introduction essay on juvenile delinquency

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In This Article Expand or collapse the "in this article" section Juvenile Delinquency

Introduction, general overviews.

• Theoretical Foundations
• Families and Delinquency
• Schools and Delinquency
• Peers and Delinquency
• Communities and Delinquency
• Individual Factors and Delinquency
• Demographic Differences in Delinquency
• Anti-Delinquency Programs and Policies

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• Adverse Childhood Experiences
• Delinquency and Crime Prevention
• Developmental and Life-Course Criminology
• Gangs, Peers, and Co-offending
• Juvenile Courts
• Juvenile Justice Professionals' Perceptions of Youth
• Juvenile Waiver
• Marvin Wolfgang
• Prisons and Jails
• School Policing
• Self-Report Crime Surveys
• Social Ecology of Crime
• Substance Use and Abuse
• The Juvenile Justice System

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Juvenile Delinquency by Terrance J. Taylor LAST REVIEWED: 14 December 2009 LAST MODIFIED: 14 December 2009 DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780195396607-0026

Juvenile delinquency has received substantial recognition as a pressing social problem. What is encompassed by the term “juvenile delinquency,” however, is quite broad. Thus, various texts on “juvenile delinquency” may often focus on different topical issues. For example, some may examine serious and persistent youth violence, while others may focus on programs designed to prevent youth from engaging in more benign, everyday disorderly activities. In addition to general overviews and theoretical foundations of juvenile delinquency, the following readings are organized into key domains of risk or protective factors associated with delinquency. Specifically, topical areas include family, schools, peers, and community factors. Additionally, race, ethnicity, and delinquency are intertwined (although not always in the way that people expect). Finally, efforts to prevent and respond to juvenile delinquency are examined.

A number of excellent texts providing overviews of juvenile delinquency as a social problem exist. Some of these—for example, Shoemaker 2005 —focus on theoretical approaches for understanding the etiology of delinquency; others, such as Snyder and Sickmund 2006 , are purely descriptive, while still others, such as Howell 2003 , provide an important link between theory and policy. Consistent with a perception of an emergent “youth violence epidemic” and an emphasis on targeting serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders during the late 1990s and early 2000s, a number of relevant works emerged during this period. Thus, Howell, et al. 1995 and Loeber and Farrington 1998 provide excellent entrees into these areas. Similarly, a concern about increasing delinquency among very young offenders (those younger than twelve years old) provides the context for Loeber and Farrington 2001 . Tonry and Moore 1998 is a compilation of essays on youth-violence research and policy written by top scholars, providing an excellent introduction to the topic. Regardless of their emphases or scope, the following texts provide thorough coverage for those interested in learning more about juvenile delinquency.

Howell, James C. 2003. Preventing and reducing juvenile delinquency: A comprehensive framework . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

An excellent book examining history, trends, and anti-delinquency programs. Packed with detailed coverage of the issues, couched within the “Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Comprehensive Strategy,” this book is a must-read for undergraduate and graduate students, but also very useful for policymakers.

Howell, James C., Barry Krisberg, J. David Hawkins, and John J. Wilson, eds. 1995. Serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders: A sourcebook . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

A compilation of research studies examining serious, chronic, and violent juvenile offenders. Examines patterns and trends, risk factors, and strategies associated with the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’s Comprehensive Strategy for dealing with these youth.

Loeber, Rolf, and David P. Farrington, eds. 1998. Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

Another excellent compilation of studies associated with serious and violent juvenile offenders. Provides detailed information about the issue and ways in which society responds.

Loeber, Rolf, and David P. Farrington, eds. 2001. Child delinquents: Development, intervention, and service needs . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

A comprehensive introduction to research on young delinquents. Coverage of topics ranges from known risk factors to prevention and intervention programs aimed at child delinquents.

Shoemaker, Donald J. 2005. Theories of delinquency: An examination of explanations of delinquent behavior . 5th ed. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.

A very good undergraduate- or graduate-level text providing a comprehensive introduction to theories of juvenile delinquency.

Snyder, Howard N., and Melissa Sickmund. 2006. Juvenile offenders and victims: 2006 national report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

A publication from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention providing facts and figures about American juvenile offending and victimization. The definitive government source for recent figures. Available online .

Tonry, Michael, and Mark H. Moore. 1998. Crime and justice: A review of research . Vol. 24, Youth violence . Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.

A collection of essays from the leaders in the field. This volume focuses specifically on the problem of youth violence.

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141 Juvenile Delinquency Research Topics & Essay Titles

🔝 top-10 juvenile delinquency research topics, 🔎 research questions about juvenile delinquency, 🏆 best juvenile delinquency topic ideas & essay examples, 💰 poverty and juvenile delinquency topics.

• 💡 Interesting Juvenile Justice Research Topics

🛑 Juvenile Justice Topics on Delinquency Prevention

📌 simple & easy juvenile delinquency essay titles, 🖊️ research topics on juvenile delinquency in the us, 👍 good essay topics on juvenile delinquency, 📑 juvenile justice research paper topics, ❓ research questions on juvenile delinquency.

• The Impact of Media on Juvenile Delinquency
• Social Learning Theory and juvenile delinquency
• Methodologies Used to Measure Acts of Juvenile Delinquency
• Developing Solutions to the Juvenile Delinquency Problem
• Juvenile Delinquency and the Importance of Socialization
• The Cognitive Theory in Juvenile Delinquency
• Juvenile Delinquency is a Product of Nurture
• Poverty Areas and Effects on Juvenile Delinquency
• The Broken Homes and Juvenile Delinquency
• Single Parenthood and Juvenile Delinquency in Modern Society

Do you want some fresh research questions about juvenile delinquency? You’ll find plenty of them in the sections below!

Who Is Most Likely to Be a Juvenile Delinquent?

According to various studies, youth who have experienced violence, poverty, or family unsteadiness are more likely to break the law. Social factors like academic struggles, substance use, and peer pressure can also bring about criminal activity. Besides, males born to unmarried mothers under age 18 show a higher propensity for becoming chronic juvenile offenders than others.

What Crime Do Juveniles Commit the Most?

Property crimes, like theft, vandalism, and burglary, reign supreme among the most prevalent youth wrongdoings. Substance abuse is another widespread offense, which can also increase teens’ involvement in drug and alcohol crimes and even brutal acts, such as assault or homicide. Moreover, reckless driving, speeding, and driving under the influence are all concerning behaviors frequently seen in this age group.

Is Juvenile Delinquency Hereditary?

Studies show that children of criminal fathers tend to demonstrate higher rates of lawbreaking behaviors. Moreover, some males have a rare genetic abnormality — an extra Y chromosome, which has been connected to aggression. However, genetic predispositions do not guarantee delinquency. Factors like socioeconomic status, family atmosphere, and role models often play a far more significant role.

Are Parents to Blame for Juvenile Delinquency?

Family-based factors, like bad parenting, family conflicts, and home abuse, may increase teen delinquency risk. Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood with limited opportunities and easy access to illicit goods like drugs and weapons can further compound these chances. Conversely, strong parent-child bonds, adequate parental practices, and financial stability can protect youth from rash actions.

What Are the Effects of Juveniles Being Tried as Adults?

Trying young trespassers as adults is perilous. Adolescents can witness or even undergo violence from older inmates, which will leave them with permanent psychological wounds. Moreover, the stigma of a criminal record can make it challenging for teens to find educational opportunities or secure a decent job in the future. This, in turn, can raise their chances of recidivism.

• Juvenile Delinquency: Social Disorganization Theory Hence, according to Lopez and Gillespie, tenets of the social disorganization theory have been resourceful in the present-day juvenile delinquency system.
• Problems of Juvenile Delinquency The main aim of writing this paper is to carry out an examination of a juvenile delinquent in order to understand what pushes them into doing the act and applicable solutions which can be applied […]
• The Issue of Juvenile Delinquency At the onset of the industrial revolution, public awareness concerning the fair and ethical treatment of children in workplaces emerged. The role of supervising and guiding children is left to other children, grandparents, or hired […]
• Juvenile Delinquency: Impact of Collective Efficacy and Mental Illnesses The perception of collective efficacy can be defined as the consideration that the people in a neighborhood are trustable and can do their part to partake in social control to benefit a specific community.
• Juvenile Delinquency: a Case Analysis The tracking of the juvenile from juvenile court to adult court and then through the system is shown in the outline below: Arrest.
• Implementing an Arts Program to Help Curb Juvenile Delinquency and Reduce Recidivism Therefore, the pieces of art will be customized to rhyme with society needs of the targeted children and the adolescents. Some of the enrollees to this program will be delinquents.
• Juvenile Delinquency and Affecting Factors The information gathered, synthesized, and analyzed in the research with the help of the proposed question has future value as it identifies factors that can be impacted by the society representatives.
• Role of Family in Reducing Juvenile Delinquency Players in the criminal justice system recognize the contribution of family and familial factors to the development of criminal and delinquent tendencies and their potential to minimize minors’ engagement in illegal and socially unacceptable behaviors.
• The Problem of Juvenile Delinquency The addition of family context to the existing perception of adolescent crimes could be used to explore the core reasons for the crimes and to define possible methods for the prevention of juvenile crimes. The […]
• Juvenile Delinquency in Ancient and Modern Times The only policy related to juvenile delinquency existing in ancient Greece was the law that prohibited the youth in ancient Greece from beating their parents.
• Gangs and Juvenile Delinquency Hallsworth and Silverstone argues that although there have been a lot of violence, the main source is not quite clear and people live by speculations that the violence is linked to the emergence of a […]
• Juvenile Delinquency: Three Levels of Prevention It is made up of programs and ideals which are effective in treatment of the offender, reintegrating them in the society and limiting them from committing similar offenses. In conclusion, though most prevention programs are […]
• Day Treatment Centers and Juvenile Delinquency One of the core aspects that should not be disregarded is that such programs may be used as a particular assessment tool that would help to identify needs of a juvenile, and this approach may […]
• Court Unification and Juvenile Delinquency Speaking about the given issue, it is important to give the clear definition of this category and determine who could be judged by the juvenile court.
• Prevent Juvenile Delinquency in the USA Due to this fact, it is possible to describe the existing problem as the increase in the number of crimes that children commit.
• Juvenile Delinquency: Risk Assessment The investigatory processes to know the individual’s character and personality involve the use of complex and simple approaches, and these serve to provide organizations or institutions dealing with child welfare with important information that would […]
• Life Without Parole and Juvenile Delinquency The United States is one of the few countries which recognize the necessity of sentencing juveniles to life without parole. This is the main and only advantage of this approach.
• Juvenile Delinquency and Reasons That Lead to It Irrespective of the cause of juvenile delinquency, juvenile drug abuse is certainly most commonly related directly to either an increase or a decrease in any form of juvenile delinquency. This correlates to the increase in […]
• The Rise of Juvenile Delinquency and the Influence of Drugs Additionally, parents are the ones who know the strengths and weaknesses of the children since they spend most of their time together, their suggestions and views towards the crime committed should be handled with a […]
• The Concepts of Nature and Nurture in Modern Psychologist to Explain Juvenile Delinquency Hence any behavior exhibited by a juvenile that is in total contrast with the value demands of the larger society can be termed as Juvenile Delinquency. On the one hand, it is believed that Juvenile […]

Poverty is frequently seen as a crucial risk factor for delinquent behavior. Those who grow up in financially disadvantaged households are more prone to engage in unlawful conduct due to a shortage of resources, prospects, and positive role models.

Here are some topics about poverty and juvenile delinquency:

• The efficiency of juvenile justice programs in low-income communities.
• How does poverty affect recidivism rates among young offenders?
• Sentencing disparities among young criminals in wealthy and poor areas.
• Teenagers’ property crimes as a result of family income instability.
• The influence of unemployment rates on juvenile criminality trends.

💡 Interesting Juvenile Justice Research Topic

• Theories of Juvenile Delinquency Research showed individuals’ attitudes toward crime may herald their criminal behavior, in agreement with criminological theories such as control theory, learning theory and psychological theories like the theory of reasoned action.
• Criminology Theories and Juvenile Delinquency From the point of view of labeling theory, the initial drinking and the first fight at the party is John’s primary deviance.
• Juvenile Delinquency in the United States According to Pennsylvania laws, children at the age of 10 and above can be trialed as adults for first- and second-degree murders.
• Theories and Suggestions on Juvenile Delinquency The other factor is that the norms that governed relationships in the different family and societal set-ups such as in the school and the workplace are being challenged.
• The Phenomenon of Juvenile Delinquency They are very important in the proceedings and even have additional authority to propose a waiver of the subject. The judges are the other officials in a juvenile court system.
• Juvenile Delinquency: Causes and Intervention The role of the family and parents cannot be discounted in the causes of juvenile delinquency. The courts and the lawyers are involved in the trial and sentencing of juvenile offenders.
• Juvenile Delinquency: The Columbine Shootings This paper seeks to discuss and analyze the casual theory of juvenile delinquency by describing an instance of juvenile delinquency as highlighted in the mass media, by describing the casual theory of juvenile delinquency with […]
• Juvenile Delinquency Theories in the United States School and family are extremely important to juveniles regarding their worldview, and the failure of those communities to guide them may result in turning to questionable ideals and morals.
• Adolescent Diversion Project in Juvenile Delinquency Treatment in Michigan The focus of the program is to prevent future delinquency by creating social attachments to family and other prosocial youth by providing community resources and keeping individuals away from the juvenile justice system which can […]
• Crime Prevention and Juvenile Delinquency As a specific jurisdiction that will serve as the basis for assessing and implementing the provisions of the crime prevention program, the District of Florida will be considered.
• Juvenile Delinquency, Its Factors and Theories Under the individual risk factors, it is prudent to note that a lack of proper education coupled with lower intelligence might pose a serious risk to a minor in terms of engaging in criminal activities […]
• Factors Associated With Juvenile Delinquency Further, the authors propose that the family should be the main focus of prevention and clinical interventions and that establishment of social policy and programs should be directed to the family.
• The Issue of Juvenile Delinquency: Recent Trends Violence and other criminal actions attract the attention of the government and the general public, as they affect the life of the society adversely.
• Juvenile Delinquency Investigation The social learning theory that is a part of it suggests that children observe the behavior of others and replicate it.
• Juvenile Delinquency: Criminological Theories These include the broken windows theory, the culture of the gang theory and the social disorganization theory. Cohen developed the culture of the gang theory to explain the origin of juvenile delinquency.
• Juvenile Delinquency, Treatment, and Interventions The performance of the child in school is one of the individual factors that are likely to cause the child to get involved in violent behaviors.
• The Relationship Between Parental Influence and Juvenile Delinquency Parents that do not allow their children to play with their neighbors, or discourage their children from associating with particular families lead to the children developing a negative attitude towards the families.
• Juvenile Delinquency The defenders of the system on the other hand appreciate the marked role of juvenile justice system in rehabilitating juvenile delinquents and are advocating for the conservation of the system and reforming critical structures that […]

Juvenile delinquency prevention is predominantly achieved through early intervention, targeting the root causes and risk factors before they lead to criminal behavior. Effective programs typically comprise education, recreation, community involvement, and functional family therapy.

Juvenile justice topics on delinquency prevention are already waiting for you below:

• Comparing the effects of functional family therapy on young offenders worldwide.
• How can mentorship programs reduce juvenile crime rates?
• Anti-bullying school policies as a preventive measure for teen delinquency.
• The significance of community involvement in preventing youth offenses.
• Strategies for reducing gun violence in American schools.
• Psychological and Behavioural Impact of Substance Abuse on Juvenile Delinquents
• Roles of Family, School, and Church in Juvenile Delinquency
• Understanding Juvenile Delinquency and the Different Ways to Stop the Problem in Our Society
• Juvenile Delinquency and Crime as an Integral Part of the American Society
• Impact of Television Violence In Relation To Juvenile Delinquency
• The Vicious Circle of Child Abuse, Juvenile Delinquency, and Future Abuse
• Juvenile Delinquency, Domestic Violence, and the Effects of Substance Abuse
• The Explorers Program as a Preventative Measure in Juvenile Delinquency
• Juvenile Delinquency, Youth Culture, and Renegade Kids, Suburban Outlaws by Wooden
• The Alarming Rate of Juvenile Delinquency and Cases of Teenage Suicides in the U.S
• The Line Between Juvenile Delinquency And Adult Penalties
• Home Social Environment and Juvenile Delinquency
• The Effects of Neighborhood Crime on the Level of Juvenile Delinquency
• Interpersonal Learning Theory Plus Juvenile Delinquency
• How to Prevent Juvenile Delinquency in the U.S
• Relationship Between Juvenile Delinquency and Learning Disabilities
• The Impact of Television Violence and Its Relation to Juvenile Delinquency
• The Lack of Strong Parental Figures Causes Juvenile Delinquency
• Theories of Juvenile Delinquency: Why Young Individuals Commit Crimes
• Using Drugs and Juvenile Delinquency
• Theory of Social Disorganization and Juvenile Delinquency
• What Is the Best Way to Combat Juvenile Delinquency?
• The Marxist Crime Perspective On Juvenile Delinquency Of African Americans
• Juvenile Delinquency and Victimisation: Urban vs. Rural Environments

In the US, juvenile delinquency rates have been declining steadily, decreasing by 79% from 1996 to 2021. Yet, it remains a pressing social problem because young people continue to be arrested for crimes such as theft, larceny, assault, vandalism, and others. Combating this issue requires effort not only from the government but also from professionals involved in social work, social justice, and criminology.

Check out some research topics on juvenile delinquency in the US:

• The economic costs of juvenile delinquency in the US.
• Analyzing the ethical complexities surrounding juvenile sentencing in America.
• How does the US government respond to easy firearms access for teens?
• Characteristics of juvenile correction facilities in the US.
• The key strategies to reduce confinement among youth of color.
• Juvenile Delinquency And Its Effects On The Adult Justice System
• Juvenile Delinquency Contributing Factors Current Research and Intervention
• Impact Of Single Parents On Juvenile Delinquency Rates
• Video Game Violence Leading to Juvenile Delinquency
• Juvenile Delinquency: Exploring Factors of Gender and Family
• The Psychological Aspect of Juvenile Delinquency
• The Antisocial Behavior Leading to Juvenile Delinquency
• Lead and Juvenile Delinquency: New Evidence from Linked Birth, School and Juvenile Detention Records
• The Role of Family in Preventing Juvenile Delinquency and Behavioural Patterns of Children
• The Relationship Between Poverty and Juvenile Delinquency
• The Importance of Family in the Behavior of Children and in Preventing Juvenile Delinquency
• Preventing and Dealing with Juvenile Delinquency
• How Family Structures Can Play a Role in Juvenile Delinquency
• Juvenile Delinquency and A Child’s Emotional Needs
• Family Structural Changes and Juvenile Delinquency
• Left-Behind Children’s Juvenile Delinquency and Substance Abuse in China
• Juvenile Delinquency And The Juvenile Justice System
• The Curfew: Issues On Juvenile Delinquency And Constitutional Rights
• The Socioeconomic Triggers of Juvenile Delinquency: Analysis of “The Outsiders”
• Exploring the Root Causes of the Problem of Juvenile Delinquency
• The Rise of Juvenile Delinquency and the Flaws of the Juvenile Justice System
• The Causes And Possible Solutions Of Juvenile Delinquency
• The History of the Juvenile Delinquency and the Process of the Juvenile Justice System in Malaysia
• Child Neglect as a Potential Risk Factor to Juvenile Delinquency

If you need more ideas for your research paper on juvenile justice, read the paragraphs below to gain new insights!

Illiteracy and Juvenile Delinquency

Poor literacy is not directly linked to criminal convictions but can contribute to dropout rates and crime. As the National Assessment of Adult Literacy revealed, 70% of imprisoned adults cannot read at a 4th-grade level. It means they struggle to navigate everyday tasks and hold high-paying jobs, which leads them to criminal behavior and contributes to a cycle of poverty and incarceration.

Media and Juvenile Crimes

Violent video games and graphic television shows might contribute to desensitization to juvenile violence. Moreover, the media can glorify criminal lifestyles, making them seem more appealing than living a law-abiding life. These portrayals can influence some vulnerable youth who already struggle with aggression and impulsivity.

Child Physical Abuse and Juvenile Delinquency

Children who experience physical abuse are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior as teenagers and even commit crimes as adults. The trauma and emotional struggles from abuse can lead to antisocial behavior like running away or skipping school. Only supportive relationships with positive adults and mental treatment can help buffer the adverse effects of abuse and reduce the risk of future delinquency.

Drug Use and Juvenile Delinquency

Drugs and crime go hand-in-hand for numerous teens. As per the Bureau of Justice Statistics, about 84% of young offenders in juvenile facilities have ever used drugs. Drugs can impair judgment and fuel risky behavior, increasing the probability of criminal activity. This problem should be handled by a multifaceted approach, including drug treatment programs and psychological help for the underage.

Gang Violence and Juvenile Delinquency

Teenage gang membership can be driven by various factors, such as a sense of connection, peer pressure, family protection, or financial gain. The outcomes of gang membership may be life-threatening, especially for individuals under 18. They can be forced into drug and alcohol consumption, age-inappropriate sexual behavior, be removed from their families, end up in prison, and even die.

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• Criminal Procedure Titles
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

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