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Persuasive Speech Outline, with Examples

March 17, 2021 - Gini Beqiri

A persuasive speech is a speech that is given with the intention of convincing the audience to believe or do something. This could be virtually anything – voting, organ donation, recycling, and so on.

A successful persuasive speech effectively convinces the audience to your point of view, providing you come across as trustworthy and knowledgeable about the topic you’re discussing.

So, how do you start convincing a group of strangers to share your opinion? And how do you connect with them enough to earn their trust?

Topics for your persuasive speech

We’ve made a list of persuasive speech topics you could use next time you’re asked to give one. The topics are thought-provoking and things which many people have an opinion on.

When using any of our persuasive speech ideas, make sure you have a solid knowledge about the topic you’re speaking about – and make sure you discuss counter arguments too.

Here are a few ideas to get you started:

• All school children should wear a uniform
• Facebook is making people more socially anxious
• It should be illegal to drive over the age of 80
• Lying isn’t always wrong
• The case for organ donation

Read our full list of  75 persuasive speech topics and ideas .

Preparation: Consider your audience

As with any speech, preparation is crucial. Before you put pen to paper, think about what you want to achieve with your speech. This will help organise your thoughts as you realistically can only cover 2-4 main points before your  audience get bored .

It’s also useful to think about who your audience are at this point. If they are unlikely to know much about your topic then you’ll need to factor in context of your topic when planning the structure and length of your speech. You should also consider their:

• Cultural or religious backgrounds
• Shared concerns, attitudes and problems
• Shared interests, beliefs and hopes
• Baseline attitude – are they hostile, neutral, or open to change?

The factors above will all determine the approach you take to writing your speech. For example, if your topic is about childhood obesity, you could begin with a story about your own children or a shared concern every parent has. This would suit an audience who are more likely to be parents than young professionals who have only just left college.

Remember the 3 main approaches to persuade others

There are three main approaches used to persuade others:

The ethos approach appeals to the audience’s ethics and morals, such as what is the ‘right thing’ to do for humanity, saving the environment, etc.

Pathos persuasion is when you appeal to the audience’s emotions, such as when you  tell a story  that makes them the main character in a difficult situation.

The logos approach to giving a persuasive speech is when you appeal to the audience’s logic – ie. your speech is essentially more driven by facts and logic. The benefit of this technique is that your point of view becomes virtually indisputable because you make the audience feel that only your view is the logical one.

• Ethos, Pathos, Logos: 3 Pillars of Public Speaking and Persuasion

Ideas for your persuasive speech outline

1. structure of your persuasive speech.

The opening and closing of speech are the most important. Consider these carefully when thinking about your persuasive speech outline. A  strong opening  ensures you have the audience’s attention from the start and gives them a positive first impression of you.

You’ll want to  start with a strong opening  such as an attention grabbing statement, statistic of fact. These are usually dramatic or shocking, such as:

Sadly, in the next 18 minutes when I do our chat, four Americans that are alive will be dead from the food that they eat – Jamie Oliver

Another good way of starting a persuasive speech is to include your audience in the picture you’re trying to paint. By making them part of the story, you’re embedding an emotional connection between them and your speech.

You could do this in a more toned-down way by talking about something you know that your audience has in common with you. It’s also helpful at this point to include your credentials in a persuasive speech to gain your audience’s trust.

Obama would spend hours with his team working on the opening and closing statements of his speech.

2. Stating your argument

You should  pick between 2 and 4 themes  to discuss during your speech so that you have enough time to explain your viewpoint and convince your audience to the same way of thinking.

It’s important that each of your points transitions seamlessly into the next one so that your speech has a logical flow. Work on your  connecting sentences  between each of your themes so that your speech is easy to listen to.

Your argument should be backed up by objective research and not purely your subjective opinion. Use examples, analogies, and stories so that the audience can relate more easily to your topic, and therefore are more likely to be persuaded to your point of view.

3. Addressing counter-arguments

Any balanced theory or thought  addresses and disputes counter-arguments  made against it. By addressing these, you’ll strengthen your persuasive speech by refuting your audience’s objections and you’ll show that you are knowledgeable to other thoughts on the topic.

When describing an opposing point of view, don’t explain it in a bias way – explain it in the same way someone who holds that view would describe it. That way, you won’t irritate members of your audience who disagree with you and you’ll show that you’ve reached your point of view through reasoned judgement. Simply identify any counter-argument and pose explanations against them.

• Complete Guide to Debating

4. Closing your speech

Your closing line of your speech is your last chance to convince your audience about what you’re saying. It’s also most likely to be the sentence they remember most about your entire speech so make sure it’s a good one!

The most effective persuasive speeches end  with a  call to action . For example, if you’ve been speaking about organ donation, your call to action might be asking the audience to register as donors.

Practice answering AI questions on your speech and get  feedback on your performance .

If audience members ask you questions, make sure you listen carefully and respectfully to the full question. Don’t interject in the middle of a question or become defensive.

You should show that you have carefully considered their viewpoint and refute it in an objective way (if you have opposing opinions). Ensure you remain patient, friendly and polite at all times.

Example 1: Persuasive speech outline

This example is from the Kentucky Community and Technical College.

Specific purpose

To persuade my audience to start walking in order to improve their health.

Central idea

Regular walking can improve both your mental and physical health.

Introduction

Let’s be honest, we lead an easy life: automatic dishwashers, riding lawnmowers, T.V. remote controls, automatic garage door openers, power screwdrivers, bread machines, electric pencil sharpeners, etc., etc. etc. We live in a time-saving, energy-saving, convenient society. It’s a wonderful life. Or is it?

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Example 2: Persuasive speech

Tips for delivering your persuasive speech

• Practice, practice, and practice some more . Record yourself speaking and listen for any nervous habits you have such as a nervous laugh, excessive use of filler words, or speaking too quickly.
• Show confident body language . Stand with your legs hip width apart with your shoulders centrally aligned. Ground your feet to the floor and place your hands beside your body so that hand gestures come freely. Your audience won’t be convinced about your argument if you don’t sound confident in it. Find out more about  confident body language here .
• Don’t memorise your speech word-for-word  or read off a script. If you memorise your persuasive speech, you’ll sound less authentic and panic if you lose your place. Similarly, if you read off a script you won’t sound genuine and you won’t be able to connect with the audience by  making eye contact . In turn, you’ll come across as less trustworthy and knowledgeable. You could simply remember your key points instead, or learn your opening and closing sentences.
• Remember to use facial expressions when storytelling  – they make you more relatable. By sharing a personal story you’ll more likely be speaking your truth which will help you build a connection with the audience too. Facial expressions help bring your story to life and transport the audience into your situation.
• Keep your speech as concise as possible . When practicing the delivery, see if you can edit it to have the same meaning but in a more succinct way. This will keep the audience engaged.

The best persuasive speech ideas are those that spark a level of controversy. However, a public speech is not the time to express an opinion that is considered outside the norm. If in doubt, play it safe and stick to topics that divide opinions about 50-50.

Bear in mind who your audience are and plan your persuasive speech outline accordingly, with researched evidence to support your argument. It’s important to consider counter-arguments to show that you are knowledgeable about the topic as a whole and not bias towards your own line of thought.

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Public Speaking Tips & Speech Topics

How to Write an Outline for a Persuasive Speech, with Examples

Jim Peterson has over 20 years experience on speech writing. He wrote over 300 free speech topic ideas and how-to guides for any kind of public speaking and speech writing assignments at My Speech Class.

Persuasive speeches are one of the three most used speeches in our daily lives. Persuasive speech is used when presenters decide to convince their presentation or ideas to their listeners. A compelling speech aims to persuade the listener to believe in a particular point of view. One of the most iconic examples is Martin Luther King’s ‘I had a dream’ speech on the 28th of August 1963.

In this article:

What is Persuasive Speech?

Here are some steps to follow:, persuasive speech outline, final thoughts.

Persuasive speech is a written and delivered essay to convince people of the speaker’s viewpoint or ideas. Persuasive speaking is the type of speaking people engage in the most. This type of speech has a broad spectrum, from arguing about politics to talking about what to have for dinner. Persuasive speaking is highly connected to the audience, as in a sense, the speaker has to meet the audience halfway.

Persuasive Speech Preparation

Persuasive speech preparation doesn’t have to be difficult, as long as you select your topic wisely and prepare thoroughly.

1. Select a Topic and Angle

Come up with a controversial topic that will spark a heated debate, regardless of your position. This could be about anything. Choose a topic that you are passionate about. Select a particular angle to focus on to ensure that your topic isn’t too broad. Research the topic thoroughly, focussing on key facts, arguments for and against your angle, and background.

2. Define Your Persuasive Goal

Once you have chosen your topic, it’s time to decide what your goal is to persuade the audience. Are you trying to persuade them in favor of a certain position or issue? Are you hoping that they change their behavior or an opinion due to your speech? Do you want them to decide to purchase something or donate money to a cause? Knowing your goal will help you make wise decisions about approaching writing and presenting your speech.

3. Analyze the Audience

Understanding your audience’s perspective is critical anytime that you are writing a speech. This is even more important when it comes to a persuasive speech because not only are you wanting to get the audience to listen to you, but you are also hoping for them to take a particular action in response to your speech. First, consider who is in the audience. Consider how the audience members are likely to perceive the topic you are speaking on to better relate to them on the subject. Grasp the obstacles audience members face or have regarding the topic so you can build appropriate persuasive arguments to overcome these obstacles.

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4. Build an Effective Persuasive Argument

Once you have a clear goal, you are knowledgeable about the topic and, have insights regarding your audience, you will be ready to build an effective persuasive argument to deliver in the form of a persuasive speech. 

Start by deciding what persuasive techniques are likely to help you persuade your audience. Would an emotional and psychological appeal to your audience help persuade them? Is there a good way to sway the audience with logic and reason? Is it possible that a bandwagon appeal might be effective?

5. Outline Your Speech

Once you know which persuasive strategies are most likely to be effective, your next step is to create a keyword outline to organize your main points and structure your persuasive speech for maximum impact on the audience.

Start strong, letting your audience know what your topic is, why it matters and, what you hope to achieve at the end of your speech. List your main points, thoroughly covering each point, being sure to build the argument for your position and overcome opposing perspectives. Conclude your speech by appealing to your audience to act in a way that will prove that you persuaded them successfully. Motivation is a big part of persuasion.

6. Deliver a Winning Speech

Select appropriate visual aids to share with your audiences, such as graphs, photos, or illustrations. Practice until you can deliver your speech confidently. Maintain eye contact, project your voice and, avoid using filler words or any form of vocal interference. Let your passion for the subject shine through. Your enthusiasm may be what sways the audience. 

Topic: What topic are you trying to persuade your audience on?

Specific Purpose:  

Central idea:

• Attention grabber – This is potentially the most crucial line. If the audience doesn’t like the opening line, they might be less inclined to listen to the rest of your speech.
• Thesis – This statement is used to inform the audience of the speaker’s mindset and try to get the audience to see the issue their way.
• Qualifications – Tell the audience why you are qualified to speak about the topic to persuade them.

After the introductory portion of the speech is over, the speaker starts presenting reasons to the audience to provide support for the statement. After each reason, the speaker will list examples to provide a factual argument to sway listeners’ opinions.

• Example 1 – Support for the reason given above.
• Example 2 – Support for the reason given above.

The most important part of a persuasive speech is the conclusion, second to the introduction and thesis statement. This is where the speaker must sum up and tie all of their arguments into an organized and solid point.

• Summary: Briefly remind the listeners why they should agree with your position.
• Memorable ending/ Audience challenge: End your speech with a powerful closing thought or recommend a course of action.
• Thank the audience for listening.

Persuasive Speech Outline Examples

Topic: Walking frequently can improve both your mental and physical health.

Specific Purpose: To persuade the audience to start walking to improve their health.

Central idea: Regular walking can improve your mental and physical health.

Life has become all about convenience and ease lately. We have dishwashers, so we don’t have to wash dishes by hand with electric scooters, so we don’t have to paddle while riding. I mean, isn’t it ridiculous?

Today’s luxuries have been welcomed by the masses. They have also been accused of turning us into passive, lethargic sloths. As a reformed sloth, I know how easy it can be to slip into the convenience of things and not want to move off the couch. I want to persuade you to start walking.

Americans lead a passive lifestyle at the expense of their own health.

• This means that we spend approximately 40% of our leisure time in front of the TV.
• Ironically, it is also reported that Americans don’t like many of the shows that they watch.
• Today’s studies indicate that people were experiencing higher bouts of depression than in the 18th and 19th centuries, when work and life were considered problematic.
• The article reports that 12.6% of Americans suffer from anxiety, and 9.5% suffer from severe depression.
• Present the opposition’s claim and refute an argument.
• Nutritionist Phyllis Hall stated that we tend to eat foods high in fat, which produces high levels of cholesterol in our blood, which leads to plaque build-up in our arteries.
• While modifying our diet can help us decrease our risk for heart disease, studies have indicated that people who don’t exercise are at an even greater risk.

In closing, I urge you to start walking more. Walking is a simple, easy activity. Park further away from stores and walk. Walk instead of driving to your nearest convenience store. Take 20 minutes and enjoy a walk around your neighborhood. Hide the TV remote, move off the couch and, walk. Do it for your heart.

Thank you for listening!

Topic: Less screen time can improve your sleep.

Specific Purpose: To persuade the audience to stop using their screens two hours before bed.

Central idea: Ceasing electronics before bed will help you achieve better sleep.

Who doesn’t love to sleep? I don’t think I have ever met anyone who doesn’t like getting a good night’s sleep. Sleep is essential for our bodies to rest and repair themselves.

I love sleeping and, there is no way that I would be able to miss out on a good night’s sleep.

As someone who has had trouble sleeping due to taking my phone into bed with me and laying in bed while entertaining myself on my phone till I fall asleep, I can say that it’s not the healthiest habit, and we should do whatever we can to change it.

• Our natural blue light source is the sun.
• Bluelight is designed to keep us awake.
• Bluelight makes our brain waves more active.
• We find it harder to sleep when our brain waves are more active.
• Having a good night’s rest will improve your mood.
• Being fully rested will increase your productivity.

Using electronics before bed will stimulate your brainwaves and make it more difficult for you to sleep. Bluelight tricks our brains into a false sense of daytime and, in turn, makes it more difficult for us to sleep. So, put down those screens if you love your sleep!

Thank the audience for listening

A persuasive speech is used to convince the audience of the speaker standing on a certain subject. To have a successful persuasive speech, doing the proper planning and executing your speech with confidence will help persuade the audience of your standing on the topic you chose. Persuasive speeches are used every day in the world around us, from planning what’s for dinner to arguing about politics. It is one of the most widely used forms of speech and, with proper planning and execution, you can sway any audience.

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How to Write an Effective Speech Outline: A Step-by-Step Guide

• The Speaker Lab
• March 8, 2024

Table of Contents

Mastering the art of speaking starts with crafting a stellar speech outline. A well-structured outline not only clarifies your message but also keeps your audience locked in.

In this article, you’ll learn how to mold outlines for various speech types, weaving in research that resonates and transitions that keep listeners on track. We’ll also show you ways to spotlight crucial points and manage the clock so every second counts. When it’s time for final prep, we’ve got smart tips for fine-tuning your work before stepping into the spotlight.

Understanding the Structure of a Speech Outline

An effective speech outline is like a map for your journey as a speaker, guiding you from start to finish. Think of it as the blueprint that gives shape to your message and ensures you hit all the right notes along the way.

Tailoring Your Outline for Different Speech Types

Different speeches have different goals: some aim to persuade, others inform or celebrate. Each type demands its own structure in an outline. For instance, a persuasive speech might highlight compelling evidence while an informative one focuses on clear explanations. Crafting your outline with precision means adapting it to fit these distinct objectives.

Incorporating Research and Supporting Data

Your credibility hinges on solid research and data that back up your claims. When writing your outline, mark the places where you’ll incorporate certain pieces of research or data. Every stat you choose should serve a purpose in supporting your narrative arc. And remember to balance others’ research with your own unique insights. After all, you want your work to stand out, not sound like someone else’s.

The Role of Transitions in Speech Flow

Slick transitions are what turn choppy ideas into smooth storytelling—think about how bridges connect disparate land masses seamlessly. They’re not just filler; they carry listeners from one thought to another while maintaining momentum.

Incorporate transitions that feel natural yet keep people hooked. To keep things smooth, outline these transitions ahead of time so nothing feels left up to chance during delivery.

Techniques for Emphasizing Key Points in Your Outline

To make certain points pop off the page—and stage—you’ll need strategies beyond bolding text or speaking louder. Use repetition wisely or pause strategically after delivering something significant. Rather than go impromptu, plan out what points you want to emphasize before you hit the stage.

Timing Your Speech Through Your Outline

A watchful eye on timing ensures you don’t overstay—or undercut—your moment under the spotlight. The rhythm set by pacing can be pre-determined through practice runs timed against sections marked clearly in outlines. Practice will help ensure that your grand finale isn’t cut short by surprise.

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Depending on the type of speech you’re giving, your speech outline will vary. The key ingredients—introduction, body, and conclusion—are always there, but nuances like tone or message will change with each speaking occasion.

Persuasive Speeches: Convincing With Clarity

When outlining a persuasive speech, arrange your arguments from strong to strongest. The primacy effect works wonders here, so make sure to start off with a strong point. And just when they think they’ve heard it all, hit them with an emotional story that clinches the deal.

You might start by sharing startling statistics about plastic pollution before pivoting to how individuals can make a difference. Back this up with data on successful recycling programs which demonstrate tangible impact, a technique that turns facts into fuel for action.

Informative Speeches: Educating Without Overwhelming

An informative speech shouldn’t feel like drinking from a fire hose of facts and figures. Instead, lay out clear subtopics in your outline and tie them together with succinct explanations—not unlike stepping stones across a stream of knowledge.

If you’re talking about breakthroughs in renewable energy technology, use bullet points to highlight different innovations then expand upon their potential implications one at a time so the audience can follow along without getting lost in technical jargon or complexity.

Ceremonial Speeches: Creating Moments That Matter

In a ceremonial speech you want to capture emotion. Accordingly, your outline should feature personal anecdotes and quotes that resonate on an emotional level. However, make sure to maintain brevity because sometimes less really is more when celebrating milestones or honoring achievements.

Instead of just going through a hero’s whole life story, share the powerful tales of how they stepped up in tough times. This approach hits home for listeners, letting them feel the impact these heroes have had on their communities and sparking an emotional bond.

Incorporating Research in Your Speech Outline

When you’re crafting a speech, the backbone of your credibility lies in solid research and data. But remember, it’s not just about piling on the facts. It’s how you weave them into your narrative that makes listeners sit up and take notice.

Selecting Credible Sources

Finding trustworthy sources is like going on a treasure hunt where not all that glitters is gold. To strike real gold, aim for academic journals or publications known for their rigorous standards. Google Scholar or industry-specific databases are great places to start your search. Be picky. Your audience can tell when you’ve done your homework versus when you’ve settled for less-than-stellar intel.

You want to arm yourself with evidence so compelling that even skeptics start nodding along. A well-chosen statistic from a reputable study does more than decorate your point—it gives it an ironclad suit of armor.

Organizing Information Effectively

Your outline isn’t just a roadmap; think of it as scaffolding that holds up your argument piece by piece. Start strong with an eye-opening factoid to hook your audience right off the bat because first impressions matter—even in speeches.

To keep things digestible, group related ideas together under clear subheadings within your outline. Stick to presenting data that backs up each key idea without wandering down tangential paths. That way, everyone stays on track.

Making Data Relatable

Sure, numbers don’t lie but they can be hard to connect to. If you plan on using stats in your speech, make them meaningful by connecting them to relatable scenarios or outcomes people care about deeply. For instance, if you’re talking health statistics, relate them back to someone’s loved ones or local hospitals. By making the personal connection for your audience, you’ll get their attention.

The trick is using these nuggets strategically throughout your talk, not dumping them all at once but rather placing each one carefully where its impact will be greatest.

Imagine your speech as a road trip. Without smooth roads and clear signs, the journey gets bumpy, and passengers might miss the scenery along the way. That’s where transitions come in. They’re like your speech’s traffic signals guiding listeners from one point to another.

Crafting Seamless Bridges Between Ideas

Transitions are more than just linguistic filler. They’re strategic connectors that carry an audience smoothly through your narrative. Start by using phrases like “on top of this” or “let’s consider,” which help you pivot naturally between points without losing momentum.

To weave these seamlessly into your outline, map out each major turn beforehand to ensure no idea is left stranded on a tangent.

Making Use of Transitional Phrases Wisely

Be cautious: overusing transitional phrases can clutter up your speech faster than rush hour traffic. Striking a balance is key—think about how often you’d want to see signposts on a highway. Enough to keep you confident but not so many that it feels overwhelming.

Pick pivotal moments for transitions when shifting gears from one major topic to another or introducing contrasting information. A little direction at critical junctures keeps everyone onboard and attentive.

Leveraging Pauses as Transition Tools

Sometimes silence speaks louder than words, and pauses are powerful tools for transitioning thoughts. A well-timed pause lets ideas resonate and gives audiences time to digest complex information before moving forward again.

This approach also allows speakers some breathing room themselves—the chance to regroup mentally before diving into their next point with renewed vigor.

Connecting Emotional Threads Throughout Your Speech

Last but not least, don’t forget emotional continuity, that intangible thread pulling heartstrings from start-to-finish. Even if topics shift drastically, maintaining an underlying emotional connection ensures everything flows together cohesively within the larger tapestry of your message.

Techniques for Emphasizing Key Points in Your Speech Outline

When you’re crafting your speech outline, shine a spotlight on what matters most so that your audience doesn’t miss your key points.

Bold and Italicize for Impact

You wouldn’t whisper your punchline in a crowded room. Similarly, why let your main ideas get lost in a sea of text? Use bold or italics to give those lines extra weight. This visual cue signals importance, so when you glance at your notes during delivery, you’ll know to emphasize those main ideas.

Analogies That Stick

A good analogy is like super glue—it makes anything stick. Weave them into your outline and watch as complex concepts become crystal clear. But remember: choose analogies that resonate with your target audience’s experiences or interests. The closer home it hits, the longer it lingers.

The Power of Repetition

If something’s important say it again. And maybe even once more after that—with flair. Repetition can feel redundant on paper, but audiences often need to hear critical messages several times before they take root.

Keep these strategies in mind when you’re ready to dive into your outline. You’ll transform those core ideas into memorable insights before you know it.

Picture this: you’re delivering a speech, and just as you’re about to reach the end, your time’s up. Ouch! Let’s make sure that never happens. Crafting an outline is not only about what to say but also how long to say it.

Finding Balance in Section Lengths

An outline isn’t just bullet points; it’s a roadmap for pacing. When outlining your speech, make sure to decide how much time you’d like to give each of your main points. You might even consider setting specific timers during rehearsals to get a real feel for each part’s duration. Generally speaking, you should allot a fairly equal amount of time for each to keep things balanced.

The Magic of Mini Milestones

To stay on track, a savvy speaker will mark time stamps or “mini milestones” on their outline. These time stamps give the speaker an idea of where should be in their speech by the time, say, 15 minutes has passed. If by checkpoint three you should be 15 minutes deep and instead you’re hitting 20 minutes, it’s time to pick up the pace or trim some fat from earlier sections. This approach helps you stay on track without having to glance at the clock after every sentence.

Utilizing Visual Aids and Multimedia in Your Outline

Pictures speak louder than words, especially when you’re on stage. Think about it: How many times have you sat through a presentation that felt like an eternity of endless bullet points? Now imagine if instead, there was a vibrant image or a short video clip to break up the monotony—it’s game-changing. That’s why integrating visual aids and multimedia into your speech outline isn’t just smart. It’s crucial for keeping your audience locked in.

Choosing Effective Visuals

Selecting the right visuals is not about flooding your slides with random images but finding those that truly amplify your message. Say you’re talking about climate change. In this case, a graph showing rising global temperatures can hit hard and illustrate your chosen statistic clearly. Remember, simplicity reigns supreme; one powerful image will always trump a cluttered collage.

Multimedia Magic

Videos are another ace up your sleeve. They can deliver testimonials more powerfully than quotes or transport viewers to places mere descriptions cannot reach. But be warned—timing is everything. Keep clips short and sweet because no one came to watch a movie—they came to hear you . You might highlight innovations using short video snippets, ensuring these moments serve as compelling punctuations rather than pauses in your narrative.

The Power of Sound

We often forget audio when we think multimedia, yet sound can evoke emotions and set tones subtly yet effectively. Think striking chords for dramatic effect or nature sounds for storytelling depth during environmental talks.

Audiences crave experiences they’ll remember long after they leave their seats. With well-chosen visuals and gripping multimedia elements woven thoughtfully into every section of your speech outline, you’ll give them exactly that.

Rehearsing with Your Speech Outline

When you’re gearing up to take the stage, your speech outline is a great tool to practice with. With a little preparation, you’ll give a performance that feels both natural and engaging.

Familiarizing Yourself with Content

To start off strong, get cozy with your outline’s content. Read through your outline aloud multiple times until the flow of words feels smooth. This will help make sure that when showtime comes around, you can deliver those lines without tripping over tough transitions or complex concepts.

Beyond mere memorization, understanding the heart behind each point allows you to speak from a place of confidence. You know this stuff—you wrote it. Now let’s bring that knowledge front and center in an authentic way.

Mimicking Presentation Conditions

Rehearsing under conditions similar to those expected during the actual presentation pays off big time. Are you going to stand or roam about? Will there be a podium? Think about these details and simulate them during rehearsal because comfort breeds confidence—and we’re all about boosting confidence.

If technology plays its part in your talk, don’t leave them out of rehearsals either. The last thing anyone needs is tech trouble during their talk.

Perfecting Pace Through Practice

Pacing matters big time when speaking. Use timed rehearsals to nail down timing. Adjust speed as needed but remember: clarity trumps velocity every single time.

You want people hanging onto every word, which is hard to do if you’re talking so fast they can barely make out what you’re saying. During rehearsals, find balance between pacing and comprehension; they should go hand-in-hand.

Finalizing Your Speech Outline for Presentation

You’ve poured hours into crafting your speech, shaping each word and idea with precision. Now, it’s time to tighten the nuts and bolts. Finalizing your outline isn’t just about dotting the i’s and crossing the t’s. It’s about making sure your message sticks like a perfectly thrown dart.

Reviewing Your Content for Clarity

Your first task is to strip away any fluff that might cloud your core message. Read through every point in your outline with a critical eye. Think of yourself as an editor on a mission to cut out anything that doesn’t serve a purpose. Ask yourself if you can explain each concept clearly without needing extra words or complex jargon. If not, simplify.

Strengthening Your Argument

The meat of any good presentation lies in its argument, the why behind what you’re saying. Strengthen yours by ensuring every claim has iron-clad backing—a stat here, an expert quote there. Let this be more than just facts tossed at an audience; weave them into stories they’ll remember long after they leave their seats.

Crafting Memorable Takeaways

Audiences may forget details but never how you made them feel—or think. Embed memorable takeaways throughout your outline so when folks step out into fresh air post-talk, they carry bits of wisdom with them.

This could mean distilling complex ideas down to pithy phrases or ending sections with punchy lines that resonate. It’s these golden nuggets people will mine for later reflection.

FAQs on Speech Outlines

How do you write a speech outline.

To craft an outline, jot down your main ideas, arrange them logically, and add supporting points beneath each.

What are the 3 main parts of a speech outline?

An effective speech has three core parts: an engaging introduction, a content-rich body, and a memorable conclusion.

What are the three features of a good speech outline?

A strong outline is clear, concise, and structured in logical sequence to maximize impact on listeners.

What is a working outline for a speech?

A working outline serves as your blueprint while preparing. It’s detailed but flexible enough to adjust as needed.

Crafting a speech outline is like drawing your map before the journey. It starts with structure and flows into customization for different types of talks. Remember, research and evidence are your compass—they guide you to credibility. Transitions act as bridges, connecting one idea to another smoothly. Key points? They’re landmarks so make them shine.

When delivering your speech, keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself so that every word counts.

Multimedia turns a good talk into a great show. Rehearsing polishes that gem of a presentation until it sparkles.

Last up: fine-tuning your speech outline means you step out confident, ready to deliver something memorable because this isn’t just any roadmap—it’s yours.

• Last Updated: March 5, 2024

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Persuasive speech outline example

-an outline using Monroe's 5 step Motivated Sequence

By:  Susan Dugdale  

This persuasive speech outline example uses Monroe's Motivated Sequence (MMS) - a 5 step structural pattern for organizing material focusing on, as its name suggests, motivational appeals.

The sequence forms the basis of many of the successful political, public awareness or advertising campaigns you see and hear around you on a daily basis.

For example: campaigns to raise awareness of health issues: The Heart Truth, NDAFW - National Drugs and Alcohol Facts Week, or STOMP Out Bullying. *

Why is the framework so popular? Because it faithfully follows the psychology of persuasion. In a nutshell, it works. Exceedingly well.

Use the quick links to get around this very long page efficiently. Each of the five steps is fully explained and illustrated in an example speech outline. There's a printable MMS speech outline document for your own use too!

Page quick links

• Step overview
• Step 1 - Attention
• Step 2 - Need
• Step 3 - Satisfaction
• Step 4 - Visualization
• Step 5 - Action
• Download blank outline template

More persuasive speech resources

About Monroe's Motivated Sequence

The pattern, or steps, of the sequence mirror those identified as being the normal thinking processes that occur whenever a person is confronted by a problem.

Because the steps are perceived as reasonable and logical using them prepares and motivates an audience to respond positively to the speaker's message.

The sequence is named after Dr  Alan H Monroe who, after graduating from Northwestern University in 1924, joined the staff at Purdue University (USA) as an Instructor in English. Two years later he became Instructor in Public Speaking and was subsequently promoted to Assistant Professor and head of the speech section of the English department. He retired from the role in 1963.  

 Overview of Monroe's 5 step motivation sequence

In developing your persuasive speech outline you will follow these 5 steps:

• Attention Grab the audience's attention
• Need Establish there is a problem (need) demanding their attention
• Satisfaction Outline a solution to the problem
• Visualization Show the audience how they will benefit from your solution
• Action Provide the impetus and means to act

Monroe's five steps in more detail

Now let's examine those steps more closely.

To make the process easier to follow I've prepared a simple example speech illustrating each step and the transitions between them.  That's the text in the green boxes. 

As you read start thinking about your audience and your topic.  Jot any ideas down for later use.

About this sample speech - topic, purpose and audience

The subject  is fear of public speaking.

The specific purpose of the speech is  to persuade and encourage people in the audience to take a course to overcome their fear of public speaking. 

The central idea   of the speech is that the ability to speak in public opens doors to many opportunities.

The audience is  drawn from the local community. They range in age from late teens to forties plus.

The 5 steps of Monroe's motivation sequence 

Getting attention - step 1.

This step is your introductory "listen up" call. To make it effective it needs to grab the audience. It could be any of the following:

• a startling statement
• a rhetorical question
• a quotation
• a funny story
• a dramatic story
• a photograph or other visual aid

Put yourself in the position of your audience when deciding how to hook and hold their attention. Why should they listen to you?  How does what you have to say benefit them? Is it relevant to them? How?

Step one - attention 

Do you know the real costs of public speaking fear?

The price is high.

Research reveals that a person with public speaking fear is 10% less likely to graduate from college, is likely to receive 10% less in wages and is 15% less likely to take on management or leadership positions.

Who pays? You. Me. Us. Anybody who allows fear to govern their decision making. We pay by sacrificing our potential selves, putting our dreams away and settling for less.

Establishing credibility

As well as getting their attention you also need to establish your credibility or right to talk on the subject. Your audience needs to know that they can believe what you're telling them. If they feel they can trust your expertise and experience they will be much more likely to follow your lead. 

Credibility statement

That’s a question I asked myself a long time ago. As a teacher with many years of experience I saw far too many students who would do anything they could to avoid public speaking. To answer it I researched.

Then I used those answers to devise public speaking programs that were effective and fun.

Transition - the link from step 1 to step 2

Can you imagine the positive impact feeling OK about speaking up would have? On individuals? On families? On our community?

E stablish the need - step 2

This step develops the need for change. Now that you have your audience's attention you will clearly show them what the problem is and the extent of it.

To be effective use:

• examples to illustrate how it impacts on them - their happiness, future, health, family, neighborhood...
• statistics - facts, figures, graphs, diagrams... Remember to cite your sources and remember too that some are more credible than others. You need recognized sources to give your speech the credibility you want.
• expert witness testimony - the more authoritative, the better

Your goal at the conclusion of this step is to have your audience eager to hear your solution. They agree with you that there is a problem and want the answer.

Step two – Need

A.  According to frequently cited statistics 75%   of people suffer from some degree of glossophobia - fear of speaking in public. Source:    Hamilton, C. (2008) [2005]. Communicating for Results, a Guide for Business and the Professions (eighth edition)

• At the extreme upper end of this very large group are the people who would literally run a mile rather than speak. For example, they will not apply for promotions if the new position means giving presentations. They will not give a speech at a special family occasion - a wedding, birthday or funeral.  Public speaking makes them ill, literally. There maybe quite a few of you here, so you’ll know exactly what I mean.
• At the other end of the scale are the people who have one or two butterflies fluttering around – enough to make them register they’re a little nervous about speaking but it’s nothing to worry about. There’s likely not so many of you here. If you have come along, it’s probably to support someone who needs it! Thank you.
• The majority of us are somewhere in the middle where it’s neither all fine nor all bad. Some days are OK. We manage. And some days it’s definitely not OK. We just hang in there by the skin of our chattering teeth.

B. Bad public speaking experiences often lead to more of the same. History repeats.

• We focus on the criticism we received and interpret it as a criticism of ourselves. Our speech is bad therefore I am bad. This makes a shaky platform to build public speaking skills and confidence on.
• When given a presentation to prepare we procrastinate because we don’t feel confident or competent. That means we don’t put the work in which in turn leads to another bad experience. It becomes a vicious circle.
• When we feel ashamed about ourselves we often close off. We don’t ask for help and it becomes easier to expect less of ourselves and our lives.
•  Here's those stats again. According to Franklin Schneier, MD, s omeone with public speaking fear is likely to receive 10% less in wages, be 10% more likely to drop out of college and be 15% less likely to apply for leadership or management roles.

C. Begins in youth.

• “The fear of public speaking is more common in younger patients as compared to older ones and may be more prevalent in females as compared to males,” says Jeffrey R. Strawn, MD, FAACAP, associate professor of psychiatry and pediatrics and director of the Anxiety Disorders Research Program in the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience at the University of Cincinnati.
• More than 75% of people experience their first symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder which often includes fear of public speaking during their childhood or early teenage years - American Psychiatric Association. (2014). Understanding Mental Disorders
• Let’s conduct a quick informal survey to test that– raise your hand if any anxiety you feel about public speaking began when you were young.

Transition - the link between step 2 and step 3

However there is a way to break this pattern of anxiety. It can be stopped, and everyone who wants to can learn to speak in public confidently.

S atisfy the need - step 3

Now you outline your answer or solution and show the audience how it will work.

To do this well:

• outline your solution succinctly
• demonstrate how it meets the problem
• use examples to show how effective it is
• support with facts, figures, graphs, diagrams, statistics, testimony...
• if there is known opposition to your solution, acknowledge and counteract showing how your plan overturns it

The ideal outcome of this step is the audience nodding and saying to themselves: " Yes. This is possible, practical and sensible."   Your answer satisfies them. It gives them  "satisfaction".

Step three - Satisfaction 

A. Come along to an introductory course

• It's free, led by experienced teachers and especially designed for people with a history of being nervous about speaking in public.
• Once a week for 4 weeks you'll have 2 hours of practical public speaking training and practice.
• You'll learn tips and tricks to manage your anxiety, to give varying types of presentations, to effectively structure a speech, and to confidently deliver a speech.

B. When people overcome fear of public speaking there are so many things they can do:

• Complete their college education and go on to further study if they wanted to
• Apply for the positions they know would give them greater work satisfaction
• Speak up when they need to about issues concerning themselves, their family and their community
• Inspire others to follow their example

C. Exchanging public speaking fear for confidence will help people to:

• Communicate more effectively
• Listen more carefully to others
• Understand the power of the spoken word and what it can achieve

Transition - the link between step 3 and step 4

Can you imagine the positive impact that would have on people’s lives? Maybe yours?

S ee the future - step 4

In this step the audience "experiences" the solution. They see (feel, hear, taste...) what will happen if they do as you are suggesting contrasted against what will happen if they don't do as you are suggesting.

This step relies on your use of vivid imagery to portray the outcome of their action, or inaction. They see and feel the pleasure, or pain, in their imagination. To bring it home to your audience the pictures you provide, the stories you tell, need to be relevant and believable.

What you want folk thinking as you conclude this step is:  "I can see that this would be good for me."

Step four - Visualization

A. Imagine what society would be like if everyone took full advantage of the educational opportunities that best fitted their interests and abilities. How would that feel?

• There would be much less personal dissatisfaction and social unrest caused by people working in positions that do not pay very well or extend their skills and well being. That would be much more healthy: physically, emotionally and mentally, for everybody. You could ask for a raise! Apply for that job you always wanted! Give a presentation! Toast your bride!
• It would generate a ripple effect. People who speak up confidently and competently encourage others to do likewise. People would feel empowered – free to become the best of themselves - shoulders back, head up, standing tall, looking the world straight in the eye!

B. What disadvantages could there possibly be?

• Perhaps it could uncomfortable for those who have got used to assuming the right to talk for others without consultation. Is that really a bad thing?
• Perhaps it could lead to robust conversations where there are differing opinions over issues?  Again, is that a bad thing? It could be an opportunity to polish debating skills.
• There are no real disadvantages! Overcoming public speaking fear is good for everyone. A win-win.

Transition - the link from step 4 to step 5

Let’s do more than imagine speaking in public freely and competently. Let’s take the steps towards making it happen.

T ake action - step 5

In this last step you present your call to action.

The call to action can be embedded in any combination of the following:

• a challenge or appeal
• a personal statement of intent

To be effective the action step must be readily doable and executed as soon as possible. Make it as easy as you can for your audience. If you want them to sign up for something, have the forms available. If you wish them to lodge a personal protest in writing to your local government have stock letters and envelopes ready. In other words do the leg work for them!

Action steps that are delayed even for 48 hours are less likely to be acted on. We're human - life goes on. Other things intervene and the initial urgency is lost.

Step five – Action

  A. (Summary) Apparently 3/4 of us – 75%, are nervous about public speaking – often the result of a bad experience when were young. That has a direct impact on our adult lives. If we allow it to continue it is likely we will be paid less, fall out of college without graduating and settle for less-challenging jobs. In short – live a lesser life. However it doesn’t have to be like that. We could choose to change. We could become our bigger and best selves.

  B. (Call to Immediate Action)

We could, in the famous words of Susan Jeffers, "Feel the fear and do it anyway!"

I’ve got enrollment forms here for that free introductory public speaking course. That’s four two hour sessions over the next four weeks using tried, tested and proven methods of teaching with experienced instructors. You’ll learn how to prepare and deliver speeches. And you'll swap fear for confidence and competence while having fun!

C. (Memorable Close) Who knows what magic may happen once you speak up!

There are 15 places available. Make one of them yours.

Sources/references 

• Rosemary Black. (2018, June 4)  Glossophobia (Fear of Public Speaking): Are You Glossophobic?     Retrieved from  https://www.psycom.net/glossophobia-fear-of-public-speaking  
• Franklin Schneier. (2005) Social Anxiety Disorder. Retrieved from:  http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/psychmed2/3_2005/Schneier-SocialAnxietyDisorderBW.pdf
• Author and date of publication unknown.  Social Anxiety Disorder. Retrieved from:  http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/conditions/social-anxiety-disorder
• Doug Staneart. (2018, March). Podcast 29 - How to Scare the Gooey Out of a Nervous Public Speaker. Retrieved from:  https://www.fearlesspresentations.com/how-to-scare-the-gooey-out-of-a-new-public-speaker/  

F itting the standard speech format

If you are wondering how these 5 steps of Monroe's Motivated Sequence fit into the standard 3 part speech format , they go like this:

• Step 1 ( Attention ) forms the Introduction.
• Steps 2,  3 and 4 ( Need,   Satisfaction and Visualization ) form the Body.
• Step 5 ( Action ) is the Conclusion.

Download a persuasive speech outline template

And now download printable blank ready-to-complete Monroe's Motivated Sequence  persuasive speech outline template . You'll find the entire 5 step process laid out clearly, ready for you to fill in the gaps.

A sample persuasive speech

Want to read a  persuasive speech example ?

This example speech ("After they're gone") follows the sequence outlined on this page.

Before you click through to it you should know the topic is somber; the impact of suicide on family and friends. I wrote it to persuade those in need to seek and accept help and to raise awareness of the issues around suicide.

Persuasive speech topics

Maybe you haven't found the persuasive speech topic you want yet? Check these pages:

- 100 great  persuasive speech ideas  

- 50  good persuasive speech topics

-  205 fun persuasive speech topics

- 309 'easy' persuasive speech topics

-  310 persuasive speech topics for college

- 108 feminist persuasive speech topics

Communication coach Alex Lyon explains

If you'd like more on Monroe's Motivated Sequence  here's a great video with excellent examples from communication coach Alex Lyons. 

And lastly, here's the links to those campaigns I mentioned at the top of the page: The Heart Truth ,  National Drug and Alcohol Facts Week (NDAFW)  and STOMP Out Bullying .

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Persuasive Speech

Persuasive Speech Outline

Last updated on: Aug 22, 2024

A Comprehensive Guide to Crafting an Effective Persuasive Speech Outline

By: Nova A.

10 min read

Reviewed By: Rylee W.

Published on: Jun 19, 2023

Persuasive speeches are a type of speech that aim to convince and persuade an audience to take some action or change their attitudes. 

When preparing a persuasive speech , making an outline is an essential step that can really make a difference and bring you closer to success.

So how can you create an excellent outline for your persuasive speech?

Read on to find the answer. In this blog, you’ll get a step-by-step guide on creating an outline, along with some helpful tips and a practical example.

On this Page

How to Write a Persuasive Speech Outline - 7 Easy Steps

Let’s go through the step-by-step process of creating a perfect structure for your persuasive speech.

Step 1: Identify Your Topic & Objective

Begin by clearly identifying the topic and main objective of your persuasive speech. Your persuasive speech topic should be something you feel passionate about and have a strong stance on.

In addition, ask yourself what do you want to achieve with your speech? For instance, you could aim to:

• Change common attitudes
• Motivate your audience
• Inspire specific action 

Defining your objective will shape the content and direction of your speech outline.

Step 2: Write the Hook for an Engaging Introduction

Think about how you are going to start your speech. Remember, the hook is the most critical part of your speech's introduction—it's what grabs your audience's attention and compels them to listen. 

It could either be: 

• A surprising fact or statistic 
• A compelling story
• A provocative question
• Or an engaging quote

So write down your hook statement in your outline. Apart from that, you should also add points about the background information or context in your outline.

Step 3: Determine Your Key Points & Arguments

Next, determine the key points or arguments that support your objective. These are the main ideas or concepts you want to convey to your audience. 

Consider the key reasons or evidence that support your core message. These supporting points should be clear, relevant, and persuasive. Typically, three to five key points work well for a persuasive speech. 

Ensure that each key point supports your overall objective and is logically connected to the others. In addition, you should also address any counter arguments to make your central point stronger.

Step 4: Add Supporting Evidence for Each Key Point

For each key point in your persuasive speech outline, gather supporting evidence that strengthens your argument. This can include: 

• Relevant statistics 
• Research findings 
• Expert opinions 
• Anecdotes or examples

Ensure that your evidence is reliable, up-to-date, and directly supports the specific purpose you're addressing.

Step 5: Arrange Your Points in a Logical Order

Once you have identified your key points and their supporting evidence, arrange them in a logical order within your speech outline. 

Consider organizing them in a way that builds upon one another, enhancing the flow of your argument and building momentum toward your conclusion. 

You can choose to arrange them in the following ways:

• Chronologically 
• By order of importance
• Problem-to-solution model

Step 6: Write Call-to-Action for an Impactful Conclusion

The conclusion of your persuasive speech is your final opportunity to leave a lasting impression on your audience. Depending on your topic, you can end with a specific call to action or a thought-provoking question for a memorable ending.

Use strong verbs and emotionally resonant language to compel your audience to think, change, or take action.

Step 7: Revise & Improve

The final step in creating a persuasive speech outline is to thoroughly revise and improve your draft. Here's how to ensure your speech is polished and impactful:

• Review for clarity and coherence. Ensure that your arguments are concise, coherent, and easy to understand.
• Double-check the accuracy and relevance of the supporting evidence you've included for each key point. Make sure they are taken from credible sources and effectively strengthen your arguments. 
• Refine your language to make it more persuasive and impactful. Use vivid imagery, strong verbs, and rhetorical devices to engage your audience and evoke emotion.
• Review the length of your speech outline to ensure it aligns with your allotted speaking time. Trim any unnecessary content and streamline your arguments for maximum impact.

Persuasive Speech Format: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

When it comes to outlining and delivering persuasive speeches, one effective format that has stood the test of time is Monroe's Motivated Sequence. Developed by Alan H. Monroe, this framework provides a structured way to engage and influence your audience. 

This format also complements the outline writing steps mentioned above. Let’s break down how you can apply Monroe's motivated sequence format to make your persuasive speech more effective. 

Step 1: Attention

The first step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence is to grab the attention of your audience. 

You can do it with a captivating hook. As mentioned above, you can use several techniques for capturing attention at the start, such as a compelling story or rhetorical question. The goal is to make your audience sit up, take notice, and become invested in what you have to say.

Step 2: Need

Once you have their attention, it's time to highlight the need for change or action. 

Paint a vivid picture that evokes emotions and demonstrates why the need for change, understanding, or action is urgent and important. Use compelling evidence and relatable anecdotes to make the issue tangible to your audience.

Step 3: Satisfaction 

After establishing the need, present your proposed solution or action step. Demonstrate how your solution directly addresses the identified problem and fulfills the needs of your audience. 

For this, you should provide a clear and detailed explanation of how your solution works and why it is the most effective approach. In addition, back up your claims with evidence, expert opinions, and success stories to strengthen your argument and build credibility.

Step 4: Visualization

To make your persuasive speech more impactful, help your audience visualize the potential outcomes. 

For instance, you could paint a compelling picture of what the future could look like if your solution is implemented. Again, try using descriptive language, vivid imagery, and storytelling techniques to engage and evoke their imaginations. 

Step 5: Action 

The final step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence is to call your audience to action. 

In simple words, clearly and explicitly state what you want them to do and how they can take action. Whether it's making a donation or changing their behavior, provide specific steps they can take to contribute to the cause.

Sample Persuasive Speech Outlines

Now that you know how to make your outline using our 7-step guide and the Monroe framework, check out some outline templates and examples. It’ll help you get a better understanding of how it looks in practice.

Problem-Cause-Solution Persuasive Speech Template

Death Penalty Persuasive Speech Template

More Persuasive Speech Outline Examples

Want to have a look at more outline samples for a better idea? We've got you covered. Here are some more examples for you:

Pro Choice Persuasive Speech Outline

Universal Healthcare Persuasive Speech Outline

Recycling Persuasive Speech Outline

Persuasive Speech Outline On Mental Health

Tips for Creating an Outstanding Persuasive Speech Outline 

Here are some brief tips for creating an engaging persuasive speech outline:

• Choose a Compelling Topic : Select a topic that you are passionate about and that resonates with your audience. A topic that is relevant, timely, and sparks interest will captivate your listeners from the beginning.
• Conduct Thorough Research : Gather credible sources, statistics, examples, and expert opinions to support your arguments. A well-researched speech adds credibility and strengthens your persuasive case.
• Use Persuasive Language : Utilize persuasion techniques including ethos, pathos, and logos to make it compelling, persuasive, and engaging. Choose rhetorical devices such as metaphors, analogies, and powerful imagery to enhance your message and make it memorable.

In conclusion,

By following the outlined steps and examples provided, you can effectively structure your speech and craft persuasive arguments. Remember, you should always make an outline before writing your speech to make it organized and powerful from the start.

However, if you need further help with your speech, then consider hiring a professional service such as MyPerfectPaper.net.

MyPerfectPaper.net , offers reliable speech writing service for students. We have a team of experienced writers that is dedicated to delivering high-quality, custom-written essays.

If you need our help, then just say ' write my paper fast ' and we will make sure to deliver a high-quality paper on time. 

Don't hesitate to contact us for expert assistance and take your academic success to the next level.

Nova Allison is a Digital Content Strategist with over eight years of experience. Nova has also worked as a technical and scientific writer. She is majorly involved in developing and reviewing online content plans that engage and resonate with audiences. Nova has a passion for writing that engages and informs her readers.

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Your chance of acceptance, your chancing factors, extracurriculars, how to create a persuasive speech outline.

I've got an assignment where I need to create a persuasive speech for my English class. I'm not entirely sure about the best way to outline the speech to make it engaging and easy to follow. Any tips or resources to help me get started?

Creating a persuasive speech outline is a crucial step to make your speech engaging, organized, and easy to follow. Here are some tips to help you craft an effective outline:

1. Choose a topic: Pick an issue you're passionate about and that your audience will also find interesting. Make sure it's debatable, meaning there are reasonable arguments on both sides of the issue.

2. Identify your goal: Be clear about your purpose—whether you want to inform, persuade, or motivate your audience, and articulate a specific call-to-action.

3. Know your audience: Consider your listeners' demographics, values, and beliefs when crafting your speech. Tailor your content and language to resonate with them.

4. Develop a strong thesis statement: Create a concise statement that encapsulates your speech's central argument, and echoes your goal. This will steer your speech in a clear direction.

5. Organize your speech into three parts—Introduction, Body, and Conclusion:

a. Introduction:

- Start with an attention-grabber, such as a surprising fact, anecdote, or a thought-provoking question to pique your audience's interest.

- Establish your credibility by briefly sharing relevant qualifications or personal experiences.

- Reveal your thesis statement and a brief overview of the points you'll cover.

- Present your arguments or reasons in a logical order. It's typically best to start with the weakest and end with the strongest.

- Divide your speech into sections, each covering a separate point, and provide sufficient evidence (facts, examples, statistics, etc.) to support your statements.

- Address counterarguments by acknowledging opposing viewpoints and refuting them with evidence. This shows that you've thoughtfully considered other perspectives and reinforces your argument.

c. Conclusion:

- Summarize your main points and restate your thesis statement.

- Emphasize the significance of the issue and the implications if your call-to-action isn't heeded.

- End with a memorable statement or call-to-action that leaves a lasting impression and motivates your audience to take action.

6. Practice, practice, practice: Rehearse your speech multiple times to fine-tune your delivery, timing, and confidence. This will also help you identify and iron out any inconsistencies or weaknesses in your outline.

Remember, the key to a successful persuasive speech is to be well prepared, passionate about your topic, and tailor your content to resonate with your target audience. Good luck!

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How to Write and Structure a Persuasive Speech

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The purpose of a persuasive speech is to convince your audience to agree with an idea or opinion that you present. First, you'll need to choose a side on a controversial topic, then you will write a speech to explain your position, and convince the audience to agree with you.

You can produce an effective persuasive speech if you structure your argument as a solution to a problem. Your first job as a speaker is to convince your audience that a particular problem is important to them, and then you must convince them that you have the solution to make things better.

Note: You don't have to address a real problem. Any need can work as the problem. For example, you could consider the lack of a pet, the need to wash one's hands, or the need to pick a particular sport to play as the "problem."

As an example, let's imagine that you have chosen "Getting Up Early" as your persuasion topic. Your goal will be to persuade classmates to get themselves out of bed an hour earlier every morning. In this instance, the problem could be summed up as "morning chaos."

A standard speech format has an introduction with a great hook statement, three main points, and a summary. Your persuasive speech will be a tailored version of this format.

Before you write the text of your speech, you should sketch an outline that includes your hook statement and three main points.

Writing the Text

The introduction of your speech must be compelling because your audience will make up their minds within a few minutes whether or not they are interested in your topic.

Before you write the full body you should come up with a greeting. Your greeting can be as simple as "Good morning everyone. My name is Frank."

After your greeting, you will offer a hook to capture attention. A hook sentence for the "morning chaos" speech could be a question:

• How many times have you been late for school?
• Does your day begin with shouts and arguments?
• Have you ever missed the bus?

Or your hook could be a statistic or surprising statement:

• More than 50 percent of high school students skip breakfast because they just don't have time to eat.
• Tardy kids drop out of school more often than punctual kids.

Once you have the attention of your audience, follow through to define the topic/problem and introduce your solution. Here's an example of what you might have so far:

Good afternoon, class. Some of you know me, but some of you may not. My name is Frank Godfrey, and I have a question for you. Does your day begin with shouts and arguments? Do you go to school in a bad mood because you've been yelled at, or because you argued with your parent? The chaos you experience in the morning can bring you down and affect your performance at school.

Add the solution:

You can improve your mood and your school performance by adding more time to your morning schedule. You can accomplish this by setting your alarm clock to go off one hour earlier.

Your next task will be to write the body, which will contain the three main points you've come up with to argue your position. Each point will be followed by supporting evidence or anecdotes, and each body paragraph will need to end with a transition statement that leads to the next segment. Here is a sample of three main statements:

• Bad moods caused by morning chaos will affect your workday performance.
• If you skip breakfast to buy time, you're making a harmful health decision.
• (Ending on a cheerful note) You'll enjoy a boost to your self-esteem when you reduce the morning chaos.

After you write three body paragraphs with strong transition statements that make your speech flow, you are ready to work on your summary.

Your summary will re-emphasize your argument and restate your points in slightly different language. This can be a little tricky. You don't want to sound repetitive but will need to repeat what you have said. Find a way to reword the same main points.

Finally, you must make sure to write a clear final sentence or passage to keep yourself from stammering at the end or fading off in an awkward moment. A few examples of graceful exits:

• We all like to sleep. It's hard to get up some mornings, but rest assured that the reward is well worth the effort.
• If you follow these guidelines and make the effort to get up a little bit earlier every day, you'll reap rewards in your home life and on your report card.

Tips for Writing Your Speech

• Don't be confrontational in your argument. You don't need to put down the other side; just convince your audience that your position is correct by using positive assertions.
• Use simple statistics. Don't overwhelm your audience with confusing numbers.
• Don't complicate your speech by going outside the standard "three points" format. While it might seem simplistic, it is a tried and true method for presenting to an audience who is listening as opposed to reading.
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How to Write a Persuasive Speech: from Attractive Outline to Effective Closing

Updated 29 Jul 2024

Persuasive speaking is a skill that can transform your ability to influence and persuade others. The point of such a speech format is to sway others to agree with your perspective or support your stance by using compelling arguments, evidence, and persuasive language.

Whether you're a student who needs to deliver a well-crafted self-introduction speech or a seasoned speaker, enhancing your speaking skills can be a game-changer in various aspects of your life.

In this blog post, we'll explore the ins and outs of persuasive speeches, including what they are, how to write them, and the key elements that make them impactful. You’ll learn how to write a persuasive speech and follow tips from renowned speakers to help you elevate your speaking game.

What is a persuasive speech: definition and key parts

At its core, it is a carefully crafted message designed to sway the audience's beliefs, attitudes, or actions. But you should understand that it's not just about sharing information. Otherwise, it's about stirring emotions, building credibility, and appealing to logic. Creating a winning persuasive speech involves mastering the three persuasion pillars: ethos, pathos, and logos.

• Ethos is all about establishing your credibility as a speaker. You need to win the trust of your audience by showcasing your expertise, integrity, and authority on the topic. Share your qualifications, experiences, and credentials to build trust and credibility right from the start.
• Pathos is about tapping into the emotions of your audience. Indeed, stories, anecdotes, and personal connections connect you with people. Share real-life examples, heartwarming stories, or powerful anecdotes that elicit emotions such as empathy, compassion, or passion ─ it will make your talk memorable and impactful.
• Logos is about using logic and reasoning to support your argument. It is where facts, data, evidence, and logical reasoning come into play. Use statistics, research, case studies, and logical arguments to support your points and make your speech persuasive and compelling.

Your message should flow seamlessly from ethos to pathos to logos when you are building an irresistible persuasive speech. Start by establishing your credibility through ethos, then connect with your audience emotionally through pathos, and finally, back up your points with logical reasoning through logos. If you're thinking, "Help me write me a speech ," you can consider seeking professional speech writing services. These services can provide expert assistance in crafting a persuasive speech that seamlessly transitions from ethos to pathos, and finally logos.

Persuasive speech types: useful examples

Speeches come in different flavors, each with a unique focus and purpose. Let's learn about three main types: factual, value, and policy.

Factual persuasive speeches

If you craft a factual type of speech, you want to persuade the audience by presenting information and evidence backed up by facts. The focus is on providing credible data, research findings, and expert opinions to support the speaker's argument. Factual persuasive speeches are often used in informative settings, where the goal is to present information compellingly that influences the audience's perception or understanding of a topic.

Example : Advocating for the importance of regular exercise by citing scientific research on the health benefits and providing statistical data on the risks of sedentary lifestyles.

Value persuasive speeches

These speeches aim to persuade the audience by appealing to their moral or ethical values. The focus is on presenting arguments that align with the audience's beliefs, values, or moral code. Value persuasive speeches often involve discussing subjective or abstract topics, such as social issues, morality, or personal values, and aim to sway the audience's opinions or attitudes based on their values and emotions.

Example : Arguing for promoting diversity and inclusivity in the workplace by appealing to shared values of fairness, equality, and respect for individuals of all backgrounds.

Policy persuasive speeches

The focus here lies in presenting arguments that advocate for a specific policy change or action to be taken. Policy persuasive speeches are often used in political or advocacy settings, where the speaker seeks to influence the audience's actions or decisions on a particular issue or policy.

Example : Proposing a ban on single-use plastics to reduce environmental pollution and promote sustainable practices. 

Writing a persuasive speech: step-by-step guide

The key to a successful persuasive speech is clearly communicating your message, supporting your arguments with credible evidence, and engaging your audience emotionally and logically. With careful preparation, practice, and confidence, you can deliver a compelling speech that inspires and motivates your audience. 

Step 0: Understand your audience.

Understand who you will be talking to, their values, and interests. It helps you tailor your speech to resonate with them and make your arguments more compelling.

Step 1: Choose a topic that inspires you and do the research.  

You should be passionate about your topic ─ find what resonates with your audience and yourself. If you are unsure what to discuss, gather topics for a persuasive speech first. Use peer-reviewed journals, websites you can trust, and expert opinions to strengthen your speech.

Step 2: Understand your purpose.

You want your readers to stay engaged throughout the entire speech, which is why you need to state what you will be discussing from the beginning. Understanding your purpose is essential because it guides your message and the strategies you use to persuade your audience. Without one, your speech can lack direction, coherence, and impact. A well-defined purpose helps you to tailor your argument, select the most effective evidence, and use persuasive techniques that are appropriate for your audience. 

Step 3: Keep a persuasive speech structure.

A speech typically includes an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. The opening should grab your audience's attention: people should see why you are worth listening to and which point you will be supporting. After, you should uncover your point of view and back it up with arguments and examples. In the very end, make a strong call to action. 

Step 4: Add persuasive language and techniques.

Choose powerful words and phrases that evoke emotions and create a sense of urgency. Use rhetorical devices such as repetition, rhetorical questions, and anecdotes to make your speech more engaging and memorable. Use persuasive techniques such as ethos (appeal to credibility and authority), pathos (appeal to emotions), and logos (appeal to logic and reason) to strengthen your arguments.

Step 5: Practice and refine your speech.

Rehearse your speech multiple times to become familiar with the content and delivery. Practice speaking slowly, clearly, and with appropriate gestures and facial expressions. Time yourself to ensure that your speech fits within the allocated time. Solicit feedback from others and make necessary revisions to improve your speech's clarity, coherence, and persuasiveness.

You can also consider enlisting the help of professional speech writer . They can assist you in creating a compelling and well-structured speech that effectively communicates your message.

A path to a powerful persuasive speech outline 

An outline for your speech may come in handy when you want to ease the stress and pressure of public speaking ─ it helps to organize key arguments, ideals, evidence, and supporting details. You may look at it as a skeleton for the speech that helps you to structure your thoughts and ensure you effectively convey them to your audience. We will look at how to create an outline, taking an example of the mental health issue. 

1. Think of a compelling introduction.

Start with a hook that captures your audience's attention and sets the tone for your persuasive message . 

"Did you know that mental health affects every aspect of our lives, from physical health to relationships and overall well-being?"

2. Smoothly immerse into the topic.

Provide background information on the topic of mental health to establish its significance. 

"Mental health is a critical but often overlooked aspect of our overall health and well-being. It encompasses our emotional, psychological, and social well-being and is crucial in our daily lives."

3. Clearly state your point of view.

Outline the main points or arguments to support your persuasive message about mental health. For example:

Importance of destigmatizing mental illness: Share stories or testimonials from individuals who have experienced stigma related to mental health and highlight the need for a more compassionate and understanding society.

4. Present a solid foundation of facts.

Support your thesis statement with credible facts, statistics, anecdotes, or examples reinforcing your persuasive message. For example:

"As someone who has personally witnessed the impact of mental health challenges in my family, I know firsthand the importance of raising awareness and promoting support for mental health initiatives."

5. Anticipate counterarguments.

Acknowledge potential counterarguments and provide rebuttals to address them. This way, your message will look more reputable. 

"Mental health issues are not real illnesses, and people should just 'snap out of it' or 'toughen up.'" Then, offer evidence why it does not work like that. 

6. Conclude with a powerful call to action.

Summarize your main points and conclude your speech with a compelling call to action, urging your audience to take specific steps to support your persuasive message.

"Destigmatizing mental illness, promoting mental health awareness, and offering support to those in need are crucial steps towards creating a more compassionate and inclusive society. Let us all take action today to support mental health and make a positive difference in the lives of individuals and communities."

Tips for Writing Persuasive Speech 

Don't be confrontational in your argument. People are more likely to change their beliefs or behavior when they feel respected and heard, rather than attacked or belittled. That’s why you don't need to put down the other side; just convince your audience that your position is correct by using positive assertions.

Use simple statistics.  Don't overwhelm your audience with confusing numbers. Simple statistics are much more useful because it helps the audience to understand and remember the numbers. By using statistics that are relevant, accurate, and easy to digest, you will only enhance your credibility. 

Don't complicate your speech.  Going outside the standard "three points" format may complicate your speech. You may want to get creative but do not go overboard by changing the format. The human brain is wired to process information in chunks, and breaking your message down into three main points makes it easier for your audience to absorb and retain. 

Master your self-introduction speech.  By practicing and creating a solid self-introduction speech, you will establish a connection and create a favorable impression for the audience from the very first minutes. 

Learn from famous speakers.  Study talks from famous persuasive speakers, such as Martin Luther King Jr., Winston Churchill, or Barack Obama, and learn from their techniques, style, and delivery.

Use storytelling.  Tell compelling stories that relate to your topic and resonate with your audience. Stories are powerful tools for conveying emotions, illustrating concepts, and making your speech more engaging and relatable.

Authenticity is a key.  When writing a speech, be genuine, sincere, and passionate about your topic. Avoid overly scripted or robotic language, and be yourself throughout your speech.

What is the key to a good persuasive speech? 

A persuasion is a set of ethos (credibility), logos (logic), and pathos (emotion) ─ use all three elements in your speech to sound persuasive. 

Which opening should I use for a persuasive speech? 

It should start with an opening that grabs readers’ attention: it can be a powerful quote, a compelling anecdote, a surprising fact or statistic, a rhetorical question, or a bold statement. Utilizing a commemorative speech is an effective way to engage the audience (check our tips for choosing topics for commemorative speeches ). Once you catch the attention of your audience, make sure to clearly explain your topic idea.

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Written by Meredith Anderson

Meredith, a dedicated editor at EduBirdie, specializes in academic writing. Her keen eye for grammar and structure ensures flawless papers, while her insightful feedback helps students improve their writing skills and achieve higher grades.

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Persuasive Speeches — Types, Topics, and Examples

What is a persuasive speech.

In a persuasive speech, the speaker aims to convince the audience to accept a particular perspective on a person, place, object, idea, etc. The speaker strives to cause the audience to accept the point of view presented in the speech.

The success of a persuasive speech often relies on the speaker’s use of ethos, pathos, and logos.

Ethos is the speaker’s credibility. Audiences are more likely to accept an argument if they find the speaker trustworthy. To establish credibility during a persuasive speech, speakers can do the following:

Use familiar language.

Select examples that connect to the specific audience.

Utilize credible and well-known sources.

Logically structure the speech in an audience-friendly way.

Use appropriate eye contact, volume, pacing, and inflection.

Pathos appeals to the audience’s emotions. Speakers who create an emotional bond with their audience are typically more convincing. Tapping into the audience’s emotions can be accomplished through the following:

Select evidence that can elicit an emotional response.

Use emotionally-charged words. (The city has a problem … vs. The city has a disease …)

Incorporate analogies and metaphors that connect to a specific emotion to draw a parallel between the reference and topic.

Utilize vivid imagery and sensory words, allowing the audience to visualize the information.

Employ an appropriate tone, inflection, and pace to reflect the emotion.

Logos appeals to the audience’s logic by offering supporting evidence. Speakers can improve their logical appeal in the following ways:

Use comprehensive evidence the audience can understand.

Confirm the evidence logically supports the argument’s claims and stems from credible sources.

Ensure that evidence is specific and avoid any vague or questionable information.

Types of persuasive speeches

The three main types of persuasive speeches are factual, value, and policy.

A factual persuasive speech focuses solely on factual information to prove the existence or absence of something through substantial proof. This is the only type of persuasive speech that exclusively uses objective information rather than subjective. As such, the argument does not rely on the speaker’s interpretation of the information. Essentially, a factual persuasive speech includes historical controversy, a question of current existence, or a prediction:

Historical controversy concerns whether an event happened or whether an object actually existed.

Questions of current existence involve the knowledge that something is currently happening.

Predictions incorporate the analysis of patterns to convince the audience that an event will happen again.

A value persuasive speech concerns the morality of a certain topic. Speakers incorporate facts within these speeches; however, the speaker’s interpretation of those facts creates the argument. These speeches are highly subjective, so the argument cannot be proven to be absolutely true or false.

A policy persuasive speech centers around the speaker’s support or rejection of a public policy, rule, or law. Much like a value speech, speakers provide evidence supporting their viewpoint; however, they provide subjective conclusions based on the facts they provide.

How to write a persuasive speech

Incorporate the following steps when writing a persuasive speech:

Step 1 – Identify the type of persuasive speech (factual, value, or policy) that will help accomplish the goal of the presentation.

Step 2 – Select a good persuasive speech topic to accomplish the goal and choose a position .

Step 3 – Locate credible and reliable sources and identify evidence in support of the topic/position. Revisit Step 2 if there is a lack of relevant resources.

Step 4 – Identify the audience and understand their baseline attitude about the topic.

Step 5 – When constructing an introduction , keep the following questions in mind:

What’s the topic of the speech?

What’s the occasion?

Who’s the audience?

What’s the purpose of the speech?

Step 6 – Utilize the evidence within the previously identified sources to construct the body of the speech. Keeping the audience in mind, determine which pieces of evidence can best help develop the argument. Discuss each point in detail, allowing the audience to understand how the facts support the perspective.

Step 7 – Addressing counterarguments can help speakers build their credibility, as it highlights their breadth of knowledge.

Step 8 – Conclude the speech with an overview of the central purpose and how the main ideas identified in the body support the overall argument.

Persuasive speech outline

One of the best ways to prepare a great persuasive speech is by using an outline. When structuring an outline, include an introduction, body, and conclusion:

Introduction

Attention Grabbers

Ask a question that allows the audience to respond in a non-verbal way; ask a rhetorical question that makes the audience think of the topic without requiring a response.

Incorporate a well-known quote that introduces the topic. Using the words of a celebrated individual gives credibility and authority to the information in the speech.

Offer a startling statement or information about the topic, typically done using data or statistics.

Provide a brief anecdote or story that relates to the topic.

Starting a speech with a humorous statement often makes the audience more comfortable with the speaker.

Provide information on how the selected topic may impact the audience .

Include any background information pertinent to the topic that the audience needs to know to understand the speech in its entirety.

Give the thesis statement in connection to the main topic and identify the main ideas that will help accomplish the central purpose.

Identify evidence

Summarize its meaning

Explain how it helps prove the support/main claim

Evidence 3 (Continue as needed)

Support 3 (Continue as needed)

Restate thesis

Review main supports

Concluding statement

Give the audience a call to action to do something specific.

Identify the overall importan ce of the topic and position.

Persuasive speech topics

The following table identifies some common or interesting persuasive speech topics for high school and college students:

Persuasive speech examples

The following list identifies some of history’s most famous persuasive speeches:

John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address: “Ask Not What Your Country Can Do for You”

Lyndon B. Johnson: “We Shall Overcome”

Marc Antony: “Friends, Romans, Countrymen…” in William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar

Ronald Reagan: “Tear Down this Wall”

Sojourner Truth: “Ain’t I a Woman?”

Types of Signposting: 10 Examples of Signposts in Speech

Have you ever noticed that sometimes it feels like the presenter is guiding you on a journey with his or her speech? When considering a speech, a signpost is crucial as it helps to keep the audience’s attention and navigate them through the speech.

What is signposting in Speech? 

Signposts can be displayed as a physical change of direction or a deliberate movement of the speaker. It is a speech technique that helps you connect what you’re about to say next with what you said previously.

In this article, you will learn more about the types of signposts and the examples of signposting for effective audience engagement.

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Types of Signposting in Speech

1. single words signposting, 2. short phrases signposting.

Signposting can be achieved with short phrases such as; in conclusion, in contrast, an additional point is, etc.

3. Whole sentence/Long phrases signposting

Long phrases can also be used for signposting, and they include: having discussed the liability of the research, I want to leave you with the following thoughts, this report will next address its validity, etc.

4. Visual Cues Signposting

How to effectively use signposting in public speaking.

Alex Lyon, Communication skills expert and coach, shares a ton of valuable insights and tips on youtube about how to become a better speaker and presenter. Here’s a video on how to more effectively use signposts in public speaking.

Examples of Signposts in Speech

Examples to use while moving on to a new point:

“Now, let’s move on to point number 3, where we will be discussing…”

“Now that we have discussed…, I would like to talk about…”

From these examples, you can see how indicative the language of movement is, taking the audience from one point to another.

If you need to go into details on a point or about a topic, the use of signposts gives the audience the signal of expansion.

“Let me talk more in-depth about…”

Using these signposts will enable the audience to know there is more information coming on a particular topic or area. It also makes the audience aware that the speaker is still on the same topic but will be discussing it in more details.

“Conversely, …”

This signpost gives the audience a clearer idea of what the speaker is conveying.

When trying to change a topic completely, it is of high importance that the audience are aware so that they can go along with you on the journey.

“As a side note…”

Going off on a tangent during a speech sometimes help get or bring back the audience’s attention.

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An easy guide to all 15 types of speech.

We keep learning that there are three types of speeches, informative speeches, persuasive speeches and special occasion speeches. However, I believe and know that there are many more such as debates, motivational speeches, forensic speeches, impromptu speeches, eulogy, and so on. Here’s a growing list of over 13 types of speech and tips on how…

“Moreover …”

“This is really important, therefore, I am going to say it again…”

“Recapping on the previous point I made about…”

“Remember when I said…”

This mostly occurs when you tell a story at the beginning of your speech. You may be able to draw a lot of learnings from that particular story.

Summaries are quite important when giving a speech. You create a point, elaborate the point, and then summarize that very point.

Summarizing a speech gives the audience a better understanding of the information you have passed across to them in a nutshell.

“To summarize the report…”

“In conclusion…”

When the audience hears a concluding signpost, they often pay more attention because they can pick up somethings they must have missed during the main speech.

One of the Types of Signposting – Visual Signposts in Speech

For instance, as you are closing your presentation and share your final remarks, you may go into a Q&A session and showcase an image saying that. (We shared this above)

After going through all the phases of delivery of your speech, you can also share a final THANK YOU slide, which will signal the END of your presentation for the audience.

A speech without a clear structure will fail to win the audience’s interest, whereas an effectively used signposting gives the audience confidence and helps them navigate their way through the speech.

Ryan Mclean. What is Signpost in Public speaking? 9 Examples .

Speak for Success. Public Speaking Signposts: Verbal, visual, and Occupy Wall Streets signs

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The art of persuasive speech: How to speak with confidence

Phoebe Perelman

The spoken word is a catalyst for change. From the boardroom, to the newsroom, to the courtroom, to the dining room – words are used not only to inform, but to influence. Every speech you give and conversation you have are opportunities to shape the world around you. In our inundated information economy, the value of your ideas is determined by your ability to persuade.

What is a persuasive speech?

A persuasive speech is a form of communication intended to influence the beliefs, attitudes, and actions of others. Whether you’re an L&D leader shaping organizational culture, a sales manager overseeing a team, or a social media strategist responsible for justifying ad spend, persuasive speaking is an integral part of your job description.

I’m sure you can think of some prime persuasive speech examples. Maybe Martin Luther King, Jr.’s ‘I Have a Dream’ speech comes to mind. Or Al Gore’s ‘Inconvenient Truth.’ Or maybe that time your daughter tried to convince you to adopt a ferret.

Persuasive speeches come in many forms, but some persuasive speeches move masses (or result in new family mascots), while others don’t make a dent. Why?

Why your persuasive speaking might not be working

If you’ve ever failed to foster organizational change, close a deal, or motivate a team, you may be thinking more about what you want to say than what the audience needs to hear. We’ve all been there! But in order to persuade people, you first need to understand them.

Reason #1: Not studying your audience

Put yourself in the audience members’ shoes by answering the following questions:

• Who are they?
• What do they do?
• What do they dream of?
• What keeps them lying awake at night?
• How will your idea, product, or point of view benefit them or solve a problem they care about?
• What are their existing feelings and beliefs about the topic at hand?

By considering what they care about, you can determine the type of content they’ll resonate with. And by acknowledging their resistance points, you can prepare to address any counterarguments or rebuttals.

Reason #2: Not using enough data

Another common pitfall we see is when speakers lean too heavily into emotional content without including any supporting evidence. Your argument will stall quickly if there’s no research, data, or other qualitative and quantitative metrics to back up your Big Idea™.

Reason #3: Not communicating your data well

On the opposite spectrum, speakers can also lean too heavily into logical content, relying solely on facts and figures with no story. “ Data doesn’t speak for itselfe , it needs a good storyteller,” says Nancy Duarte, CEO of Duarte Inc. “The findings [from the data] can stay buried without the help of a communicator.”

Neither instance is ideal. Persuasive speeches and presentations alike require a rhetorical juggling act with three specific elements.

You can learn more about this in our best-selling workshop, Duarte DataStory®. It was specifically designed to help professionals in data-intense roles learn how to communicate better, and tell stories through their data, to win buy-in.

How do you craft a persuasive speech?

Persuasive speeches need three imperative components. And these three persuasive speaking components have held true for over 2,000 years. We all have Aristotle to thank for this timeless wisdom. They are ethos, pathos, and logos, and we’ll go into why they are needed when you begin to structure your persuasive speech.

3 components of a persuasive speech structure

Make sure your persuasive speech structure includes some aspect of the three below elements. They are a huge tool for ensuring your persuasive presentation is a success.

Ethos: Establishing credibility

Establishing credibility as a speaker is crucial to winning over an audience. After all, would you take advice from a doctor who hadn’t gone through medical school? I think not. People are more likely to listen to someone they perceive as:

• Knowledgeable
• Trustworthy
• And ethical

You can establish credibility by demonstrating confidence, conveying your expertise, and sharing relevant experience (in a humble, non-braggy way of course).

Pathos: Emotional appeal

One of the most effective persuasive strategies is tapping into the emotions of your audience. We can learn a lot about emotional appeal by looking at advertisements. Companies aren’t just selling a product – they’re selling a feeling, or a better state of being. Cars become calls to adventure, clothing becomes a boost of confidence, and software becomes a time-saver. These outcomes are illustrated through stories, metaphors, and vivid language or imagery. The same tactics can be incorporated into a persuasive speech.

Logos: Logical appeal

No matter how trustworthy you seem, or how compelling your stories are, most people need tangible proof. That’s why concrete evidence is essential to any speech or presentation. Include facts, statistics, customer examples, and expert validation to bolster your claims and enhance the credibility of your message.

As I said above, it’s important to cover your bases and include elements of all three persuasive appeals when outlining your main messages. Speaking of outlines…

How to use a persuasive speech outline

Now that you have your three components for your persuasive speech structure, it’s time to make your persuasive speech outline.

Step 1. Identify your Big Idea™

Start by determining a Big Idea™ for your talk. What is the main point you want the audience to walk away with? This will serve as a thesis of sorts.

Step 2: Compile content to validate your Big Idea™

Next, determine what key messages you need to make to validate your Big Idea™. These may include problems, solutions, topics, specific events, periods in time, etc. You can then start to organize these messages into chapters.

Step 3: Gather supporting points

Once you’ve defined your chapters, you can add supporting points. Those are your stats, quotes, stories, use cases, metaphors, personal anecdotes, etc.

Step 4: Read it back and fill in gaps

Your outline is probably looking good by now, but you’re not quite done. Review your outline out loud to see how it transitions from one point to the next. This is your chance to rearrange and reconsider your content. Ask yourself:

• Does my outline address the audience-specific questions posed earlier?
• Have I incorporated every side of the rhetorical triangle?
• Does it flow?
• Am I using contrast to keep my audience engaged?

Once you feel good about the messy middle of your presentation, start to brainstorm a captivating hook and compelling call to action.

Step 5: Determine your visual aids for your persuasive speech

Visual aids come in all shapes and sizes. Depending on your audience size, goals, and intent, there are a multitude of options when it comes to selecting the right visual aid for your persuasive speech. We’ve covered the topic of how to choose the right visual aid for your speech, so let’s assume is a presentation (our specialty!)

What is a persuasive presentation?

A persuasive presentation is when you choose to deliver your persuasive speech with the use of a digital presentation deck. This is typically done with slide presentation software, and they usually have helpful features like speaker notes or slide templates to help you tell your story in a visually appealing way.

Presentations offer something that speeches don’t: visuals. Visuals enhance your ability to elicit emotion and provide supporting evidence.

The most persuasive slides are simple, easy to understand, and complementary to your verbal message. So, keep your main message in mind, stick to one idea per slide, and make sure your slides can pass the Glance Test™.

Want more info on slide design principles? Allow me to save you some reading time by directing you to our on-demand webinar: Designing slides and visual aids that pop.

What is a call-to-action speech?

If you don’t intend to move someone with your persuasive presentation, then you might as well send an email. A call-to-action speech is the same as a persuasive speech. It should move your audience into action through the art of persuasion.

At Duarte, we believe that every speech is a persuasive speech, and no persuasive speech is complete without a call to action. A call to action is a directive for the audience based on your end goal. What do you want to achieve with this talk and what do you want the audience to do to help you achieve that goal?

• Champion your brand?
• Complete a training course??
• Schedule a second sales conversation?

A call-to-action could also involve changing belief systems or getting the audience to adopt a new point of view. Maybe you don’t need them to act on something, but instead to feel differently about a person, product, or process.

Before developing your CTA, ask yourself: “who are they when they walk in the room, and who do I want them to be when they leave the room?”

What qualities do you need to improve your persuasive communication?

Persuasive speaking involves more than just content. You could have the most robust, audience-centric script, but without public speaking prowess, your efforts will go to waste. The way you deliver your speech or presentation has everything to do with the likelihood of influencing an audience. Capturing and holding an audience’s attention requires a certain type of stage presence. Fortunately, you don’t need to be born with uncanny charisma – you can learn how to leverage your voice and speak with confidence.

The best way to nail your persuasive speech is with Duarte

There’s a lot that goes into persuasive speaking. And that tracks – it’s not easy to change people’s actions and beliefs! The content you choose, the visuals you use, and the way you deliver all play a role in persuasion. And more often than not, it’s helpful to seek an outside perspective to pressure test your persuasive speech.

Duarte works with the world’s biggest brands to develop persuasive stories and visuals that have won countless hearts and minds. From CEOs giving their keynotes to thousands, to product marketers getting their go-to-market product launches just right, we can help!

So, if you’re prepping for a main-stage or career-defining event where you need to influence an outcome, consider working with a persuasive expert from our agency.

If you’re confident in your content, but not in your persuasive stage presence, hone in on delivery by working with a speaker coach.

Or, if you don’t have a specific persuasive presentation to prepare for, but want to learn how to shape ideas into persuasive narratives, you can enroll in a public speaking and presentation skills course like Resonate® that will teach you how to:

• Analyze your audience so you can deliver value, even when they resist
• Clarify the core of your idea
• Create supporting content with the story structure used by history’s greatest communicators
• Distill and communicate complex ideas with clarity

And that concludes the persuasive speaking basics. Let’s recap. The best way to prepare for persuasive speaking opportunities is to:

• Think audience-first
• Consider counterarguments
• Incorporate ethos, logos, and pathos
• Use an outline
• Craft a clear call to action
• Add visuals if possible
• Refine your delivery
• Pressure test with an external perspective (like ours)

Put these tactics to the test before your next persuasive speech and see just how influential you can be.

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Captivate™

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Personalized help for speakers

Up-level your speaking skills with one-on-one support. We’ll help you rehearse your talk, polish your presence, and transform your message delivery.

Presentation Principles™

Learn presentation basics

Follow a step-by-step method to write compelling stories, amplify ideas visually, and present with confidence while learning at your own pace.

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An Example of a Persuasive Speech Outline to Win Over Your Audience in 2024

Leah Nguyen • 08 April, 2024 • 6 min read

The art of persuasion is no easy feat. But with a strategic outline guiding your message, you can effectively convince others of your viewpoint on even the most controversial topics.

Today, we're sharing an example of a persuasive speech outline you can use as a template for crafting your own convincing presentations.

Table of Contents

The three pillars of persuasion, 6-minute persuasive speech examples, 3-minute persuasive speech examples, bottom line, frequently asked questions.

Tips for Audience Engagement

• Speech Persuasive Examples
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Want to move the masses with your message? Master the magical art of persuasion by tapping into the holy-grail trifecta of ethos, pathos and logos.

Ethos - Ethos refers to establishing credibility and character. Speakers use ethos to convince the audience they are a trusted, knowledgeable source on the topic. Tactics include citing expertise, credentials or experience. The audience is more likely to be swayed by someone they perceive as genuine and authoritative.

Pathos - Pathos utilises emotion to persuade. It aims to tap into the audience's feelings by triggering emotions like fear, happiness, outrage and such. Stories, anecdotes, passionate delivery and language that tugs at the heartstrings are tools used to connect on a human level and make the topic feel relevant. This builds empathy and buy-in.

Logos - Logos relies on facts, statistics, logical reasoning and evidence to rationally convince the audience. Data, expert quotes, proof points and clearly explained critical thinking guide listeners to the conclusion through objective-seeming justifications.

The most effective persuasive strategies incorporate all three approaches - establishing ethos to build speaker credibility, employing pathos to engage emotions, and utilising logos to back assertions through facts and logic.

Example of a Persuasive Speech Outline

Here is an example outline for a 6-minute persuasive speech on why schools should start later:

Title : Starting School Later Will Benefit Students' Health and Performance

Specific Purpose : To persuade my audience that high schools should start no earlier than 8:30 a.m. to align better with teenagers' natural sleep cycles.

I. Introduction A. Adolescents are chronically sleep-deprived due to early start times B. Lack of sleep harms health, safety and learning ability C. Delaying school start by even 30 minutes could make a difference

II. Body Paragraph 1 : Early times contradict biology A. Teens' circadian rhythms shift to late-night/morning pattern B. Most do not get sufficient rest due to obligations like sports C. Studies link lack of sleep to obesity, depression and dangers

III. Body Paragraph 2 : Laters starts to boost academics A. Alert, well-rested teens demonstrate improved test scores B. Attention, focus and memory all benefit from adequate sleep C. Fewer absences and tardies reported at later-starting schools

IV. Body Paragraph 3: Community support available A. American Academy of Pediatrics, medical groups endorse change B. Adjusting schedules is feasible and other districts had success C. Later start times are a small change with a large impact

V. Conclusion A. Prioritising student wellness should motivate policy revision B. Delaying the start by even 30 minutes could transform outcomes C. I urge support for biologically aligned school start times

This is an example of a persuasive speech pitching a business proposal to a potential investor:

Title : Investing in a Mobile Car Wash App

Specific Purpose : To convince investors to back the development of a new on-demand mobile car wash app.

I. Introduction A. My experience in the car care and app development industries B. Gap in the market for a convenient, tech-enabled car wash solution C. Preview of potential and investment opportunity

I I. Body Paragraph 1: Large untapped market A. Majority of car owners dislike traditional wash methods B. On-demand economy has disrupted many industries C. App would remove barriers and attract new customers

III. Body Paragraph 2: Superior customer value proposition A. Schedule washes on the go with just a few taps B. Washers come directly to the customer's location C. Transparent pricing and optional upgrades

IV. Body Paragraph 3: Strong financial projections A. Conservative usage and customer acquisition forecasts B. Multiple revenue streams from washes and add-ons C. Projected 5-year ROI and exit valuation

V. Conclusion: A. Gap in the market represents a huge opportunity B. Experienced team and developed app prototype C. Seeking $500,000 seed funding for the app launch D. This is a chance to get in early on the next big thing

In 3 minutes you need a clear thesis, 2-3 main arguments reinforced with facts/examples, and a concise conclusion recapping your request.

Example 1: Title: schools should switch to a 4-day school week Specific purpose: persuade the school board to adopt a 4-day school week schedule. Main points: longer days can cover required learning, increase teacher retention, and save on transportation costs. A longer weekend means more recovery time.

Example 2: Title: companies should offer a 4-day workweek Specific purpose: persuade my manager to propose a 4-day workweek pilot program to upper management Main points: increased productivity, lower costs from less overtime, higher employee satisfaction and less burnout which benefits retention.

Example 3: Title: high schools should allow cell phones in class Specific purpose: convince the PTA to recommend a change in the cell phone policy at my high school Main points: most teachers now use cell phones as educational tools, they engage digital native students, and an occasional approved personal use boosts mental health.

Example 4: Title: all cafeterias should offer vegetarian/vegan options Specific purpose: persuade the school board to implement a universal vegetarian/vegan option in all public school cafeterias Main points: it's healthier, more environmentally sustainable, and respectful of various student diets and beliefs.

An effective outline serves as the backbone for a persuasive presentation that can inspire change.

It ensures your message is clear, cohesive and backed by strong evidence so that your audience leaves empowered instead of confused.

While crafting compelling content is key, taking the time to strategically structure your outline gives you the best chance of winning hearts and minds.

What should a persuasive speech outline look like?

A persuasive speech outline means each point should support your overall thesis. It includes credible sources/references for evidence and also considers anticipated objections and counterarguments. The language should be clear, concise and conversational for oral delivery.

What is an outline for a speech example?

A speech outline should include these sections: Introduction (attention grabber, thesis, preview), body paragraph (state your points and counterarguments ), and a conclusion (wrap up everything from your speech).

Leah Nguyen

Words that convert, stories that stick. I turn complex ideas into engaging narratives - helping audiences learn, remember, and take action.

Tips to Engage with Polls & Trivia

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Example Outlines, Visual Aids, and Speeches

Katie Gruber

Outline Examples

The following are example outlines using the Paragraph Style, with the Introduction & Conclusion in paragraphs, while the Body is formatted in an outline, with consistent symbols and indentations throughout. Each point may have further explanation with a subpoint or even a sub-sub-point. A works cited/reference page follows.  The following outlines use the Paragraph Style and are works created from students at Middle Tennessee State University.

Making Guacamole like a Pro

Katie Gruber, Spring 2022

Informative Preparation Outline Example

Tennessee Lax Laws

Savannah Bowen, MTSU student, Fall 2019

Edited by Katie Gruber, Fall 2022

Persuasive Speech Outline Example

Addressing Anxiety & Stress

MTSU student, Fall 2022

Persuasive Final Draft_Anxiety

Tennessee Gun Laws

Donovan Bates, MTSU student, Fall 2022

FD Outline_Persuasive

Reforming the TSA

Christopher Keys, MTSU student, Fall 2022

Persuasive Speech Outline Final Draft

Getting Rid of Daylight Savings Time

MTSU student, Fall 2023

Persuasive Speech Final Draft

Grass-fed Beef is Not the Future

Carol Hopson, MTSU student, Fall 2023

Persuasive Outline

Speech of Tribute

Bella Wilson-Young, MTSU student, Fall 2022

Commemorative Speech

Visual Aid Example

Finally, your speech may require a visual aid in the form of a slide deck or Prezi.  Below is an example of a simple and effective slide deck using PowerPoint, which accompanied a persuasive speech on sex education. Remember that visual aids are visually  stimulating, and the audience will be drawn to them, and distracted by them if not relevant. Once you are finished speaking about a particular image or graph, you should “put it away” or show a blank slide. Notice, too, that the graphs she used were from reputable sources [found via the Statista database] and filled the entire slide space. Be certain to maximize any images to ensure that your entire audience can see your images. Just as you should project your voice, you should project  your images!

Why We Need Better Sex Education

Alyssa Dunn, MTSU student, Spring 2021

Speech Examples

Persuasive Speaking, using Monroe’s Motivated Sequence – MTSU student, Fall 2020

Persuasive Speech – Why We Should Use Social Media Less – YouTube

Special Occasion Speaking – MTSU student, Fall 2021

Daysen’s Eulogy – YouTube

Principles of Public Speaking Copyright © 2022 by Katie Gruber is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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49 Sample Persuasive Speech Outline

Student Example

Persuasive Speech Outline

• This is a student example of Monroe’s Motivated Sequence.
• This student’s outline is well developed, coherent, integrates research, follows a strong organizational pattern, and meets all expectations of an outline in a public speaking course.
• Click on the Google Document provided for a sample speech outline.

Public Speaking Copyright © by Dr. Layne Goodman; Amber Green, M.A.; and Various is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Ultimate Guide to Using Signposts in Speeches

Hrideep barot.

• Presentation , Public Speaking

Welcome to the Ultimate Guide to Using Signposts in Speeches! In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the world of signposts in speeches, starting with the fundamental question: What is a signpost in speech?

What is a Signpost in speech?

A signpost in speech refers to a clear and concise verbal or visual cue used by speakers to signal key points, transitions, or shifts in their presentations. These signposts serve as guiding markers for the audience, helping them navigate through the speech’s content and structure with ease. Think of them as directional road signs, pointing the way and providing valuable context for the audience to follow the speaker’s message effectively.

Now that we have a basic understanding of what a signpost in speech entails, let’s delve deeper into the various types of signposts and how they can enhance the impact of your presentations.

Why are Signposts used in an effective speech?

Signposts are indispensable tools in the realm of public speaking, playing a pivotal role in guiding both speakers and audiences through the intricate journey of a speech . To appreciate their significance fully, let’s delve into the reasons why signposts are not just a valuable addition but a fundamental necessity in any effective speech.

1. Clarity and Structure:

Signposts are the architectural blueprints of a speech. They establish a clear and logical structure that ensures your audience doesn’t get lost in the labyrinth of your words. Think of them as road signs on a journey; they tell your listeners where they are and where they’re headed, making the path comprehensible and predictable.

2. Enhanced Comprehension:

In an age characterized by information overload, the ability to grasp and retain information is a precious commodity. Signposts act as cognitive guides, helping your audience understand the relationships between various parts of your speech. By doing so, they facilitate comprehension, making it easier for listeners to process and remember your message.

3. Engagement:

Imagine listening to a speech with no signposts – it’s akin to wandering in a featureless desert without a map. The absence of clear markers can lead to disengagement and confusion among your audience. Effective signposting, on the other hand, keeps your listeners actively engaged by providing a framework that allows them to anticipate, follow, and participate in your presentation.

4. Retention of Information:

Human memory has its quirks and limitations. Signposts offer a solution. By highlighting key points or summarizing the content you’ve covered, they serve as memory aids. Repetition, often employed in signposting, reinforces important takeaways, increasing the likelihood that your message will stick with your audience.

5. Professionalism:

Incorporating signposts into your speech demonstrates professionalism and meticulous planning. It sends a message that you’ve organized your content thoughtfully and are committed to delivering a coherent and structured presentation. This professionalism enhances your credibility as a speaker.

6. Smooth Transitions:

Transitions are the connective tissue of your speech. Navigating from one point to another can be a precarious endeavor, but signposts are your safety net. They ensure seamless transitions between different parts of your speech, maintaining the flow and preventing abrupt shifts that can confuse your audience.

7. Respect for Your Audience’s Time:

Signposts are a show of respect for your audience’s time. They help you steer clear of tangents and unnecessary digressions, sending a clear signal that you value your listeners’ time and are committed to delivering a concise and organized presentation.

8. Reduced Anxiety:

Public speaking often accompanies anxiety. It’s a natural response to standing before an audience. Signposts alleviate this anxiety by providing a mental roadmap when you know where you’re going and how you’ll get there, your confidence soars, leading to an improved overall delivery.

9. Active Listening:

Signposts encourage active listening. When your audience knows what to expect – whether it’s a new topic, a key point, or a transition – they become more engaged in the listening process. Active listening enhances comprehension and retention.

10. Adaptability:

Every speech is a live performance. Signposts offer flexibility. They allow you to gauge your audience’s reactions and adjust your speech accordingly. If you sense confusion or the need to emphasize a particular point, you can strategically use signposts to address these needs in real time.

In conclusion, signposts are the unsung heroes of effective public speaking. They provide clarity, enhance comprehension, boost engagement, and contribute to the overall success of your speech. Understanding and harnessing their power allows you to take your public speaking skills to new heights, captivating your audience and leaving a lasting impact.

How should you use Signpost? 

While understanding the significance of signposts is essential, knowing how to use them effectively is equally crucial. Here, we explore the art of incorporating signposts into your speech, ensuring that they serve as valuable guiding lights throughout your presentation.

1. Start with the Basics:

Begin by incorporating fundamental signposts that introduce the different sections or segments of your speech. These can include opening statements, section titles, and key takeaways. Such signposts set the stage for your audience, providing an initial framework for what to expect.

2. Strategic Placement:

Signposts should be strategically placed throughout your speech. They shouldn’t be confined solely to the beginning or end. Distribute them evenly to guide your audience through each part of your presentation. Consider using them at natural transition points, such as when you move from one idea to the next.

3. Be Concise:

Signposts are meant to be concise and to the point. They shouldn’t overshadow your content but rather enhance its accessibility. A lengthy signpost can confuse your audience instead of guiding them. Keep them brief and focused on the main message or theme of each section.

4. Utilize Verbal and Non-Verbal Cues:

Verbal signposts involve explicitly stating what comes next. For example, “Now, let’s move on to our second point,” serves as a clear verbal signpost. Non-verbal cues can include pausing briefly before introducing a new section, changing your tone of voice, or using gestures to emphasize a transition.

5. Summarize Key Points:

One effective way to use signposts is by summarizing the key points or takeaways of a section before diving into it. This primes your audience, ensuring they know what to look for and what information is essential. It also reinforces important concepts.

6. Maintain Consistency:

Consistency in your signposting style is crucial. If you use specific phrases or signals to introduce different sections, stick to them throughout your speech. This consistency helps your audience become familiar with your signposting patterns, making your speech more predictable and easier to follow.

7. Align with Your Audience’s Needs:

Consider your audience’s needs and expectations when using signposts. What will help them follow your presentation more effectively? Are there complex concepts that require extra explanation? Tailor your signposts to cater to your specific audience’s understanding and engagement.

8. Gauge Audience Reaction:

Stay attuned to your audience’s reactions. If you notice signs of confusion or disinterest, it may be time to revisit your signposting strategy. You can use signposts to redirect their attention, emphasize crucial points, or reframe information to regain their engagement.

9. Practice and Feedback:

Effective signposting requires practice. Rehearse your speech while paying attention to the timing and delivery of your signposts. Seek feedback from peers or mentors to refine your technique. They can provide valuable insights into the clarity and effectiveness of your signposts.

10. Evolve with Experience:

As you gain experience in public speaking, your signposting skills will naturally evolve. Pay attention to what works well in your speeches and what doesn’t. Continuously refine your signposting approach based on audience feedback and your growth as a speaker.

Incorporating signposts into your speech is an art that, when mastered, can significantly enhance your effectiveness as a communicator. By following these guidelines and practicing consistently, you’ll be well on your way to guiding your audience seamlessly through your presentations, leaving a lasting impact.

What are the different types of Signposts?

There are various types of signposts that speakers can use in their speeches to guide their audience and make their message more effective. Signposts serve as roadmaps for the audience, helping them navigate through the speech and understand its structure and key points. Here are some different types of signposts:

1. Numerical Signposts:  

These signposts involve the use of numbers to indicate the order or sequence of points in a speech. For example, a speaker might say, “First, let’s discuss the causes of climate change. Second, we’ll explore its effects, and third, we’ll look at potential solutions.”

2. Time-Based Signposts:

 Time-based signposts refer to the use of time-related words or phrases to indicate when something occurred or will occur. For instance, a speaker might use words like “now,” “next,” “in the past,” or “in the future” to guide the audience’s understanding of the timeline of events.

3. Spatial Signposts:  

Spatial signposts involve using words or phrases related to space or location. These can help the audience visualize the physical arrangement or relationship between objects or ideas. For example, a speaker might say, “To the left of the screen, you’ll see a graph representing our sales data.”

4. Sequential Signposts:  

Sequential signposts indicate a step-by-step process or a chronological sequence of events. They help the audience follow along with a series of actions or developments. Phrases like “firstly,” “secondly,” “then,” and “finally” are commonly used for sequential signposting.

5. Comparative Signposts:  

Comparative signposts involve highlighting similarities or differences between ideas, concepts, or objects. They help the audience make connections and distinctions. A speaker might say, “In contrast to our competitors, our product offers unique features that set it apart.”

6. Causal Signposts:  

Causal signposts indicate cause-and-effect relationships between ideas or events. They help the audience understand why something happened or the consequences of certain actions. Phrases like “as a result,” “because of,” and “therefore” are used for causal signposting.

7. Summary Signposts:  

Summary signposts are used to recap or summarize key points made in the speech. They serve as reminders for the audience and reinforce important information. A speaker might say, “To sum up, we’ve discussed the main benefits of our new product: cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability.”

8. Transition Signposts:  

Transition signposts are used to smoothly transition from one point or section of the speech to another. They help maintain the flow and coherence of the speech. Common transition words and phrases include “moving on,” “now let’s shift our focus to,” and “with that in mind.”

9. Questioning Signposts:  

Questioning signposts involve posing questions to the audience to stimulate their thinking or engagement. For example, a speaker might ask, “Have you ever wondered why this issue is so important?” This encourages the audience to reflect on the topic.

10. Quotation Signposts: 

Quotation signposts involve incorporating relevant quotes from experts, sources, or notable figures to support or emphasize a point. The speaker may introduce a quote with phrases like “According to,” “As stated by,” or “In the words of.”

11. Emphasis Signposts:  

Emphasis signposts are used to highlight specific words or phrases for emphasis or clarity. They can be achieved through changes in tone, volume, or pacing. For instance, a speaker might say, “This is the most crucial aspect of our strategy: teamwork.”

12. Contrast Signposts: 

Contrast signposts draw attention to differences between two or more elements. They help the audience discern distinctions and understand the significance of those differences. Phrases like “on the other hand” and “in contrast” are commonly used.

By incorporating these different types of signposts into their speeches, speakers can enhance the overall structure, coherence, and audience understanding of their message. Signposts act as valuable cues, ensuring that the audience remains engaged and follows the speaker’s narrative with ease.

Signpost in Speech Examples:

– using signposts such as first:  .

This signpost is commonly used at the beginning of a speech to introduce the initial point or topic of discussion. It serves as a clear indicator to the audience that a new idea is about to be presented. For instance, in a presentation about climate change, you might say, “Firstly, let’s address the importance of environmental conservation.” This signpost not only introduces the topic but also sets the stage for what’s to come, helping the audience mentally prepare for the upcoming information.

The “next” signpost is used to transition smoothly from one point or idea to the next one. It maintains the flow of the speech and lets the audience know that you’re moving on to a related topic. For example, in a speech about sustainable living, you could say, “Next, we’ll explore the various strategies for reducing our carbon footprint.” This signpost provides a logical sequence to your presentation, making it easier for the audience to follow your narrative.

-Furthermore:

“Furthermore” is employed to emphasize additional information or supporting details regarding a particular point. It signals to the audience that there’s more to consider on the topic at hand. In a speech on the benefits of recycling, you might say, “Furthermore, research has shown that reducing waste can significantly benefit the environment.” This signpost strengthens your argument by presenting supporting evidence or insights.

– In contrast:  

When you want to highlight a differing perspective or opposing viewpoint, “in contrast” is a valuable signpost. It helps you acknowledge alternative opinions or arguments while reinforcing your stance. For instance, in a debate about economic growth versus environmental conservation, you could say, “In contrast, some argue that economic growth should take precedence over environmental concerns.” This signpost encourages critical thinking by presenting contrasting viewpoints.

– As a result:  

This signpost is essential for indicating the consequence or outcome of a previous point or argument. It connects the dots for the audience, showing them the cause-and-effect relationship between ideas. In a discussion about pollution, you might say, “As a result, we can see that pollution levels have continued to rise.” This signpost adds depth to your speech by demonstrating the real-world implications of your points.

-In conclusion:  

When you’re nearing the end of your speech, “in conclusion” is a powerful signpost to use. It signals to the audience that you’re summarising key points and wrapping up your presentation. For instance, in a speech about environmental conservation, you could say, “In conclusion, our collective efforts are crucial in preserving our planet for future generations.” This signpost provides closure and reinforces the main takeaways of your speech.

These examples illustrate how signposts in speech enhance clarity, structure, and engagement, making your presentations more compelling and audience-friendly.

These signposts, in their simplicity and effectiveness, leave a lasting impression on your audience’s minds. They enhance comprehension, provoke thought, and foster inspiration—a testament to the power of effective communication. Your audience may forget individual words, but they will remember how your words made them feel.

Inspirations of a speech with Signposts in it: 

As we delve into this ultimate guide to using signposts in speeches, we embark on a transformative journey to master the art of communication. Signposts become our allies, helping us become more influential, persuasive, and compelling speakers. They empower us to find our unique voice—a voice that resonates with authenticity and purpose.

Much like Robert Frost , who pondered the divergent paths in a yellow wood and chose the one less traveled, we too make choices in our speeches. We use signposts to lead our audience down the path of our narrative, guiding them through the wilderness of ideas. Just as Frost’s words inspire contemplation and decision, our signposts inspire action and understanding.

In the spirit of Langston Hughes , who eloquently asked what happens to a dream deferred, we understand that unspoken ideas remain dormant until communicated effectively. Signposts act as the conduits for our dreams, transforming them into reality, and allowing our audience to grasp the essence of our aspirations.

And like Maya Angelou , whose words soared with courage and hope, we use signposts to uplift our audience, to help them rise above challenges, and to inspire them to embrace a brighter future.

Conclusion:

In the realm of public speaking, where every word holds the potential to captivate, persuade, and inspire, signposts emerge as guiding stars along your journey to connect with your audience. They serve as beacons of clarity, illuminating the path through the intricate terrain of your speech.

Signposts are like poetic lines in your speech, adding depth and meaning to your narrative. They guide you and your audience, much like the North Star guided sailors through uncharted waters. Just as poets choose their words with precision to convey profound emotions and ideas, speakers employ signposts to navigate through the rich tapestry of their messages.

In summary, by embracing the art of using signposts in our speeches, we open doors to a world of communication enriched by clarity, impact, and connection. Whether our goal is to inform, persuade, or inspire, signposts are the companions that ensure our words find their mark, leaving a lasting legacy in the realm of public speaking. Let us harness the power of signposts and embark on our journey to become masterful orators who shape the future, one compelling speech at a time.

To gain further insight about how to deliver speeches and communication in the workplace you can reach out to us here.

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Chapter 3: Preparing for Your First Speech

Connective Statements: Signposts and Transitions

At this point, you may be thinking that preparing for public speaking does not always follow a completely linear process. In writing the specific purpose statement, you might already have a predetermined structure, and if so, the central idea or thesis sentence flows simply from the specific purpose statement and structure. In other instances, the process may not be as direct and you will need to think more deeply about the best way to organize your speech and write your central idea. Some of the examples shown above, such as the one about the chambers of the heart, fall into the “easy-to-follow” category, but others, such as the development of the Civil Rights movement, would be less easy to follow.

Also at this point, we have worked on the core of the speech: the purpose, the main idea or thesis, and the key main points, also referred to as “Roman numerals” because traditional outline format uses I. through V. for them. You will notice that we have not addressed the introduction or the conclusion. You will find that information in upcoming chapters. That information is in a separate chapter and placed later because it is important and needs special emphasis, not because it is unimportant. Basically, you cannot write an introduction if you do not know what you are introducing. For that reason, even if you are tempted to write your introduction first, you should probably wait until the “core” or “body” of your speech is fairly solid in your mind.

However, there is one aspect beyond the introduction and conclusion that you should prepare and not leave to chance or “ad lib” during the speech. (In fact, you really should not leave anything to chance or “ad lib” in this stage of your development as a public speaker.) That aspect is the connec- tive statements, the subject of the next section.

Connectives or “connective statements” are broad terms that encompass several types of statements or phrases. They are generally designed to help “connect” parts of your speech to make it easier for audience members to follow. Connectives are tools that add to the planned redundancy, and they are methods for helping the audience listen, retain information, and follow your structure. In fact, it is one thing to have a well-organized speech. It is another for the audience to be able to “consume” or understand that organization.

Connectives in general perform a number of functions:

•      Remind the audience of what has come before

•      Remind the audience of the central focus or purpose of the speech

•      Forecast what is coming next

•      Help the audience have a sense of context in the speech—where are we?

•      Explain the logical connection between the previous main idea(s) and next one or previous subpoints and the next one

•      Explain your own mental processes in arranging the material as you have

•      Keep the audience’s attention through repetition and a sense of movement

Connectives can include “internal summaries,” “signposting,” “internal previews” or “bridging statements.” Each of these terms all help connect the main ideas of your speech for the audience, but they have different emphases and are useful for different types of speeches.

Types of connectives and examples

Internal summaries emphasize what has come before and remind the audience of what has been covered.

“So far I have shown how the designers of King Tut’s burial tomb used the antechamber to scare away intruders and the second chamber to prepare royal visitors for the experience of seeing the sarcophagus.”

Internal previews let your audience know what is coming up next in the speech and what to expect with regard to the content of your speech.

“In this next part of the presentation I will share with you what the truly secret and valuable part of the King Tut’s pyramid: his burial chamber and the treasury.”

Transitions serve as bridges between seemingly disconnected (but related) material, most commonly between your main points.

“After looking at how the Cherokee Indians of the North Georgia mountain region were politically important until the 1840s and the Trail of Tears, we can compare their experience with that of the Indians of Central Georgia who did not assimilate in the same way as the Cherokee.”

At a bare minimum your transition is saying, “Now that we have looked at (talked about, etc.) X, let’s look at Y.”

Signposts emphasize the physical movement through the speech content and let the audience know exactly where they are. Signposting can be as simple as “First,” “Next,” “Lastly” or using numbers such as “First,” “Second,” Third,” and “Fourth.” Signposts can also be lengthier, but in general signposting is meant to be a brief way to let your audience know where they are in the speech. It may help to think of these like the mile markers you see along interstates that tell you where you are or like signs letting you know how many more miles until you reach your destination.

“The second aspect of baking chocolate chip cookies is to combine your ingredients in the recommended way.”

Bridging statements emphasize moving the audience psychologically to the next step.

“I have mentioned two huge disadvantages to students who don’t have extracurricular music programs. Let me ask: Is that what we want for your students? If not, what can we do about it?”

There is no standard format for connectives. In any speech there would be multiple ways to help the audience move with you, understand your logic, keep their attention, and remind them of where they have been and where they are going. However, there are a few pieces of advice to keep in mind about connectives.

First, connectives are for connecting. They are not for providing evidence. Save statistics, stories, examples, or new factual information for the sup- porting points of the main ideas of the speech. Use the connectives for the purposes listed above (review, psychological emphasis, etc.) not to provide new examples, facts, or support.

Second, remember that connectives in writing can be relatively short—a word or phrase. In public speaking, connectives need to be a sentence or two. When you first start preparing and practicing connectives, you may feel that you are being too obvious with them and they are “clunky.” Some connectives may seem to be hitting the audience over the head with them like a hammer. While it is possible to overdo connectives, and we have heard speakers do so, it is less likely than you would think. The audience will appreciate them, and as you listen to your classmates’ speeches, you will become aware of when they are present and when they are absent.

Lack of connectives results in hard-to-follow speeches where the information seems to come up unexpectedly or the speaker seems to jump to something new without warning or clarification.

The third piece of advice is that your instructor may want you to include connectives on your outlines in some way to help you start thinking about them. More experienced public speakers have developed the ability to think of transitions, internal previews and summaries, and signposts on the spot, but that skill takes many years to develop.

Fourth, you will also want to vary your connectives and not use the same one all the time. A popular transitional method is the question, such as:

“Now that you know what was in the first chamber of the King Tut’s tomb, you are probably asking, what is in the second tomb? I am glad you asked.”

While this method can occasionally be clever, usually it is not; it is just annoying. The audience didn’t ask, so you don’t want to put words in their mouths. Or this:

“The first, outer layer of the skin is the epidermis, the protection for what lies beneath. But what does lie beneath the epidermis?”

You should also want to avoid the word “so” too much or repeatedly.

Finally, up to this point we have only discussed connectives between the main points. In reality, you will want to think in terms of connectives between any list of subpoints. For example, going back to the example Problem-Solution speech about music in the high schools, you would want a shorter connecting phrase between Subpoint A and B under Main Point I.

“Not only do students without band or choir have lower standardized college test scores, they get involved in more unhealthy activities.”

Admittedly, preparing connectives between subpoints is more difficult, but you also want to avoid jumping to the next idea without warning.

Fundamentals of Public Speaking Copyright © by Lumen Learning is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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