essay questions about empowerment technology

Power at Your Fingertips: What is Empowerment Technology and How is it Changing Our World?

By: Author Valerie Forgeard

Posted on Published: June 28, 2023  - Last updated: July 25, 2023

Categories Technology

In today’s fast-paced world, where technology is constantly evolving, empowerment technology refers to any tool or system that enables individuals and communities to take control of their lives, make informed decisions, and ultimately enhance their well-being.

These technologies allow you to shape your future by breaking down barriers and creating opportunities for personal growth.

Imagine a world where you can access life-changing information at your fingertips, enabling you to make well-informed decisions on education, health, finances, and more.

This is precisely what empowerment technology aims to achieve – providing you with the necessary tools and resources to break free from limitations imposed by traditional systems.

By harnessing the power of these innovative technologies, you can unlock your full potential and pave the way for a brighter future for yourself and those around you.

So read on to discover how this revolutionary concept can transform your life imaginatively!

Key Takeaways

• Empowerment technology empowers individuals and communities to take control of their lives, make informed decisions, and enhance their well-being through tools and strategies designed to enhance skills, knowledge, and access to resources.
• Rapid advancements in today’s digital world provide unparalleled opportunities for individuals and communities to access information, collaborate, and make lasting changes.
• Empowerment technology has numerous benefits for individuals and communities, including improved access to education, economic growth, and enhanced civic engagement. It contributes to creating a more inclusive society where everyone has equal opportunities.
• Challenges and pitfalls of empowerment technology include accessibility and affordability, digital literacy and training, and privacy and security concerns. Still, responsible use of technology can be a force for good when used ethically and responsibly.

Definition of Empowerment Technology

You’ll find that empowerment technology refers to tools and strategies designed to help you enhance your skills, knowledge, and access to resources, ultimately giving you more control over your life and decisions.

This kind of technology is all about enabling you to realize your full potential and harness it for personal growth or community development. With the rapid advancements in today’s digital world—including social media platforms, educational websites, online communities, apps, software programs—you now have unparalleled opportunities at your fingertips.

By embracing empowerment technology, you can break free from traditional limitations and tap into a world of endless possibilities. Imagine having access to vast amounts of information that can help you learn new skills or improve existing ones.

Think about the ways in which technology connects us with people from diverse backgrounds who share our interests and passions—forming networks where we can exchange ideas and support each other’s goals. It’s an exciting time for self-improvement, as we’re no longer confined by geographic boundaries or lack of resources; instead, we can seek out the information we need right from our smartphones or laptops.

The Evolution of Empowerment Technology

Let’s explore the fascinating evolution of empowerment technology, from traditional media to the digital platforms we know today.

With the rise of the internet and social media, we’ve gained unprecedented access to information and tools that empower us like never before.

Join this discussion as we delve into how these advancements have transformed our lives, enabling us to connect, create, and collaborate on a global scale.

From traditional media to digital platforms

Transitioning from traditional media to digital platforms has revolutionized the way we consume and share information, ultimately boosting empowerment technology’s impact on society. The shift from newspapers, radio, and television to social media, blogs, and streaming services has not only made it easier for people to access content but also provided them with a platform to voice their opinions and connect with others around the world. This connection fosters a sense of freedom as individuals can now express themselves without any geographical or institutional boundaries.

The table below highlights some key differences between traditional media and digital platforms:

As you can see, digital platforms offer countless advantages over traditional media when it comes to accessibility, interactivity, cost efficiency, censorship resistance, and community building. These factors contribute significantly to the empowering nature of new technologies.

The role of the internet and social media

Imagine the vast possibilities that the internet and social media have unlocked for you, connecting with people across the globe, discovering new ideas, and amplifying your voice in ways never before possible. The role of the internet and social media in empowerment technology cannot be overstated as they have transformed how we communicate, learn, work, and create change.

• Connecting with like-minded individuals: Social media platforms enable you to find others who share your interests or beliefs, fostering community and support.
• Access to information: The internet has democratized access to knowledge, breaking down barriers that once limited those who could learn about particular topics or gain specific skills.
• Amplifying voices: Through social media platforms like Twitter or Facebook, even those without traditional influence can reach a broad audience with their message when it resonates with others.
• Collaboration at scale: Online tools such as Google Docs or Slack facilitate collaboration among people from different locations or time zones in real-time.

Embrace these powerful tools to help realize your dreams and potential – connect with others who share your passion for freedom; dive deep into resources that empower you to make informed decisions; use your online presence to raise awareness for causes close to your heart; collaborate on projects that fuel change in our world.

Examples of Empowerment Technologies

Through empowerment technologies, we’re able to break barriers and uplift communities, enabling individuals to unleash their full potential and make lasting change.

One powerful example is the rise of e-learning platforms such as Coursera, edX, and Udemy. These websites provide access to quality education from prestigious institutions across the globe, giving people who may not have had the opportunity otherwise a chance to gain new skills and expertise. This not only empowers them on an individual level but also contributes to the overall growth and development of their communities.

Another empowering technology worth mentioning is crowdfunding platforms like Kickstarter and Indiegogo. These sites enable creators from all walks of life to pitch their innovative ideas, products or projects directly to consumers who can then choose whether or not they wish to financially support those ideas in exchange for rewards or equity. By bypassing traditional gatekeepers such as banks and investors, these platforms empower individuals with great ideas but limited financial resources to bring their visions into reality – transforming lives in the process.

The power of mobile banking apps also cannot be underestimated when it comes to transformative potential. With just a smartphone in hand, anyone can now manage their finances remotely without having to rely on physical banks – which can be particularly liberating for those living in remote areas or lacking proper documentation for traditional banking services.

This newfound financial independence allows people even greater control over their economic future – fostering entrepreneurial spirit and encouraging growth within local economies that might have otherwise been stifled by bureaucratic red tape.

Benefits of Empowerment Technology

Empowerment technology is designed to put power back into the hands of the people, enabling them to take control of their own lives and make informed decisions about their future.

By providing access to information, resources, and opportunities, empowerment technology paves the way for greater personal freedom and self-determination. This, in turn, leads to numerous benefits such as:

• Improved access to education and learning resources: With empowerment technology, you can obtain knowledge from anywhere at any time. Digital libraries, online courses, and educational apps make it easier for people in remote areas or those with limited mobility to continue growing their skills.
• Economic growth: As more people gain access to digital tools that allow them to connect with businesses around the world, they’re able to create new income streams for themselves or expand on existing ones.
• Enhanced civic engagement: Technology empowers citizens by giving them platforms where they can voice their opinions on important issues or organize grassroots movements for change.

By embracing empowerment technology, you’re not only unlocking your own potential but also contributing towards creating a more inclusive society where everyone has equal opportunities. The ripple effect extends far beyond personal gains – as individuals become more empowered through this technology, they are better equipped to contribute positively within their communities.

This can leads to overall development at local, national, and even global levels – truly exemplifying how each person’s journey towards freedom can impact countless others along the way.

Empowerment Technology in Education

Imagine advancing your education through online courses and degree programs, while enhancing your digital literacy skills at the same time.

You can experience the benefits of empowerment technology in education, with virtual classrooms and tutoring that cater to various learning styles and schedules.

Don’t miss out on this opportunity to transform your educational journey with cutting-edge tools and resources designed to empower you every step of the way.

Online courses and degree programs

Dive into a world of endless possibilities with online courses and degree programs, boosting your skills and knowledge at your own pace. The digital age has unlocked doors to countless opportunities for personal and professional growth through empowerment technology.

With various platforms offering an array of courses, you can now take charge of your education by choosing the subjects that pique your interest or advance your career without being confined by traditional classroom settings. Empower yourself through these accessible online resources:

• Flexible learning schedules allow you to maintain a healthy balance between work, family commitments, and studies.
• Networking opportunities help you connect with like-minded individuals from all over the world who share similar passions.
• Personalized learning experiences enable you to focus on areas where you need improvement or explore new topics tailored to your interests.
• Cost-effective options make higher education more accessible, eliminating barriers such as exorbitant tuition fees and living expenses associated with attending college in person.

By embracing online courses and degree programs powered by empowerment technology, you’re not only investing in yourself but also unlocking a newfound sense of freedom. Seize this opportunity to redefine what learning means to you while taking control of your future.

Digital literacy initiatives

As you continue to explore the world of empowerment technology, it’s essential not only to acquire new skills and knowledge through online courses and degree programs but also to develop your digital literacy. This aspect of empowerment technology ensures that you can effectively navigate the digital landscape and make informed decisions on how to utilize various tools and resources at your disposal, ultimately granting you more freedom in your personal and professional life.

Digital literacy initiatives play a crucial role in empowering individuals like yourself by providing access to essential digital skills, information, and opportunities. By participating in these initiatives, you’ll learn how to use different technologies responsibly, communicate effectively online, assess the credibility of various sources of information, protect your privacy and security while using the internet, among other valuable skills.

As an empowered digital citizen with strong digital literacy skills, you’re better equipped to seize opportunities for growth personally or professionally. Embrace this newfound freedom as you engage confidently with the ever-evolving world of technology!

Virtual classrooms and tutoring

You’ll find that virtual classrooms and tutoring offer an engaging and convenient way to expand your knowledge, fostering personal growth and professional development. The flexibility of learning online allows you to access a wide range of courses and resources at your fingertips, giving you the freedom to learn at your own pace and on your own terms.

Consider these benefits of virtual classrooms and tutoring:

• Flexibility : Learn on your schedule, balancing work, family, and other commitments.
• Accessibility : Access educational materials anytime, anywhere – all you need is an internet connection.
• Personalized Learning : Tailor your education to meet specific needs or goals through customized lessons or tutoring sessions.
• Cost-effective : Save money by eliminating the need for travel or expensive textbooks while often gaining access to free or lower-cost resources.
• Collaboration Opportunities : Interact with instructors, tutors, and fellow students from around the world in real-time discussions or forums.

By embracing virtual classrooms and tutoring as part of your learning journey, you can unlock new doors to opportunities that may have been previously out of reach. Empower yourself with this innovative technology to elevate both your personal growth and career advancement.

Empowerment Technology in Healthcare

In healthcare, empowerment technology enables you to take charge of your own well-being by providing access to information, tools, and resources for better decision-making. This means you can easily monitor your health, track progress, and make informed choices in consultation with your healthcare providers.

With the advent of wearables, telehealth services, and online health platforms, maintaining a healthy lifestyle has never been more accessible or efficient. With empowerment technology at your fingertips, you’re no longer confined by traditional healthcare limitations – instead, you have the freedom to explore various options that best suit your individual needs.

For instance, telemedicine allows you to consult with medical professionals remotely through video calls or messaging services. This not only saves time but also helps overcome geographical barriers when seeking specialized care. Additionally, mobile apps provide personalized guidance on managing chronic conditions such as diabetes or hypertension while promoting a proactive approach towards preventive care.

By embracing these technological advancements in healthcare delivery and management systems, you can actively participate in shaping your own health journey. Empowerment technology fosters an environment where individuals are better equipped to make informed decisions about their physical and mental well-being.

So go ahead – seize control of your health destiny; it’s right there waiting for you!

Empowerment Technology in Business

With today’s digital tools at your disposal, you’re able to revolutionize the way you run and grow your business like never before. Empowerment technology in business allows you to streamline operations, enhance customer experiences, and make data-driven decisions that will ultimately lead to increased revenue and growth. By embracing these technological advancements, you’re giving yourself the freedom to focus on what matters most – providing exceptional products or services while growing a sustainable and successful brand.

Empowerment technology can manifest in several ways within the world of business:

• Automating repetitive tasks: Free up valuable time for your employees by automating mundane tasks such as invoicing, payroll management, or data entry.
• Enhancing communication: Utilize tools like Slack or Microsoft Teams to keep employees connected and informed in real-time.
• S treamlining project management: Platforms like Asana or Trello enable teams to collaborate effectively on projects while maintaining visibility into progress and deadlines.
• Leveraging data analytics: Make better-informed decisions based on data trends through systems such as Google Analytics or Tableau.
• Expanding marketing reach: Take advantage of social media platforms, email campaigns, and SEO strategies to increase brand visibility and attract new customers.

As you incorporate empowerment technology into your business processes, remember that it’s not just about making things more efficient – it’s also about creating an environment where both employees and customers feel valued.

Empowerment Technology for Social Change

Harnessing the power of digital tools can truly revolutionize the way we create lasting social change, inspiring communities to unite and make a difference together. Empowerment technology enables individuals and groups to connect, share ideas, and collaborate on projects aimed at addressing pressing societal issues. From promoting gender equality to combating climate change, empowerment technology is instrumental in amplifying voices that have been silenced or marginalized for far too long.

To better understand how empowerment technology impacts social change, take a look at this table highlighting various tools, their purpose, and examples:

Empowerment technologies play an increasingly important role in driving social change by facilitating communication between like-minded individuals who are passionate about making a difference. It’s essential that organizations continue developing innovative digital solutions that help empower citizens worldwide, ultimately creating more resilient societies where everyone has access to the same opportunities.

Empowerment Technology and Inclusivity

You’ll find that digital tools can play a crucial role in fostering inclusivity, bridging gaps between diverse communities and ensuring equal access to resources and opportunities for all. Empowerment technology isn’t just about providing new ways to communicate or collaborate; it’s also about breaking down barriers and creating an inclusive environment where everyone can thrive.

By leveraging the power of these technologies, you can help promote a more inclusive society where diversity is celebrated and valued. So, embrace this powerful movement today and take your first steps towards shaping a brighter future filled with possibilities limited only by imagination!

Here are three ways that empowerment technology can be used to promote inclusivity:

• Empower marginalized communities : Empowerment technology provides platforms that give voice to those who may have been previously unheard or overlooked due to social, economic, or geographic constraints. This leads to increased awareness of their struggles, allowing for better support systems and advocacy efforts.
• Enhance accessibility : Digital tools make it easier for people with disabilities to participate in various aspects of life by offering assistive technologies like screen readers, speech-to-text software, and adaptive hardware. These innovations contribute significantly towards leveling the playing field for individuals with diverse needs.
• Promote cross-cultural understanding : Social media platforms enable people from different backgrounds to connect with one another and learn from each other’s experiences. This fosters greater empathy, understanding, and respect for different perspectives.

By embracing empowerment technology as a tool for promoting inclusivity, you’re actively contributing towards building a more open-minded world where everyone has the chance to be heard and succeed on their own terms. You’ll witness firsthand how empowerment technology inspires hope in the face of adversity while empowering individuals from all walks of life to seize control over their futures – whether that means starting businesses, pursuing education, or advocating for social change within their communities.

Challenges and Pitfalls of Empowerment Technology

While it’s true that digital tools can significantly impact inclusivity and empowerment, there are also challenges and pitfalls to consider when implementing these innovations. As you navigate the world of empowerment technology, it’s essential to be aware of potential obstacles and plan for ways to overcome them. By doing so, you’ll be better equipped to harness the power of technology while minimizing any negative consequences.

One primary challenge is ensuring accessibility and affordability for all users, as limited access or high costs may exclude certain individuals from benefiting from these technologies. This could inadvertently exacerbate existing inequalities within society. Additionally, fostering digital literacy and providing adequate training is crucial in empowering individuals to confidently use these tools. Without proper support, some may become overly dependent on technology or struggle to adapt if technological advancements outpace their skillset. Lastly, privacy and security concerns are paramount; misuse of personal data is a serious risk that must be addressed in the development and implementation of any new tool.

As advocates for empowerment through technology, it’s vital not only to promote its benefits but also address the challenges head-on. By acknowledging these issues and actively seeking solutions that prioritize inclusivity, privacy, and education at every stage of development, you’ll contribute positively towards a future where everyone has equal access to opportunities facilitated by innovative digital tools.

Empowerment Technology and Ethics

As you navigate the world of empowerment technology, it’s crucial to consider not only its potential benefits but also the ethical implications surrounding its use.

Strive for responsible utilization of these tools by balancing innovation with social responsibility. Ensure that your technological advancements contribute positively to society while minimizing any negative impacts.

Remember, the power of technology can be a force for good when used ethically and responsibly.

Responsible use of technology

It’s essential to practice responsible use of technology, ensuring that we harness its empowering potential without causing harm or perpetuating negative behavior. By using technology responsibly, you not only protect yourself but also contribute to a better digital environment for everyone. When you’re mindful of your actions and their consequences, you can enjoy the freedom and opportunities that come with empowerment technology.

To paint a picture for you on responsible use of technology, consider these four key aspects:

• Privacy : Be cautious about sharing personal information online and always check privacy settings on social media platforms. Protect your data by using strong passwords and updating them regularly.
• Digital etiquette : Treat others with respect in online interactions, just as you would in person. Avoid engaging in cyberbullying or spreading harmful content.
• Information literacy : Learn how to identify reliable sources of information and be critical of what you read or share online. This will help prevent the spread of misinformation and ensure informed decision-making.
• Sustainable practices : Minimize the environmental impact of your tech usage by recycling electronic waste properly, reducing energy consumption where possible, and supporting companies that prioritize sustainability.

By incorporating these principles into your daily life, you’ll become an advocate for responsible use of technology while enjoying the freedom it provides at the same time!

Balancing innovation with social responsibility

Striking the perfect balance between cutting-edge innovation and social responsibility can be a challenging tightrope to walk, but when done right, it paves the way for a brighter, more inclusive future.

As you navigate through this interconnected world, it’s crucial to keep in mind that embracing new technologies shouldn’t come at the expense of societal well-being. Be an advocate for ethical practices within your industry and strive to make decisions that prioritize both progress and compassion.

By taking into account the potential consequences of your actions on vulnerable communities and the environment, you’ll be contributing to a world where technology empowers everyone – without leaving anyone behind.

To achieve this delicate balance, consider adopting a proactive approach towards assessing the impact of your innovations. Engage with diverse perspectives by involving stakeholders from different backgrounds in decision-making processes and collaborate with experts who can provide valuable insights on potential risks or concerns.

Don’t shy away from asking tough questions about how your work may affect society at large – these discussions will help ensure that you’re not just pushing boundaries blindly but are also considering their broader implications.

In doing so, you can harness the power of empowerment technology while remaining accountable and socially responsible – ultimately helping to create a world where freedom flourishes alongside progress.

Empowerment Technology and the Environment

Harnessing empowerment technology can significantly help protect our environment, making it easier for us to adopt eco-friendly practices and work towards a greener future. By leveraging innovative tools and solutions, you can actively participate in reducing your carbon footprint and promoting sustainable living. Empowerment technology has the potential to revolutionize how we approach environmental challenges by offering new ways to conserve resources, monitor ecosystems, and spread awareness about ecological issues.

Some of the ways empowerment technology contributes to environmental protection include:

• Smart grids: These energy management systems optimize power distribution and consumption, reducing overall energy usage.
• Remote sensing technologies: Satellite imagery and drones allow us to monitor deforestation, track endangered species, and assess the impact of natural disasters on ecosystems.
• Eco-friendly apps: From carpooling services to zero-waste grocery shopping platforms, these applications facilitate environmentally conscious choices in our daily lives.

As you continue exploring the world of empowerment technology, remember that every individual action counts when it comes to preserving our planet. By embracing these advancements in your life – whether through supporting renewable energy initiatives or using eco-friendly products – you’re taking an important step towards a more sustainable future.

The power lies within each one of us; together, let’s harness this potential for change and create a cleaner, greener Earth for generations to come.

The Future of Empowerment Technology

Envisioning the future of tech-driven empowerment, we’re likely to witness a colossal transformation in how individuals and communities access opportunities, overcome challenges, and shape their destinies. With rapid advancements in fields such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and virtual reality, the landscape of human interaction will change dramatically.

As a result, you’ll have more control over your personal growth and development than ever before. The democratization of technology will enable people from all walks of life to harness its power for their own personal advancement. Imagine having access to resources that allow you to learn new skills at your own pace or collaborate with others across the globe without any barriers.

The possibilities are endless: from remote learning platforms that provide equal educational opportunities for everyone – regardless of location or socioeconomic status – to decentralized financial systems that give people greater control over their finances and economic well-being. You’ll be able to tap into these resources like never before.

As empowerment technology continues to evolve and become even more accessible, it’s crucial for you not only to embrace this shift but also actively participate in shaping its direction. By staying informed about emerging trends and engaging with innovative tools that foster self-improvement and meaningful connections with others, you can help create a world where everyone has the freedom to pursue their dreams on an equal footing.

Empowerment Technology Policy and Regulation

As you delve into the world of empowerment technology policy and regulation, consider the crucial role that government initiatives and support play in fostering innovation and growth.

Recognize the importance of legal frameworks and guidelines in providing a safe, ethical, and equitable environment for all stakeholders involved.

Stay informed about these key aspects to fully understand how they shape the future of empowerment technology and its potential to transform society for the better.

Government initiatives and support

You’ll be amazed by how government initiatives and support can uplift communities, fueling their growth through the power of empowerment technology. By leveraging technology to improve access to information, resources, and opportunities, governments worldwide are fostering an environment where individuals can thrive and find the freedom they desire.

Here are just a few examples of how governments are making strides in promoting empowerment technology:

• Many countries have established National Information and Communications Technology (ICT) policies designed to bridge digital divides and promote widespread adoption of new technologies.
• In some regions, local governments provide free public Wi-Fi hotspots in areas with limited internet access, enabling citizens to stay connected and informed.
• Various government-sponsored programs aim to teach digital literacy skills to disadvantaged populations, helping them become more self-sufficient in today’s increasingly digital world.
• Some governments also offer incentives for businesses embracing empowerment technologies as part of their core operations or corporate social responsibility initiatives.

By supporting these types of initiatives, governments play a crucial role in creating digitally inclusive societies that empower citizens with the tools necessary for personal growth and development.

Through continued investment in these programs, we can work towards building a world where everyone has equal access to the opportunities that come with embracing technology – ultimately ensuring greater freedom for all.

Legal frameworks and guidelines

Imagine navigating the complex world of legal frameworks and guidelines that play a vital role in promoting digital inclusion and protecting your rights in the age of information.

As you venture into this realm, you’ll find that these legal structures are essential for creating an environment where empowerment technology can thrive. They foster innovation, provide resources to bridge the digital divide, and safeguard users from potential harm while enabling them to harness the transformative power of technology.

Having a clear understanding of these legal frameworks and guidelines is crucial if we wish to fully embrace the opportunities presented by empowerment technology. By becoming knowledgeable about relevant laws and regulations, you can confidently navigate this digital landscape, ensuring that your actions align with established norms while also advocating for changes when necessary.

Empowerment Technology Success Stories

There’s nothing quite like hearing real-life success stories of individuals who’ve harnessed the power of empowerment technology to overcome challenges and improve their lives. These inspiring examples demonstrate how technology can be a catalyst for positive change, enabling people from all walks of life to take control of their own destinies and achieve their goals.

• M-Pesa : This mobile money transfer service in Kenya has revolutionized financial inclusion, allowing millions of unbanked citizens access to banking services through their mobile phones. It has empowered rural communities, small businesses, and individuals by providing them with secure, fast, and affordable financial transactions.
• Kiva : A global crowdfunding platform that connects entrepreneurs in developing countries with lenders worldwide. Kiva empowers these entrepreneurs by giving them access to capital they wouldn’t otherwise have, enabling them to grow their businesses and improve their communities.
• Duolingo : A free language learning app that empowers users by making education accessible to everyone. Through gamification techniques and personalized learning experiences, Duolingo helps millions learn new languages every day.
• EdX : An online learning platform that offers high-quality courses from top universities around the world at no cost or low cost. EdX empowers learners by providing flexible educational opportunities that are accessible regardless of location or income level.
• Solar Sister : A social enterprise that trains women in sub-Saharan Africa as solar energy entrepreneurs. By equipping these women with knowledge about clean energy products and business skills, Solar Sister is empowering them to become agents of change within their communities while also addressing critical issues such as climate change and gender inequality.

As you can see from these remarkable stories, empowerment technology truly has the potential to transform lives in profound ways.

By breaking down barriers and opening up new opportunities for personal growth, this innovative field is helping countless individuals realize the freedom they so deeply desire. So whether it’s through financial services or education platforms or sustainable energy solutions, empowerment technology is paving the way for a brighter and more equitable future for all.

• Research article
• Open access
• Published: 23 February 2021

Technology as the key to women’s empowerment: a scoping review

• April Mackey   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-5843 1 &
• Pammla Petrucka 1  

BMC Women's Health volume  21 , Article number:  78 ( 2021 ) Cite this article

27k Accesses

16 Citations

19 Altmetric

Metrics details

Information and communications technologies (ICTs) have empowered people to communicate and network at a global scale. However, there is lack of in-depth understanding of the use of ICTs for women's empowerment. This study examines how the concept empowerment is defined, utilized and measured in research studies, the existing evidence on the use of ICTs for women’s empowerment and the gaps in knowledge at the global level.

The authors’ conducted a scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley methodology. The search identified papers from ten databases, including Scopus, Embase, ABI Inform, Soc Index, Sociological Abstracts, Gender Studies, Springer Link, PsychInfo, Science Direct, and Academic Search Complete over the period of 2012–2018. Search criteria included articles that focused on women’s empowerment and utilized technologies as interventions. Out of a total of 4481 articles that were initially identified, 51 were included.

Technology played a variety of roles in supporting the development of women’s capacities and resources. Results revealed the use of ICT interventions in the overarching areas of outreach (e.g., health promotion), education (e.g., health literacy opportunities), lifestyle (e.g., peer coaching and planning), prevention (e.g., screening opportunities), health challenges (e.g., intimate partner violence apps), and perceptions of barriers (i.e., uptake, utilization and ubiquity to ICTs for women). Despite the positive use of technology to support women in their daily lives, there was a lack of consensus regarding the definition and use of the term empowerment. The concept of empowerment was also inconsistently and poorly measured in individual studies making it difficult to determine if it was achieved.

This scoping review provides a comprehensive review of current and emerging efforts to use ICTs to empower women. The findings suggest a need for collaborative efforts between researchers, program implementers and policy makers as well as the various communities of women to address the persistent gender disparities with respect to ICTs.

Peer Review reports

The term women’s empowerment emerged in the 1970s in response to the need for social justice and gender equality [ 1 , 2 ]. As the term evolved in the 1990s, it was increasingly applied to women who were oppressed and lacking the freedom of choice and action to shape their lives, as well as to discuss women’s participation across multiple sectors in society. More recently it has been used as an outcome and a goal to be achieved is to balance the scales of gender equality and equity. For this research, the definition used regarding women’s empowerment is a process by which women who have experienced oppression acquire the ability to make autonomous and strategic life choices based on their personal priorities. Empowerment is achieved when a woman has the resources, agency, and capabilities to execute decisions on matters of importance [ 3 , 4 ].

Globally women are more likely to experience less favourable social determinants of health (such as over-representation of women in low-paying, insecure employment; lower education and literacy levels amongst rural and immigrant women) than their male counterparts. Women carry the bulk of responsibility for raising children and meeting household obligations, which, globally, contribute to this continued disadvantage [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Due to a lack of affordable and quality daycare, women are over-represented in part-time work force, and often remain within low-income bracket [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Gender, as a social determinant of health, is influenced by the “gendered” norms of the roles, personality traits, attitudes, relative power, and influence that society ascribes to it [ 9 , 10 ]. The transition from the Millennium Development Goals to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 saw the emergence of Target 5 which aims to “Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls” (p. 20) [ 11 ]. A major SDG indicator supporting attainment of women’s empowerment is “enhancing the use of enabling technology by increasing the proportion of women and girls who have access” (p. 20) [ 11 ].

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have catalyzed communication and networking between and among people on a global scale. However, as ICTs have become ubiquitous and grown in both type and access, a digital divide has emerged. This divide parallels gaps in social contexts, such as income and education, as those who use and benefit from access to technologies often have other resources more readily available [ 12 ]. This divide widens the inequity and inequality gaps based on gender, age, disability, or socioeconomic status [ 13 , 14 ].

Women’s empowerment and ICTs have been the subject of global goals, discussions, and debates for many decades [ 15 , 16 ]. Global discussions, such as the 1995 World Conference on Women: Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, deliberated and advocated for the inclusion of women in the information society in order to fully achieve women’s empowerment in connection with ICT. In 2013, 200 million more men had access to the internet than women [ 17 ]. Women use ICTs much less frequently and intensely than men [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ] In 2016, the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) stated that the percentage of women gaining access to ICT is actually decreasing—with women utilizing ICTs 11% less than men in 2013 and 12% less than men in 2016 [ 19 ]. The most recent 2018 report indicated that the overall proportion of internet usage for women was 12% lower than men [ 19 ].

The extant evidence lacks sufficient depth and detail as to exactly how ICTs are being used by women and why they use it less frequently. An important aspect of empowerment in the context of ICTs is gaining a clearer picture as to the type of technologies and technological interventions being used by women. Many authors agree that improved access to ICTs can assist in providing women with employment resources and opportunities that could narrow the gender wage gap, assist in making education and health information more accessible, contribute to the end of violence against women, and lead to women’s empowerment and leadership [ 15 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].

The objectives of this research were to: determine how the concept of empowerment is defined, utilized, and measured in research studies; explore existing evidence regarding the use of ICTs as interventions towards achieving women’s empowerment; and explore the gaps in knowledge and research on this topic from an individual, community, and global perspective.

This research involved a scoping review, which is methodologically similar to a systematic review, to provide a rigourous synthesis of existing evidence [ 25 , 26 ] For the purpose of this study, the scoping review framework used was described by Arksey and O’Malley [ 27 ] as a five-step process with an optional sixth step. These steps include: (1) identifying the research question, as the starting point to guide the search strategy; (2) identifying relevant studies, which involved the development of a comprehensive search strategy to ensure accurate and complete results; (3) selecting studies, which involved developing a-priori inclusion and exclusion criteria that were revised throughout the review process, as familiarity with the evidence increased; (4) charting the data, which involved charting and sorting key material from the results into themes and trends; (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results, which involved presenting the results as a narrative; and (6) consulting with relevant stakeholders, which is contingent upon time and resource considerations. For the purposes of this research, the sixth step was not performed.

Review protocol, team, and management

To ensure transparency, rigour, reproducibility, and consistency, protocols were developed prior to the start of the research, for the inclusion criteria, search strategy, and data characterization. This helped to ensure an unbiased approach to the search protocol and to enhance rigour [ 27 ]. These are available upon request. The scoping review was conducted by a team of individuals with multi-disciplinary capabilities in nursing, knowledge synthesis methodologies, and ICTs. The primary reviewers included the lead and co-authors, as well as one research assistant. In addition, a University librarian was consulted throughout the search term selection process to ensure completeness and accuracy of search terms as well as a comprehensive and complete search strategy.

Any and all potentially relevant citations identified throughout all stages were imported into EndNote™, a reference management software, where duplicates were removed by the program and then double checked, and manually removed by the lead author; the list of citations was then imported into a web-based electronic systematic review management platform, DistillerSR™. The screening for article relevance, up to the data extraction stages, were conducted using this software. Two reviewers (i.e., lead author and research assistant) were involved throughout the selection and analysis process to ensure consistency, adherence to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, relevance to the research question, as well as the categorization of data into themes and patterns. As part of this process, all articles were screened by the lead author and research assistant. Any discrepancies were brought forward to the co-author who made an independent decision whether to include or exclude the article.

Review intent and scope

This was part of a broader study aimed at addressing the following question: What is the global impact of ICTs on women’s empowerment? The current review aimed to examine the concept of empowerment, while exploring the evidence on ICTs as interventions for achieving women’s empowerment at the individual, community, and global levels.

Search strategy

The authors ensured identification of relevant and suitable publications by creating a search strategy protocol prior to retrieving evidence from a variety of sources. As per Arksey and O'Malley [ 27 ], the following avenues were reviewed as part of the search strategy: searching relevant electronic databases, reviewing reference lists of pertinent articles to identify additional sources, and manually searching key journals.

To ensure the search was comprehensive, the following databases, available through the University of Saskatchewan library, were searched on November 30, 2016 and updated on January 1, 2018: Scopus, Embase, ABI Inform, Soc Index, Sociological Abstracts, Gender Studies, Springer Link, PsychInfo, Science Direct, and Academic Search Complete. The COCHRANE Library was also searched for any relevant trials in the trial registry. Limits placed on the search included: English only, no book reviews, publications dated 2012–2017, and the protocol was pretested in Scopus and Soc Index using select key words including “women” and “empowerment” and “technology.” An illustration of the search term strategy is presented in Table 1 .

Search terms were drawn from the research question, as well as from lengthy discussions with the university librarian and expanded upon based on a cursory search of two databases. To determine the range and breadth of key terms, an initial limited search of two databases was conducted yielding several papers. These databases were determined in consultation with the university librarian and included Scopus and Gender Studies. These papers were then analyzed for similar keywords, definitions, analogies, and index terms that were relevant synonyms to the initial search words [ 28 , 29 ]. These additional terms were added to a master list that informed the final search strategy. Specifically, for the term empowerment, keywords were chosen that could provide results that included a lack of empowerment as well, thus the inclusion of “barrier” and “disempower”. The other search terms came directly from key articles and databases and were demonstrated to be the most common variations on the term “empower”. An additional term that was used interchangeably with “empower” was “agency”, however, as this term is used more frequently in conjunction with organizations and not empowerment, it was removed from the search term list.

The ability of the electronic database search to identify all relevant primary research was verified by hand searching the reference lists of eight key peer reviewed articles and nine key electronic journals that were flagged through the initial test search as well as the main search. The journals were chosen based on their relevance to the research question as well as their scholarly nature. The initial three identified journals were: Community Informatics , Gender and Development, and Journal of Women in Culture and Society. Subsequent journals were identified and selected for a hand-search once the initial search was completed. These were : Gender, Technology & Development , Computers in Human Behaviour , American Journal of Health Behaviour , American Journal of Public Health , and Women’s Health Issues . These journals were then reviewed for additional articles potentially not identified through the database search; this included entering the general search into journal databases.

Additional grey literature was identified by hand-searching the websites of the Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library Journals and Conference Proceedings, the UN Women, Status of Women Canada, the United Nations Development Program, the International Center for the Research of Women, the Girls Action Foundation, the Information and Communications Technology Council, the ITU, and the International Development Research Center for primary research reports, guidelines, situation reports, and referenced publications that were not already included.

Study selection: relevance screening and inclusion criteria

The focus of the study selection was locating published and unpublished academic articles, which may have any type of study design, including qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods. The initial pool of results included a total of 4481 citations. An initial set of inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed a-priori to screen abstracts and titles of citations which were refined during each review of the pool of articles. Research articles were initially considered relevant if they included women’s empowerment and/or information and communication technology concepts in the title or abstract of the publication. Synonyms for these concepts were created in consultation with the librarian to ensure a robust search strategy for maximum location and inclusion of studies. Given the evolving nature of ICTs and their role in interventions, the authors wanted the articles to reflect a recent knowledge base, therefore the timeframe of 2012–2016 was chosen, which was later expanded to December 31, 2017 as the review progressed. The results were also filtered to include English only content.

First screen: inclusion criteria

The inclusion criteria created for the first level of study selection were driven by the review topics, specifically, women, empowerment, and ICTs. According to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) (2015), the inclusion criteria should be based on three themes, also known by the acronym of PCC: (a) participant description, (b) concept, which is likened to the phenomena of interest, and (c) context. The inclusion criteria used in the first level of selection were country of publication, date of publication (2012–2017), and the use of both of the following concepts in the title or abstract of the publication: women’s empowerment and/or information and communication technology. At this stage, the lead author looked for the presence of the key words in the title and/or abstract. The use of these keywords as inclusion criteria was designed to be intentionally broad to provide a sense of what publications linked the two concepts (i.e., women's empowerment and ICTs).

First screen: study selection

On first review, the initial pool of articles was subjected to a staged process to ensure studies were selected that were relevant to the research question and met the inclusion criteria. Articles were first excluded based on duplication within the initial search results. This exclusion was conducted using the search tools feature within the electronic database, but also within the reference management program Endnote™ and then manually by the lead author. The inclusion criteria were applied to the title and abstract of the publication. Any title or abstract that did not meet the inclusion criteria was removed from further review and consideration. All articles excluded by the criteria were sent to the research assistant who confirmed the exclusion. Any disagreements or contradictions between the primary author and the research assistant were thoroughly discussed, with both parties having to agree to the inclusion before the publication could be added back into the pool of articles to move on to the next stage. Additionally, if an article could not be excluded based solely on the title or the abstract, the full article was reviewed for relevance to the research question and inclusion criteria. These latter two points did not prove to be an issue as there were no disagreements.

Second screen

The remaining pool of articles was then reviewed a second time by applying a second level of inclusion criteria to the title as well as the abstract. It is common and encouraged as part of the scoping review process to generate increased cumulative familiarity with how concepts are presented within the evidence. This, in turn, informed the decisions that were made regarding the inclusion or exclusion criteria in the subsequent stage. Much of the articles after the first level of elimination included technology as a passive aspect of the study and not one that women actively participated in. It was important for the authors that the technological aspect of each study be an intervention that women could engage in towards building self-efficacy and capacity. This informs current gaps within the evidence that speak to how women are using technologies to support their empowerment. As such, this set of inclusion criteria focused on technology as an intervention and women as active participants in the study instead of just the word “women” found throughout the first set of criteria.

Final screen

For the final review of the full text articles, based on the content and findings in the scoping review process, an additional criterion was included. The authors wanted to explore how the social determinants of health informed and supported the concepts of women, empowerment, and ICTs. At this stage, it was noted which social determinants of health, if any, were present in each article. The list of social determinants based on the Government of Canada (2019) criterion was utilized as a reference for this portion of the process, such as employment and working conditions; income and social status; social supports and coping skills. The remaining 59 articles all had social determinants of health. A subsequent review resulted in 14 of the 59 articles being eliminated from consideration as they did not meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Rather than focus on a range of these determinants, the authors decided to include all 45 articles and to then review the implications of this finding in the analysis (Fig.  1 ).

PRISMA Flow for Screening Process

Re-run searches

Due to the extended time to conduct the review, the authors included re-run searches for each database up to January 1, 2018. A total of 573 articles were found in all 10 of the main electronic databases. Using the inclusion and exclusion criteria previously described all but six articles were eliminated through the first and second stages in the review process. The final total number of articles included in the analysis was 51.

Study characteristics, extraction, and charting

The final step in the Arksey and O’Malley’s [ 27 ] scoping review framework was to collate and summarize the results for presentation and discussion. Each selected article was summarized in a customized data characterization utility form to guide data extraction. The goal of this step was to determine and chart factors to be extracted from each article to help answer the research question [ 26 , 27 , 30 ]. The charting of data was an iterative and exploratory process in which the data charts were continuously updated to ensure completeness and accuracy [ 26 , 30 ]. Data extracted from the charts included year of publication, country of study, implications for policy and practice, types of ICT interventions, demographics, empowerment (definition, as a design consideration, and measures), and social determinants of health (presence and description within in the study). All data were then analyzed using thematic analysis and the main ideas refined over several iterations. The data were then mapped using tabular and visual presentations of the main conceptual categories followed by a narrative summary describing how the results related to the research question and objectives.

Demographics and study characteristics

The geographic range of the included evidence was global; however, 41.1% (21/51) described research conducted in the USA. Seven studies were conducted in India, three in Australia, three in Sweden, and two in Canada. One study was conducted in each of the following countries: Finland, Ghana, Italy, Japan, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, and United Kingdom.

Collation and comparison of demographics was difficult due to a lack of consistency in reporting. However, all articles described the demographics of women who were the primary focus of the study. Seventy eight percent of the articles (40/51) reported on some or all of the descriptive study characteristics. The age of participants was frequently reported although there were inconsistent age groupings across the studies. Some articles only reported the mean age of participants, while others provided only an age range. The lowest mean age reported was 24 years while the highest was 59.6 years; the categories ranged from less than 16 years to 64 years and older. It is difficult to compare these age ranges as the categories varied in the included articles, and it was unclear as to whether age was simply a descriptive statistic designed to describe the sample or whether it was reflected upon consistently in terms of the overall implications to the study.

Missing from the studies were the perspectives and participation of women who could not access, afford, and/or purchase an ICT device as well as effectively and fully utilize it to support their empowerment. Exclusion criteria used in the individual 51 studies illustrate that women not already owning a mobile device, computer, or tablet were eliminated from participating in the research.

Empowerment definition

In the included studies, the concept of empowerment was used incongruously with terms like self-concept, self-esteem, and self-worth, sometimes by the same author in the same study, which further limited our ability to achieve a uniform definition for the purposes of this research. Less than one quarter (12/51) of the studies used the term “empower(ment)” in their definition of the concept of interest. These studies defined empowerment as a process but with different foci: as individuals having choice or control over their decisions [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], as being multi-dimensional and influencing a variety of areas [ 34 , 37 , 39 , 40 ] or with a focus on building individuals’ capacities, including internal and external resources [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ].

The remaining studies described empowerment in a more indirect way, never including the term “empower” or “disempower.” Instead, the term empowerment was described in synonymous terms, for instance, half (28/51) described the concept of empowerment as the process of enabling a sense of self-efficacy or self-worth in the ability to overcome barriers to resources, as well as the barriers to decision-making control [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ]. One fifth (11/51) described empowerment as the process enabling a sense of self-efficacy or self-worth in the ability to overcome barriers to control over resources [ 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 ].

Measures of empowerment

All studies considered the concept of empowerment in their design; 80% (41/51) of the articles considered empowerment as a primary outcome of the study. No measures of empowerment were specifically cited in any of the articles, beyond the measures of the behaviour being studied. Several studies included various measures of self-efficacy (i.e., childbirth [ 74 ], physical activity [ 56 , 67 , 71 , 74 , 80 , 81 ], intimate partner violence [ 72 ], caregiving [ 75 ], barrier [ 55 , 56 ], health [ 78 ], and chronic disease management [ 77 ]). The authors of the articles did not compare the different types of self-efficacy scales for validity of empowerment. The diversity of the scales illustrates a focus on improving efficacy of individual behaviors rather than the holistic empowerment of women.

ICT interventions to support women’s capacity and tools

The articles described a range of supportive ICT interventions, though with inconsistent and overlapping classification. The specific types of interventions covered in the 51 articles included web-based devices (17), the internet (19), particular websites (3), blogs (1), text messaging (4), telemedicine (1), video (1), apps (5), social media (2), computers (6), email (1) and Fitbit™ (1). Our categorization of ICTs focused on how the specific interventions were utilized in the day to day lives of women and were obtained from a thematic analysis of the types of ICTs used by women in the studies. The themes included (1) Outreach; (2) Education; (3) Lifestyle (4) Health Challenges; (5) Prevention; and (6) Perception of Barriers.

Ten of the 51 articles reviewed described supportive ICT interventions as a means of outreach or connecting with clients in the community. Common themes in this section included supporting women where they are at in the community, in terms of their social position, to enhance positive health behaviours with technological assistance, as well as overall enhanced accessibility to ICTs. This was accomplished through Cognitive Behavioural Therapy using computers [ 46 ], and web-based decision aid for understanding fetal anomalies [ 47 ]. Educational text messages were sent to encourage breastfeeding [ 79 ], and general health promotion interventions were delivered as well [ 43 , 44 , 56 , 65 , 73 , 75 , 80 ].

Six articles described supportive ICT interventions that delivered various health information, through smartphones or other web-based devices. These included Facebook™ virtual learning systems [ 34 ], psychoeducation for breast cancer patients [ 35 ], as well as interactive voice response as a tool for improving access to healthcare in remote areas [ 59 ]. Other interventions included English language programs [ 70 ], antenatal perineal massage support groups [ 76 ], as well as support for enhancing doctor-patient relationships. [ 64 ].

Twelve articles described supportive ICT interventions that focused on behavioural outcomes related to general lifestyle areas, using web-based devices. Commonly, the interventions provided some form of external support for women to improve their overall way of being healthy. These included improving nutrition knowledge and behaviours [ 67 , 69 ], promoting healthy food planning, shopping, and eating behaviours [ 54 ], interventions for weight loss behaviours, [ 45 ] and engagement with physical activity coaching [ 55 , 71 , 74 ]. Many of the interventions focused on social networks [ 9 , 48 ], for example, peer support for building social capital [ 52 ], and promoting social behaviours through an iPad book club [ 81 ].

Health challenges

Eleven articles described ICT interventions that focused on using web-based devices to address specific health challenges. The health challenges largely focusing on ways to enhance maintenance of women’s health, for example, self-paced education programs for those who experience intimate partner, as well as dating violence [ 33 , 41 , 72 ], and educational training to enhance understanding and management of chronic illness [ 77 ]. The interventions addressing health challenges were concentrated on those that affect women only, for example educational training for patients with breast cancer [ 38 , 61 ], health modules for those with breast cancer [ 78 ] and stress incontinence [ 63 ] and advanced care planning for women with ovarian cancer [ 49 ].

A few articles (3/51) described ICT interventions that focused on preventing specific health challenges using web-based devices. One intervention focused on the prevention of sexual and reproductive illness using education information [ 57 ]. Another encouraged vaccination behaviors and immunization with educational information [ 58 ] as well as the prevention of pre-eclampsia in rural developing countries using diagnostic tools [ 51 ]. One study focused on utilizing mobile phones to manage money transfers to support transport of women with fistula to urban hospitals [ 60 ] and another examined electronic health records to improve breast cancer screening [ 53 ].

Perceptions of barriers

Nine articles described ICT interventions that focused on the perception of barriers to ICTs that assist women in advancing their understanding and use of ICTs. These studies focused on the perceived barriers and understanding of the role of mobile phones, [ 42 , 66 ] the awareness of gender-based barriers in telemedicine [ 68 ], the development of women through mobile phones [ 32 , 40 ], as well as the connection with women in the community apps [ 50 ].

Concept of empowerment

Empowerment is a multi-dimensional and contextual concept that is internal by nature, varies in meaning, and reflects how women self-ascribe it to themselves. From the outset of the review, search terms had to include words beyond simply “empower[ment]” as much of the initial searching revealed synonyms including self-efficacy, self-worth, self-concept, and/or capacity. This inconsistency in the use of the term empowerment yields a lack of consensus on how empowerment is understood which impacts how research studies and interventions are structured and delivered to ensure maximum effectiveness and generalizability. While none of the studies included in the review indicated the broader negative outcomes related to the use of ICT, the literature supports a flip side to using technology to empower women. For example, technological advances are disproportionately accompanied by female-directed cyber abuse [ 82 , 83 ].

Evidence that women of poor socio-economic status are being left out of research studies and programs that aim to support women’s empowerment, highlights that targeted access and funding for at risk populations (such as sub-populations of women) are essential considerations in policy and program development across individual, community, and global contexts. This also reflects biases in terms of the population sub-groups in research studies that aim to advance empowerment. Opportunities exist for further evaluation of how empowerment is being measured and used in conjunction with ICTs, as well as which frameworks are being used to guide research in this area. The lack of specific measures of empowerment reflects a barrier, not only regarding how strategies for empowerment are understood and implemented, but how researchers know whether empowerment has been achieved. The finding underscores a need for a standardized tool for measuring the level of women’s empowerment.

ICTs to improve empowerment

Empowerment through ICTs has the potential to cross multiple sectors, both private and public. The complexity of empowerment and ICTs, as they relate to the root issues of inequities, suggests the need for collaborative, multi-sectoral involvement. These partnerships consider the contextual factors that act as facilitators and barriers for women in all types of communities. Interagency partnerships are uniquely suited to develop interventions aimed at enabling women to make better use of ICTs. These interventions should include information on access to education, facilities for education regarding entrepreneurship, employment opportunities, and health and other government health resources. Governments partnering with private telecommunication agencies through subsidization could provide discounted or refurbished devices for women who are deemed disadvantaged. Funding may also benefit those who experience difficulty in obtaining mobile devices as well as in accessing interventions aimed at enhancing the use of ICT. For example, funding is needed to support the cost of accessing services, low-cost devices, or the provision of Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards. Alternatively, governments should support and encourage private mobile operators through tax exemptions and other benefits to facilitate better mobile services and infrastructure in rural, remote, and urban areas. Providing accessible computer sites within communities or in schools is another way to bridge the gap in access to and use of ICT. These strategies not only help in improving the overall status of girls and women but also influence overall empowerment and development of the community.

Though ICT is not the only factor that can support women’s empowerment through capacity building, women who do not have access to or who cannot afford ICTs, are potentially disempowered due to a lack of voice and participation within the information sphere. Exclusion of such women from research limits the measurement of the true impact of ICTs on empowerment and generalizability of findings. Continued research regarding empowerment involving more advantaged sub-groups of women does not address the inherent issues of oppression of women within society and further disempowers those under-represented groups. Local policies (such as affordable internet as a basic need; basic digital literacy education embedded in local curricula) have the greatest potential of improving the uptake of ICTs, as this process occurs initially at the individual level.

Individual, community, and global knowledge

Local and national governments need to invest in information gathering tools that inquire how and why women are using technology to support their lives and families. Equally important is the inquiry of women’s perceptions regarding how they prefer to use ICTs to improve their lives or the barriers they experience in the process. A global survey undertaken by the UN Statistics Division in 2011 indicated that only 30 percent of countries regularly produce sex-disaggregated statistics (such as male:female access to ICT; digital literacy by gender) and existing data collection approaches do not incorporate qualitative components that highlight the voices of women [ 84 ].

Future data should be translated into gender sensitive policies that support equal access and use of ICTs. The development and implementation of such policies should involve representation of women from all socio-economic backgrounds and ages to ensure maximum impact. Examples include policies that allow women to effectively access and participate in ICTs within society, the delivery of ICTs at a reasonable cost for all, as well as policies that regulate the cost and provision of services linked to ICTs such as availability of cell phone, easily accessible WiFi sites, and cost-effective internet plans.

Limitations

While scoping reviews examine the breadth of evidence available on a topic, they do not factor in the depth or quality of that evidence [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 30 ]. Some authors have argued that scoping reviews should include an assessment of quality; however, Armstrong et al. [ 25 ] contend that this decision should depend on the resources available for the review as well as the purpose of the scoping review itself. The quantity of data that is generated in a scoping review can be significant and so it is important to find a balance between providing an overview of all types of evidence found and providing detailed data and assessment of a smaller number of studies [ 25 ]. Scoping studies also lack a thorough evaluation of the quality of results, instead producing a narrative account of all available evidence [ 26 , 27 ]. This approach serves to ensure that all resulting evidence is included in the review and does not limit the end number of articles, as in a systematic review.

Conclusions

The diversity of technological interventions utilized to support empowerment is infinite and there is no limit to how ICTs can be implemented in daily lives. This study is novel and essential as it comprehensively describes efforts to use ICTs to empower women, and the imperative for collaborations between researchers, program implementers and policy makers to address the persistent gender disparities in the access to and use of technologies. This research provides a foundation for future research on the concept of empowerment with ICTs in critical areas of outreach, education, lifestyle, health challenge, prevention, and perception of barriers. Outreach was linked to positive health behaviours such as health promotion and decision-making applications. Education interventions varied from learning systems to health relationships for knowledge sharing. Lifestyle ICT interventions were related to external supports, often peer based, for improving healthful choices such as coaching and planning tools. Health challenges and prevention were relevant to specific challenges (e.g., intimate partner violence; chronic diseases) and health literacy issues (e.g., vaccine awareness; screening programs), respectively. The final theme of perceptions of barriers reflected experiences by participants respecting uptake, utilization, and ubiquity of ICTs. Each of these areas is well situated for future intervention research and each area brings focal points and imperatives to this emerging research agenda.

Availability of data and materials

The databases used in the study were all open access and included Scopus, Embase, ABI Inform, Soc Index, Sociological Abstracts, Gender Studies, Springer Link, PsychInfo, Science Direct, and Academic Search Complete. The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

Sustainable Development Goals

Information and communication technology

Information and communications technologies

World Health Organization

United Nations

International Telecommunication Union

Global Positioning System

Subscriber Identity Module

Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. (M. B. Ramos, trans.). New York: Continuum.

Grabe S. An empirical examination of women’s empowerment and transformative change in the context of international development. Am J Community Psychol. 2011;49:233–45.

Article   Google Scholar  

Kabeer N. Resources, agency, achievements: reflections on the measurement of women’s empowerment. Dev Change. 1999;30(43):435–64.

Mosedale S. Assessing women’s empowerment: towards a conceptual framework. J Int Dev. 2005;17:243–57.

Lips H. The gender pay gap: Challenging the rationalizations. Perceived equity, discrimination, and the limits of human capital models. Feminist Forum, 2013;68:169–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-012-0165-z

Marmot M, Allen J, Bell R, Bloomer E, Goldblatt P. WHO European review of social determinants of health and the health divide. The Lancet. 2012;380(9846):1011–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61228-8 .

Raphael D. (2012). Tackling Health Inequalities: Lessons from International Experiences .  Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press; 2012.

Statistics Canada. Economic well-being. 2015a. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-503-x/2010001/article/11388-eng.htm#a4

Mikkonen J, Raphael D. Social determinants of health: Canadian facts. 2010. http://www.nsgamingfoundation.org/articlesReports/Report_Social_Determinants _of_Health_The_Canadian_Facts.pdf

Public Health Agency of Canada. What determines health? In: Population Health. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/determinants/index-eng.php

United Nations. Sustainable Development Goals Report. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf

Dixon LJ, Coorea T, Straubhaar J, Covarrubias L, Graber D, Spence J, Rojas V. Gendered spaces: the digital divide between male and female users in internet public access sites. J Comput Med Commun. 2014;19(4):991–1009.

Fang ML, Canham SL, Battersby L, Sixsmith J, Wada M, Sixsmith A. Exploring privilege in the digital divide: Implications for theory, policy, and practice. The Gerontologist. 2018;59(1):e1–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny037 .

Pagán FJB, Martínez JL, Máiquez MCC. Internet use by secondary school students: a digital divide in sustainable societies? Sustainability. 2018;10(10):1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103703 .

Brimacombe T, Skuse A. Gender, ICTs, and indicators: Measuring inequality and change. Gender Technol Dev. 2013;17(2):131–57.

Gurumurthy, A. (2004). Gender and ICTs: Overview report . Retrieved from http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/sites/bridge.ids.ac.uk/files/reports/CEP-ICTs-OR.pdf

Intel. (2013). Women and web. Retrieved from http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/ en/documents/pdf/women-and-the-web.pdf

Hilbert M. Digital gender divide or technologically empowered women in developing countries? A typical case of lies, damned lies, and statistics. Women’s Stud Int Forum. 2011;34(6):479–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2011.07.001 .

International Telecommunication Union. ICT facts and figures: 2017. 2017. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/pages/facts/default.aspx

Ono H, Zavodny M. Gender and the internet. Soc Sci Quart. 2009;84(1):111–21.

Wasserman IM, Richmond-Abbott MR. Gender and the internet: Causes of variation in access, level, and scope of use. Soc Sci Quart. 2005;86(1):252–70.

Gill, K., Brooks, K., McDougall, J., Patel, P., & Kes, A. (2010). Bridging the gender divide: How technology can advance women economically. Retrieved from http://www.icrw.org/files/publications/Bridging-the-Gender-Divide-How-Technology-can-Advance-Women-Economically.pdf

Gurumurthy, A. (2006). Promoting gender equality? Some development-related uses of ICTs by women. Development in Practice, 16 (6).

Weiss M, Tarchinskaya E. The role of information technologies in changing the status of women to improve human conditions. In: Brocke JV, Stein A, Hofmann S, Tumbas S, editors. Grand societal challenges in information systems research and education. New York: Springer; 2015. p. 51–60.

Chapter   Google Scholar  

Armstrong R, Hall BJ, Doyle J, Waters E. Scoping the scope of a Cochrane review. J Public Health. 2011;33(1):147–50.

The Joanna Briggs Institute. Methodology for JBI scoping reviews. 2015. http://joannabriggs.org/assets/docs/sumari/Reviewers-Manual_Methodology-for-JBI-Scoping-Reviews_2015_v2.pdf

Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8(1):19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616 .

Grimshaw J. A guide to knowledge synthesis. Canadian Institutes of Health Research. 2010. http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/41382.html

Landa AH, Szabo I, Le Brun L, Owen I, Fletcher G, & Hill M. An evidence-based approach to scoping reviews. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. 2011;10:4: 173–175. http://martinhill.me.uk/pubs/EvidenceBasedApproachToLitReview.pdf

Levac D, Colquhoun H, O’Brien KK. Scoping studies: Advancing the methodology. Implementation Science. 2010;5:1:1–9.

Chew HE, Ilavarasan VP, Levy MR. Mattering matters: agency, empowerment, and mobile phone use by female microentrepreneurs. Inf Technol Dev. 2015;21(4):523–42.

Handapangoda WS, & Sisira Kumara A. From silence to voice: Examining the empowerment potential of mobile phones to women in Sri Lanka: The case of dependent housewives. 2012. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41768/

Lindsay M, Messing JT, Thaller J, Baldwin A, Clough A, Bloom T, ... & Glass N. Survivor feedback on a safety decision aid smartphone application for college-age women in abusive relationships. Journal of Technology in Human Services. 2013;31:4:368–388.

Vivakaran MV, Maraimalai N. Feminist pedagogy and social media: a study on their integration and effectiveness in training budding women entrepreneurs. Gend Educ. 2017;29(7):869–89.

Admiraal JM, van der Velden AW, Geerling J, Burgerhof JG, Bouma G, Walenkamp AM, ... & Reyners AK. Web-based tailored psychoeducation for breast cancer patients at the onset of the survivorship phase: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2017;54:4:466–75.

Nord JH, Riggio MT, Paliszkiewicz J. Social and economic development through information and communications technologies: Italy. J Comput Inf Syst. 2017;57(3):278–85.

Google Scholar  

Sarkar S. Beyond the “digital divide”: the “computer girls” of Seelampur. Feminist Media Stud. 2016;16(6):968–83.

Siekkinen M, Kesänen J, Vahlberg T, Pyrhönen S, Leino-Kilpi H. Randomized, controlled trial of the effect of e-feedback on knowledge about radiotherapy of breast cancer patients in Finland. Nursing Health Sci. 2015;17(1):97–104.

Holbrey S, Coulson NS. A qualitative investigation of the impact of peer to peer online support for women living with polycystic ovary syndrome. BMC Women’s Health. 2013;13(1):51.

Article   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

Islam MK, & Slack F. Women in rural Bangladesh: Empowered by access to mobile phones. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. 2016;March:75–84.

Choo E, Guthrie KM, Mello M, Wetle TF, Ranney M, Tapé C, Zlotnick C. “I need to hear from women who have ‘been there’”: Developing a woman-focused intervention for drug use and partner violence in the emergency department. Partner Abuse. 2016;7(2):193.

Mehta BS, Mehta N. ICT and Socio-economic empowerment of rural women: case of mobile phone in India. Knowl Horizons-Econ. 2014;6(4):103–12.

Brown S, Hudson DB, Campbell-Grossman C, & Yates BC. Health promotion text blasts for minority adolescent mothers. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing. 2014;39:6:357–362.

Gold KJ, Normandin MM, Boggs ME. Are participants in face-to-face and internet support groups the same? Comparison of demographics and depression levels among women bereaved by stillbirth. Arch Women’s Mental Health. 2016;19(6):1073–8.

Hearn L, Miller M, Lester L. Reaching perinatal women online: The healthy you, healthy baby website and app. J Obesity. 2014;2014:1–9.

Kim DR, Hantsoo L, Thase ME, Sammel M, Epperson CN. Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy for pregnant women with major depressive disorder. J Women’s Health. 2014;23(10):842–8.

Åhman A, Sarkadi A, Lindgren P, Rubertsson C. “It made you think twice”–an interview study of women’s perception of a web-based decision aid concerning screening and diagnostic testing for fetal anomalies. BMC Pregn Childbirth. 2016;16(1):267.

Chib A, Malik S, Aricat RG, Kadir SZ. Migrant mothering and mobile phones: Negotiations of transnational identity. Mobile Media Commun. 2014;2(1):73–93.

Vogel RI, Petzel SV, Cragg J, McClellan M, Chan D, Dickson E, Geller MA. Development and pilot of an advance care planning website for women with ovarian cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Gynecol Oncol. 2013;131(2):430–6.

Ayiasi RM, Kolsteren P, Batwala V, Criel B, & Orach CG. Effect of village health team home visits and mobile phone consultations on maternal and newborn care practices in Masindi and Kiryandongo, Uganda: A community-intervention trial. PloS One.

Jonas SM, Deserno TM, Buhimschi CS, Makin J, Choma MA, Buhimschi IA. Smartphone-based diagnostic for preeclampsia: a mHealth solution for administering the Congo Red Dot (CRD) test in settings with limited resources. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2015;23(1):166–73.

Wollersheim D, Koh L, Walker R, Liamputtong P. Constant connections: piloting a mobile phone-based peer support program for Nuer (southern Sudanese) women. Aust J Primary Health. 2013;19(1):7–13.

Atlas SJ, Ashburner JM, Chang Y, Lester WT, Barry M, Grant RW. Population-based breast cancer screening in a primary care network. Am J Managed Care. 2012;18(12):821.

Ball K, Mouchacca J, Jackson M. The feasibility and appeal of mobile ‘apps’ for supporting healthy food purchasing and consumption among socioeconomically disadvantaged women: a pilot study. Health Promotion J Aust. 2014;25(2):79–82.

Choi J, hyeon Lee J, Vittinghoff E, & Fukuoka Y. mHealth physical activity intervention: A randomized pilot study in physically inactive pregnant women. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2016;20:5:1091–1101.

Fjeldsoe BS, Miller YD, Marshall AL. Social cognitive mediators of the effect of the MobileMums intervention on physical activity. Health Psychol. 2013;32(7):729.

Article   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Akinfaderin-Agarau F, Chirtau M, Ekponimo S, Power S. Opportunities and limitations for using new media and mobile phones to expand access to sexual and reproductive health information and services for adolescent girls and young women in six Nigerian states. Afr J Reprod Health. 2012;16(2):219–30.

PubMed   Google Scholar  

Atkinson KM, Westeinde J, Ducharme R, Wilson SE, Deeks SL, Crowcroft N, Wilson K. Can mobile technologies improve on-time vaccination? A study piloting maternal use of ImmunizeCA, a Pan-Canadian immunization app. Human Vac Immunotherap. 2016;12(10):2654–61.

Brinkel J, May J, Krumkamp R, Lamshöft M, Kreuels B, Owusu-Dabo E, ... & Fobil JN. Mobile phone-based interactive voice response as a tool for improving access to healthcare in remote areas in Ghana: an evaluation of user experiences. Trop Med Int Health 2017;22:5:622–630.

Fiander A, Ndahani C, Mmuya K, Vanneste T. Results from 2011 for the transportMYpatient program for overcoming transport costs among women seeking treatment for obstetric fistula in Tanzania. Int J Gynecol Obstetr. 2013;120(3):292–5.

Kukafka R, Yi H, Xiao T, Thomas P, Aguirre A, Smalletz C, ... & Crew K. Why breast cancer risk by the numbers is not enough: Evaluation of a decision aid in multi-ethnic, low-numerate women. J Med Internet Res. 2015;17:7.

Potnis D. Culture’s consequences: Economic barriers to owning mobile phones experienced by women in India. Telematics Inform. 2016;33(2):356–69.

Sjöström M, Umefjord G, Stenlund H, Carlbring P, Andersson G, Samuelsson E. Internet-based treatment of stress urinary incontinence: a randomised controlled study with focus on pelvic floor muscle training. BJU Int. 2013;112(3):362–72.

Song FW, West JE, Lundy L, Smith DN. Women, pregnancy and health information online: the making of informed patients and ideal mothers. Gender Soc. 2012;26(5):773–98.

Wen KY, Miller SM, Kilby L, Fleisher L, Belton TD, Roy G, Hernandez E. Preventing postpartum smoking relapse among inner city women: development of a theory-based and evidence-guided text messaging intervention. JMIR Res Protocols. 2014;3:2.

Frizzo-Barker J, Chow-White PA. “There’s an App for That” Mediating mobile moms and connected careerists through smartphones and networked individualism. Feminist Media Stud. 2012;12(4):580–9.

Kim C, Draska M, Hess ML, Wilson EJ, Richardson CR. A web-based pedometer programme in women with a recent history of gestational diabetes. Diabet Med. 2012;29(2):278–83.

Article   CAS   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

Parajuli R, Doneys P. Exploring the role of telemedicine in improving access to healthcare services by women and girls in rural Nepal. Telematics Inform. 2017;34(7):1166–76.

Bissonnette-Maheux V, Provencher V, Lapointe A, Dugrenier M, Dumas AA, Pluye P, Desroches S. Exploring women’s beliefs and perceptions about healthy eating blogs: a qualitative study. J Med Internet Res. 2015;17:4.

Tyers AA Gender Digital Divide? Women learning english through ICTs in Bangladesh. In mLearn. 2012;94–100.

Albright CL, Steffen AD, Novotny R, Nigg CR, Wilkens LR, Saiki K, Brown WJ. Baseline results from Hawaii’s Nā Mikimiki project: a physical activity intervention tailored to multiethnic postpartum women. Women Health. 2012;52(3):265–91.

Gilbert L, Shaw SA, Goddard-Eckrich D, Chang M, Rowe J, McCrimmon T, Epperson M. Project WINGS (Women Initiating New Goals of Safety): A randomised controlled trial of a screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT) service to identify and address intimate partner violence victimisation among substance-using women receiving community supervision. Criminal Behav Mental Health. 2015;25(4):314–29.

Min YH, Lee JW, Shin YW, Jo MW, Sohn G, Lee JH, ... & Yu JH. Daily collection of self-reporting sleep disturbance data via a smartphone app in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: A feasibility study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16:5:e135.

Sriramatr S, Berry TR, Spence JC. An Internet-based intervention for promoting and maintaining physical activity: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Health Behav. 2014;38(3):430–9.

Steffen AM, Gant JR. A telehealth behavioral coaching intervention for neurocognitive disorder family carers. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2016;31(2):195–203.

Takeuchi S, Horiuchi S. Randomised controlled trial using smartphone website vs leaflet to support antenatal perineal massage practice for pregnant women. Women and Birth. 2016;29(5):430–5.

Weinert C, Cudney S, Comstock B, Bansal A. Computer intervention: Illness self-management/quality of life of rural women. Can J Nurs Res. 2014;46(1):26–43.

Ventura F, Sawatzky R, Öhlén J, Karlsson P, Koinberg I. Challenges of evaluating a computer-based educational programme for women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Cancer Care. 2017;26:5.

Martinez-Brockman JL, Shebl FM, Harari N, Perez-Escamilla R. An assessment of the social cognitive predictors of exclusive breastfeeding behavior using the Health Action Process Approach. Soc Sci Med. 2017;182:106–16.

Article   CAS   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Kim HK, Niederdeppe J, Graham M, Olson C, Gay G. Effects of online self-regulation activities on physical activity among pregnant and early postpartum women. J Health Commun. 2015;20:101115–24.

Ehlers DK, Huberty JL, de Vreede GJ. Can an evidence-based book club intervention delivered via a tablet computer improve physical activity in middle-aged women? Telemed e-Health. 2015;21(2):125–31.

Dimond JP, Fiesler C, Bruckman AS. Domestic violence and information communication technologies. Interact Comput. 2011;23(5):413–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2011.04.006 .

Henry N, Powell A. Technology-facilitated sexual violence: a literature review of empirical research. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2018;19(2):195–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016650189 .

United Nations Statistics Division. Gender data: Sources, gaps, and measurement opportunities. 2017. http://www.data4sdgs.org/sites/default/files/2017-09/Gender%20Data%20-%20Data4SDGs%20Toolbox%20Module.pdf

Download references

Acknowledgements

Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

University of Saskatchewan, 100-4400 4th Ave, Regina, SK, S4T 0H8, Canada

April Mackey & Pammla Petrucka

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Contributions

AM was involved in the conceptualization, analysis, and writing of the first draft of the manuscript, as well as all edits. PP assisted in analyzing and interpreting the data and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to April Mackey .

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate.

Approval from the University of Saskatchewan Behavioural Research Ethics Board was waived for this study as the information retrieved was publicly available.

Consent for publication

Competing interests.

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article.

Mackey, A., Petrucka, P. Technology as the key to women’s empowerment: a scoping review. BMC Women's Health 21 , 78 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01225-4

Download citation

Received : 04 December 2019

Accepted : 16 February 2021

Published : 23 February 2021

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01225-4

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Information and communications technology
• Women empowerment
• Scoping review

BMC Women's Health

ISSN: 1472-6874

• Submission enquiries: [email protected]
• General enquiries: [email protected]

Education Digest 72:8 \(April 2007\), pp. 12-18.

• Show all results for " "

Empowerment Technology Chapter 1

Study Flashcards

4 questions, which of the following best describes the role of information and communication technology (ict) in our society, what are the most essential learning competencies in the context of ict, which of the following is not a way in which ict is used in our daily lives, why is it important to appreciate the importance of ict, description.

Test your knowledge of information and communication technology (ICT) with this quiz on Empowerment Technology Chapter 1. Explore topics such as ICT applications, research, productivity, safety, and ethics. Compare and contrast different online platforms, sites, and content to effectively achieve class objectives and address challenges. Identify the essentials of ICT and its importance in today's world.

Make Your Own Quiz

Transform your notes into a shareable quiz, with AI.

More Quizzes Like This

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Quiz

Understanding Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Trends Quiz

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Overview

Upgrade to continue

Today's Special Offer

Save an additional 20% with coupon: SAVE20

Upgrade to a paid plan to continue using Quizgecko.

Trusted by students, educators, and businesses worldwide.

We are constantly improving Quizgecko and would love to hear your feedback. You can also submit feature requests here: feature requests.

Create your free account

By continuing, you agree to Quizgecko's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy .

Trusted by businesses, educators, and individuals worldwide.

• Become a Member
• Artificial Intelligence
• Computational Thinking
• Digital Citizenship
• Edtech Selection
• Global Collaborations
• STEAM in Education
• Teacher Preparation
• ISTE Certification
• School Partners
• Career Development
• ISTELive 24
• 2024 ASCD Annual Conference
• Solutions Summit
• Leadership Exchange
• 2024 ASCD Leadership Summit
• Edtech Product Database
• Solutions Network
• Sponsorship & Advertising
• Sponsorship & Advertising
• Learning Library

Student empowerment — from vision to practice

• ISTE Standards

ISTE along with the Partnership for 21st Century Skills (P21) agree that today’s students need learning that goes beyond the traditional subjects and modes of learning. In 2016, ISTE released updated standards for students that envision a significant shift in learning and teaching amplified by meaningful use of technology in education. At the heart of the ISTE Standards for Students is the  Empowered Learner, the first of the standards , which calls for student empowerment to undergird all of the standards.

But what does it really mean for a student to be empowered? And why does it matter? One of the most crucial things we should be preparing today’s children for is change. Predicting the future accurately is difficult, if not impossible, but signs point to an ongoing disruption that will reward those who are nimble, self-motivated, adaptable and able to persevere. Building these abilities in students is at the heart of fostering student empowerment and foundational to the 2016 ISTE Standards for Students. Furthermore, today’s teachers face an increasingly diverse group of students in terms of abilities, needs and supports. In order to meet the needs of all student learners, teachers can find useful pedagogical shifts built into the personalization and self-motivation at the heart of student empowerment.

• Student motivation  is crucial for students to feel empowered in their learning. Educators can increase student motivation through various strategies, including giving students meaningful voice and choice when setting learning goals and demonstrating competency. They can also scaffold students as they reflect on how learning and learning preferences apply to their own goals — either immediate learning goals or longer term ones. For example, a student may recognize how writing an essay aligns with her goal to improve her writing and research abilities for this school year. On the other hand, she may also align outlining her essay with computational thinking skills that segue with her plan to work in software development.
• Social-emotional engagement  has become one of the big buzzwords in education. As it relates to student empowerment and the ISTE Standards for Students, social-emotional engagement provides students with invaluable skills for navigating complex interactions and rapidly evolving technologies. Teachers can build social-emotional engagement as a part of student empowerment by fostering a school or classroom culture of collaboration, where students work together in teams—both face-to-face and asynchronously using digital tools — and experiment with different modes of leadership. Students should also be given space to reflect on their innate tendencies and preferences when interacting with others, and to set goals for any changes or improvements they want to make.
• Self-direction  will be increasingly important as people navigate changes in technology, work and society, and is an empowering attribute educators should actively develop in their students. One key aspect of self-direction lies in an individual’s belief that their intelligence or abilities are not fixed but, in fact, can be improved through persistence and hard work (e.g., “growth mindset”). Educators should also bring transparency to the process of being self-directed, empowering students to plan, manage, check their work for quality and accuracy, and reflect on learning and ways for improvement. Bringing meta-awareness to these steps and the student’s own processes give students a toolkit for directing their own learning and other endeavors.
• C onstructive use of that feedback  empowers students to drive their learning. Not only does technology give teachers new ways of responding to student work and gathering performance data, but embedded feedback in various tools gives students immediate insight into their work. This embedded feedback includes everything from colored underlines indicating misspellings in word processing software to self-scoring online quizzes or barriers and losses in games. Crucially, educators should bring students’ attention to these built-in feedback mechanisms and support them in reflecting on that feedback and planning for how they will use it.
• Digital fluency  empowers students to thoughtfully, safely and effectively use the tools available. It includes being able to use a range of digital tools and then transfer that knowledge when exploring, using or troubleshooting new tools. It also includes savvy digital citizenship and self-awareness of how technology affects our lives in a range of ways — from ergonomics and addiction to digital footprints and tracking of individuals by tech companies and software, to sharing creative work and connecting with people around the world.

It’s a common misconception that tech will soon replace teachers. In contrast, ISTE believes strongly that the social complexity that comes with increasing technology and the opportunities to truly transform how we teach and learn make teachers and their work even more crucial in the digital age. Which is why we have recently partnered with Metiri Group to offer a  self-paced, research-based online course on the Empowered Learner . This and other ISTE resources are available to support teachers in their vital role preparing students to thrive in an uncertain future.

Sarah Stoeckl  is the senior manager of standards development at ISTE. Follow her on Twitter  @sarah_stoeckl .

This post originally appeared on the Partnership for 21st Century Learning website on March 9, 2017.

• artificial intelligence

IFIP Joint Working Conference on the Future of Digital Work: The Challenge of Inequality

IFIPJWC 2020: The Future of Digital Work: The Challenge of Inequality pp 165–179 Cite as

Power, Technology and Empowerment

A Case Study of Community Health Workers in India

• Priyanka Pandey 20 &
• Yingqin Zheng 20  
• Conference paper
• First Online: 03 December 2020

781 Accesses

1 Citations

Part of the book series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology ((IFIPAICT,volume 601))

This paper addresses the importance of using a power perspective to understand the social impact of technology in society. We use the Foucauldian concept of technologies-of-the-self to highlight the dialectical relationship between dominating structures of power and the individual capabilities of human actors, as mediated through technology, within a given context. This is done by studying the use of an mHealth intervention by health workers within a PHC (primary health care) centre in India. The study generates theoretical implications for understanding the processes of empowerment through technology within a developing country context.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution .

Buying options

• Available as PDF
• Read on any device
• Instant download
• Own it forever
• Available as EPUB and PDF
• Compact, lightweight edition
• Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
• Free shipping worldwide - see info
• Durable hardcover edition

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Agarwal, S., Perry, H., Long, L., Labrique, A.: Evidence on feasibility and effective use of mHealth strategies by frontline health workers in developing countries: systematic review. Tropical Med. Int. Health 20 , 1003–1014 (2015)

Article   Google Scholar  

Bloomfield, B.: Power, machines and social relations: delegating to information technology in the national health service. Organization 2 , 489–518 (1995)

Braun, R., Catalani, C., Wimbush, J., Israelski, D.: Community health workers and mobile technology: a systematic review of the literature. PLoS ONE 8 , e65772 (2013)

Carmichael, S., et al.: Use of mobile technology by frontline health workers to promote reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health and nutrition: a cluster randomized controlled Trial in Bihar, India. J. Glob. Health 9 , 0204249 (2019)

Google Scholar  

Chib, A., Lwin, M., Ang, J., Lin, H., Santoso, F.: Midwives and mobiles: using ICTs to improve healthcare in Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Asian J. Commun. 18 , 348–364 (2008)

Doolin, B.: Information technology as disciplinary technology: being critical in interpretive research on information systems. J. Inf. Technol. 13 , 301–311 (1998)

Fornet-betancourt, R., Becker, H., Gomez-Müller, A., Gauthier, J.: The ethic of care for the self as a practice of freedom. Phil. Soc. Criticism 12 , 112–131 (1987)

Glenton, C., Scheel, I., Pradhan, S., Lewin, S., Hodgins, S., Shrestha, V.: The female community health volunteer programme in Nepal: decision makers’ perceptions of volunteerism, payment and other incentives. Soc. Sci. Med. 70 , 1920–1927 (2010)

Gopalan, S., Mohanty, S., Das, A.: Assessing community health workers’ performance motivation: a mixed-methods approach on India’s Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) programme (2012)

Hampshire, K., et al.: Who bears the cost of ‘informal mhealth’? Health-workers’ mobile phone practices and associated political-moral economies of care in Ghana and Malawi. Health Policy Plan. 32 (1), 34–42 (2017)

Ilozumba, O., Dieleman, M., Kraamwinkel, N., Van Belle, S., Chaudoury, M., Broerse, J.: “I am not telling. The mobile is telling”: factors influencing the outcomes of a community health worker mHealth intervention in India. PLOS ONE 13 , e0194927 (2018)

Trust, K.: Karuna Trust Annual Report. Karuna Trust, Bangalore (2020)

Kelly, M.: Foucault, subjectivity, and technologies of the Self. In: Falzon, C., O’Leary, T., Sawicki, J. (eds.) A Companion to Foucault, pp. 510–525. Blackwell Publishing Limited (2013)

Kemp, P., Dreyfus, H., Rabinow, P., Foucault, M.: Michel Foucault. Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. History and Theory, vol. 23, p. 84 (1984)

Maes, K.: “Volunteers are not paid because they are priceless”: community health worker capacities and values in an aids treatment intervention in urban ethiopia. Med. Anthropol. Q. 29 , 97–115 (2014)

Markula, P.: The technologies of the self: sport, feminism, and foucault. Sociol. Sport J. 20 , 87–107 (2003)

Modi, D., et al.: Cluster randomized trial of a mHealth intervention “ImTeCHO” to improve delivery of proven maternal, neonatal, and child care interventions through community-based Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) by enhancing their motivation and strengthening supervision in tribal areas of Gujarat, India: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 18 (2017)

Mukherjee, A.: Understanding empowerment through technology driven power structures: Case from mother and child tracking system in India. In: International Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) 9.4, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Social Implications of Computers in Developing Countries, Negembo (2015)

Naik, P., Shilpa, D., Shewade, H., Sudarshan, H.: Assessing the implementation of a mobile App-based electronic health record: a mixed-method study from South India. J. Educ. Health Prom. 9 , 102 (2020)

Nimmagadda, S., et al.: Effects of an mHealth intervention for community health workers on maternal and child nutrition and health service delivery in India: protocol for a quasi-experimental mixed-methods evaluation. BMJ Open 9 , e025774 (2019)

Nyemba-Mudenda, M., Chigona, W.: mHealth outcomes for pregnant mothers in Malawi: a capability perspective. Inf. Technol. Dev. 24 , 245–278 (2017)

Orlikowski, W.: Using technology and constituting structures: a practice lens for studying technology in organizations. Organ. Sci. 11 , 404–428 (2000)

Patel, A., et al.: M‐SAKHI—mobile health solutions to help community providers promote maternal and infant nutrition and health using a community-based cluster randomized controlled trial in rural India: a study protocol. Maternal Child Nutr. 15 , e1285 (2019)

Prinja, S., Gupta, A., Bahuguna, P., Nimesh, R.: Cost analysis of implementing mHealth intervention for maternal, newborn & child health care through community health workers: assessment of ReMIND program in Uttar Pradesh, India. BMC Preg. Childbirth 18 , 390 (2018)

Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., McNaughton Nicholls, C., Ormston, R.: Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers. Sage Publications, London (2013)

Sahay, S.: Are we building a better world with ICTs? empirically examining this question in the domain of public health in India. Inf. Technol. Dev. 22 , 168–176 (2014)

Scott, K., George, A., Ved, R.: Taking stock of 10 years of published research on the ASHA programme: examining India’s national community health worker programme from a health systems perspective. Health Res. Policy Syst. 17 , 29 (2019)

Seshadri, T., Madegowda, C., Babu, G., Nuggehalli, S.P.: Implementation research with the soliga indigenous community in Southern India for local action on improving maternal health services. SSRN Electron. J. (2019)

SOCHARA: An external evaluative study of the State Health Resource Centre (SHRC) and the Mitanin Programme. Society for Community Health Awareness, Research and Action, Bangalore (2005)

Som, M.: Volunteerism to incentivisation: changing priorities of mitanins work in Chhattisgarh. Ind. J. Gend. Stud. 23 , 26–42 (2016)

Willcocks, L.: Foucault, power/knowledge, and information systems: reconstructing the present. In: Willcocks, L., Mingers, J. (eds.) Social Theory and Philo sophy for Information Systems, pp. 238–296. Wiley Publishing, Chichester (2004)

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK

Priyanka Pandey & Yingqin Zheng

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Priyanka Pandey .

Editor information

Editors and affiliations.

Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, Bangalore, India

Rajendra K. Bandi

Ramalingaswami Centre on Equity and Social Determinants of Health, Bangalore, India

Ranjini C. R.

University of Münster, Münster, Germany

Stefan Klein

London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK

Shirin Madon

Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Eric Monteiro

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing

About this paper

Cite this paper.

Pandey, P., Zheng, Y. (2020). Power, Technology and Empowerment. In: Bandi, R.K., C. R., R., Klein, S., Madon, S., Monteiro, E. (eds) The Future of Digital Work: The Challenge of Inequality. IFIPJWC 2020. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol 601. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64697-4_13

Download citation

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64697-4_13

Published : 03 December 2020

Publisher Name : Springer, Cham

Print ISBN : 978-3-030-64696-7

Online ISBN : 978-3-030-64697-4

eBook Packages : Computer Science Computer Science (R0)

Share this paper

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Societies and partnerships

• Find a journal
• Track your research

Feb 13, 2023

200-500 Word Example Essays about Technology

Got an essay assignment about technology check out these examples to inspire you.

Technology is a rapidly evolving field that has completely changed the way we live, work, and interact with one another. Technology has profoundly impacted our daily lives, from how we communicate with friends and family to how we access information and complete tasks. As a result, it's no surprise that technology is a popular topic for students writing essays.

But writing a technology essay can be challenging, especially for those needing more time or help with writer's block. This is where Jenni.ai comes in. Jenni.ai is an innovative AI tool explicitly designed for students who need help writing essays. With Jenni.ai, students can quickly and easily generate essays on various topics, including technology.

This blog post aims to provide readers with various example essays on technology, all generated by Jenni.ai. These essays will be a valuable resource for students looking for inspiration or guidance as they work on their essays. By reading through these example essays, students can better understand how technology can be approached and discussed in an essay.

Moreover, by signing up for a free trial with Jenni.ai, students can take advantage of this innovative tool and receive even more support as they work on their essays. Jenni.ai is designed to help students write essays faster and more efficiently, so they can focus on what truly matters – learning and growing as a student. Whether you're a student who is struggling with writer's block or simply looking for a convenient way to generate essays on a wide range of topics, Jenni.ai is the perfect solution.

The Impact of Technology on Society and Culture

Introduction:.

Technology has become an integral part of our daily lives and has dramatically impacted how we interact, communicate, and carry out various activities. Technological advancements have brought positive and negative changes to society and culture. In this article, we will explore the impact of technology on society and culture and how it has influenced different aspects of our lives.

Positive impact on communication:

Technology has dramatically improved communication and made it easier for people to connect from anywhere in the world. Social media platforms, instant messaging, and video conferencing have brought people closer, bridging geographical distances and cultural differences. This has made it easier for people to share information, exchange ideas, and collaborate on projects.

Positive impact on education:

Students and instructors now have access to a multitude of knowledge and resources because of the effect of technology on education . Students may now study at their speed and from any location thanks to online learning platforms, educational applications, and digital textbooks.

Negative impact on critical thinking and creativity:

Technological advancements have resulted in a reduction in critical thinking and creativity. With so much information at our fingertips, individuals have become more passive in their learning, relying on the internet for solutions rather than logic and inventiveness. As a result, independent thinking and problem-solving abilities have declined.

Positive impact on entertainment:

Technology has transformed how we access and consume entertainment. People may now access a wide range of entertainment alternatives from the comfort of their own homes thanks to streaming services, gaming platforms, and online content makers. The entertainment business has entered a new age of creativity and invention as a result of this.

Negative impact on attention span:

However, the continual bombardment of information and technological stimulation has also reduced attention span and the capacity to focus. People are easily distracted and need help focusing on a single activity for a long time. This has hampered productivity and the ability to accomplish duties.

The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies has been one of the most significant technological developments of the past several decades. These cutting-edge technologies have the potential to alter several sectors of society, including commerce, industry, healthcare, and entertainment. 

As with any new and quickly advancing technology, AI and ML ethics must be carefully studied. The usage of these technologies presents significant concerns around privacy, accountability, and command. As the use of AI and ML grows more ubiquitous, we must assess their possible influence on society and investigate the ethical issues that must be taken into account as these technologies continue to develop.

What are Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning?

Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence in machines designed to think and act like humans. Machine learning is a subfield of AI that enables computers to learn from data and improve their performance over time without being explicitly programmed.

The impact of AI and ML on Society

The use of AI and ML in various industries, such as healthcare, finance, and retail, has brought many benefits. For example, AI-powered medical diagnosis systems can identify diseases faster and more accurately than human doctors. However, there are also concerns about job displacement and the potential for AI to perpetuate societal biases.

The Ethical Considerations of AI and ML

A. Bias in AI algorithms

One of the critical ethical concerns about AI and ML is the potential for algorithms to perpetuate existing biases. This can occur if the data used to train these algorithms reflects the preferences of the people who created it. As a result, AI systems can perpetuate these biases and discriminate against certain groups of people.

B. Responsibility for AI-generated decisions

Another ethical concern is the responsibility for decisions made by AI systems. For example, who is responsible for the damage if a self-driving car causes an accident? The manufacturer of the vehicle, the software developer, or the AI algorithm itself?

C. The potential for misuse of AI and ML

AI and ML can also be used for malicious purposes, such as cyberattacks and misinformation. The need for more regulation and oversight in developing and using these technologies makes it difficult to prevent misuse.

The developments in AI and ML have given numerous benefits to humanity, but they also present significant ethical concerns that must be addressed. We must assess the repercussions of new technologies on society, implement methods to limit the associated dangers, and guarantee that they are utilized for the greater good. As AI and ML continue to play an ever-increasing role in our daily lives, we must engage in an open and frank discussion regarding their ethics.

The Future of Work And Automation

Rapid technological breakthroughs in recent years have brought about considerable changes in our way of life and work. Concerns regarding the influence of artificial intelligence and machine learning on the future of work and employment have increased alongside the development of these technologies. This article will examine the possible advantages and disadvantages of automation and its influence on the labor market, employees, and the economy.

The Advantages of Automation

Automation in the workplace offers various benefits, including higher efficiency and production, fewer mistakes, and enhanced precision. Automated processes may accomplish repetitive jobs quickly and precisely, allowing employees to concentrate on more complex and creative activities. Additionally, automation may save organizations money since it removes the need to pay for labor and minimizes the danger of workplace accidents.

The Potential Disadvantages of Automation

However, automation has significant disadvantages, including job loss and income stagnation. As robots and computers replace human labor in particular industries, there is a danger that many workers may lose their jobs, resulting in higher unemployment and more significant economic disparity. Moreover, if automation is not adequately regulated and managed, it might lead to stagnant wages and a deterioration in employees' standard of life.

The Future of Work and Automation

Despite these difficulties, automation will likely influence how labor is done. As a result, firms, employees, and governments must take early measures to solve possible issues and reap the rewards of automation. This might entail funding worker retraining programs, enhancing education and skill development, and implementing regulations that support equality and justice at work.

IV. The Need for Ethical Considerations

We must consider the ethical ramifications of automation and its effects on society as technology develops. The impact on employees and their rights, possible hazards to privacy and security, and the duty of corporations and governments to ensure that automation is utilized responsibly and ethically are all factors to be taken into account.

Conclusion:

To summarise, the future of employment and automation will most certainly be defined by a complex interaction of technological advances, economic trends, and cultural ideals. All stakeholders must work together to handle the problems and possibilities presented by automation and ensure that technology is employed to benefit society as a whole.

The Role of Technology in Education

Introduction.

Nearly every part of our lives has been transformed by technology, and education is no different. Today's students have greater access to knowledge, opportunities, and resources than ever before, and technology is becoming a more significant part of their educational experience. Technology is transforming how we think about education and creating new opportunities for learners of all ages, from online courses and virtual classrooms to instructional applications and augmented reality.

Technology's Benefits for Education

The capacity to tailor learning is one of technology's most significant benefits in education. Students may customize their education to meet their unique needs and interests since they can access online information and tools. 

For instance, people can enroll in online classes on topics they are interested in, get tailored feedback on their work, and engage in virtual discussions with peers and subject matter experts worldwide. As a result, pupils are better able to acquire and develop the abilities and information necessary for success.

Challenges and Concerns

Despite the numerous advantages of technology in education, there are also obstacles and considerations to consider. One issue is the growing reliance on technology and the possibility that pupils would become overly dependent on it. This might result in a lack of critical thinking and problem-solving abilities, as students may become passive learners who only follow instructions and rely on technology to complete their assignments.

Another obstacle is the digital divide between those who have access to technology and those who do not. This division can exacerbate the achievement gap between pupils and produce uneven educational and professional growth chances. To reduce these consequences, all students must have access to the technology and resources necessary for success.

In conclusion, technology is rapidly becoming an integral part of the classroom experience and has the potential to alter the way we learn radically. 

Technology can help students flourish and realize their full potential by giving them access to individualized instruction, tools, and opportunities. While the benefits of technology in the classroom are undeniable, it's crucial to be mindful of the risks and take precautions to guarantee that all kids have access to the tools they need to thrive.

The Influence of Technology On Personal Relationships And Communication 

Technological advancements have profoundly altered how individuals connect and exchange information. It has changed the world in many ways in only a few decades. Because of the rise of the internet and various social media sites, maintaining relationships with people from all walks of life is now simpler than ever. 

However, concerns about how these developments may affect interpersonal connections and dialogue are inevitable in an era of rapid technological growth. In this piece, we'll discuss how the prevalence of digital media has altered our interpersonal connections and the language we use to express ourselves.

Direct Effect on Direct Interaction:

The disruption of face-to-face communication is a particularly stark example of how technology has impacted human connections. The quality of interpersonal connections has suffered due to people's growing preference for digital over human communication. Technology has been demonstrated to reduce the usage of nonverbal signs such as facial expressions, tone of voice, and other indicators of emotional investment in the connection.

Positive Impact on Long-Distance Relationships:

Yet there are positives to be found as well. Long-distance relationships have also benefited from technological advancements. The development of technologies such as video conferencing, instant messaging, and social media has made it possible for individuals to keep in touch with distant loved ones. It has become simpler for individuals to stay in touch and feel connected despite geographical distance.

The Effects of Social Media on Personal Connections:

The widespread use of social media has had far-reaching consequences, especially on the quality of interpersonal interactions. Social media has positive and harmful effects on relationships since it allows people to keep in touch and share life's milestones.

Unfortunately, social media has made it all too easy to compare oneself to others, which may lead to emotions of jealousy and a general decline in confidence. Furthermore, social media might cause people to have inflated expectations of themselves and their relationships.

A Personal Perspective on the Intersection of Technology and Romance

Technological advancements have also altered physical touch and closeness. Virtual reality and other technologies have allowed people to feel physical contact and familiarity in a digital setting. This might be a promising breakthrough, but it has some potential downsides. 

Experts are concerned that people's growing dependence on technology for intimacy may lead to less time spent communicating face-to-face and less emphasis on physical contact, both of which are important for maintaining good relationships.

In conclusion, technological advancements have significantly affected the quality of interpersonal connections and the exchange of information. Even though technology has made it simpler to maintain personal relationships, it has chilled interpersonal interactions between people. 

Keeping tabs on how technology is changing our lives and making adjustments as necessary is essential as we move forward. Boundaries and prioritizing in-person conversation and physical touch in close relationships may help reduce the harm it causes.

The Security and Privacy Implications of Increased Technology Use and Data Collection

The fast development of technology over the past few decades has made its way into every aspect of our life. Technology has improved many facets of our life, from communication to commerce. However, significant privacy and security problems have emerged due to the broad adoption of technology. In this essay, we'll look at how the widespread use of technological solutions and the subsequent explosion in collected data affects our right to privacy and security.

Data Mining and Privacy Concerns

Risk of Cyber Attacks and Data Loss

The Widespread Use of Encryption and Other Safety Mechanisms

The Privacy and Security of the Future in a Globalized Information Age

Obtaining and Using Individual Information

The acquisition and use of private information is a significant cause for privacy alarm in the digital age. Data about their customers' online habits, interests, and personal information is a valuable commodity for many internet firms. Besides tailored advertising, this information may be used for other, less desirable things like identity theft or cyber assaults.

Moreover, many individuals need to be made aware of what data is being gathered from them or how it is being utilized because of the lack of transparency around gathering personal information. Privacy and data security have become increasingly contentious as a result.

Data breaches and other forms of cyber-attack pose a severe risk.

The risk of cyber assaults and data breaches is another big issue of worry. More people are using more devices, which means more opportunities for cybercriminals to steal private information like credit card numbers and other identifying data. This may cause monetary damages and harm one's reputation or identity.

Many high-profile data breaches have occurred in recent years, exposing the personal information of millions of individuals and raising serious concerns about the safety of this information. Companies and governments have responded to this problem by adopting new security methods like encryption and multi-factor authentication.

Many businesses now use encryption and other security measures to protect themselves from cybercriminals and data thieves. Encryption keeps sensitive information hidden by encoding it so that only those possessing the corresponding key can decipher it. This prevents private information like bank account numbers or social security numbers from falling into the wrong hands.

Firewalls, virus scanners, and two-factor authentication are all additional security precautions that may be used with encryption. While these safeguards do much to stave against cyber assaults, they are not entirely impregnable, and data breaches are still possible.

The Future of Privacy and Security in a Technologically Advanced World

There's little doubt that concerns about privacy and security will persist even as technology improves. There must be strict safeguards to secure people's private information as more and more of it is transferred and kept digitally. To achieve this goal, it may be necessary to implement novel technologies and heightened levels of protection and to revise the rules and regulations regulating the collection and storage of private information.

Individuals and businesses are understandably concerned about the security and privacy consequences of widespread technological use and data collecting. There are numerous obstacles to overcome in a society where technology plays an increasingly important role, from acquiring and using personal data to the risk of cyber-attacks and data breaches. Companies and governments must keep spending money on security measures and working to educate people about the significance of privacy and security if personal data is to remain safe.

In conclusion, technology has profoundly impacted virtually every aspect of our lives, including society and culture, ethics, work, education, personal relationships, and security and privacy. The rise of artificial intelligence and machine learning has presented new ethical considerations, while automation is transforming the future of work. 

In education, technology has revolutionized the way we learn and access information. At the same time, our dependence on technology has brought new challenges in terms of personal relationships, communication, security, and privacy.

Jenni.ai is an AI tool that can help students write essays easily and quickly. Whether you're looking, for example, for essays on any of these topics or are seeking assistance in writing your essay, Jenni.ai offers a convenient solution. Sign up for a free trial today and experience the benefits of AI-powered writing assistance for yourself.

Try Jenni for free today

Create your first piece of content with Jenni today and never look back

Have an account?

Empowerment Technology

10 questions

Introducing new   Paper mode

No student devices needed.   Know more

What do you call the rules about the proper and polite way to communicate with other people when you are using the Internet?

THINK before you CLICK

What do you call malicious software?

It is a program that runs in the background without you knowing it.

What do you call a program designed to send you advertisements, mostly as pop ups?

It is a malicious program that replicate itself.

What do you call malicious program that transfer from one computer to another?

What do you call a malicious program that disguise as a useful program but once downloaded or installed, leaves your PC unprotected?

It is a type of surveillance software that has the capability to record every keystroke you make to a log file, usually encrypted

What do you call an internet threats that unwanted email mostly from bots or advertisers. It can be used to send malware?

An internet threat that its goal is to acquire sensitive personal information like passwords and credit card details

Explore all questions with a free account

Continue with email

Continue with phone

Customer Reviews

Estelle Gallagher

Write an essay from varied domains with us!

Please, write my essay for me.

Congratulations, now you are the wittiest student in your classroom, the one who knows the trick of successful and effortless studying. The magical spell sounds like this: "Write my essay for me!" To make that spell work, you just need to contact us and place your order.

If you are not sure that ordering an essay writing service is a good idea, then have no doubts - this is an absolutely natural desire of every aspiring student. Troubles with homework are something all learners have to experience. Do you think that the best high-achievers of your class pick the essays from some essay tree? - They have to struggle with tasks as well as you do. By the way, the chances are that they are already our customers - this is one of the most obvious reasons for them to look that happy.

Some students are also worried that hiring professional writers and editors is something like an academic crime. In reality, it is not. Just make sure that you use the received papers smartly and never write your name on them. Use them in the same manner that you use books, journals, and encyclopedias for your papers. They can serve as samples, sources of ideas, and guidelines.

So, you have a writing assignment and a request, "Please, write my essay for me." We have a team of authors and editors with profound skills and knowledge in all fields of study, who know how to conduct research, collect data, analyze information, and express it in a clear way. Let's do it!

What's the minimum time you need to complete my order?

Finished Papers

Will You Write Me an Essay?

Students turn to us not only with the request, "Please, write my essay for me." From the moment we hear your call, homework is no longer an issue. You can count on our instant assistance with all essay writing stages. Just to let you know, our essay writers do all the work related to writing, starting with researching a topic and ending with formatting and editing the completed paper. We can help you choose the right topic, do in-depth research, choose the best up-to-date sources, and finally compose a brilliant piece to your instructions. Choose the formatting style for your paper (MLA, APA, Chicago/Turabian, or Harvard), and we will make all of your footnotes, running heads, and quotations shine.

Our professional essay writer can help you with any type of assignment, whether it is an essay, research paper, term paper, biography, dissertation, review, course work, or any other kind of writing. Besides, there is an option to get help with your homework assignments. We help complete tasks on Biology, Chemistry, Engineering, Geography, Maths, Physics, and other disciplines. Our authors produce all types of papers for all degree levels.

Is my essay writer skilled enough for my draft?

Can i pay after you write my essay for me.

Emilie Nilsson

How does this work

Finished Papers

Customer Reviews

Finished Papers

Definitely! It's not a matter of "yes you can", but a matter of "yes, you should". Chatting with professional paper writers through a one-on-one encrypted chat allows them to express their views on how the assignment should turn out and share their feedback. Be on the same page with your writer!

Jalan Zamrud Raya Ruko Permata Puri 1 Blok L1 No. 10, Kecamatan Cimanggis, Kota Depok, Jawa Barat 16452

Customer Reviews

What is the best custom essay writing service?

In the modern world, there is no problem finding a person who will write an essay for a student tired of studying. But you must understand that individuals do not guarantee you the quality of work and good writing. They can steal your money at any time and disappear from sight.

The best service of professional essay writing companies is that the staff give you guarantees that you will receive the text at the specified time at a reasonable cost. You have the right to make the necessary adjustments and monitor the progress of the task at all levels.

Clients are not forced to pay for work immediately; money is transferred to a bank card only after receiving a document.

The services guarantee the uniqueness of scientific work, because the employees have special education and are well versed in the topics of work. They do not need to turn to third-party sites for help. All files are checked for plagiarism so that your professors cannot make claims. Nobody divulges personal information and cooperation between the customer and the contractor remains secret.

Student Feedback on Our Paper Writers

Emilie Nilsson