essay on school playground for class 9 in english

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School Education /

Essay on Playground for Children in English for School Students

Updated on
May 21, 2024

Essay on Playground: A playground is a vibrant space where children engage in recreational activities, fostering physical, social, and cognitive development. It serves as a haven for exploration, creativity, and joyful interactions, promoting health and well-being in communities worldwide. Let’s discuss an essay on playground to understand their importance in our lives.

Table of Contents

1.1 Physical Development
1.2 Social Interaction
1.3 Cognitive Stimulation
1.4 Safety Measures
1.5 Community Engagement
1.6 Conclusion
2 Essay on Playground in 200 Words

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Essay on Playground in 500 Words

Playgrounds serve as more than mere recreational spaces; they are essential arenas for fostering children’s holistic development. With a blend of physical challenges, social interactions, and cognitive stimulation, playgrounds play a pivotal role in shaping the future generation.

Physical Development

At the heart of playgrounds lies the promotion of physical activity, crucial for developing gross motor skills, balance, and coordination. Climbing structures strengthen muscles, while swings promote sensory integration and spatial awareness. The varied terrain encourages exploration, enhancing agility and proprioception. Additionally, outdoor play fosters a connection with nature, promoting healthier lifestyles and reducing the risk of childhood obesity.

Social Interaction

Playgrounds act as bustling hubs where children learn vital social skills. Through unstructured play, they navigate social dynamics, negotiate conflicts, and develop empathy. Cooperative games foster teamwork and communication, while imaginative play encourages creativity and problem-solving. Moreover, playgrounds facilitate interactions across diverse backgrounds, fostering inclusivity and cultural understanding.

Quick Read: Essay on Voting Rights in India: 500 Words in English for Students

Cognitive Stimulation

Beyond physical activity, playgrounds provide valuable cognitive stimulation. Imaginative play nurtures creativity and divergent thinking as children invent scenarios and role-play different roles. Navigating playground equipment enhances spatial reasoning and problem-solving skills. By experimenting with cause and effect, children learn valuable lessons about risk-taking and decision-making.

Safety Measures

While playgrounds offer numerous benefits, safety remains paramount. Proper surfacing materials, such as rubber mulch or synthetic turf, cushion falls and reduce injuries. Regular maintenance ensures equipment remains safe and functional, while supervision by caregivers promotes responsible play. Furthermore, inclusive design principles accommodate children of all abilities, creating a welcoming environment for everyone.

Community Engagement

Playgrounds serve as focal points for community engagement, fostering social connections among families. They provide opportunities for parents to interact while their children play, strengthening neighbourhood bonds. Community-led initiatives, such as volunteer clean-up efforts or fundraising for new equipment, promote a sense of ownership and pride in local parks.

Playgrounds are indispensable for children’s development, offering a multifaceted approach to physical, social, and cognitive growth. By providing safe and stimulating environments for play, communities can nurture the next generation of healthy, empathetic, and creative individuals. Recognizing the importance of outdoor play in a digital age, investing in playgrounds becomes essential for building resilient and thriving communities. Through collaboration and commitment, we can ensure that playgrounds remain vibrant spaces where children can thrive and flourish.

Essay on Playground in 200 Words

A.1 A playground, playpark, or play area is a place designed to provide an environment for children that facilitates play, typically outdoors.

A.2 My school has the largest playground in the entire city, This playground is better than the other one. We play in the playground in the evening. The playground is swampy because of rain.

A.3 A playground is made for physical and sporty activities like running, jumping, football, cricket, badminton, hockey, etc.

Aayushi Vardhan

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The School Playground

Essay > English Essay >

There is a good playground in our school. It is just close to the school. It has green grass looking like green velvet all round the ground.

There are green shrubs which are beautifully trimmed. There is a gardener to water and look after it. It is divided into 4 parts. We play football, hockey, cricket and volleyball. It is compulsory for every student to take part in games. Each game is in the charge of a teacher. The games begin at half past five.

It is pleasant sight to see all the students at play. The headmaster and the Teachers join the games. There is a wave of joy and happiness everywhere. All look bright happy and jolly.

Category: English Essay , Essay , Short Essay ( 50 - 100 words)

Tags: 100 words essay , Essays for Kids

One Comment

Aminahafeez I want a descriptive essay on this topic so plzzz Reply February 20, 2021 at 5:03 PM

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Essay on School Playground

Students are often asked to write an essay on School Playground in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on School Playground

The importance of a school playground.

A school playground is a vital part of a student’s life. It is not just a place to play, but also a space for learning and development.

Playground as a Learning Space

The playground is where students learn about teamwork, leadership, and fair play. It is also where they develop physical strength and coordination.

Playground and Mental Health

Playing in the playground helps students relieve stress and improve their mood. It is a place where they can freely express themselves and enjoy their childhood.

In conclusion, a school playground plays an essential role in shaping a student’s overall development.

250 Words Essay on School Playground

The importance of school playgrounds.

School playgrounds, often overlooked, play a critical role in the holistic development of students. They serve as a physical and emotional release for children, providing a venue for spontaneous play, which is essential for cultivating social skills, physical health, and emotional well-being.

Playgrounds as a Social Hub

Playgrounds act as a microcosm of society, where students learn to interact, negotiate, and build relationships. They learn the principles of cooperation, teamwork, and leadership, skills that are not easily taught in the confines of a classroom.

Physical and Mental Health Benefits

Physically, playgrounds provide the necessary space for students to engage in physical activities, promoting fitness and overall health. They help combat the sedentary lifestyle that is increasingly prevalent among children today. On the mental front, playgrounds can serve as a stress-buster, providing a much-needed break from academic rigors.

Encouraging Creativity and Imagination

Playgrounds also foster creativity and imagination. The unstructured nature of playground activities allows students to invent games, solve problems creatively, and explore new ideas, promoting cognitive development.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite their benefits, school playgrounds often face challenges such as safety concerns and lack of resources. However, these challenges present opportunities for innovation, such as designing safer, more engaging playgrounds, and incorporating technology to enhance the playground experience.

In conclusion, school playgrounds are much more than just physical spaces for play; they are crucial for students’ social, physical, and cognitive development. As such, they warrant more attention and investment from educators, parents, and policymakers.

500 Words Essay on School Playground

The essence of a school playground.

A school playground is more than just a place for students to run around during recess. It is a vibrant hub of activity, a place where children can exercise, socialize, and learn valuable life skills. It serves as a microcosm of the larger world, providing students with a safe and controlled environment in which they can explore, experiment, and grow.

The Role of Playgrounds in Physical Development

Playgrounds are essential for the physical development of students. They provide a space for various forms of physical activities such as running, jumping, climbing, and playing games. These activities not only contribute to the physical well-being of students but also help them develop motor skills, coordination, and balance.

Playgrounds as Social Arenas

The playground is also a social arena where students learn to interact with their peers. It’s here where they learn the art of negotiation, cooperation, and conflict resolution. They learn to share, take turns, and work as a team. These are critical skills that will serve them well in their future personal and professional lives.

The Educational Value of Playgrounds

The psychological impact of playgrounds.

From a psychological perspective, playgrounds play a vital role in the mental health of students. They provide a much-needed break from the structured classroom environment, allowing students to relax, unwind, and reduce stress. This is particularly important in today’s high-pressure academic environment, where students often face significant stress and anxiety.

Playgrounds as Spaces for Inclusion

Inclusion is another important aspect of school playgrounds. They are spaces where all students, regardless of their abilities, can come together to play and interact. This promotes a sense of belonging and acceptance among students, which is crucial for their self-esteem and overall well-being.

The Future of School Playgrounds

In conclusion, the school playground is an indispensable part of the educational landscape. It is a place that fosters physical, social, intellectual, and emotional development in students. It is a testament to the fact that learning is not confined to the four walls of a classroom but can occur in any environment that stimulates curiosity, interaction, and growth.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

Happy studying!

English Essay, Paragraph on “A Scene at the Playground” Essay in 300 words for class 8, 9, 10, and 12 Students.

A scene at the playground.

Julia and her two sisters were at the playground with their cousin who had come to visit. It was the year-end school holiday and the children were very bored.

The playground was quite crowded as many children were there to play. The four children went to play on the slide before going to the swing section. Julia’s sisters, June and Jane asked their cousin to have a competition to see who can swing the highest. Their cousin agreed. Being a more adventurous girl, their cousin stood on the swing and began to swing vigorously.

June and Jane laughed loudly and they too began to swing as high as they could. Julia who was supposed to be judging became worried when she saw that her cousin was swinging very high.

“Kelly, be careful! You should be seated!” Julia shouted but her cousin did not listen. The next moment, her cousin lost her balance and grip and fell off the swing. The three girls screamed when they saw their cousin falling and landing on the ground.

Kelly cried out in pain. Fortunately, the playground was made of some softer material so Kelly did not sustain any serious injuries. Feeling insecure, Julia told Kelly that she would have to send her to the clinic so that the doctor can examine her and give her a thorough check.

At the clinic, the doctor checked Kelly’s arms and legs and found no signs of fracture. He told Kelly to be careful the next time. Kelly nodded her head and kept quiet. She was still a little shaken.

The four of them then headed home. Back at home, Kelly apologized for giving them a scare.

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Paragraph on ‘Playground’

‘Playground’ is one of the important topics on which students can be asked to write a paragraph in exams in school. Please check the various samples (in 100 words, 150 words, 200 words, and 300 words) provided below for the paragraph.

Paragraph on “Playground” in 100 words

A playground is a place where kids can play. Typically, they have playthings for kids to use, like slides, swings, and seesaws. A playground can improve your pavement surface and make your kids enjoy the playground more. Usually, they are outside, but occasionally, they are inside a building.

The playthings could be made of plastic, wood, or metal. If a youngster falls, the surface beneath the apparatus won’t be hard. You might find sand, woodchips, or a rubber floor there. You might find sand, woodchips, or a rubber floor there

Children can get some exercise on playgrounds. Not only children but adults can also use playgrounds to play and exercise.

Paragraph on “Playground” in 150 words

A playground is an area where children go to play many outdoor games. It can be a small or a big area. A playground is a completely enclosed area which is full of equipment including swings, a merry-go-round, seesaws, slides, etc. There are short green grasses all over the playground. Generally, it is maintained by the gardeners.

Often the playgrounds are thoughtfully designed and maintained. In large playgrounds, there are spaces divided for different outdoor games like cricket, volleyball, football, etc. Sometimes, the playground also has beautiful fountains and flowering plants that enhance their beauty to a greater extent.

People visit the playground for morning and evening walks. There are playgrounds for adults that offer exercise machines and walking paths. Thus, they get stronger and healthier and are able to maintain their physical condition. There are also benches available for elderly people. People also go there for picnics with their friends and family.

Paragraph on “Playground” in 200 words

The importance of playgrounds to civilization cannot be overstated. They support people in maintaining their health and fitness. It is highly healthful to move around a number of trees and walk on the grass. People feel happier and less stressed as a result of it. People get together and enjoy their time with their buddies. Children can play safely and unharmed in parks because there are no vehicles there. In addition, parks enhance the beauty and greenery of our environment. The playground area has been planted with trees, which is advantageous for the environment.

There are several reasons why people visit playgrounds. In the evening, kids go play with their pals on a playground. Many people visit there for a stroll in the morning or the evening to take in the scenery and the fresh air. Some people work out and practise yoga together in groups. Some individuals travel there to engage in pastimes like reading, drawing, or cycling.

Parks and playgrounds are being destroyed nowadays to make way for homes and buildings. When kids play on the road, they risk their safety. Our environment is negatively impacted by the lack of trees in the area. Everybody must maintain one playing area in a neighbourhood that is clean and lush.

Paragraph on “Playground” in 300 words

A playground is a component of any area. The healthy development of a personality requires both mental and physical development. In light of this, a playground is selected that is excellent in many ways. Almost every locality has its specific area for a playground. Children play many games and find it enjoyable to play there.

Many playgrounds have special areas for different games like cricket, volleyball, football, tennis court, etc.

A playground has numerous trees and flowering plants that enhance its beauty and make its ambience calm and pleasant.

In my locality, the playground also contains a large swimming pool for those interested in swimming. People also get swimming training there.

A playground plays a vital role in the fitness and well-being of humans. It allows people to directly interact with mother nature. Playing in the open playground and close to nature helps toddlers to develop physically, mentally as well as socially. It is also found in studies that playing freely in a natural environment has a soothing influence on issues with discipline and impulsive behaviour. Visiting a playground makes people stress-free and relaxed.

That’s the reason that the schools give importance to having a playground for the students. The more exposure kids get to outdoor play activities, the better their physical health will be. Activities that include climbing, stretching, balancing and sliding can be added to a school playground. Muscle strength, mental acuity, motor abilities, and strategic behaviour are all enhanced by outdoor exercise. Playing in the playground also enhances social interaction among the children. The kids have the chance to talk, connect, and gain confidence while playing this group activity. It also stimulates creativity in children.

Having a good playground is helpful for keeping kids active and healthy. In India, playground equipment in schools has a favourable effect on kids’ behavioural, social, physical, and cerebral development. Other benefits include a stronger immune system, improved critical thinking abilities, and higher self-esteem.

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Composition / Paragraph / Essay Writing

My school playground.

My school has a big playground.
I play there with my friends every day.
We have swings and slides.
I love to swing high in the air.
There is also a sandpit where we build castles.
We run and play games like tag and hide and seek.
The playground is very colourful and fun.
There are many trees that give us shade.
We eat our snacks under the trees.
I feel happy and excited when I play in my school playground.

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Class – 9 English Guide [Teachers’ Notes] New Curriculum

January 22, 2024

Introduction

This class – 9 English Guide has been prepared as a teacher’s note to help students and the English language teachers to carry out the lesson easily. Students and teachers are requested to not rely on the given sample answers but rather use their original creativity which will foster better language ability. However, it is expected, the guise will definitely direct you in the right direction of reading comprehension and the appropriate grammar.

Audio For Listening

Click the ⇒ to access the exercises.



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Unit – I Travel and Holidays

Poon hill yoga trek in nepal.

Look at the picture and answer the questions.

What do you think the man in the picture doing?

Answer: The man in the picture is sitting on the lap of the Himalayas and doing Yoga.

Are you planning to travel or go on a holiday this year?

Answer: Yes, I am planning to go on holiday this year. I will go to Chitlang which is in Makawanpur district.

A. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.

Column A Column B

magnificent vi. extremly attractive and impressive.

glaciers v. rivers of ice

hotspot vii. a place of significant activity

astonished ii. surprised; amazed

enchanting i. charming

flora and fauna iii. plants and animals

perennial iv. everlasting; never-ending

B. Circle the best answer.

a. What are the visitors expected to achieve the most in this package holiday?

i. enjoyment of panoramic views of mountain and landscapes

ii. plenty of physical activity in the lap of nature

iii. self-transformation with Yoga in serene hill stations

b. What will the visitors do on the first day of their tour?

i. go to Pokhara

ii. discuss the programme

iii. practise Yoga for an hour

Where will they stay on the fourth day?

i. at Tikhedhunga

ii. at Banthanti

iii. at Ghorepani

What is the destination of the visitors on the sixth day?

i. Ghorepani

ii. Tadapani

iii. Deurali

Which place will the tourists visit last as a part of the package?

i. Ghandruk

ii. Nayapul

iii. Pokhara

C. Answer the following questions.

a. List any two advantages of the Yoga trek in the Nepali hilly region.

⇒The list of two advantages of the Yoga Trek in Nepali hilly region are:

it strengthens body, mind and soul and
it provides a chance to enjoy the attractive natural environment.

b. Who can take part in this Yoga trek programme?

⇒ Tourists, visitors or anybody interested can take part in this Yoga trek programme.

c. What would you enjoy the most in Ghandruk if you were one of the visitors? Why?

⇒ Ghandruk is a Gurung village which is the most interesting ethnic village in Nepal famous for its Gorkha soldiers. I would enjoy its excellent close-up views of Annapurna South and Machhapuchhre Himalayas most if I were one of the visitors.

d. How many days do the visitors do Yoga during the programme?

⇒ The visitors do Yoga for five days during the programme.

e. How is the Yoga hour mainly managed every day on this holiday trek?

⇒ The Yoga hour is mainly managed every day after tea on this holiday trek.

A. Study the following sentences.

A: Did you call your mother? B: Oops, I’ve forgotten! I’ll do it right now.

I can’t decide what to wear tonight. I think I’ll wear my pink saree.

The bus will arrive here soon.

They have bought a lot of chocolates. They are going to have a party.

They are packing luggage. They are going to enjoy their vacation.

The sky is overcast. It is going to rain.

I’m meeting Jane at 8 o’clock on Saturday.

A: We’re having a party next Saturday. Would you like to come?

B: I’d love to. But I’m quite busy that day.

I’m visiting my grandparents next week.

Are you doing anything interesting this weekend?

Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.

It’s really hot here. ……. a window.

I’ll open ii. I’m opening

I’ve told my bank to close my account. ………. an account in another bank.

I’ll open ii. I’m going to open

A: Would you take tea or coffee?

B: ……… coffee, please.

I’ll have ii. I’m going to have

I’ve decided that ……… to the class teacher about my family situation.

I’ll speak ii. I’m going to talk

What ……… when you complete your studies?

are you going to do ii. will you do

I’m tired of the way he charges me so much for photocopies. _____ a cheaper one.

I’m going to look for ii. I’ll look for

I would love to go out with you tomorrow but ……… dinner with Dolma.

I’ll have ii. I’m having

I can’t come to class next Monday.………a tooth taken out.

I’ll have ii. I’m having

Reading II Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

Where do you think the man in the picture is?

Why do you think he has stopped there?

Find the words from the text for the following meanings.

an area of trees, smaller than a forest – woods

strange or unusual – queer

the main house on a farm, usually where the farmer lives – farmhouse

a set of leather and metal pieces that is put around the body of a horse – harness

movement of the air – sweep

covered in something very soft – flake

B. Choose the best answer.

a. Why does the speaker stop while on the journey?

i. to watch the woods filled up with snow √

ii. to find food for his or her horse

iii. to say hello to the owner of the woods

iv. to go skating on a frozen lake

b. What is the setting of the poem?

i. the woods on a bright, snowy afternoon

ii. a village on a dark, snowy evening

iii. a frozen lake on a bright, snowy afternoon

iv. the woods on a dark, snowy evening √

c. Which one of the following statements is true?

i. The woods are far away from the village. √

ii. The woods are near some houses.

iii. The owner of the woods and speaker are friends.

iv. The speaker of the poem does not like the owner of the woods.

d. How did the horse respond when the speaker stopped there?

i. stood calm

ii. did nothing

iii. shook its harness √

iv. asked the speaker a question

e. What does ‘miles to go before I sleep’ mean?

i. The speaker feels tired and sleepy.

ii. The speaker has lots of desires to fulfill.

iii. The speaker has lots of responsibilities to fulfill. √

iv. The speaker has a long distance to travel.

C. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the box to complete the summary of the poem.

promises traveller journey death the woods destination

The poet compares human life with a journey the speaker of the poem is a traveller He has to reach his destination before taking a rest. However, he is distracted by the momentary pleasure in the form of the woods His companion, the horse, reminds him of his promises in life. The speaker realizes that he has to fulfill many responsibilities before his death

Use the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets to complete the sentences.

As per the schedule, the train …………….… (leave) at 3 o’clock.

Look, that aeroplane is looking shaky! It ……………..…… (crash).

My daughter says she …………… (be) a doctor when she is older.

Tomorrow …………….……… (be) a sunny day, according to the weather forecast.

A: What ……….…… (do) tomorrow evening?

B: Nothing special. I think I ………….…… (stay) at home.

It’s very stuffy here. Don’t worry, I ………………..… (open) the windows for you.

Ann is driving. There is very little petrol left in the tank. The nearest petrol station is a long way from here. She …… (run) out of petrol.

There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. It is filling up with water quickly. It……………(sink).

is going to crash

wii you do will stay

is going to run

is going to sink

Write a letter to your friend describing your travel plans for your upcoming holiday or visit. Take help from the following questions to write your letter.

Unit 2 Health and Hygiene

Reading i – the acceleration behind telehealth services.

Before you read the interview below, answer these questions.

How do you get advice from a doctor?

What do you know about telehealth services?

A. The meanings of some of the words from the interview are given below. Find the words and fill in the crossword puzzle.

psychological treatment of people using dialogue PSYCHOTHERAPY
the process of sorting patients TRIAGE
to prepare and arrange to DEPLOY
special department of a hospital for intensive care of patients ICU
to include as a part INCORPORATE
identification of nature and cause of a disease DIAGNOSE
not having sufficient service UNDERSERVE
epidemic over a wide geographical area PANDEMIC

B. Read the interview again and write whether the following statements are True or False.

a. Internet service is necessary to use telehealth services. True

b. While providing telehealth services, health professionals are at high risk of being infected due to exposure to patients. False

c. Telehealth service can be the best alternative to face-to-face service. False

d. The problem with the lack of medical staff will be solved greatly with telehealth technology. True

e. The success of telehealth programmes depends on the infrastructure and the best use of IT tools. True

Answer the following questions.

a. What is telehealth service?

⇒ Telehealth is a method of providing medical care remotely, usually through video chat.

b. What are the advantages of using telehealth programmes?

⇒The advantages of using telehealth programmes are they can be faster, safer, more effective and less expensive.

c. Why, according to Dr. Chang, is the telehealth service growing rapidly?

⇒According to Dr. Chang, the telehealth service is growing rapidly because of global COVID 19 pandemic which forced to keep social distancing and minimal physical contact.

d. How is the telehealth programme important during a pandemic?

⇒ It is important during pandemic, where telehealth has allowed access to medical care without going to hospitals to protect patients and hospital staff from being exposed to the infection.

e. Why are the patients in remote areas not getting adequate health services?

⇒ The patients in remote areas are not getting adequate health services because of the lack of monitoring.

f. Mention the top three challenges of telehealth services.

⇒ The top three challenges of telehealth services are lack of infrastructure, insufficient hardware and the right technology for each specialty.

Study what the people in the picture are saying.

Choose the correct answer.

I need help, doctor. My baby doesn’t sleep well. What …………. ?

i. had I better do ii. should I do iii. I should do

The aeroplane only allows two pieces of luggage. You …………… pack too much or you will have to take it out at the airport!

i. had better not ii. better not iii. had not better

A: I think that the grade my teacher gave me on my test is wrong.

B: Really? You ……………….. to her after class today.

should to talk ii. ought to talk iii. ought talk

It’s raining and I don’t want to get my dress wet. I…………..an umbrella.

had better not take ii. had better to take

iii. had better take

Dinesh loves chocolate, but he ………………..too much or he will put on weight.

shouldn’t eat ii. should eat not iii. should eat

My mother isn’t feeling well, so I told her that she …………. to the doctor.

ought go ii. ought to go iii. ought

A: It’s so hot.

B: You ……………your jacket!

i. should take off ii. should put on iii. should to take off

I’m going to visit your country. Where …………. if I want to go shopping?

should I go ii. I should go iii. ought to I go

Reading II – Health is Wealth

Look at the picture and answer these questions.

Who do you think the person in the picture is; a king or a wrestler? Why?

How has he put on so much weight?

Do you think he is healthy?

The person in the picture is a king because he has worn the crown.

He has put on so much weight because of his lazy manner and his habit of eating a lot.

No, I don’t think he is healthy. He might have various problems due to obesity.

A. Learn these words and complete the sentences with them.

benevolent couch potato obesity devotee strenuous

a. ………….. can increase the risk of heart disease because obese people are likely to suffer from heart problems.

b. My father is kind, helpful and generous. He has a…………….. attitude.

c. Take rest for a week. Avoid tasks which require ………. physical activity.

d. I like God Shiva. I’m actually a ………………… of him.

e. My younger sister is a great ………… She can watch TV 24 hours a day.

couch potato

B. Answer the following questions.

a. Why did people not like the king though he was kind?

⇒People did not like the king though he was kind because he was very lazy and wouldn’t do anything other than eating and sleeping.

b. Why were the specialists called to the palace and offered huge prizes?

⇒ The specialists were called to the palace and offered huge prizes to make the king fit and healthy.

c. Why did the minister become so happy?

⇒ The minister become so happy because the holyman told him that he could easily cure the king.

d. Why did the holyman tell the king to come to his place on foot for treatment?

⇒ The holyman told the king to come to his place on foot for treatment because the king would become thin due to hard physical exercise.

e. Why did the holyman disappear after the first meeting with the king?

⇒ The holyman disappeared after the first meeting with the king because he wanted the king to repeat the physical exercise again and again.

f. How did the king recover his health?

⇒ The king recovered his health by walking a long distance regularly on foot.

g. What lesson did you learn from the story?

⇒ The lesson I learnt from the story is, “We must do physical exercise.

E. Retell the story to your friends, making the queen the main character.

A. Study these sentences.

The king would be treated only if he came on foot to the holy man’s residence.

If Sarita had an android mobile phone, she would join the virtual classroom.

If the king had lived an active life, his health would not have worsened.

Had she studied hard, she would have secured the best result.

If we had listened to the radio, we would have heard the news.

It would not surprise me if he knew the answer.

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.

I had seen Tshering a few minutes ago. If you had come round earlier, you ……(see) him too.

I wish I were a bird. If I were a bird, I ….. (fly) round the world.

Provided that you……(be) twenty, you could play the match.

George was happy that he came to Nepal. If he hadn’t, he ….(not see) Mt. Everest.

What would you do if you …(win) the lottery of Rs. 1,00,000?

Seema missed the bus to go home. If she ….(come) in time, she would have caught the bus.

She would lose weight if she ….. (not eat) a lot of sweets.

They might have helped you if you ….(ask) them.

If he …(drive) more carefully, he might not have had that accident.

If everyone ….(turn) off unwanted lights, we could save a lot of electricity.

would have seen

wouldn’t see

did not eat

Complete each sentence in a suitable way.

If you had studied well, ……………..

If you asked me, ……….

If we had gone to the cinema, ………….

If you spoke English, ………….

If they listened to me, ………………

………………….. if I had your address.

………………….. I would have taken part in the contest.

………………….. we would walk to the museum.

………………. if there were not many sharks there.

………………. if she had taken the right bus.

If you had studied well, you would have passed the exam.

If you asked me, I would answer it.

If we had gone to the cinema, we would have enjoyed the movie.

If you spoke English, he would understand you.

If they listened to me, I would describe in detail.

I would come there if I had your address.

If I had practiced hard, I would have taken part in the contest.

If you promised to come, we would walk to the museum.

Tourists wouldn’t come if there were not many sharks there.

She would have arrived in time if she had taken the right bus.

Unit -III Family, Market and Public Place

What do you think these pictures are related to? How do people make requests in these situations?

Answer: In the first picture, the man is taking photographs, in the second picture, they are buying goods and in the third picture they are walking in the departure lounge.

Reading I – Thomas & Jerry

Look at the picture below and answer the following questions.

What do you see in the picture?

Answer: In the picture we see an old man and two boys. Probably the boys are leaving the house.

What is more important for you; family or work or both? Why?

Answer: For me both family and work are important.

A. The words in red in the story correspond to the meanings below. Find the words and write them.

a load, typically a heavy one = burden

came near = approached

so shocked that one is temporarily unable to react = stunned

left, especially in order to start a journey = departed

a burial ground = graveyard

very strange; bizarre = weird

satisfied = content

shined with energy or happiness = radiated

moved or ran somewhere suddenly or rapidly = scurried

B. Read the story again and decide whether the following statements are true or false.

a. Jerry did not use to get letters from his son. False

b. The neighbours helped Jerry find the way to meet his son. True

c. Thomas was eager to meet his father in his office. False

d. Thomas asked his father to stay with him for a week. True

e. Thomas felt bad to see his father in his workplace. False

f. The story tries to show that parents’ happiness is tied up with their children’s success and happiness. True

a. Why did Jerry go to the city?

b. What did the father want from his son?

c. Did the father come back to the village happily? Why?

d. What made Thomas decide to visit his father?

e. Why did Jerry take the loan?

f. Why did Jerry return home without telling his son about the loan?

g. What lesson do you learn from this story?

He went to city to visit his son.

The father wanted his son to go to his home to visit his mother.

The son did not agree to fulfill his father’s request because he was busy in his work

Smiling and polite behavior of his father made Thomas decide to visit his father.

Jerry took the loan for the study of his son.

Jerry didn’t want to add burden to his son so he returned home without telling his son about the loan.

We learn the lesson “We must give priority to our family” from the story.

Have you ever witnessed or heard such an event similar to the one in the story? Share it in small groups.

Study the following examples about making requests and offers along with their responses.

‘Can I help you?’ ‘Yes, sure.’

‘Would you like some help?’ ‘Yes, of course.’

‘Wouldyou like to come for lunch this weekend?’ ‘Oh, I’d love to, thank you.’

‘Can you help me with this desk for a moment?’ ‘Yes, sure. Where do you want to put it?’

‘Could you say congratulations to your brother on my behalf?

Complete the following conversations using can, could and would.

A: …… I get you something to drink?

B: Yes, please. A glass of lemonade for me.

A:…….. you tell me where the nearest community school is, please?

B: I’m sorry, I’m not from around here.

A: ……………. you like me to answer the phone?

Yes, please, that …… be lovely.

A: I’ve finished my homework. …….. I play now?

B: OK. You may.

A: ….. I come round to your house sometime later?

B: Well, actually, my dad’s not feeling well. Maybe another time.

A: ……. you mind passing me that register, please?

B: Yes, of course. Here you go.

A: …….. you like me to talk to the head teacher?

B: Oh. Yes please! …… you?

A: ……… you lend me Rs. 200, please?

B: I suppose so, but I need it back before next month.

A: ……you mind if I used your pen, madam?

B: Not at all, go ahead.

Would, Could

Write a letter to the head teacher of your school on behalf of your class requesting him/her to organise an inter-house volleyball tournament in your school. Make requests for managing all required sporting goods for the tournament.

Body paragraph

…………………………………………………………………

………………The match will be played among the four houses in the school. It will start after school on Friday. We have requested Mr. Chulung Chaudhary, our sports teacher to help us conduct the match. Mr. Chaudhary is planning to ask three of our senior students to help him. We are thinking of doing the preliminary round of the match on Friday. We plan to do the quarter final and semi final on Monday as it is a public holiday. The final will take place next Friday. The house captains are thinking of forming volunteer team of students to maintain discipline and help the match run smoothly. As Mr. Chaudhary has allowed us, we will be using the school playground and the ball as well as the net. We have also requested Ms. Manmaya. She is thinking of being the umpire for us. Besides, she is planning to appoint two of the students to keep the score. We hope the play will be great. We, the students in Ashigram Nature Club, would like to ask you to be the chief guest at the programme and encourage the students for better play in a sporting manner.

Thanking you———

……………………………………………………….

Reading II – Dance

What types of dance are they performing?

In which part of Nepal is the most popular?

They are performing cultural dance as Tharu dance and Jhyaure dance.

They are popular in Terai and Hilly regions.

A. Find words from the story which are similar in meaning to the words given below.

man ……….. ………….. …………… ……………

came ……….. …………

clothes ………… ………..

man lad chap fellow

came approached arrived

clothes dress trousers

B. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given and complete the sentences.

a. The storyteller is probably…

i. a comedian

ii. a musician

iii. an actor

b. When he arrived at the disco, he first…..

i. saw his grandmother

ii. saw some guys dancing

iii. saw a beautiful girl

c. Now his age may be about…

20 years ii. 30 years iii. 40 years

The lovely girl….

didn’t dance at all ii. became nervous iii. danced at last

The story can be best described as…

humorous ii. serious iii. sad

danced at last

Recall the time that you first danced. Share your experience with your friends.

A. Match the sentence halves to make full sentences.

a. I’d	i. a good dentist?
b. Would it be	ii. a table for six?
c. Would you be able to	iii. possible to invite my cousin?
d. Could you recommend	iv. you like me to call a taxi?
e. Can I book a	v. get me a ticket for the concert?
f. Would	vi. like to rent an apartment.

I’d like to rent an apartment.

Would it be possible to invite my cousin?

Would you be able to get me a ticket for the concert?

Could you recommend a good dentist?

Can I book a table for six?

Would you like me to call a taxi?

B. Complete the sentences below in any way you like to make requests or offers.

a. Would you like me to call my sister to the party ?

b. Can I enter the temple without flower ?

c. Could you help me to solve the problem ?

d. Would it be possible to go to the park without entrance ticket ?

d. Would you mind opening the window ?

e. Could you possibly open the door ?

f. Would you like me to pass the compass ?

In Nepali culture, there are many occasions people dance. The Gurung Community has Rodhighars, the Rai Community celebrates Chandi Naach , etc. Write a couple of paragraphs about any one of the dancing cultures or traditions in your community.

Unit 4- Life and Death

Reading i – death is a fiction.

A. Find the words from the text that have the following meanings.

a. a thing that is imagined ⇒ fiction

b. a way of looking at something ⇒ dimension

c. to force somebody to leave ⇒ dislodge

d. faced somebody so that you could not avoid ⇒ confronted

e. to make somebody feel better ⇒ solace

B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words .

a. Death is a fiction created by human being.

b. Ultimately, we are moving straight to the grave

c. According to the speaker, death is guaranteed It is sure to happen.

d. Human beings have corrupted everything, and they have twisted it whichever way they want.

a. According to the speaker, there is only life. How?

⇒According to the speaker, there is only life because no one has experienced it nor has a firsthand information from anybody.

b. According to the speaker, what is life?

⇒ According to the speaker, inhalation is life.

c. Why is there nothing wrong with death?

⇒ There is nothing wrong with death because it has to happen?

d. Why do we fear death?

⇒ We fear death because because we have no idea what it is.

e. Why do people have an idea of death?

⇒ People have an idea of death because people have been talking about it without knowing about it.

D. What is your view on death? Write a short paragraph.

Death is the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain an organism. For organisms with a brain, death can also be defined as the irreversible cessation of functioning of the whole brain, including brainstem, and brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition of death. The remains of a former organism normally begin to decompose shortly after death. Death is an inevitable process that eventually occurs in almost all organisms. Death is generally applied to whole organisms; the similar process seen in individual components of an organism, such as cells or tissues, is necrosis. Something that is not considered an organism, such as a virus, can be physically destroyed but is not said to die. As of the early 21st century, over 150,000 humans die each day, with ageing being by far the most common cause of death.

A. Rewrite the following sentences using the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.

The winter ….. (follow) the autumn season.

The human body……….(consist) of some 60 trillion individual cells.

Cows …..(feed) on grass.

He…… (earn) a handsome salary every month.

Akila…… (make) delicious cookies.

Arati and her husband……(live) in Singapore.

………. you…..(like) chocolate milk?

He …… (not want) to go to the movies.

My grandfather …….(adore) his pet dog.

Plants ……(need) water and sunlight for photosynthesis.

He……..(have) a big apartment in Venice.

The winter follows the autumn season.

The human body consists of some 60 trillion individual cells.

Cows feed on grass.

He earns a handsome salary every month.

Akila makes delicious cookies.

Arati and her husband live in Singapore.

Do you like chocolate milk?

My grandfather adores his pet dog.

Plants need water and sunlight for photosynthesis.

He has a big apartment in Venice.

Make a statement or a question using these prompts. Use the present simple.

I/not/check/my emails when I get to school.

you/watch/the news on TV every day?

she/wear/a red dress.

you/have/a school bus?

what/you/want to drink?

you/not/need more reading practice.

your friend/not/like computer games.

mum/wash/car once a week.

I don’t check my emails when I get to school.

Do you watch the news on TV everyday?

she wears a red dress.

Do you have a school bus?

What do you want to drink?

You do not need more reading practice.

Your friend doesn’t like computer games.

Mum washes car once a week.

Change the following sentences into negative and question.

The swimming pool opens everyday at 9: 30 am.

I use my car very often.

John comes from Mexico.

I play the piano very well.

Ann watches television a lot.

I write to my parents every month.

This car breaks down every five hours.

The swimming pool doesn’t open everyday at 9: 30 am.

Does the swimming pool open everyday at 9: 30 am?

I rarely use my car.

Do I often use my car?

John doesn’t come from Mexico .

Does John come from Mexico?

I don’t play the piano very well.

Do I play the piano very well?

Ann doesn’t watch television a lot.

Does Ann watch television a lot?

I don’t write to my parents every month.

Do I write to my parents every month?

This car doesn’t break down every five hours.

Does this car break down every five hours?

Reading II – Crossing the Bar

A. Find the words from the text for the following meanings.

Column A Column B

moaning i. complaining

boundless ii. never-ending; infinite

twilight iii. dusk

embark iv. go on board

tho’ v. though

bourne vi. a boundary; a limit

crost vii. crossed

B. Fill in the gaps with the words/phrases given below to complete the paraphrase of the poem.

I notice the sunset and evening star in the sky and hear a sound calling for me loud and clear. I hope that the sandbar will not be disturbed when I go out to sea. Instead, I want to be carried out on a tide moving so slowly it seems almost asleep, and which is too swollen to make a sound. That’s what I want when I return home to the depths of the great unknown. Twilight comes with the evening bell , which will be followed by darkness. There don’t need to be any sad goodbyes when I go. Even though I’ll be going far from this time and place, floating on the tide of death, I hope to meet God , who has been like my pilot in this journey, when I’ve made it across the bar.

a. Where does the speaker have to go crossing the sandbar?

⇒ The speaker has to go to the sea crossing the sandbar.

b. Why can’t the tide make a huge sound or create a lather?

⇒ The tide can’t make a huge sound or create a lather because he wants to move on a tide slowly.

c. What do the twilight and the evening bell suggest in the poem?

⇒ The twilight and the evening bell suggest the time of farewell in the poem.

d. Where is the speaker going without accepting sad goodbyes?

⇒ The speaker is going unknown home without accepting sad goodbyes.

e. Who is the only agent that helps the speaker to go far in his journey?

⇒ The pilot is the only agent that helps the speaker to go far in his journey.

f. Does the speaker fear death? Why/Why not?

⇒ The speaker doesn’t fear death because he has the hope to meet God.

g. What does the pilot symbolize?

⇒ The pilot symbolizes the God.

A. Complete the following sentences with the correct adverbs from the brackets.

I see one or two movies every week. I …. (often/never) ….. go to the movies.

I let my roommate borrow my car just once. I ………… (sometimes/rarely) ……….. let my roommate borrow my car.

Maria eats cereal for breakfast seven days a week. Maria …… (usually/always) …….. eats cereal for breakfast.

Four out of five visitors to the museum stay for three hours or longer. Museum visitors ……… (usually/seldom) ….. stay for at least three hours.

We occasionally have quizzes in history class. The teacher ……… (always/sometimes) …….. gives quizzes in history class.

Subina always misses the morning assembly. She …… (rarely/ never) ……. arrives at school on time.

In the desert, it rains only two days between May and September every year. It ……… (rarely/often) …….. rains there in the summer.

Rohit asks me to go to the winter camp, but I don’t accept his invitation. I ……… (seldom/often …….. go to the winter camp.

Lisa and Samrat go fishing at least three times a week. They ……… (usually/seldom) ………. go out to dinner with each other.

Rohit asks me to go to the winter camp, but I don’t accept his invitation. I ……… (seldom/often) …….. go to the winter camp.

Rewrite the following sentences with the correct alternatives from the brackets.

Your friendship over the years and your support ……. (has/have) …….. meant a great deal to us.

Hamilton Family Center, a shelter for teenage runaways in San Francisco, ……… (offers/offer) ………. a wide variety of services.

One of the major sources of income of Trinidad ……. (is/are) ……. tourism.

The chances of your being promoted …. (is/are) …… excellent.

There …………… (was/were) …………… a Pokemon card stuck to the refrigerator.

Neither the professor nor his assistants …………… (was/were) ……………. able to attend the conference.

Many hours at the driving range …… (has/have) ……. led us to design golf balls with GPS locators in them.

Discovered in the soil of our city garden …….. (was/were) …… a button dating from the turn of the century.

Unit 5 – Ethics, Norms and Values

Reading I – Why I am Sorry Does not Always Translate

What does it say?

How do you apologise? Talk to your friends.

⇒ It says, ‘I’m sorry’ which expresses an apology.

⇒ We apologise by saying ‘I’m sorry’.

A. Find the words/phrases from the text for the following meanings. The first letter has been given.

t………….. to have difficulty saying something clearly or correctly

e………… showing too much emotion

b………… became annoyed or offended

i………… accustomed to do something

c……….. the fact of being responsible

a…….. … a statement saying that you strongly believe something to be true

a………. to say or believe that something is the result of a particular thing

s……… connected with the meaning of words and sentences

n……… a very slight difference in meaning

culpability

B. Match the first halves in column A with their endings in column B to make complete sentences.

Column A Column B

Americans didn’t show i. less interested in a second research.

People are accustomed ii. similar patterns in East Asian countries.

Japanese use an apology iii. to an apology in Hong Kong.

American participants seemed iv. sympathy to Akio Toyoda’s effusive

Researchers found v. to repair their damaged relationship.

Americans didn’t show iv. sympathy to Akio Toyoda’s effusive

People are accustomed iii. to an apology in Hong Kong.

Japanese use an apology v. to repair their damaged relationship.

American participants seemed i. less interested in a second research.

Researchers found ii. similar patterns in East Asian

a. Why did Japan become annoyed with the US submarine commander?

⇒ Japanese became annoyed with the US submarine commander because he didn’t apologise after colliding with and sinking a Japanese fishing boat off Huwaii in 2001.

b. How do Americans and Japanese perceive an apology?

⇒ Americans see an apology as an admission of wrong doing whereas Japanese see it as an expression of eagerness to repair a damaged relationship with no culpability necessarily required.

c. What, according to the survey, is the average result of an apology in Japanese and American students?

⇒ According to the survey, the average result of an apology in Japanese students is 11.05 and in American students is 4.51.

d. What was displayed in a video show?

⇒ An applicant for an accounting job apologized for having deliberately field an incorrect tax return for a prior client was displayed in a video show.

e. Who was the respondents of the second study?

⇒ Undergraduates from both countries were the respondents of the second study.

f. How can the executives apply an apology?

⇒ The executives can apply an apology as a tool for facilitating recognitions resolving conflicts and repairing trust.

A. Read the text and underline the verb forms in present continuous tense.

Hello everybody! Look at this nice picture. Here is one of the moments I prefer when we are all together on a nice Sunday afternoon. But let me introduce myself! I’m Bob, I am standing in front of my father who is reading the newspaper.

Mum is listening to her favourite songs on the radio. My two sisters, Rose and Sally, are playing with their dolls. My grandfather is having a nap and granny is drinking a cup of tea. The cat is running after the birds as usual and only my cousins are doing real activities; Ken is watering Mum’s flowers and Mike is cleaning the windows. “Can you imagine that Sunday afternoon!”

Possible Answer:

Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.

Be quiet! The baby ……….. (sleep).

It ……….. (rain) cats and dogs here in the Monsoon season.

John is busy. He …………. (work) at the moment.

Please keep quiet, I ………………… (listen) to the radio. You know I …………….. (listen) to the news in the mornings.

What time …………. the first bus …………….. (leave) for Kathmandu?

I usually ……………… (not wear) a scarf, but today I ………….. (wear) one because it’s unusually cold.

She …………… (travel) to Dhangadhi next weekend.

Pasang is in the classroom at the moment. He …….. (study) History.

These days most people ….(write) emails instead of writing letters.

What sort of clothes ………… teenagers …………….(wear) nowadays?

k What ………… you …………….. (do) tonight? Would you like to come and watch the game?

You look worried. What …………..you……………. (think) of?

She usually drives a taxi. But today, she is …………. (drive) a lorry.

These kids …………. (not do) what I’ve asked them to do.

Be quiet! The baby is sleeping.

It is raining cats and dogs here in the Monsoon season.

John is busy. He is working at the moment.

Please keep quiet, I am listening to the radio. You know I listen to the news in the mornings.

What time does the first bus leave for Kathmandu?

I usually don’t wear a scarf, but today I am wearing one because it’s unusually cold.

She is travelling to Dhangadhi next weekend.

Pasang is in the classroom at the moment. He is studying History.

These days most people write emails instead of writing letters.

What sort of clothes do teenagers wear nowadays?

k What are you doing tonight? Would you like to come and watch the game?

You look worried. What are you thinking of?

She usually drives a taxi. But today, she is driving a lorry.

These kids are not doing what I’ve asked them to do.

A. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B .

Column A Column B

disrupt i. to come out of a dark, confined or hidden place

crewmembers ii. trouble or problem, especially concerning what you need orwould like yourself

hinder iii. to make it difficult for something to continue in the normal way

inconvenience iv. to make it difficult for somebody to do something or for something to happen

emerge v. all the people working on a ship, plane, etc.

disrupt iii. to make it difficult for something to continue in the normal way

crewmembers v. all the people working on a ship, plane, etc.

hinder iv. to make it difficult for somebody to do something or for something to happen

inconvenience ii. trouble or problem, especially concerning what you need or would like yourself

emerge i. to come out of a dark, confined or hidden place

Who has written the letter?

Who is it addressed to?

How long has JetBlue been serving its customers?

What was the main cause of inconvenience to the passengers?

What sort of service does this company promise?

What does the JetBlue Airways Customer Bill of Rights contain?

David Neeleman has written the letter.

It is addressed to the customers of JetBlue.

It has been serving for seven years.

Winter ice storm was the main cause of inconvenience to the passengers.

This company promises to make the experience of flying happier and easier.

It contains the details of compensation.

Have you ever faced any problem when travelling on holidays or to

another village or town? Share it with your friends.

A. Use the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets to rewrite this text.

Sophiya (sit) in the classroom. Her teacher (stand) in front of the class teaching. But, Sophiya (do) something else. She is daydreaming. She (not be) in the class. She (dance) on a stage in front of hundreds of people. She (wear) a beautiful costume. She (tap) and twirling. She (spin) on one leg.

She (kick) her feet. She (leap) and (fly) through the air. The audiences (stand) on the floor. They (clap) and (shout) “Bravo! Bravo!!”.

“Sophiya?” her teacher (call). He is not teaching anymore.

“Yes?” Shophiya (feel) a bit embarrassed. Her cheeks (get) red.

“Are you feeling okay? You (shout) ‘Bravo! Bravo! Bravo!’ in the class.”

“Sorry! I am just enjoying the class so much ‘Bravo! Bravo!’.”

Use the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets to rewrite this text.

Sophiya sits in the classroom. Her teacher stands in front of the class teaching. But, Sophiya is doing something else. She is daydreaming. She is not in the class. She is dancing on a stage in front of hundreds of people. She is wearing a beautiful costume. She is tapping and twirling. She is spinning on one leg.

She is kicking her feet. She is leaping and flying through the air. The audiences are standing on the floor. They are clapping and are shouting “Bravo! Bravo!!”.

“Sophiya?” her teacher is calling. He is not teaching anymore.

“Yes?” Shophiya feels a bit embarrassed. Her cheeks get red.

“Are you feeling okay? You shout ‘Bravo! Bravo! Bravo!’ in the class.”

B. Complete the sentences with the use of correct form of any relevant

A: We ………. to the cinema tonight.

B: ………….with us?

A: I …………. on holiday two or three times a year.

B: That’s great! And where ……… this year?

I think it’s better to stay. It ………… and we ………….. an umbrella.

Who is that man? Why …………. at us? What …………..?

Tomorrow, I …………..my doctor in the morning.

Where’s John? He ………….. to a new song in this room.

Rita ………… hard all day yesterday but she …………… not ……….. today.

Nitu ……….. reading a story at the moment.

The plane …………… the runway now. You are too late.

I told you that I …………….. with you anymore. You’re simply not a team player.

A: We are going to the cinema tonight.

B: Do you want to go with us?

A: I go on holiday two or three times a year.

B: That’s great! And where do you go this year?

I think it’s better to stay. It is raining and we don’t have an umbrella.

Who is that man? Why is he looking at us? What is he doing?

Tomorrow, I will visit my doctor in the morning.

Where’s John? He is recording to a new song in this room.

Rita was working hard all day yesterday but she is not doing it today.

Nitu is reading a story at the moment.

The plane is taking off the runway now. You are too late.

I told you that I won’t be with you anymore. You’re simply not a team player.

Unit 6 Custom and Culture

Reading I (page 65)

Answer these questions.

Describe death rituals in your culture.

Answer: In our culture, dead body is burnt on the side of the river and the ash of it and the place is cleaned after finishing.

Why do you think it is important?

Answer: It is important because dead body may smell and create pollution and disease.

Reading – I Sky Burials

A. Choose the words from the box that match with the given meanings from a – h.

forbidden	fascination	profound	gruesome
frenzy	pulverise	omen	engrossed

………… very great

………… a state of great activity and strong emotion

………… very unpleasant and filling with horror

………… not allowed

………… a sign of what is going to happen in the future

………… very strong attraction

………… involved in something with whole attention

h ………… to make something into a fine powder

profound very great

frenzy a state of great activity and strong emotion

gruesome very unpleasant and filling with horror

forbidden not allowed

omen a sign of what is going to happen in the future

fascination very strong attraction

engrossed involved in something with whole attention

pulverise to make something into a fine powder

Write True for true statements and False for false ones.

Foreign visitors are welcome to see Sky Burial rituals.

The visitors are not allowed to take photos of the rituals.

The vultures took more than fifteen minutes to finish the entire corpse.

The Tibetans perceive the body as a vessel for the soul.

The youngest son of the writer was busy with his toys.

The author visited the burial sites with his wife and three children.

Foreign visitors are welcome to see Sky Burial rituals. False

The visitors are not allowed to take photos of the rituals. True

The vultures took more than fifteen minutes to finish the entire corpse. False

The Tibetans perceive the body as a vessel for the soul. True

The youngest son of the writer was busy with his toys. False

The author visited the burial sites with his wife and three children. True

Why did the author visit a traditional Tibetan Buddhist monastery?

What did the author see on the hill?

Why did the author give the iPad to his youngest son?

Describe the appearance of a Rogyapa , the body breaker.

What did the body breaker do after collecting the bones?

What is considered to be a bad sign?

Why did the author feel proud?

The author visited a traditional Tibetan Buddhist monastery because he heard that he would see strange ritual there.

The author saw 100 vultures sitting on the hill.

The author gave the iPad to his youngest son to play computer games.

Rogyapa is Lama, a sacred person or the body breaker who has a knife to cut the dead body. He is dressed in dark red scarlet coloured coat with a black hood.

After collecting the bones, the body breaker begins to pulverise them with a mallet, and mixed. He mixes that with yak butter and barley flour. In one last gesture, he walks into the middle of the vultures and throws it high in the air.

If vultures don’t eat or leave the body parts, it is considered to be a bad sign.

The writer felt proud because of his children’s maturity and intelligence.

Research customs from other countries and talk about an interesting one with your friends.

Match the questions in column A with the answers in column B.

Column A Column B

Are you ready? i. Yes, it’s on the chair.

Can I carry something for you? ii. Yes, of course.

May I use your phone? iii. Yes, I’d love to.

Has anyone seen my bag? iv. No, it’s OK. It’s not that heavy.

Would you like to come to a party? v. Yes, nearly.

Are you ready? v. Yes, nearly.

Can I carry something for you? iv. No, it’s OK. It’s not that heavy.

May I use your phone? ii. Yes, of course.

Has anyone seen my bag? i. Yes, it’s on the chair.

Would you like to come to a party? iii. Yes, I’d love to.

How do you ask questions in these situations?

You want to know if it is raining.

You want to know if Harish plays football.

You want to know if the bus is on time.

You want to know if your friend, Ramesh went to the market yesterday.

You want to know if it is Tuesday today.

You want to know if your teacher opened your letter.

You want to know if your brother has gone to sleep.

You want to know if there will be a food party.

Is it raining?

Does Harish play football?

Is the bus on time?

Did Ramesh go to the market yesterday?

Is it Tuesday today?

Did your teacher open your letter?

Has your brother gone to sleep?

Will there be a food party?

Circle the correct answer.

Are you busy today?

Yes, busy. ii. Yes, I am.

Is it too hot in here for you?

No, it isn’t. ii. No, I’m fine, thanks.

Tell me, did you steal my money?

No. I won’t ii. No, I didn’t steal your money.

Can I carry your bags?

No, you can’t. ii. It’s all right, thanks.

No, it isn’t.

No, I didn’t steal your money.

No, you can’t.

Write yes/no questions for these statements.

The family has got three mobile phones.

Januka works at the supermarket.

Anita is learning English.

The meeting will be held next Tuesday.

Tanka switched off the computer.

He went to the cinema yesterday.

Everyone is ready.

It is raining outside.

Vicky’s lost her credit card.

She’d done the work on time.

Has the family got three mobile phones?

Does Januka work at the supermarket?

Is Anita learning English?

Will the meeting be held next Tuesday?

Did Tanka switch off the computer?

Did he go to the cinema yesterday?

Is anyone ready?

Is it raining outside?

Has Vicky lost her credit card?

Had she done the work on time?

Reading II Surprising Culture

Answer these questions:

Is there any unique custom in your community? What is it?

Answer: Yes, there is a unique custom in our community. Juniors bow and keep head on the feet of seniors.

Why is it unique?

Answer: It is unique because such kind of tradition is not found in other parts of the world.

A. Find the words from the text that match the following meanings.

………………. a natural desire

……………. the rules of correct or polite behaviour in society

………………. people who work in a bar, serving drinks

………………. to become twisted

propensity- a natural desire

etiquette- the rules of correct or polite behaviour in society

bartenders- people who work in a bar, serving drinks

contort- to become twisted

B. Write True for true and False for false statements.

a. In Nicaragua, people prefer to point with their thumb. False

b. Tipping is compulsory at most restaurants in the US. True

c. Contorting is less noisier than slurping. False

d. People from the West take noodles by twisting them on a spoon. True

e. The Bini and the Kalabari are ethnic groups of Nigeria. True

a. What makes a group of people different from others?

b. What is the unique tradition of Nicaragua?

c. What is a positive aspect of tipping culture?

d. Why do Japanese make slurping sounds while eating noodles?

e. How do Yoruba people greet their elders?

Their culture, language, custom and tradition make themselves different from others.

The unique tradition of Nicaragua is that they point the things with the lips instead of the thumb like the majority of the world.

The positive aspect of tipping culture is it provides incentive for waiters and waitresses.

Why do Japanese make slurping sounds while eating noodles?

Japanese make slurping sounds while eating noodles to indicate that they’re really enjoying noodles.

They greet by kneeling or lying prostrate.

Which of the above customs did you find more interesting? Share it with your friends.

Choose the following sentences in indirect speech from the list to match with the sentences in direct speech in the table below.

I asked the woman next to me if the bus to Kathmandu had already left.

I asked the teacher whether the book had been translated into Nepali.

iii. Barsa asked her teacher if she should write the story again.

Samir asked Rohan whether he had finished reading his book.

The new pupil asked me if I was a class captain.

a.	The new pupil said to me, “Are you a class captain?”
b.	Samir asked Rohan, “Have you finished reading my book?”
c.	I asked the teacher, “Has the book been translated into Nepali?”
d.	“Has the bus to Kathmandu already left?” I said to a woman next to me.
e.	“Should I write the story again?” Barsa asked her teacher.

a.	The new pupil said to me, “Are you a class captain?”	v
b.	Samir asked Rohan, “Have you finished reading my book?”	iv
c.	I asked the teacher, “Has the book been translated into Nepali?”	ii
d.	“Has the bus to Kathmandu already left?” I said to a woman next to me.	i
e.	“Should I write the story again?” Barsa asked her teacher.	iii

Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

Rahul said to me, “Did you watch the cricket match on TV last night?”

“Are you coming home with me?” he said.

“Do you really come from India?” said the prince.

“Have you anything to say?” said the judge finally.

She said to me, “Is he at home?”

Usha says, “Can you solve the problem?”

Badri said to Asmita, “Will you visit me in Australia?”

Radhika said to Rebecca, “Did you hear the noise?”

He said, “Have you seen my hat?”

He said to me, “Does he come or not?”

Rohan said to me, “Did you spill the milk on the floor?”

The pilot said to the air hostess, “Have the passengers fastened their seatbelts?”

He asked if I was coming home with him.

The prince asked if I really came from India.

The judge finally asked if I had anything to say.

She asked me if he was at home.

Usha asks if I can solve the problem.

Badri asked Asmita if she would visit him in Australia.

Radhika asked Rebecca if she had heard the noise.

He asked if I had seen his hat.

He asked me if he came or not.

Rohan asked me if I had spilt the milk on the floor.

The pilot asked the air hostess if the passengers had fastened their seatbelts.

Unit 7 Ecology and Environment

Getting started

Look at the picture and talk about the components of environment.

Hydrosphere

Lithosphere

Reading I How do Animals Spend the Winter?

A. Answer these questions.

a. What preparations do you and your family make as the winter season approaches?

b. How do animals and birds protect themselves from the cold?

We prepare different items like food, shelter clothes etc. for the winter season.

Animals and birds protect themselves by migrating to warm places.

a shop that sells food and other things used in homes

related to the regions around the North Pole

an underground passage

to find the right way to deal with a difficult situation

a person who works on a ship as a member of the crew

to change behaviour in order to deal more successfully with a new situation

a very small green or yellow plant that spreads over wet surfaces, rocks, trees, etc.

to gather closely together, usually because of cold or fear

Read the paragraphs A-E and match them to the suitable titles.

Paragraphs Titles

A Going into a Deep Sleep

B Migration to New Places

C Other Ways to Survive

D Living in Underground Holes

E Adaptation to New Weather

A—– Migration to new places

B—– Adaptation to New Weather

C—– Living in underground Holes

D—– Going into Deep Sleep

E—– Other ways to Survive

Write True or False against the following statements.

a. Animals wear thick coats to protect themselves from the cold.

Flying in flocks helps birds protect themselves from the cold.

Birds do not travel far to avoid the cold.

Some animals collect extra food for winter.

Snow fleas hybernate in winter.

Cold water makes it difficult for some animals to breathe.

Why do birds migrate in groups?

What controls the migration cycle of birds?

How do birds find the same place for migration each year?

Why do you think squirrels and mice huddle close together in winter?

How do animals maintain energy during hibernation?

How do frogs, turtles and fish change their habitats to survive in winter?

Birds migrate in groups to balance the weather as well as to be safe.

Changes in the amount of daylight and the weather control the migration cycle of birds.

Birds find the same place for migration each year by using the sun, moon, stars etc.

I think squirrels and mice huddle close together in winter to stay warm.

Animals maintain energy by storing the food as body fat during hibernation.

Frogs, turtles and fish change their habitats by hibernating in the holes to survive in the winter.

Study the following sentences.

If you heat snow, it melts.

If it rains, you will get wet.

If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus.

What will you do if you miss the plane?

I may finish that letter if I have time.

If you want to borrow a book from the library, show your library card.

Water changes into vapour if it is heated.

Use the correct form of the verbs from the brackets to complete the sentences.

If you call me, I ……… (come).

If you ……… (not leave), I’ll call the police.

Somebody ……… (notice) if you make a mistake.

If I see her, I ……… (tell) her to call you.

She ……… (be) very angry if you don’t apologise.

They will be happy if we ……… (invite) them to the party.

Will they pay any more if I ……… (work) harder?

If you don’t lock your bicycle, someone ……… (steal) it.

I ……… (lend) you some money if you promise not to waste it.

Unless you use your English, it ……… (not improve).

You must study hard if you ……… (want) to join college.

If you call me, I will come.

If you don’t leave, I’ll call the police.

Somebody will notice if you make a mistake.

If I see her, I will tell her to call you.

She will be very angry if you don’t apologise.

They will be happy if we invite them to the party.

Will they pay any more if I work harder?

If you don’t lock your bicycle, someone will steal it.

I will lend you some money if you promise not to waste it.

Unless you use your English, it can’t be improved.

You must study hard if you want to join college.

Look at the picture below and answer these questions.

What do you think the man is doing?

Why do you think he is doing so?

The man is using pesticides indiscriminately.

He is doing so to kill all the moths and protect his crops.

The Resistant Moths

Use the correct words from the box below to complete the following sentences.

avalanche plague combat predator despair resistant nasty

As responsible citizens it is our duty to …………… all social evils.

The whole town is suffering from the new ……..of rats.

The minister’s opinion has created ……..of controversy.

He got a …………cut above his eye in the accident.

Some animals do not have a natural ………

Mosquitoes seem to have become …….to the toughest insecticides.

He is in ………due to all the failures in business.

The word ‘devour’ refers to a style of eating. It means ‘eating hungrily’. The following words also refer to different styles of eating. Use a dictionary to find their meanings.

munch ……………

nibble ……….

gobble …………

gnaw ………..

swallow ……………..

‘Munch’ refers to a style of eating. It means ‘eating something steadily and often noisily, especially something hard and/or dry’

‘Nibble’ refers to a style of eating. It means ‘eating by taking small bites of something, especially food’.

‘Gobble’ refers to a style of eating. It means ‘eating something very fast, in a way that people consider rude or greedy’.

‘Gnaw’ refers to a style of eating. It means keeping biting something

Swallow refers to a style of eating. It means ‘making food, drink, etc. go down your throat into your stomach.’

B. Write whether the following sentences are True or False.

a. The first use of pesticides caused further problems to the farmers. True

b. The shopkeepers made the farmers buy many pesticides. True

c. Mahendra Yadav admits that the farmers used chemicals carelessly. False

d. The pesticides not only killed the pests but also increased the fertility of the land. False

e. Mahendra Yadav expects that the moths will go away one day. True

a. Why do you think Mahendra Yadav says “these insects will eat us alive”?

⇒ He has applied so much pesticides as suggested by the government officials but new and tougher moths has come into existence and they are not dying. Therefore, I think Mahendra Yadav says “these insects will eat us alive”.

b. What did the farmers hope when they bought the pesticides for the first time?

⇒ The farmers hoped to be rich by saving their crops and producing good amount of crops when they bought the pesticides for the first time.

c. What was the ‘nasty surprise’ for the farmers?

⇒ Despite the mixture of powerful chemicals on the potatoes, a few moths survived. It was the ‘nasty surprise’ for the farmers.

d. Find different words in the text that refer to the pesticide and the moth.

⇒ The different words as poison and chemicals refer to pesticides. Similarly, pests and insects refer to moths.

e. Do you think that Mahendra Yadav has made a wise decision at the end? Why?

⇒ I think that Mahendra Yadav has made a wise decision at the end because he has turned to the natural methods which is permanent solution for the problem.

D. Why is the use of pesticide harmful for both people and the environment? What could be a good alternative to pesticides? Discuss with your friends.

Students are requested to discuss and write some points

A. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.

If we hurry, we ………….. there in time. (get)

I won’t go to the doctor unless the pain ………… (increase)

If you spit in public place, you …………. into trouble. (get)

We ……….. for a picnic tomorrow if the weather stays nice. (go)

Everyone ……….. you if you tell them the truth. (believe)

If he ……….. up, he won’t get to work on time. (not wake)

If the baby ………….. a boy, I’ll call him Nitesh. (be)

You can cause an accident if you ……….. so carelessly. (drive)

Unless she …… the ambulance immediately, her father may die. (call)

If you try harder, you …….. in your exams. (succeed)

If we hurry, we will get there in time.

I won’t go to the doctor unless the pain increases.

If you spit in public place, you will get into trouble.

We will go for a picnic tomorrow if the weather stays nice.

Everyone will believe you if you tell them the truth.

If he doesn’t wake up, he won’t get to work on time.

If the baby is a boy, I’ll call him Nitesh.

You can cause an accident if you drive so carelessly.

Unless she calls the ambulance immediately, her father may die.

If you try harder, you will succeed in your exams.

B. Complete the following sentences with suitable endings.

If you are hungry, ………………………….. .

If he runs fast, ……………………………….. .

They will win the match if ………………………………. .

If you phone him, ………………………………. .

If Mira fails the exam, ………………………….. .

Manashi will be promoted to grade ten if ………………………… .

If you are hungry, you can eat some food.

If he runs fast, he will certainly win the race.

They will win the match if they practise hard.

If you phone him, he will come.

If Mira fails the exam, she will leave her study.

Manashi will be promoted to grade ten if she passes grade nine.

Unit 8 Science and Technology

Discuss in pairs and answer these questions.

What technological advancement do you think these pictures represent?

Answer: These pictures represent the technological advancement of internet devices and service and the electric bulb.

How will these inventions and innovations shape our future? Give specific examples.

Answer: These inventions and innovations make our life easy and comfortable.

Reading I Humanoid Robot Sophia

A. Answer the following questions.

What do you think Artificial Intelligence (AI) is?

Answer: I think artificial intelligence is the intelligence created by man made objects.

Can a robot have real intelligence like a human being does?

Answer: No, robot cannot have artificial intelligence like a human being does. But the intelligence may not be for long time and for different situations.

A. Match the following words with their meanings.

humanoid i. a famous person

awe ii. to clap in approval

revolution iii. feelings of respect and slight fear

celebrity iv. the first design of a device or machine

enthusiast v. an act of controlling somebody or something

applaud vi. a person who is very interested in a particular activity or

takeover vii. a great change in conditions, beliefs, etc.

prototype viii. a machine or creature that looks and behaves like a human

humanoid viii. a machine or creature that looks and behaves like a human

awe iii. feelings of respect and slight fear

revolution vii. a great change in conditions, beliefs, etc.

celebrity i. a famous person

enthusiast vi. a person who is very interested in a particular activity or

applaud ii. to clap in approval

takeover v. an act of controlling somebody or something

prototype iv. the first design of a device or machine

B. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words/phrases from the text above.

Sophia ……….the audience in Kathmandu with a ‘Namaste’.

She presented her ………speech about the importance of technology.

The Innovation Conference and Fair was organised by ………….

Sophia was built ……………years ago.

According to Sophia, technology can ………….state institutions.

Using artificial intelligence could bring ………in the agriculture sector.

According to the robot, the news of ……taking over humans was fake.

In the opinion of Valerie Julliand, technology is giving us………to various problems.

Sophia greeted the audience in Kathmandu with a ‘Namaste’.

She presented her keynote speech about the importance of technology.

The Innovation Conference and Fair was organised by UNDP.

Sophia was built two and a half years ago.

According to Sophia, technology can transform state institutions.

Using artificial intelligence could bring revolution in the agriculture sector.

According to the robot, the news of fearing taking over humans was fake.

In the opinion of Valerie Julliand, technology is giving us solution to various problems.

a. Who is Sophia?

b. What was the main highlight of the conference?

c. How can artificial intelligence be useful in Nepal, according to Sophia?

d. Who was the audience comprised of?

e. How long did Sophia speak for?

f. Why are innovative project models being developed in Nepal, according to UNDP?

Sophia is a social humanoid robot and the first robot citizen.

The main highlight of the conference was the importance of technology in the development of human lives.

According to Sophia, Artificial intelligence can be useful in Nepal by ensuring better public services, a revolution in the agriculture sector, making better use of limited resources, protecting the environment and making the world better place.

The audience was comprised of government officials, private sector representatives, civil servants and tech enthusiasts.

Sophia spoke for three minutes.

According to UNDP, the innovative project models are being developed in Nepal to address gender empowerment, combat gender-based violence, and disaster risk reduction, with a focus on green energy, youth engagement and post disaster recovery.

D. How do you think AI technology can help to end poverty and fight starvation in Nepal?

Grammar – I

Read the following ‘thank you’ letter and underline the relative clauses.

Phungling, Taplejung

6 June 2021

Dear Sujita,

Thank you very much for the wonderful birthday gift. The vase you have gifted me is exactly what I wanted. It reminds me of the vase which my little sister broke last week. It has exactly the same patterns. In fact, this is the best china that I have ever seen. My mother, who loves flowers, arranged roses in the vase. Can you guess where I have kept it? Just outside my bedroom. Thank you once again for the lovely gift.

Complete the following sentences with relative clauses.

Manju works for a company …………….

The story is about a girl………

What was the name of the dog………….. ?

The police have caught the criminals……..

Gram Bell was the man …………

What happened to the painting……….. ?

An encyclopedia is a book……….

I hate people……….

The Earth seems to be the only planet……

A detective is a person …………

Can you tell me the name of the book ……………… ?

Manju works for a company which produces plastic items.

The story is about a girl who is over ambitious.

What was the name of the dog which you bought in Manang ?

The police have caught the criminals who robbed the bank of Parsa.

Gram Bell was the man who discovered telephone.

What happened to the painting which was painted by Leonardo ?

An encyclopedia is a book which gives information about everything.

I hate people who believes on dowry system.

The Earth seems to be the only planet where living creatures are found.

A detective is a person who investigates the crime.

Can you tell me the name of the book which you read yesterday afternoon?

A. Match the words in column A with the meanings in column B.

fleet ⇒ a group of something

inflatable ⇒ capable of being filled with air

harness ⇒ to control and use the force or strength of something

vane ⇒ a flat plane that is moved by wind

skyscraper ⇒ a very tall building

fission⇒ the act or process of splitting the nucleus of an atom

bountiful ⇒ in large quantities

B. Find the antonyms of the following words from the text.

endless modern covered fragrant bound inadequate

endless- finite modern- traditional

covered-revealed fragrant- odourless

bound- autonomous inadequate-bountiful

C. Match the idea numbers in column A to the correct idea in columnB .

Idea I iv. solar energy

Idea II v. energy through body movement

Idea III i. wave energy

Idea IV ii. hydrogen energy

Idea V vi. altaeros energy

Idea VI iii. energy through the fusion process

D. Answer the following questions.

How did JAXA prove the viability for the idea of space-based solar energy?

What do we need to generate energy through our body movement?

In what way are Idea III and V similar?

How can hydrogen be used as the source of energy?

Why do floating turbines seem more effective than tower-mounted turbines?

Why is the fusion process environmentally friendly?

What does ITER stand for?

JAXA proved the viability for the idea of space-based solar energy by successfully converting 1.8 kilowatts of electricity into microwaves after which they wirelessly beamed them a distance of 50 metres.

We need a knee brace to generate energy through our body movement.

Both Idea III and Idea V produce energy due to wind therefore they are similar.

Hydrogen can be used as the source of energy by separating from other elements like oxygen, carbon and nitrogen which has the gas yields high energy.

Floating turbines seem more effective than tower-mounted turbines because these turbines produce double energy than tower-mounted turbines.

The fusion process is environmentally friendly because it emits no pollutants or greenhouse gases and has no threat of nuclear meltdown unlike current nuclear fission reactors.

ITER stands for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor.

E. Can you think of any other alternative energy sources? Talk about your ideas with your friends.

Fill in the gaps with suitable relative pronouns.

Is that the spot ………………… you had the accident?

The photograph ………………… you saw was taken a long time ago.

Are those the students ………………… you were talking about?

Last week, I went to visit the town ………………… my friend lives.

This is the house ………………… my uncle and aunt live.

These are the girls ………………… work hard.

Krishna was the boy ………………… everyone appreciated.

This is the judge ………………… is known for her wise decisions.

This is the site ………….. I intend to build a house.

The tiger ………… terrified the villagers was sent to the zoo yesterday.

The tree …………… he cut down was not a large one.

Mt. Everest ………………… is the highest peak in the world, lies in Solukhumbu district.

Is that the spot where you had the accident?

The photograph which you saw was taken a long time ago.

Are those the students whom you were talking about?

Last week, I went to visit the town where my friend lives.

This is the house where my uncle and aunt live.

These are the girls who work hard.

Krishna was the boy whom everyone appreciated.

This is the judge who is known for her wise decisions.

This is the site where I intend to build a house.

The tiger which terrified the villagers was sent to the zoo yesterday.

The tree which he cut down was not a large one.

Mt. Everest which is the highest peak in the world, lies in Solukhumbu district.

Rewrite the following pairs of sentences using who, whom, whose, which/that, or where.

Are these the keys? You were looking for the keys.

Unfortunately, we couldn’t attend the wedding. We were invited to the wedding.

What is the name of the hotel? Your brother works in the hotel.

The party wasn’t enjoyable. We attended the party last Saturday.

What is the name of the boy? The boy’s father is a dentist.

Who was the man? You talked to the man in the restaurant.

What is the name of the shop? They sell medicine in the shop.

Is this the man? The man donated all his property to a hospital.

Are these the keys which you were looking for?

Unfortunately, we couldn’t attend the wedding which we were invited.

What is the name of the hotel where your brother works?

The party wasn’t enjoyable which we attended last Saturday.

What is the name of the boy whose father is a dentist.

Who was the man whom You talked to in the restaurant.

What is the name of the shop where they sell medicine?

Is this the man who donated all his property to a hospital.

Unit 9 Science and Technology

Reading i the ant and the grasshopper.

Look at the following picture and answer these questions.

What do you think the two insects are doing?

What do you think happens to them when winter comes?

The grasshopper is dancing whereas the ant is working and collecting food for winter.

When the winter comes, they can’t get food in the field.

A. Choose appropriate words from the box below to replace the coloured words in the given sentences.

industry hilarious qualm enticements

obliged amendments expostulations

If your talent combines with diligence, you can excel in your field.

The dessert menu has a lot of delicious temptations.

The house passed the bill without listening to the public objections.

Knowledge of the ill effects of tobacco has led to modifications in smoking behaviour.

Without any regret, Yule started spending his father’s inheritance.

Mr. Smith read a humorous story which matched his real life.

enticements

expostulations

Put the following sentences from the story in the correct order.

Tom began to blackmail his brother for money.

Tom left his wife and his office.

When his money was spent, he borrowed it from friends and spent it on luxuries.

George continued to pay for his brother’s expenses.

Tom bought a motor-car and some very nice jewellery.

Tom took the help of Cronshaw to cheat his brother, and left for Monte Carlo.

Tom promised to make a fresh start.

The Ramsays were perfectly respectable people.

Tom never settled down.

Why is Tom described as the ‘black sheep’ of the Ramsay family?

What was a respectable profession for Tom?

Why was George Ramsay staring into space?

Why did Tom leave his work and wife?

How did Tom manage his life when he ran out of money in the beginning?

How did Cronshaw and Tom cheat George?

What made George realise that his brother would never settle down?

What is the moral of the story ‘The Ant and Grasshopper?

Tom is described as the ‘black sheep’ of the Ramsay family because he spoilt the reputation of the family.

To serve in a bar as well as to drive a taxi was a respectable profession for Tom.

George Ramsay was staring into space because his brother gave him a lot of trouble.

Tom left his work and wife because he wanted to enjoy himself.

When he ran out of money in the beginning, Tom managed his life by borrowing money from his friends.

Cronshaw and Tom cheated George by taking the case to court of not paying the bill.

He gave trouble one after another which made George realise that his brother would never settle down.

The moral of the story ‘The Ant and Grasshopper’ is we must be obedient, honest and labourious.

Make as many sentences as you can from the table given below.

Phoolmaya

Santosh

Biraj

They

had will have make

gets

make has was/were made

my shoes me /him/ her to dance

Suman

his brother

at the party. repaired last Sunday. write a letter tomorrow. to play with him all the time. wash my clothes. to smoke against my will. dig the field. to type the document. send her the mail.

Fill in the gaps with the correct form of have, get or make.

Did they ……….. you give a speech on behalf of the group?

Instead of buying a new car, why don’t you …… the old one fixed?

I ……… my hair cut tomorrow morning.

The teacher ………. every one of us to write an essay yesterday.

Ms. Shrestha usually …………. her hair dried at the hairdresser’s.

My mum always ……….. me clean my room on Saturdays.

I ………. my landlord to fix the broken windowpane this morning.

Suman ………. all the Maths problems solved by the teacher.

Did they have you give a speech on behalf of the group?

Instead of buying a new car, why don’t you get the old one fixed?

I have my hair cut tomorrow morning.

The teacher gets every one of us to write an essay yesterday.

Ms. Shrestha usually has her hair dried at the hairdresser’s.

My mum always makes me clean my room on Saturdays.

I get my landlord to fix the broken windowpane this morning.

Suman gets all the Maths problems solved by the teacher.

Rewrite the sentences with have, get or make.

Example: I painted my house last week.

I had my house painted last week.

She will ask her sister to light the lamp.

I am going to ask the dentist to fill my teeth.

Will you ask the barber to cut your hair?

I can’t design my house myself. So I am going to ask an architect to do it.

The girl asked her mechanic to repair her moped.

The landlady asks the gardener to cut the grass.

She will make her sister light the lamp.

I am going to make the dentist fill my teeth.

Will you get the barber to cut your hair?

I can’t design my house myself. So I am going to have an architect do it.

The girl had her mechanic repair her moped.

The landlady gets the gardener to cut the grass.

Choose the best alternatives and complete the sentences.

Mina got Shambhu ……………… (carry/to carry/carried) her suitcase.

Rita had Ankit ………………… (wash/to wash/washed) her clothes.

They got me ……… (dance/to dance/danced) at my brother’s wedding.

Kumari was made………….(turn on/to turn on/turned on) the television.

Barsha got new books …………… (buy/to buy//bought) her last week.

Upendra got Mukesh ………… (watch/to watch/watched) his house.

My father is very kind. He never makes us ……… (do/to do/ done) heavy work.

The film was very humorous. It made us all…………………

(laugh/to laugh/laughed) throughout the film.

His hair was too long. So he had it ………………… (cut/to cut/ cutting) yesterday.

The manager……………..(made/got/make) his secretary attend the conference.

Mathew made the mechanic………………… (overhaul/to overhaul/ overhauling) his car.

Smith had Jacque ……………… (fetch/to fetch/fetched) a pail of water.

My maths teacher asked us to remember all the theorems. In other words, we were made ……… (remember/remembered/to remember) all the theorems.

Mina got Shambhu to carry her suitcase.

Rita had Ankit wash her clothes.

They got me to dance at my brother’s wedding.

Kumari was made to turn on the television.

Barsha got new books bought her last week.

Upendra got Mukesh to watch his house.

My father is very kind. He never makes us do heavy work.

The film was very humorous. It made us all laugh throughout the film.

His hair was too long. So he had it cut yesterday.

The manager made his secretary attend the conference.

Mathew made the mechanic overhaul his car.

Smith had Jacque fetch a pail of water.

My maths teacher asked us to remember all the theorems. In other words, we were made to remember all the theorems.

Reading II Leisure

How is human life different from the lives of animals?

We can see horses enjoying the nature.

Human life is different from the lives of animals because human life is quite busy without any leisure.

A. Match the words with their meanings.

stare i. an area of trees

beneath ii. to improve the quality of something

woods iii. to look quickly at somebody or something

enrich iv. to look at somebody or something for a long time

glance v. under somebody or something

stare iv. to look at somebody or something for a long time

beneath v. under somebody or something

woods i. an area of trees

enrich ii. to improve the quality of something

glance iii. to look quickly at somebody or something

Why is our life so miserable, according to the poet?

What do sheep and cows do in nature?

What do squirrels do in the woods?

What magic does Beauty perform?

What is human life like, if observed carefully?

According to the poet, our life so miserable because we have no leisure.

Sheep and cows play, enjoy and stare at the beauty of nature.

They hide their nuts in the grass.

Beauty performs the dance which enriches the smile.

Human life is poor, full of duties and responsibilities if it is observed carefully.

D. How do you spend your leisure time? Write a short paragraph.

Study the example sentences in the table below.

Verb tenses	Active voice	Passive voice
Present Simple	He delivers the letters.	The letters are delivered.
Past Simple	He delivered the letters.	The letters were delivered.
Future Simple	He will deliver the letters.	The letters will be delivered.
Present Continuous	He is delivering the letters.	The letters are being delivered.
Past Continuous	He was delivering the letters.	The letters were being delivered.
Going to	He is going to deliver the letters.	The letters are going to be delivered.
Present Perfect	He has delivered the letters.	The letters have been delivered.
Past Perfect	He had delivered the letters.	The letters had been delivered.
Infinitive	He has to deliver the letters.	The letters have to be delivered.
Modals	He must deliver the letters.	The letters must be delivered.

Change the following sentences into passive voice.

Someone is helping her with the housework.

The mail-order company sent him a parcel.

My friend sent me an invitation.

The secretary has given the minister the letters.

The traffic police officer had already fined him for a parking offence.

John gave Elizabeth that beautiful ring.

Her students have sent her flowers.

He must give the message to the right person.

We teach our students English and French.

Someone bought flowers for the bride.

The guide showed the tourists the sights of Pokhara.

They pay her an excellent salary.

She is being helped with her housework.

He was sent a parcel by the mail-order company.

I was sent an invitation by my friend.

The minister has been given the letters by the secretary.

He had already been fined for a parking offence by the traffic police officer.

Elizabeth was given that beautiful ring by John.

She has been sent flowers by her students.

The message must be given to the right person by him.

Our students are taught English and French.

Flowers were bought for the bride.

The tourists were showed the sight of Pokhara by the guide.

She is paid an excellent salary.

Fill in the blanks with the correct passive form of the verbs in the brackets.

The Mayor inaugurated a sports centre in our town last week. The facility …………….(believe) to be one of the largest in the country and experts hope that it …………………….. (visit) by thousands of amateur and professional athletes over the course of the next few years.

The centre……………………. (construct) for over 6 years. However, it………….. (not completely finish) yet. Workers are making the final adjustments this week and say that it …………………….. (complete) by the end of the month.

The centre offers various sports facilities including two indoor swimming pools, three large gyms and a ball court. They …………………………. (can book) online or directly at the administration desk. The equipment ………………………… (buy) from local companies, which also provided the training programs.

The new centre …………………….. (finance) by government funds as well as grants that ………………. (give) to the region by the European Union. Politicians and famous athletes from all over the country …………..… (invite) to the official opening ceremony, scheduled for next Tuesday.

The Mayor inaugurated a sports centre in our town last week. The facility is believed to be one of the largest in the country and experts hope that it will be visited by thousands of amateur and professional athletes over the course of the next few years.

The centre has been constructed for over 6 years. However, it has not been completely finished yet. Workers are making the final adjustments this week and say that it will have been completed by the end of the month.

The centre offers various sports facilities including two indoor swimming pools, three large gyms and a ball court. They can be booked online or directly at the administration desk. The equipment had been bought from local companies, which also provided the training programs.

The new centre has been financed by government funds as well as grants that have been given to the region by the European Union, Politicians and famous athletes from all over the country will be invited to the official opening ceremony, scheduled for next Tuesday.

Write an essay about ‘Work and Leisure’ in approximately 200 words. You can use the given prompts.

differences similarities benefits balance

Unit 10 The Earth and Space

Reading i – a message from another planet.

Look at the picture below and answer the questions.

Do you think life exists on planets other than the Earth?

I can see a boy fishing on the bank of the river.

Yes, I think life exists on planets other than Earth.

Find the words from the story that are either opposite or similar to the words below.

dawn (opposite) b. shining (similar)

took off (opposite) d. modern (similar)

descended (opposite) f. great (similar)

twilight b. flashing c. landed

advanced e. ascended f. enormous

Match the words with their meanings.

saucer i. a ship or large boat

spaceship ii. a long comfortable seat

vessel iii. short bursts of bright light

flashing iv. a vehicle that travels in space, carrying people

couch v. a machine that is designed to do a particular thing in the home

broadcast vi. a small shallow round dish that a cup stands on

appliance vii. to send out a programme on television or radio

saucer vi. a small shallow round dish that a cup stands on

spaceship iv. a vehicle that travels in space, carrying people

vessel i. a ship or large boat

flashing iii. short bursts of bright light

couch ii. a long comfortable seat

broadcast vii. to send out a programme on television or radio

appliance v. a machine that is designed to do a particular thing in the home

Put the following events in the correct order.

They gave Suren a tiny computer.

The spaceship landed back on the bank of the Sunkoshi River.

A voice welcomed him and asked him to sit on the couch.

Suren wondered whether he had been dreaming.

Suren had been fishing when he saw a bright object over the Sunkoshi River.

They wanted to send a message to the leader of Nepal and the world.

When Suren went closer to the vessel, he was pulled into it.

What did Suren think about the bright object at first?

Where had Suren seen a spaceship before?

How did Suren feel when he was drawn inside the vessel?

How had they known about Suren?

How do they manage resources on their planet?

Why did Suren express his inability to deliver a message at first?

What message did they want to pass on?

Why did they give Suren a tiny computer?

Do you think people will believe Suren’s story? Give your reasons.

Suren thought that it was a helicopter probably going to Diktel.

Suren had seen the spaceship in the film before.

Suren felt frightened when he was drawn inside the vessel.

They had known about Suren by using long distance listening device.

They manage the resources on their planet by setting up collection centres and by recycling the things which are no longer in use.

Suren expressed his inability to deliver a message at first because he thought that leaders would not listen to a poor kid like him.

They wanted to pass on the message that collection centers should be set up in every town and city on Earth and cans, bottles, old household appliances, in fact, everything which is no longer in use, should be taken there and recycled.

They gave Suren a tiny computer to make Suren’s story believable to everyone.

Yes, I think people will believe Suren’s story because they gave Suren a far more advanced tiny computer which is not found in the earth till now.

If you met someone from another planet, what advice would you ask for about the Earth or Nepal?

Fill in the blanks with prepositions in, at or on.

We will meet ……….. the corner of the street on Sunday at 5: 00 pm.

Phurba is studying English literature …………. Ratna Rajya Campus.

The horses are grazing …….. the field.

Rima and Nakul got married ………. Bhadrakali temple 10 years ago.

What time did you arrive …….. the hotel?

Rachita lives ………….. England these days.

The cat is somewhere ……… the house.

There is a picture of house ……. Sheetal’s T-shirt.

The instruction is ……. the top of the page.

The dog is sleeping ……. the carpet.

at b. in c. in d. at e. at f. in g. in h. on i. on j. on

Choose one of the words/phrases from the box and complete the sentences below using in, at or on.

the air a farm	school	prison	the airport
Shanti Chalchitra Hall	bed	hospital	the station

Example: My train arrives at 4:30. Can you meet me at the station?

I love Saturdays the most. I can stay ……….. until eight.

My favourite movie Pashupati Prasad is playing ………..

Many people are …….. for the crime they committed.

I like the village, especially the fresh air. I think I should work …….. my village.

Did you make many friends when you were ………….. ?

Aryashila had an accident last month. She is still ………..

It was not a long flight. We were ………. for only 25 minutes.

When our flight was delayed, we had to wait ………. for about two hours.

I love Saturdays the most. I can stay on bed until eight.

My favourite movie Pashupati Prasad is playing in Shanti Chalchitra Hall.

Many people are in prison for the crime they committed.

I like the village, especially the fresh air. I think I should work on a farm in my village.

Did you make many friends when you were in school?

Aryashila had an accident last month. She is still in hospital.

It was not a long flight. We were in the air for only 25 minutes.

When our flight was delayed, we had to wait at the airport for about two hours.

Reading II Up-Hill

Column A Column B

wind i. person who usually travels on foot

morn ii. a small hotel, usually in the country

inn iii. to have many bends and twists

wayfarer iv. look for

seek v. morning

wind i. to have many bends and twists

morn ii. morning

inn iii. a small hotel, usually in the country

wayfarer iv. person who usually travels on foot

seek v. look for

C. Complete the summary of the poem using suitable words or phrases given below.

the road ahead up-hill someone a place a journey in the affirmative on the way everyone fellow travellers an inn

The speaker is making ……………. with her guide. She asks the guide eight different questions about …………. The first question is if the road is all ……………. and if the journey will take all day. The guide replies …………….. Next, she asks if there is ……………. to rest for the night. The guide informs the speaker that there is ……………. which she won’t miss. The speaker’s fifth question is, whether she will meet the other travellers …………….. At the inn, the speaker asks if she should knock or call the …………….. The guide replies that……………. will open the door. Lastly, the speaker asks if there will be a bed for her. The guide tells her that there are beds for…………….

The speaker is making a journey with her guide. She asks the guide eight different questions about the road ahead The first question is if the road is all up-hill and if the journey will take all day. The guide replies in the affirmative Next, she asks if there is an inn to rest for the night. The guide informs the speaker that there is a place which she won’t miss. The speaker’s fifth question is, whether she will meet the other travellers on the way. At the inn, the speaker asks if she should knock or call the fellow travellers The guide replies that someone will open the door. Lastly, the speaker asks if there will be a bed for her. The guide tells her that there are beds for everyone.

How far is the road up-hill, according to the guide?

What does the speaker doubt about the place to rest?

Who has travelled the road before?

What is the speaker’s seventh question?

Who do you think opens the door?

According to the guide, the road up-hill is too long that will take a whole day from morning to night to complete the journey.

The speaker doubts whether there is an inn to rest for the whole night or not.

The other wayfarers have travelled the road before.

The seventh question is whether she will find comfort or ease after her difficult journey being tired and weak.

I think, God opens the door.

Write a short description of an interesting road that you have recently travelled along.

Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions from the brackets.

Due ……. a traffic jam, we are late today. (with/to/at)

I’m sorry. You are not eligible …………. admission to this course. (with/for/of)

Look! She is playing ……….. her young son. (with/to/in)

The District Administration Office is entrusted ……………

maintain law and order in the city. (to/with/of)

He is envious …………. his rich neighbour. (with/of/off)

He became estranged ……………. his family after the argument. (with/from/of)

You had no excuse …… misbehaving with the clerk. (of/for/to)

I’m quite familiar ………………. her. (at/with/to)

She was brought ………. by her grandmother. (out/in/up)

Gopal left home because he did not want to abide ……………….. his father’s wishes. (to/with/by)

Due to a traffic jam, we are late today.

I’m sorry. You are not eligible for admission to this course.

Look! She is playing with her young son.

The District Administration Office is entrusted to maintain law and order in the city.

He is envious of his rich neighbour.

He became estranged from his family after the argument. (with/from/of)

You had no excuse for misbehaving with the clerk.

I’m quite familiar to her. (at/with/to)

She was brought up by her grandmother.

Gopal left home because he did not want to abide by his father’s wishes.

Choose and circle the correct prepositions (in brackets) in the paragraphs below.

Mr Pandey arrived in Kathmandu (on/in) May 10 (at/on) eight o’clock (in/on) the evening. He decided to call on his uncle who lived (on, in) Bhaktapur. He got on a bus (at/of) the station and paid the fare (to/for) the conductor. The bus was very crowded, so Mr Pandey had to stand up all the way.

When he reached Thimi, Mr Pandy got off the bus and walked a short distance (in/to) the house where his uncle lived. He knocked (at/ in) the door (of/on) his uncle’s house. He waited (for/during) a few minutes, but no one came (to/at) the door. He was disappointed to find no one (to/at) home. He saw a bench (at/to) the corner of the porch, and he sat down (on/in) it to wait for his uncle.

on at in in at

to to at of for

at at at on

Unit 11 Gadgets and Instruments

Reading i save your smartphone.

She is using her smartphone while charging.

We may have the risk of electric shock / accident

iii. While using a phone, we should avoid long conversation, not use while charging, keep away when sleeping, keep away from children etc.

Prolong = to make something last longer

essential = extremely important

fading = being less bright

generate = to produce

gunk = any sticky or dirty substance

render = to cause something to be in a particular condition

notification = notices

B. Write True for true statements and False for false ones.

It’s a good idea to keep our phones fully charged.

We should keep our phones together with other gadgets.

A phone is likely to hold more bacteria than a toilet seat.

Setting a screen lock on the phone helps us keep the information safe.

Smartphones are very useful even without apps.

It’s a good idea to keep our phones fully charged. False

We should keep our phones together with other gadgets. False

A phone is likely to hold more bacteria than a toilet seat. True

Setting a screen lock on the phone helps us keep the information safe. True

Smartphones are very useful even without apps. False

Write any three uses of smartphones in everyday life.

Why should we care for our phones?

Why should we not use cheap chargers to charge our phones?

How can we prevent our phones from getting over heated?

How can the phone be cleaned?

The uses of smartphones in everyday life are as follows:

Staying connected with family and friends

Getting works done

iii. Staying up to date with important schedules

Buying groceries or clothes online

We should care for our phones because they are very essential and central to our life.

We should not use cheap chargers to charge our phones because there may be the possibility of catching fire.

We can prevent our phones from getting overheated by placing them away from other gadgets at room temperature.

The phone can be cleaned with an antimicrobial spray and wiping it with a soft cloth.

What gadgets do you have at your home? How do you take care of them?

There are so many gadgets at home. We must take care of them. We have the gadgets such as smartphones, chargers, smartwatches, laptops, earphones and so on.

Due to COVID-19 outbreak, we are gradually realising how our gadgets are the breeding place for so many viruses and germs. Before the lockdown days, every time we touched any object such as handrails, door handles, switches in the elevator, we seldom cleaned our hands leading exposure to various microbes which then transferred to gadgets of our daily use such as smartphones, chargers, smartwatches, laptops, earphones and so on.

Because we work from home and have other gadgets, it’s impossible to say how much muck has accumulated between the buttons of our computer mouse or how much hair, dust, and food crumbs have fallen into the cracks of the keyboard. Alternatively, into the wire mesh of the headphones. We may have regular contact with these devices throughout the day, with oil and dead skin from our hands continuously rubbing off on them, making them potential breeding grounds for germs. As a result, keeping our electronics clean and sanitized is more than necessary. Some of the tips to take care of our gadgets are given below:

To keep our gadgets like laptop clean, we can follow these steps:

Step One: Remove your battery, clean it with a microfiber cloth, then blow off the dust using compressed air.

Step two: Using the same towel, wipe down the screen to remove any smudges.

Step three: Spray compressed air between the keyboard’s keys and into the USB ports.

Step four: Soak a cotton swab in isopropyl alcohol and gently clean the exterior of the laptop.

Step 5: Wipe down the laptop with a clean, dry cloth.

Grammar I (page 137)

Study the following table.

She said, “I love horror movies.”	She said that she loved horror movies.
“I worked as a waiter before attending college,” Harish said.	Harish said that he had worked as a waiter before attending college.
My friend said, “I’ll phone you tomorrow.”	My friend said that he would phone me the next day.
She said, “I’m planning to do it today.”	She said that she was planning to do it that day.
He said to me, “Get me something to drink.”	He told me to get him something to drink.
“Don’t make a noise,” said the teacher to the students.	The teacher told the students not to make a noise.
The doctor said to the patient, “Quit smoking.”	The doctor advised the patient to quit smoking.
The policeman told me, “Don’t park here.”	The policeman forbade me to park there. The policeman told me not to park there.

Change the following sentences into indirect speech. Use the given sentence starters.

“He works in a bank.”

She said ……………………..

“We went out last night.”

She told me ……………………..

“I’m coming!”

She said……………………..

“I was waiting for the bus when he arrived.”

“I’d never been there before.”

She said ……………………..

“I didn’t go to the party.”

He said to me, “Help him to do his homework.”

He asked me …………………..

The doctor said to the patient, “Take bed rest for a week.”

The doctor advised the patient ……………………..

The commander said to his soldiers, “March further.”

The commander ordered ……………………..

She said that he worked in a bank.

She told me that they had gone out the night before.

She said that she was going.

She told me that she had been waiting for the bus when he had arrived.

She said that she had never been there before.

She told me that she hadn’t gone to the party.

He asked me to help him to do his homework.

The doctor advised the patient to take bed rest for a week.

The commander ordered to march further.

Writing I (page 138)

Prepare a recipe to cook your favourite dish at home. Use the prompts given below.

name of the food item ingredients cooking procedure

Recipe to cook pasta

Ingredients

2 cups pasta

1 tbsp olive oil

Bring a large pot of water to a boil with one tablespoon of olive oil and one teaspoon of salt.

Drop a few strands or one sheet of pasta into the boiling water at a time.

Cook, uncovered until the pasta is cooked, stirring periodically and gently. Cooking times will vary depending on the size and thickness of the pasta.

Small pasta like macaroni can be cooked in 5 to 7 minutes.

Larger forms of pasta like spaghetti may take 10 to 12 minutes to cook.

Drain the cooked pasta immediately into a strainer or colander. To refresh, place it in a basin of cold water. Drain one more and set aside.

Toss the pasta with one tablespoon olive oil if it is not going to be used right away.

Reading – II Gadgets and Instruments

A. Match the words with the correct weather symbols.

sunny b. partially cloudy c. rainy

cloudy e. snowy f. stormy

Weather Instruments

Complete these sentences with the appropriate words from the text above.

Most of the FM …………. broadcast the news at 7:00.

The function of a ………….is to convert the change of temperature into numerical numbers.

The Earth is ………. by the atmosphere.

The amount of water in the air is called …………….

The wind vane is also known as a …………………

stations b. converter c. wrapped d. humidity e. weather vane /weathercock

How did people get the weather information until the 18th century?

with weather instruments ii. through their physical senses

iii. through their intuitions

Which one of the following barometers is the latest one?

digital ii. mercury iii. aneroid

What does a barometer measure?

atmospheric temperature ii. atmospheric humidity

iii. atmospheric pressure

Which of the following devices is NOT used to get weather information?

thermometer ii. galvanometer iii. anemometer

Which of the following devices is used to measure the speed of the wind?

wind wave ii. anemometer iii. hygrometer

through their physical senses
galvanometer

Where is an alcohol-filled thermometer mostly used?

What is a barometer used for?

What are the two kinds of hygrometer?

Give two examples of how an anemometer gives information about the weather.

Name the device that is used to measure the changes in weather conditions.

What precaution should be taken while using a rain gauge?

An alcohol-filled thermometer is mostly used to measure the temperature under -35 degree Celsius.

A barometer is used for measuring the atmospheric pressure.

The two types of hygrometer are dry and wet bulb hygrometer and a mechanical hygrometer.

An anemometer gives the information about the weather by showing the speed of wind and predicting storms as well as hurricanes.

The device that is used to measure the changes in weather condition is barometer.

The rain gauge must be placed at an open place without any obstacle.

How do you usually find out what the weather will be like? Talk to your friends.

We usually find out about the future condition of the weather with the help of Barometer. The weather will be like overcast, windy, and drizzly. Such weather makes me feel peaceful and comfortable. I enjoy such weather, especially at night, since I can hear the rainfall and see the dew on the window, which helps me sleep. The light rain helps the crops to grow nicely.

He said, “Don’t use my camera.”

The doctor said, “Give up smoking.”

“Don’t touch the wire.” The electrician said to me.

“Could you explain number four, please?” said the student.

“Don’t worry about it, Mrs. Shrestha.” She said.

“Finish this job in an hour.” He said.

Amrita said to me, “Please help me.”

He told me not to use his camera.

The doctor suggested me to give up smoking.

The electrician told me not to touch the wire.

The student requested me to explain number four.

She told Mrs. Shrestha not to worry about it.

He told me to finish that job in an hour.

Amrita requested me to help her.

Complete the following sentences with the correct alternatives from the brackets.

Anju said that she…………….(had seen/has seen/was seen) the accident the day before.

She says that ……………(she could not stay there anymore/I can’t stay there anymore/she can’t stay there anymore)

The teacher told us that……………….(the Earth revolves round the Sun/the Earth revolved round the Sun/the Earth revolve round the Sun)

Pramesh said that………………(he had done his homework/I have done my homework/he has done his homework)

The policeman ………………(requested/told/ordered) the thief not to move.

My father forbade me ……………… (to spend/do not spend/not to spend) so much money.

The head teacher forbade the students’ parents ………………(not to smoke/to not smoke/to smoke) on the school premises.

she can’t stay there anymore

the Earth revolves round the Sun

he had done his homework

In the past 20 years, there have been significant developments in the field of science and technology. These developments have had both a positive and negative impact. Write a newspaper article expressing your views on the impact of science and technology.

The information technology sector has grown dramatically during the previous two decades. It provides us with things like communication progress, cell phones, the internet, and so forth. However, many experts feel that this rise in the IT sector will have a negative impact rather than a positive impact in the coming years. For several reasons, I strongly disagree with this. The explanation strengthens my position.

IT has both positive and negative impact. However, many experts feel that this rise in the IT sector will have a negative impact rather than a positive impact in the coming years. For several reasons, I strongly disagree with this. The explanation strengthens my position. The most important argument is that it will completely transform the global commercial sector. The majority of the duties will be completed automatically and without human participation. That would be efficient and low-quality goods in the industrial industry. In addition, with the assistance of artificial intelligence, the automobiles would drive themselves. In reality, some businesses, like “Tesla” and “Google,” have already produced self-driving automobiles that do not require human intervention.

Furthermore, the company may expect enhanced file management, massive data storage, and cloud hosting. Payment gateways, such as “Google Pay,” “Amazon Pay,” and “Paytm,” are expected to be solely online a few years from now. Furthermore, the communication network will be upgraded in the future. However, I would not ignore the minor risks that may be there. The most prominent is cybersickness. They are concerned that individuals would abandon their regular routines as a result of their addiction to social media. Any cyber assault on social media might be carried out using this data. Any hacker might access the account and demand money.

To summarize it, it can be concluded that, while development in the IT sector has some drawbacks, I believe that development in the IT sector would be definitely beneficial for human life advancement, and information technology will continue to comfort us in unimaginable ways in the coming years.

Unit – 12 People and Places

How much do you love reading? What is the name of the last book you read?

Answer: I love reading much when I have leisure time. The name of the book I last read is Agni by Nabaraj Lamsal.

Who is your favourite writer? Say something interesting about him or her.

Answer: My favourite writer is Krishna Dharabasi, He has written so many books. He is now in America. Last week I talked to him on Tiktok live.

Reading I Paulo Coelho

Complete the table below. Use a dictionary to check the meanings. Then, choose the correct word to complete the sentences. Change the form if necessary.

Noun Verb Adjective

embroidery embroider

investigation

torture torture torturous

attraction attract attractive

inspiring inspire inspiring

investigation investigate investigative

She was an …………….. example to her followers.

It is claimed that the officers ………… a man to death in a city police station.

Naturally, I …………. the tale a little to make it more interesting.

The company conducted its own internal ………………. into the robbery.

The exhibition is ……………. huge crowds.

inspiring b. torture c. embroider d. investigation e. attracting

The following sentences depict some of the important events in Paulo Coelho’s life. Put them in chronological order.

He travelled to Santiago de Compostela which inspired him to write The Pilgrimage .

He was enrolled in a law school.

He got married to the artist, Christina Oiticica.

He stayed in a mental hospital.

Coelho established the Paulo Coelho Institute.

He left school and lived the life of a hippie.

Coelho wanted to become a writer.

Coelho wrote the allegorical novel The Alchemist.

Why did Coelho’s parents discourage him from becoming a writer?

What changed Coelho’s life in a significant way?

Why is The Alchemist special?

What are most of his books about?

Write two evidences that prove Coelho is an international author.

What are the criticisms of his writing?

Write the names of two books which focus on Coelho’s travels.

Coelho’s parents discouraged him from becoming a writer because they wanted him to become a lawyer.

A pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in Spain where he experienced a spiritual awakening and felt inspired to write the book “The Pilgrimage (1987)” which changed Coelho’s life in a significant way.

The Alchemist is special because it has become a worldwide phenomenon. Coelho’s has earned popularity as an international author. It has sold, by Coelho’s count roughly 35 million copies and is now the most translated book in the world by any living author.

Most of his books are autobiographic in nature and deal with spirituality and faith, societal impacts on individuals and love.

The two pieces of evidence that prove Coelho as an international author are:

Many of his books are translated into different languages and enormously sold and

He has received several prestigious awards in international level.

The criticisms of his writing are that his books merely promote vague spirituality devoid of rigour.

‘Aleph’ and ‘Hippie’ are the two books which focus on Coelho’s travels mostly.

Which of Paulo Coelho’s books would you most like to read?

Give reasons for your choice.

I would like to read MAKTUB which is the finest novel of Paolo Cohelo.

Maktub means “It is written…” It is a suitable title for a collection of stories and parables that symbolize a colorful wealth of wisdom broken down into bits. These brief texts, inspired by many sources and folklore, arose from Paulo Coelho’s contribution to the Brazilian newspaper Folha de Sao Paulo.

I’m not sure if Paulo Coelho is a writer or a saint, and I’m not sure where he got the inspiration for so many short stories in this book. It appears to be a life-time collection. Paulo Coelho is heavily affected by Sufism, which explains how, like Alchemist, he began his novels with God and destiny but ended up spinning around numerous parts of life in all their richness and colours.

In the book we find the carriers traveled at a quicker pace for many days. But one afternoon, they all dropped their burdens and sat on the ground. They refused to go no matter how much money was provided. When the explorer eventually inquired why they were acting so strangely, he was given the following response. “We were working at such a breakneck rate that we had lost track of what we were doing.” Now we must wait for our soul to catch up with us.”

The book is loaded with meaningful, heartwarming stories that have taught me one of life’s most valuable lessons: “There is a cost to following one’s dreams, but it is never as great as the cost of not living out one’s particular destiny and hearing our own heart declare “I wasted my life.”

Grammar I (page 150)

Complete the following sentences with the article ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’.

Sudip bought …….. expensive guitar yesterday. ………….. guitar is beautiful.

Ms Sherpa is ……..university student.

…….. boy wearing a black cap is my brother.

I have given him half……..hour to finish the task.

Angelia has……..beautiful daughter named Sophia.

Mr Gurung is ……..S.P. of Nepal Police.

Is diamond …………. hardest substance in the world?

Mrs Yadav is ………. honourable teacher.

Rice sells at Rs. 60 ……… kilo.

I met …………. European writer last Monday.

an b. a c. The d. an e. a f. an g. the h. an i. a j. a

Writing I (page 150)

Read the following review of The Alchemist, one of the most popular books of Paulo Coelho. Make notes and underline key points as you read. You will use the example to write your own review.

A Review of ‘Agni’

Title: Agni

Author: Nabaraj Lamsal

Published Date: 10-09-2021

Book Award: Madan Puraskar

ISBN: 9789937753067

Publisher: Book Hill

Book Genre: Epic (Poem)

Nabaraj Lamsal has published songs, poems and epics. His voice has been heard in Radio Nepal for almost 30 years as a radio personality. Possessing a mesmerizing voice, he has written three epics namely ‘Karna’, ‘Dhara’ and ‘Agni’. Similarly, two song collections and two poetry collections have also been published. Lamsal’s latest work ‘Agni’ won the 2078 Madan Award. A conversation with Lamsal about the epic ‘Agni’ and his literary journey:

Going back in time, the book tells the account of King Shah Prithvi Narayan Shah and the Sen Kings of Nepal, who supposedly strove to put an end to inequality. It also discusses how power may be used to hurt marginalized people and recommends societal changes and marginalized people’s independence. It is an epic that depicts the struggle and suffering of Nepal’s underprivileged people. The writer employed prose as a way to represent the experiences of numerous members of Nepal’s disadvantaged population, revolving around themes of caste discrimination and untouchability that are prominent in Nepali culture.

In the epic Agni, the marginalized Dalit community is sidelined by the state itself. This book has raised their issue. When Prithvi Narayan Shah was unifying Gorkha, there were 1100 households. Now, instead of fighting, the villagers asked to collect 1 rupee from each house. 1100 rupees were collected from that. With that money, Prithvi Narayan Shah went to Jasvir Kami’s Aran. Where he made swords, khukuri. During the Nuwakot war in the Trishuli river, the army was not able to cross the river from Shubhghat. Jalewa Majhi cut wood and built a boat to cross the river. In this book this question is raised, where are the children of Bise Nagarchi, Jasvir Kami and Jalewa Majhi today? The poet wrote Agni because of the awareness that he should write about those marginalized people who fought for state power.

This is very good epic. I request all to read it to learn about the scenario during the period of unification.

Unit 12 (Grade 9) People and Places (Part II)

Unit 12 People and Place

Look at the picture below and guess the answers to the following questions.

What are the two women doing?

Answer: One woman is doing household works whereas another woman is sitting and having hot drink.

What do you think the relationship is between the two women?

Answer: The relationship between the two women is mistress and servant.

Madam and Her Madam (page 152)

Match the following words/phrases in column A with their meanings in column B.

Column A Column B

mean i. not giving up easily

get through ii. a horse that is used to carry heavy loads

dinner iii. cease to function; collapse

break down iv. unkind

pack-horse v. a formal and polite way of speaking to a woman

Madam vi. to manage to do or complete something

dogged vii. the main meal of the day

mean iv. unkind

get through vi. to manage to do or complete something

dinner vii. the main meal of the day

break down iii. cease to function; collapse

pack-horse ii. a horse that is used to carry heavy loads

Madam v. a formal and polite way of speaking to a woman

dogged i. not giving up easily

Was the Madam really not mean? Why does the speaker say ‘she wasn’t mean’?

Make a list of work that the maid had to do.

What made her nearly break down?

How did the Madam respond to the maid’s question?

No, the madam was really mean. The speaker says ‘she wasn’t mean’ because she is so polite and frank in speaking but she makes her do hard labour.

The list of work that the maid had to do are:

Clean 12 rooms of the house

Prepare all meals

Take care of her children

Wash, iron an scrub

The heavy duties of the mistress made her nearly break down.

The madam responded very politely and lovingly to the maid’s question.

The poem above presents an example of one type of discrimination. What kinds of discrimination are in existence in your society? Discuss.

Nepal is a multilingual, multicultural and multireligious country. The same situation is appeared in my society too. There are some good as well as some bad practices seen. We can find discrimination and social inequality in my society.

Discrimination can be based on a variety of factors, including age, gender, weight, ethnicity, religion, or even politics. Racism, for example, refers to prejudice and discrimination based on race. Gender bias or discrimination is sometimes referred to as sexism. In other words, discrimination is the practice of distinguishing, excluding, or favoring persons based on their race, color, gender, religion, political beliefs, or any other form of social status. Such a preference or exclusion is discriminatory in the sense that it negates or damages equality of opportunity and favors some over others in job, vocation, political power control, distribution, and usage. Such discriminations are found in my society.

Preferences given to one segment of society over another in the distribution and distribution of social privileges and chances is a major violation of human rights. It is a very bad practice. A number of international organisations and agreements have proclaimed that equality in life possibilities is a fundamental human right of all people living wherever in the globe. However, the international community’s concern and associated voices made by civil society are not taken seriously in many locations. It should be taken seriously and and should be controlled.

Not only in my society but also in many regions of the world continue to face discrimination on the basis of their race, color, creed, caste, gender, and ethnicity. The people of the world are facing this problem. I request the government, NGOs, INGOs and so-called social organisations to work seriously to control such social evils.

Grammar II (page 155)

Fill in the blanks with a, an or the where necessary. If no article is necessary put a cross (X).

A: Where did you have……lunch?

B: We went to ……restaurant.

A: Did you have …….nice holiday?

B: Yes, it was …….best holiday I’ve ever had.

A: Where’s …..nearest grocery shop?

B: There is one at …..end of this street.

A: Do you often listen to……. radio?

B: No. In fact, I haven’t got ……radio.

A: Would you like to travel in ……..space?

B: Yes, I’d love to go to ………Moon.

A: Do you go to …….cinema very often?

B: No. But I do watch a lot of films on …….television.

A: You had …….. nice time yesterday, didn’t you?

B: Yes, we went for a walk by …….. Narayani River.

A: Can you tell me where ……… head teacher’s room is?

B: It’s on …….. second floor.

Writing II (page 156)

Write a short biography of Nepali National Poet, Madav Prasad Ghimire, based on the outline given below.

Madhav Prasad Ghimire

Birth: 23 September, 1919, Pustun, Lamjung

Childhood: brought up by his father and grandfather after his mother’s death learned the Panchanga , went to Duradanda, Lamjung, and later to Kathmandu to study Sanskrit, studied in Banaras, India too

Career : writing career began in Lamjung as a writer for Bhashanubad Parishad, and later as an editor for The Gorkhapatra

Works : Gauri (epic), Malati Mangale , Manjari, Indrakumari, Rastra Nirmata, Kinnar-Kinnari (lyrical anthology) , Charu Charcha (essay collection) , Aafno Bansuri Aafnai Geet, Himal Pari Himal Wari , Aswathama , Rajheswari and Shakuntala (epic)

Awards and Honours: Distinguished Academy Medal-Shree Prasiddha Praval Gorkha Dakshinabahu -Bhanubhakta Award-Tribhuwan Pragya Puraskar-Padmashree Sadhana Samman Puraskar-Sajha Award

Personal Life: six daughters and two sons from two marriages

Death : 18 August 2020 at the age of 100, Lainchaur, Kathmandu- cremated with state honours

Madhav Prasad Ghimire:

Madhav Prasad Ghimire was born on September 23, 1919, in a town known as Pustun, in Lamjung district of Nepal. Ghimire’s mother died when he was around a year and a half, and he grew up in the Lamjung. His father and grandparents raised him among the hills, forests, rivers, and peaceful streams of rural Nepal. He learnt to read at the age of six, and the Panchanga at the age of eight or nine. He left home at the age of eleven and went to Duradada to study Sanskrit. Ghimire’s first instructor was a holy man who taught him and his classmates the English letters from an old grammar book. His formal education began when he was 12 years old, when his father sent him to study astrology, which he directed for more than two years. He was then sent to the Bhasa Patshala language school, which was approximately two hours distant from his village. He then moved to Kathmandu to study in Sanskrit Pradhan Pathshala and Tindhara Sanskrit Pathsala. He subsequently moved to India to continue studying and spend time studying at Banaras.

His writing career began in Lamjung as a writer of Bhashanubad Parishad. At the age of 14, he had his first publication in Gorkhapatra. Gyanpuspa was the title of his work. Later in life, he served as a co-editor for Gorkhapatra. He worked as a writer for Bhashanubad Parishad (1941 AD) and as co-editor of Gorkhapatra after graduation from Banaras (1944 AD). He returned to his birthplace in 2008 and worked as a teacher for a short time. Ghimire was vice chancellor of the Royal Academy of Nepal from 1979 to 1988 and chancellor from 1988 to 1990. During his tenure, he led delegations to China, Russia and Bangladesh.

He is highly renowned for his inspiring works such as Gauri, Malati Mangale, Manjari, Indrakumari, Rastra Nirmata, Kinnar-Kinnari (lyrical anthology), Charu Charcha (essay collection), Aafno Bansuri Aafnai Geet, Himal Pari Himal Wari, Aswathama, Rajheswari, and Shakuntala (epic). He was named Nepal’s Rashtra Kavi (national poet). He is probably one of the few Nepalese poets who achieve fame and prosperity rather than the unfortunate oblivion that is usually bestowed upon them.

For his distinguished service, he was awarded the Distinguished Academy Medal, the Shree Prasiddha Praval Gorkha Dakshinabahu, the Bhanubhakta Prize, and the Tribhuwan Pragya Puraskar. He also earned the Padmashree Sadhana Samman Puraskar and the Sajha Award.

A proud father of six daughters and two boys, all of whom were highly educated, the stunning jewel of the country lived his golden years calmly with his second wife, Mahakali. At the final part of his life, he didn’t have much time to write.

He died in Kathmandu on August 18, 2020, at the age of 100. In Lainchaur, Kathmandu, he was cremated with full state honors.

Unit 13 Organization Profile and Authority

Which organizations do these logos represent? Discuss why these organizations were established.

What does ADB stand for?

Does this organisation work in Nepal?

ADB stands for Asian Development Bank.

Yes, it works in Nepal.

Reading I -Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI)

What is ADBI?

Find the words from the text and solve the crossword puzzle.

a medium where people exchange their opinions and idea

a plan to achieve a particular purpose

utilisation of a decision

a common opinion

a large official meeting

a meeting for discussion

a formal plan

implication

perspective

collaboration

Fill in the gaps with correct words/phrases from the text.

The ………works under the direction of the ADB President.

The organisation emphasises its activities in the areas where it has ……

It provides …….for policy makers in its developing member countries.

The basis for research topics are ADB’s ………………

ADBI has close relations with various …………think tanks.

The development works under the direction of the ADB President.

The organisation emphasises its activities in the areas where it has strategic advantages.

It provides intellectual input for policy makers in its developing member countries.

The basis for research topics are ADB’s priority sectors and themes.

ADBI has close relations with various national and regional think tanks.

What does ADBI stand for?

Who is this organisation supported by?

State any two objectives of ADBI.

How does ADBI run its programmes?

What do the ADBI’s research programmes contribute to?

What are the forms of ADBI’s capacity-building and training programmes?

How does it distribute its research results and outputs?

ADBI stands for Asian Development Bank Institute.

This organisation is supported by an independent Advisory Council.

The objectives of ADBI are to identify effective development strategies and improve the capacity for sound development of the agencies and organisations engaged in development work in ADB’s developing member countries.

ADBI runs its programmes by conducting research with a focus on medium to long-term development issues of strategic importance and through capacity building and training (CBT).

The ADBI’s research programmes contribute to the development policy debate and help to identify effective development strategies and improve the capacity for sound development in the region.

The forms of ADBI’s capacity-building and training programmes are policy dialogues, course-based training, and e-learning.

ADBI distributes its research results and outputs through multiple channels, including media, publications, webpage and social media.

Name any three international organisations that are working in Nepal. Talk to your friends about their objectives and functions.

Make as many sentences as possible from the table below.

A rice cooker

A washing machine

She’s got a driving license

Mahanta took Maths

Mina went to university

in order to

is for

is meant for

drive a bus.

be a lecturer.

be an engineer.

drive a car.

washing clothes. cooking rice.

Example: Mina went to university to be a lecturer.

A rice cooker is meant for cooking rice.

A washing machine is meant for washing clothes.

She’s got a driving license to drive a bus.

Mahanta took Maths to be an engineer……

Fill in the blanks with because/because of/so that/to/for/ although/in spite of.

………..it rained heavily, we played the football match.

We couldn’t enjoy the trekking much …………the snowfall.

………..all our efforts, we couldn’t run the programme smoothly.

Deepak went back to the village………….he could enjoy a pleasant life there.

He went to hospital ………see a doctor.

I bought an envelope ……….sending a letter.

I could not attend my classes yesterday ……….I was feeling unwell.

Suprima accepted the job……….the salary, which was quite low.

I could not get to sleep ………the noise.

I managed to get to sleep ……….there was a lot of noise.

in spite of

Study the given advertisement.

TIGER SHOES

The best sports shoes. So remarkably original, that no other shoes have managed to match Tiger. Tiger 50% off

at New Year shoes are made for champions. To win the game, everyone should wear Tiger.

Only use with special Tiger socks.

Design similar advertisements for the following items. Use the given prompts.

headline picture/illustration features offer warranty

calculator b. mobile phone c. watch

When do you usually congratulate people?

Answer: We usually congratulate people when they achieve something good thing in their life.

Mention the occasions you have been congratulated.

Answer: I have been congratulated when I received first prize in essay competition.

A. Find the words from the text and complete the sentences.

I really admire you for your ………….. explanation.

An ……. person can, no doubt, see many positive things at a glance.

The work was done with a professional ……………….

Please make every ………….. to arrive on time.

Parents are ………… proud of their children’s achievements.

justifiably

a Where does Anil Gurung live?

b Why is Anil Gurung writing this letter?

c Why is her new position an opportunity for Mrs. Rai?

d What does Anil Gurung expect from Mrs. Rai as the chief editor?

e How can you say that Anil Gurung is a helpful person?

f What could be the relationship between Mrs. Rai and Anil Gurung?

Anil Gurung lives in Changunarayan, Bhaktapur.

Anil Gurung is writing this letter to congratulate Mrs Rai on her recent appointment to the Chief Editor of The Nepal Times.

Her new position an opportunity for Mrs. Rai is to set the standard for future chief editors.

Anil Gurung expects unbiased news stories and articles from Mrs. Rai as the chief editor.

I can say that Anil Gurung is a helpful person because he promises to assist her.

The relationship between Mrs. Rai and Anil Gurung could be friends.

Have you ever sent a letter of congratulations to anybody? Why did you send it? Share your experiences and feelings.

Join the following pairs of sentences with the connectives given in the brackets.

I couldn’t sleep. I was tired. (despite)

They have little money. They are living happily. (even though)

He went to the tap. He wanted to bring a pail of water. (in order to)

I enjoyed the film. The story was not very good. (though)

We live in the same colony. We hardly meet each other. (in spite of)

I was not wet. I had an umbrella. (because)

I ate all the food. It was not very tasty. (although)

He went to the bank. He could cash the cheque. (so that)

I couldn’t sleep despite my tiredness.

They are living happily even though they have little money.

He went to the tap in order to bring a pail of water.

I enjoyed the film though the story was not very good.

We hardly meet each other in spite of living in the same colony.

I was not wet because I had an umbrella.

I ate all the food although it was not very tasty.

He went to the bank so that he could cash the cheque.

Study the given message of congratulations.

Congratulations!

Our special thanks and

Mr Mahabir Pun,

President of ENRD for being awarded

The Ramon Magsaysay Award,

This was for his outstanding contribution to Community Leadership and bringing unprecedented changes in rural livelihoods through the use of Internet Technology.

E-Network Research and Development, Nepal

Write a message of congratulations to your neighbour who has received a full scholarship to complete his or her studies.

My special thanks and tribute to

Mr. Ashok Poudel,

For getting full scholarship to study micro biology in Indira Gandhi University, India. Congrats! It’s so decent to see that your diligent work has at last paid off. Make good use of your scholarship. The success of this scholarship opens the entryways to your splendid future.

I am so pleased and proud of your great achievement. May the Almighty keep his grace on you to achieve many great things in life. Keep it up, dear

Mr. Anupam Pandit

Imagine that your uncle/aunt has been elected as the Mayor/ Chairperson of your Municipality or Rural Municipality. Write a formal message of congratulations to him/her to be published in a newspaper.

Mr. Arjan Sharma,

For getting golden chance to be elected as the mayor of Daran Municipality, Province-1, Nepal. Your election comes at a time of crisis for Nepal including different local governments. I hope you will certainly solve different problems of the municipality. Congrats! It’s so decent to see that your diligent work has at last paid off. Make good use of your intelligent. Heartiest felicitation of this opportunity opens the entryways to your splendid future and the progress of the municipality.

I wish your success during your mandate as Chairperson of the municipality.

Mr. Denial Daan

Unit 14 History and Civilization

Reading i the maya empire.

Look at the following pictures and answer these questions.

What is the name of the invention shown in the picture?

Who was it developed by?

A. Match the following words from the text with their meanings.

drought i. an instance of a large number of people or things arriving somewhere

excel ii. a picture representing a word, syllable or sound

hieroglyph iii. to be very good at doing something

dominant iv. digging ground to look for old buried buildings or objects

concentration v. a long period of time when there is little or no rain

invasion vi. a lot of something in one place

excavation vii. more important, powerful or easy to notice than other things

drought v. a long period of time when there is little or no rain

excel iii. to be very good at doing something

hieroglyph ii. a picture representing a word, syllable or sound

dominant vii. more important, powerful or easy to notice than other things

concentration vi. a lot of something in one place

invasion i. an instance of a large number of people or things arriving somewhere

excavation iv. digging ground to look for old buried buildings or objects

Find the words in the text and fill in the crossword puzzle.

people who follow each other in time or order

a loss of power, prosperity or status

complete with regard to every detail

a union or association formed for mutual benefit

complete disorder and confusion

very complicated and detailed

to use all of something so that there is none left

When did the Maya Civilisation reach its height?

sixth century AD ii. ninth century AD iii. 250 AD

Why were the Mayas unlikely to be invaded by the Mesoamericans?

They had scattered to many places. ii. They were concentrated in a particular area. iii. They lived together with their relatives.

What has fascinated researchers about the Mayas from the southern lowlands?

the stone cities ii. the cultural differences

iii. the pyramid buildings

Which period of the Maya Civilisation is considered the golden age?

The Medieval Period ii. The Classic Period iii. The Pre-Classic Period

Whom did the Mayas consider their god?

nature ii. the king iii. the people

According to scholars, which of the following is NOT the cause of Maya downfall?

environmental exhaustion ii. internal warfare iii. foreign invasion

sixth century AD
They were concentrated in a particular area.
the stone cities
The Classic Period

iii. foreign invasion

Match the paragraph numbers with respective information.

I i. occupation of the earliest Maya society

II ii. number of people in the Maya civilisation

III iii. achievement by the Maya civilisation in different sectors

IV iv. places where the Mayas lived

V v. categories of the places where the Mayans lived

VI vi. spirituality of the Mayan people

VII vii. fights with the neighbouring states as the possible cause of downfall

VIII viii. time when the downfall of the Maya Civilisation started

I-I, II- iv, III-v, IV-iii, V-ii, VI-vi, VII-viii, VIII-vii

Why is the study of history important to us? Prepare a mindmap of your thoughts and discuss with your friends.

Compare what Samita said in the past and what she says now.

FIVE YEARS AGO

I travel a lot. I’m a hotel receptionist.

I play the piano. I’ve got lots of friends.

I’m very lazy. I never read newspapers.

I don’t like cheese. I don’t drink tea.

I’ve got a dog. I go to a lot of parties.

I eat a lot of cheese now. My dog died two years ago.

I work very hard these days. I read a newspaper every day now.

I work in a bookshop now. I haven’t been to a party for ages.

I don’t know many people these days. I haven’t played the piano for years.

I don’t go away much these days. Tea’s great! I like it now.

Now, make sentences using used to/didn’t use to/never used to as in the example.

Example: She used to travel a lot but she doesn’t go away much these days.

She used to travel a lot but she doesn’t go away much these days.

She used to play the piano but she hasn’t played the piano for years.

She used to be very lazy but she works very hard these days.

She didn’t use to like cheese but she eats a lot of cheese now.

She used to have a dog but her dog died two years ago.

She used to be a hotel receptionist but she works in a bookshop now.

She used to have lots of friends but she doesn’t know many people these days.

She didn’t use to read newspapers but she reads a newspaper every day now.

She didn’t use to drink tea but she likes it now.

She used to go to a lot of parties but she hasn’t been to a party for ages.

Rewrite the following sentences using used to or didn’t use to.

I lived with my parents.

Did you swim in the river every summer?

He never smoked.

I played tennis at school.

Villagers walked for hours to reach the nearest health post.

There was a dense forest around the village.

What did you do in your childhood?

I didn’t write stories.

Did people travel by airplanes?

Where did you go to deposit your money?

I used to live with my parents.

Did you use to swim in the river every summer?

He didn’t use to smoke.

I used to play tennis at school.

Villagers used to walk for hours to reach the nearest health post.

There used to be a dense forest around the village.

What did you use to do in your childhood?

I didn’t use to write stories.

Did people use to travel by airplanes?

Where did you use to go to deposit your money?

Read the following story carefully. Then give it a suitable title.

There lived a fox in a forest. One day, he thought of a plan to have fun with a stork from the same forest. The fox always used to laugh at the appearance of the stork.

“You must come and dine with me today,” he said to the stork, smiling to himself at the trick he was going to play. The stork gladly accepted the invitation and arrived in good time and with a very good appetite.

For dinner the fox served soup. But it was set out in a very shallow dish, and all the stork could do was to wet only the tip of his bill. He could not drink a single drop of the soup. But the fox lapped it up easily, and, to increase the disappointment of the stork, made a great show of his enjoyment.

The hungry stork was much displeased at the trick, but he was a calm-tempered fellow and saw no good in flying into a rage. Instead, not long afterward, he invited the fox to dine with him in turn. The fox arrived promptly at the time that had been set, and the stork served a fish dinner that had a very appetizing smell. But it was served in a tall jar with a very narrow neck. The stork could easily get at the food with his long bill, but the fox could only lick the outside of the jar, and sniff at the delicious smell. And when the fox lost his temper, the stork said calmly, “Do not play tricks on your neighbours unless you can stand the same treatment yourself.”

The Fox and the Stork

Develop readable stories based on the given outlines.

A king……….enemies defeat him six times…… hides in a cave……… sees a spider……….. climbing the wall…………fails for six times ………. succeeds on the 7th attempt ………. the king learns a lesson. …….. collects courage and attacks enemies……… succeed…….. moral

A Defeated King

Once upon a time, there was a king. His name was Robert Bruce. He was attacked by other kings. He was defeated by them. After being beaten by his enemies, he lost his kingdom. At any costs, he wanted to retake his kingdom. He fought fiercely. He made a big troop of soldiers. He attacked them but failed each and every time. He did six efforts but he had bad fortune. Each time he got beaten. Finally, he decided to escape from there. He left there and started to live in a cave.

While he was staying in the cave, he saw a spider. The spider was trying to climb the cave’s roof. But he failed each and every time. The spider failed six times but didn’t lose hope. It tried again and on the seventh attempt it got success. The king felt quite motivated. He gathered his forces, attacked his enemies, boldly engaged them for the seventh time, and ultimately succeeded over them. As a result, he found his lost kingdom.

Moral: Perseverance is the root of success.

Two friends meet a bear….one climbs a tree …the other lies down as if dead….the bear smells his limbs…..goes away…..the first man comes down and asks….what the bear said……”beware of friends who run away in danger.”…..moral

Selfish Friend

Once upon a time two friends were strolling through the woods. They were aware that anything bad may happen to them in the jungle at any time. They thus made a promise to one another that they would stick together in the event of danger. Thus they were walking very carefully in the forest.

They were frightened because they saw a big bear heading their way. Immediately, one of the friends climbed a neighboring tree. The other, though, was unable to climb. So, following his common sense, he collapsed on the ground, appearing to be dead.

The bear approached the man who was supine. It smelled in his ears before gently leaving the area. The bear thought that he was dead so it left him. It was because bears do not handle the dead animals. The other friend who was on the tree became surprise. He said, “What did the bear say into your ears, my friend?” The friend on the on the ground replied, “The bear cautioned me not to believe on deceptive friend.”

Moral: True Friend is one who always supports and stands by you in any situation.

Reading II The History of Money

Look at the pictures and answer the following questions.

What are these currencies?

What would happen if we didn’t have money?

They are coins and note currencies of Nepali rupees and the American dollar.

If we didn’t have money, we cannot purchase anything.

The History of Money (page 178)

Find the words from the text above that have the following meanings.

r……… the period during which a king, queen, emperor, etc. rules

p……… to happen before something

r……… to control something by means of rules

c……… simply and without much skill or attention to detail

f……… to form a border around something

l……… something that somebody has done successfully

f……… an official order given by somebody in authority

s……… free to govern itself; completely independent

i……… belonging naturally; essential

Complete the table below with the correct information about the development of money.

Timeline	Events
1200 BCE	cowrie shells used as money
2000 BCE
6th century BCE
997–1022 CE
1821 CE
21st century

Timeline Events

1200 BCE cowrie shells used as money

2000 BCE coins made of metal

6th century BCE currency made of leather and animals

997–1022 CE paper currency made of mulberry trees

1821 CE the gold standard unit of currency

21st century digital payment and virtual currency

What did people use to make a trade before the invention of money?

How were temples used as banks in the past?

What was the benefit of using cowrie shells as money?

Describe the coins invented by Turkey.

Why did the leaders in international finance introduce the gold standard in currency?

What form of money is being used in the 21st century?

Before the invention of money, the basis of early commerce was barter, a system of direct exchange of one product for another.

Temples were used to store grain and other valuables used in trade as banks.

The benefit of using cowrie shells as money was that they were similar in size, small, and durable.

The coins invented by Turkey were made of electrum, a natural mixture of gold and silver, shaped like beans, these coins featured the royal symbol, a lion.

The leaders in international finance introduced the gold standard in currency since the paper money (promissory note) comes with a number of problems.

The 21st century has given rise to novel forms of money including digital payment and virtual currency such as bitcoin.

How might people trade in the next 20 years? What form of money might be used? Talk to your friends.

Study the following sentences and notice simple past, past continuous and past perfect.

While I was studying, Karen phoned me three times.

They were playing football when the storm started.

While she was working in India, she began to learn Hindi.

I had finished the shopping when I met Manoj.

When we got to the party, most people had already left.

It was the best movie I’d ever seen.

He had already read the book so I gave it to his sister.

She had known him since they were children.

In 2005, I was living in Biratnagar.

She called me yesterday.

past continuous and simple past

past perfect and simple past

simple past and past perfect

past continuous

simple past

Use simple past, past continuous or past perfect forms of the verbs in the brackets to complete the following sentences.

Mr. Singh ………. (wait) for me when I reached the station.

A: What …………… (do) this time yesterday?

B: I was reading a novel.

A: ………….. (go) out last night?

B: No, I was too busy to go out.

A: Was Sapana at the party?

B: Yes, she ………. (dance) with Ravi.

A: What ………. (do) when the earthquake occurred?

B: I was cooking meal.

He ……….. (fall) off the wall when Sanam pushed him.

I ………. (be) really in a difficult situation when I lost the job.

When I was young, I ………….. (want) to become a doctor.

I ……………. (do) my homework when the telephone rang.

When I last saw Kiran, he ………… (work) in his garden.

was waiting

were you doing

was working

Find the mistakes in the story below and correct the verb forms throughout.

This happens to me when I was in India. I used to go to my office by train. On this particular evening, I hurry to my station but when I reached there, the train has already gone. I bought a newspaper and packet of biscuits and sit on the bench. While I am reading, a man came and sits down opposite me. There was nothing special about him, except that he is very tall. I was still reading when my eyes catch a very strange sight. The man reached over the table, open my packet of biscuits, took one, dip it into his coffee and popped it into his mouth. I couldn’t believe my eyes. But I didn’t want to make a fuss, so I ignored it. I just take a biscuit myself and went back to the newspaper. While I was pretended to be very interested in the news, the man took a second biscuit. After a couple of minutes I casually put a biscuit in my mouth and decide to leave. I was ready to go when the man stood up and hurriedly leave. I folded my newspaper and stand up. And there on the table, where my newspaper had been was my packet of biscuits.

This happened to me when I was in India. I used to go to my office by train. On this particular evening, I hurried to my station but when I reached there, the train had already gone. I bought a newspaper and packet of biscuits and sat on the bench. While I was reading, a man came and sat down opposite me. There was nothing special about him, except that he was very tall. I was still reading when my eyes caught a very strange sight. The man reached over the table, opened my packet of biscuits, took one, dipped it into his coffee and popped it into his mouth. I couldn’t believe my eyes. But I didn’t want to make a fuss, so I ignored it. I just took a biscuit myself and went back to the newspaper. While I was pretended to be very interested in the news, the man took a second biscuit. After a couple of minutes I casually put a biscuit in my mouth and decided to leave. I was ready to go when the man stood up and hurriedly left. I folded my newspaper and stood up. And there on the table, where my newspaper had been was my packet of biscuits.

Do students need to learn history? Why? Write an essay on ‘The Importance of History’.

The Importance of History

We People live in the present. We plan for the future and worry about it. On the other hand, history is the study of the past. Everything that has been done is “history,” and because historical periods like colonialism, industrialization, and so forth shaped modern civilization, history has a direct impact on us every day.

History is an immutable component that can be consulted for knowledge and insight into how the world came to be at the position it is today and how it will continue to grow in the future. It spans all cultures, eras, seasons, and locations. The functions of history can appear harder to define than those of engineering or medicine in a culture that quite rightly wants education to serve beneficial goals. The results of historical study are less immediate and sometimes less tangible than those that come from some other disciplines, yet they are nevertheless very important and even essential.

History has already been justified for reasons that we no longer accept. No matter how it is studied, history is an essential part of our understanding of the world. It helps us to make sense of the present, and to prepare for the future. It enables us to see the interconnectedness of events and to understand cause and effect. It helps us to appreciate the achievements of past cultures and to learn from their mistakes.

Additionally, history gives a sense of continuity and identity. It aids in our understanding of our origins and identity. It helps us understand our own values and ideas as well as the diversity of civilizations throughout the world. Most importantly, history offers a base upon which later generations can develop. Future generations will inherit it from us, and it is something we all have in common.

We can gain a lot of knowledge from history. We can discover the past’s influence on the present. We can discover more about various cultures and their historical interactions. We can discover more about economics and the historical development of other societies. We can discover more about the natural world and its historical impact on humanity. In summary, history is a wealth of knowledge that can teach us about the world we live in.

Therefore, history is an essential part of our lives. It provides us with a sense of identity and continuity and helps us to understand the world around us. It is an important tool for learning and preparing for the future, which we all share in common.

Unit 15 -People and Lifestyle

Reading – i the diary of a young girl.

Look at each pair of pictures and talk about the differences with your classmates.

Look at the picture and answer the following questions:

What do you think the name of the girl is?

What do you think made her so popular?

I think the name of the girl is Anne Frank.

Her diary where she has expressed her experience made her so popular.

A. The meanings of some of the words/ phrases from Anne Frank’s diary are given below. Find the words from the text and write them.

m……… a period of reflection or thought

s………. rigid, not soft or flexible

b……… to think a lot about something that makes you annoyed, anxious or upset

t………… a crowd of people

r………… to make use of something, especially something bad

c………… to tell somebody secrets and personal information

l………… likely to do something

p………… to get into something

p………… to sit down heavily or carelessly

j………… to write something quickly

Match the words in column A with their synonyms in column B.

Column A Column B

listless i. announcement

adoring ii. serious

decree iii. loving

adorable iv. attractive

anxiety v. lethargic

capitulation vi. worry

solemn vii surrender

listless = lethargic

adoring = loving

decree = announcement

adorable = attractive

anxiety = worry

capitulation = surrender

solemn = serious

Why is writing a diary a strange thing to the writer?

What is the first reason for her to keep the diary?

Why is the writer unhappy despite having a loving family?

Who is Kitty?

Why did Margot and her sister not go to Holland together?

Why didn’t the writer have a birthday celebration in 1940?

Why did the writer’s uncle escape from Germany?

Writing a diary is a strange thing to the writer because she has written nothing before

The first reason for her to keep the diary is that she doesn’t have any friend to to share her feelings and ideas.

The writer is unhappy despite having a loving family because she doesn’t have true friends with when she could spend the time.

Kitty is writer’s imaginative friend.

Margot and her sister did not go to Holland together because they were sent to Aachen to stay with their grandmother.

The writer didn’t have a birthday celebration in 1940 because the war started and Jews suffered due to Hitler’s attack.

The writer’s uncle escaped from Germany to find safe refugee as they were suffering under Hitler’s anti Jews laws.

Write T if the information is true, F if it is false and NG, if the information is not given.

The writer is tired of staying in her house.

The writer wants people to read her diary.

Edith Hollander Frank was a teacher in Holland.

The writer attended school in Germany until she was six.

The family came to Germany because it was difficult to live in Holland.

Jews were prohibited to be on top of their houses during day time.

There were very strict laws in Germany for Jewish people.

The writer is tired of staying in her house. T

The writer wants people to read her diary. F

Edith Hollander Frank was a teacher in Holland. NG

The writer attended school in Germany until she was six. F

The family came to Germany because it was difficult to live in Holland. F

Jews were prohibited to be on top of their houses during day time. NG

There were very strict laws in Germany for Jewish people. NG

How does a diary entry help in understanding someone’s lifestyle? Explain.

Writing a personal diary has many uses.

It helps you to establish a writing routine. By jotting down thoughts everyday, you developing good writing habit and it will improve your writing skills.

It gives you the better perspective about your thoughts. Re-reading your past thoughts will help you realize that daily life changes and with that you also change.

It helps you to share your unsaid thoughts which you not comfortable sharing with others.

It helps you to spend your free time productively.

It helps you to be creative with your thoughts.

Complete the sentences with the present perfect or present perfect continuous forms of these verbs.

watch rain play do

water wait clean

The boys………………computer games for over an hour.

You……………..TV all afternoon.

The road is wet; it………… just …………….. heavily.

“Why are your clothes wet?” ” I ……… just …………. the plants.”

I ……… the flat for two hours.

You look tired. What…….. you………?

I’m sorry I’m late. ……… you …….. long?

The boys have you known computer games for over an hour.

You have you been doing TV all afternoon.

The road is wet; it has just rained heavily.

“Why are your clothes wet?” ” I have just watered the plants.”

I have cleaned the flat for two hours.

You look tired. What have you done?

I’m sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long?

Put the words in brackets into the gaps. Use either present perfect or the present perfect continuous.

How long …………….. (you/know) Gerry?

You look dirty. What ………….. (you/do) all day?

How many times ………………. (Charles/visit) New York till now?

She ……….. (learn) French words for hours, but she still doesn’t remember all of them.

The children ……………. (watch) videos for two hours.

My father ………………. (never/eats) chocolates.

We ………. (not/see) Lisa recently.

He …………. (write) his essay all day but he……….. (not/ finish) yet.

How long have you known Gerry?

You look dirty. What have you been doing all day?

How many times has Charles visited New York till now?

She has been learning French words for hours, but she still doesn’t remember all of them.

The children have been watching videos for two hours.

My father has never eaten chocolates.

We have not seen Lisa recently.

He has been writing his essay all day but he has not finished yet.

Keep a diary for a week. Mention the activities you did during the day. Also express your views and attitudes about a particular incident on each day.

Reading II The Rautes

Look at the pictures below and guess the answers to these questions.

Who are these people?

What do you know about these people?

They are Rautes.

I know about these people from news and papers.

Find the words from the text and fill in the cross word puzzle.

moving often from place to place – nomadic

existing over a large area – widespread

ruled by men – patriarchal

far-reaching – extensive

belonging to a particular place – indigenous

deserving praise – commendable

unusual or surprising – remarkable

noticeable – prominent

Identify whether the following statements are true or false.

The Rautes move from one place to another for their settlements.

Rautes live in the far-western part of Nepal.

One of the means of their survival is woodcraft.

The maintenance of the nomadic culture is highly regarded.

The Raute community is female-dominated.

The Rautes move from one place to another for their settlements. True

Rautes live in the far-western part of Nepal. False

One of the means of their survival is woodcraft. True

The maintenance of the nomadic culture is highly regarded. True

The Raute community is female-dominated. False

What is the common belief about the history of the Rautes?

How do Rautes earn their living?

How do Raute children spend their days?

Why do the Rautes have good knowledge of the forest and its ecosystem?

Is the task division between male and female Rautes fair? Why?

What is special about the hunting skills of the Rautes?

Name the festivals that the Rautes celebrate.

What should modern people learn from the Rautes?

The common belief about the history of the Rautes is that they are the last fulltime nomads of Nepal and have survived into this century.
Rautes earn their living by crafting of wooden products and hunting monkeys.
Raute children spend their days by playing with natural objects and roaming around the settlement.
The Rautes have good knowledge of the forest and its ecosystem since it is a part of their job to search for medicinal herbs, firewood and vegetables in the jungle.
Yes, it is because the members are given tasks according to their ability and all of them are involved in some kind of work.
Around 8-30 young and middle aged Raute members go hunting in a group with their nets without guns or bows and arrows for hunting that is special about the hunting skills of the Rautes.
The festivals that the Rautes celebrate are Saune Sankranti, Dashain, Tihar, Chaite Dashain and Maghe Sankranti.
Modern people should learn to preserve their traditions, manage family and role of members, develop and use skills from the Rautes.
How do cultures and traditions affect people’s lifestyles? Discuss.

Culture is made-up of all of the things that happen in our life. Culture is defined by everything that goes on around the world including religion, language, cuisine, arts, music, literature, and more. Many things are affected by culture and traditions.

Growing up in a different culture and traditions inevitably has an impact on our way of life, most especially on our eating and life style. For instance, if you were raised in a Mediterranean culture, your diet would likely include of full grains, wholesome Latino meats, and seasonal veggies that are all good for your health. Because their cuisines are high in carbs and rich red meats, several other cultures, especially some in Europe, can have a negative impact on your health. Enjoy your culture and the unique cuisine it offers, but consider how you may change your dietary customs to promote heart health.

In some African tribes, for example, waking up and worrying about things like diseases (HIV, AIDS, malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, etc.), getting clean water, or for that matter getting any water at all, getting food that is clean, being healthy, etc., is a daily occurrence. This is why culture has to do with stress. Whereas in America, stress is typically caused by very different things like school bullying, tests and quizzes, finding employment, making enough money to pay for a house and maintain a family, and many other things that in Africa seem like a simple way of life. Stress is greatly influenced by culture.

Study the following conversation.

Binita : Have you travelled a lot, Samir?

Samir : Yes, I’ve been to lots of places.

Binita : Really? Have you ever been to Sri Lanka?

Samir : Yes, I’ve been to Sri Lanka once.

Binita : What about China?

Samir : No, I haven’t been to China.

Rewrite the following sentences with since or for. Use the clues in the brackets.

Example : I know Samim. (I came to this school)

I have known Samim since I came to this school.

Pawan lives in Tanahun. (he was born)

Subin is unemployed. (last January)

Subash has a fever. (the last few days)

I want to go to Lumbini. (I was in grade five)

My brother is studying engineering. (three years)

I am working in Bhanu Municipality. (last year)

My cousin is in the army. (he was eighteen)

They are waiting for the bus. (half an hour)

Krish is doing his homework. (two hours)

Pramila is going to dance classes. (a month)

Pawan has been living in Tanahun since he was born.
Subin has been unemployed since last January.
Subash has had a fever for the last few days.
I have wanted to go to Lumbini since I was in grade five.
My brother has been studying engineering for three years.
I have been working in Bhanu Municipality since last year.
My cousin has been in the army since he was eighteen.
They have been waiting for the bus for half an hour.
Krish has been doing his homework for two hours.
Pramila has been going to dance classes for a month.

Write an essay on the effects junk foods have on children. Use the clues given below.

Introduction to junk food causes: advertising, lack of education, etc.

Negative / harmful effects of junk food on health (headache, heart attacks, dental problems, high blood pressure, obesity, high cholesterol, etc.) Effects on the economy (more expenditure / extra burden to family, etc.) Effects on other factors like socialisation, poor academic achievement, etc.

Junk food is not a healthy food to the health which every kid and children must know because they generally love to eat junk food. Every child and child should realize that junk food is not a nutritious food for the health because they typically enjoy to eat junk food. The children are not well educated as well as they have seen attractive advertisement, they take junk food. In order to educate school kids about junk food, essays about it are frequently assigned during essay-writing contests. Here, we’ve provided a few straightforward essays on junk food from which you can select depending on the word count you require.

Good health is the necessity of living a healthy life for every one of us which needs to maintain a healthy diet and healthy habits throughout the life. However, the custom of eating junk food in many is increasing day by day and making our future sad and diseased especially our future generations. Parents should be very conscious towards the eating habits of their kids and children because in the childhood they never know and decide their good or bad so it is parents who are fully responsible for the good or bad eating habits among their kids. They should train their kids about eating habits from childhood and make them clear about the differences between healthy and junk foods.

It has an impact on everyone’s health, regardless of age, weight, or medical condition. Even though junk food is thought to be high in calories, those who eat it often feel hungry and need more food. Junk food doesn’t provide you the right amount of energy, so you start to crave food more frequently.

Project work

Conduct a brief survey of one of the ethnic communities of your locality. Based on your study, prepare a short report about it including the following aspects.

Introduction – population and history – settlement areas – lifestyle – culture and festivals, etc.

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My School Paragraph in English [100, 150, 200, 250 Words]

My School Paragraph in English: A school is a place where we are educated. In this article, you are going to learn how to write a paragraph or an essay on my school in English. Here, We’ve provided 4 paragraphs on this topic (100, 150, 200, and 250 Words). These paragraphs will be helpful for the students from class 1 to class 12. So, let’s begin.

Table of Contents

My School Paragraph: 100 Words

The name of my school is Bidya Bhaban High School. There is a garden in front of my school. There is a playground just before it. It is an open space for games and sports and a lot of fun. We play on the playground when we get time for that.

There are twenty-two classrooms, a library, a laboratory, a teachers’ room and the Headmaster’s room in the school. Our respected Headmaster is Debashish Ganguly. There are about nine hundred Students and about thirty-five teachers in our school. The teachers are very good and loving. I am very proud of our school.

Paragraph on My School: 150 Words

The name of my school is Saltlake Shiksha Niketan. It’s not very far from my house. It is situated in Kolkata, near the railway station of Bidhannagar. I have been reading there since my childhood. Nearly eight hundred students read here. The number of teachers at present is thirty. The school building is quite commodious with twenty rooms in two floors. The number of students in each class is between forty to fifty.

The school has a newly built multipurpose auditorium with a seating capacity of 500. The auditorium is well-equipped for activities like school events for students and parents, drama, theatre and indoor sports such as Badminton. The school has a good system of sanitation. Special arrangements are retained for drinking water. The students have other facilities also. There is a good library, a common room and an open playground in the school. Sports and games are regularly held here.

Word Meanings:

Commodious – spacious and roomy
Well-equipped – having sufficient equipment
Sanitation – keeping places clean and healthy

My School Paragraph: 200 Words

I study in Adarsh Public School. It is a big school. It is not far from my home. The building has three floors. The principal’s office, the staffroom and the clerks’ office are on the ground floor. There is a big assembly hall, too. There are 10 classrooms on each floor. All the classrooms are big and airy. There is a well-equipped laboratory too. My school has a big library. There are many storybooks, magazines and newspapers in the library.

My school has a big playground. It is always Clean. There are many trees around the ground. There are one thousand students and sixty teachers in my school. All the teachers are well-qualified and experienced. They teach us very well. Mr. Sharma is our principal. He is very strict. He wants us to be disciplined and punctual. There are five clerks, four peons, a lab assistant and a lab attendant in our school.

The peons keep the school neat and clean. The sanitation of our school is quite satisfactory. We have a sufficient supply of fresh water. The school arranges cultural activities like sports, drawing, songs, dramas, debates, dances, etc. every year. I love my school very much.

My School Essay in English: 250 Words

My school Calcutta Public School is a famous school in Kolkata. It is situated in a calm and quiet area of the town. The surroundings are also beautiful with Sal and eucalyptus trees all around. The school building is a pucca two-storeyed building with spacious lawns on all sides. It has many rooms and a well-equipped laboratory for science classes. All the classrooms are big and tidy having big and wide windows for good ventilation. It has also a big library with a huge collection of books.

The student strength of the school is 1000 and the number of teachers is 40. The principal is an M. S.C, Ph.D. with a good academic career. He is comparatively young, full of idealism and real love for the profession. He is a strict disciplinarian, but sweet-tempered and kind-hearted. Most of the teachers are trained hands. They take great care of our studies. Extracurricular activities like games and sports, physical exercise, debating, music and drama are also arranged by the school.

There is a huge playground in front of the main building of the school. We play there in the tiffin break. The entire school campus and each and every classroom is equipped with CCTV surveillance to ensure the safety and well-being of the students. The academic record of the school is also very good. This year in the class 10 board exam, out of 60 students, 45 students got letter marks and the rest passed with first division. I am very proud of my school.

Idealism – believing in or pursuing some perfect vision or belief
Disciplinarian – a person who believes in firm discipline

More Important Paragraphs: 1. Paragraph on Discipline in English 2. Paragraph on Early Rising 3. Paragraph on My Village

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17 thoughts on “my school paragraph in english [100, 150, 200, 250 words]”.

I really enjoyed reading your blog post. It was very informative and I learned a lot. I especially liked the way you described your school. It was very detailed and I could really picture it in my head.

GOOD PARAGRAPH

Thanks ANKIT

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Good 👍 paragraphs

These paragraphs are very informative , interesting and helpful to everyone school students.

Very good essay I like this

Thank You. keep visiting our website

This is a best essay.

fine. I meant it

Thank you teacher

You are welcome

Ajvm school panchla

Essay on My School Playground For Children & Students

This essay talks about our School Playground, its description, Purpose of its use, how it is the best playground to play every game etc. This essay is written in simple English and is very helpful for children and students.

Essay on Playground For Students

A playground is a special place for children to play. It is a place where they can be active and have fun. playgrounds are usually located in parks, schools, or other public areas. Playgrounds usually have a variety of equipment such as slides, swings, and monkey bars. This equipment is designed to help children develop their physical skills.

>>>>> Read Also: ” Essay On Amusement Park “

My School Playground

Our school playground is the best playground in our locality. It is well maintained by the school authorities and it is very clean too. It is well equipped with all the facilities that are required for a good playground. The equipment include a see-saw, a swing, a slide, a jungle gym and many more. We also have a sandpit where we can play games like volleyball, badminton and cricket.

The playground is very spacious and it is surrounded by a fence so that we can play without any fear. We also have a big garden in our school where we can sit and relax during the breaks. The playground is very well lit and there are no sharp objects lying around. It is the best place to play and have fun.

School playground is used for other purposes as well. We organize seminars and workshops in the playground. We also have our annual sports day in the playground. The ground is also used for scout and guide camping

We enjoy our recess and lunch breaks in the playground. We also have many competitions in the playground like races, lemon-spoon race, three-legged race, etc. We also have a mini marathon every year which is conducted by the school authorities. The playground is the best place to play and have fun. It is the best place to stay active and healthy.

Essay on Why Playground is Important in School:

Playgrounds have been a staple in schools for decades, providing children with a space to run, play and be active. However, with the rise of technology and an increasing focus on academics, playgrounds are often overlooked and considered less important than other aspects of school life. In this essay, we will explore why playgrounds are crucial in the development of children and why they should remain an integral part of schools.

First and foremost, playgrounds provide children with a much-needed break from the structured and often sedentary nature of classroom learning. Recess time allows students to release pent-up energy, socialize with their peers, and engage in physical activities that promote gross motor skills development. This is crucial for their overall well-being as studies have shown that regular physical activity can improve mental health and academic performance. By providing children with a designated space to play, schools are not only promoting healthy habits but also allowing students to recharge their minds and bodies for the next lesson.

In addition to physical benefits, playgrounds also play a significant role in social development. Through unstructured play, children learn how to interact with each other, negotiate, and solve conflicts. This is especially important in today’s digital age, where children are often more comfortable communicating through screens rather than face-to-face interactions. On the playground, they learn valuable skills such as empathy, teamwork, and leadership that are essential for their personal growth. Moreover, playgrounds also offer opportunities for students of different ages to interact and learn from each other, fostering a sense of community and inclusivity within the school.

Playgrounds also serve as a natural learning environment for children. Whether it’s through imaginative play or organized games, children use their creativity and problem-solving skills to navigate and make sense of the world around them. They learn about cause and effect, spatial awareness, and develop critical thinking abilities.

Furthermore, playgrounds can also be used for outdoor lessons, where students can apply what they have learned in the classroom to real-life situations. This not only reinforces academic concepts but also allows for a more hands-on and engaging learning experience.

Lastly, playgrounds provide a sense of joy and happiness for children. Play is essential for their emotional well-being, allowing them to express themselves freely and explore their interests and passions.

It is a crucial outlet for stress relief, which can be especially beneficial for children who may be dealing with difficult personal or academic challenges. By providing a safe and fun environment to play in, schools are promoting a positive school culture and enhancing the overall student experience.

In conclusion, playgrounds are an essential part of schools and should not be overlooked or undervalued. They offer numerous physical, social, academic, and emotional benefits that contribute to the holistic development of children. As educators and parents, it is our responsibility to recognize the importance of play and ensure that playgrounds remain a fundamental aspect of school life for generations to come.

Short Essay on My School Playground For Class 1-2-3 Students:

Playgrounds are a place where children can have fun, learn new things, and make friends. I am fortunate to study in a school that has a big playground for us to play and enjoy ourselves.

My school playground is my favorite place in the entire school. It is located right behind my school building and covers a large area. The ground is covered with lush green grass, and there are many trees planted all around. The playground also has a huge sandpit where we build sandcastles and play games.

My friends and I spend most of our recess time on the playground. We love to play various outdoor games like football, basketball, badminton, and cricket. Our school even holds annual sports competitions in which we participate and showcase our skills.

Apart from playing sports, the playground is also a place where we learn important lessons in life. We learn to work as a team, overcome challenges, and respect rules while playing games on the playground. Furthermore, it is a great way for us to stay active and healthy.

The school authorities ensure that the playground is well-maintained and safe for us to play. They have also installed various play equipment like slides, swings, see-saws, and monkey bars which we love to use during our free time.

>>>>> Read Also: ” Essay On Cartoons “

In conclusion, my school playground is not just a place for recreation but also a place where I have made unforgettable memories with my friends. I am grateful to have such a fantastic playground in my school, and I will always cherish the time spent there. So, for all children out there, make sure to take advantage of your school playground and have a great time! Keep playing, keep learning! Happy Playing!

Promotes physical activity and exercise.
Enhances social and emotional development.
Fosters teamwork and cooperation.
Provides a break from academic studies.
Encourages creativity and imagination.
Four Square
Monkey bars
Soccer field

English NCERT Solutions Class 9

NCERT solutions for class 9 English Solved by Expert teachers. In this page you can get solutions for class 9 English Literature Reader, Beehive, Moments, Main Course Book, Workbook and Class 9 English Grammar as per NCERT (CBSE) guidelines. You can also read Chapterwise important Questions for class 9 English https://www.learncbse.in/important-questions-cbse-class-9-english/

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Literature Reader

Class 9 English Fiction

Chapter 1 How I Taught My Grandmother to Read
Chapter 2 A Dog Named Duke
Chapter 3 The Man Who Knew Too Much
Chapter 4 Keeping It From Harold
Chapter 5 Best Seller

Class 9 English Poetry

Chapter 6 The Brook
Chapter 7 The Road Not Taken
Chapter 8 The Solitary Reaper
Chapter 9 Lord Ullin’s Daughter
Chapter 10 The Seven Ages
Chapter 11 Oh, I Wish I’d Looked After Me Teeth
Chapter 12 Song of the Rain

Class 9 English Drama

Chapter 13 Villa for Sale
Chapter 14 The Bishop’s Candlesticks

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive

Class 9 English Beehive (Prose)

Chapter 1 The Fun They Had
Chapter 2 The Sound of Music
Chapter 3 The Little Girl
Chapter 4 A Truly Beautiful Mind
Chapter 5 The Snake and The Mirror
Chapter 6 My Childhood
Chapter 7 Packing
Chapter 8 Reach for the Top
Chapter 9 The Bond of Love
Chapter 10 Kathmandu
Chapter 11 If I Were You

Class 9 English Beehive (Poem)

Chapter 1 The Road Not Taken [Poem]
Chapter 2 Wind [Poem]
Chapter 3 Rain On The Roof [Poem]
Chapter 4 The Lake Isle Of Innisfree [Poem]
Chapter 5 A Legend Of The Northland [Poem]
Chapter 6 No Men Are Foreign [Poem]
Chapter 7 The Duck and the Kangaroo [Poem]
Chapter 8 On Killing A Tree [Poem]
Chapter 9 The Snake Trying [Poem]
Chapter 10 A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal [Poem]
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Moments

Class 9 English Supplementary Reader Moments

Chapter 1 The Lost Child
Chapter 2 The Adventure Of Toto
Chapter 3 Iswaran The Storyteller
Chapter 4 In The Kingdom Of Fools
Chapter 5 The Happy Prince
Chapter 6 Weathering The Storm In Ersama
Chapter 7 The Last Leaf
Chapter 8 A House Is Not A Home
Chapter 9 The Accidental Tourist
Chapter 10 The Beggar

Class 9 English Extended Reading Texts / Novels

1. Gulliver’s Travels (Part I to IV)

Summary of the Novel
Part I – A Voyage to Lilliput
Part II – A Voyage to Brobdingnag
Part III – A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib and Japan
Part IV – A Voyage to the Country of Houyhnhnms
Chapter-wise Summary
Text – Based Important Questions Solved

2. Three Men in a Boat (Chapters 1 to 19)

Introduction

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book

CBSE Class 9 English Main Course Book Solutions and Answers

Unit 1 People

Chapter 1 An Exemplary Leader
Chapter 2 A Burglary Attempt
Chapter 3 Can You Know People You Haven’t Met

Unit 2 Adventure

Chapter 1 The Final Flight
Chapter 2 The Sound of the Shell
Chapter 3 Ordeal in the Ocean

Unit 3 Environment

Chapter 1 The Indian Rhinoceros
Chapter 2 Save Mother Earth
Chapter 3 Save the Tiger

Unit 4 The Class IX Radio and Video Show

Chapter 1 Radio Show

Unit 5 Mystery

Chapter 1 Bermuda Triangle
Chapter 2 The Invisible Man
Chapter 3 The Tragedy of Birlstone
Chapter 4 Harry Potter

Unit 6 Children

Chapter 1 Tom Sawyer
Chapter 2 Children of India
Chapter 3 Children and Computers
Chapter 4 Life Skills
Chapter 5 We are the World

Unit 7 Sports and Games

Chapter 1 Grandmaster Koneru Humpy Queen of 64 Squares
Chapter 2 Its Sports Day
Chapter 3 Hockey and Football

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Workbook

CBSE Class 9 English Workbook Solutions and Answers

Unit 1 Verb Forms
Integrated Grammar Practice 1
Unit 2 Determiners
Integrated Grammar Practice 2
Unit 3 Future Time Reference
Integrated Grammar Practice 3
Unit 4 Modals
Unit 5 Connectors
Integrated Grammar Practice 4
Unit 6 The Passive
Integrated Grammar Practice 5
Unit 7 Reported Speech
Integrated Grammar Practice 6
Unit 8 Prepositions
Integrated Grammar Practice 7

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Writing

Composition-I

Diary Entry

Composition-II

Story Writing

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Grammar

A. Resource Material

Active and Passive Voice
Subject-Verb Concord
Direct and Indirect Speech
Determiners
Prepositions

B. Integrated Grammar

Gap Filling
Editing Task
Sentence Reordering & Sentence Transformation
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course

Free Resources

NCERT Solutions

Quick Resources

[Updated] CBSE Class 9 English Sample Paper 2024-25 Session in PDF

Hello Students In this article, we have discussed the English Sample Paper for Class 9. Sample Paper is most beneficial, especially for the preparation for school exams. Classes 6 to 12 students need to have a great practice of all the concepts and one of the best ways to achieve the same is through Sample Papers. In this article, you can get the CBSE Class 9 English Sample Paper in PDF format which is free.

Below, we have mentioned the complete Class 9 English Summary. Students are advised to check out the complete summary.


	9th
	CBSE
	English
	Sample Paper

CBSE Class 9 English Sample Paper

Below we have mentioned the English Sample Paper for Class 9. Students have checked the complete Class 9 English Sample Paper in PDF for a great score in the final examination.

Example of Sample Paper

NOTE : The links are given below for downloading the Class 11 English Sample Paper in PDF format.


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The Fun They Had Summary & Notes - CBSE Class 9 English Beehive

Summary of the fun they had.

Chapter 1 of the Class 9 English textbook ‘Beehive’ consists of a prose piece – The Fun They Had. It is a story about how computers will play a significant role in the future. Traditional schools would be replaced by virtual classrooms, and a mechanical teacher would teach a student instead of a human class teacher. Will the students in the future enjoy virtual classes? That is something to think about. Read the prose summary in CBSE English Notes Class 9 format to know more.

Students can also know how to write an effective essay during the exam by going through the Essay page at BYJU’S to increase marks in Class 9 English papers.

CBSE Class 9 English The Fun They Had Summary

The Fun They Had was written by Isaac Asimov. The story is set in the future when books and schools are conducted digitally through virtual classrooms. These classes are taken by a mechanical teacher (robot) instead of a human class teacher. The story starts with two children named Margie and Tommy. They live in a world where computers dominate each and every sphere of life, and children attend virtual classes. With the onset of virtual schools, the concept of books and classrooms has transformed considerably from the olden days.

On 17th May 2157, Margie wrote in her diary about how Tommy found a real book. It was an old book that consisted of stories. Margie’s grandfather once told her that his grandfather informed him that all the stories used to be printed on paper in those days. Both Margie and Tommy started turning the yellow and crumpled pages of the book to discover more about those days. They found it hilarious to read the book as the words stood fixed in one place instead of moving, contract to what they had seen on a computer screen. From this, it is clear that in the future, there will be telebooks only and that no hard copies of books will be available to read. Tommy exclaims that it is an utter waste to read a book and throw it away once completed. He feels that their television screen has a million books on it and could store plenty more without throwing it away.

Soon, they start reading about a school during ancient times when human beings were teachers. Although Margie hated the concept of schools, she was surprised to know actual people taught at school. This is because she has only seen robots teaching at her school. Moreover, she was not so fond of the school that was next to her bedroom as she did not have any classmates, and the mechanical teacher always gave her loads of homework to do.

Both Margie and Tommy study in a virtual classroom that includes electronic gadgets, robots, etc. Their daily lesson appears on a computer screen. It teaches them different subjects like maths, science, etc. Once, Margie’s mother called the County Inspector to fix the mechanical device on which Margie attends her virtual classes. He put the big black screen together again. However, the little girl was disappointed about the device getting fixed so soon. She knew she would again need to feed homework and test papers into it through a punch code.

Further, as both the children continue reading the book, Margie’s mother calls her to attend her classes. While Margie attends her school, the mechanical teacher teaches about fractions, but Margie’s mind starts wondering about the fun her grandparents would have had while visiting a school in the olden days. Those days, a school used to be a special building and all the kids of the same age studied together. She imagines how the kids from different areas in the neighbourhood would come together and attend school merrily. Margie gets fascinated by the fun the children had centuries ago when they went to a real school.

Conclusion of The Fun They Had

In the chapter, The Fun They Had, illustrates how emerging technology is slowly taking precedence over various things around us. In the near future, it wouldn’t be surprising to see if human teachers are replaced by mechanical devices or robots. Here’s a modest attempt from our end to help students understand the chapter from this CBSE Class 9 English Beehive Prose Summary of The Fun They Had . BYJU’S offers several other resources such as CBSE Notes and CBSE study material , and students can access several question papers and CBSE sample papers too. For more interactive content, they can also download BYJU’S: The Learning App.

Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 9 English: The Fun They Had

What is a robot.

A robot is any automatically operated machine that replaces human effort. It may not resemble human beings in appearance or perform functions in a humanlike manner.

What are the disadvantages of emerging technology?

1. increased dependency on technology 2. Social Isolation 3. Job loss 4. Procrastination 5. Memory loss

What are mechanical devices?

A mechanical device has parts that move when it is working, often using power from an engine or from electricity.

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My School Essay in English (100, 200, 300, 500 words)

Table of Contents

My School Essay 100 Words

My school is a place where I get educated; learn new subjects under the guidance of trained and skilled teachers. I study at a school that is near my home. It is one of the best schools in my entire town. The management of my school believes that it isn’t only academic excellence that we should be after, but also the overall personality development and evolving into a good and useful human being.

The school has two playgrounds – one is a tennis court and the other one is a cricket ground. We also have a nice swimming pool and a canteen. It also has a beautiful garden where students relax and play during recess. Even in games, sports and tournaments, it has made much progress. My school has won many trophies, shields, and medals in many extra-curricular activities. In debates also, the students of my school secure good positions. It is considered to be one of the best schools in my locality.

My School Essay 200 Words

The school is called the educational institution which is designed to provide learning spaces and create an environment for the children where the teaching of the students is under the direction and guidance of the teachers.

My School is one of the best educational institutions where I get an education and make progress towards the goals of my life and make me capable of achieving them. Besides education, there are several significant roles that my school plays in my life. My school is performing well in all fields. It develops my physical and mental stamina, instills confidence, and

gives me tremendous opportunities to prove my skills and talents in different fields. In the academic field, it has made a mark. Its students secure top positions in the board examinations.

I go to school with my other friends. We study in our school in a great friendly environment. We reach school at a fixed time. As soon as we reach we line up to attend the assembly. Attending the school assembly is a wonderful experience. I enjoy for being first in a row in a school assembly. As soon as the assembly ends we rush to our respective classrooms. We take part in all school activities. One of my school fellows is the best singer and dancer. She has recently won the best singer award at the annual arts festival. Our school organizes all-important national events like Independence Day, teachers’ day, father’s day, etc. My school also gives every student abundant opportunities to take part in extracurricular activities like sports and music.

All of us are proud of being a part of it. I am fortunate enough to be a student at this school. I love and am proud of my school.

My School Essay 300 Words

An institution where higher education is taught is commonly called a school, University College, or University. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is sometimes compulsory. In these systems, Students progress through a series of schools. The names for these schools vary by country but generally include primary school for young children and secondary school for teenagers who have completed primary education.

My school is a place where I not only get educated but also get trained in other necessary competitive skills like sports, music, and dance. I am proud of my school because it provides us with all the basic facilities like a big playground, a central library, a big auditorium hall, a science lab, and a good computer lab. That is why my school is rated as one of the best schools in my entire area. My school has produced many great people in my country. It has a big and beautiful building that looks shiny from far away. I reach my target at a fixed time. I came to school with other friends of mine. We happily enter the schools with great confidence. We take part in a school assembly and then we move into our classrooms.

This all is done by a very efficient and well-trained teaching staff of my school. The best schools are those that make the students the best and the best school is made by the best teachers. We study under the guidance of the best teachers. My school has a dedicated teacher for all the subjects as well as extracurricular activities like music and sports. I consider my school as the best school because it supports and encourages every student to do their best and make progress. Fortunately, my school provides the best environment, the best teachers, and the best facilities.

Our Class teacher greets us daily and asks about us. He is quite a cool and kind man. He entertains us along with teaching his subject. We learn a lot of things like discipline, self-help, confidence, and cooperation here. As I enter my classroom I feel quite happy and relaxed.

My School Essay 500 Words

The place where children as the leaders of tomorrow study and where the future of the nation is shaped are called schools. Education is an essential weapon for tomorrow, so the good schools of today are important for the best future of a nation. Schools are the center of learning where we attend classes on various subjects, interact with the teachers, get our queries

answered, and appeared in exams. In my school, learning is more like a fun activity, because of the extra-talented teaching staff.

My school is a government primary school located on the outskirts of the city. Usually, when people think about a government school, they perceive it to be at an isolated location and have poor basic amenities and teaching facilities. But, despite being a government school, my school defies all such speculations. Teachers of my school are not only knowledgeable about the subjects they teach but also are skilled enough to teach through fun activities. For example, our physics teacher explains every concept by stating real-life examples that we could relate to. This way we not only understand the subject better. Moreover, not a moment I remember, when any teacher had ever replied rudely to any of the students. They always patiently listen and provide answers to all the queries posed to them. Learning at my school is fun and it is made possible only because of the teachers.

My school is very important in my life, in a way even more than my family. My family gives me love, care, and affection, and provides for all my other essential needs. But, all of this isn’t enough to make me a good human being and succeed in life. Favorably, I am lucky enough to be enrolled in a prestigious school, and gaining a wonderful education, looking forward to realizing my dreams one day. The most necessary for success in life is education, and only my school provides it to me. Without my school and the education that it gives, I would be like a confused and wandering soul, almost aimless in life.

My school helps with my educational and overall personality development. It imparts education through classes, tests, and exams to teach me how to conduct myself confidently. It just feels so great to be in my school and be a part of everyday activities, be it lectures, sports, or Something else. While in school, I always feel happy, confident, enthusiastic, and loved. I make friends at school, those whom I will never forget and will always love them. My family supports my materialistic needs, but school is the place where my actual physical, social, and mental development takes place. I know that every question that crosses my mind will be answered by my teachers. I also know that my school friends will always be at my side whenever I need them to be. As much as the studies, my school also stresses much on These activities as the management thinks that extracurricular activities are very essential for our overall personality development. My school provides dedicated teachers and staff for each extracurricular activity. We have a big sports ground with kits for all the major sports; a covered auditorium for dance and music and a separate basketball court.

The role my school plays in my personality development is fantastic. It not only imparts education in me but also teaches me how to conduct myself and how to behave decently and properly. I get trained in all the other necessary skills of life, like how to keep calm in challenging situations and help others as well. My school teaches me to be a good and evolved human being, to stay composed and progressive always. It also teaches me to be kind and generous to others and not differentiate them based on their caste, religion, ethnicity, or other divisions. These are some of the most essential personality traits that my school imparts to me, something that I will always be thankful for. Every time I think of my school, I think of it as a temple of education. A temple, where my soul meets education, making my life more meaningful and useful to society and the nation as well. It is a place where my aspirations get a wing and I get the strength and confidence to realize them. No other place in the entire world could replace my school and the role that it plays in my life. I will always be thankful to my friends, teachers, and the staff of my school, for making it such a comfortable and Educational place of learning.

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The Fun They Had Extra Questions and Answers Class 9 English

The Fun They Had class 9 English beehive chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers are available here. All these questions are divided into short type questions answers, long type question answers and extract based questions. These Class 9 extra questions are prepared by our expert teachers. Learning these questions will help you to score excellent marks in the board exams.

Extra Questions for Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 1 The Fun They Had

Very short answer questions.

1. On what date did Margie make an entry in her diary about the real book? Answer: She did so on 17 May 2157.

2. What did Tommy find? Answer: He found a real book.

3. How old was Margie? Answer: She was eleven years old.

4. How old was Tommy? Answer: He was thirteen years old.

5. What was the real book, that Tommy found, about? Answer: It was about ‘School’.

6. What did Margie hate? Answer: She hated school.

7. What had the mechanical teacher been giving to Margie? Answer: The mechanical teacher had been giving test after test to Margie in geography.

8. Why did Margie’s mother send for the County Inspector? Answer: She sent for the County Inspector because Margie had been doing worse and worse in her geography tests.

9. Why did Margie hate slot most? Answer: Margie hated slot most because she had to put homework and test papers in it.

10. What was wrong with the geography sector of Margie’s mechanical teacher? Answer: The geography sector of Margie’s mechanical teacher was geared a little too quick.

11. What do you mean by a regular teacher? Answer: It means the mechanical teacher that appears on the television screen at the fixed time.

12. What is the name of Margie’s mother? Answer: Her name is Mrs Jones.

13. On which two days there came no mechanical teacher on the TN. screen? Answer: On Saturday and Sunday.

14. What subject did Tommy learn? Answer: He learnt history.

15. Name the writer of the lesson ‘The Fun They Had’. Answer: Isaac Asimov.

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Who are Tommy and Margie? How old are they?

Answer: Tommy and Margie are students from the year 2157. They are neighbours and spend time together like children of their age usually do. Tommy is a thirteen-year-old boy and Margie is an eleven-year-old girl.

2. What did Margie write in her diary?

Answer: On 17 May 2157 Margie recorded in her diary the discovery of a real book by Tommy. It was a very old paper book with yellow and crinkly pages.

3. Where did Tommy find the book and in what condition? Or Describe the book that Tommy had found in the attic.

Answer: Tommy found a real book in the attic of his house. The pages had turned yellow and crinkly because it was at least two hundred years old. Moreover, it was all covered with dust as it had been lying in the attic for ages.

4. Had Margie ever seen a book before?

Answer: No, Margie had never seen a book before till she saw the one that Tommy had found in the attic of his house. She had only heard about books from her grandfather who himself had not seen any. He too had heard about a printed book from his own grandfather.

5. Did Margie like the printed book? Why/Why not?

Answer: Margie was so excited to know that Tommy had found a ‘real’ book which was unlike the on-screen books the two were used to reading, that she recorded the discovery in her diary. As she turned the yellow and crinkly pages of the book with Tommy, she found it awfully funny to read it. While Tommy found it a waste, Margie was fascinated by it and liked it.

6. What things about the book did Margie find strange?

Answer: Margie lived in an era of mechanical education with telebooks stored in a machine. So she found it strange that the words in the printed book remained fixed unlike the moving ones on her television screen.

7. “What a waste!” What is Tommy referring to as a ‘waste’? Is it really a waste?

Answer: Tommy thinks that the paper books with words printed and fixed on them are a waste. Once a book is read, it becomes useless and must be thrown away because it has the same content. Actually, printed books are not a waste. They can be read by many people over and over again and should be preserved for future generations.

8. What do you think a telebook is?

Answer: A telebook is a compact book in an electronic form. It is stored in a computer and can be read by scrolling its pages up, down or sideways on a screen.

9. How does Tommy find the telebooks of his own time to be better?

Answer: Tommy felt that his telebooks were better than the printed books of the ancient times because they could be stored on television and read again and again. They occupied very little space as compared to the printed books and need not be discarded once they had been read.

10. Where was Margie’s school? Did she have any classmates?

Answer: Margie’s school was inside the comfort of her house. It was just next to her bedroom. It was a customized school, set up exclusively for her according to her level and needs. No, she did not have any classmates.

11. Why had Margie started hating her school?

Answer: Margie never liked school. But recently her hatred had increased because of her poor performance in geography tests. Her mechanical teacher gave her one test after another and her performance went on becoming worse and worse.

12. Which part of her school did Margie hate the most? Or What did Margie hate the most about her school?

Answer: The part that Margie hated most was the slot where she had to put homework and test papers. She always had to write them in a punch code that she was made to learn at the tender age of six. Besides, the mechanical teacher calculated her marks in no time which left no scope for Margie to relax after submitting the assigned tasks.

13. What subjects did Tommy and Margie learn?

Answer: Tommy and Margie learned a lot of subjects like History, Geography, and Mathematics.

14. What kind of teachers did Margie and Tommy have?

Answer: Margie and Tommy had mechanical teachers. They were not real persons but televisions which had different subject sectors. These teachers were customized to the level of a student. In case of malfunction, they were disbanded and repaired.

15. Why did Margie’s mother send for the County Inspector? Or Why did Margie’s mother shook her head one day and send for the County Inspector?

Answer: Margie’s mother sent for the County Inspector because Margie had been performing poorly in Geography. The repeated fall in her daughter’s performance disappointed her. So, she decided to call a specialist, the County Inspector, who could locate the problem and correct it.

16. What views did Margie’s mother have about teachers and learning?

Answer: Margie’s mother was very particular about her child’s education and made sure that Margie attended her tele-school regularly and studied properly and punctually. She believed that a tele-teacher had to be adjusted to the mind of each student and that each student had to be taught differently. Whenever she noticed a snag in Margie’s tele-teacher, she sent for the County Inspector to get the snag removed so that Margie did not miss Out of her school and learning.

17. What was the County Inspector trained to do?

Answer: The County Inspector worked as a technical expert. He was trained to identify and rectify errors in the functioning of the system installed in the mechanical teachers.

18. What idea do you form of the County Inspector as a person?

Answer: The County Inspector was certainly a kind-hearted man. Instead of finding fault with Margie, he gave her an apple and told her mother that if Margie was not performing well, it was not her fault, but the fault of the mechanical teacher. He aligned the speed of the geography sector keeping in mind the level of the girl. Before leaving, he patted Margie on the head and expressed satisfaction at her performance.

19. Why was Margie doing badly in geography? What did the County Inspector do to help her?

Answer: Margie was doing badly because the speed of the geography sector had been fixed too fast for her level. The County Inspector slowed down the speed to suit the level of an average ten-year-old. As Margie was of eleven years, she was comfortable with the new level set by the County Inspector.

20. “Margie was disappointed,” says the author. Why was she disappointed? Or How did the County Inspector disappoint Margie?

Answer: Margie was disappointed because she hated school and hoped that her mechanical teacher would be taken away for repairs as Tommy’s teacher was once taken away for a month. But when the County Inspector promptly repaired and reset it at her home itself, she was unhappy.

21. What had once happened to Tommy’s teacher?

Answer: Once, Tommy’s mechanical teacher had developed a fault and its history sector had blanked out absolutely. The teacher had to be taken away for repairs and it had taken a month to put it in order.

22. Did Margie have regular days and hours for school? If so, why?

Answer: Yes, Margie had regular days and hours for school. She studied from Monday to Friday at the same time every day. Although her school was a large black television screen installed in her own house, she had to attend it regularly. Her mother thought that young girls learnt things better if they studied them at regular hours.

23. How does Tommy describe the old kind of school?

Answer: Tommy describes the old school as a special building where all the children went to study together. The students of the same age-group learnt the same things which were taught by human teachers.

24. How does Tommy describe the old kind of teachers?

Answer: Tommy tells Margie that the teachers in olden times were not mechanical but real men. They taught various things to boys and girls, gave them homework and also asked them questions. The teachers went to a special building called the school where they taught the children in the classrooms.

25. How did Margie react when Tommy told her that twentieth-century schools had human teachers? Or Why did Margie remark, “How could a man be a teacher”?

Answer: Margie made this remark when she heard Tommy mention that children were taught by human teachers in the times gone by. She could not believe the truth of Tommy’s comment because she had not seen any human teacher; she was used to studying with the help of her mechanical tele-teacher only. Moreover, she believed that a human teacher could not match the mechanical teacher in intelligence and knowledge.

26. Who interrupts Margie and Tommy’s conversation? Why?

Answer: Margie and Tommy were lost in unraveling the exciting mystery of the ‘real’ book that the latter had found in his attic, when Margie’s mother interrupted them saying “Margie! School!” and she even suggested to Tommy that it was time for him to attend school, too.

27. When Margie went to her school, what did the teacher on the screen teach?

Answer: When Margie went to her school, which was a room next to her bedroom, the mechanical teacher taught an arithmetic lesson on the addition of proper fractions. It taught her how to add the fractions ½ and ¼.

28. Why couldn’t Margie concentrate on the Arithmetic lesson?

Answer: Margie could not concentrate on the arithmetic lesson because her mind was pre-occupied with the thoughts about the school that Tommy had just described her. She was awestruck to learn that children studied together and were taught by real persons in these old schools. She thought how much fun those students must have had while studying together.

29. Why did Margie think that children must have loved to go to school when her grandfather’s grandfather was a little boy? Or Why did Margie feel that children in old times had fun while studying in school? Or why does Margie feel that learning was fun in the schools of the past?

Answer: Margie attends a tele-school, which is just a machine in the room next to her bedroom and she studies alone unlike students of the schools in the bygone times. She feels that learning was more fun in those days because hundreds of children had the opportunity of congregating and studying together with the help of human teachers and printed books. Schools were huge buildings where a lot of activities could be carried out by students in groups. Compared to that, her present school is much too mechanical, boring, monotonous and demanding, and she hates it.

30. What was Tommy’s opinion about the ‘real book’?

Answer: Tommy found the ‘real book’ a waste as once read you, just throw it away. It did not seem interesting and useful. The words were fixed on it and not any other thing can be printed on it.

31. How does Tommy describe the old kind of teachers?

Answer: He says that the old teachers did not live in the house. They had a special building and all the kids went there. They gave homework to students. They were not mechanical teachers, but human beings.

32. Who was the Country Inspector? What was his work?

Answer: The country Inspector was the man who repaired the mechanical teacher. He adjusted the level of the teacher as per the child’s requirements and intelligence.

33. Why was Margie doing worse in geography? What did the County Inspector do to help her?

Answer: Margie had been doing worse in geography because the mechanical teacher was very fast in displaying the questionnaire. The County Inspector adjusted its speed up to an average ten-year level. Thus, the mechanical teacher’s speed was controlled appropriately. The County Inspector assured that the overall pattern of Margie’s progress was quite satisfactory.

34. Did Margie have regular days and hours for school? If so, why?

Answer: Yes, Margie had regular days and hours for school because her mother said little girls learned better if they learned at regular hours.

35. Why did Tommy pronounce the word ‘centuries ago’ carefully?

Answer: Tommy pronounced the word carefully because he wanted to lay stress on the fact that the school was very old and it was quite different from theirs.

36. What had once happened to Tommy’s teacher?

Answer: Once Tommy’s teacher was taken away for about a month because the history sector had blanked out completely.

37. What is the ‘slot’? Why does Margie hate it?

Answer: ‘Slot’ was a space in the mechanical teacher where each student is to put his homework and test assignments for marking. Margie hates it the most because she has to work hard to punch code for answering homework.

38. Evaluate ‘The Fun They Had’ as a futuristic story.

Answer: The Fun They Had’ is a futuristic story. It tells us about the revolutionary changes that will come in the field of education in the 22nd century. Technology will replace the concept of old schools and printed books. Margie and Tommy are the students of the year 2157. They are taught in their bedrooms serving as virtual classrooms. A mechanical teacher will replace a human teacher. Computers and e-books will replace old printed books.

39. How will the e-books be different from the old books that existed centuries ago?

Answer: The very concept of ‘the books’ will change in the 22nd century. The e-books will replace old books. The books will not be printed on papers. The words will move on a TV/computer screen. The television screen may have more than a million books on it.

40. What did Margie’s mother think about the teacher’ and ‘the school’?

Answer: Margie’s mother thought that every child had a different intelligence and capacity to understand things. The mechanical teacher should be adjusted to fit the mind of each boy and girl it taught. Each kid had to be taught differently. She thought that little girls and boys would learn better if they learned at regular hours at the ‘school’.

41. Describe the characteristics of the old school? How did it influence Margie?

Answer: The old school had several characteristics — the children went to a big building. The man worked as a teacher and taught the boys and girls. The teacher gave them homework. He also asked them questions. They sat together and studied the same subject. In the old school, children studied and played together. It was quite opposite to the school that has been talked about in the chapter. Margie was very much influenced by the old school. In her class, she was busy thinking about the fun the children had at that time.

42. Will future schools be completely devoid of humans and human values? Give a reasoned answer.

Answer: Certainly, a revolutionary change will come in the field of education in the future. The mechanical teachers and tele-books will dominate the scene. Every student will be taught by the mechanical teacher according to his or her ability. However, the institution of schools will remain in one form or the other. Human teachers will not disappear altogether. Education will never be completely devoid of humans and human values.

43. Why did Tommy and Margie think the old book a wastage of resources?

Answer: Because they found the words in the old book not moving. The pages had turned yellow and crinkly. Moreover, the old book could not last long.

44. What difference did Margie’s mother find in the old school?

Answer: Margie’s mother was of the opinion that children should be taught according to their individual needs. But in the old school, the children of the same age group studied the same things.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. How did a chance discovery of a paper book leave Margie and Tommy awestruck?

Answer: Margie and Tommy are neighbourhood friends in the year 2157. It is an age of total automation, mechanization, digitalization and computerization. Children do not go to a school building and they are not taught by a human teacher. Instead, their teacher is a telling teacher, a computer like a machine that has millions of books. It can be customized according to the age and learning needs and abilities of individual students. Reading is done on a screen that displays movable text.

So, one day when Tommy finds an old, dusty paper book in the attic of his house, he shares the exciting news with his friend Margie and together they are awestruck, for they had hitherto never seen or heard about a book that had no screen but only fixed text on pages that had to be flipped with fingers.

As the duo kept reading the book further and further, their excitement kept growing. They were awestruck to discover that ancient schools were huge buildings where hundreds of children studied together with the same syllabus, the same subjects and carried out the same activities and tasks. They were taught by real human teachers with the help of real books. Margie believes that students those days must have had a lot of fun studying together.

2. What are the main features of the mechanical teachers and the schoolrooms that Margie and Tommy have in the story?

Answer: Tommy and Margie are young schools going children in the year 2157. Schools and teachers have an entirely different form from the ones in the twentieth century. Margie and Tommy’s school is not in a separate special building but in a room in their respective houses where the television or the mechanical teacher is placed. Each student has to sit and study alone with the help of the mechanical teacher. The ‘teacher’ assigns tests to the students and assesses their progress. The speed of the different subject sectors is fixed according to the age level of each student.

There is a special slot in the tele-teacher where students have to insert their homework. If the mechanical teacher develops any fault, there are engineers to repair it. Sometimes the fault may be a major one and it takes longer to repair it, as was the case when Tommy’s history teacher developed a snag. Thus, the mechanical teachers and schoolrooms of Tommy and Margie are fully computerized and are completely different from the present-day schools.

3. Why did Margie hate school? Why did she think the old kind of school must have been fun?

Answer: Margie hated school because it did not have any fun. Her schedule was too regimented and she had to study at a fixed time on all days of the week except Saturdays and Sundays. She did not have any classmates to study with and seek help from. Her mechanical teacher sometimes developed a snag and assigned the tests that were quite difficult for her. Constant failure to perform well in such tests was disappointing for her. There were times when she wanted a break, but the technical advancement of 2157 did not give her a chance. The County Inspector took just a little while to set right the Geography sector of her teacher.

She thought that the old kind of school must have been fun because unlike her school, the ancient schools were in special buildings where the students from the whole neighbourhood came laughing and playing. Students of the same level would be in the same room and were taught by human teachers. The students would sit together in the schoolroom, go home together, learn the same things, help one another with the homework and talk about it. Hence, schools in olden days did not restrain their students but gave them a chance to grow up together.

4. Do you agree with Margie that schools today are more fun than the school in the story? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer: Margie’s school, as described in the story, seems to be a boring place where learning is a mere task. In comparison, schools today are more fun. Students get a chance to come out of their homes and travel to reach school. On their way, they laugh, play and have so much fun. The schoolyard too is a great open place where students get a chance to interact informally with each other. They get an opportunity to share their experiences and help each other. Their learning schedule is also flexible and gives them enough time to have fun. They have so many extra-curricular activities which teach a lot of skills in a fun-filled way. Their teacher is a real person who makes them sit together and teaches them the same topic. In this way, they learn to adjust and adapt which helps them develop the values of tolerance and cooperation. Hence, Margie’s view that schools today are more fun than her school is totally justified.

5. Suppose you are Margie. Write a diary entry dated 17th May 2157 about Tommy’s real book that he found in his attic.

Answer: Tuesday, 17th May 2157 10.00 p.m. Dear Diary It has been a wonderful day for me as I have seen a real, hard-bound printed paper book. In fact, Tommy found the book in the attic of his house when he was cleaning the cupboard of his grandfather. It consists of about 200 pages which have become yellow and crinkly with time. It is a strange experience to read the words fixed on its papers unlike the ones in my telebooks that keep moving as I scroll.

When I turn the page, I find the same words again. The book is about a school from olden times, about two centuries ago. Can you believe that in those times a school was not a room in one’s own house but a special building dedicated to the purpose of teaching and learning! The students of the same level studied the same things sitting together in the same classroom. It is really wonderful to think that the teachers were men and not machines. I really believe that it must have been great fun for children to go to such schools together, laughing, joking, playing, and teasing each other. How wonderful it must have been that the students helped each other with lessons as well! I wish I could travel back in time and study in one of those schools.

6. Why did Margie hate school? Why did she think the old kind of school must have been fun?

Answer: Margie hated school because she had a mechanical teacher. It was at her house. She was supposed to sit in that room alone to complete her homework or assignments. The part Margie hated the most was the slot where she had to put homework and test papers. She thought that the old schools must have been fun because the students used to sit together in the classroom. They enjoyed, laughed and shouted in the schoolyard, going home together at the end of the day. They learned the same things so that they could help one another with homework and talk about it. All the teachers were people. Children needed a company to enhance their skills. If they are isolated, they get depressed and dejected.

7. The old schools are considered fun by the modern generation. Explain.

Answer: The ancient schools consisted of Gurukuls in which the students stayed in the building with the guru. Then with the change of time Gurukuls changed into schools. Hence the teacher and the student have a formal relationship. In these schools, teachers are human beings and books are real ones made of paper. Now with times, the modern generation’s school replaced by e-text and computers. The future generation would envy when they come to know about the old system of education in which all the kids went to school together. They studied together, played together. They could have better innovative minds as they got a chance to discuss things with each other. The old system of education in which ‘man’ as a teacher could influence his students by the charisma of his personality. Future generation would utter what fun the schools were long ago.

8. Do you agree with Margie that schools today are more fun than the school in the story? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer: There is no doubt that today’s schools have more fun than the school discussed in the story. This school has nothing but a mechanical teacher with no emotions and sentiments. It does not have the ability to understand the psychology of a child. Moreover, it guides a pupil according to its adjusted modes. But today’s schools work for the overall development of a child. They are given training in leadership, sports, politics and science. They learn how to adapt themselves to the new surroundings and cope with strangers. The students sit and learn together forgetting their caste, colour and creed. These activities don’t give vent to the feelings of depression, alienation and segregation.

9. Will the existing schools and teachers become totally irrelevant in future ‘school’? Give a reasoned answer.

Answer: Naturally, schools that existed centuries ago will not be the same in the coming centuries. The system of education will be highly computerized and mechanical. The ‘school’ will have no separate building. Nor will they be taught the same thing together. The mechanical teacher will be a big TV screen, good for a million books. The mechanical teacher will be adjusted according to the age and capacity of the student. But it will be an exaggeration to say that everything about the old schools will disappear. Even the future schools can’t be completely devoid of the human angle. Perhaps the institution of the old schools and teachers will remain. Human involvement can’t disappear altogether.

10. Describe the characteristics of old schools. How did they arouse so much interest in Margie and Tommy?

Answer: The good old students reflected the charm and romance of their times. Every school had its own buildings. Students from different parts of the town went there for studies. All the students in a class were taught the same things. They received the same kinds of homework. Hence, students could help one another. The teachers were real human beings. The books were printed on paper.

There was an air of romance about the old schools. Margie’s interest was around about them. She got the relevant information about them from Tommy. In comparison to her mechanical teacher and her ‘school’, the old schools charmed Margie. She was fascinated by the way children went to their schools. They studied together. They were taught the same things. It was easier for them to help one another. Margie was rather envious of the fun the children had in old schools.

11. Can you imagine a school without teachers and books? Give your opinion on the basis of the lesson ‘The Fun They Had’.

Answer: No one can deny the role of modern technologies in our lives and in our studies. Nowadays education is changing but schools without teachers and without books are beyond imagination. Without teachers, teaching would not be good because no one would be there to explain and to teach as well. No student would like the environment, it would be like an office. Teachers are very important for education. Teachers not only teach us different subjects but they also teach us to live in discipline and to live together. Teachers resolve the student’s problem and doubt and if they aren’t in schools the students don’t study enough. As in the lesson Margie does not like her school, she finds it tedious as she does not have the opportunity to be with other students and to do every work together. Modern technologies can be taken as an aid to improve the standard of studies but the schools without books and teachers will never be preferred.

12. What is the role of a teacher in the life of a student? How is a human teacher better than a mechanical teacher?

Answer: Teachers play a very important role in the life of a student. They not only provide bookish knowledge but also inspire their students to live a meaningful and successful life. They burn themselves like a candle throughout their lives to remove the darkness and ignorance from their student’s life. This can be done by a human teacher only. A mechanical teacher can provide ample knowledge on various subjects but he/she can not boost up their students to do something distinguished. There is a single mechanical teacher having various sectors geared up according to the level of the child. There is no companion, no playground and no fun at all. The teaching is mechanical and monotonous. Thus the human teachers are better than the mechanical teachers in many ways. They know individually intellect of their students which helps them to guide them individually according to the mental level of students.

Question and Answer forum for K12 Students

Iswaran the Storyteller Extra Questions and Answers Class 9 English Moments

In this page you can find Iswaran the Storyteller Extra Questions and Answers Class 9 English Moments, Extra Questions for Class 9 English will make your practice complete.

Iswaran the Storyteller Extra Questions and Answers Short Answer Type

Question 1. What was the routine of Iswaran? Answer: Iswaran was a cook. He was attached to Mahendra. He cooked food, washed clothes and did other household works. After completing his work, he used to take bath and read some books. He was an asset to Mahendra.

Question 2. What happened when the wild elephant entered the school playground? Answer: When the wild elephant entered the school playground, there was chaos. The boys ran into their classrooms and shut the doors. The elephant pulled out the football goalpost, flattened the drum and uprooted the shrubs.

Iswaran the Storyteller Short Answer Type Questions and Answers

Question 3. How did Iswaran control the wild elephant? Answer: Iswaran controlled the wild elephant. He took a stick in his hand, moved forward and with all his might, whacked the elephant’s third toenail. The elephant looked stunned for a minute. Finally, it shivered and collapsed.

Question 4. How did Mahendra see the female ghost? Answer: One full-moon night, Mahendra heard the sound of moaning and wailing near the window. He looked out of his window. He saw a dark cloudy form clutching a bundle. He thought it to be a female ghost. He sweated and fell back on the pillow.

Question 5. How did Iswaran describe the female ghost? Answer: One day, Iswaran told Mahendra that he had seen a female ghost appearing off and on at midnight during the full-moon. It was an ugly creature with matted hair and shrivelled face. It could be seen moving around with a foetus in its arms.

Question 6. How did Iswaran entertain Mahendra? Answer: Iswaran was a good storyteller. He was fond of reading books on thrill and mystery. He used to tell’ various stories to Mahendra. His stories were full of suspense, horror and adventure. He compared things with extraordinary imagination.

Question 7. Why did Mahendra expect Iswaran to be angry? Answer: One day, Mahendra interrupted Iswaran from telling a useless story. He scolded him badly. So, he expected him to be angry for some days. But Iswaran did not mind that and was before him as usual.

Question 8. “Iswaran used to read Tamil Thriller.” Do you think this affected his behaviour in any way? How? Answer: Iswaran used to read Tamil thrillers. Yes, it affected his behaviour. He used to narrate a small incident in a detailed way. He created suspense in small things and gave surprise endings.

Question 9. Do you think the story of a wild elephant in the school was also a figment of imagination of Iswaran ? Answer: Yes, I think this story was also a figment of his imagination. He was in the habit of telling stories out of nothing. A small event of elephant’s entry in the school might have been narrated in such an elaborate way.

Question 10. “One day Mahendra went to his bed with a certain unease.” Do you think it was the influence of Iswaran’s constant mention of ghosts? Answer: Yes, I think he was also influenced by Iswaran’s constant mention of ghosts. He felt the presence of some spirits around him. He saw a woman ghost outside the window of his bedroom. This scared him and he ultimately left the place.

Question 11. Mahendra resigned from his post and left the place. What do you think, could be the reason? Answer: Mahendra did not believe in supernatural powers. But one day, being influenced by Iswaran, he saw a woman ghost outside his window. This scared him. He decided to leave the place immediately. He resigned from his post and went away.

Question 12. What were the elements of Iswaran’s story? Answer: The elements of Iswaran’s story were a tusker and a woman ghost. The story was narrated to Ganesh by Mahendra, a supervisor in a firm.

Iswaran the Storyteller Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Question 1. How did Iswaran manage to make even the simplest incident interesting? Give an example. Do you think one should be imaginative like him? Answer: Instead of saying that he had seen an uprooted tree on the highway, he would say, “The road was deserted and I was alone. Suddenly I spotted something that looked like an enormous beast lying sprawled across the road. I was half inclined to turn and go back. But as I came closer, I saw that it was a fallen tree.” Iswaran was very imaginative. This is how he managed to make even the simplest incident interesting. I think one should be realistic instead of being too imaginative. If one is like Iswaran he is never trusted. His factual information is not accepted.

Question 2. How did Iswaran tackle the elephant in the school building? Does it appear to beJikely? Do you think this is a positive trait of one’s personality? Answer: The elephant created chaos in the school. All the boys ran into the classrooms and shut the doors tight. Iswaran grabbed a cane from the hands of one of the teachers and ran downstairs. With the stick in his hand, Iswaran moved slowly towards the elephant. He whacked third toenail of the beast. The beast collapsed. This is how Iswaran tackled the mad elephant.

This incident does not appear to be plausible. It is difficult to believe that a child of a junior class can control a wild, mad elephant. No, it is not a desirable trait of one’s personality. Nobody believes such persons who are in the habit of boasting about things.

Question 3. Mahendra did not believe in ghosts. What happened to him on the last full moon night? Do you think ghosts exist? Answer: One day Iswaran told Mahendra about a female ghost. It made him uneasy. He did not have the courage to look out of the window on a full moon night. He was woken up by a low moan close to his window: He did not want to see what there was. But out of curiosity, he looked outside the window.

He was shocked to see the ghost of a woman. The female ghost seemed to be an ugly creature with thick hair and a shrivelled face. It gave the impression of a skeleton holding a foetus in its arms. He was frightened. He broke into a cold sweat and fell back on the pillow, panting. No, I don’t think ghosts exist. It is only a figment of imagination.

Question 4. Give a brief character sketch of Iswaran the storyteller. Do you think he is superstitious? Answer: Iswaran, a cook, was a perfect storyteller. He was greatly influenced by the Tamil authors. He always tried to introduce suspense and surprise in the narration of even the simplest incident. He usually left his story in the middle and would not take up again quickly. He had an amazing capacity to make stories.

He was boastful too. He boasted of his bravery in the school where he controlled a wild elephant. His stories were so lively that they used to leave a long lasting impact on the listener’s mind. No he was not a superstitious person. He was only a good story teller. He did not believe in any rituals or supernatural powers.

Question 5. Who was Mahendra? How was Iswaran helpful to him? Answer: Mahendra was a junior superviser in a firm. Iswaran was quite attached to him and remained with him uncomplainingly wherever he was posted. Iswaran was very helpful to Mahendra. He cooked for him, washed his clothes and told him endless stories. He had an amazing capacity to produce vegetables and cooking ingredients anywhere. Mahendra’s trust in Iswaran is appreciable. He always praises him for his talent as a cook. He respects his feelings. Whenever Iswaran tells him any story, Mahendra knows that it is not true but he never scolds him.

Question 6. ‘Ghosts are a figment of our imagination.’ Discuss. Answer: Ghosts exist only in stories. According to some people, ghosts are the unsatisfied souls of the dead people. It is not scientific. After one’s death, it is not possible for one to come back in the shape of human beings. Some people love mystery for their own sake. Iswaran read thrillers which made him see the ghosts. Mahendra was an educated person but he was told about the female ghost by Iswaran. He had seen the female ghost only after Iswaran told him about it. It was a case of hallucination.

Question 7. If you were Mahendra, what decision would you take at the end of the story? Answer: Though I would have reacted the same way after seeing the ghost, yet I would have gone into the depth of the mystery instead of leaving. Being educated, I would not believe it blindly. I would have taken the help of Iswaran and tried to follow the image. I would have tried to find out footprints the next morning.

Even Iswaran would be in my suspicion. I would have searched the are.a around my house and looked for some clues. I would not leave the mystery unresolved. Courageously I would have discussed it with Iswaran whether he had created any mischief in the guise of a woman ghost. I would also have tried to find any other things kept in the room that creates this riddle. It would have been my priority to know the fact.

Question 8. Describe Iswaran as a cook. What are his qualities that attract you the most? Answer: Iswaran was a middle-aged man with a multifaceted personality. He belonged to South India and was literate. He worked as a cook for Mahendra. He was an expert cook. He would produce vegetables and cooking ingredients, seemingly out of nowhere. Without any shops for miles around, he would arrange fresh vegetables in no time. He was an asset for Mahendra. He was a very obedient person. He obeyed his master Mahendra with full dedication. He was like a magician in the art of cooking.

Iswaran is also a good storyteller. He makes his stories vivid by telling them in a unique style. He made use of gestures and dramatic skills to give a sound effect. He told stories with action. Suspense and surprise were the chief qualities of his stories that attracted us the most.

Question 9. If you were Mahendra, would you expect Iswaran to be angry? Give reasons. Answer: One day, Mahendra interrupted Iswaran from telling a useless story. He felt unrest and asked him to stop telling such silly stories. He scolded him badly. So, he expected him to be angry for some days. But Iswaran did not mind that, and he was before him as usual.

If I were Mahendra, I would have not expected Iswarean to be angry. He knew’ that he was wrong. It was really unfair on his part to create unnecessary sensation in people’s hearts and minds by his stories which were really beyond imagination. I was surprised at his cheerful and talkative behaviour next day because he was a cheerful person, and so he had never felt insulted.

The Turning Point Question and Answers

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Class 9 English Communicative...

Class 9 English Communicative Sample Papers 2024

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Sample Paper of class 9 English Communicative – in PDF

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Class 09 – Communicative English (101)

Sample Paper – 01 (2023-24)

Maximum Marks: 80 Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

15-minute prior reading time allotted for Q-paper reading.
The Question Paper contains FOUR sections-READING SKILLS, WRITING SKILLS, GRAMMAR and LITERATURE TEXTBOOK.
Attempt questions based on specific instructions for each part.

SECTION A : READING SKILLS (20 marks)

Today, Monday, Wanda Petronski was not in her seat. But nobody, not even Peggy and Madeline, the girls who started all the fun, noticed her absence. Usually Wanda sat in the seat next to the last seat in the last row in Room Thirteen. She sat in the corner of the room where the rough boys who did not make good marks sat, the corner of the room where there was most scuffling of feet, most roars of laughter when anything funny was said, and most mud and dirt on the floor.
Wanda did not sit there because she was rough and noisy. On the contrary, she was very quiet and rarely said anything at all. And nobody had ever heard her laugh out loud. Sometimes she twisted her mouth into a crooked sort of smile, but that was all.
Nobody knew exactly why Wanda sat in that seat, unless it was because she came all the way from Boggins Heights and her feet were usually caked with dry mud. But no one really thought much about Wanda Petronski, once she sat in the corner of the room.
The time when they thought about Wanda was outside of school hours – at noon-time when they were coming back to school or in the morning early before school began, when groups of two or three, or even more, would be talking and laughing on their way to the school yard. Then, sometimes, they waited for Wanda – to have fun with her. The next day, Tuesday, Wanda was not in school, either. And nobody noticed her absence again. But on Wednesday, Peggy and Maddie, who sat down front with other children who got good marks and who didn’t track in a whole lot of mud, did notice that Wanda wasn’t there.
Was Wanda Petronski in her seat?
Did her friends notice Wanda’s absence?
Where did Wanda usually sit in the room?
Describe that particular corner where Wanda used to sit in the class.
How were her feet when she came all the way from Boggins Heights?
Did Wanda sit there because she was rough and noisy? (Yes/No)
________ and ________ were the first to notice that Wanda was not in the class.
Wanda had a ________ smile. a) frightening b) pretty c) crooked d) broad
According to the passage, all the students sat in: a) Room Thirteen b) The garden c) Thirteen Rooms d) Room Twelve
Which word in the passage means the same as slightly bent ? a) Crooked b) Scuffling c) Started d) None of these
How does the silk production help in the upliftment of communities? a) The entire families are involved in production. b) All of the above c) The entire village tends to prosper. d) Almost 85% of the price of silk in the market goes back to communities.
What is the traditional costume of the Indian women? a) Both scarves and kurta b) scarves c) Kurta d) saree
Which is the final part of silk-production? a) silk extraction b) the weaving of the fabric c) textures and designs d) silk-weaving
Find the word from the passage which means the same as use up . a) remains b) consumption c) indelible d) materials
What is the cost of imported silk yam in India? a) ₹ 4500 per kg b) ₹ 3500 per kg c) ₹ 3800 per kg d) None of these
What is the first step in silk production?
How are the worms taken care of?
Which is the most famous silk?
Name a few famous South Indian silk-producing centres.
Name the three states leading in the production of silk yarn in India?

SECTION B : WRITING SKILLS (24 marks)

You are Nikhil Goyal of Class IX. You have found a watch in the school playground. Write a notice for the school notice board inviting its rightful owner to claim the watch after furnishing necessary details about it.
Complete the dialogue given below. Write your answers against the correct blank numbers. Rajnish: I want to go to Gurgaon. Would you tell me (a) ________? Govind: You should go by Metro (b) ________. Rajnish: I do not know (c) ________. Govind: Take a (d) ________. Rajnish: I am so (e) ________.

SECTION C : GRAMMAR (10 marks)

Fill in the blanks (a)-(c) with the appropriate option from those in the brackets. Kabir, (a) ________ (a/one/the) famous saint, was neither a Muslim nor a Hindu. He (b) ________ (is/has been/was) a ‘fakir’ (c) ________ (who/which and) preached love, peace and brotherhood to mankind.


Inactivity is the greater cause of overweight these days.	(a)	________	________
People physical activity	(b)	________	________
had decreased these days. The main	(c)	________	________
reason is there are many labour saving devices.	(d)	________	________

Rearrange the following jumbled words/phrases in the given dialogue to create a meaningful sentence. Only those who work hard get glory and success in life. Nothing great can be achieved without effort. A student can never come out with flying colours unless he has worked hard throughout the year. service/the/of mankind/God/the service/of/is
Read the conversation given below. Based on your reading, fill in the blanks appropriately. Sameer: Neha, why do you keep on wasting time in useless pursuits? Neha: It’s not a useless job, I am trying to make a angel with this waste material. Sameer: What is the need to do all this, when you have so many important things to do? Neha: I am making a angel to bless my family. Sameer asked Neha why she kept on wasting time in useless pursuits Neha told Sameer that it was not a useless job and that (a) ________. Sameer asked what was the need to do all those things when she had so many important things to do To which Neha replied (b) ________.

SECTION D : LITERATURE TEXTBOOK (26 marks)

Which region does the solitary reaper belong to?
What was the girl doing?
What does the poet suggest?
Name the poet who wrote this poem.
Who is the speaker of these lines?
What proposal does she make to the listener?
Who are they here?
Who paid a special tribute to Duke?
What does the expression advance objectives step by step mean?
Who helped Hooper the most?
Who was Duke?
How did the poet pave the way for cavities, caps and decay?
How do the expressions bicker down , hurry down , slip between ridges , chatter , chatter help in creating the image of the young river? (The Brook)
In the poem Song of the Rain how does rain help in establishing a bond between the field and the cloud?
What did Harold ask his father to do for him? What for?
John is a hypocrite. Substantiate this statement. Do you agree?
What did the narrator and his friend Trower see when they were returning from the canteen? Answer to the context of the chapter The Man Who Knew Too Much .
Why did Persome feel scared when she saw the convict in the house?
As the convict write a letter to the Bishop thanking him profusely to have brought a change in him from a beast to a true human being. Assure him that you’ll always follow the path of righteousness in life.
What made the grandmother so much interested in the serial of Kashi Yatre that appeared in the weekly Karmaveera? What happened when the narrator went to attend a wedding in the neighbouring village? To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App . It provides complete study material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar papers with their own name and logo.

Class 9 Communicative English (101) – Solution

Sample Paper – 01 (2023-24) Solution

SECTION A Solution – READING SKILLS (20 marks)

No, Wanda Petronski was not in her seat.
No, even Wanda’s friends Peggy and Madeline didn’t notice Wanda’s absence in the class.
Wanda usually sat in the next to the last seat in the last row in Room Thirteen.
Only rough boys sat there scuffling their feet and making the floor muddy and dirty.
When she came all the way from Boggins Heights her feet were usually caked with dry mud.
Peggy, Maddie
(c) crooked Explanation: crooked
(a) Room Thirteen Explanation: Room Thirteen
(a) Crooked Explanation: Crooked
(d) Almost 85% of the price of silk in the market goes back to communities. Explanation: The silk sold becomes a source of income for the communities. This helps in getting them out of poverty.
(d) saree Explanation: Saree is the traditional costume of Indian women. It is draped in different ways.
(b) the weaving of the fabric Explanation: Weaving the threads into fabric is the final part of silk production.
(b) consumption Explanation: Consumption means using up a resource.
(a) ₹ 4500 per kg Explanation: Imported silk yearn is 4500 rupees and domestic silk yarn is 3500 to 3800 rupees.
The first step in silk production is the cultivation of quality feed for the silkworms.
The worms are reared in controlled environmental conditions.
The traditional handloom silk is the most famous silk.
A few famous South Indian silk-producing centers are Kanchipuram, Dharmavaram and Arni.
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu are the three states leading in the production of silk yarn in India.

SECTION B Solution – WRITING SKILLS (24 marks)

10 Nov. 20XX

Found a gent’s wristwatch in the school playground today, i.e., 10 Nov. 20XX at 8.30 a.m. The genuine owner of the watch can claim it back from the undersigned after giving necessary details about the watch and identification marks if any.
NIkhil Goyal
XII A
Roll No. 22

how I can go there
which starts horn Mehrauli
how to reach Mehrauli
bus which will drop you at Mehrauli
thankful to you

Room No. 115 Gyan Hostel Indore 28th July, 2023

SECTION C Solution – GRAMMAR (10 marks)

(a) the (b) was (c) who


(a)	greater	greatest
(b)	People	People’s
(c)	had	have
(d)	is	being

The service of mankind is the service of God.
(a) she was trying to make a angel with that waste material, (b) that she was making it to bless her family.

SECTION D Solution – LITERATURE TEXTBOOK (26 marks)

The girl belongs to the mountainous highland region of Scotland.
The girl was reaping and singing by herself in the field.
The poet suggests the passers-by either to stand silently and listen to her song or leave the place silently.
This poem has been written by William Wordsworth.
The Maid proposes to the listener to take up a role in a film in order to supplement her dwindling income.
‘They’ refer to the director and the manager of the film.
Charles Hooper’s company paid a special tribute to Duke.
Moving towards your goal step by step.
His pet dog named Duke helped Hooper the most advance his objectives step by step.
Duke was the name of Hooper’s obedient dog.
The poet neglected her teeth during her childhood. She used to chew toffees, lick lollies and eat sweets of all kinds. She didn’t realise that these habits would lead to tooth ailments. Thus, by not giving proper care on time, she paved the way for cavities, caps and decays.
All the expressions suggest energy, enthusiasm, frivolous behaviour that can be associated with a young person-always quarrelling, talking, hurrying, taking shortcuts etc.
The poet says that fields and the clouds are lovers. The fields are needy and the clouds are bursting with moisture, the rain acts as a messenger of mercy for them. It quenches the thirst of the fields and cures the ailment of the clouds by relieving them of the moisture.
Harold asked his father to give him a picture of himself boxing. He could swank that like anything. His fellow students had been swanking Jimmy Wilde’s snapshot. They would be let down by Harold’s displaying his dad’s photograph of boxing. This had a magical effect on Bramble. He got ready to go to the White Hart for training for his boxing bout next Monday for his sake.
Yes, John does come across as a hypocrite. He criticises and mocks the stories of best-sellers calling them melodramatic and unrealistic. In real life, he behaves like the hero of a best-seller, chasing his girl, across various towns and stations, and proposes to her despite her royal connections.
When the narrator and his friend Trower were returning from the canteen, they saw the Professor sermonising there. Three cooks were standing against the wall. In his monotonous tone, Quelch was expressing his resentment and protest at the way they peeled potatoes. In his opinion, it was quite unscientific and unhygienic to peel potatoes in such a way. He wanted to draw their attention to the sheer waste of vitamin values. The narrator and his friend fled as they couldn’t stand the sermons of the Professor anymore.
Persome felt scared when she saw the convict as she did not expect to find a convict in her home, and also because the convict held a knife and threatened her.
1527, Charles de Gaulle Road Paris 14th December, 20_ _ Reverend Father I feel overwhelmed with emotions of respect and love amounting to worship for you while writing this letter. I am sure that if you had not been there I don’t know if I could have seen this day. I lack words to express my deepest and sincerest respect to you. The prison authorities treated me like a beast. See my ‘crime’ as they called it! I stole to get food. But I was made to suffer like an animal. Even my name was taken off and a number was given. Truly, but for you, I would have died a beast. I found a messiah in you. You provided me with food and a place to stay for the night after I brandished a knife. I took your silver candlesticks even back then. You lied when you said I was brought back to you with those silver candlesticks. You became my friend and kept the cops away from me. You truly did miracles for me by showing sympathy, pity, empathy, compassion, etc. You prevented my soul from going to hell. When you finally blessed me, I was unable to control my excitement. You made me into the guy I am today. I shall always cherish you as an angel in human form. I shall never deviate from the path of righteousness. May you live long! With warm regards Your son
The story of Triveni’s novel Kashi Yatre dealt with a religious theme relating to an old lady. She wanted to visit Kashi or Varanasi and worship Lord Vishweshwara there. It, for Hindus, was the ultimate punya . But she couldn’t go there. Instead, she gave all her savings to an orphan girl who couldn’t marry her heart-throb due to poverty. The grandmother identified herself with the old lady of the novel as both had a similar outlook and similar sentiments. Then their psychologies and social levels were almost the same. The grandmother’s character totally synced in with the novel’s character which interested her even more. When the narrator went to a neighbouring village to attend a wedding she remained there for a week. In her absence, weekly Karmaveera arrived and the grandmother wanted to know the story of the serial. But she couldn’t read as she was illiterate. This made her feel the worth and value of being literate. When the narrator came she wept before her and urged her (the narrator) to teach her the Kannada alphabet. To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App . It provides complete study material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar papers with their own name and logo.

Marking Scheme for the Class 9 exam

Subject	Annual Exam	Internal Assessment	Total Marks
English	80 Marks	20 Marks	100 Marks
Hindi	80 Marks	20 Marks	100 Marks
Mathematics	80 Marks	20 Marks	100 Marks
Science	80 Marks	20 Marks	100 Marks
Social Science	80 Marks	20 Marks	100 Marks
Sanskrit	80 Marks	20 Marks	100 Marks
Foundation of IT	40 Marks	60 Marks	100 Marks

Class 9 Sample Papers 2023-24

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English Language and Literature

To download sample papers for class 9 Science, Social Science, Mathematics, English Communicative, English Language and Literature, Hindi Course A, and Hindi Course B; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solutions, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT solutions, NCERT Exemplar solutions, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Papers all are made available through the best app for CBSE students and the myCBSEguide website.

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Essay on Save Trees for Students and Children

500+ words essay on save trees.

Essay on Save Trees: From childhood, we have heard that trees are our best friend but in practical life, we didn’t see anyone who treats trees as their friends. Although they are the most valuable life source on the earth. They benefit every life form in a direct or indirect way. And the earth is connected to them to maintain a natural balance. In this essay on save trees, we are discussing the reason why our friends need saving.

They nourish us and protect us in many ways. Also, they keep our environment green and clean. So, it becomes our responsibility to repay them for the things they do for us by saving them. Besides, large trees are more beneficial than small ones because they capture more carbon, capture more water, combat the heat, filter greenhouse gases , gives shelter from heat and sunlight , etc. So, it can be said that we depend on them more rather than they on us.

Advantages and Importance of Trees

As we have discussed the benefits of trees in short but here we are going to discuss them in detail. Plants and Trees fight the climatic changes that are destroying the earth. They also filter the air that we breathe and absorb all the harmful chemical gases and odors from the environment. Also, they take in the harmful carbon dioxide and gives out oxygen.

They are good for the diversity of flora and fauna. They give us food, shelter and many more things that we can’t count. Besides, they never demand anything from us and also prevent soil erosion , water evaporation . Above all, they control and manage the effects of wind, sun and, rain.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

How to Save Trees?

The human has become aware and serious about this issue and started doing the best they can do to save trees. The forest departments and government have banned the illegal cutting of trees. And they are going digital so that they can save paper which will reduce the number of trees cut down for making paper.

Apart from that, the forest area after cutting of trees should be replanted with new ones. Also, we should teach our children to plant trees and ask them to pass it on their friends and acquaintances.

The least that we can do is to plant some pots in our home rooftops or garden and ask our neighbor to do the same. Also, if we see the removal of a tree then we should inform the local authority about it to create awareness. Above all, strict laws should be made for people who illegally or without permission cut these trees for their own benefits.

The various life form is able to survive on earth due to plants. If we remove plants from the earth even for one day then the survival of man will become difficult.

Besides, they are the source of water and fresh oxygen on earth. Cutting trees means destroying life on earth. So, the time has come that we to be responsible for the action we have done till now. And start finding ways to save this Green Gold.

{ “@context”: “https://schema.org”, “@type”: “FAQPage”, “mainEntity”: [{ “@type”: “Question”, “name”: “Why saving trees are so important?”, “acceptedAnswer”: { “@type”: “Answer”, “text”: “Saving trees benefit us more than it will benefit trees. The reason for that is they give us food, shelter, protection from sunlight, clean air to breathe and many countless more benefit that we ignore.” } }, { “@type”: “Question”, “name”: “How can we save trees?”, “acceptedAnswer”: { “@type”: “Answer”, “text”:”We can save trees by following methods – Planting more and more trees,Stopping cutting of trees,Creating awareness about the importance of trees.”} }] }

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And the earth is connected to them to maintain a natural balance. In this essay on save trees, we are discussing the reason why our friends need saving. They nourish us and protect us in many ways. Also, they keep our environment green and clean. So, it becomes our responsibility to repay them for the things they do for us by saving them.

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Essay on Playground for Children in English for School Students

Essay on Playground in 500 Words

Physical Development

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The School Playground

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Essay on School Playground

100 Words Essay on School Playground

Playground as a Learning Space

Playground and Mental Health

250 Words Essay on School Playground

Playgrounds as a Social Hub

Physical and Mental Health Benefits

Encouraging Creativity and Imagination

Challenges and Opportunities

500 Words Essay on School Playground

The Role of Playgrounds in Physical Development

Playgrounds as Social Arenas

The Educational Value of Playgrounds

Playgrounds as Spaces for Inclusion

The Future of School Playgrounds

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English Essay, Paragraph on “A Scene at the Playground” Essay in 300 words for class 8, 9, 10, and 12 Students.

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Class – 9 English Guide [Teachers’ Notes] New Curriculum

Introduction

Audio For Listening

Unit – I Travel and Holidays

Reading II Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

Unit 2 Health and Hygiene

Reading II – Health is Wealth

Unit -III Family, Market and Public Place

Reading I – Thomas & Jerry

Reading II – Dance

Unit 4- Life and Death

Reading II – Crossing the Bar

Unit 5 – Ethics, Norms and Values

Unit 6 Custom and Culture

Reading – I Sky Burials

Reading II Surprising Culture

Unit 7 Ecology and Environment

Reading I How do Animals Spend the Winter?

Unit 8 Science and Technology

Reading I Humanoid Robot Sophia

Grammar – I

Unit 9 Science and Technology