graphic organizer for breaking down assignments

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Data Visualization

12 Graphic Organizer Examples for Teachers and Students

Every teacher wants their students to fully understand the concepts taught in class. However, you may encounter topics that are difficult to teach and understand. It is necessary to employ an innovative approach in order to assist students in comprehending a challenging subject.

Graphic organizers are powerful tools that make complex concepts easier to teach and understand. They also help students develop visual literacy skills . Teachers find graphic organizers helpful for explaining difficult concepts, and students find them engaging. Graphic organizers are also great for presenting research data if, for example, the teacher wants to share a case study with students.

Now, what if you could quickly find and customize graphic organizers without spending hours brainstorming from scratch?Because there is a sea of engaging templates to choose from, you can create compelling visuals with just a few clicks. These graphics can be used for a number of different purposes, including teaching. With Piktochart, you can access and customize engaging graphic organizer templates in minutes – no design skills required. Simply create a free account to get started.

In this article, we will look at the 12 graphic organizer examples that greatly assist teachers and help students retain information for a longer period of time. 

What is a Graphic Organizer?

Graphic organizers are tools that help visually organize information and complex concepts in a way that is easy to understand and memorize. Graphic organizers effectively organize and visualize information by creating links between concepts or facts. By visually illustrating the relationships between concepts, graphic organizers make it easier to analyze and internalize information. 

We know that every mind works differently. Presenting information in a systematic, visual format enables students to follow along at their own pace and grasp relationships more easily than via verbal explanation alone. They can also be an invaluable tool for visual learners.

12 Graphic Organizer Examples for Different Learning Objectives

There are countless types of graphic organizers out there, as information can be organized and visualized in many different ways. We’ll focus on 12 of the most helpful types of graphic organizers for teachers and students, organized by the primary purpose each one serves.

Graphic Organizers for Brainstorming and Organizing Ideas

Some graphic organizers are specifically great for organizing ideas for brainstorming. Here are three examples. 

Mind maps are graphic organizers that organize information in a structured and visually attractive fashion. When a mind map is finished, you will get a structure that looks like a spider web. An example of the graphic organizer is the following mind map on Piktochart . It shows the values of a company, with different values branching out from the central idea, that is, company values . 

We all know that information retention can become quite difficult, especially when a number of different subtopics link to one main topic. A student could use a mind map to break down the taxonomy of living things, with ‘Organisms’ in the center, ‘Kingdoms’ branching out one level, ‘Phyla’ branching out from each ‘Kingdom’ and so on.  

Concept Map

Concept maps are another type of graphic organizer that excels at representing hierarchical information. They use boxes or circles to represent different concepts, with lines or arrows labeled to illustrate the relationships between them.

Concept maps have many uses in educational settings. They help in the sequential understanding of different concepts for students. For example, if a teacher has to break down a country’s government structure, he or she will most likely use a concept map to show the branches and subbranches of different government institutions systematically. 

Cluster Diagram

Cluster or cloud diagrams help brainstorm different ideas around a main concept. This type of graphic organizer is called a cluster because the topic or ideas related to the main idea form a cluster around it. For example, a cluster diagram can assist students determine how much they know about a topic and what areas need further research.

 This type of graphic organizer is very useful when generating ideas for a project or planning its different phases. Cluster diagrams break down a complex subject into smaller parts, both for individuals and for groups, for example, during defining scope of a project in its early stage.  

Graphic Organizers for Comparing and Contrasting

 The next type of graphic organizer helps you to compare two or more concepts. You can use this organizer to compare and contrast ideas, people, events, and policies. For instance, say you’re teaching a unit on different forms of government. You could use a compare and contrast graphic organizer to help students parse out key similarities and differences between a democracy and a dictatorship. This type of graphic organizer will be your go-to option. 

It is important to know that when you use this type of graphic organizer to compare two concepts, you are covering both the similarities and differences between those concepts. However, with contrast, only the differences are mentioned. Some examples of this category of graphic organizers are given below.

Venn Diagram

A Venn Diagram usually comprises two to three overlapping circles. The commonalities between the concepts are written in the shared or overlapping area, whereas all the distinct or unique features are mentioned in the part of the circle that does not overlap with any other circle. 

For example, you could have your students draw Venn diagram for the fruits and vegetables that red or orange. The common area between the two circles will contain vegetables like tomatoes that come in both these categories. The Venn diagram below shows the comparison of mitosis and meiosis. 

Another brilliant graphic organizer for comparing and contrasting is the “T Chart.” A T-chart is simply a table with two columns, usually comparing two items or ideas, or sorting data into categories. This type of graphic organizer is super quick to create and easy to understand, especially for students. T charts can also be used to categorize and jot down pros and cons.

The T chart is a popular option for both teachers and students because its layout is straightforward, and it offers a wide array of functions. For example, if the students are planning to go on a field trip but are not able to choose a location, then T charts can help a great deal. 

Teachers can ask the students to make a T chart of potential places and list the advantages and disadvantages of each of the locations in their respective columns. Also, a T chart is a great graphic organizer to show upsides and downsides of a topic.

Graphic Organizers for Sequencing and Cause-Effect

Next on the list are graphic organizers, which show the sequence or timeline of events. Sequence and timeline graphic organizers are particularly useful for teachers when presenting events in chronological order is important. Some of the graphic organizers that help students visualize the relationships between steps in a process or links in a chain of events are as follows.

A timeline graphic organizer shows a sequence of events in chronological order. History subjects make great use of timelines . Because major historical events can be shown in a proper sequence using a timeline. Along with dates, timelines give the flexibility to mention locations as well. For example, a timeline of the American Revolution could chart major turning points like the Boston Tea Party, the signing of the Declaration of Independence, and the Battle of Yorktown.

Timelines can also be used to show how a certain phenomenon has progressed over time, such as a business’s growth. The Piktochart timeline template below charts key events in the life and reign of Queen Elizabeth II. Notice how the combination of images and concise text makes the chronology engaging and easy to follow. 

This type of graphic organizer shows the steps of a process and how all the steps combine in a sequence to make the process happen. Flowcharts systematically and clearly document and communicate how a process works and what steps are involved in it, from start to finish. When a process is mapped using a flowchart , potential areas or steps of improvement can be identified. 

Cause and Effect Diagram

As the name suggests, a cause-and-effect diagram groups those causes of a problem that either have already happened or might happen. Relationships between different contributing factors can also be shown using a cause-and-effect diagram.

Often referred to as an Ishikawa diagram, or a fishbone diagram, a cause-and-effect visual is one of the basic tools of quality . While often associated with root cause analysis in business and manufacturing, cause-and-effect diagrams are equally powerful for getting to the bottom of issues in the classroom. By mapping out all the potential contributing factors to a problem, students can start to identify patterns and actionable solution.

Source: Noria Corporation

Graphic Organizers for Main Idea and Supporting Details

This category of graphic organizers shows a main idea and its supporting ideas. It defines and visualizes a core concept and all its supporting details. It is a great tool that helps students develop an outline of a topic for better understanding. Some of the examples are given below.

Main Idea Web

This type of graphic organizer starts with a main idea and branches out into related sub-ideas. The key point behind web graphic organizers is sometimes referred to as a light bulb. It is predominantly  used to brainstorm ideas for writing purposes. For example, if a student wrote a report on photosynthesis, they could put “photosynthesis” in the center, then branch out to related subtopics like ‘chloroplasts’, ‘light-dependent reactions’, etc.

Herringbone Diagram

A herringbone diagram is used when processes are involved. This type of web organizer helps you break down variations in a process or causes that lead up to an effect. A herringbone diagram is particularly important for avoiding an event before it happens.

Graphic Organizers for Writing and Note-taking

Another group of graphic organizers we’ll explore focuses on writing and note-taking. Writing, especially essays, proves challenging for many students as they struggle with arranging ideas. Here are a couple of graphic organizers for writing, which can be of great help to you.

Essay writing is an important skill that students use throughout their lives. An essay map graphic organizer is a brilliant tool for students, as it helps them to chalk out the outline in a systematic manner without missing any detail. Once a student is done with his or her essay map, writing becomes a walk in the park.

Cornell Map

This graphic organizer is a popular technique for note-taking. Particularly during lectures and textbook reading, the Cornell Map template comes in handy as it helps students to jot down all the important ideas and information systematically. It usually has a cue column, a note-taking column, and a summary section. 

When students are taking notes, the key ideas, important dates, formulas and other such details would go into the “note-taking” column. They will add questions, cues, and headings in the “cue” column. Whereas, the “summary” section will include a summary of the notes as one or two key learning outcomes. This helps students identify important details when they revise their notes later on.  

Tips for Using Graphic Organizers Effectively

It is important for teachers to use graphic organizers in a manner that maximizes the chances of effective learning. Some of the tips to make sure a graphic organizer effective are given below.

• Simple is Always Better —Your graphic organizers must always be simple. This will help students learn quickly. For example, avoid complete sentences unless absolutely necessary.
• Offer a Variety of Graphic Organizers – Expose your students to different types of graphic organizers day-to-day. This will bring out the best in them in terms of creativity.
• Use the to Assess Student Learning – Give the students a task along with a graphic organizer focused on the skill in focus. Use their graphic organizers to assess their standing in the class. 
• Use them Frequently —Using graphic organizers frequently helps students internalize what is being taught. The more often students use these tools to engage with content, the more adept they’ll become at using them independently. 

A graphic organizer is a tool for teachers to explain complex problems to their students. Similarly, graphic organizers help students visualize the information being taught in class. 

There are different graphic organizers, each suited to a specific purpose or thinking process. Whether it’s brainstorming ideas, comparing and contrasting, sequencing events, mapping out an essay, or taking structured notes, there’s a graphic organizer that can help.Teachers can encourage their students to generate ideas by using graphic organizers in their lessons. Students can use graphic organizers to enhance their writing skills.

Piktochart is a one-stop solution that lets you create your own graphic organizer within seconds. It has both one-pager templates and multi-pager templates to cater to all kinds of requirements. Sign up on Piktochart now and make learning fun!

Wajahat is a technology writer with almost 4 years of experience in tech, data, IoT, and networking. He holds degrees in engineering and finance, offering insights into technology's role in business and productivity.

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19 Graphic Organizer Examples to Simplify Complex Concepts

By Danesh Ramuthi , Nov 28, 2023

Graphic organizers serve as essential visual aids that assist students in structuring and displaying information in a clear, accessible manner. These tools are particularly effective in simplifying and demystifying complex topics, ensuring that intricate concepts are easier to understand and remember.

From Venn diagrams to concept maps, these organizers play a pivotal role in enhancing comprehension and retention of the main idea, especially in educational settings.

Each type of graphic organizer offers a unique approach to organize information, making it easier to grasp complex concepts and brainstorm ideas. These organizers are not just tools for visual representation, but also catalysts for deeper understanding and creative thinking.

Discover these engaging tools on Venngage and sign up today to start creating your own effective graphic organizers for enhanced learning.

By signing up , you gain access to a diverse array of graphic organizer templates, enabling you to create your own effective graphic organizers. 

Click to jump ahead:

Venn diagram

Concept map, double bubble map, hierarchy chart, cluster diagram, sequence chart, idea web graphic organizer, spider map graphic organizer, circle map graphic organizer, hexagon organizer, idea wheel graphic organizer, tree chart graphic organizer, sequence of events chain graphic organizer, cause and effect map graphic organizer, problem-solving chart, organizational chart graphic organizer.

• Bottom line 

A venn diagram is a highly versatile tool used to visually represent the relationships between different sets of items. Typically composed of overlapping circles, each circle represents a distinct set of items or ideas, with the overlapping areas indicating commonalities. 

Venn diagram is particularly effective in comparing and contrasting concepts, highlighting similarities and differences in a straightforward, easily comprehensible manner. Venn diagrams are widely used in various fields ranging from education to business, aiding in problem-solving, data analysis and brainstorming sessions. 

They offer a clear and concise way to visualize the connections and distinctions among multiple groups or concepts, making them an invaluable tool for organizing complex information.

Mind maps are dynamic tools used for brainstorming, planning and organizing thoughts in a visually appealing and structured manner. Centered around a single, central idea, they branch out into various related sub-topics, creating a spider-web-like structure. 

A mind map helps in visualizing the relationships between different ideas, fostering creative thinking and memory retention. Mind maps are commonly used in educational settings for note-taking, essay planning and studying, as well as in business for project planning and strategy development. 

Their flexible nature allows for the integration of words, images and colors, making them an engaging and effective way to explore and expand upon ideas, both simple and complex.

Concept maps are graphical tools used for organizing and representing knowledge. They consist of concepts, usually enclosed in circles or boxes, connected by labeled arrows in a downward-branching hierarchical structure. 

These maps are designed to illustrate the relationships among various concepts, often capturing complex structures of understanding or knowledge. 

Concept maps are particularly useful in educational settings for learning, teaching and assessment, as they encourage deep understanding and integration of new information with existing knowledge. 

In professional contexts, they aid in problem-solving, decision-making and explaining intricate processes or systems. 

Concept maps are a powerful tool for making sense of complex topics by visually breaking them down into more manageable components.

Story maps are specialized graphic organizers used for dissecting and understanding the elements of a story or narrative. They typically focus on identifying key components such as the setting, characters, plot, conflict and resolution. 

By breaking down a story into its fundamental elements, these maps provide a clear framework for analyzing and comprehending narratives. They are particularly useful in educational environments for teaching literary analysis, improving reading comprehension and assisting in creative writing. 

Story maps not only aid students in summarizing and understanding literature but also provide a structured approach for planning and outlining their own stories, ensuring a coherent and well-structured narrative flow.

The double bubble map is an effective graphic organizer used for comparing and contrasting two items, concepts or events. It features two central bubbles representing the items being compared, surrounded by outer bubbles that contain attributes or characteristics of each item. 

The unique aspect of this map is the inclusion of additional bubbles in the overlapping area, highlighting the similarities between the two central items.

A double bubble map provides a clear visual representation of how two entities are alike and different, making it a valuable tool in educational settings for critical thinking exercises, literary analysis and enhancing comprehension of complex topics.

The double bubble map helps students organize information systematically, encouraging them to explore and understand the nuances of comparison and contrast.

A hierarchy chart, also known as an organizational chart, is a graphic organizer that illustrates the structure of an organization or a system. It is structured in a top-down manner, with the highest level at the top (like a CEO or the main concept) and subsequent levels representing different ranks or sub-categories.

This type of chart is crucial for visualizing the chain of command within an organization or the breakdown of complex systems into smaller, more manageable parts.

Hierarchy charts are widely used in business for depicting organizational structures, in education for breaking down concepts and in project management for outlining the structure of a project. They offer a clear, easy-to-understand representation of relationships and roles within any hierarchical system.

The T-chart is a simple yet versatile graphic organizer that helps in comparing two aspects of a single topic. It consists of a large ‘T’ shape, with the vertical line dividing the page into two columns. Each column represents a different aspect, viewpoint or characteristic, allowing for a clear, side-by-side comparison.

T-charts are widely used in educational settings for analyzing texts, comparing historical events, or weighing pros and cons in decision-making processes. They are particularly helpful in enhancing students’ analytical skills, as they encourage them to organize their thoughts and view topics from multiple perspectives.

The simplicity of the T-chart makes it an accessible tool for students of all ages, fostering critical thinking and structured analysis.

Cluster diagrams, also known as cloud diagrams, are graphic organizers that help in brainstorming and organizing ideas around a central concept. The main idea is placed in the center, usually within a circle, and related ideas or subtopics branch out from it, forming a cluster-like structure.

This diagram is particularly useful for visualizing the relationships between a main concept and its various components or aspects. Cluster diagrams are widely used in brainstorming sessions, idea generation and planning phases of projects.

They encourage creative thinking and help in the exploration of complex topics by breaking them down into smaller, interconnected parts. This organizer is an effective tool for both individual and group activities, aiding in the visual representation and organization of thoughts and ideas.

Sequence charts are essential graphic organizers for outlining the chronological order of events or steps in a process. They are particularly effective in helping students understand the time-based progression of events in history, literature or scientific processes. 

Sequence charts typically consist of boxes or arrows that guide the viewer through a series of steps or events, emphasizing the order and interconnectivity of each part. 

In educational settings, they assist in simplifying complex sequences and timelines, making them more accessible and easier to remember. 

They are also used in project planning and workflow management, providing a clear visual representation of stages in a process or project.

Idea web graphic organizers are designed to visually map out the connections between a central idea and related concepts. 

At the heart of the web is the main topic, from which various lines or branches extend to link to secondary and tertiary ideas or details. This spider-web-like structure is ideal for brainstorming sessions, where it helps in organizing thoughts and fostering creative associations. 

Idea webs are widely used in educational contexts for essay planning, story writing and exploring complex concepts. They encourage students to think divergently, making connections between different ideas and expanding upon the central theme in a visually coherent way.

Spider map graphic organizers, resembling a spider’s web, are used for detailing the attributes or components of a central idea or theme. The main concept sits at the center, with lines extending outward to secondary nodes that represent related information or subtopics.

Spider maps are versatile tools in education for note-taking, studying and brainstorming, enabling students to visually organize and interconnect ideas. 

They also serve as valuable tools in project planning and conceptual mapping in various professional fields.

Circle map graphic organizers are utilized for brainstorming and defining concepts in a clear, concise manner. They consist of two concentric circles: the inner circle hosts the main idea or topic, while the outer circle contains information, attributes or related ideas. 

This map is particularly effective for initiating thought processes around a new topic, gathering prior knowledge or brainstorming ideas before delving into more detailed study or analysis. 

Circle maps are popular in educational settings for introducing new concepts, encouraging students to explore and connect their existing knowledge with new information, thereby facilitating a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

Hexagon organizers are dynamic graphic tools used for exploring connections and relationships between various ideas or concepts. Each hexagon represents a unique idea or piece of information, and these hexagons are arranged next to each other to demonstrate how they interconnect.

Hexagon organizers are popular in brainstorming sessions, for mapping out systems or processes, and in educational settings to help students understand the interdependent nature of certain concepts or events.

Idea wheel graphic organizers are circular tools that help in brainstorming and organizing ideas around a central theme or question. The central hub of the wheel represents the main idea, and spokes radiate out to smaller circles or sections where related ideas or details are noted.

This organizer is effective for visualizing the components of a topic, planning essays or projects, and encouraging creative thinking. 

In educational settings, idea wheels assist students in exploring topics thoroughly, ensuring that all aspects are considered and helping them to see how different ideas connect to the central theme.

Tree chart graphic organizers are hierarchical tools used to represent the structure of ideas or concepts. Resembling a tree, the main idea forms the trunk and branches represent subtopics or related information. 

It is particularly effective for breaking down complex information into manageable parts, making it easier to understand and analyze.

Tree charts are widely used in educational environments for studying biology, corporate structures or family genealogies, as well as in business for mapping organizational hierarchies or decision trees. 

They provide a clear, visual method of showing relationships and hierarchies within a topic.

Read Also: What is a Decision Tree and How to Make One [Templates + Examples]

Sequence of events chain graphic organizers are linear tools designed to help visualize the order of events or steps in a process. Each link in the chain represents a sequential event or action, clearly illustrating the progression from one stage to the next.

It is invaluable in teaching narrative structure, historical timelines or scientific processes, as it helps students understand the temporal relationships between events. 

Sequence chains are also beneficial in project planning and workflow management, offering a straightforward method to track the progression of tasks or stages.

Cause and effect map graphic organizers are used to visually display the relationships between various causes and their effects. 

Each cause is linked to its direct effect, often using arrows or lines, allowing for a clear representation of the impact of various factors.

These organizers are particularly useful in scientific studies, history and literature analysis, as they aid students in understanding the interplay between different elements and their consequences. 

Cause and effect maps are also beneficial in problem-solving and decision-making processes, helping to identify potential outcomes of various actions.

Problem-solving charts are effective tools used for breaking down and analyzing complex problems into more manageable components. They typically involve identifying the problem, exploring possible causes, brainstorming potential solutions and then evaluating and selecting the most feasible options.

These charts are instrumental in both educational and professional contexts, aiding in critical thinking, decision-making and creative problem-solving processes.

By providing a structured approach to tackling challenges, problem-solving charts help individuals and teams to systematically address issues, ensuring that all aspects of a problem are considered before arriving at a solution.

Organizational chart graphic organizers are used to depict the structure of an organization or a group, illustrating the hierarchy and relationships between different roles and departments.

These charts typically represent higher-level positions at the top, with lines branching down to subordinate roles, clearly showing the chain of command and communication pathways.

They are essential in business and institutional settings for providing a clear overview of the organizational structure, facilitating better understanding and communication within the organization.

In educational settings, organizational charts aid in teaching concepts of management and organizational behavior, helping students visualize and understand complex organizational dynamics.

Related: 40+ Charts & Graphs Examples To Unlock Insights

Bottom line

Graphic organizers play a crucial role in learning and information processing due to their ability to visually structure and simplify complex information.

By leveraging the power of graphic organizers, you can transform the way information is absorbed and presented.

With Venngage’s user-friendly platform, the creation of your own custom graphic organizers is just a few clicks away.

Sign up on Venngage today and gain access to a treasure trove of graphic organizer templates, ready to be tailored to your educational needs. 

The Ultimate List of Graphic Organizers for Teachers and Students

Graphic organizers integrate both text and visuals. This has been scientifically proven to be an effective way of teaching and learning. Using them can be extremely useful for both teachers and students as they will make lessons more engaging as well as easily comprehensible.

We have listed below multiple types of graphic organizers you can use during various scenarios, whether you are reading, writing, doing research or studying for exams. Each tool is accompanied by a template that you can use right away.

1. What are Graphic Organizers

1.1. Benefits of graphic organizers

2. Types of Graphic Organizers

2.1. Graphic Organizers for Writing

2.1.1. 1. Persuasion map

2.1.2. 2. Sequence Chart

2.2. Graphic Organizers for Reading

2.2.1. 3. Story map

2.2.2. 4. Biography graphic organizer

2.2.3. 5. KWL chart

2.3. Graphic Organizers for Teaching

2.3.1. 6. Learning map

2.3.2. 7. Analogy graphic organizer

2.3.3. 8. Vocabulary graphic organizer

2.3.4. 9. Problem-solving organizer

2.3.5. 10. Math Graphic Organizer

2.4. Graphic Organizers for Learning

2.4.1. 11. Timeline graphic organizer

2.4.2. 12. T chart

2.4.3. 13. Hierarchy chart

2.4.4. 14. Star diagram

2.5. Graphic Organizers for Brainstorming

2.5.1. 15. Cluster diagram

2.5.2. 16. Lotus diagram

2.5.3. 17. Cause and effect graphic organizer

2.5.4. 18. Mind map

2.6. Graphic Organizers for Compare and Contrast

2.6.1. 19. Double bubble map

2.6.2. 20. Venn diagram

2.6.2.1. Add to Our List of Graphic Organizers for Teachers and Students

What are Graphic Organizers

A graphic organizer is a teaching and learning tool that is used to organize information and ideas in a way that is easy to comprehend and internalize. By integrating text and visuals, graphic organizers show relationships and connections between concepts, terms, and facts.

Graphic organizers can be used in all grade levels, and have proven to be effective learning tools for gifted children and students with special needs. And with adult learners, graphic organizers can help enable the connection between what they already know and newly acquired knowledge.

Benefits of graphic organizers

Different types of graphic organizers can be used across the curriculum for teaching, learning, and note-taking. They are easy to create and impactful in simplifying information.

• Help visualize or present information in a way that is easier to comprehend, by breaking down larger or complex concepts or ideas into smaller and simpler parts.
• Provide students the opportunity to actively contribute and participate in the learning process through the creation of graphic organizers.  
• Help develop cognitive skills such as brainstorming, critical and, categorizing and prioritizing content, reflection, etc.
• Help recall prior knowledge about a subject and quickly connect it to new information
• Promotes self-learning. By using graphic organizers for note-taking, analyzing, studying, etc. students can familiarize themselves with a lesson far more easily.

Types of Graphic Organizers

Here we have listed 19 types of graphic organizers for teaching and learning. Based on their varied purposes, you can utilize them in reading, writing, researching, brainstorming, and analyzing.

Graphic Organizers for Writing

1. persuasion map.

The persuasion map is an interactive graphic organizer that helps students familiarize themselves with the process of persuasive writing .  It assists them with outlining and preparing arguments for their essays, speeches, debates, etc.

How to use it

Step 1: Choose a topic of interest for your essay/debate. Do proper research around it to collect enough information.

Step 2: Define the claim that you want to make with your essay. Persuasive writing by writing this down first.

Step 3: Next to it, write down the reasons for making that claim.

Step 4: Then write down facts, examples, and information to back up your reasoning.

Step 5: End your persuasion map with the conclusion of your essay.

2. Sequence Chart

A sequence graphic organizer is a tool that helps visualize the order of steps of a process or a timeline of events, etc. It can also be used for note-taking, lesson planning, and essay writing.

Step 1: Identify the steps in the process or event.

Step 2: Using a sequence chart arrange these steps in sequential order.

Graphic Organizers for Reading

3. story map.

A story map can be used to identify the different elements such as characters, character plots, themes, techniques, etc. in a book students are reading. It’s a useful tool that teachers can integrate into the lesson to improve students’ comprehension.

Step 1: Read the book and understand it well.

Step 2: Discuss the different significant elements that were involved in the story. These could be the characters, setting, problem and solution, etc. You can fill the story map during the discussion.

Step 3: Once the map is complete you can discuss each element individually.

4. Biography graphic organizer

This is a tool that assists with understanding a character from a novel, autobiography or movie or a historical figure more in-depth. It brings attention to various important factors about a person’s life.

How to create it

Step 1: Gather as much information you can about the character you are studying. You can also refer to online resources, or ask from teachers or experts.

Step 2: As you analyze the information you have gathered, isolate the facts that stand out or you think are important.

Step 3: Use your biography graphic organizer to lay out the information in a presentable way. You can add images to make it more comprehensible as well.

5. KWL chart

KWL chart is used for gathering information from student’s prior knowledge or experience. This 3 column chart captures the before (what the reader already knows), during (what the reader wants to learn) and after (what the reader learned) stages of reading.

Step 1: Get students to brainstorm around the selected topic and write down everything they know about it in the K column.

Step 2: Ask them to generate a list of questions about what they want to know in the W column of the chart.

Step 3: During or after reading the book/ lesson get them to answer these questions in the L column.

Graphic Organizers for Teaching

6. learning map.

Learning maps visually depict the key takeaways – skills, ideas, knowledge – students should get from a lesson. It usually provides a high-level view of the lesson/ unit/ course that is to be studied and the connection between its different components. Students can also use learning maps in the classroom for note-taking.

Step 1: At the center of the map, write down the topic (i.e. name of the lesson or unit)

Step 2: Brainstorm ideas and information related to it. Write these down on branches emerging from the center. Make sure that you place them in a way that makes sense to teach or in a logical sequence around the center.

Step 3: Add connectors between these elements and add labels to highlight the kind of relationship between them.

7. Analogy graphic organizer

The analogy graphic organizer uses analogy to help students identify similarities and differences between a new topic and a topic that they are already familiar with.

Step 1: Select a topic/ concept that the students already know and is analogous in certain aspects to the new topic

Step 2:  Introduce the new concept and get the students to read and discuss it

Step 3: Using an analogy graphic organizer, ask the students to brainstorm and write similarities and differences between the two topics.

Step 4: Based on the completed graphic organizer, ask the students to write a brief description of  the new topic

Analogy Graphic Organizer (Click on the template to edit it online)

8. Vocabulary graphic organizer

This tool can be used to assess the vocabulary knowledge of students. You can create graphic organizers including various elements to help students learn new words, and learn antonyms and synonyms.

9. Problem-solving organizer

Problem-solving graphic organizers can be used to improve the problem-solving skills of the students. It helps students identify and evaluate solutions to problems.

Step 1: Identify the problem and write it in the problem box

Step 2: Ask students to then write down why they think it is a problem in the first place

Step 3: Get them to brainstorm all possible solutions along with the pros and cons relates to them.

Step 4: Once they select the best possible solution, ask them to list down all its possible consequences

Step 5: Students can then make suggestions to improve the selected solution further

10. Math Graphic Organizer

Math graphic organizers are used to describe math concepts graphically to students. It helps with simplifying and solving complex math problems.

Step 1: Select the math problem you want to identify and a relevant graphic organizer that you can use to solve it.

Step 2: Invite your students or colleagues to collaborate as you wish.

Graphic Organizers for Learning

11. timeline graphic organizer.

Timeline diagrams are a type of graphic organizer that shows a sequence of events in chronological order.

They come in handy when studying history as you can use it to display major historical events that occurred during a period of time along with important details such as dates and locations in which they took place.

In addition, timeline charts can also be used to show the progress of something (i.e. growth of a business) or changes.

Step 1: Identify the different events and the sequence of order in which they took place.

Step 2: Use a research on your target audience to arrange them chronologically

Step 3: Include significant details such as dates, locations and other additional information as needed.

12. T  chart

T charts allow students to study two facets of a topic. For example, disadvantages and advantages, pros and cons, differences and similarities, etc.

Step 1: Draw a T chart and write down the two areas you want to brainstorm around on each column head.

Step 2: Write down facts on each column as you carry out your brainstorming.

13. Hierarchy chart

Hierarchy charts visualize the elements of a system, organization or concept from its highest position to the lowest. Students can use this tool to understand the superordinate and subordinate categories of a topic and the relationship between them.

Step 1: Identify the most important element under the topic you are studying. Write this down at the top of the hierarchy chart.

Step 2: List down the second layer of sub-elements stemming from the first component you have identified. Add a third and fourth as necessary.

Step 3: Connect these with lines to show how they are connected to each other.  

14. Star diagram

Star diagrams are used to organize the characteristics of a chosen topic. It can also be used to brainstorm around new topics.

Step 1:  Select the topic you want to study and write it down in the center of the star diagram .

Step 2: Write down the characteristics or attributes related to the central topics on each point of the star. Adjust the points of the star depending on how many traits you write down.

Graphic Organizers for Brainstorming

15. cluster diagram.

Cluster diagrams can be used to facilitate a brainstorming session or structure idea generation and even to help with exploring new topics.

Step 1: Pick your topic of interest to explore. This should be placed in the middle of the diagram.

Step 2: Brainstorm around this main idea and come up with sub-topics related to it. Place them around the center.

Step 3: Brainstorm around each of the sub-topics and write down related ideas around them.

Step 4: Add as many layers as you want. However, use color-coding to emphasize each branch of thought. This will make it easier for you to read and understand the cluster diagram .

16. Lotus diagram

Lotus diagram is an analytical tool that can be used to breakdown broader and more complex topics into smaller components for easy understanding. It can be used for brainstorming and studying new topics.

Step 1: Draw a 3×3 grid in the center. On the square in the center, write down the main topic to be explored.

Step 2: Write down the related sub-topics around it as you brainstorm.

Step 3: Draw 8 more 3×3 grids around the one in the center. Each of these can be used to write down facts that you brainstorm around each subtopic.

17. Cause and effect graphic organizer

This type of graphic organizer shows the causes and effects of an event. The cause is the reason why something has happened, and effect is the result of what has happened. Visualization helps clearly understand the different cause and effect relationships.  

Using a cause and effect graphic organizer , identify the causes and effects related to the problem you are studying or writing about. There could be several models of cause and effect events, such as one cause leading to one effect or multiple effects, or multiple causes leading to one effect or multiple effects.

• One cause leading to several effects
• Several causes leading to one effect (You can use a fishbone diagram here)
• Each cause having one related effect
• One cause triggering another cause that leads to another

18. Mind map

A mind map is a tool that helps capture the free flow of thought and is widely used for brainstorming around topics. Additionally, it can also be used to organize and group information about a topic.

Step 1: Write down the topic you are brainstorming around in the center.

Step 2: On branches emerging from the middle, write down brainstormed ideas/ thoughts.

Step 3: Expand each sub idea with more facts. You can keep on adding more information to your mind map until you have enough.

Graphic Organizers for Compare and Contrast

Here we have listed 19 types of graphic organizers for teaching and learning. Based on their varied purposes, you can utilize them in reading, writing, researching, brainstorming, and analyzing. Best of all you can use our Compare and Contrast Chart Maker to draw them.

19. Double bubble map

The double bubble map is one of the popular thinking maps. It is much like a Venn diagram and is used to identify similar and different qualities between two things.

How to use it?

Step 1: Write down the two ideas/ topics you are comparing in the two bubbles in the center.

Step 2: As you brainstorm and analyze the topic, write down the differences in the bubbles radiating from the center.

Step 3: Write down the similarities in the bubbles that are common to both topics.

20. Venn diagram

Another graphic organizer that helps you visually represent a comparison of differences and similarities between two subjects, is the Venn diagram. What makes it different from the is that it can include more than two topics and one common area.

It works similar to the double bubble map.

Step 1: Write down the topics being compared on the top of each circle.

Step 2: Writ down the differences or unique characteristics inside its own sector avoiding the overlapping area.

Step 3: List the similarities in the common area.

Add to Our List of Graphic Organizers for Teachers and Students

Although we have covered 19 types of graphic organizers in this post, there are plenty more that can be useful to our users. Know more? Mention in the comments section below to keep expanding the list of ultimate graphic organizers.

FAQs About list of Graphic Organizer

When selecting a graphic organizer for a specific project, you should consider the type of information you need to organize and the purpose of the project. Here are some tips on how to select the right graphic organizer:

Identify the type of information: Before selecting a graphic organizer, consider the type of information you need to organize.

Determine the purpose of the project: Consider the purpose of the project and what you want to achieve.

Consider the audience: Think about who the audience is for the project. If the audience is young children, a simpler graphic organizer like a picture web might be more appropriate. If the audience is adults, a more complex graphic organizer like a timeline or a chart could be suitable.

Evaluate the effectiveness of different graphic organizers: Try out different graphic organizers and see which ones work best for you. Creately has different graphic organizer editable templates that you could use to create your graphic organizer based on the purpose.

Be creative: Don’t be afraid to create your own graphic organizer or adapt an existing one to meet your needs. Graphic organizers are flexible tools that can be customized to fit different projects and purposes.

Avoid these common mistakes that you make to ensure that your organizer is effective in conveying information.

Avoid overcomplicating the design of your graphic organizer: It should be easy to read and understand, therefore avoid using too many colors, fonts, or shapes which make the organizer confusing and difficult to read.

Consistency is important in creating a graphic organizer. Use the same formatting, color scheme, and font throughout the organizer to ensure that it is easy to follow and understand.

The purpose of a graphic organizer is to simplify and organize information. Including too much information can defeat the purpose and make the organizer overwhelming. Stick to the most important information and use the organizer to highlight key concepts and relationships.

Use clear and appropriate labels for each section of the organizer. Avoid using labels that are too vague or unclear, as this can cause confusion and make it difficult to understand the relationships between the different elements.

Consider who the audience is for the graphic organizer and use appropriate language and images. Avoid using jargon or technical terms that may not be familiar to the audience.

Test your graphic organizer to ensure that it effectively conveys the intended information. Ask for feedback from others and make revisions as needed.

Join over thousands of organizations that use Creately to brainstorm, plan, analyze, and execute their projects successfully.

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Amanda Athuraliya is the communication specialist/content writer at Creately, online diagramming and collaboration tool. She is an avid reader, a budding writer and a passionate researcher who loves to write about all kinds of topics.

Graphic Organizers Guide: Definition, Benefits, & Examples

If you're familiar with hyperlexia at all, then you know that supporting their comprehension should be a priority. Hyperlexic learners also often need support with written assignments ( tips here ). One important tool that can help with both of these support needs is to use a graphic organizer.

Graphic organizers have been incredibly useful tools for my hyperlexic son over the years. And we're a huge fan of them for both writing and comprehension.

Below you will learn all about graphic organizers, what they are, what their main purpose is, and some of their benefits. 

You'll also find lots of great examples of graphic organizers to help support both comprehension and written expression.

This post contains affiliate links. Basically, I make a small commission when you use these links, at no additional cost to you.

What is a Graphic Organizer?

A graphic organizer is a visual learning tool, aid, or support. It uses visual symbols to show how concepts or ideas relate. Basically, it's a tool to display information visually.

You've likely used graphic organizers yourself before. They just might go by another name such as a flow chart, diagram, story map, concept map, Venn diagram, chart, taxonomy...and so on.

Usually, graphic organizers are used in classroom settings to help kids with writing and comprehension, which is our focus here. Especially since hyperlexic learners benefit from using graphic organizers for support in these areas.

What is the Main Purpose of a Graphic Organizer?

The main purpose of a graphic organizer is to make learning and teaching easier. 

In other words, they are a tool to aid in learning and understanding.

To expand further, graphic organizers can break down tasks and simplify complex information. They can also provide clarity and boost understanding. They can also help an individual stay organized and plan out certain tasks or assignments. And they do all that by using visual cues and supports.

As you'll find out below, there are lots of benefits to using graphic organizers.

The Benefits of Graphic Organizers

There are tons of great benefits of using a graphic organizer, including, but not limited to:

• Makes it easier to communicate ideas
• Improves reading comprehension - a big one if you have a hyperlexic child !
• Can be used to introduce a topic and/or activate prior knowledge or schema ( learn more about schema here )
• Teaches cause and effect and allows kids to see relationships between different elements or pieces of information
• Allows kids to compare and contrast ideas
• Helps with organization information and planning out an assignment or task
• Simplifies complex information or tasks into small steps or parts
• Improves focus and executive functioning
• Great for kids of all ages and/or abilities
• Builds independence
• Improves critical thinking, reasoning, and problem solving skills
• Allows kids to brainstorm ideas
• Provides structure
• Helps kids know what information is important and what information they need to pay attention to
• Makes things easier to understand and learn by breaking it down into smaller parts, highlighting what's important, etc.
• Reduces demands
• Helps with writing assignments

Now that you know about some of the benefits of graphic organizers, let's take a look at some examples, both free and paid.

Graphic Organizers

In this section, you will find a variety of graphic organizers to help with reading comprehension and writing in a variety of themes and formats (printable and digital). So whether you're working on writing paragraphs or summarizing a story, you're bound to find something helpful below.

SOMEBODY WANTED BUT SO THEN GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS

ICE CREAM CONE MAIN IDEA GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

MARIO THEMED GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

HAMBURGER GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

5 SENSES GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

STRETCH A SENTENCE WITH 5 WS

FREE KWL CHARTS

WHAT I KNOW GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS

TRAFFIC LIGHT WRITING GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS

MAIN IDEA PIZZA GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS

GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS BUNDLE PACK

FLOWER MAIN IDEA GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS

ABC WORD CHART GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS

5 FINGER RETELL GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS

Hopefully you now have a better understanding of what graphic organizers are and why they're useful tools for kids of all ages and abilities. And hopefully you grabbed one of the printable options above too!

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Graphic Organizers 101: Why and How To Use Them

• EdTech & Innovation

Introduction:

Visual learning has gained significant attention over the past few years, especially in the education sector. One such visual learning tool is a “graphic organizer.” This article will explore what graphic organizers are, why they are an essential learning tool, and how to use them effectively.

What are Graphic Organizers?

Simply put, graphic organizers are visual aids that help learners organize and present information visibly. They make use of diagrams, charts, mind maps, or other graphical elements to represent concepts and ideas in a structured manner. By doing so, graphic organizers enable learners to gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter by uncovering connections and relationships between various pieces of information.

Why Use Graphic Organizers?

1. Enhance Understanding: The human brain can process visual content more efficiently than textual data. Graphic organizers capitalize on this by visually representing complex ideas or concepts that might be difficult to understand through text alone.

2. Foster Critical Thinking: By breaking down complex ideas into smaller components, graphic organizers encourage learners to analyze each aspect individually and identify connections between them.

3. Improve Memory Retention: Studies show that information presented visually is retained better than verbal-only material. Thus, using graphic organizers can significantly improve memory retention and recall.

4. Aid in Organization and Planning: Graphic organizers offer an excellent way for students to structure their thoughts and ideas as they plan out essays, projects, or presentations.

5. Facilitate Differentiated Instruction: Since students learn at different paces and with varied styles, graphic organizers serve as a versatile learning tool that can be adapted to suit individual needs.

How To Use Graphic Organizers:

1. Choose the Right Organizer: Begin by selecting a graphic organizer suitable for your specific learning objectives. Some common types include Venn diagrams for comparing/contrasting ideas, timelines for chronological events, or flowcharts for processes.

2. Gather Your Material: Collect the necessary information related to your topic. This might include relevant facts, figures, quotes, or other critical pieces of data.

3. Break Down the Information: Analyze the gathered material and divide it into smaller components or subtopics. These will correspond to individual sections or elements of your graphic organizer.

4. Organize and Represent: Start building your graphic organizer by placing key ideas within their designated sections or boxes. Next, create connections and relationships using arrows, lines, or other visual aids.

5. Simplify and Refine: Finally, review your graphic organizer and simplify or refine the content wherever possible. Ensure that your final result is visually appealing and easy to read.

Conclusion:

Graphic organizers are a powerful tool that can enhance both teaching and learning. By incorporating these aids into classrooms, students can efficiently process information, improve critical thinking skills, memory retention, organizational skills, and cater to different learning styles. Start harnessing the power of these versatile tools today, and witness the positive impact they can have on your educational journey.

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The Great and Powerful Graphic Organizer

October 22, 2017

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Some of our most powerful instructional tools have been hanging around forever, just waiting for us to notice them.

One of those tools is the graphic organizer. It’s so simple—just a few shapes and lines, nothing fabulous, no bells or whistles—and yet beneath its simplicity lies an absolute dynamo, a vehicle that can cement learning more firmly than a lot of the other stuff we try, in a lot less time.

Let’s look at why graphic organizers are so powerful, explore some ways to use them that you may not have tried, and consider a few important tips for using them with the greatest impact.

Why Graphic Organizers Work So Well

According to Allan Paivio’s theory of dual coding , humans process information in both visual and verbal form. When we see the word “book,” we picture a book in our minds, because we’ve had plenty of real-life experiences with books. When we’re learning new words or concepts, it’s helpful to try to form mental images for those ideas to reinforce their meanings.

While some approaches like doodling  and the mind’s eye strategy apply this theory by having learners create physical and mental pictures of concepts, a graphic organizer keeps the words, but arranges them on a page visually so we better understand how concepts are related. Decades of research with various age groups and in different content areas has shown that in general, when graphic organizers are incorporated into instruction, student learning improves (Hall & Strangman, 2002).

Graphic organizers also help us meet the needs of all learners. Presenting information in both text and graphic formats is one of the most basic ways to make a lesson accessible to more students—the basis of  Universal Design for Learning —and graphic organizers definitely fit the bill there. In fact, much of the research on graphic organizers has focused on how powerfully they can impact the learning of students with learning disabilities and special needs (Dexter, Park, & Hughes, 2011; Douglas, Ayres, Langone, & Bramlett, 2011).

10 Uses for Graphic Organizers

1. note taking.

Have students use graphic organizers to take notes on their reading, when doing research, while watching a film, or while listening to a podcast. If you are already familiar with the content and how it’s structured, you might choose or design an organizer ahead of time for students, which research says can be more effective and efficient than having students create their own. (See the Tips section below for more information on this.)

2. Lecture Support

Instead of giving a lecture with a standard PowerPoint or an outline, present your content in a graphic organizer. This will instantly give students a way to visualize how the concepts are related to each other. If students ever give their own presentations, have them try using graphic organizers to present their information.

3. Pre-Writing

Having students use graphic organizers to plan and structure their ideas before putting them into a draft is a common practice in English language arts classes. If you’ve never tried it, it’s worth adding this into your writing process, especially if you teach a content area where writing isn’t a regular part of student work. A warning:  Do not treat the organizers as the writing piece ; have students just jot notes down in these, rather than complete sentences. The bulk of student writing time should be spent actually drafting their piece.

4. Text Illustrations

When students do expository or argumentative writing, consider having them add a graphic organizer to their finished product to illustrate a concept in their piece. In this case, the organizer would NOT be a pre-writing tool, but a supportive diagram to aid in their own readers’ comprehension. This may not work for all topics, but if a student is writing about how bees make honey, for example, a diagram that shows the process from flower to honey would go a lot further to help the reader understand than a downloaded image of a bee hovering over a flower. As students create diagrams to support their own texts, they will be more likely to pay attention to those that appear in the texts they read.

5. Pre-Reading

As students get older and are faced with more challenging texts, especially in content areas outside of English language arts, their comprehension gets a considerable boost if they are trained to identify the text structure prior to reading (Baxter & Reddy, 2007, p. 23). Some common text structures are compare and contrast, description, problem-solution, cause and effect, and sequence of events . Once the structure has been identified, students can complete a supporting graphic organizer while they read and fill in the components as they encounter them.

Another pre-reading graphic organizer is the KWL chart , which helps activate prior knowledge before reading and primes students to read with a purpose. KWL charts can work for any age group and can be used for single texts or at the beginning, middle, and end of an entire unit.

To read a comprehensive overview of research on graphic organizers as a reading strategy, see Manoli & Papadopoulou, 2012.

6. Assessment

Instead of assessing student learning with a quiz, try having students complete a graphic organizer that shows the relationships between various terms or concepts, or use this type of activity as one question on a quiz or assessment. Although this will not work for all content, it might be just right for evaluating whether a student understands the bigger picture of a body of content.

7. Thinking Tools

When we deliver content to students through lecture, readings, or video, our next step should be to have students interact with the content in some way. This can be accomplished with class discussions , lab work, or project-based learning . Another simple class activity that gives students a chance to grapple with the content is completing a graphic organizer: In groups, pairs, or even on their own, have students organize chunks of the content into graphic organizers, then compare their results to other groups. For example, if a foreign language class is studying vocabulary words for food, they could use a hierarchical organizer (like the one shown above) to organize “food” words into smaller groups, like meats, fruits, vegetables, and so on. This kind of sorting gives them more interaction with the terms and helps them work with similarities and differences, another powerful instructional strategy.

8. Unit Planning

When introducing a unit to students, show them how the parts of the unit fit together with a graphic organizer. Not only will this give them a sense of where you are in the unit at any given time, it should also help them understand why they are learning the individual parts. Bonus: Doing this exercise yourself could help you decide what concepts are most important for students to learn, and identify other things that may be “nice to know,” but aren’t necessarily vital to student understanding.

9. Classroom Management

Too often we hear “management” and think of dealing with problems, but a huge part of effectively managing a classroom is making your policies, procedures, and expectations crystal clear. Teachers often make signs listing class rules and procedures in writing, but putting the most important ones into graphic form will increase the likelihood that students will follow them.

10. Retrieval Practice

Just recently we covered the power of  retrieval practice to help students learn and retain information more effectively. One retrieval practice technique is called a Brain Dump, where students try to recall as much as they can about a given topic, without the aid of any supporting texts. After doing the dump, students are then allowed to check their texts to confirm, correct, or add to the information they retrieved. But if we added a step—having students sort their dumped information into some kind of graphic organizer, possibly even working in pairs to do so— then have them go to the text, it could further solidify the benefit of the retrieval and help them get very clear on where they have gaps in their knowledge.

Tips for Using Graphic Organizers Effectively

• Model how to use the organizers. If students aren’t taught how to use graphic organizers through teacher modeling and guided practice, they won’t get much from them. So take the extra step and model their use.
• Avoid complete sentences. Unless you have a very good reason to insist that students use complete sentences on their organizers, don’t do it. Complete sentences take up too much space, they take longer to write, and the effort to hold students accountable misses the whole point of the organizer. Show students how to use bullet points and sentence fragments to get ideas down and show how they are related.
• For complex material, consider teacher-generated organizers. In a 2007 study, students who were presented with author-created graphic organizers along with reading materials produced evidence of deeper learning in less time than those who had to produce their own graphic organizers (Stull & Mayer, 2007). When you present these to students, consider filling them only partially and having students complete the rest ; this has been shown to help students recall information more effectively and teach them how to take graphic organizer notes on their own (Robinson et al., 2006).
• Let students color outside the lines. Literally. As sketchnotes grow in popularity, educators are starting to recognize the power of doodling as a learning tool. Graphic organizers can be enhanced with small doodles and other notes that fall outside the basic structure of the organizer. As long as the student can still see the original structure and the drawings make sense to him or her, these “enhanced” organizers can reinforce concepts even more deeply.
• Offer a variety of organizers for day-to-day use. Once students become familiar with a certain type of organizer, they may find other uses for it that you haven’t even thought of. If you make these available to them in the same way that you might provide dictionaries or pencil sharpeners, you might find that students start using them even when they haven’t been assigned.

Want Them Ready-Made?

My Graphic Organizer Multi-Pack contains 15 beautiful designs, all done on editable PowerPoints and Google Slides, so you can customize them to suit your needs. The pack also includes video tutorials that show you exactly HOW to customize them. Click here to get a pack for your classroom!

References:

Baxter, S., & Reddy, L. (2007). What content-area teachers should know about adolescent literacy. National Institute for Literacy. Retrieved from https://lincs.ed.gov/publications/pdf/adolescent_literacy07.pdf.  PDF

Dexter, D. D., Park, Y. J., & Hughes, C. A. (2011). A meta‐analytic review of graphic organizers and science instruction for adolescents with learning disabilities: Implications for the intermediate and secondary science classroom. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice , 26 (4), 204-213.  PDF

Douglas, K. H., Ayres, K. M., Langone, J., & Bramlett, V. B. (2011). The effectiveness of electronic text and pictorial graphic organizers to improve comprehension related to functional skills. Journal of Special Education Technology, 26 (1), 43-56.  PDF

Hall, T., & Strangman, N. (2002). Graphic organizers. Wakefield, MA: National Center on Accessing the General Curriculum. Retrieved March 20, 2009. PDF

Manoli, P., & Papadopoulou, M. (2012). Graphic organizers as a reading strategy: Research findings and issues. Creative education, 3 (03), 348.  PDF

Robinson, D. H., Katayama, A. D., Beth, A., Odom, S., Hsieh, Y. P., & Vanderveen, A. (2006). Increasing text comprehension and graphic note taking using a partial graphic organizer.  The Journal of Educational Research ,  100 (2), 103-111.  PDF

Stull, A. T., & Mayer, R. E. (2007). Learning by doing versus learning by viewing: Three experimental comparisons of learner-generated versus author-provided graphic organizers.  Journal of Educational Psychology ,  99 (4), 808.  PDF

What to Read Next

Categories: Instruction , Learning Theory , Podcast

Tags: learning & memory , teaching strategies

28 Comments

Hi! I’m very interested in using graphic organizers in my classroom. Does this approach work well in a high school science classroom?

High school science would be a perfect place for graphic organizers! I would suggest starting with uses #2 and #7 if you haven’t used them with students before, but really, all ten would work great in high school science, so dive in!

Hi Chelsea and Jennifer, I teach secondary school science in the UK and love using graphic organisers to help the students make notes, understand the links between different things and make comparisons. e.g. we used Venn diagrams in Year 7 (age 11/12) recently to compare two different specialised cells; and a spider web style organiser to summarise structure and properties of small covalent molecules. Sometimes I prepare graphic organisers with prompts or questions in boxes to help the students complete them ‘independently’. Thank you for your work Jennifer, I love reading your posts, and can’t wait to try out your suggestions in the classroom!

I love your work! I work with new teachers and you have simplified the how and clarified the why. I recommend your work to everyone. I recently shared your Single-Point rubric at a state meeting. Thank you!

Hey Jenn, Another graphic organizer tool for students to use is SmartArt in MS Word or PowerPoint. These are simple shapes preset in various arrangements, but the power is the outline pane that allows you to easily increase or decrease the number of shapes. It’s great in the context of your article because there is not a preset number of “boxes” to fill in. While the teacher can determine which SmartArt arrangement to use, this allows the student to decide how many to make use of. Thanks for the article! I especially like the idea of using a Graphic Organizer as an assessment tool. I plan to try that this week. I’ve started to refer to your weekly topic often in my department meetings. It’s proven to be a great way to start an awesome discussion! –jeff

Jennifer, Thanks for posting this! I love graphic organizers and this is a wonderful resource. I wonder if you have come across David Hyerle’s Thinking Maps in your research on GAs? Here are a couple of links, if you haven’t. I think Hyerle has come up with something really powerful.

http://www.thinkingfoundation.org/ http://www.thebalancebetween.com/

Hyerle also has several books in print. I have no connection with Hyerle, just a big fan.

Thanks so much for these links, James. I have been referred to Thinking Maps over and over, and they seem wonderful. I have to admit, it’s been frustrating, because it’s like standing outside a beautiful store I can’t go into. Everything I’ve read about Thinking Maps indicates that the only way to learn about them is through an in-school training, and since I am no longer in the classroom, I can’t take advantage of that. I really wish they had some kind of online resources for people outside of school systems to learn. I would imagine homeschoolers must feel the same frustration! If you’re aware of how an ordinary Joe like myself can learn more, I’d love to take advantage of it. Thanks.

I’m not a teacher in a classroom, but I’ve started drawing mindmaps in organizing my always racing brain. It really helps to see my ideas laid out in picture form in a nice, logical flowchart. I can see how this technique would be invaluable in the classroom. Thanks for sharing!

Hi Jennifer! I’ve recently discovered your podcast and, as an instructional coach, have taken away great ideas/research to share with my teachers! Looking at your collection of graphic organizers on TPT, I noticed they are recommended for grades 6+. What’s the most effective way to use graphic organizers with elementary school kids? I’ve used them in the past, but always love when I can find research to back it up.

Hi, LeeAnn!

I work for Cult of Pedagogy, and also taught at the elementary level for many years. It’s funny because I remember years ago when I kind of stopped using graphic organizers, because I just didn’t see them making much of an impact on student learning. In hindsight, I think it’s mostly because I really didn’t know how to use them with intention or with an end goal in mind. I needed to be more purposeful and direct with my teaching, helping kids understand how organizers are a tool that helps them plan their ideas, make connections, and see how concepts are related. I think I was using them just to use them, or maybe because some of them looked kinda cute. Now I’m back to graphic organizers with a whole new intention! As with any tool, and with at any age, I think as long as teachers are doing lots of modeling, direct teaching, and being really clear on how and why we use organizers, they’ll be effective. Circles, lines, words, doodles…even with the youngest of kids, are effective when used with intention. As a side note, although Jenn’s organizers say for grades 6+, I’ve used them with younger kids too. In addition to Jenn’s post , here are a few other resources that may interest you. I hope this helps! Teaching and Learning with Graphic Organizers and How to Use Graphic Organizers to Enhance Learning .

Great resource!

Hi Jennifer, Thanks you for this great resource, and for all the great work you do in this space on the craft of teaching! I am a late-starter to the education sector but loving it!

Something that I would like more guidance in, and I think it is related to this area, is the issue of starting an extended response (essay).

A question I often get from students is how do I start the essay, to which my standard response (based on my “How to write an introduction” model: Thesis statement; Roadmap; Glimpse of my conclusion), is to use my classic Essay starter…”This essay offers a discussion / reflection / explanation on…” (This is how I actually used to begin all of my essays at University. I know – I’m just not very creative!). Other tips I would give my students is to use key words from the actual question provided, so that the language is correct, and that they address the question right away. I never suggest that they repeat the question.

I know there isn’t a simple formulaic response but if you can point me in the right direction I would be very grateful.

Kindest regards, Tivoli

I’m thinking that an inductive learning lesson could work really well with helping kids understand what goes into an effective introduction. See what you think!

I think this article is helpful and yet the irony is that there is no graphic organizer to show how this tool can be useful or how to develop them for your content. There are only lists and bullet ponits. Consider adding one?

This author reminded me of the power and effectiveness of graphic organizers in helping students organize, make meaning and see the connections to the items they are learning or thinking about.

This information was a great reminder on the power of GO’s!

I am a very visual person and so I like to use graphic organizers a lot. Good to know it can be beneficial for the students as well.

I teach highly gifted K2. I’m looking for a visual way to help my students (who may be smart, but don’t always like to write) organize their thoughts and get them onto paper (or digital doc)! Do you have suggestions?

If you haven’t already, take a look at the resources below and see what you think. They all offer a way for kids to visually organize and represent their thinking outside of the structure that graphic organizers typically provide.

Hexagonal Thinking: A Colorful Tool for Discussion A Simple Trick for Success with One-Pagers To Boost Higher-Order Thinking, Try Curation Note-Taking: A Research Roundup Dual Coding Strategy

Hope this helps!

These are so useful. I love using graphic organizers (not all fit every student). I love the jotting note part instead of using it as the whole paper!

Fantastic knowledge and reminders of how impactful graphic organizers can be for students to have as a resources to gather and collect their thoughts and ideas.

Great reminders.

This was such a great reminder of how powerful graphic organizers are. They are a simple tool with endless opportunities to enhance learning. I love the idea of having a student create a G.O. as a text illustration for a piece of writing that they do. This encourages reflection, metacognitive thinking, and deeper thinking.

We’re so glad you enjoyed the post, Erica!

What is more effective for grades 4-6, digital or paper graphic organizers. Same question for grades 6-8?

Hi Deb, Now that we have so many amazing digital resources, it can feel like we need to incorporate them into our lessons all the time. Though there doesn’t seem to be a definitive answer in terms of one being more effective, teachers can still use both. Certain activities might make sense with one over the other, or if given a choice, students might demonstrate a preference. If you’re looking for ideas on making your lessons more tech-friendly, try 16 Ideas for Student Projects Using Google Docs, Slides, and Forms . And if you’re thinking about whether your tech tools are actually helping your students meet their learning goals, this article, Quality-Check Your Tech: 6 Strategies might be helpful as well.

My students have a tendency to want to use graphic organizers as a first draft rather than a list of ideas. Do you have a strategy for teaching how to put ideas into bullet points rather than going straight to sentence writing?

Felicia, if you haven’t already, check out the section Tips for Using Graphic Organizers Effectively at the end of this post. One simple, but effective, strategy for teaching students how to capture their ideas using bullet points is modeling and guided practice. For instance, you might consider creating a partially-generated graphic organizer to accompany a complex text. This would serve not only to scaffold the text itself, but also to provide guided practice for students in the use of graphic organizers. I hope this helps!

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What is a graphic organizer and how to create one?

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Organizing your thoughts and ideas isn't always easy – especially when working with complex topics, piles of information, or collaborative projects.

Use a graphic organizer tool is one of the easiest and most effective ways to organize ideas, list information, and identify trends visually. Using diagrams and visual aids has helped marketers, IT professionals, teachers, and just about anyone to convey complex ideas simply.

In this article, we'll cover the basics of graphic organizers, their types, use cases, and how to make one of your own. Read on to get started.

What is a graphic organizer?

Do you remember the last time you felt inspired and full of ideas? It's an exhilarating feeling, but it can also be overwhelming when trying to organize all the thoughts running wild through your mind.

That's where graphic organizers come in.

These visual tools help harness those complex concepts into a simple visual representation, such as a diagram or graph, that’s easy to understand.

Think of it like a map that connects and organizes your thoughts and ideas in a clear and structured path so that you can see how all the pieces fit together. These tools make it easier to see the big picture and identify connections between concepts that may have otherwise gone unnoticed.

In a collaborative environment, using graphic organizers can greatly enhance communication and teamwork. It's easier for team members to align on project goals and contribute their own insights when there's a visual representation of the ideas and information discussed. As a result, teams have constructive discussions that lead to more brilliant ideas.

Also, with digital collaborative workspaces like Miro, you can even use graphic organizers to collaborate remotely. Team members can brainstorm, organize, and work together from anywhere around the world in one shared space.

You can also treat a graphic organizer like a compass that helps you navigate a sea of information. It guides you towards a clearer path using visual aids so that you or your team can make informed decisions and ride a wave of productivity. But with all that said, how exactly can you put one to use?

Suppose a company that produces and sells handmade soap hasn't been doing well in sales in the last quarter. The marketing team needs help to identify the root cause. The project analyst on the team decides to use a graphic organizer to help analyze the problem and creates a diagram with potential causes, such as pricing, quality, and marketing strategy. Each category is then broken down into subcategories with specific details like customer reviews and competitors’ pricing.

Through this process, the analyst noticed key areas that needed improvement. For example, they noticed that the company’s pricing is significantly higher than competitors, and customer reviews mention that the new packaging makes it hard to understand product benefits.

With this information organized and visually presented, the analyst can present clear, data-driven information to the marketing team to improve sales. The team can then address these issues and track the changes made using the same graphic organizer.

Now that you’ve seen a practical example of applying one, we’ll explore ten types of graphic organizers used in various personal and professional situations.

10 types of graphic organizers

Take a look at how these graphic organizers can help you organize information, analyze problems, and spark new ideas.

1. Venn diagram

A Venn diagram is a popular graphic organizer that compares and contrasts different topics or datasets using interlocking circles. It shows the similarities and differences between these topics so you can better understand their relationships and connections. The overlapping area in the middle of the circles indicates the similarities, while the separate circles highlight the differences between each.

Use a triple Venn diagram template to compare three different subjects.

2. Tree chart

Like its name, a tree chart is a graphic organizer that shows information in the structure of a tree, with the main topic at the top of the chart and subtopics branching off it. These charts are especially useful for organizing information in a hierarchical structure. For example, when breaking down a group project into smaller manageable items to delegate to the team.

Use a tree chart maker to track objectives and results with a hierarchical structure.

3. Cause and effect chart

You can easily see the connections between actions and results with a cause and effect chart. It’s a powerful tool for analyzing complex issues and identifying possible solutions. Breaking down complicated cause-and-effect relationships into bite-sized chunks helps you better understand how different factors interact and how to achieve your goals more accurately and precisely.

Pinpoint areas of improvement with a cause and effect chart .

4. Compare and contrast graph

Like a Venn diagram, a compare and contrast graph compares two or more things but in a more detailed and structured way. Instead of overlapping circles, you'll see tables or lists placed side by side to highlight the differences and similarities between the topics. This structure helps you quickly see how the topics relate to each other and identify key attributes from each topic.

Analyze prospective jobs with a compare and contrast graph .

5. Story map

A story map, also known as a plot diagram , is a convenient tool for analyzing and understanding the elements of a story, including the plot, setting, characters, and themes. It includes a visual representation of a story’s arc, such as the introduction, climax, and resolution. This graphic organizer is a favorite of educators to help students unravel complex stories. Marketers also use this to craft compelling presentations or proposals that tell a story to engage their audience.

Stay focused on a writing project by story mapping it effortless.

7. Sequence of events chart

If you need to get a clear sense of the chronological order of an event or process, a sequence of events chart is your best bet. By dividing an event into key moments that follow a sequential order, this graphic organizer makes it easy to understand what happened and when. Though often used in educational settings, project managers or event planners rely on it to determine the sequence of activities for their projects or events.

Clarify event logistics using a sequence chart .

8. Star diagram

A star diagram highlights key concepts by organizing related information around a central topic. It’s perfect for scenarios where you need to define a specific topic with detailed descriptions. For example, marketing teams can use this graphic organizer to define key selling features of a new product so they know what to promote. It’s also good for goal setting, with a goal in the center and actionable items in the arms of the star.

Define your problem in detail with a star diagram .

9. Circle map

A circle map is an effective visual tool for brainstorming and organizing ideas. A small circle inside a larger one allows for free-flowing thoughts to be connected to the central idea. Another variation is a concept map , with a main idea in the center and related information or subtopics surrounding it. This graphic organizer is your go-to for generating ideas, solving problems, and making connections between different concepts.

Boost creativity and generate ideas using a concept map maker .

10. Problem-solving chart

You can tackle complex and multi-layered issues with a problem-solving chart. A 5 Whys framework is a popular type of problem-solving chart. It's popular in business settings because it encourages critical and logical thinking and helps evaluate different options to choose the best solution. By dissecting a problem into smaller facets, it becomes easier to identify the root cause and possible solutions.

Get to the bottom of your problem with a 5 Whys problem solving chart .

Use cases for a graphic organizer

Look no further if you're wondering how these graphic organizers can be applied to your life or work. This section will explore how different people and professions can use graphic organizers to achieve their goals.

Marketing and Sales

The world of marketing and sales can be chaotic and overwhelming, but graphic organizers are a valuable tool for keeping things organized and on track. They also promote collaboration by letting teams share visuals and content in one place, making it convenient to view the big picture and expand on new ideas. A story map can help tell a compelling narrative about a product, while a star diagram can help identify and target specific audiences. Marketing and sales teams can stay creative, coordinated, and focused on achieving their goals.

IT and Technology

IT and Technology professionals have a lot of brainpower to share, and that's where graphic organizers shine. In an industry where data is everything, graphic organizers allow experts to visualize network topologies and other architecture quickly, saving time and improving communication with colleagues. They also make sharing concepts a breeze by finding the links between seemingly unrelated objects and ideas. Cause-and-effect charts and entity relationship diagrams are commonly used in the industry to identify the relationships between different events or actions that affect the performance of systems and networks.

Troubleshoot systems and databases using an ER diagram tool .

Business Administration

For a business administrator, the daunting task of managing the departmental structure and changes can be simplified with graphic organizers. Organizational charts, flowcharts, and other visual aids help communicate complex information to staff members. These tools optimize business operations, create more efficient teams, and foster collaboration between management and teams. By streamlining work processes with graphic organizers, departments can save time and resources so the company can run like a well-oiled machine.

Art and Design

As a creator, designer, or artist, it can be challenging to stay inspired, especially during a creative rut. A graphic organizer can break through creative barriers by quickly mapping out ideas, giving creative individuals more space to explore and refine them. Adding a graphic organizer to the creative process leads to more productive, fulfilling, and even out-of-the-box work as the artistic vision takes shape.

When it comes to teaching, graphic organizers are a game-changer. Not only do they help educators and students visually break down complex subjects, but they also promote engagement and collaboration in the classroom. By learning to organize their thoughts visually, students can more intuitively connect ideas, identify relationships, and give their own insights. This creates a more interactive learning environment that builds better comprehension, retention, and critical thinking skills. Whether it's a Venn diagram to compare and contrast, a timeline to sequence events, or a circle map to generate ideas, the possibilities for using graphic organizers in the classroom are endless.

How to make a graphic organizer

Now the question is, how to make a graphic organizer that works for you? Don’t worry - it's simpler than you think. You can create an effective tool for everything you need in just a few steps.

1. Decide what you want to organize

The first step in creating a graphic organizer is simple – decide what you want to organize. This could be anything from project tasks to brainstorming ideas. Before you begin, take a moment to identify the main ideas or concepts you want to capture and categorize. Clarify your goals and objectives to ensure your graphic organizer will be tailored to your needs.

2. Choose a type of graphic organizer

Once you have a clear idea of what you want to organize, it’s time to choose a graphic organizer. Everyone has a unique way of processing information, so a good tip is to find one that aligns with your thoughts. For example, if you prefer to approach tasks step-by-step, a sequence of events graphic organizer is a good fit. If you enjoy seeing the big picture, a circle map will work wonders. The ultimate goal is to find an organizer that complements your thinking process to achieve your purpose.

3. Set up a collaborative workspace

Set up a collaborative workspace to take your productivity to the next level. A collaborative workspace is a shared virtual or physical space where people can work together on a task or project. Online visual collaboration spaces, including popular options like Miro , let you use graphic organizers and other tools to share ideas, organize information, and work more efficiently with others wherever you are.

4. Brainstorm and collaborate

With a collaborative workspace, you can start brainstorming and working with others. A great way to add more depth to your graphic organizer is to generate a range of ideas related to your topic, so you can understand different perspectives or identify blindspots. Collaborating with others and pooling your ideas together further helps you create a detailed graphic organizer that reflects all the key ideas related to your topic.

5. Regularly review and revise

Review and revise your graphic organizer regularly to ensure it's still working for you. Stumbling upon new ideas and information while working on your project is natural, so update them as needed. Set aside time each week to go through your organizer to make any necessary changes so you stay on track and meet your goals. Plus, it's a great way to see your progress and feel motivated to keep going.

Build graphic organizers collaboratively with Miro

In this article, we explored how using graphic organizers helps you visually convey complex ideas, present information, dissect problems, and find solutions. With Miro, our collaborative online workspace, you can collaborate and create graphic organizers with others using tools like digital whiteboards and template libraries. We’re designed for professionals, educators, students, and anyone looking to spice up their workflow. Try Miro today to see how we transform the way you work.

Get on board in seconds

Join thousands of teams using Miro to do their best work yet.

15 Free Online Graphic Organizer Types and Examples

Graphic organizer plays a significant role in a presentation or learning materials like books. It is characterized as a convenient means to identify key points and understand concepts in a subject area. In addition, this allows you to effectively create meaningful structures, make relationships of ideas, and have precise information. But depending on the context, the organizers have a variety of uses. Thus, here are some free graphic organizer types and examples to design perfect diagrams or charts according to your needs.

Types of Graphic Organizers to Visualize Ideas

Concept map, hierarchy chart, cause and effect map, timeline chart, venn diagram, sequence chart, idea web graphic chart, analogy organizer, cluster diagram, persuasion map, problem-solving organizer.

You can also use a concept map to brainstorm ideas, discover a number of thoughts, solve problems, and visualize goals. Anyone can utilize this tool including designers, writers, engineers, and students for learning purposes. Similarly, you can branch out many ideas as needed and most likely to end up looking web graphic organizer. In other words, this is suitable for large and complex topics.

Depending on your needs, the hierarchy chart comes with a variety of uses. It is utilized primarily used by Human Resources in creating an organizational chart. The same can be said when visualizing ideas. This graphic organizer lets you understand categories and subcategories by using the top-down structure of the hierarchy chart.

Cause and effect map assists in clearly determining the possible causes of a specific event, problem, or condition and take action to solve the issues. More so, it has a fish skeleton structure in which the bones represent the causes. The fish head to the right should reflect the main effect. Using this diagram, members can also participate in a team discussion when analyzing problems and take corrective actions.

A mind map is another helpful graphic organizer to show relationships between ideas. Instead of sentences, mind map ideally uses keywords per association to summarize information making it easier to memorize and recall. Besides, it allows users to be creative by integrating colors, font style, images along with several kinds of layout structure for a comprehensive mind map.

Another idea organizer that you can use to make a comparison of two options is the T chart. There will be two columns separated by a vertical line in between and a horizontal line at the top allotted for the headings or topics. Under each column are the characteristics, specs, events, situations, etc. This graphic free graphic organizer could help you to make clear decisions by comparing the pros and cons of a given occasion.

This chart is a type of diagram that shows the chronological order or sequence of events. Besides its beneficial impact on studying history, this may also come in handy if you’re trying to display development, progress, or improvement of a business. On some occasions, this graphic organizer is visually presented as a freeform shape but is ideally visualized horizontally or vertically.

Venn diagram helps you visualize comparisons, differences, as well as similarities between two subjects. This has an interesting way of showing differences and similarities. Basically, creates an illustration of two overlapping circles where the similarities are located in the union of two circles or common area. While the unique characteristics or differences are inside its own area or sector. There are several types of Venn diagrams, online graphic organizers, with two or more circles as the topic gets complicated.

Tree chart is a good way to classify information and a practical means in breaking down large projects into more manageable tasks. In addition, this can also be used to create a family tree chart for genealogy and organizing family information. The highest position is the main title and below are the categories. Each category has a list of subtopics to complete the tree graphic organizer.

Sequence chart is a type of diagram that helps you to present the steps of a process in order. You may use it for essay writing, life cycle, or any situation that shows the stage of development. While the timeline chart shows dates and order of events, the sequence chart graphic organizer mainly focuses on details about the set of instructions of a process.

If you are looking for an alternative to T chart and Venn diagram, Idea web graphic chart is nice choice. This is also a type of comparison chart between two topics. There will be two central circles that represents the main ideas. Each topic comes with conjoined branches that forms a single unit to indicate similarities. For the differences, there are another set of branches towards the sides of the circles forming an idea web graphic organizer.

Organizing or conducting biography research can be done with the help of a biography chart. With it, you can easily add the necessary information gathered in books, online resources, and analyze the collected information. You can categorize the data about the character’s accomplishments, experiences, personal information, and a lot more. Also, users may add images to this free graphic organizer to give emphasis as necessary.

Another helpful organizer to help you analyze differences and similarities between two topics. Analogy organizer, in general, compares a new topic and a topic you are familiar with. Then, students or listeners must read and discuss with each other to identify the similarities and differences. This free graphic organizer encourages brainstorming and internalizing knowledge. By then, students will need to write a summary of the new topic.

The next chart you can use to organize your ideas is a cluster diagram. It also helps a group of people in brainstorming and exploring ideas. The central node contains the main topic branching out to show relevant categories and subtopics. This also resembles a web graphic organizer as you continue adding layers to the diagram. So it’s best to use color-coding for each category for a readable and comprehensive organizer.

This organizer is dedicated to creating an essay outline focusing on persuasive writing. As we know, writings like speeches, essays, debates need an outline to lay out the flow of the essay and come up with a coherent outline. And to do that, you need a persuasion map free graphic organizer to determine and write down the main points, facts, and categorize ideas.

Problem-solving organizer is a good strategy to improve your problem-solving skills. With it, you get to record ideas in a systematic way and think more effectively of possible solutions. It is also the best way to make everyone in the team participate by sharing ideas and organize them in structure.

Visual representation in learning plays an important role in improving your study habits and learning. This will help your capability to arrange your thoughts and organize them and give an accurate depiction of given situations. Learning through the use of online graphic organizers will bring out great ideas to have your tasks done in no time.

Related posts:

• Steps to Make A Mind Map for Presentations
• 10 Best Meeting Minutes Apps in 2024

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Using graphic organizers to help break down content into manageable chunks

• Post author By admin
• Post date January 23, 2023
• No Comments on Using graphic organizers to help break down content into manageable chunks

This post is written by Schyler Anderson. Read more about Schyler at the bottom of this post.

While teaching science one day, I gave my students what I thought would be a simple task – read an article and answer questions afterward. In my lesson plans, I wrote this as a “warm-up” activity which was only supposed to last about ten minutes. Ten minutes passed and to my dismay, the majority of my students weren’t even attempting the assignment. I walked around the room to check in with students and see what the issue was. The students who weren’t attempting the assignment asked me to read it to them. Once I did, we went through the questions and they were able to answer them with no problem. 

The situation listed above occurred frequently in my classroom. In the beginning, I played the blame game and felt that teaching middle schoolers how to read was out of my control and not my job. After seeing my students continue to struggle, I realized this was an area of my teaching that I needed to revisit. I believed that literacy was at the core of science and integral to the success of my students. When researching, I came across the strategy of using graphic organizers. I found that one of the reasons middle school students struggle so much with science literacy is because they have had little exposure to expository writing. Expository writing is filled with complex vocabulary, structured by topics, and has no clear beginning, middle, and end, unlike the narrative writing they were more used to. Graphic organizers help students break down the content into manageable chunks and ensure they grasp what’s most important. 

Once I decided this strategy was worth implementing, I approached implementation with a science brain where I created a control group and an experimental group. Both groups took the same pre- and post-assessments. The experimental group learned using graphic organizers and the control group relied on traditional reading comprehension strategies such as skimming and scanning the text, looking at bold words or phrases and reading the questions before reading the text. The groups switched to the next unit so that each group had experience learning content with and without graphic organizers. I was ultimately comparing the growth between each group to see if this strategy really helped improve students’ reading comprehension skills. I created my own graphic organizers based on each topic like the one sampled in the image below. I decided to follow the basic templates of hierarchical, cyclical, conceptual, and sequential graphic organizers where I added titles and phrases to help students understand the organization better. 

When looking at the data, I found that this strategy was helpful to my students, particularly those who categorize themselves as poor readers and/or those who were low achievers in science (D or F grade range). Survey data showed me that 67% of my students from Class A and Class B felt that using graphic organizers helped them understand content from the textbook better. They also provided written explanations stating that when using graphic organizers:

• “It helped me because it breaks down everything.” 
• “It helped me because it is more organized.”
• “The content is simplified.”
• “It is easier to find the answer.” 

I also noticed that my low-achieving students experienced the most growth between the pre-and post-assessment while in the experimental group. For example, the two low-achieving students I focused on experienced a growth of 60 and 40 points when using the graphic organizers. This group of students also responded the most enthusiastically to the strategy. Before graphic organizers, the two focus students loathed completing written work. They both rated themselves as poor readers who are insecure about their reading ability. When comparing this behavior with their behavior during the use of the strategy, it was a 180-degree difference. These two students were writing down and completing the assignments. They were complaining that class was ending too quickly. They became more confident in the short time that I tried this strategy out. You can see for yourself the comparison between the work of my focus student, Ava, below: 

When looking at the notes above, you can see that Ava did not complete the note sheet entirely. The answer to the question, “Why are particles necessary for cloud formation?” is answered incorrectly showing a lack of understanding. The final question is not answered so the notes lack some details. Now compare this with the graphic organizer completed below. Notice that the graphic organizer is entirely complete. Ava took the time to draw out each symbol and color it in. The definitions provided give enough details that Ava could use these notes to help her study or complete an assignment. 

While my foray into the world of graphic organizers was short, I find this strategy to be a promising one. This strategy is first and foremost easy to implement. There are numerous templates online or you can create your own using Google Slides or Google Drawings as I did. Simply print them out, explain what goes where, and see how your students do. The second plus to this strategy is that it teaches students how to pull out the important information within a wordy article and how to actually use this information when needed. Finally, this strategy was most effective with my struggling readers and I don’t know about you but If I can find a strategy that helps my struggling students become more successful I will. In conclusion, give graphic organizers a try today or tomorrow and see how they will help your students become better readers of science – and other expository – texts. 

My name is Schyler Anderson. I am an educator located in Sumter, SC. This will be my 4th year teaching 6th-grade science. I am a proud USC alumna. I got my bachelor’s degree in middle-level education with a concentration in math and science and my master’s degree in teaching with a focus on PBL.

Cover Photo by Jess Bailey on Unsplash

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College Minor: Everything You Need to Know

14 fascinating teacher interview questions for principals, tips for success if you have a master’s degree and can’t find a job, 14 ways young teachers can get that professional look, which teacher supplies are worth the splurge, 8 business books every teacher should read, conditional admission: everything you need to know, college majors: everything you need to know, 7 things principals can do to make a teacher observation valuable, 3 easy teacher outfits to tackle parent-teacher conferences, how to implement chunking teaching strategy in your classroom.

Description

A chunking activity involves breaking down a complicated text into more manageable pieces and having learners rewrite these “chunks” in their own words. You can utilize this method with challenging texts of any length. Chunking helps learners identify keywords and ideas, develops their ability to summarize, and makes it easier for them to organize and synthesize information.

Implementation

• Preparation: Chunking can be used with challenging content of any length. A paragraph can be chunked into expressions and sentences, while a reading of several pages can be chunked into paragraphs or sections. It is often helpful to have learners record information regarding each “chunk” in a graphic organizer, which you must create in advance.
• Circle unfamiliar words.
• Use context clues to help define words.
• Look up the meaning of words that are unfamiliar.
• Write synonyms for unfamiliar new words in the content.
• Underline essential places and people and identify them.
• Read aloud.
• Read multiple times.
• Chunk the Text: “Chunking the text” means breaking the content down into smaller parts. Sometimes, instructors chunk the text in advance for learners, especially if this is the first time they have used this method. Other times, instructors ask learners to chunk the text. Learners can work on chunking texts with partners or on their own. Depending on the learners’ reading level, the lengths of chunks can fluctuate. A struggling reader will probably work with phrases rather than sentences. A more reliable reader can often work with longer pieces.
• Learners Summarize Meaning: Learners must rewrite “chunks” in their own words. By the end of this activity, learners must have a summarized version of the original text.
• Assess and Share: Summarized content can be used to assess learners’ comprehension and reading ability. You can also have learners compare their versions of the content. This step often leads to interesting conversations about interpretation—how people can often find various meanings in the same words.

Modifications

• Identify and Define Key Words:  To help learners move from reading the content to paraphrasing, ask them first to identify and define the keywords found in that chunk. You can add space to a graphic organizer for this part of the activity.
• Create a Visual:  To improve comprehension of ideas, have learners visually represent the selected chunk as a picture or symbol. They can create a symbol or image, or they can find one in a magazine or online.
• Paragraph Shrinking:  To help learners clarify main ideas, ask them to summarize the meaning of a paragraph in ten words or less.
• Identify Significance and Connections:  After learners summarize a portion of the content, ask them to respond to these ideas. Questions you may use to prompt their thinking include: What do these ideas remind you of? What questions do they raise? Why is this idea important? To whom?
• Jigsaw Chunking:  You can divide longer content into parts and have groups work on summarizing a paragraph or two each. Groups can reveal the meaning of their part with the class by utilizing the Jigsaw method or by having small-group presentations. This variation works well with content that has divided parts, such as the Bill of Rights because learners need to be able to summarize their section without having read prior sections.

AR, VR, and MR Driven Learner Engagement

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Graphic Organizers Spark Clarity and Comprehension for Students

• stayingcoolinthelibrary
• March 28, 2024
• No Comments
• Fiction , Graphic Organizers , Nonfiction , Reading Engagement , Reading Resources , Research , Writing

Navigating the writing process can be a common challenge, both for me personally and for my students. From deciding where to start to organizing thoughts, the struggle is real. Whether assisting my students in their writing journeys or diving deep into reading comprehension, helping students work through all the thoughts and ideas can be challenging. That’s where the magic of graphic organizers comes in! Today, I’ll walk you through why graphic organizers are a must-have in your toolbox, what exactly they are, and throw in a few examples that you can use with your students!

What Are Graphic Organizers?

Have you ever been lost? Maybe you’ve been lost literally in a new place, or maybe you have felt lost in a school subject. Both scenarios create an icky feeling of being overwhelmed and hopeless. When students feel like this they have racing thoughts overpowering each other in their heads, or their minds may even go blank, not knowing where to start. Graphic organizers are here to help! They make it easy to sort through all the thoughts and guide you toward your end goal. What exactly is a graphic organizer, though?

In the world of education, graphic organizers are visual maps that guide students through the landscape of ideas and information. Just as a city map organizes streets and districts, graphic organizers structure thoughts and concepts. They help students create a visual roadmap, making it easier to navigate the immense web of details in different subjects.

These tools come in various forms. Graphic organizers, in the form of charts, diagrams, or maps, cater to specific needs and subjects. They provide support for our students to visually organize their thoughts in manageable increments. Since they clearly organize the information, our students can strengthen their comprehension and critical thinking skills.

Why Are Graphic Organizers Important For Students To Use?

Graphic organizers play a huge role in our students’ academic success. They were a complete game changer when my own teachers started using them when I was growing up. They’re powerful tools that bring order to the chaos of thoughts. Let’s explore some reasons why graphic organizers are important!

1. Visual Roadmaps for Thoughts

For some of our students, it can feel like their ideas are doing a wild dance in their heads. Graphic organizers act as visual roadmaps, guiding them through the intricate web of their ideas. Whether mapping out a story’s plot or organizing key concepts in a science lesson, these tools provide a clear structure. Their scattered thoughts become a cohesive plan. They can visually see the connection between different facts, which makes it easier to comprehend and remember.

2. Graphic Organizers Clarify Complex Information

When faced with a mountain of information, it’s easy for our students to get overwhelmed. They begin to hyper-fixate on the number of details and get a sense of being lost. Graphic organizers break down these complex and large pieces of information into manageable chunks. By presenting information in a structured and organized manner, students can grasp each component more effectively.

We are always working towards the mindset that learning is not just about memorizing isolated facts. Our ultimate goal for our students is to understand the connections between the facts. Furthermore, graphic organizers help our students see the bigger picture, whether it’s understanding cause-and-effect relationships, researching, or tracing the sequence of events in history.

3. Graphic Organizers Enhance Memory Retention

How many of us remember the 20 pages of textbook reading we did daily back in our school days? I sure don’t, and neither will our kiddos. The visual and spatial elements of graphic organizers engage different parts of our students’ brains, which enhances memory retention. Our students are more likely to remember and recall information when it’s presented in a structured and visually appealing format. In the digital age we live in, graphics play a major role in grabbing the attention of our students. When students actively participate in creating or interacting with graphic organizers, the information becomes more memorable as well. The visual cues serve as mental hooks, making it easier for students to recall details during assessments, discussions, or writing.

4. Universal Applicability

Graphic organizers are versatile tools that can be applied across subjects and grade levels. Whether studying a type of genre, researching a historical event, or organizing information from a chapter book, graphic organizers remain flexible and adaptable. This universality makes them a go-to resource for our students navigating various assignments and projects.

5. Promotes Inclusive Learning

For our students with diverse learning styles or those who may face challenges in traditional note-taking, graphic organizers provide an alternative that accommodates their needs. This inclusivity ensures that every one of our students, regardless of their learning style, can effectively process and understand information. The structure of a graphic organizer helps them to organize the gathered information. Their information is then presented within the structure in manageable chunks that are easier to grasp and remember.

Graphic Organizers for Reading Comprehension

Graphic organizers help our students access what they are reading by strengthening their reading comprehension. These tools offer our students a structured approach that enhances their understanding of texts. Here’s a closer look at the positive impact these tools bring to the world of literature:

• Visual Mapping for Improved Understanding: Graphic organizers provide a visual roadmap that aids in organizing and mapping out the elements of a text. This visual makes it easier for our students to understand their text, such as character relationships, plot, setting, and theme.
• Facilitating Active Engagement: By actively engaging with graphic organizers, our students become active participants in the reading process. This helps them have a deeper connection with the text. Graphic organizers encourage them to think critically about the content, make connections between ideas, and actively process information as they read.
• Fostering Reading Comprehension Strategies: Graphic organizers can align with various reading comprehension strategies, such as summarizing, making predictions, and identifying main ideas. By incorporating these strategies through graphic organizers, students develop skills that can be applied across different texts and genres. No matter the subject area, we are equipping our students with tools that will help them with their reading comprehension abilities.

Graphic Organizers To Use in the School Library

When our students come to us, they are coming for more than just a handful of books. To be ready for my students’ visit, I make sure to be in contact with their teacher. This way, I know their learning objectives and I can plan my activities around those goals. I can also have graphic organizers ready to go based on whether they are researching, reading fictional chapter books, or learning about a specific genre. Below I am sharing with you some of the graphic organizers I use with my students to help their writing and reading!

Folktales Graphic Organizers

In my school library, whenever it’s time for a folktale unit, I make sure to use these folktale graphic organizers . My students find these pages to be engaging explorations of fairy tales, trickster tales, tall tales, fables, and pourquoi tales.

I love that these organizers serve as a flexible tool that goes beyond the identification of general characteristics. Each page helps my students unlock a deeper understanding of each folktale type. They can compare and contrast between different versions, identify story elements, and respond to these captivating tales in a variety of creative ways.

Before I send my students to explore the folktales I have out, I review the folktale posters with them. Then, I have them posted around the area in our library where we are working. These posters reinforce the concepts. It’s an immersive experience, turning our library into a hub of exploration where they absorb the tales but also actively engage, compare, and respond.

Research Skills Graphic Organizers

The teachers in my building work super hard to give our students choices. A few of my teachers even have free choice projects where their students can choose a topic that interests them to research and create a slideshow. They choose topics from soccer to Ancient Egypt to outer space. To help them organize their thoughts easier I introduce them to my Research Skills Graphic Organizers !

These pages walk my students through the whole research process, from brainstorming the topic to citing their sources. They have spots to write down questions or curiosities they have about their topic. To give them a starting point with research, they write down any prior knowledge they may have.

As students progress, they identify sources and assess their potential usefulness. I have two different graphic organizers that guide them through detailed note-taking while finding the main ideas effectively. With guidance on note-taking techniques, multiple note-taking pages, and an “Inquiry Chart” for synthesizing information from various sources, this toolkit equips students with a complete research experience. The beauty of it is that the skills and processes taught here can be applied to other subject areas and projects.

Biography Research Graphic Organizers

Another fun project some teachers do in my school centers around famous people throughout history. Students can choose athletes, scientists, presidents, explorers, and more! When this type of project begins, I want to make sure I have my Biography Research Graphic Organizers on hand.

These organizers are adaptable to any person being written about. When they come to visit me in the library, I review with them the difference between a biography and an autobiography. Once we have an understanding of our vocabulary, they begin researching with one of the organizers. If they are just starting, I have them work with a KWL chart. This way they can write down what they already know, what they have questions about, and then later on what they ended up learning!

For the remaining graphic organizers, I make sure to communicate with the teacher to see what topics need to be focused on. Based on that, I have those graphic organizers available. Typically, my teachers want their students to research important events of their famous person’s life, struggles, achievements, and background information. Once they have their information, they have the chance to add illustrations to go along with their research!

Fiction Graphic Organizers

Classes at my school level their reading groups by skill. Some rooms could have four or five fiction novels being read by their groups. One thing I hear from them is their worry that their students aren’t reading or if they are, they may not be comprehending fully. I make sure to share these Fiction Graphic Organizers or these Reading Response Graphic Organizers with them to use in their rooms. These graphic organizers are also on hand for their library visits.

I made these pages to be flexible, which allows them to be used with any fiction book. They cover skills from cause and effect to comparisons to the author’s purpose, to making connections and more! My teachers and I can rest easy knowing our students are practicing their reading strategies in formats that are fitting for them. There are different formats with more or less writing, while others just require illustrating. No matter what, they are working on summarizing the main details about the characters, setting, plot, and theme.

Taking all of this information, they can write book reviews sharing those important details while also sharing their opinion about the text. They also have the chance to reflect on whether they would want to meet the main character or read more books by the same author. While they are reflecting, they can continue working on making connections from what they read to their lives and the world around them!

Graphic Organizers Help Students To Be Successful

As we wrap up our exploration of graphic organizers, it’s evident that these tools are a must in our educational toolkit. From navigating folktales to empowering students in research exploration, graphic organizers bring order to the sometimes chaotic world of ideas. They’re aids for writing and reading comprehension while making learning accessible, memorable, and enjoyable.

As you use these graphic organizers in your school library, keep in mind the unique needs and interests of your students. Tailor these tools to create an inclusive and engaging environment, ensuring that every learner, regardless of their style, finds a pathway to success. I hope you’ve discovered ideas to enhance your students’ writing and reading experiences. Oh and if you’re looking for more tools to use with students, be sure to check out the free resource library. You’ll find lots of helpful resources for libraries and classrooms. Happy writing!

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Accommodations in the Classroom: A Guide to Making Them Real

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Savvy and successful school principals certainly understand the value of keeping it real.  In a recent training, Stetson and Associates offered a wide array of examples and practical applications.  Each recommendation was designed to help teachers interpret how vital accommodations can realistically happen based on the Individual Education Programs (IEPs) of their students.

For many teachers, just the sheer number of accommodations recommended in a student’s IEP can be daunting, with so much information to juggle that they don’t always have a concrete idea of what these accommodations will actually look like in their classrooms.  The following guide breaks down a typical list of middle school accommodations using helpful tools on how to practically implement each one.  Many of the listed accommodations are tied with valuable skills all teachers could include in their instructional toolboxes.

Download the Examples of Instructional Accommodations Guide here

Accommodation:Checking for Understanding

Practical applications.

• Use group response activities. Checking understanding with a group response means 100% compliance in responding.
• Use thumbs-up, thumbs-down or thumbs to the side for an “unsure” response.  Make sure students feel comfortable being honest with this method.  Start with easy or personal questions such as: “I like Spring Break” or “Today is a rainy day” before moving to instructional content.
• Provide whiteboards and markers for students to show understanding, such as solving a problem in math class, or adding to a list of character traits for reading comprehension.
• Enlist help from athletic coaches on their best methods to check for understanding with their players.  Coaches are often masterful resources.
• What operation first?
• What punctuation goes here?
• Which branch of government?
• Establish a routine of moving around the classroom as students begin their work.  Ask questions such as, “Tell me the directions,” or “Tell me the first   thing you’re going to do in this assignment.”  Clarify, thank and move on.

Accommodation: Verbal Prompts/Visual Cues to Maintain Focus

• Post learning objectives.
• Post a daily agenda and check off items as they are completed.
• Visually show “brain breaks” or “device breaks” in an agenda.
• Appoint a student to the job of monitoring and checking off the agenda.
• Project a visual timer for the entire class. Some students may benefit from the use of a personal timer such as a watch.

Accommodation: Instructions Repeated/Rephrased

• Teachers restate the instructions.
• Post a clear visual of the instructions at the front of the classroom while restating the instructions to address both visual and auditory learners.

Accommodation:Use Agenda to Record Assignments

• Remind students throughout the day to complete their agendas. Be consistent to ensure success.
• Instruct students to set a timer as a reminder.

Accommodation:  Retake Tests/Quizzes for Higher Grade

• Use a variety of methods for retakes.
• Consider both written and verbal responses. While monitoring testing in progress, call a student to your desk to ask them to tell you (quietly) what they know about the topic/chapter/unit.  Record their verbal responses and consider these when grading their written exams.

Accommodation:  Shortened Assignments

• Maintain the integrity of the assignment by carefully reviewing which parts can be deleted.
• Make sure all standards of the full assignment are represented in the shortened version.

Accommodation:  Extended Time on Assignments and Projects

• Establish school guidelines about what extended time means. There may be different recommendations for specific students, but “reasonable” is the keyword.
• Complete required checks on student progress all along the way, especially when extended time is needed for a long-term project or assignment.

Accommodation:  Multiplication Table/Calculator

• Understand the grade level standard and lesson objective to determine the use of multiplication tables and calculators as a student accommodation.
• Know the difference between an accommodation and a modification.

Accommodation: Bathroom Breaks When Requested

• Monitor bathroom breaks with sensitivity regarding time and frequency.
• Follow up with the nurse’s office if questions or concerns arise.

Accommodation: Typing for Written Assignments

• Check to see if a device has been assigned to a student to replace paper and pencil.
• Look into all available assistive technology options.

Accommodation: Present Examples of Work/Problems to Follow

• Spend time with student completing a task; ask student to complete the next one independently; check for understanding.
• Show examples of successfully completed tasks or problems.
• Provide rubrics to illustrate accurate completion.

Accommodation: Reminders to Slow Down and Take Time

• Use reminder signals.
• Avoid stigma of verbal reminders.

Accommodation: Copy of Notes

• Make copies of class notes available prior to the lesson.
• Encourage students to follow along, highlight, circle or underline as the lesson is presented.

Accommodation: Short Breaks

• Define parameters of extra breaks including length.
• If a break is needed for behavior, allow the student to do some deep breathing for one to two minutes before resuming work.
• If break is needed for focus, use a timer to keep the break short.
• If needed for health reasons, ask the student and/or nurse what is needed.
• Ensure the student can take a break within the classroom in an unobtrusive way.
• Use alternative seating such as stools or standing desks when practical.

Accommodation: Preferential Seating

• Refer to the IEP for specifications on individual seating requirements and purpose.
• Examples may include seating at the front of the room for vision limitations or lessening of distraction, or sitting near a door for an easier exit.

Accommodation: Break Down Larger Assignments into Smaller Parts

• Break large assignments into manageable pieces to help organize a student’s thinking.
• Help students learn how to break down their assignments into more manageable parts on their own, including checking for understanding with their teacher.

Accommodation: Additional Wait Time for Responses

• Develop awareness that wait time can be appropriate for all students, especially for those whose first language isn’t English, students with autism, or those with any sort of communication disorder.  Some introspective students may also    need more time.
• Remind teachers that these accommodations need to be intentional and practiced behaviors.

Accommodation: Graphic Organizers

• Use graphic organizers to help students organize their thinking around a concept.
• Appeal to non-auditory learners by presenting information visually.
• Assess student understanding through the use of graphic organizers such as maps, diagrams and charts.

The next group of accommodations all refer to testing.  However, it should be noted that students should be using these same testing accommodations during regular instruction so they are proficient with them.

Testing Accommodation: Separate Setting

• Ensure there is a specific designated place in the school for testing that can be monitored.

Testing Accommodation: Open Book/Notes

• Be prepared to address the issue of perceived fairness arising if other students see this method in practice.

Testing Accommodation: Read Aloud

• Determine what this would look like depending on student needs and requests. For example, some students ask “What word?” while others may need more, “Please read this sentence or paragraph.”

Testing Accommodation: Multiplication Table/Calculator

• Understand the specifics of the standard and objective being measured in the assessment, as there may be instances where this accommodation moves into the realm of modification.

Testing Accommodation: Text-to-Speech

• Specify which text-to-speech technology should be used and on which devices.
• Make sure students know how to use the technology and use it regularly in class.

Testing Accommodation: Scribe for Writing

• Identify a scribe in each class when needed.
• This accommodation is typically for students with physical limitations.

Testing Accommodation: Oral Responses

• Ask students individually to come to the teacher’s desk to explain verbally (quietly) what they know about the topic/chapter/unit.  Record their verbal    responses and consider this knowledge when grading their written exams.

Testing Accommodation: Read Aloud (Math)

• Designate someone to do the reading. Ensure there is no perceived unfairness   or possibility of assisting with answers.

Testing Accommodation: Extended Time

• Assess whether the IEP specifically defines the length of the extension for testing.
• Understand whether the extension should occur within the classroom or at another location.
• Determine how this accommodation will be monitored.

When educators define successful Tier 1 instruction, many just call it “good teaching.”  It involves teachers knowing their students’ knowledge levels and learning characteristics, then using that information to guide their instruction.  Many teachers make natural accommodations within their instruction to meet individual student needs.  However, extra care and consideration is required when it comes to fulfilling specific IEP requirements.  Stetson and Associates has over 30 years of experience in accurately understanding those needs and helping schools meet these challenges head on.

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How to Use Graphic Organizers for Reading Comprehension and Writing Assignments

You may have spoken with your child’s teacher and heard the term “graphic organizer.” A graphic organizer is essentially just a tool, usually on a worksheet or in digital form. It provides ways to arrange and keep track of information in a way that communicates through pictures, diagrams, charts, or other visuals instead of just text or spoken language.

There are many types of common graphic organizers. Among the most popular strategies are mind maps, Venn Diagrams, and KWL charts.

How can students benefit from using a graphic organizer?

For many children, reading comprehension and getting their thoughts down on paper a challenge .

They haven’t learned to visualize the text yet, they are facing vocabulary words that may distract them from the meaning of what they are reading, and they may feel overwhelmed by the amount work ahead of them. It may feel like they are doing a lot of things all at once, which is why they need a way to organize their thoughts.

Graphic organizers are the teacher’s best friend. They are quick and simple to make, they provide good visuals for students who need multisensory input, and they prescribe a structure for students to take notes.

Graphic organizers require students to stop and think about what is important while they are reading, and it also gives them something tangible to complete. Many types of graphic organizers can be easily converted into writing assignments after they have been completed. They have uses for students of all ages.

Graphic organizers can easily be implemented at home , as well. This blog will break down four examples.

A KWL chart is best used for reading non-fiction, which is the type of reading that students tend to have the most challenge with in terms of comprehension.

It has three columns with blanks underneath, titled as “K,” “W,” and “L” at the top.  K stands for “Know” as in, “What I already Know,” W stands for “Want to Know,” or “Wonder,” and L stands for “Learn,” as in “What I Learned.”

The student fills out the first two section as a pre-reading activity but can add to the W column as new questions arise throughout the reading. This encourages interaction with the text, making predictions, and making connections.  This can be done in full sentences or in bullet points depending on what would benefit the individual student the most.

The L section is for after reading. This allows the reader to stop and reflect, process the information they just read, and decide what was most important.

Concept Mapping

Concept mapping is great for critical thinking and making connections. For younger children, you can start with a template that has several empty circles with lines connecting them.Older children can just use a large piece of blank paper and draw their own bubbles.

Concept mapping basically involves recording an important term, event, or detail in the reading into one circle, and then connecting it to another related term event, or detail in another circle. The student should always be thinking about how the terms are connected, and can write a brief description of how they relate on the connecting line.

Again, this method always forces the student to think about, process, and interact with information as it is being read. Interaction with the text is key for reading comprehension.

Inspiration and Kidspiration are two great software programs that can be used for concept mapping.

Reading Comprehension Sequence Chains

These graphic organizers are great for keeping track of the order in which things happened in the story. The organizer is basically a series of boxes or circles connected by arrows going from left to right, implying a sequence. In each box, the child would either write or draw important events in the order that they occurred in the reading. Again, this causes the reader to stop, process, and think about what is important.

Older students can create comic strips to represent what they read. This is especially good if you have an artistic child who is always doodling in their notebooks.

Another way to use Sequence Chains to promote critical thinking in older students is to alter the G.O. a bit to represent cause and effect instead of a sequence of events.

Anchor Charts

There are many variations of anchor charts .  An anchor chart is basically a blank worksheet with specific questions that the student should be answering as they go along. This works well for students who may have difficulty with abstract thinking or identifying important details.

A common anchor chart for storytelling is the “Who, What, When, Where, Why, How,” chart that we probably have all encountered at some point in our schooling. Again, this is great for students who have difficulty identifying the important pieces of information in their reading.

Another one I like is “Say, Mean, Matter.” With this chart, students first have to write down a quote or piece of information that they read about under “Say,” interpret what they read under “Mean,” and then think critically, make connections to other things that they have read, and synthesize the information under “Matter.”

Pinterest is a great place to find other examples of anchor charts that can help your child understand what they’re reading and appeal to their individual way of learning, or you can get creative and come up with your own!

We hope you found this article helpful, and if you did, click here to receive more tips and strategies to prepare your child for every step of his/her academic journey.

Using Chunking to Help Students Comprehend a Text

Have you ever heard of “chunking”?

Many students have a “chunking” accommodation on their IEP in order to assist with reading comprehension. This is a great strategy, but just what is chunking? How can we use it to aid reading comprehension? 

What is Chunking? 

Simply put, chunking is breaking down a text into smaller pieces, or “chunks”. Think about it. What do you find easier to read …. something like a social media post or a blog post? A long block of text that isn’t broken down into paragraphs or an article that includes paragraphs, headings, bullet points, and other ways to break up the information? 

You probably picked the second option, and this also applies to texts that students read in the classroom! Looking at and focusing on a large block of text can be overwhelming to a student, especially one who struggles with reading. By breaking the text down into smaller portions and numbering those portions, the student can focus on one portion or “chunk” at a time. Chunking can be done ahead of time for students, and each chunk is numbered. 

How Can Teachers or SLPs Chunk a Text in Advance? 

The first step is to read the text ahead of time. This will give you an idea of where topics, ideas, and events found within the text begin and end. 

Then, you can decide how to physically break the text down. This can be accomplished by 

• Re-typing the text and separating the chunks with plenty of white space
• Cutting apart the paper that the passage is found on, and give the student one piece of paper at a time
• Highlight each chunk in a different color. 

Your student’s IEP may specify how the text is to be chunked, or you can try a few different ways until you find what works best for your student. The student’s IEP may also specify how long each chunk of text should be, so be sure to check the IEP before beginning! 

How Can Teachers or SLPs Use Chunking With a Student?

After reviewing the text, chunking it, and numbering the chunks, you’re ready to work with your student! Present the student with one chunk at a time. Then, the student can record information about each chunk. Recording information can be accomplished in several different ways- 

• Writing a sentence about the chunk
• Recording information in a graphic organizer that aligns with the type of text being read
• Drawing a picture showing the information
• Giving the teacher information verbally and the teacher can record it (if the student has a scribing accommodation on their IEP)

Your student can record and review information from each chunk in a way that aligns with their IEP accommodations and modifications.   

How Does This Technique Help With Comprehension?  

This technique allows students to focus on one key portion of the text at a time, and then put that information together to draw conclusions about the text. This technique reduces overwhelm and confusion in students who have difficulty reading and allows them to comprehend the text at their own pace. Chunking is a great way to really break down a text so that students understand it more fully! 

I hope you found this helpful and that it is something that you can use with your students soon! If you like the ideas and the resource shared above, then you will love SLP Elevate! SLP Elevate is the first membership for SLP's that focuses specifically on older students. It is full of monthly, low-prep speech activities that are perfect for your older speech students! Check them out right here.

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