active marketing by the tourism authorities targeting those regions.

However, Western sanctions on Russia like the ban on the SWIFT international payment system have now spilled over onto Sri Lanka as well. “Inquiries from Ukraine and Russian nationals came to a complete halt,” Dimitra Fernando, who manages a chain of villas for tourists to rent, told Al Jazeera. “We had Russian guests who were already in the country, but they cancelled all their bookings with us because they did not have money to pay. They couldn’t use their cards, nor could they withdraw money.”

But the main issue continues to be Sri Lanka’s own economic situation. The UK government, for instance, updated its travel advisory for Sri Lanka and warned travellers of shortages and power outages. “Inquiries from the UK and Middle-Eastern market have slowed down so much after the travel advisories,” said Fernando. “We manage eight villas, but we have not had even one booking since.”

Nuwan Amarasuriya, who works for a travel agency that gets most of its business from travellers from the UK, told Al Jazeera that the agency’s clients are “very concerned” about the ongoing shortage of fuel and other essentials, “so we are constantly in touch with them to reassure them”.

Authorities have ensured that tourism vehicles would be given priority in fuel queues, but this has caused anger among locals who are forced to queue for hours. A heated argument broke out in a town in Colombo this week when police officers attempted to allow a tourist coach to pump fuel ahead of others.

Labour shortages

Immediate problems aside, the industry must also address its labour shortage.

Although tourism has been growing in significance for the Sri Lankan economy, it struggled with labour shortages long before COVID-19. In 2018, Malik Fernando, head of the industry body the Tourism Skills Committee, told a roomful of tourism stakeholders that the country needs 100,000 more tourism sector employees within the next three years. “Yet, we only train about 10,000 each year,” he said.

Lakmal has been struggling to find staff for his restaurant in Unawatuna most of whom have “moved on” to other occupations and industries after the last couple of bad years. “They are not interested in working in the tourism industry anymore,” he said.

With the ongoing economic crisis the skills shortage is likely to become more acute as many tourism workers are looking at moving overseas or are not interested in returning to an uncertain industry.

“The issue with the Sri Lankan tourism industry is the pay structure,” said Ahamed Nizar, a tourism consultant. “There is a low basic pay which is topped up with service charges and tips, but that depends on how well the property is performing. So obviously without any tourists, workers were earning next to nothing the last few years and it was very difficult to survive.”

Nizar says he’s seen many skilled tourism workers migrate while the unskilled workers have found alternate options with stable pay. One of his clients doesn’t offer a dinner service any more because of the shortage of staff, while another is making do with a skeletal staff, he said.

A bumpy road ahead

While COVID-19 appears to be in the rearview mirror as far as Sri Lanka is concerned, the worsening economic situation has cast a heavy shadow on tourism. The government’s attempt to preserve what little foreign exchange reserves it has with measures like restricting imports of food items has had a severe impact on the availability of essential goods.

“Some restaurants have had to close for days because of the gas shortage; some have had to remove or reduce their menu offerings due to the import bans and rising cost of local food items. The power cuts are very difficult to explain to tourists. They do empathise with our plight, but nobody wants to come on holiday and sit in the darkness and the heat,” sighs Nizar.

Sri Lanka: The Pearl of the Indian Ocean - Uncover Its Tourist Paradises

Tourism in sri lanka essay english 150 words.

Sri Lanka is one of the most elegant and attractive green tourist paradises in the world. Our country is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean and located near to South India. It has been very popular as the " pearl of the Indian Ocean " and Fortress of Theravada Buddhism. Today, Colombo is the biggest commercial city and the legislative capital is Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte. Sinhala, Tamil, Muslim, Burgher, Malay and other minority people live here. Sinhalese are the majority. All are very peaceful. There are so many things here for tourists to visit and enjoy.

This tourist destination is very rich with golden beaches, games, very high mountains, green rain forests, waterfalls with sceneries, beautiful tea estates, so many huge and long rivers. Furthermore, it has ancient heritage ruins of Sinhala Buddhist kingdoms. This heritage has a recorded history of more than 2500 years and thousands of archaeological sites including many huge incredible man-made world heritages like Sigiriya named by UNESCO.

essay about tourism in Sri Lanka English 300 words

A tourist can travel throughout the island easily. Almost all the roads are carpeted and they have a very good transport services; they are not much expensive. This small island only 65,610 square km. Therefore, different climates like hot and cool are possible to be accessed within a few hours.

Tourist also can go on safari in Yala, Kumana and Sinharaja forests and do camping to visit wild animals like elephants, leopards, tigers, beautiful birds etc.

Tasty food, quality accommodations are available everywhere. The smiling people live in the rich cultural of the country are very friendly and helpful. So, tourism in Sri Lanka provides utmost happiness and satisfaction.

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Impact of tourism on culture and sociology in Sri Lanka

The tourist industry is one of the largest and a key contributor to socio-economic development in developing countries, but rural tourism has been highlighted as a potential alternative source of income. Tourism refers to short-term or temporary departures from one’s customary residence and place of employment, ranging from a single night to a full year.

People travel for a variety of reasons, such as business, to see friends and family, for education, or for health. The activities that persons engage in while travelling are also part of tourism, such as sunbathing, going to a theme park, participating in religious rituals, skiing, or going to a corporate conference. Tourism has a significant economic impact and should be considered when developing rural areas with tourist attractions.

Sri Lanka is a developing nation that attracts tourists due to its diverse fauna, pleasant climate, cultural attractions, and natural beauty. Seven World Heritage Sites are in Sri Lanka, including six UNESCO-designated world heritage sites. The tourism industry contributes significantly to the country’s economy, accounting for 12 -13 percent of its GDP. However, the Covid-19 epidemic and the ongoing economic crisis have decimated the sector.

Tourism, Culture and Sociology

Tourism is the process by which individuals or a group of people visit places outside their usual surroundings and stay for up to one year for leisure, business or other purposes. Culture is the collective set of beliefs, behaviour, and material possessions that make up a people’s way of life. The study of people in social contexts, such as groups, organisations, cultures, and societies, is known as sociology.

Correlations

The development of a country’s tourism sector seeks to maximise the benefits of the sector and minimise its negatives. Culture is a crucial idea in the sociological perspective, as it affects people’s ideas and behaviour. The sociology of tourism focuses on the investigation of touristic motives, roles, linkages, and organisations as well as their impacts on tourists and the cultures they visit.

Local perspective

Tourism is a major contributor to development, providing tax revenue, foreign exchange earnings, income multiplier effects, and redistribution of income. It also aids in the integration and unification of communities, knowledge advancement, socio-cultural revaluation, and appreciation of the environment.

About 2.8 percent of the country’s gross domestic product, or US $ 367.00 million, was generated from tourism in 1995. It was around US $ 886 per person at the time, which equated to 414,000 tourists. The nation’s reliance on tourism has significantly risen in the past 25 years. Sales were $4.66 billion, or 5.6 percent of the national gross product, prior to the Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, the average cost of a trip to Sri Lanka for each visitor was $2,300. The Covid-19 pandemic caused a significant drop in tourism income in 2020.

Tourism is expanding quickly in the country, and it has long been a popular destination for tourists. Sri Lanka has been divided into a number of tourist regions by the Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority to promote the expansion of the tourism sector

Western Region: The Colombo and Greater Colombo Resort Region stretches from Negombo in the North to Mount Lavinia in the South. The zone is the focal point and the nation’s hub for conferences, business meetings, and sporting events in the Colombo city. International travellers can enter and exit through Colombo.

Eastern Region: The area stretches from Pottuvil in the South to Kuchchaveli in the North. Arugam Bay, Pasikudah, Trincomalee and Nilaveli are the principal tourist areas.

Southern Region: The South coastal zone stretches from Tissamaharama to Wadduwa. There are two major regions that make up the zone. From Wadduwa to Galle, the first region includes Kalutara, Beruwala, Bentota, Dedduwa, Madu Ganga, Balapitiya, Ahungalla, and Hikkaduwa. Unawatuna, Koggala, Weligama, Mirissa, Matara, Tangalle, and Hambantota are included as sub-points of the second region, which stretches from Galle to Tissamaharama.

Up Country Region: The up-country includes Nuwara Eliya, Bandarawela, and Maskeliya.

The Ancient Cities Resort Region is home to Anuradhapura, Dambulla, Kandy, Polonnaruwa, and Sigiriya, five World Heritage Sites. There are also the regions of Habarana, Giritale, Matale and Victoria.

Cultural tourism in rural development

Sri Lanka is a multi-cultural nation with a variety of celebrations, such as the Galle Literary Festival, Vesak Festival, Christmas, Ramadan Festival, Thai Pongal, and Kandy Esala perahera. It is one of the greatest tea growers in the world, and its handicrafts include woodwork, silverware, copper casting, ceramics, bamboo products, pottery, bars, textile work, jewellery, wooden masks, coir products, handlooms and ivory products.

Cultural tourism is an important component of rural development in Sri Lanka, providing direct employment, economic growth, social empowerment, better living conditions, cross-cultural interaction and improved tourism perception. Agrotourism, community-based tourism, cultural - based tourism, nature-based tourism and rural – based tourism have potential to alleviate poverty in rural areas.

The goal of cultural tourism is to increase the engagement of rural residents in the creation of cultural products which bring an advantage as getting an additional income for them. The impact of cultural tourism experiences on repeat visits of tourists is a major priority for the rural people. Sri Lanka has recognised tourism as a strategy for economic growth.

The majority of foreign and local guests to the country travel in Sigiriya, Polonnaruwa, Anuradapura, Kandy, Upcountry and the costal belt, which have cultural substances such as Sigiriya wall art paintings, ancient cities, Dalada Perahera, Traditional food, Safaris, beach entertainment, cultural dancing, religious events and locations, Cultural festivals, Agro – tourism, Eco- tourism and traditional dressing.

Rural people provide tangible and intangible items to attract tourist by focusing mostly on cultural items. Cultural handicrafts are unique items for attracting tourists, but the production needs to be modified so tourists can carry them easily.

Effects of tourism on culture and sociology

The impact of tourism on culture and sociology in Sri Lanka has been studied by many researchers. It can either be beneficial or negative depending on whether it improves or disrupts important characteristics of society. Economic, sociocultural, environmental and health are the typical categories used to define the impact of tourism.

Interactions between people from different cultural backgrounds, attitudes and behaviour and links to material possessions are examples of economic values. Direct environmental impact include increased harvesting of natural resources for food, indirect air pollution and changes to natural phenomena.

Tourism has a positive impact on culture and sociology, contributing to the development of infrastructure such as museums, resorts, parks and beaches. It also increases trade and business, creating employment opportunities and improving the economic prospects of the people. Promotion of local culture, arts, crafts and traditions, cultural engagement, understanding and preservation, as well as development of host communities and promotion of cultural values are among the most frequently observed positive effects.

However, the social and cultural effects of tourism need to be carefully considered since they have the potential to benefit or damage communities. Tourism growth can have a positive impact on quality of life by making it easier for residents to interact with visitors, encouraging cultural interchange, and increasing peoples understanding of other communities.

Cultural tourism also preserves local communities’ natural, historical, and cultural resources, teaches locals and visitors about the past and customs of their communities, strengthens and unites local communities, promotes civic and economic viability, and encourages local ownership of small businesses.

Tourism can have a negative impact on culture and sociology, such as the commercialisation and cheapening of culture and traditions, alienation and loss of cultural identity, undermining of local customs and ways of life, displacing traditional residents, expanding the gap between those who benefit from tourism and those who do not, conflict over land rights and resource access, harm to landmarks and facilities, loss of authenticity and displacement of traditional residents, and changes in lifestyle.

Tourism has negative effects on the health of the local population, such as increased noise pollution, disease transmission, traffic accidents, higher crime rates, crowding, congestion, and other stressful situations. Locals may also experience anxiety or depression due to their perceptions of the hazards related to mortality rates, food insecurity, and contact with infectious tourists. The United Nations Environment Programme has highlighted the serious socio-cultural consequences of tourism development, including prostitution and sex tourism.

Sri Lanka has chosen tourism as one of its main growth strategies, and its cultural and social landmarks have become one of the most popular travel destinations. However, there are many concerns and issues that need to be addressed to ensure the viability of the industry. These include tourism, conflicts of interest, unauthorised buildings and alterations, inappropriate tourist behaviour, misunderstandings and poor management.

Before further tourism development in those historical and cultural sites, the authorities must take steps to address related problems and issues otherwise, the country will suffer more adverse effects rather than the anticipated economic benefits.

(The writer is a M. Sc. Student - Development Communication and Extension, Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya.)

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August 2021. The dry season in Sri Lanka. The tropical sun shines bright and all of us kiters are getting shades darker! The vibes continue to be great, with a smaller crowd.

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Each day on this island promises new experiences, discoveries, and life-long memories. With so much to do,let us help you with these itineraries created just for you!

Things to See and Do

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A tropical paradise that looks too good be true? Don't just take our word for it, take it from the breathtaking shots by travellers just like you!

LONELY PLANET : BEST IN TRAVEL 2021

Endless beaches, timeless ruins, welcoming people, oodles of elephants, rolling surf, cheap prices, fun trains, famous tea and flavorful food make Sri Lanka irresistible.

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Our Agencies

• Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority
• Sri Lanka Tourism Convention Bureau
• Sri Lanka Institute of Tourism & Hotel Management
• Ministry of Tourism

Our Partners

• SriLankan Airlines
• Sri Lanka Airport & Aviation Services
• Department of Immigration and Emigration
• Electronic Travel Authorization System

Industry Associations

• Tourist Hotels Association of Sri Lanka
• Sri Lanka Association of Inbound Tour Operators

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