convergence hypothesis ap human geography example

AP® Human Geography

Concentric zone model: ap® human geography crash course review.

• The Albert Team
• Last Updated On: March 1, 2022

Introduction

Today, we’ll cover the Concentric Zone Model. When we talk about different groups of people and different parts of town as being business districts, residential districts or even working class districts, most people don’t think of them as concentric zones. Concentric zones are a model of the way that different social groups are arranged within a city, and a general representation is found in nearly all cities. There are reasons for this of course, and we’ll talk about the reasons that certain parts of a community are located within specific zones and how these zones tend to be created throughout the course of this AP® Human geography study guide .

What is the Concentric Zone Model?

Have you ever really looked around your neighborhood and thought about it? Most people don’t think about it a lot, but they do have different terms for different parts of the neighborhood. For example, downtown is the business area or on the ‘outskirts of town’ might be the ‘suburbs.’ These terms that we use are just the more common method of using a concentric zone model. But of course, for the purposes of the AP® exam , you will likely need a more direct understanding.

According to the concentric zone model, there are five different ‘zones’ in any given city. The first zone, the one at the very center of everything, is the central business district. Next, would be the zone of transition, then the working class residential district, the upper-class residential district and the commuter zone. The entire theory was created by a sociologist named Ernest Burgess in 1923, as a method of describing the way that different people come to exist within specific regions.

The Concentric Zones

Burgess started his research with the city of Chicago, a large city that fit very well with his view of how cities are developed. As the first sociologist to consider why specific social groups locate themselves within certain regions, he developed this theory as a way to explain it. His theory considers a bulls-eye pattern that each city is made from and which represents different groups of people (as we mentioned) who reside in each of those locations. It also considers somewhat why these individuals are located there and what each region is representative of.

The Zone of Transition

This is the first zone that appears once we leave the central business district, this zone was considered one with a mixture of residential buildings and commercial businesses. As a result, it’s somewhat of a transition area where you never really know what to expect. It’s also the region where the most people live and, as a result, it tends to have more rental properties, more poverty and higher crime rates. Not only that but it also tends to have higher rates of immigrant groups.

The Working Class Residential District

The Working Class Residential District is the one that the majority of people live in because it’s a blue-collar, working class neighborhood. These are the people you normally think of because they have single family homes and a large group of people as well. It’s smaller than the last zone we talked about, but it’s the one that most of us are part of, at least in the beginning of our careers. This is where most of the people don’t have a lot of education, but they could be working on getting additional education. Their jobs just tend to not use higher level education or degrees.

The Educated Residential District

As you start moving up the ladder, you may find more people from the Educated Residential District. These are the people who have more education and tend to have higher level degrees. Because of that they also have a little better living standard. These are the people who live in a larger house and have bigger yards at the same time. Because they’ve got a little more money, their standard of living is higher, and they’re definitely going to have more ability to do the things they want. Here we’re in the fourth ring of the model itself, and as you get higher education and jobs, this could be where you live too.

The Commuter Zone

Here you’re going to have the rich people in town. These are the people you see mostly with big beautiful homes. The ones that you probably wish you could afford and the giant yards with every luxury. These are people who live on the outskirts of basically everything. They’re far away from the city center but usually they have jobs that are close to the city. Because they have more money though they are able to commute to those areas when they need to. It’s all because they have more money that they choose to commute more. There are few people in this region because most people aren’t able to afford the lifestyle.

The Problems with the Concentric Zone Model

Most of the larger cities do have this type of setup, but it really doesn’t apply to smaller cities. The truth is even with some larger cities this isn’t even true anymore (even though it may have been in the 1920’s when it started). That’s because if we look at larger cities, we see that this is the way they were originally created, but over time there are a whole lot of things that change about how cities are represented. The modern method of establishing or even changing cities around is really changing a whole lot for most people, especially when it comes to population density.

One of the reasons that affect concentric zone model is that landscapes tend to change now where they didn’t a long time ago. Because of this, people move around, and they tend to locate in different regions. Moreover, they tend to relocate into a different area as the landscape changes. Another reason is that most businesses are moving around, and many of them are located in other parts of the city rather than just the center. We don’t have to go to just one specific area of a city to find what we want now. What’s even more important is that business districts are starting to branch out and spread out roots, even if they do still have a stronger basis at the town centers.

Things like gentrification, regeneration and development also change the way that richer people live too. A lot of people with more money aren’t staying in the outer regions of the city either. A lot of bigger buildings and homes are now being built in areas that are actually closer to the city center, which means different zones are changing a lot. People who we would consider ‘commuters’ because of their abilities and money are actually moving into the cities, and that changes the way the zones really work.

Concentric Zones and Population Density

Of course, concentric zones have a lot to do with the density of population in specific areas. Different zones have different population densities. As you move away from the center zones the population gets smaller. Commuter zones are a lot smaller than Working Class Residential zones because there are a lot more people who tend to have lower level degrees and education than people who are higher level. This happens with all the zones that are smaller in shape because the closer to the city center the more it’s assumed people will live there, and of course, fewer people have a lot of wealth to spend on their housing.

The Concentric Zone Model on the AP® Human Geography Exam

When taking the AP® Human Geography exam , you may be required to look at maps of the Concentric Zone Model to identify different layers or rings of the model with their corresponding titles. You will have to consider the layout of the rings and remember that the model is designed as a bulls-eye where the smaller rings are in the center, but the smaller rings also represent the highest level of population density.

Some questions related to the Concentric Zone Model may also relate to understanding of who would live in most areas or what examples may be of certain density areas. For example, looking at a series of definitions related to different types of people you should be able to understand which zone they would represent or live in.

Given an American suburb with beautiful open spaces and large land, a metropolitan area with apartments located above the shops or a group of people who live in nice homes outside the city proper but still within the main area, which zone would the people live in

The right answer for the above would be: Commuter Zone.

Overall, you have to understand different people that make up each of the zones within the model. You should also ensure that you understand the order of the zones and how their layout relates to population density. In general, the larger the circle, the fewer the people live there and the better the living standard. Hopefully, this AP® Human Geography study guide has helped you understand this model more clearly, including when and by whom it was invented and exactly what the zones really mean.

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Cultural Convergence: 10 Examples and Definition

Gregory Paul C. (MA)

Gregory Paul C. is a licensed social studies educator, and has been teaching the social sciences in some capacity for 13 years. He currently works at university in an international liberal arts department teaching cross-cultural studies in the Chuugoku Region of Japan. Additionally, he manages semester study abroad programs for Japanese students, and prepares them for the challenges they may face living in various countries short term.

Learn about our Editorial Process

Chris Drew (PhD)

This article was peer-reviewed and edited by Chris Drew (PhD). The review process on Helpful Professor involves having a PhD level expert fact check, edit, and contribute to articles. Reviewers ensure all content reflects expert academic consensus and is backed up with reference to academic studies. Dr. Drew has published over 20 academic articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education and holds a PhD in Education from ACU.

Cultural convergence is the process by which two or more cultures begin to blend together, resulting in the sharing of values, beliefs, customs, and behaviors.

It can occur as a result of globalization, modern advances in technology, through cultural intermarriage, or environmental and territorial changes to a group of people’s region or country.

Examples of cultural convergence include global blending of music preferences, standardization of sports rules for international sporting events, and blending of religious beliefs.

Cultural Convergence Definition

Convergence theory supports that the more interaction two countries have each other, the higher the potential that their similarities or shared interests will increase.

Simply put, the more that cultures interact,the more their ideologies, entertainment, and way of thinking will start to reflect each other.

The internet, social media, and other technological advancements have enabled people around the world to become less disconnected, and more like a global village, where people of all cultures and backgrounds are able to freely interact and exchange ideas.

This has had a profound impact on our lives and has changed the way we interact, consume, produce, and even think.

Speaking on the importance of cultural convergence, and similarly globalization, Marber (2009) writes:

“ If the world is going to continue to grow sustainably and pull the remaining poor out of deprivation, we must begin to recognize the complex interactions and interconnections that constitute the blur- ring new millennium—one in which countries are clearly separate yet inexorably bound in a global system at the same time ” (p.xv).

Examples of Cultural Convergence

• Music – The rise of the K-pop industry, the global popularity of hip-hop/rap music, and the “viral meme song” Tik-Tok subculture exemplify cultural convergence on a global scale.
• Movies and Entertainment – Thanks to worldwide streaming media platforms like Netflix, Hulu, or Amazon Prime, movies and television series from many different countries are able to reach a global audience instantly.
• Cuisine: Cuisine from different countries and cultures have become increasingly popular in in all corners of the world. In most major cities around the world, you can find Japanese, Indian, Korean, Chinese, or any other variety of world cuisine.
• Education: International, and multicultural “English” schools as a sought-after alternative in some Asian/Southeast Asian countries.
• Language: World languages and language learning tools have become increasingly accessible to anyone with internet access, this has promoted both cross-cultural communication and understanding.
• Mobility and Cultural Convergence : When one population of people move or emigrate to another area, creating a blend of cultures.  
• Syncretism ( Religion ) : During specific periods of history different religions have converged and cooperated despite their difference in beliefs. In the 21st century people from all different religious beliefs and backgrounds work together, maintain deep friendships and relationships, and co-exist peacefully with one another.
• News Media and Journalism: Technology has allowed us to connect with people from all over the world, creating a global network of ideas and opinions; this is especially the case in how the news and media reach their audience.
• Literature: Books are translated into other languages, and in turn, it allows readers from all over the world to get a better understanding of a culture, traditions, and way of thinking.
• Sports: Sports are a global phenomenon. Global Sporting events like the Olympics and the World Cup are examples of cultural convergence through competition.
• Glocalization : A phenomenon that occurs when globalized culture is embraced but adapted for a local audience.
• McDonaldization: The spread of standardized approaches to business, education, and other sectors through the use of economic rationalization .

Cultural Convergence Case Studies

The cultural convergence that has occurred in music has been largely due to the instant access to music that technology provides.

This cultural convergence has opened up a wide range of possibilities for musicians and music fans alike.

Artists are now able to collaborate with other musicians from different countries, and fans can easily access music from all corners of the globe. In this way, globalization has made music more accessible and more diverse than ever before.

Hong & Dal (2021) explain what happened in the case of Korean music throughout the 1970`s. As a result of the exposure to Anglo-American music, Korean popular music went through phases that ranged from consumption, to copying, to finally creating unique Korean versions of many popular songs.

For example, when people from Korea were exposed to acoustic folk music from US and UK musicians like Carole King, Joni Mitchell, and James Taylor in the 60s and 70s, a few Korean musicians such as CHO Young-nam, SONG Chang-sik and YOON Hyung- joo began to cover these songs with Korean lyrics.

During this process, other artists started to make their own acoustic folk music that was reflective of Korean culture. They borrowed some elements of American music, and created a new blended genre with Korean lyrics and deeper meaning (pp. 81-84).

2. Education

Cultural convergence in education is an important aspect of life in Asia today.

To meet the needs of a globalized economy, a large number of educational institutions (from elementary to the tertiary level) offer specialized courses with many focusing on the development of cultural competency, specifically in English lingua franca.

Additionally, the rise of the internet and social media has enabled students to access educational materials from universities and organizations all over the world, resulting in the sharing of learning methods and ideas.

Education research analyst from Thailand, Padunchewit (2014), says:

“…global competence is simply having an open mind while actively seeking to understand cultural norms and expectations of others and leveraging this knowledge to become adept at interacting, communicating and working effectively outside one’s environment” (p. 37).

He feels that international schools across Asia are an emerging concept that give students an education helping them understand the concept of global citizenship, multiculturalism , and global-mindedness (pp. 33-34).

3. Mobility and Cultural Convergence

Mobility has been a part of human history since the dawn of time. People have been migrating from one place to another for thousands of years, seeking out new opportunities and better lives.

Mobility can also have a major impact on the way cultures interact and merge. This can often have a positive effect on our societies, as it helps to break down barriers and foster a sense of cross-cultural understanding.

Nan (2021) refers to the concept of cultural convergence through mobility in the context of “immigrant cities”.

He uses the example of the Northwestern Chinese city, Shenzhen. He states “Today, Shenzhen’s lifestyle, values, and cultural characteristics are fundamentally different from traditional local culture because the immigration culture gives society a new color and identity”(p. 67).

The influx of other non-Chinese and Chinese people from various regions in the 1980’s, created substantial changes to the way language was spoken (both Mandarin and Cantonese), to the local cuisine, and to culture and entertainment (pp. 66-69).

4. Religion

M ixing of Buddhist and Hindu beliefs in India, or the adoption of Christianity in South Korea or in small demographics within Japan are examples of cultural convergence via religion .

In the 21st century, globalization has also led to greater exposure to different faiths, and opened avenues of learning about them through multi-lingual religious texts.

History also provides a window into convergence, showing not only how religious conflict has caused shifts in culture, but how cooperation has benefitted mutual understanding and peace.

Laskier and Lev (2011) explore this theme in a book compilation titled “The Convergence of Judaism and Islam: Religious, Scientific, and Cultural Dimensions”.

Through this book, various writers show the mutual cultural and social cooperation between Judaism and Islam. The book gives examples of how during an 800-year time-frame (roughly 500-1300) a a period of “productive Jewish-Arab symbiosis” existed.

Through this duration, Muslim faith and Arab nationalism were shaped by Jewish impact in the earlier part, while traditional Judaism was finally refined by Muslim-Arab influence in the later half (pp. 11-13).

5. News Media and Journalism

N ews media and the world of journalism have undergone a cultural convergence over the past decade.

Social media has enabled news to be shared faster and more widely than ever before, and it has given people the power to become part of the news-making process.

Journalists no longer have sole control over the news that is published, as readers and their threaded comments are now a part of the process.

This convergence has also changed the way news is delivered, as news outlets switch to digital formats to reach larger audiences.

Jenkins (2006) refers to media as entire “culture systems”, and technology as the “delivery system” for these culture systems.

He claims that media convergence is more than just a social shift, convergence “alters the logic by which media industries operate and by which media consumers process news and entertainment”(p. 16).

The hand-held, multi-functional, and interactive cell phone is used as the prime example of the ultimate “delivery system” for culture systems.

Cultural Convergence vs Cultural Divergence

There are also instances in which cultures diverge . This is often a result of ruptures in communication, emergent religious divides, wars, and other events that can disrupt cultural continuity. We call this cultural divergence .

For example, North Korea and South Korea were, prior to the Korean civil war, were a relatively united culture. But after the war, communication divides and separate political and economic systems saw the cultures diverging.

Similarly, diaspora (cultural groups who migrate from their homelands) may develop their own unique cultures that are separate from the cultures in their homelands.

Berry, Heather, et al. “Is There Convergence Across Countries? A Spatial Approach.” Journal of International Business Studies , vol. 45, no. 4, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Feb. 2014, pp. 387–404. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2013.72.

Hay, J., & Couldry, N. (2011). Re-thinking convergence/culture.  Cultural Studies ,  25 (4–5), 473–486.  https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2011.600527

Hong, S.K., & Dal Y.J. (2021). Transnational Convergence of East Asian Pop Culture (Routledge Research in Digital Media and Culture in Asia) . 1st ed., Routledge.

Jenkins, H. (2006).  Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide . NYU Press.

Laskier, M. M., & Lev, Y. (2011b).  The Convergence of Judaism and Islam: Religious, Scientific, and Cultural Dimensions  (1st ed.). University Press of Florida.

Marber, P. (2009).  Seeing the Elephant: Understanding Globalization from Trunk to Tail  (1st ed.). Wiley.

Nan, H. (2021). Mobility and Cultural Convergence in the Context of Modernity—A Case Study of the Immigrant City: Shenzhen. International Journal of Frontiers in Sociology ,  3 (19).  https://doi.org/10.25236/ijfs.2021.031913

Padunchewit, J. (2014) “Cultural Convergence Amidst Diversity: The Role of Strategic Communication in the Promotion of Intercultural Literacy at the American School of Bangkok, Thailand.” NIDA Case Research Journal , Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 33–80

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Cultural Convergence in Geography: Exploring the Confluence of Cultures

• by Brandon Thompson
• October 19, 2023

Welcome to our blog post on the fascinating concept of cultural convergence in geography! In this age of globalization, the world seems to be getting smaller, and cultural boundaries are becoming more fluid. It is increasingly important to understand how different cultures interact with one another, and that’s where cultural convergence comes into play.

Cultural convergence refers to the blending and coming together of various cultural aspects from different parts of the world. Over time, cultural convergence has been shaped by factors such as technological advancements , migration, trade, and communication. This convergence can lead to the exchange of ideas, traditions, languages, and even values among different societies .

In this blog post, we will delve into the intricacies of cultural convergence, its relationship with globalization, and how it impacts our world today. We will explore the contrast between cultural convergence and cultural divergence, using real-life examples to illustrate these concepts. So, join us on this journey as we uncover the dynamic nature of cultures and the forces that shape them in the 21st century!

What is cultural convergence in geography?

Cultural convergence in geography refers to the process through which different cultures become similar or start to share common traits, ideas, and practices. It is like a cultural potluck party where each culture brings its unique dish, and over time, flavors blend, new recipes are born, and everyone ends up with a plate full of delightful surprises.

Understanding cultural convergence

Cultural convergence occurs as a result of various factors, such as globalization, advances in technology, improved transportation systems, and the interconnectedness of societies. It’s like a giant game of cultural tag, where ideas, beliefs, and customs get passed around and spread like wildfire.

Blend it like Beckham

Think about it this way: cultural convergence is like the Spice Girls’ hit song “Wannabe” spreading across the world. It doesn’t matter if you’re in New York or Tokyo, chances are you can catch people chanting “I’ll tell you what I want, what I really, really want!” That’s the power of cultural convergence – it brings people together through shared experiences, whether it’s music, fashion, or even a love for cheesy pop songs.

From sushi to burgers

Cultural convergence can be observed in our daily lives. Just take a look at the food we eat. Sushi bars in the heart of Texas? Absolutely! Hamburgers in the bustling streets of Tokyo? You betcha! These culinary fusions are living proof of cultural convergence in action. Our taste buds have become the ultimate cultural travelers, embracing diverse flavors from all corners of the globe.

The language of convergence

Language is another area where cultural convergence leaves its mark. English, once confined to its British and American roots, has spread its linguistic wings and become a global language. Thanks to movies, music, and the internet, English has become the lingua franca of the modern world. It’s like a linguistic potluck, where English words and phrases get mixed and matched with other languages, creating a linguistic feast that leaves even the strictest grammarian salivating.

The cultural melting pot

The United States, often referred to as a melting pot of cultures, exemplifies the concept of cultural convergence. People from every corner of the Earth have come together to form a vibrant tapestry of traditions, beliefs, and customs. From Chinese New Year parades in New York City to Cinco de Mayo celebrations in Los Angeles, the melting pot is alive and thriving.

Embracing diversity

Cultural convergence is not about assimilating into one homogeneous culture; it’s about celebrating diversity while finding common ground. It’s like a delicious buffet where you can try a bit of everything and appreciate the flavors of different cultures without losing your own identity. Embracing cultural convergence means being open-minded, curious, and willing to learn from one another.

In conclusion

Cultural convergence in geography is a fascinating process that brings cultures closer together, creating a world that is interconnected and enriched by the diversity of its people. So let’s embrace cultural convergence like a warm hug from a long-lost friend, and celebrate the beautiful tapestry of cultures that make our world so vibrant and alive.

FAQ: What is Cultural Convergence in Geography?

In today’s globalized world, cultural convergence plays a significant role in shaping our societies. Understanding this concept is crucial when examining the interactions between different cultures and their impacts on geography. In this FAQ-style guide, we’ll answer some common questions about cultural convergence, explore its meaning, and provide examples to help you grasp its significance.

What is Cultural Convergence in AP Human Geography

Cultural convergence in AP Human Geography refers to the process by which different cultures blend together, adopting similar characteristics and practices. It occurs when cultural elements, such as ideas, beliefs, customs, or technologies, spread and influence other cultures through interactions, migration, trade, or media.

How Does Culture Converge or Diverge Over Time

Cultural convergence occurs when cultures embrace and adopt elements from other cultures, leading to a blending of practices and beliefs. This can happen through various channels, such as international trade, migration, technological advancements, or the influence of media. On the other hand, cultural divergence takes place when cultures develop unique characteristics and practices, resulting in distinct cultural identities.

What is Cultural Divergence in Geography

Cultural divergence in geography refers to the process by which cultures differentiate themselves from each other over time. It is the opposite of cultural convergence, as cultures diverge and develop unique customs, traditions, and belief systems. Cultural divergence may arise due to geographical barriers, political isolation, or the desire to preserve cultural heritage.

What is the Difference Between Convergence and Divergence in Globalization

In the context of globalization, convergence refers to the blending and harmonization of cultural practices, resulting in increased similarities among cultures. Divergence, on the other hand, highlights the preservation and development of unique cultural identities within globalization, emphasizing the differences between cultures.

What is Culture? Cultural Diffusion? Cultural Convergence? Cultural Divergence

• Culture : Culture is the collective knowledge, beliefs, customs, arts, and social institutions of a particular group or society.
• Cultural Diffusion : Cultural diffusion is the spread of cultural elements, such as ideas, practices, or technologies, from one society to another.
• Cultural Convergence : Cultural convergence is the assimilation or blending of cultural elements from different societies, resulting in increased similarities.
• Cultural Divergence : Cultural divergence is the process by which cultures differentiate themselves, developing unique characteristics and practices.

What is Cultural Convergence in World Geography

Cultural convergence in world geography refers to the global phenomenon of cultures becoming more alike due to increased interactions, trade, migration, and technological advancements. It signifies the homogenization of cultural practices on a global scale.

What is the Difference Between Cultural Divergence and Cultural Convergence

Cultural divergence focuses on the differentiation and preservation of unique cultural identities, leading to distinct practices and beliefs. In contrast, cultural convergence highlights the blending and assimilation of cultural elements between different societies, resulting in increased similarities.

What is Meant by the Term Convergence

In the context of cultural convergence, the term “convergence” refers to the process of cultures coming together, adopting similar practices, and assimilating elements from other cultures. It showcases a movement towards a shared cultural framework.

What is an Example of Cultural Convergence

A popular example of cultural convergence is the influence of American fast-food chains like McDonald’s and KFC on global diets and dining habits. These restaurants have successfully assimilated into numerous cultures worldwide, adapting their menus and practices to local preferences while still retaining their core branding.

What is a Cultural Convergence Essay

A cultural convergence essay explores the concept of cultural convergence, examining the factors that contribute to its occurrence, its impact on societies and individuals, and the resulting changes in cultural practices and beliefs. It typically analyzes specific examples and provides a broader understanding of the global cultural landscape.

What is Cultural Convergence and How Did it Occur

Cultural convergence is the blending of cultural elements from different societies. It occurs through interactions, trade, migration, and technological advancements. The ease of communication and rapid dissemination of information through the internet and social media platforms have accelerated the process of cultural convergence in recent times.

What is Cultural Cohesion in AP Human Geography

Cultural cohesion in AP Human Geography refers to the degree of unity and similarity within a particular culture. It measures the strength of shared values, beliefs, and practices among individuals within a society.

What is Cultural Convergence in Globalization

Cultural convergence in globalization refers to the phenomenon of cultures becoming more interconnected and sharing common practices and values. It reflects the blending of cultural elements on a global scale, resulting from increased interactions and the flow of information across borders.

What Are Examples of Cultural Divergence

• The Amish community in the United States, known for maintaining traditional practices and resisting modern technologies, represents an example of cultural divergence.
• The preservation of indigenous languages and customs among Native American tribes demonstrates cultural divergence, as these groups strive to maintain their unique identities despite outside influences.

What is Convergence? Why is it Important

Convergence refers to the coming together and blending of different elements. In the context of cultural convergence, it signifies the assimilation of cultural practices and beliefs from various societies. It is important as it fosters global understanding, cultural exchange, and the development of new ideas through the sharing of diverse perspectives.

Are Cultures Converging or Diverging

Cultures are experiencing both convergence and divergence simultaneously. Globalization has led to increased cultural convergence, as cultures adopt elements from one another. However, local and regional identities and traditions continue to be preserved, resulting in cultural divergence.

Who Made Convergence and Divergence

The concepts of cultural convergence and divergence were developed by scholars in the field of cultural geography and anthropology. However, these ideas are the result of observations and analyses of cultural interactions throughout history.

Which is an Example of Cultural Convergence

One example of cultural convergence is the widespread adoption of yoga practices in Western societies. Originating from ancient Indian traditions, yoga has been embraced globally, with people from different cultures practicing and blending it into their daily routines.

Why Does Cultural Globalization Refer to the Convergence of Business and Consumer Culture

Cultural globalization refers to the worldwide flow and exchange of cultural elements. It involves the diffusion of consumer culture, including products, brands, and advertising, which contributes to the convergence of business and consumer practices. This convergence is driven by the desires and demands of a global consumer market.

What is Cultural Divergence in AP Human Geography? Can You Provide an Example

In AP Human Geography, cultural divergence refers to the process by which cultures develop unique characteristics and practices, differentiating themselves from other cultures. An example of cultural divergence is the case of North Korea, where the country’s political isolation has led to the preservation of its distinct culture, customs, and beliefs.

What Increases Cultural Convergence

Several factors contribute to cultural convergence, including: – Increased global travel and migration, leading to cultural exchanges. – Technological advancements, facilitating the spread of information and cultural influences. – Economic interdependence and international trade, promoting cultural interaction. – The rise of social media and the internet, connecting people globally and facilitating the sharing of ideas.

What is the Difference Between Cultural Convergence and Hybridization

Cultural convergence involves the blending and assimilation of cultural elements from different societies, resulting in increased similarities. On the other hand, hybridization refers to the creation of new cultural forms that arise from the mixing and combination of various traditions, resulting in unique practices and expressions.

What is Convergence Culture? Is Participatory Culture an Important Part of Media Convergence? Elaborate in Detail.

Convergence culture refers to the merging of media technologies, practices, and content. It involves the integration of different media platforms and encourages participation and engagement from consumers. Participatory culture is indeed an essential part of media convergence, as it allows individuals to actively contribute, share, and collaborate in the production and consumption of media content. This active participation enhances the overall media experience and reflects the dynamic nature of contemporary media consumption.

What is Cultural Convergence in Quizlet

In Quizlet, cultural convergence refers to the assimilation of cultural practices and beliefs from different societies. It highlights the blending of cultural elements and the resulting increase in similarities between cultures.

What is Cultural Convergence

Cultural convergence is the assimilation and blending of cultural elements from different societies. It signifies the movement towards a shared cultural framework, resulting in increased similarities between cultures.

Understanding cultural convergence and its implications in geography is essential for comprehending the complexity of our interconnected world. By exploring the concept, examples, and distinctions from cultural divergence, we gain insight into the diverse dynamics and influences that shape our cultures. So, embrace the converging world and celebrate the fusion of ideas!

• cultural boundaries
• cultural convergence
• cultural divergence
• cultural elements
• different cultures
• different societies
• fascinating concept
• globalization
• interactions
• real-life examples

Brandon Thompson

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APHG: UNIT 3.1 VOCAB

This is unit 3 with concepts of culture, folk, pop, and language.

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• Macroeconomics Syllabus
• Microeconomics Syllabus
• AP Economics Classroom Policy & Expectations
• AP ECONOMICS: Student Resources
• AP Human Geography Syllabus
• AP Human Geography Class Policies & Expectations
• World History ADV Classroom Policy &Expectations
• World History ADV Syllabus

, , and others             (Cultural Patterns and Processes) Geographies of Local (Folk) and Pop Culture and Cultural Landscapes webpage to attempt to define cultural regions using linguistic differences among users of soft drinks K. EXAM III – Multiple Choice and Free Response   , 2 , 3 , biotechnology, biogenetics, cloning, genetically modified foods Edition of to ascertain what crops are grown where and in what quantities – study of meat processing and the rise of agribusiness and – study of modern agricultural mechanization and hybridization of crops to allow for machine harvest F. EXAM VI – Multiple Choice and Free Response F. EXAM VII – Multiple Choice and Free Response Students whose schedules conflict will take an alternative AP exam on assigned late-testing date (TBD by College Board)   Advertisement The Convergence Hypothesis: History, Theory, and Evidence Published: January 1998 Volume 9 , pages 85–105, ( 1998 ) Cite this article Farhad Rassekh 1   1844 Accesses 42 Citations 3 Altmetric Explore all metrics The hypothesis that per capita output converges across economies over time represents one of the oldest controversies in economics. This essay surveys the history and development of the hypothesis, focusing particularly on its vast literature since the mid-1980s. A summary of empirical analyses, econometric issues, and various tests of the convergence hypothesis are also presented. Moreover, the essay analyzes the implications of the hypothesis for economic growth, especially as it relates to underdeveloped economies. This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access. Access this article Subscribe and save. Get 10 units per month Download Article/Chapter or eBook 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter Cancel anytime Price includes VAT (Russian Federation) Instant access to the full article PDF. Rent this article via DeepDyve Institutional subscriptions Similar content being viewed by others Econometric Aspects of Convergence: A Survey The empirics of economic growth over time and across nations: a unified growth perspective Economic Growth, Empirical Regularities in Abramovitz, Moses (1979) “Rapid Growth Potential and its Realization: The Experience of the Capitalist Economies in the Postwar Period.” In Edmond Malinvaud (ed.) Economic Growth and Resources , London and New York: MacMillan Press, vol. I. Google Scholar   ——— (1986) “Catching Up, Forging Ahead, and Falling Behind,” Journal of Economic History , pp. 385–406. Abramovitz, Moses and Paul A. David (1996) “Convergence and Deferred Catch-Up-Productivity Leadership and the waning of American Exceptionalism.” In Ralph Landau, Timothy Taylor, and Gavin Wright (eds.) The Mosaic of Economic Growth , Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 21–62. Barro, Robert J. and Xavier Sala-i-Martin (1995) Economic Growth . New York: McGraw-Hill. Baumol, William J. (1986) “Productivity Growth, Convergence, and Welfare: What the Long-Run Data Show,” American Economic Review 76(5), 1072–85. ——— (1994) “Multivariate Growth Patterns: Contagion and Common Forces as Possible Sources of Convergence.” In William Baumol, Richard Nelson, and Edward Wolff (eds.) Convergence of Productivity: Cross-National Studies and Historical Evidence , Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 62–85. Baumol, William J., Sue Anne Batey Blackman, and Edward N. Wolff (1989), Productivity and American Leadership , Cambridge,MA: MIT Press. Ben-David, Dan (1995a) “Measuring Income Convergence: An Alternative Test.” Tel Aviv University, Working Paper, pp. 41–95. ——— (1995b) “Convergence Clubs and Subsistence Economies,” Mimeograph, Tel Aviv University. ——— (1996) “Trade and Convergence Among Countries,” Journal of International Economics 40, 279–298. Ben-David, Dan and Michael B. Loewy (1996) “Free Trade and Long-Run Growth.” Mimeograph, Tel Aviv University and University of Houston. Bernard, Andrew B. and Steven N. Durlauf (1995) “Convergence in International Output,” Journal of Applied Econometrics 10, 97–108. ——— (1996) “Interpreting Tests of the Convergence Hypothesis,” Journal of Econometrics 71, 161–173. Bernard, Andrew B. and Charles I. Jones (1996) “Comparing Apples to Oranges: Productivity Convergence and Measurement Across Industries and Countries,” American Economic Review 86(5), 1216–1238. Blomström, Mangus and Robert Lipsey (1996) “Multinational Firms and the Diffusion of Skills and Technology,” NBER Reporter , Summer, pp. 11–13. Blomström, Mangus, Robert Lipsey, and Mario Zejan (1996) “Is Fixed Investment the Key to Economic Growth?,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 111(1), 269–276. Caballero, Ricardo and Adam B. Jaffe (1993) “How High are the Giants' Shoulders: An Empirical Assessment of Knowledge Spillovers and Creative Destruction in a Model of Economic Growth,” NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1993 , Cambridge: MIT Press, pp. 15–74. De Long, Bradford (1988) “Productivity Growth, Convergence, and Welfare,” American Economic Review 78(5), 1138–54. Dollar, David and Edward N. Wolff (1993) Competitiveness, Convergence, and International Specialization . Cambridge: MIT Press. Dowrick, Steve and Duc-Tho Nguyen (1987) “Australia's Post-War Economic Growth: Measurement and International Comparison,” Canberra: Center for Economic Policy Research , Australian National University, Discussion Paper No. 160. Durlauf, Steven N. and Paul Johnson (1995) “Multiple Regimes and Cross-Country Growth Behavior,” Journal of Applied Econometrics 10, 365–384. Edwards, Sebastian (1993a) “Trade Policy, Exchange Rates and Growth.” NBER , Working Paper 4511. ——— (1993b) “Openness, Trade Liberalization, and Growth in Developing Countries,” Journal of Economic Literature 31(3), 1358–1393. Elmslie, Bruce T. (1994) “The Endogenous Nature of Technological Progress and Transfer in Adam Smith Thought,” History of Political Economy 26(4), 649–664. ——— (1995) “ Retrospectives: The Convergence Debate Between David Hume and Josiah Tucker,” Journal of Economic Perspective 9(4), 207–216. Evans, Paul and Georgios Karras (1996a) “Convergence Revisited,” Journal of Monetary Economics 37, 249–265. ——— (1996b) “Do Economies Converge? Evidence from a Panel of U. S. States,” Review of Economics and Statistics , Forthcoming. Friedman, Milton (1992) “Do Old Fallacies Ever Die?,” Journal of Economic Literature 30(4), 2129–2132. Gerschenkron, Alexander (1952) “Economic Bakwardness in Historical Perspective.” In Bert F. Hoselitz (ed.) The Progress of Underdeveloped Areas , Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 3–29. ——— (1962) Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, A Book of Essays . Cambridge: Belknap Press. Grossman, Gene M. and Elhanan Helpman (1994) “Endogeneous Innovation in the Theory of Growth,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 8(1), 23–44. Gruen, F. H. (1986) “How Bad is Australia's Economic Performance and Why?” Economic Record , pp. 180–193. von Hagen, Juergen (1989) “Relative Commodity Prices and Cointegration,” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 7(4), 497–503. Heckscher, Eli F. (1991) “The Effects of Foreign Trade on the Distribution of Income.” In Harry Flam and June Flanders (eds.) Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory , Cambridge: MIT Press. Hume, David (1758) Essays and Treatie's on Several Subjects . London: A. Millar. Inada, Ken-Ichi (1963) “On a Two-Sector Model of Economic Growth: Comments and a Generalization,” Review of Economic Studies 30, 119–127. Irwin, Douglas A. (1996) Against the Tide—An Intellectual History of Free Trade . Princeton: Princeton University Press. Krueger, Anne O. (1968) “Factor Endowments and Per Capita Income Differences Among Countries,” Economic Journal 78, 641–659. Lucas, Robert E., Jr. (1988) “On the Mechanics of Development Planning,” Journal of Monetary Economics 22(1), 3–42. Maddison, Angus (1982) Phases of Capitalist Development . New York: Oxford University Press. ——— (1987) “Growth and Slowdown in Advanced Capitalist Economies,” Journal of Economic Literature 25(2), 649–698. ——— (1995) Monitoring the World Economy 1820–1992. Paris: OECD. Magee, Stephen P., William Brock, and Leslie Young (1989) Black Hole Tariffs and Endogenous Policy Theory . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mankiw, N. Gregory, David Romer, and David Weil (1992) “A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 107(2), 407–437. Mansfield, Edwin (1985) “How Rapidly Does New Industrial Technology Leak out?,” Journal of Industrial Economics 34(2), 217–223. Mansfield, Edwin, Mark Schwartz, and Samuel Wagner (1981) “Imitation Costs and Patents: An Empirical Study,” Economic Journal 91, 907–918. McCloskey, Donald N. (1990) If You're So Smart . Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Meier, Gerald M. (1995) “International Trade and International Inequality.” In Gerald M. Meier (ed.) Leading Issues in Economic Development (1995) , Sixth edition, New York: Oxford University Press. Mill, John S. (1848) Principles of Political Economy , (1864 edition). Second volume, New York: D. Appleton and Company. Myrdal, Gunnar (1956) “Trade as a Mechanism of International Inequality.” In Gunnar Myrdal (ed.) Development and Underdevelopment , National Bank of Egypt Fiftieth Anniversary Commemoration Lectures, Cairo, 47–51. Reprinted in Gerald Meier (1995). Olson, Mancur (1982) The Rise and Decline of Nations . New Haven: Yale University Press. O'Rourke, Kevin, Alan Taylor, and Jeffrey G. Williamson (1996) “Factor Price Convergence in the Late Nineteenth Century,” International Economic Review 37(3), 499–530. Prebisch, Raul (1950) The Economic Development of Latin America and its Principal Problems . New York: United Nations. Pritchett, Lant (1997) “Divergence, Big Time.” Journal of Economic Perspective 11(3), 3–17. Quah, Danny T. (1993) “Galton's Fallacy and Tests of the Convergence Hypothesis,” Scandinavian Journal of Economics 95(4), 427–443. ——— (1996) “Empirics for Economic Growth and Convergence,” European Economic Review 40, 1353–1375. Rassekh, Farhad (1992) “The Role of International Trade in the Convergence of Per Capita GDP in the OECD: 1950–85,” International Economic Journal 6(4), 1–16. Rassekh, Farhad and Henry Thompson (1993)“Factor Price Equalization: Theory and Evidence,” Journal of Economic Integration 8(1), 1–32. ——— (1998) “Micro Convergence and Macro Convergence: Factor Price Equalization and Per Capita Income,” Pacific Economic Review, February, Forthcoming. Rassekh, Farhad, Michael J. Panik, and Bharat Kolluri (1997) “Some Aspects of Converging Economies of OECD, 1950–1990,” Mimeograph, University of Hartford. Romer, Paul M. (1986) “Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth,” Journal of Political Economy 94(5), 1002–1037. ——— (1994) “The Origins of Endogeneous Growth,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 8(1), 3–22. Romer, Henry S. (1996) “World Wealth Expanding: Why a Rich, Democratic, and (perhaps) Peaceful era is Ahead.” In Ralph Landau et al. (eds.) The Mosaic of Economic Growth , Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 92–125. Rowen, Henry S. (1996) “World Wealth Expanding: Why a Rich, Democratic, and (perhaps) Peaceful era is Ahead.” In Ralph Landau et al. (eds.) The Mosaic of Economic Growth , Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 92–125. Sachs, Jeffrey and Andrew Warner (1995) “Economic Convergence and Economic Policies.” NBER, Working Paper 5039. Sala-i-Martin, Xavier (1996) “Regional Cohesion: Evidence and Theories of Regional Growth and Convergence,” European Economic Review 40, 1325–1352. ——— (1997) “I Just Ran Two Million Regressions,” American Economic Review 87(2), 178–183. Samuelson, Paul A. (1948) “International Trade and the Equalization of Factor Prices,” Economic Journal 58, 163–184. Singer, Hans W. (1950) “The Distribution of Gains Between Investing and Borrowing Countries,” American Economic Review 40(2), 473–85. Slaughter, Matthew (1997) “Per Capita Income Convergence and the Role of International Trade,” American Economic Review 87(2), 194–199. Smith, Adam (1776) The Wealth of Nations , edited by Edwin Cannan (1937), New York: Random House. Solow, Robert M. (1956) “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 70(1), 65–94. Stokey, Nancy L. (1991) “The Volume and Composition of Trade Between Rich and Poor Countries,” Review of Economic Studies 58, 63–80. Teece, David J. (1977) “Technological Transfer by Multinational Firms: The Resource Cost of Transferring Technological Know-How,” Economic Journal 87, 242–261. Veblen, Thorstein (1915) Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution . New York: Macmillan. Williamson, Jeffrey (1996) “Globalization, Convergence, and History,” Journal of Economic History 56(2), 1–30. ——— (1997) “Globalization and Inequality Then and Now,” World Bank Research Observers , Forthcoming. Young Alwyn (1991) “Learning by Doing and the Dynamic Effects of International Trade,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 106, 369–405. Download references Author information Authors and affiliations. Department of Economics, Barney School of Business and Public Administration, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, 06117, U.S.A. Farhad Rassekh You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar Rights and permissions Reprints and permissions About this article Rassekh, F. The Convergence Hypothesis: History, Theory, and Evidence. Open Economies Review 9 , 85–105 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008279323832 Download citation Issue Date : January 1998 DOI : https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008279323832 Share this article Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative convergence technology transfer neoclassical growth model globalization income divergence Find a journal Publish with us Track your research 435 IMAGES AP Human Geography Case Studies in AP Human Geography by Social Studies with Mr Lukas Convergence Theory: 10 Examples and Definition (2024) Ch08 all macro__lecture_ppt PPT AP Human Geography- Example Review by AP Human Geography VIDEO Species Richness l Species Evenness l Biodiversity Measurement l Species Richness in English AP Human Geography Students… #aphg #aphumangeography 2022 Live Review 1 Hypothesis Writing in AP Biology Stating Hypotheses & Defining Parameters 6 COMMENTS AP Human Geography Unit 3 Part 1 Flashcards AP Human Geography Unit 3. Teacher 76 terms. garrett_love6. Preview. The Q by Amy Tintera Review Flashcards for Pages 98-150. Teacher 20 terms. Hillary_Moyer22. ... convergence hypothesis. a hypothesis holding that cultural differences among places are being reduced by improved transportation and communications systems, leading to a ... AP Human Geography Unit 3 Key Terms Flashcards Folk culture. Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups. Habit. A repetitive act performed by a particular individual. Key terms from unit 3 of AP Human Geography. Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. PDF Practice Exam 1 AP Human Geography Section I TIME: 60 minutes ... the convergence hypothesis (E) ethnogenesis 32. You would most expect to find a linguistic refuge area in a(n) ... in close proximity. This is an example of (A) deglomeration (D) purchasing-power parity (B) agglomeration (E) an urban heat island (C) an export-processing zone PDF AP Human Geography AP Human Geography - Student Samples from the 2023 Exam Administration. Question 3: Two Stimuli. 7 points. Describe ONE reason for the migration patterns shown on the map. Accept one of the following: A1. Seasonal migration (transhumance) to move herds to grazing lands and/or water sources. A2. PDF AP UNIT THREE: CULTURAL PATTERNS AND PROCESSES It is the combination of human activities. Each culture creates a distinctive cultural landscape. These landscapes are the combinations of physical features, agricultural and industrial practices, religious and linguistic characteristics, and other expressions of culture, like architecture. DIFFUSION. Contemporary Causes of Diffusion [AP Human Geography Unit 3 ... Need help reviewing for AP HUG?! Check out the AP Human Geography Ultimate Review Packet! A Packet made by Mr. Sinn to help you succeed not only on the AP Te... AP Human Geography Flashcards Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like time space convergence, microstate, fragmented state and more. ... 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Concentric Zone Model: AP® Human Geography Crash Course When taking the AP® Human Geography exam, you may be required to look at maps of the Concentric Zone Model to identify different layers or rings of the model with their corresponding titles. You will have to consider the layout of the rings and remember that the model is designed as a bulls-eye where the smaller rings are in the center, but ... AP Human Geography Exam Questions If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected]. The 2020 free-response questions are available in the AP Classroom question bank. Download free-response questions from past AP Human Geography ... PDF AP® Human Geography Advanced Placement Human Geography Sample Syllabus #1. AP® Human Geography is a yearlong course that contains seven units of study as outlined in the 2019 Course and Exam Description (CED) published by the College Board. The units in the CED focus on topics including thinking geographically, population and migration, culture, political ... Cultural Divergence & Convergence Cultural divergence. Religion is a part of many people's lives. Religion can be very influential to a culture with the values and moral standards outlined in the belief system. Sometimes religious beliefs can clash with popular culture, forcing the faithful members of certain cultures to practice cultural divergence. PDF Ap Unit Two: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes TADemography is the statistical study of human populations. Demographers analyze data about human populations—data ab. ut gender, age, health, birth and death rates, among others. Populations. can change for three reasons: births, deaths, a. d migration. 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Free AP Human Geography Flashcards about APHG: UNIT 3.1 VOCAB Transmitted as a Heritage to succeeding generations and undergoing adoptions, modifications, and changes in the process. A collective term for group displaying uniform characteristics. Study free AP Human Geography flashcards about APHG: UNIT 3.1 VOCAB created by Mrs.LydiaKirk to improve your grades. AP Human Geography Examples of Geographic Activities for Unit One ... Language terminology - standard language, dialect, groups, families, isogloss, language (family, group, divergence & convergence), Renfrew hypothesis, Indo-European languages; Language theories & diffusion - agricultural, dispersal & conquest theories ... AP Human Geography: Thursday, May 4 ... PDF The Convergence Hypothesis: History, Theory, and Evidence The sources of convergence. Abramovitz and David (1996: 21) provide a succinct definition of the conver-gence hypothesis, "Under certain conditions, being behind gives a productivity laggard the ability to grow faster than the early leader. This is the main con-tention of the 'convergence hypothesis'.''. Cultural Convergence Overview & Examples What are three examples of cultural convergence? The spread of the English language is the largest example of cultural convergence. Because of the economic impact of the United States and Great ... AP Human Geography Vocab Chapter 6 Flashcards global language. the language used most commonly around the world; defined on the basis of either the number of speakers of the language, or the prevalence of use in commerce and trade. place. the fourth theme of Geography as defined by the GENIP; uniqueness of a location. toponym. Perspectives on Cultural Geography in AP ® Human Geography This article provides an overview of selected current concerns in cultural geography and the way it is taught. It includes coverage of cultural convergence and divergence, race and gender as culturally defined topics, and best teaching practices, including those related to analyzing controversial issues. PDF AP Human Geography Guide %PDF-1.7 %µµµµ 1 0 obj >/Metadata 2717 0 R/ViewerPreferences 2718 0 R>> endobj 2 0 obj > endobj 3 0 obj >/ExtGState >/Font >/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC ... assignment essay homework paper phd report resume review speech thesis