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130+ Hospitality Research Topics: Great Ideas

A research paper is mandatory for all students to graduate from a course, including hospitality courses. Research in the hospitality industry can be easy if you have the right topic. So, one of the first things you should prioritize before starting your hospitality research is finding an excellent topic.

Great Hospitality Industry Research Topics

Argumentative essay topics for research in hospitality industry, creative hospitality management research topics, social media research topic about hospitality industry, excellent research title about hospitality management, tourism and hospitality research topics for stem, sustainability research topics for tourism and hospitality, amazing research title about hospitality industry, top hotel and restaurant management thesis topics in the philippines, research topics in hospitality management for social students, research topic for hospitality management for economy students, outstanding research title for hospitality management students, leading thesis title for hospitality management.

A good topic for research in hospitality will serve as the foundation for your paper. It will also attract readers and trigger interest in your paper. Are you looking for a research title in the hospitality industry that guarantees a top grade? Check out the following examples in this article:

Research topics on the hospitality industry should focus on the key and hot topics faced in the sector. Here is a list of research titles for hotel and restaurant management:

The origin and meaning of the word hospitality
How different cultures view hospitality
An in-depth look into the impacts of the COVID pandemic on the hospitality sector
Hospitality and tourism: what is the link?
Hospitality and hotel management: a comprehensive analysis
The role of hospitality in the tourism sector
Essential elements of the hospitality sector
A strategic analysis of the hospitality sector in your country
Etiquette in the hospitality sector
Hospitality industry wages: what is fair?

An argumentative essay topic should state your opinion on a subject so you can argue it in the essay. Some argumentative essay topics on the hospitality industry are:

Travel bans triggered by the COVID pandemic negatively impacted the hospitality sector
The impacts of global trends on the hospitality sector
Hospitality ethics: an in-depth analysis
The relationship between a host and guest about hospitality
The contributions of the hospitality sector to global economic growth
Sustainability as a global trend in the hospitality sector
The development of sustainability in the hospitality sector
Challenges encountered by the hospitality sector in the 21 st century
Technology as a tool for change in the hospitality sector
Hospitality in Christian and Islam culture

Creativity is a vital element when choosing a research topic. It will make your essay stand out and attract readers. Here are some great examples of research topics about hospitality management and their reasons:

Qualities of an effective hotel manager
How customer service can influence the quality of hotel management
Full-service vs. limited-service hotels: the difference in their hotel management
How large hotels conduct revenue management
Hotel management in European nations
How can hotel management impact an establishment’s success?
Financial accounting is a critical part of hotel management
Hotel management: a comprehensive overview
The impact of the internet on hotel management
The role of hotel management on guest satisfaction rates

You should always find social media research topics for your hospitality research paper. Check out the following hospitality research topics:

The impact of social media on the hospitality sector
How companies in the hospitality sector take advantage of the power of the internet
The social media influencer trend and its impact on the hospitality sector
How hospitality practitioners use the internet to enhance their services
Hospitality training and the internet
Technology as a tool for hospitality training
The role of the internet in hospitality diversification
Social media and its impact on hospitality diversification
Strategic ways for hospitality companies to take advantage of technology and the internet
Social media and hospitality: the correlation

An excellent research title can play a vital role in earning good grades. Find a sample of a thesis statement about social media and more titles about hospitality management below:

What is the role of a hotel manager
Types of hotel managers in large establishments
Core issues in the hospitality management sector
Salary expectations for hotel managers
The core roles of facility managers in the hospitality sector
Hospitality as a virtue independent of the hospitality sector
Factors that prevent hospitality managers from providing effective services
Hotel marketing management: a comprehensive assessment
Hotel revenue management: a comprehensive assessment
Hotel management in your country

Tourism and hospitality often go hand in hand. So, you can cover the two elements in your research paper if you have an ideal topic that brings these concepts together. Check out the following research topics for STEM students :

The tourism and hospitality sector after the coronavirus pandemic
The long-term effects of travel bans on the tourism and hospitality sector
What is the way forward for the tourism and hospitality sector after the pandemic?
Online tourism: an in-depth analysis
Advances in the tourism and hospitality sector
Social advancing and tourism management: a comprehensive overview
Medical tourism: an analysis
Impacts of social media on the tourism and hospitality sector
Impacts of government regulations on the tourism and hospitality sector
The impacts of natural hazards on the tourism and hospitality sector

Sustainability research topics are critical for all tourism and hospitality students. Find research topics and ideas for tourism students related to sustainability below:

Sustainability in the tourism sector
Tourism sustainability: perspectives of guests and practitioners
Sustainable tourism as a tool for heritage and culture preservation
A study of sustainable tourism in mountainous destinations
The practice of sustainable tourism in island destinations
Challenges encountered in sustainable tourism
The impacts of sustainable tourism on the digital world
Sustainable tourism efforts for disaster prevention
The impacts of the pandemic on sustainable tourism
How is sustainable tourism measured?

A creative research title will show your reader what to expect from the rest of your paper. It creates a good first impression. Find a good thesis title or professional thesis writer about the hospitality industry below:

Tourism marketing and sustainable tourism: an in-depth study
Hospitality and tourism in emerging economies
The correlation between ecotourism and sustainable tourism
The impacts of politics in the hospitality sector
An evaluation of local tourism and hospitality sectors
The profitability of the hospitality sector
How governments can improve their hospitality sectors
The effect of local communities on the hospitality and tourism sector
Sustainability is a critical trend in the hospitality sector
A comparative analysis of the hospitality sector in the US and Europe

Hotel and restaurant management are significant topics in the Philippines. So, writing a good essay on these topics can come in handy for your academic performance. Find a good research title about hotel and restaurant management below:

Hotel and restaurant management ethics in the Philippines
Hotel and restaurant management laws in the Philippines
Why should hotels invest in restaurants?
The concept of perverse hospitality in the Philippines
Hotel and restaurant management salaries in the Philippines
The role of the Philippino government in hotel and restaurant management policies
Strict hotel and restaurant management policies in the Philippines
Smoking bans in hotels in the Philippines
Fair wages in the hotel and restaurant management sector in the Philippines
The concept of hospitality in Philippino hotel and restaurant management

Students studying social sciences can write research papers on hospitality management because these subjects are related. Find a research topic about hospitality management that covers social issues below. All social issues research topics are actionable.

Hospitality training for hotel workers
Flight attendants and hospitality: an overview
How to conduct hospitality training for flight attendants
How hotel managers can maximize profits in the hospitality sectors
Challenges experienced in hospitality management
Barriers to success in hospitality management
The value of the hospitality sector for the global economy
Hospitality management and augmented reality: an in-depth overview
Safety precautions in hospitality management since the CORONA pandemic
How local governments depend on the hospitality sector

The hospitality management sector and the economy industry often influence each other. So, you can write a paper that explains their link. Here are some economic research paper topics in hospitality management:

How hospitality economics impact overall country economics
How the hospitality sector can improve their profits
Challenges hindering the hospitality sector from growth
Hospitality laws and profitability: the correlation
The best ways the hospitality market can improve their finance management
Finance management in hospitality: an overview
Personalization as a tool for promoting growth in the hospitality sector
Countries that benefit the most from the hospitality sector
Inbound tourism: its impact on the global economy
Tourism and hospitality as tools for economic growth

Hospitality management is a popular course; all students must complete a research paper to graduate. So, you ought to be creative with your paper, especially the title, so it does not look like anyone else’s. Let us look at some excellent hospitality management thesis topics:

The best tourist attractions
Tourism management perceptions according to various cultures
Diverse views of hospitality management
Can hospitality management be taught?
An in-depth look at ways hospitality management can be trained
Hospitality management training for restaurant workers
Key elements in hotel management
How hotel management can influence its customer satisfaction rates
How many managers should a hotel have
Management and hospitality: a comprehensive guide

The hospitality management sector is prone to many changes. So you can easily find a current topic for your research paper. As you check out the hospitality thesis topics highlighted below, take some time to read about anatomy research paper topics .

How competitive is the hospitality management sector?
Causes of the high turnover in the hospitality sector
Strategies that guide management organizations in the hospitality
Hospitality management in Australia
How the hospitality sector does employee management
Basic training elements for hospitality management
What type of training do hospitality management practitioners go through?
The value of hospitality management
Changes in hospitality management brought about by the internet
How online reviews influence the hospitality management sector

Choosing the right topic is the first step to writing a good research or thesis paper in hospitality management. However, many students struggle to prepare quality research papers. If you are one of such students, worry not because we have got you covered.

You can trust us with your research paper writing needs. Our writers will help you create a paper that matches your quality topic to earn you excellent grades. Contact our writers today and get your quality research paper in no time. Feel free to read more on biochemistry topics .

Hospitality and Tourism Management Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2023 2023.

Platform of Growth: An Analysis of Earnings and Social Media Engagement Among Esports Athletes , Colleen Marie Dibble

Capturing Visuals in Hospitality: A Multi-Dimensional Exploration of Photographs in Interdisciplinary Research , Ningqiao Li

Employee Experience in the U.S. Casual Dining Restaurant Industry: Conceptualization, Scale Development, and Effects on Employees’ Retention , Xiao Ma

Effects of AI Voice Assistants’ Messages on Pro-environmnetal Consumer Behavior: Message Content and Voice Attributes , Somang Min

An Examination of Celebrity Product Involvement and Endorsement Effectiveness , Eric Nichols

Southeastern Conference (SEC) International Student-Athlete (ISA) Career Transitions - A Cultural Intelligence (CQ) Perspective , Tsu-Lin Yeh

The Impact of Interactivity on Information Processing for Virtual Tourist Destinations , Hongxiao Yu

Decoding Trustworthiness and Helpfulness of Online Reviews In Hospitality: A Reader-Centric Perspective , Xiaonan Zhang

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

Customer Touchpoint: Conceptualization, Index Development, and Nomological Validation , Hyunsu Kim

“No Tits in the Pits!”: An Exploratory Analysis of the Experiences of Female Decision Makers in Motorsports in the United States , Alexia Pedo Lopes

Affective Risk Perceptions Toward Travel in a COVID Era: Policy and State Political Influences , Chloe Riley

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

“The Lifeblood of College Sports”: The NCAA’s Dominant Institutional Logic and the Byproducts of an (Over)emphasis on Recruiting , Chris Corr

Customers’ Acceptance of Automated Hotel , Jianhong Feng

Effects of Information Exposure, Emotions, and Self-Efficacy On Risk Perception and Travel Intention During the COVID-19 Pandemic , Chunsheng Jin

Positioning Customer Service Through Customer Journey Mapping in Service Consumption and Recovery , Dan Jin

Does the Tendency of Loss Aversion Depend On The Level of Competition? Evidence From Multilevel Esports Tournaments , Zeqing Mao

The Impact of Social Media Account Types on Travel Intention , Nuri Seo

Technology Experience: Measurement Development and Validation , Hyejo Hailey Shin

Why Do Tourists Accept Lodging Through Accommodation Sharing Platforms? Model Development and Model Comparison , Ge Zhu

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

The Downside of National Team Identity: A Model to Measure Negative Outcomes of Team Identity , Fei Gao

Newcomer Student-Athlete Perceptions of Coaches’ Socialization Strategies: Scale Development , Evelyn Su Jara-Pazmino

Comparing the Success of Official Sponsors and Ambush Marketers: An Event Study Analysis of Brazil Following the 2014 Fifa World Cup and 2016 Rio de Janeiro Summer Olympic Games , Timothy Koba

The Impact of Hotel Service Robot Appearance and Service Attributes on Customer Experience , Chuhan Thomsen

The Economic Impact of Tennis in South Carolina , Xue Zhang

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

The Importance of Twitter to Destination Marketing Organizations , Tatiana Allgeyer

Finding the Perfect Match: Dimension Analysis and Development of the External Sponsorship Congruence Scale , Kelly Evans

Premium Seating in College Athletics: Trends of Today and the Future , Kendra Holaday

“WE NEED DAWGS!”: Narrative Construction of Athletic Identity Among Black High School Football Players , Victor Dion Kidd

Measuring Long-Term Advertising Effects in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry , Rui Qi

Selling Rooms and Making Money in the Lodging Industry: Analyzing the Effects of RevPAR and GOPPAR Together , Thomas Rogers

Investigating Managerial Priority of Environmental Inputs and Outputs in Public Assembly Venues , Walker Ross

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

College Students and Corporate Social Responsibility: An Examination of Corporate-Social Responsible Behavior in College Athletics From the Students’ Perspective , R. Jacob Gilbert

An Analysis Of Perceptions Of Restaurant Authenticity At Food Tourism Destinations In The Southeastern U.S , Jamie A. Levitt

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Motivation To Play Esports: Case of League of Legends , Yaoyao Sun

Theme Park Demand, Theme Park Attractiveness, and Visitors’ Theme Park Choices , Yingsha Zhang

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

An Examination Of Destination Choice Behavior Using Meme Maps, Images and Decision Making Styles , Hilmi Atahan Atadil

Memorable Dining Experiences: Formative Index And Model Development , Yang Cao

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

The Influence of Warmth and Competence Perceptions on Employees’ Attitudinal and Behavioral Responses in Casual Dining Restaurants , Diego Riva Humbert Bufquin

Media Effect on Resident Attitude Toward Hosting the Olympic Games: A Cross-National Study Between China and the USA , Qiulin Lu

Self-Determination Theory and Wellness Tourism: How Do Wellness Facilities Contribute to Wellbeing? , Karen I. Thal

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

Understanding Destination Choice from a Cultural Distance Perspective , Hongbo Liu

Revisiting Gender Constraints and Benefits in Leisure Tourism: Man-Up, It’s Time to Travel Like a Woman , Holly L. Rabin

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

Responding to Tripadvisor: How Hotel Responses to Negative Online Reviews Effect Hotel Image, Intent to Stay, and Intent to Return , Tiffany Avant

An Analysis of The Possibilities of Applying The North American Management Model to Most Large-Scale Sports Facilities in China , XI LI

Examining Long-Haul Chinese Outbound Tourists' Shopping Intentions , Pei Zhang

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

Is the Current United States Tennis Association's Adult League System Restrictive? , Edward Horne

Manager Training In the Hotel Environment and Its Effect On Employee Turnover Intentions , Kristin Marie Malek

Theses/Dissertations from 2011 2011

Examining Japanese tourists' U.S.-Bound Travel Constraints , Lin He

Theses/Dissertations from 2010 2010

Hotel Guests' Intentions to Choose Green Hotels , Amy Elizabeth Jackson

Green Inside and Out: Case Study On Green Events In Large Public Assembly Facilities , Peyton Jeter

Theses/Dissertations from 2009 2009

Motivations and Constraints of Chinese Outbound tourists: A Case Study , Chengting Lai

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Tourism and Hospitality Dissertation Topics

Published by Grace Graffin at January 10th, 2023 , Revised On May 17, 2024

Introduction

As a tourism student, you will be required to study the basics of tourism, hospitality, and event management. Some important issues surrounding tourism include but are not limited to medicine, finance, culture, geography, and more.

We understand that choosing the right dissertation topic can be a bit overwhelming for you. Therefore, our writers have provided a comprehensive list of topics for the tourism dissertation. These topics are recent, relevant, and exploratory enough for you to conduct a comprehensive research study.

We can even customise topics according to your needs. So, go through our list of dissertation topics, choose the one that interests you, and let us know if you would like any help from our writers.

Check our dissertation example to get an idea of how to structure your dissertation .

You can review step by step guide on how to write your dissertation here.

Latest Tourism Research Topics

Investigating how the tourism industry has taken green and sustainable measures- a case study of uk.

Research Aim: This study will investigate the various aspects of the UK tourism industry geared towards making green and sustainable measures for environmental benefits. It will also look into the consumer’s perspective towards green tourism and its positive and negative impacts on the tourism industry and the tourists. It also helps you better understand the concept of a green environment and its influence on the tourism industry.

Environmental Management Systems and their Implementation in the UK- A Systematic Review.

Research Aim: This study will explore the quality of environmental management systems, environmental performance, improvements, and implementation in the UK. We will focus on different companies with high environmental impacts and how they have improved the environment and the use of environmental management systems (EMS). This study will also look into how it has changed or influenced the hospitality industry.

Investigating the impact of Social Media Recommendations on Hotel Booking in the UK.

Research Aim: Social media is a part of every aspect of our daily life. This research will investigate the influence of social media on tourism and specifically on choosing a hotel; it will also help you evaluate if consumers perceive social media-based recommendations differently than more traditional sources of internet-based marketing. Qualitative research will be used in this, followed by thematic analysis to find the role of social media in recommendations and influencing consumers’ searches. This will help us better understand how VR makes decisions and hotel bookings.

Assessing the Impact of Virtual Reality on Tourism.

Research Aim: Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology in tourism. This study will find the impact of virtual reality on the tourism industry. It will also investigate consumer behaviour towards it. We will better understand how VR has affected the tourism industry and significantly influenced the results. TAM research model will be developed to describe the nature of the 3D virtual world. It will also cover some psychological aspects to understand the consumer perspective.

Role of Social Media Marketing in deciding a Travel Destination- A Systematic Review.

Research Aim: This study investigates the role of social media marketing in deciding a travel destination. This study aims to find and understand how social media can achieve marketing objectives. Taking a quantitative approach, we will find the role of social media marketing and its effect on making travel choices through interviews and surveys. It will further explore the tourist’s perception, expectations, and experiences.

Investigating the Negative Impact of Travel Bans

Research Aim: This study explores the negative effects of travel bans on social, economic, cultural, and public health aspects. The study aims to analyse the repercussions of travel restrictions to inform policymaking. It will further investigate ways to avoid adverse consequences while promoting global mobility and cooperation.

An Exploration of the Hospitality Industry Wages

Research Aim: To investigate the wage structures in the hospitality industry. This study explores factors influencing disparities and evaluates their implications. Insights will be provided on wage fairness, workplace satisfaction, gender discrimination, and industry competitiveness. It will also cover policies and practices to improve employee well-being and organisational performance.

Effects of Covid-19 on Tourism and Hospitality Dissertation Topics

Topic 1: tourism after coronavirus pandemic - way forward for tourism and hospitality industry in the uk or any other country of your choice.

Research Aim: Tourism is a reason for most of the human mobility in the modern world. According to the World Tourism Organisation (2020), international tourism has indicated continuous growth for the tenth consecutive year, reporting 1.5 billion international tourist arrivals in 2019 and an estimated 1.8 billion international tourist arrivals by 2030 )people are forecasted to be. This particular research will focus on the effects of the Covid-19 outbreak on the tourism and hospitality industry in the United Kingdom or any other country of your choice.

Topic 2: Investigating the Long Term Effects of Prolonged and New Travel Restrictions on the UK Tourism Industry

Research Aim: Britain will require anyone entering the country to self-quarantine for two weeks, and other European countries are pondering similar measures, but the prospects of prolonged and even new travel restrictions are destroying what hopes the continent’s airlines and tourist industry have been harbouring of at least a partial coronavirus rebound. Can the tourism sector of the UK overcome these challenges?

Topic 3: Coronavirus: Dubai Tourism Insists Emirate's Hotel Sector is Healthy, Rejects Bloomberg Report but Is It Really the Case?

Research Aim: Dubai’s Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing (Dubai Tourism) has denied a Bloomberg report about the emirate’s hospitality businesses adversely affected by the coronavirus pandemic. This research will employ primary research methodology to gather data from the key stakeholders of the Emirates hotel industry to assess whether or not the ongoing COVID-19 crisis is causing panic and financial damage to the hotel industry.

Topic 4: Will Easing the Travel Restrictions Benefit the UK Tourism Sector in the Short Term?

Research Aim: Many European countries, including the UK, are easing lockdown measures, including tourist destinations preparing for the summer. Cafes and restaurants in London and other cities hardest hit by the virus in the UK have opened two weeks behind the rest of the country. However, with most travellers preferring to stay home in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, how effective are these measures going to be?

Topic 5: Coronavirus outbreak: Caribbean Tourism Struggles as Visitors Stay Home

Research Aim: In the Caribbean, the government plans to require all visitors to undergo rapid Covid-19 testing upon entry. They hope provisions such as virus tests for all industry workers and socially distanced resort dining will make people feel comfortable travelling. This research study will explore whether the measures taken by the Caribbean government will actually encourage the visitors to leave the comfort of their home and travel in the midst of the Covid-19 Crisis.

Ecotourism and Community Participation Dissertation Topics

Topic 1: online tourism agents and websites.

Research Aim: This research aims to study online tourism websites and travelling agents

Topic 2: Advances in Tourism and Hospitality Post-pandemic

Research Aim: This research aims to assess the advances in Tourism and Hospitality post-pandemic

Topic 3: Impacts of Social Distancing on Tourism Managements

Research Aim: This research aims to study the impacts of social distancing on tourism managements

Topic 4: Advances in Hotel Management Post-pandemic

Research Aim: This research aims to assess advances in Hotel management post-pandemic

Topic 5: The Linguistic Roots of the Word “Hospitality” across Different Languages

Research Aim: This research investigates the linguistic roots of the word hospitality across different languages and the semantic shifts over time.

Topic 6: The Relationship Between the Host and the Guest

Research Aim: This research explores the relationship between the host and the guest and how both need to act under laws and regulations.

Economic Conditions and Local Tourism Dissertation Topics

Topic 1: factors impacting destination selection for medical tourism.

Research Aim: Medical tourism is a growing trend. An increasing number of people travel to another country, seeking medical treatment which is expensive or unavailable on their own. Various factors impact the destination selection process for medical treatment purposes. The destination can be local or international. With limited evidence on the factors that impact destination selection for medical tourism, there is a need for a comprehensive study exploring these factors in detail.

Topic 2: Impact of Low budget Airline Services on Boosting International Tourism in Europe: A Case Study of Ryanair.

Research Aim: With increasing costs of air travelling, the demand for low-budget airline services is on the rise. Ryanair is one of the leading low-budget airline services based in the UK. Its cheap air tickets attract many regular travellers. Given this, the main aim of this research will be to explore whether or not low-budget airlines are actually helping to increase international tourism in Europe or not. This research will be conducted based on quantitative data which will be collected from a sample of Ryanair international tourism travellers.

Topic 3: Eco-friendly Practices and Their Effect on Hotel Selection Decision: A Case Study of UK Hospitality Industry.

Research Aim: Various technologies can be implemented to achieve eco-friendliness, such as; internet of things, automation technology, bamboo industrialisation, and sustainable building construction. On the other hand, eco-friendly practices include; water and energy conservation, renewable energy use, waste recycling and management, alternative plastic products, and more. Many hotels in the UK install solar panels and automated systems, which generate renewable energy and ensure complete automation for lights and water. It is worth evaluating how eco-friendly technologies and practices affect the hotel selection decision of guests in the UK hospitality industry.

Topic 4: How Economic Conditions of a Country Impact its Local Tourism: Identifying the Economic Factors Influencing the Tourism Sector.

Research Aim: Economic factors have a great impact on tourism. When a country is economically strong, it spends a great deal on tourism development. On the other hand, tourism could be adversely affected if a country is struggling with its finances. This research aims to investigate and critically analyse the economic factors which tend to affect the tourism sector of a country. The study will also weigh the economic upsides and downsides of these factors concerning local tourism.

Topic 5: Assessing the Impact of Social Media Platforms on Tourism Destination Selection.

Research Aim: These days, social media websites play a tremendous role for tourists in destination selection. The experiences and reviews that people share on online social platforms have a huge impact on making or breaking the future of any tourist destination. This research will analyze the role of different social media platforms in choosing tourism destinations among tourists. This research will also shed light on the rationale and factors people rely on social media to select their tourism destination.

Topic 6: Assessing the Impact of Government Rules, Regulations, and Policies on Tourism Development: A Case Study of Developing Countries.

Research Aim: The tourism sector of any country is greatly looked after by governmental and regulatory bodies. This research will analyze the role played by such bodies from the perspective of policymaking and regulation implementation. The study will also explore how the impact of policymaking and government regulations in developed countries might be different from that of developing countries.

Topic 7: Analysing the Impact of Natural Hazaresearch will measure the customer satisfaction of British lesbians after they have undergone gender reassignment at the Yanhee International Hospital in Bangkok.

Research Aim: Natural hazards can have a disastrous effect on the tourism industry of any country. The UK is one of the countries where the tourism industry has experienced huge success. Thus, this research will be carried out to analyze the impact of such hazards on the UK’s tourism sector.

Topic 8: Assessing the Factors and Preferences Impacting Tourist's Decisions to Travel to a Dark Tourism Site.

Research Aim: As a result of a shift in preferences of tourists and an urge to explore and learn, dark tourism has gained immense popularity and success in recent times. This research will explore the factors and reasons why tourists choose dark places as their tourism destination.

Topic 9: The Impact of Travel Bloggers and vloggers on the Tourism Industry.

Research Aim: Travel bloggers and vloggers are an important part of the tourism industry now. These people travel the world, document their experiences through their writing or videos, and influence people. Tourists throughout the world now depend on their reviews and choose their travel destinations accordingly. This research will aim to explore how these influencers have completely changed the tourism industry.

Educational Tourism Dissertation Topics

Tourism has gained tremendous popularity among academicians and researchers in recent times. Educational tourism primarily takes into consideration technical competencies and new knowledge gained outside the classroom environment.

Educational tourism brings to light the idea of travelling to learn about the cultures of other nations. Exchange student programmes are perhaps the most commonly employed educational tourism strategy, allowing students to learn about the culture of the host nation through research work and travel. Possible areas of research in this field of tourism for your dissertation are provided below;

Topic 1: Educational Tourism Programmes and the Popularity of Host Nations

Research Aim: This research will discuss the educational exchange programmes in detail and will also assess how educational tourism can add to the appeal of the host nations for prospective tourists.

Topic 2: Factors Affecting the Decision of British Students to Join International Student Exchange Programmes.

Research Aim: Even though student exchange programmes are popular throughout the world, there are certain countries where they are practised the most. This research will study one such country, the UK, concerning the factors that encourage British students to join international exchange programmes.

Topic 3: Factors Contributing Towards the Success of Work & Study Programmes in the UK

Research Aim: This research will analyse the factors that contribute towards the success of study programmes in the UK, i.e. benefits of studying in the UK and the attractiveness of the UK as a place to live and study.

Topic 4: To Analyse the Satisfaction of International Students Enrolled in Student Exchange Programmes in the UK

Research Aim: This research will cover an important topic, i.e., measure the satisfaction of international students enrolled in exchange programs in the UK – the same topic can be used for any other country such as the USA or Canada.

Topic 5: To Investigate Potential Marketing and Communication Tools to Promote “any country” as the Best Place to Pursue Higher Education.

Research Aim: This research will investigate and conclude the most successful marketing and communication tools that are used to promote exchange programmes in a particular country. The topic can be customised according to the country of your choice.

Topic 6: What are the factors Influencing British Students’ Decision to Join Academic Year Exchange Programme in Japan?

Research Aim: Japan is one of the most popular destinations when it comes to student exchange programmes. This research will assess the factors that influence a British student’s decision to go to Japan to pursue education.

Topic 7: To Examine the Popularity of Student Exchange Programmes Offered by Chinese-speaking Countries.

Research Aim: This research will explore the reasons for the popularity of student exchange programmes in countries where Chinese is the official language such as Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, etc.

Topic 8: To Investigate the Attitude and Perception of British Students toward Summer Camps.

Research Aim: Summer camps are extremely popular in the west. This research will explore the perceptions of British students towards summer camps and what motivates them to attend them.

Topic 9: Factors Affecting the Decision of University Students to Pursue a Placement Programme in the US?

Research Aim: This research will aim to understand the rationale of university students’ decisions to pursue placement programmes in the US,

Topic 10: To Examine the Satisfaction of University Students Returning from Cultural Exchange Programmes in the US.

Research Aim: This research will aim to understand the satisfaction of university students who are on their way back from exchange programmes in the US.

Medical Tourism Dissertation Topics

Medical tourism is a new area of study in the tourism industry. The gap in the prices of medical facilities available in developing and developed countries is significant, propelling many patients to travel to far destinations to benefit from economic, medical services.

Similarly, many financially well-off patients decide to have medical treatment in foreign countries with advanced and established medical systems that provide state-of-the-art medical facilities unavailable in their home countries.

Although there may be insufficient secondary data to analyse this tourism sub-topic, researching this area will prove to be interesting. You can choose your medical tourism dissertation topics from this list.

Topic 1: Investigating the Reasons Why British Citizens Travel to Different Countries for their Dental Procedures

Research Aim: This research will identify and discuss in detail the reasons why British citizens travel to different countries for dental treatment.

Topic 2: The efficacy of marketing and communication tools employed by Thai plastic surgery and extreme makeover service providers – An investigation into the attitude and perception of British travellers.

Research Aim: A large number of British citizens travel to Thailand for cosmetic and plastic surgeries. This research will aim to understand the attitudes and perceptions of British travellers who opt for these surgeries in a foreign country. The research will also assess the marketing and communication tools employed by Thai medical service providers.

Topic 3: To Identify and Discuss Critical Marketing Strategies to Promote a Weight Loss Centre in the UK.

Research Aim: This research will talk about the marketing strategies that are undertaken in the UK to promote weight loss centres.

Topic 4: Measuring Customer satisfaction of British Lesbians After Having Sex Reassignment at Yanhee International Hospital, Bangkok

Research Aim: This research will measure the customer satisfaction of British lesbians after they have undergone gender reassignment at the Yanhee International Hospital in Bangkok.

Topic 5: To Examine the Factors Influencing the Decisions of British Women to Buy Body Contour Tour Packages in East Asia.

Research Aim: This study will analyze the factors that influence the decision-making of British women when burying body contour tour packages in East Asia.

Topic 6: To Investigate the Extent to Which Swiss Weight Control Tour Packages Have Influenced Women in the UK.

Research Aim: This research will focus on the decision-making detriments of British Women who opt to purchase weight control tour packages in Switzerland.

Topic 7: How Young British Females Perceive Facial Lifting package Tours in East Asia?

Research Aim: This study will analyze how young British females perceive facial lifting package tours in East Asia.

Topic 8: To Understand and Discuss the Factors Affecting Buying Decisions to Benefit from Extreme Makeover Tour Packages in Eastern Europe.

Research Aim: This research will critically explore the factors that influence the buying decision of customers who purchase extreme makeover packages from Eastern Europe.

Topic 9: How Attractive are the Plastic Surgery Makeover Services to Female British Customers – A Qualitative Study

Research Aim: This research will understand and analyze the attractiveness of plastic surgery makeover services that influence British females to purchase them. The research will be descriptive in nature.

Topic 10: How Homosexual Men Choose Medical Tour Packages for Sex Reassignment.

Research Aim: This study will investigate gender reassignment tour packages that interest homosexual men and the factors influencing their decision-making process.

Tourism Management Dissertation Topics

Tourism management is perhaps the most interesting area of the tourism industry. It mainly involves travelling for the purpose of leisure and recreation. People travelling to other countries and outside their usual environment with the intent of leisure can be classified as tourists.

It should be noted that the phenomenon of tourism has grown tremendously in recent years, thanks to the impact of globalisation. There are many countries such as Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Maldives, and Fiji, whose largest source of income is tourism. In these countries, tourism generates huge revenue for the government and also provides employment opportunities for the working class as well as businesses.

The suggestions below can help you to narrow your research for your tourism dissertation.

Topic 1: How British Tourists Perceive Chinese World Heritage Tour – A Qualitative Study

Research Aim: This research will focus on how British tourists perceive Chinese heritage and what compels them to visit China.

Topic 2: Exploring the Factors that Make London the Most Popular Destination for Christmas Shopping

Research Aim: This research will analyse and explore the various factors that promote London as one of the most attractive destinations for Christmas shopping.

Topic 3: Investigating the Underlying Factors that British Citizens Consider when Choosing a Destination for Their Winter Holidays.

Research Aim: This research will analyse the various factors that British citizens consider and evaluate when choosing a destination for their winter vacations.

Topic 4: An Analysis of Factors Affecting Employees’ Motivation in Luxury Hotels of Dubai.

Research Aim: This research will study the factors influencing employee motivation in luxury and five-star hotels in Dubai. The study will make use of secondary data and primary research to establish the exact factors that motivate employees to work for luxury hotels in Dubai.

Topic 5: How the Tourism Industry of Thailand Responded to the Tsunami.

Research Aim: This study will dive into the past to establish how the Thai tourism industry responded to Tsunami.

Visit our topics database to view 100s of dissertation topics in your research area.

Topic 6: Factors Influencing British Customers’ Decisions of Purchasing Egypt Tour Packages.

Research Aim: This research will explore the factors that British citizens consider when planning their holiday to Egypt.

Topic 7: Attitude and Perception of British Tourists Toward Thailand as a Winter Holiday Destination

Research Aim: This study will research why the British choose Thailand as their winter holiday destination.

Topic 8: The Increasing Popularity of Cruise Travel in South Africa Among British Tourists

Research Aim: This research will consider the reasons why South African cruise is extremely popular amongst British tourists.

Topic 9: To Investigate the Efficacy of Integrated Marketing Communication Tools to Restore the Image of Amsterdam as the Best Tourist Destination in Europe

Research Aim: This research will explore the marketing and communication tools utilized to market Amsterdam as the best tourism destination in Europe.

Topic 10: Factors Influencing British Customers’ Decision to Choose a Particular Destination During the Summer/winter Holiday

Research Aim: This research will discuss all the factors that influence British citizens to choose a destination for their summer or winter holidays. This topic can be customized according to a country of your choosing.

Hospitality Dissertation Topics

Hospitality industry consists of casinos, resorts, restaurants, hotels, catering as well as other businesses that serve the tourists. At its core hospitality can be defined as the relationship between a guest and the hotel.

Other aspects of hospitality include but are not limited to liberality, friendliness, warm welcome, entertainment, goodwill, and reception. Modern-day businesses pride themselves on their acts of hospitality. Thus, it is an extremely interesting sub-topic to base your dissertation on. Some topics in this area of tourism are suggested below.

Topic 1: Examining How Popular Travel Agents Such as eBrooker and Opodo are Perceived by British Tourists

Research Aim: This research will evaluate some of the best and most popular travel agents such as Opodo and eBookers and how they assist British tourists with their destination planning.

Topic 2: Identifying the Factors that Influence Leisure Hotel Buying Decisions of British Customers

Research Aim: This research will identify the factors that influence British customers’ decision to opt for luxury hotels.

Topic 3: Identifying Features of a leisure hotel that attract British honeymoon couples

Research Aim: This research will identify features of a luxury hotel that attract British couples looking for a honeymoon location.

Topic 4: Investigating Hospitality Practices of Popular Leisure Hotels in Dubai

Research Aim: This study will investigate hospitality purchases of attractive luxury hotels in Dubai.

Topic 5: What are the Prime Factors Influencing Restaurant Selection Decisions of Young British Couples?

Research Aim: This research will explore the factors that influence British couples to select restaurants for their time out.

Topic 6: Investigating and Reviewing Strategies Employed by Hotel Restaurants and Pubs in London to Keep Their Employees Motivated

Research Aim: This research will study an important aspect of the tourism industry, i.e., how hotel restaurants and pubs in London keep their employees motivated.

Topic 7: Exploring the Relationship Between Culture and Leisure Hotel Buying Decisions in London.

Research Aim: This research will investigate the relationship between how customers in London choose a luxury hotel based on their culture.

Topic 8: Creating Brand Sales and Recognition Using Integrated Marketing Communication Tools.

Research Aim: This research will explore how brand sales and recognition are built using various marketing and communication tools.

Topic 9: Understanding the Relationship Between Customers’ Buying Decisions and Leisure Hotel Hospitality Features within the Context of Overseas Holidays

Research Aim: This research will explore the relationship between customers’ decision to choose a luxury hotel while visiting different countries.

Topic 10: The Impact of Hospitality Companies’ Brand Image on Tourists’ Buying Decisions.

Research Aim: This research will first talk about different hospitality companies and how their brand image impacts tourists’ buying decisions.

Black Tourism Dissertation Topics

Black tourism, also known as dark tourism and grief tourism, involves travelling to historical sites/places associated with death, casualties, and suffering.

Dark or black tourist sites such as battlefields, monuments, castles, Tsunami sites, and Ground Zero are man-made or natural. They are found commonly in Scotland, South Asia, China, and Eastern Europe.

Dark tourism may not be the ideal choice for many students. However, it is an exciting topic to explore. Possible research topics under this field of tourism are listed below:

Topic 1: How Local Communities Can Benefit Commercially and Socially from Tours to Death/Casualty Sites – A Qualitative Study

Research Aim: This research will explore the various benefits that local communities can experience from touring death or casualty sites.

Topic 2: Attitude and Perception of Tourists Towards Taj Mahal in India

Research Aim: Taj Mahal can be categorised as a dark tourism site because many people consider it a mausoleum. This research will discuss the attitude and perceptions of tourists when visiting the Taj Mahal.

Topic 3: To Investigate and Identify the Factors Influencing Tourists’ Decisions to Visit gGrief Sites in the UK

Research Aim: This research will explore the factors that influence the decisions of tourists to visit grief sites in the UK.

Topic 4: Is Mercat Tour in Scotland a Grief Tourism Site for Potential Tourists?

Research Aim: Mercat Tour in Scotland is considered a ghost site. This study will explore what makes this site a dark tourism destination.

Topic 5: Developing a Highly Effective Marketing Strategy to Promote London Dungeon Among the Tourists

Research Aim: This research will understand the various marketing strategies undertaken to promote the London Dungeon amongst tourists.

Topic 6: What are the Primary Factors Influencing British Tourists’ Decision to Choose Grief Sites?

Research Aim: This research will understand the various factors that influence British tourists’ decision to select a dark tourism site.

Topic 7: Developing a Marketing Strategy to Promote Beaumaris Prison in Wales as Another Black Tourism Site in Britain

Research Aim: This research will focus on developing a successful marketing strategy that will help promote Beaumaris Prison in Wales as a black tourism site in Britain.

Topic 8: How are Man-made Grief tourism Sites are Perceived by British Tourists?

Research Aim: This research will discover how British tourists perceive man-made dark tourism destinations.

Comparing the Man-made Black Tourism Sites with the Natural Disaster Grief Sites from the Perspective of Tourists

Research Aim: This research will compare manmade and natural dark tourism destinations with a focus on tourists’ perceptions.

Topic 10: Do the Local Communities Economically Benefit from Tourists Visiting Dark Tourism Sites?

Research Aim: This research will explore whether or not local communities are impacted in any way when dark tourist sites in their locality are visited.

Sustainability and Tourism Dissertation Topics

At its core, this field of tourism primarily focuses on the way tourists can live harmoniously with the planet earth. Ecotourist sites or sustainable tourist sites are those that promote fauna and flora and cultural heritage. Another objective of eco-tourism is to provide social and economic opportunities to local communities. Some interesting topics worth exploring, in this area, are suggested below:

Topic 1: Investigating the Impact of the Internet on the Growth of Eco-tourism in the UK

Research Aim: This research will study the impact of the internet on the rising eco-tourism trend in the UK.

Topic 2: Factors Affecting British Customers’ Decision of Choosing an Eco-tourism

Research Aim: This research will study the reason why British tourists opt for an eco-tourism site as compared to traditional destinations.

Topic 3: Establishing and Discussing Strategies to Promote Swansea as the Best Eco-tourist Spot in the UK

Research Aim: This research will discuss the various ways through which Swansea can be promoted as the best eco-tourist spot in the UK.

Topic 4: Analysing the Role of Price in the Selection of Eco-tourism Destinations

Research Aim: This research will understand the various factors that influence the tourists’ decision to choose an eco-friendly site for their next holiday destination.

Topic 5: Examining the Use of Integrated Marketing Communication Tools to Promote Eco-tourism in Great Britain

Research Aim: This research will study and analyze the different ways through which integrated marketing communication tools should be used to promote eco-tourism in the UK.

Topic 6: Comparing Developing World Eco-tourism Sites Against Western Eco-tourism Sites

Research Aim: This study will compare developing eco-tourism sites and developed or Western eco-tourism sites. The study will conclude which sites tourists prefer and what factors lead them to their decision.

Topic 7: Does Eco-tourism Develop Social and Economic Opportunities for Local Communities?

Research Aim: This research will explore whether or not eco-tourism helps develop social and economic opportunities in the local communities. If it does, the study will explore those factors as well.

Topic 8: Exploring the Factors Affecting the Buying Decisions of Customers Interested in Eco-tourism Sites

Research Aim: This research will identify and discuss the various factors that affect the buying decision of customers who are interested in eco-tourism sites. These factors will then be explored in detail in this study.

Topic 9: Analysis of the Potential of Edinburgh as an Eco-tourism Site in the UK

Research Aim: This research will compare manmade and natural dark tourism destinations and will also include tourists’ perceptions.

Topic 10: Assessing the Impact of Grass Root level Education in Promoting Sustainable Tourism in Europe – A Review of the Literature

Research Aim: This research will discuss the impact of grass root level education to promote sustainable tourism in Europe. The study will be based on the qualitative research method.

Important Notes:

As a tourism and hospitality student looking to get good grades, it is essential to develop new ideas and experiment with existing tourism and hospitality theories – i.e., to add value and interest to your research topic.

The field of tourism and hospitality is vast and interrelated with many other academic disciplines like civil engineering, construction, law, engineering management, healthcare, mental health, artificial intelligence, physiotherapy, sociology, management, marketing, and nursing . That is why it is imperative to create a project management dissertation topic that is particular and sound and actually solves a practical problem that may be rampant in the field.

We can’t stress how important it is to develop a logical research topic; it is the basis of your entire research. There are several significant downfalls to getting your topic wrong: your supervisor may not be interested in working on it, the topic has no academic creditability, the research may not make logical sense, and there is a possibility that the study is not viable.

This impacts your time and efforts in writing your dissertation as you may end up in a cycle of rejection at the very initial stage of the dissertation. That is why we recommend reviewing existing research to develop a topic, taking advice from your supervisor, and even asking for help in this particular stage of your dissertation.

While developing a research topic, keeping our advice in mind will allow you to pick one of the best tourism and hospitality dissertation topics that fulfil your requirement of writing a research paper and add to the body of knowledge.

Therefore, it is recommended that when finalizing your dissertation topic, you read recently published literature to identify gaps in the research that you may help fill.

Remember- dissertation topics need to be unique, solve an identified problem, be logical, and be practically implemented. Please take a look at some of our sample tourism and hospitality dissertation topics to get an idea for your dissertation.

How to Structure Your Tourism and Hospitality Dissertation

A well-structured dissertation can help students to achieve a high overall academic grade.

A Title Page
Acknowledgements
Declaration
Abstract: A summary of the research completed
Table of Contents
Introduction : This chapter includes the project rationale, research background, key research aims and objectives, and the research problems to be addressed. An outline of the structure of a dissertation can also be added to this chapter.
Literature Review: This chapter presents relevant theories and frameworks by analyzing published and unpublished literature available on the chosen research topic in light of the research questions to be addressed. The purpose is to highlight and discuss the relative weaknesses and strengths of the selected research area while identifying any research gaps. A breakdown of the topic and key terms can have a positive impact on your dissertation and your tutor.
Methodology: The data collection and analysis methods and techniques employed by the researcher are presented in the Methodology chapter, which usually includes research design, research philosophy, research limitations, code of conduct, ethical consideration, data collection methods, and data analysis strategy .
Findings and Analysis: The findings of the research are analysed in detail under the Findings and Analysis chapter. All key findings/results are outlined in this chapter without interpreting the data or drawing any conclusions. It can be useful to include graphs , charts, and tables in this chapter to identify meaningful trends and relationships.
Discussion and Conclusion: The researcher presents his interpretation of results in this chapter and states whether the research hypothesis has been verified or not. An essential aspect of this section is to establish the link between the results and evidence from the literature. Recommendations with regard to the implications of the findings and directions for the future may also be provided. Finally, a summary of the overall research, along with final judgments, opinions, and comments, must be included in the form of suggestions for improvement.
References: Make sure to complete this in accordance with your University’s requirements
Bibliography
Appendices: Any additional information, diagrams, graphs that were used to complete the dissertation but not part of the dissertation should be included in the Appendices chapter. Essentially, the purpose is to expand the information/data.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How to find dissertation topics about tourism and hospitality.

To find tourism and hospitality dissertation topics:

Examine industry trends and challenges.
Explore cultural, environmental, or tech impacts.
Research niche areas like ecotourism or event management.
Analyse customer behaviour and satisfaction.
Consider sustainable practices.
Select a topic aligning with your passion and career aspirations.

What is the best research topic for tourism?

There is no one best topic, but here is a trending topic. “The Impact of Virtual Reality Technology on Tourist Experience and Destination Promotion: A Comparative Analysis.” This research topic explores how VR technology affects tourist perceptions, engagement, and decision-making and its implications for destination marketing strategies, comparing traditional methods with VR-based approaches in tourism promotion.

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101 tourism and hospitality dissertation topics and titles.

Dissertation

Choosing the right dissertation topic in the field of tourism and hospitality can be a daunting task. Your dissertation represents a significant milestone in your academic journey, so it’s essential to select a topic that not only interests you but also contributes to the field’s knowledge. To help you get started, we’ve compiled a list of 101 dissertation topics and titles in tourism and hospitality. Let’s explore a wide range of possibilities to inspire your research.

Sustainable Tourism:

“Assessing the Environmental Impact of Eco-Tourism in Remote Areas.”
“Promoting Sustainable Tourism in National Parks: A Case Study.”
“The Role of Local Communities in Sustainable Tourism Development.”
“Evaluating the Effectiveness of Green Certification Programs in the Hotel Industry.”
“The Influence of Climate Change on Tourism Patterns and Adaptation Strategies.”

Cultural and Heritage Tourism:

“Heritage Tourism’s Role in Cultural Preservation and Economic Development.”
“The Impact of Cultural Festivals on Destination Attractiveness.”
“Dark Tourism: Exploring the Motivations and Impacts of Visiting Sites of Tragedy.”
“Reviving Cultural Tourism through Digital Storytelling and Augmented Reality.”
“Cultural Appropriation and Its Effects on Indigenous Tourism.”

Hospitality and Hotel Management:

“Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in Luxury Hotels.”
“The Role of Technology in Enhancing Guest Experiences in the Hospitality Industry.”
“The Challenges of Managing a Multigenerational Workforce in the Hotel Sector.”
“The Impact of the Sharing Economy on Traditional Hotels.”
“Sustainable Practices in Hotel Management: A Comparative Study.”

Destination Marketing:

“The Role of Social Media in Destination Marketing and Visitor Engagement.”
“Crisis Management in Destination Marketing: A Comparative Analysis.”
“Branding a Destination: Strategies and Challenges.”
“The Impact of Film Tourism on Destination Popularity.”
“Emerging Trends in Destination Marketing: Leveraging Virtual Reality and Gamification.”

Tourism and Technology:

“The Influence of Augmented Reality on Museum Visitor Experiences.”
“Blockchain Technology in Tourism: Opportunities and Challenges.”
“The Use of Big Data Analytics in Predicting Tourist Behavior.”
“The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Personalizing Travel Recommendations.”
“Online Travel Agencies vs. Traditional Travel Agents: A Comparative Analysis.”

Cruise Tourism:

“Cruise Tourism and Its Economic Impact on Port Cities.”
“Sustainability Practices in the Cruise Industry: Case Studies.”
“Cruise Ship Safety and Emergency Preparedness: Lessons from Incidents.”
“The Growth of Expedition Cruising and Its Impact on Ecotourism.”
“Cruise Itinerary Planning and Destination Development.”

Culinary and Food Tourism:

“Food Tourism and Destination Branding: The Case of Culinary Capitals.”
“Gastronomic Tourism: Trends, Motivations, and Impacts on Local Economies.”
“Culinary Tourism and Sustainability: Reducing Food Waste in Restaurants.”
“The Role of Food Blogs and Social Media in Shaping Food Tourism.”
“Authenticity in Food Tourism Experiences: A Cross-Cultural Perspective.”

Wellness Tourism:

“The Market Potential of Medical Tourism: A Case Study of Destination.”
“Spa Tourism and Its Impact on Mental and Physical Well-Being.”
“Yoga and Wellness Retreats: Motivations and Experiences of Participants.”
“Mindful Travel: The Convergence of Tourism and Wellness.”
“Holistic Approaches in Wellness Tourism Management.”

Event Management:

“Sport Tourism and Mega Events: Economic Impacts and Legacy Planning.”
“Music Festivals and Destination Attractiveness: A Comparative Analysis.”
“Sustainability Practices in Event Management: Best Practices and Challenges.”
“The Role of Sponsorship in the Success of Sporting Events.”
“Crisis Management in Event Tourism: Case Studies and Strategies.”

Accessibility and Inclusivity:

“Accessible Tourism for People with Disabilities: Challenges and Solutions.”
“LGBTQ+ Tourism: Inclusivity and Marketing Strategies.”
“Senior Tourism: Tailoring Services to the Aging Population.”
“The Role of Cultural Competence in Ethnic Tourism.”
“Accessible Tourism: Improving Infrastructure and Services.”

Rural and Nature Tourism:

“Rural Tourism and Sustainable Development in Agriculture-Based Communities.”
“Adventure Tourism and Its Influence on Environmental Conservation.”
“Birdwatching Tourism: A Growing Niche Market.”
“Agritourism: Connecting Visitors to the Farming Experience.”
“Eco-Friendly Accommodations and Their Role in Nature Tourism.”

Marketing Strategies:

“The Impact of Social Media Influencers on Travel Decisions.”
“Dynamic Pricing in the Airline Industry: A Comparative Analysis.”
“The Role of Storytelling in Tourism Marketing Campaigns.”
“The Influence of Online Reviews on Tourist Decision-Making.”
“Emerging Markets and Their Impact on Tourism Marketing.”

Cross-Cultural Studies:

“Tourist Perceptions of Safety: A Comparative Study of Global Destinations.”
“Cross-Cultural Tourist Behavior: A Comparison of Asian and Western Travelers.”
“Cultural Sensitivity in Hospitality: A Multinational Perspective.”
“The Role of Tour Guides in Facilitating Cross-Cultural Experiences.”
“Language Barriers and Their Impact on Tourist Satisfaction.”

Education and Training in Tourism:

“The Effectiveness of Tourism Education in Preparing Graduates for the Industry.”
“Tourism Training and its Impact on Service Quality in Hotels.”
“The Role of Internships in Shaping Tourism Students’ Career Choices.”
“E-Learning in Tourism: Benefits and Challenges for Aspiring Professionals.”
“Soft Skills Development in Tourism Education: A Comparative Analysis.”

Ethical and Social Issues:

“Child Exploitation in Tourism: Preventive Measures and Case Studies.”
“Volunteer Tourism: Balancing Good Intentions and Ethical Concerns.”
“Human Rights Violations in the Hospitality Industry: Implications for Brands.”
“Tourism and Indigenous Rights: Case Studies and Impacts.”
“The Role of Gender in Tourism Employment and Leadership.”

Technology and Innovation:

“Smart Destinations: Leveraging Technology for Sustainable Tourism.”
“Robotic Assistance in the Hospitality Sector: Enhancing Guest Experiences.”
“Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in Tourism: Changing the Game.”
“The Adoption of 5G Technology in Transforming Tourist Experiences.”
“Drones in Tourism: Applications, Regulations, and Ethical Considerations.”

Economic and Policy Issues:

“Tourism’s Role in Economic Development and Poverty Alleviation.”
“Government Policies and Their Impact on Tourism Development.”
“Crisis Resilience in the Tourism Industry: Strategies and Case Studies.”
“The Role of Tourism in Post-Conflict Recovery: A Comparative Analysis.”
“Tourism Taxation: Economic Implications and Tourist Behavior.”

Psychology and Tourist Behavior:

“Tourist Motivation and Satisfaction: A Psychological Perspective.”
“The Influence of Destination Image on Travel Decision-Making.”
“Tourist Experience and the Role of Emotions: A Cross-Cultural Study.”
“Consumer Behavior in Package Tours vs. Independent Travel.”
“Nostalgia Tourism: Exploring the Role of Memory in Travel.”

Management and Leadership:

“Leadership Styles in the Tourism Industry: A Comparative Study.”
“Innovative Management Practices in Boutique Hotels.”
“Conflict Resolution in Multinational Tourism Companies.”
“Succession Planning in Family-Owned Tourism Businesses.”
“Human Resource Management in Cruise Lines: Challenges and Strategies.”

Health and Wellness Tourism:

“The Wellness Tourism Experience: A Holistic Approach to Well-Being.”
“The Impact of Medical Tourism on Destination Health Services.”
“Mindful Tourism: Promoting Mental Health and Stress Reduction.”
“Wellness Retreats: The Intersection of Tourism and Self-Care.”
“Sustainable Practices in Health and Wellness Tourism.”
“Food Tourism and Destination Branding: Strategies and Success Stories.”

Conclusion:

Selecting a dissertation topic in the field of tourism and hospitality is a significant decision. Take your time to explore these options, narrow down your interests, and conduct thorough research before finalizing your topic. Your dissertation will not only contribute to academic knowledge but also have the potential to influence real-world practices in the dynamic and ever-evolving field of tourism and hospitality. Good luck with your research journey!

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Hospitality and Tourism Dissertation Topics

It can be challenging as final year post-graduate students to find good hospitality and tourism dissertation topics. Good Dissertation topics answer a burning question based on the area of study and where the author feels ‘driven’ to explore it further. It is imperative the proposal provides a clear chart of the question asked, why it is relevant to your field of study, a conceptual outline, known academic sources and what your strategy of research is in detail. To find and develop good Hospitality and Tourism dissertation topics, students must first know and identify their question, whether there are available sources and tools of discipline and their ability to carry out the research. Current issues about particular subjects should be embedded in dissertation topics to make them interesting and up-to-date. This article gives guidance to students seeking to develop good hospitality, travel and tourism dissertation topics. Topics that could be used for your Travel and Tourism dissertation cover subjects such as travel, Ecotourism, Dark tourism, Inbound and Outbound tourism and Domestic tourism.

Ecotourism Dissertation Topics

Dark tourism dissertation topics, hospitality dissertation topics, tourism management dissertation topics, medical tourism dissertation topics, educational tourism dissertation topics.

Ecotourism or Ecological Tourism became a travel concept in the late 1980s when globally there was increasing environmental awareness and people were wishing to visit natural locations rather than man-made tourist destinations; this form of tourism grabs the attention of those interested in ecological and social concerns. Ecotourism is defined as travel to undisturbed destinations where the tourist is educated about the area and physical landscape; cultural heritage and characteristics are the main attractions and provides opportunities to help support local communities or fund economic development and conservation of sites or cultural traditions. In general, ecotourism focuses on the way tourists can live harmoniously with the planet. Topics that could be discussed within your tourism dissertation include:

Perception and attitude toward ecotourism in Scotland among British tourists.
How to develop Edinburgh as an ecotourism destination?
Factors affecting ecotourism in 2018?
Does ecotourism economically benefit local communities?
Is ecotourism in developing countries better than in the Western world?
Examining the benefits of integrated marketing communication to ecotourism in the UK?
Is price the main influence for ecotourism destinations among British customers?
Does Swansea have potential in becoming the new ecotourism destination of the UK?
Do British customers prefer international ecotourism rather than British ecotourism?
Examining the implications of the Internet on the growth of ecotourism
What can be done to help the fragile ecosystems of the Hawaiian Islands’ endangered plant and animal species?
Why is Ecotourism a growing trend and will become the top travel tourism in 2018 according to The Times UK?
How has Ecotourism affected consumer buying behaviour globally?

Dark tourism is also known as grief tourism or black tourism. Dark tourism involves travelling to sites associated with suffering, death and atrocities such as castles and battlefields such as Culloden in Scotland, Auschwitz, nuclear disaster zones and genocide memorials. Dark tourists seek to and understand the causes behind these events and reflect on the nature of humans involved. Possible areas to research for your tourism dissertation include:

Does visiting a site of suffering and death socially and commercially benefit local communities?
Perception and attitude of tourists towards the Jack the Ripper site.
Dark tourism factors affecting consumer buying in the UK.
How to use marketing communication tools to promote infamous dark tourism sites in the UK?
Perception and attitude of foreign tourists toward Edinburgh Dungeon.
Are purpose built dark tourism sites more interesting than natural disaster or man-made black tourism sites?
Perception and attitude of British customers towards man-made dark tourism sites: The case study of Ground Zero.
How to promote Beaumaris Prison in Anglesey, Wales, as a new dark tourism site in the UK.
Factors affecting British customers when choosing dark tourism sites in foreign countries.
How to develop a marketing plan for London Dungeon.
How to make Mercat Tour in Scotland a dark tourism site.
Can Dark tourism be used as an educational tool to develop positive emotions in tourists?
Dark Tourism, understanding the inspiration and impulse.
Dark tourism focuses mainly on the victims affected, what is the relevance of focusing on the perpetrators instead, and how might this impact tourists differently?

Generally, hospitality refers to jobs in the hospitality industry, such as hotels and resorts, restaurants, catering and casinos alongside any hospitality positions that deal with tourists. Hospitality involves the relationship process between the hotel and a guest. It also involves the act of being hospitable, such as guest reception and entertainment with friendliness, goodwill and liberality. Hospitality is also known as the act of giving care and kind-heartedness to whomever is in need. Hospitality is important to modern day businesses, and one of the following topics could make for a good tourism dissertation:

Why do customers choose leisure hotels when they plan overseas holidays?
Perception and attitude of British customers toward the Hilton Hotel in London.
Does the brand of leisure hotel matter when British customers choose accommodation?
Buying Decisions and how it affects leisure tourism with regards to British customers.
Examining the implications of the Internet towards online travel agents: The case study of Lastminute.com
Investigating expectations of budget hotels: The case study of Holiday Inn Express.
Does brand extension in hotel chains affect buying decisions of customers?
Does brand influence the buying decision making of pubs and restaurants in the UK?
Perception and attitude of British customers toward food ordering via the internet through Pizza Hut.
How can small catering firms utilise integrated marketing communication to create brand recognition and sales?
Do cultural nuances between British and French customers influence buying decisions for leisure hotels?
How to motivate employees in pubs and restaurants in London?
Perception and attitude towards Thai food among British customers.
Factors affecting restaurant selections on a Friday night out.
Factors affecting leisure tourists’ ‘buying decision making’ choices among British honeymoon couples.
Examining perception and attitude of British customers towards two online travel agents: Opodo.com and eBooker.com.
How have technology and more millennials travelling impacted the Hospitality Industry for Hotels?
With more people travelling solo, what has the hospitality industry done to accommodate and attract more visitors?
How will the upcoming Royal wedding of 2018 have positive impacts on the Hospitality Industry?

Tourism management is the discipline that deals with the generalised management along with entrepreneurial, specialised and practical skills and competencies required for effective and efficient outcomes for recreation and leisure travel. Tourism is the fastest growing industry globally that has direct and indirect implications on economic, social and political indicators. In order to maximise the advantages and minimise the disadvantages from tourism development, the discipline has also included the perspectives of social sustainability and policy makers. Traditionally, the countries that have natural comparative advantage were seen as the focal point of the tourism industry, however the economic relationship of the industry has led the countries lacking such comparative advantage to use their history, heritage, culture, festivals and mega-events to promote and develop tourism. Topic suggestions below could help you narrow your research for your tourism dissertation.

What are the key antecedents shaping domestic and overseas tourism preferences of British tourists?
Development of decision making framework of British tourists in selecting tourist destinations during the summer holidays.
Perception and attitude of millennials toward cruise holidays.
Explicit or implicit factors affecting European city break package tours among British customers.
Critical analysis of “I Amsterdam” city branding campaign to improve the negative image of Amsterdam.
Perception and attitude towards Bangkok as a winter holiday destination among British tourists.
Role of global terrorism in shaping the image of tourism destinations – Case study of Egypt and Tunisia.
The implications of the Tsunami on the tourism industry in Phuket, Thailand.
Role of strategic human resource management in developing sustainable competitive advantage in contemporary budget hotel chains.
What makes South East Asia an attractive tourist destination during winter for British customers?
The Role of London Olympics in enhancing the scope of tourism to the city.
Perception and attitude toward Beijing’s world heritage tour among British tourists.
Use of sporting events to develop tourism branding – Analysis of Qatar with regards to the FIFA World Cup.
What are the disadvantages of tourism development and how can policy makers minimise them?

Critical evaluation of summer festivals in the UK as a source of domestic tourism development.

The difference in cost of medical procedures in different countries combined with the lower cost of travel has led to the development of medical tourism. The price dynamics of medical procedures in developed economies is developed under stringent regulatory and legal frameworks, which is coupled with higher cost of living in these economies, therefore resulting in significantly higher costs in comparison with emerging and developing economies. This high cost differential is combined with deteriorating cost of international travel, which has resulted in the emergence of medical tourism. There may not be much literature to research in this area, but it may be an interesting area to research and discuss for your tourism dissertation.

Perception and attitude toward extreme plastic surgery makeovers in South Asia among female British customers.
Emergence of Poland as medical tourism destination.
Evaluating the perception of British men towards hair transplant package tours in Turkey.
Switzerland – a destination for spa and wellness breaks or weight loss package tours.
How British females make buying decisions to purchase body contour tour packages in Malaysia.
Measuring the satisfaction of British customers after having weight lost massage and spa treatments in India.
Sex reassignment as medical tourism brand for Bangkok – Case study of Yanhee International Hospital, Bangkok.
How to promote the Slimming Up Centre as a brand for weight control in London.
Perception and attitude of British customers toward plastic surgery holidays and extreme makeovers in Thailand.
How British customers choose medical tourism destinations for dental tour packages.
India as an emerging medical tourism destination for surrogate births.
Macro and micro business environment factors contributing to success of Eastern European countries as becoming successful medical tourism destinations.
The impact of medical tourism on local health systems – Critical analysis of Thailand

Educational tourism involves attracting students, scholars and academics to a destination due to the perception of quality education, practical skills and career development. Although the main focus of educational tourism is to gain quality education, it also enriches cultural diversity and can shift the perceptions of individuals. A good example of this is exchange student programmes and gap year travel programmes. Educational tourism can take many shapes and forms including formal and informal educational and learning trips. Areas for research for your tourism dissertation include the following:

Perception and attitude of international students towards work and study in the UK.
How young British students choose cultural exchange programmes in the US.
Does a gap year improve skills and competencies – Evaluating employability of British students after a gap year exchange student programme in Spain.
Factors affecting the decision of young British students to take part in a one academic year student exchange programme in France.
What are the decision making factors used by undergraduate British students in deciding on a Placement Program in developed and developing economies.
Perception and attitude of university students towards volunteer summer camps in South Africa.
Effectiveness in developing soft skills as a result of cultural exchange programmes.
Emergence of China as an alternative source of international academics.
Factors influencing British students to take an academic year student exchange programme in Japan.
Critical evaluation of integrated marketing use by the British Council to attract international students.
Factors influencing international students to choose the UK as their preferred higher education destination.
How British students make the decision to join international educational tourism programmes.
Does the popularity of the country have an impact on decisions to join an educational tourism program?
Economic impact of foreign students on university towns in the UK – Case of Durham
How the relationship of the UK with Commonwealth countries have resulted in the growth of the British education sector?

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Hospitality Theses & Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2020 2020.

Exploring Mystery Shopping's Perceived Impacts on Integrated Resort Employees and Managers , Yoonju Chung

An Examination of the Role of Online Reviews for Niche Restaurant Segments: Casino Buffet Restaurants , Tevfik Demirciftci

Prosocial Rule-Breaking to Help Customers Among Hospitality Employees , Ankita Ghosh

Exploring the Airline Passengers’ Preferences of Inflight Foods , Eun Min Hwang

How Consumers Assess Multiple Cues: The Role of Dual Processing System on Hotel Booking Decisions , Eun Joo Kim

Consumers, Critics & Chromatography: An Analysis of 100-Point Wines , Gina Marano

Shattering the Glass: Will Gen Z Bring Us Closer to Gender Equality in US Hospitality Leadership? , Denise Holly Ramirez Molintas

A Nomological Network Analysis of Innovation in Hospitality Education and Industry , Robert H. Rippee

The Short and Long-Term Effectiveness of Online Sales Promotion Type and Fit in Hotels , Esra Topcuoglu

Organizational Symbolism and Employee Immersion, a Mixed Methods Investigation of Organizational Socialization Efficacy in the Hotel Industry , Jeffrey Michael Yedlin

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Meal Duration: Implications for Restaurant Revenue Management , Dale F. Billings

The Relationship between Motivation to Use Airbnb and Guests’ Repurchase Intention: Moderating Effect of Consideration Set , Wen Jiang

The Impact of Virtual Presence on Willingness to Book: The Moderating Role of Self-Construal and Gender , Sung Jun Joe

Examining the Role of Business Intelligence and Analytics in Hospitality Revenue Management , Anna I. Kharitonova

Mental Accounting and Unplanned Purchases in Online Booking: The Role of Discount, Impulse Buying, and Thinking Style , Esther L. Kim

The Effect of the Minimum Server Wage on Restaurant Guest Tipping Behavior and Perceptions , Jason Tang

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

Managing Data-Driven Change: A Model of Unintended Deviation , Sang-Mun Ray Cho

Influencing Hawai‘i Hotel Patrons to Use Reef-Safe Sunscreens , Rochelle Good

A Cross-cultural Investigation of the Relationship between Customer Demographics and Hotel Room Price Perception , Jinhua Hong

Social Media Influencer Endorsement and Events: An Integrated Framework of Congruence , Jie Sun

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Price Prediction: Determining Changes in Stock Pricing through Sentiment Analysis of Online Consumer Reviews , Daryl F. Boykin

Examining the Decoy and the Phantom Decoy Effects on the Menu Item Choice , Yang-Su Chen

The Impact of Supportive Parenting on Career Confidence of Young Adults , Salma Ettefagh

Consumer Attitudes and Purchase Intentions of Cruises in China , Wenjia Han

Influence of Sustainability Reward Program on Meeting Planners’ Site Selection Decision and Perceived Value-for-Money , Shinyong (shawn) Jung

Impact of Ingredient Branding on the Hotel Brand: Spillover Effect of Branded Amenities , Eun Joo Kim

Esports Enthusiasts and Gamers: Motivations, Behaviors, and Attitudes Towards Gambling , John Lukasik

The Effects of Availability Heuristic Cues on Restaurant Purchase Decisions , Nadia Hanin Nazlan

Value Co-Creation Propositions: A Self-Determination Theory of Customer Acceptance, Trust and Wellbeing , Lenna V. Shulga

Understanding Transitions of Trust across Different Business Contexts: An Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Study , Sungsik Yoon

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

The Effects of Source and Content on Types of Social Influence in Online Traveler Reviews , Laura A. Book

Connection or Competence: Emotional Labor Versus Service Quality as Antecedents to Customer Loyalty , Andrew Moreo

The Effect of Blackboard Tools on the Community of Inquiry and Learner Satisfaction with Learning Management System-Enabled Courses , Alice Swift

Investigating How Restaurant Week's Price Promotion Affects Diners' Online Perceptions , Jian Zhao

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Six Feet from Fame: Exploring Dark Tourism Motivation at Marilyn Monroe's Grave , Surjeet Baidwan

Understanding the Experience of Medicare Advantage Patients in a Health Maintenance Organization , Curtis E. Boldman

Exploring the Relationship Between Revenue Management and Hotel Loyalty Programs , Melissa Elizabeth Buckley

Examining the factors that impact work life balance for executive chefs , Lisa Nicole Cain

Understanding Employee Work Attitudes: An Integration of Psychological Contract Theory and Organizational Support Theory , Wen Chang

The Influence of Tier Level of Hotel Loyalty Programs on Guest Perceptions and Tolerance for Service Quality , Eunjin Choi

Perceptions toward the Value of Higher Education for Hotel Professionals in Las Vegas: A Case Study , Gary Lee Deel

The Effect of Florida’s Timeshare Resale Accountability Act and Securitization Announcements on Vacation Ownership Shareholder Wealth , James R. Drake, Iii

An Examination of U.S. restaurant firms' internationalization in a risk context , Soyeon Jung

The Impacts of a Smoking Ban on Gaming Volume and Customers' Satisfaction in the Casino Industry in South Korea , Sojeong Lee

Evaluating Event Effectiveness Across Alternate Platforms , Kristin Marie Malek

Patient Service Quality and Health Maintenance Organizations: Not an Oxymoron , Jessica Mcbeath

Impact of Menu Designs and Personal Dietary Behaviors on Young Millennials' Restaurant Menu Choices , Yuan Tian

Developing a Parasocial Relationship with Hotel Brands on Facebook: Will Millennials Differ from GenXers? , Yun Ying Zhong

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

Table Games Revenue Management: A Bayesian Approach , Daryl F. Boykin

Work and Home-Life Balance: A Comparative Study of Hotel Employee Satisfaction in the West and Midwest , Amanda Connick

Revenue Management in a Multi-Channel Environment: The Effect of Pricing Strategies on Perceived Fairness , Lan Jiang

Golf Tourists at Two Courses in Las Vegas: A Demographic Profile , Brian Milford Jones

A Model of Hospitality Employee Engagement , Hee Jung Kang

Integrated Casino Resort Plan in Korea: The Perception of Korean Government Representatives , Donghwa Lee

The Hotel College First Year Experience at UNLV: Does it Make a Difference? , Jill Plumer

Factors Influencing the Perceived Impacts of Medical Tourism Development on Quality of Life , Courtney Suess

Chinese Outbound Tourists Food Consumption in the U.S.: An Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior , Kaiyang Wu

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

Mapping the Online Gambling E-Servicescape: Impact of Virtual Atmospherics on the Gambler's Experience , Brett Lillian Levine Abarbanel

How We Complain: The Effect of Personality on Consumer Complaint Channels , Riley Allen Berry

Motives for Different Types of Medical Travelers: An Analysis of the Current State of Academic Research on the Topic , Dan B. Cormany

The Impact of Anti-BYOD Policies on Generation Z Hospitality Employee's Engagement , Danny Crinson

The effectiveness of various green print advertising strategies for budget and luxury hotel segments , Safak Sahin

Assessing Revenue Managers' Level of Trust in Information Systems: An Exploratory Study of Las Vegas Casino Resorts , Landon Taylor Shores

The Impact of Airport Service Quality Dimension on Overall Airport Experience and Impression , Redha Widarsyah

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

Impact of the 2003 Illinois Gaming Tax Rate Increase on Marketing Spending and Cross-State Substitution , Mikael Bengt Ahlgren

Self-image congruence with communication channels and its impact on reward program loyalty , Orie Berezan

Mega-renters: Who are they and how do they operate? , Stefan William Cosentino

From fandom to tourism: An examination of self-~expansion theory , So Jung Lee

The Marketing Effectiveness of Hotel Facebook Pages: From Perspectives of Customers and Messages , Xi Yu Leung

Evaluating the Impact of a New Casino Loyalty Program on Gaming Volume , Ji Hye Min

The effect of casino tax policy on short-run gaming development , Kahlil Philander

Restaurant Service Employees Organizational Commitment: Shared Gratuity versus Independent Gratuity Environments , Susan J. Roe

The Non-Gaming Business of the Gaming Industry: Evaluating the Contribution of Non-Gaming Amenities at a Casino-Resort Property , Elena Shampaner-Ghiassi

Room Service Principles and Practices: An Exploratory Study , Stanley Douglas Suboleski

Theses/Dissertations from 2011 2011

What is mission critical in the hotel guest room: Examining in-room guest empowerment technologies , Pelin Nasoz

Adjusting payroll with changes in business volumes: An examination of Nevada gaming properties , Toni A. Repetti

Credit Fluctuations and Lodging Firms: An Investigation of the Differing Capital Structures in the US Lodging Industry , Dipendra Singh

Examining revenue management practices in Las Vegas casino resorts , Arun Tanpanuwat

Financial performance and capacity analysis for the MICE industry in Las Vegas and the United States , Li-Ting Yang

Theses/Dissertations from 2010 2010

Management research in the hospitality and tourism industry , Xu Cheng

Structural model of effects of cultural factors on escalation of commitment through antecedents, agency, and negative framing effects , Woo-Sik Danny Choi

An Analysis of restaurant food safety violations: human factors, non-human factors, and food-borne illness , Jai Choung

Critical success factors in barbecue restaurants: Do operators and patrons agree? , John Raymond Farrish

A Mathematical approach for optimizing the casino slot floor: A linear programming application , Kasra Christopher Ghaharian

Illegal substance abuse in the full-service restaurant industry: An evaluation of pre-employment drug-testing , Miranda Kitterlin

Impact of hotel discount strategies on consumers’ emotion and behavior in the presence of high and low involvement consumers , Seung H. Lee

Estimating the future growth potential of Kangwon Land casino , Yunekyong Lee

Outcomes associated with a UNLV outdoor adventures' women's wilderness canoe trip , Joanna Leigh Libby

The Physical activity patterns and constraints of diverse female college students , Kathleen Victoria Minkel

A Study on eco-friendly merchandise in a resort retail environment , Lindsey C. Patrick

Room rate parity: A 2010 study of U.S. booking channels , Neven Sipic

An Analysis of supervisor’s gender and subordinate employees’ job satisfaction within the casino-entertainment industry , Nicholas J. Thomas

Theses/Dissertations from 2009 2009

Estimating the indirect contribution of sports books: Sports wagering as a driver of other in-house revenues , Brett L.L. Abarbanel

The GED and alternative learning center diploma as a factor in post-secondary persistence and success , Michael C. Autenrieth

The relationship between benefit satisfaction and intent to leave: A study of finance departments in Las Vegas , Jung-in Bae

Taiwanese gambling behaviors, perceptions, and attitudes , Che Hao Chang

Perspectives on timeshare ownership: An exploratory study of markets in China , Kai-Li Chi

The Efficacy of fragrance use for enhancing the slot machine gaming experience of casino patrons , Gael D. Hancock

Leadership Skills and Challenges in Hospitality Management Education , Valentini Kalargyrou

A Comprehensive structural model of factors influencing customers' intention to use biometrics in the hospitality industry , Jungsun Kim

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105+ Hospitality Research Topics [Updated 2024]

Post author By admin
May 8, 2024

In a bustling world where travel and leisure are increasingly essential aspects of our lives, the hospitality industry plays a pivotal role. From cozy bed-and-breakfasts to luxurious resorts, from trendy urban eateries to quaint countryside cafes, hospitality businesses cater to our need for comfort, relaxation, and enjoyment. But have you ever wondered what goes on behind the scenes? What makes some hospitality ventures thrive while others struggle? Join us on a journey through the fascinating world of hospitality research topics, where we unravel the mysteries and unveil the secrets of this vibrant industry.

Table of Contents

What Do You Mean By Hospitality?

Hospitality means being friendly and kind to guests or people you don’t know. It’s about making them feel welcome and comfortable, so they enjoy their time with you. Examples of hospitality include:

Hotel Accommodation: Providing comfortable rooms, amenities, and personalized services to guests staying at a hotel.
Restaurant Service: Welcoming diners, providing attentive service, and ensuring a pleasant dining experience, including food quality and ambiance.
Tourist Attractions: Offering informative guided tours, assistance, and facilities to visitors exploring tourist destinations.
Event Hosting: Organizing and hosting events such as weddings, conferences, or parties, ensuring guests’ needs are met and they feel welcome.
Homestays: Welcoming guests into one’s home and providing accommodation, meals, and hospitality similar to that of a hotel.
Travel Services: Assisting travelers with transportation, accommodations, and activities, ensuring a smooth and enjoyable journey.

105+ Hospitality Research Topics: Category Wise

Consumer behavior in hospitality.

The impact of online reviews on hotel bookings.
Trends in consumer preferences for dining experiences.
The influence of social media on travel decision-making.
Understanding the motivations of eco-conscious travelers.
Consumer perceptions of luxury vs. budget accommodations.
The role of loyalty programs in shaping guest behavior.
The influence of online food delivery platforms on restaurant choices.
Preferences for experiential accommodations (e.g., treehouses, glamping).
Understanding cultural differences in dining behavior among international tourists.
The impact of COVID-19 on travel decision-making and consumer behavior.
Accessibility considerations in hospitality for guests with disabilities.
Emerging trends in solo travel and their implications for hospitality businesses.

Sustainable Practices in Hospitality

Implementing green initiatives in hotel operations.
Assessing the effectiveness of waste reduction programs in restaurants.
Renewable energy adoption in the hospitality industry.
Sustainable sourcing practices in food and beverage operations.
Eco-friendly design trends in hotel construction.
The economic benefits of sustainability initiatives for hospitality businesses.
Reducing single-use plastics in hotel amenities and packaging.
Carbon footprint reduction strategies for hospitality transportation services.
Water conservation initiatives in hotel operations and landscaping.
Assessing the social impact of sustainable tourism projects on local communities.
Green certification programs and their influence on consumer choices.
Innovative approaches to upcycling and repurposing waste in hospitality operations.

Technology and Innovation in Hospitality

The impact of AI on guest service and personalization.
Integrating IoT devices for improved hotel management.
Blockchain applications in hotel booking and payment systems.
Virtual reality experiences in destination marketing.
Mobile app trends in hospitality and their impact on guest satisfaction.
Data analytics for enhancing hotel revenue management.
Augmented reality applications for enhancing guest experiences in museums and attractions.
Robotics and automation in restaurant kitchens and food delivery services.
Voice recognition technology for personalized guest interactions in hotels.
Smart building technologies for energy efficiency and guest comfort.
Cybersecurity challenges and solutions for hospitality businesses.
The role of big data analytics in predicting travel trends and demand forecasting.

Marketing and Branding in Hospitality

Brand positioning strategies for boutique hotels.
Influencer marketing in the hospitality industry.
Social media trends for restaurant promotion.
Content marketing strategies for destination marketing organizations.
Cross-cultural branding challenges in international hospitality.
The role of storytelling in hotel branding and guest engagement.
Crisis communication strategies for managing reputation in the face of negative events.
Personal branding for hospitality professionals (e.g., chefs, hoteliers).
Community-based tourism marketing strategies for rural destinations.
Experiential marketing campaigns in the luxury hospitality sector.
User-generated content and its impact on destination branding.
Co-branding partnerships between hotels and lifestyle brands.

Human Resource Management in Hospitality

Recruitment strategies for attracting top talent in the hospitality industry.
Training programs for enhancing hotel staff guest service skills.
Employee engagement initiatives in restaurant workplaces.
Diversity and inclusion practices in hotel workforce management.
Addressing burnout and turnover in the hospitality sector.
The impact of COVID-19 on hospitality workforce dynamics.
Employee wellness programs and their impact on productivity and retention.
Talent management strategies for addressing skills shortages in the hospitality industry.
Flexible staffing models for seasonal fluctuations in tourism demand.
The gig economy and its implications for hospitality employment.
Conflict resolution techniques for handling guest complaints and disputes.
Employee empowerment and its role in improving guest satisfaction scores.

Tourism and Destination Management

Destination competitiveness analysis in the global tourism market.
Sustainable tourism development strategies for emerging destinations.
The role of cultural heritage preservation in destination management.
Destination marketing for niche tourism segments (e.g., adventure travel, culinary tourism ).
Tourism carrying capacity assessment in popular destinations.
Crisis management strategies for destinations affected by natural disasters or political unrest.
Dark tourism and its ethical considerations in destination marketing.
Sustainable transportation options for reducing carbon emissions in tourism destinations.
The impact of overtourism on local infrastructure and resident quality of life.
Health and wellness tourism trends and destination development opportunities.
The role of festivals and events in destination branding and economic development.
Rural tourism development strategies for revitalizing declining communities.

Hospitality Operations and Management

Lean management principles in hotel operations.
Food safety protocols in restaurant kitchens.
The impact of automation on hospitality service delivery.
Customer relationship management strategies for enhancing guest loyalty.
Outsourcing trends in hotel operations (e.g., housekeeping, F&B).
Implementing flexible work schedules for hospitality employees.
Supply chain management best practices for reducing food waste in hospitality.
The use of biometrics for enhancing security and streamlining guest check-in processes.
Space optimization strategies for maximizing revenue in hotel meeting and event spaces.
Implementing contactless payment systems and digital wallets in hospitality.
Sustainable menu design and sourcing practices in restaurants.
Employee cross-training programs are used to enhance operational flexibility and efficiency.

Cultural and Ethical Issues in Hospitality

Cross-cultural communication challenges in hotel guest interactions.
Ethical considerations in hotel revenue management practices.
Sustainable tourism and indigenous community engagement.
Addressing cultural appropriation in restaurant menus and branding.
LGBTQ+ inclusivity in hospitality marketing and service delivery.
Human rights issues in the hospitality supply chain.
Ethical considerations in wildlife tourism and animal interactions.
Indigenous foodways preservation and promotion in hospitality establishments.
Gender equality and diversity initiatives in hospitality leadership positions.
Fair trade and ethical sourcing practices in hotel and restaurant procurement.
Cultural heritage preservation through culinary tourism experiences.
Ethical dilemmas in hotel revenue management and pricing strategies.

Future Directions in Hospitality Research

Predicting the impact of emerging technologies on the future of hospitality.
Sustainable tourism trends for the post-pandemic era.
The rise of experiential travel and its implications for hospitality businesses.
Addressing overtourism through innovative destination management strategies.
The role of regenerative tourism in combating climate change.
Exploring alternative accommodation models (e.g., homestays, co-living spaces) in hospitality.
The role of space tourism in the future of hospitality and destination management.
Exploring the potential of vertical farming for sustainable food production in urban hotels.
The impact of artificial intelligence on job displacement and workforce reskilling in hospitality.
Predicting the evolution of hospitality design trends in response to changing consumer preferences.
Assessing the feasibility of underwater hotels and other innovative accommodation concepts.
The rise of immersive travel experiences and virtual reality tourism.

Why Is Hospitality Research Important?

Hospitality research is crucial for several reasons:

Understanding Consumer Needs: Research helps businesses understand the evolving preferences, behaviors, and expectations of consumers in the hospitality industry. This understanding allows businesses to tailor their offerings and services to better meet the needs of their target audience.
Improving Service Quality: By analyzing guest feedback, studying industry trends, and identifying areas for improvement, hospitality research enables businesses to enhance the quality of their services. This, in turn, leads to higher levels of customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Driving Innovation: Research drives innovation in the hospitality sector by uncovering new technologies, trends, and best practices. Businesses that stay abreast of the latest research findings can innovate their offerings, improve operational efficiency, and gain a competitive edge in the market.
Sustainability Initiatives: With growing concerns about environmental and social sustainability, hospitality research plays a crucial role in identifying sustainable practices and initiatives. Research helps businesses reduce their environmental footprint, promote social responsibility, and contribute to the long-term viability of the industry.
Informing Decision-Making: Hospitality research provides valuable insights that inform strategic decision-making at all levels of the organization. From marketing and branding to operations and management, research findings guide businesses in making informed choices that drive growth and success.
Addressing Challenges: The hospitality industry faces numerous challenges, ranging from changing consumer preferences to regulatory compliance issues. Research helps businesses identify and address these challenges proactively, mitigating risks and optimizing performance.
Contributing to Economic Development: The hospitality sector plays a significant role in global economies, contributing to employment, GDP, and tourism revenues. By generating knowledge and driving innovation, hospitality research contributes to the continued growth and development of the industry, creating opportunities for economic prosperity.

In conclusion, hospitality research is like a treasure chest full of exciting things to learn about. It gives us lots of chances to explore and find out new stuff. Whether you’re interested in understanding consumer behavior, exploring sustainability practices, or analyzing the latest technological trends, there’s something for everyone in this dynamic industry.

So, next time you check into a hotel or dine out at a restaurant, take a moment to appreciate the research and innovation that make your experience possible. With hospitality research topics, you could uncover exciting new opportunities you never knew existed.

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150+ Interesting Hospitality Research Topics To Consider

Table of Contents

Are you searching for the best hospitality research topics for your final year project? If yes, then you are at the correct place. Basically, hospitality is a broad subject that predominantly deals with the various activities, technology concepts, and creativity required to build the customer experience. The subject mainly focuses on everything related to the travel and tourism industry and hence while preparing a hospitality research paper, it might be challenging for you to identify a good topic to work on. But with us, you need not worry. For your convenience, in this blog, we have suggested 150+ outstanding hospitality research topics and ideas on different themes related to the subject. Continue reading to get exclusive ideas for hospitality research paper writing.

Hospitality Research Paper Topics List

Wonder what topic to choose for your hospitality research paper? Cool! When it comes to writing a research paper or thesis on hospitality, you can consider topics that deal with some significant aspects to build successful strategies. Other than that, you can also give high preference to case studies and hospitality research ideas based on history, law, management, culture, etc. as presented below.

Hotel Management Research Paper Ideas

Discuss the qualities of a good hotel manager.
Explain the customer service at a 5-star hotel.
Compare a full-service hotel and a limited-service hotel.
Revenue management of a large hotel.
Case Study: The Wynn Las Vegas.
A study on French hotel management.
Case Study: The First World Hotel & Plaza.
Hotel management in Pakistan.
Case Study: The Ambassador City Jomtien.
Explain the financial accounting of a hotel.
Case Study: Pavilion Hotel Kuala LumpurManaged by Banyan Tree
Describe the best practices of hotel management
Analyze the hotel management practices of The Taj Mahal Palace, Mumbai, India
Discuss the best practices for hoteliers to improve customer service and hotel maintenance management
Case Study: Rosewood Castiglion del Bosco, Italy
What are the best practices for employee management in the hotel sector
Why it is important for the hospitality industry to switch to sustainable practices?
Compare and contrast the hotel industry of Thailand and Malaysia
Discuss five modern technologies used by American hotels
Analyze the growth and development of the hotel industry in Dubai
Compare the ‘check-in’ and ‘check-out’ processes and amenities in European and Asian hotels

Simple Hospitality Research Topics

Discuss the relationship between the host and the guest.
Explain hospitality in the Christian culture.
How to greet a tourist in Rome.
Explain hospitality in Ancient Greece.
The negative effects of travel bans.
The effect of global trends on the hospitality industry.
Hospitality in the Islam culture.
Explain the origin of the word Hospitality.
Best ways to greet a guest in Prague.
Discuss hospitality ethics.
Why ‘Four Seasons Resort Bali’ at Jimbaran Bay is considered one of the most luxurious hotels in the world?
Compare and contrast Explora El Chaltén, Argentina, and Six Senses Fort Barwara, India
Analyze the contribution of the hospitality industry to global economic growth
Importance of leadership management in hospitality businesses
Which form of leadership style is most effective to apply in the hospitality industry?
Discuss the global hospitality industry’s contribution to the world economy over the past three decades
Critical analysis of the roles and responsibilities of the housekeeping staff on guest satisfaction in classified hotels
Discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global hospitality industry
Compare and contrast hospitality services available in Islamic and Christian culture

Hospitality Law Research Topics

Insurance waivers.
Hospitality law in India.
The liability of hotel owners in the US.
Research hospitality law in Russia.
Hospitality law in South Korea.
Research the risk of theft in hotels in the UK.
Bailments in the hospitality industry.
Hospitality law in North Korea.
A closer look at the Laws of Innkeepers.
Hospitality law in South Africa.

Top Hospitality Research Ideas

The right to free transit.
Case Study: The Abraj Al Bait.
Explain the idea of favored guests in Christianity.
Make a strategic analysis of the Circus Circus Las Vegas.
The effects of the smoking ban on casinos.
A closer look at fair wages in the hospitality industry.
Etiquette in the hospitality industry.
Make a strategic analysis of the Hilton Hawaiian Village.
Analyze the idea of perverse hospitality.
Case Study: The Izmailovo Hotel.

Hospitality Management Research Topics

Discuss the salary expectations of hotel managers.
Major issues in the hospitality industry.
The role of the General Manager of a hotel.
Discuss hotel management during the COVID pandemic.
The different types of hospitality accommodations.
Food and beverage in the hospitality industry.
Working conditions in a large hotel.
Analyze the effects of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic on the hospitality industry.
Hotel marketing management.
The role of a Director of Groups and Events.
The role of facility managers.
Providing food, shelter, and safety in Nepal.
Hospitality as a virtue.
Offering shelter in Judaism.
Prepare a strategic analysis of a hotel of your choice.

Research Topics on Hospitality and Tourism

Domestic tourism in the United States.
Talk about outbound tourism trends in 2022.
Top tourist attractions in the UK.
Define inbound tourism.
Talk about the 3 main ideas in tourism.
How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect tourism?
Talk about personalization in hospitality.
Analyze the 7 components of tourism.
Going contactless in the hospitality industry.
Best tourist attractions in the US.
Discuss the contribution of tourism to worldwide trade.
Explain the impact of travel bloggers and vloggers on the global tourism business.
Discuss the impact of natural disasters and hazards on the tourism industry.
Write about Ex Ante Tourism Forecasting Assessment.
How to improve the competitiveness of Tourism.
Discuss the advancements of Tourism contribution to the development.
Explain the significance of remote communication in the tourism industry.
Write about family tourism.
Bibliometric analysis of medical tourism.
Community resourcefulness and partnerships in rural tourism
Discuss how hospitality companies diversify.
Case Study: The MGM Grand Las Vegas and The Signature
The importance of the hospitality industry for the US economy.
Prepare a strategic analysis of the Excalibur Hotel and Casino.
Hospitality training of flight attendants.
Case Study: The Londoner Macao
Research what off-season means for holiday resorts.
Case Study: The Venetian Resort Las Vegas
Make a strategic analysis of Caesars Palace Hotel.
Discuss hospitality training of restaurant workers.

Read more: Best Leadership Research Topics and Ideas To Deal With

Excellent Hospitality Research Topics

Discuss the best ways to cater to millennials.
Sustainability in the hospitality industry.
Augmented reality in the hospitality industry.
Discuss the growing emphasis on well-being.
Explain the seamless technology in hospitality.
Make a strategic analysis of the Shinagawa Prince Hotel.
The most important service in the hospitality industry.
Discuss destination promotion.
The way tech has affected the hospitality industry.
Specify the importance of a good tour guide.
The most important part of hospitality in a luxury hotel.
Strategic analysis of the Resorts World Las Vegas.
Analyze the Atlantis Paradise Island hotel.
How to meet the needs of hotel guests using tech.
Crushing the competition in the hospitality business.

Outstanding Hospitality Research Topics

The influence of hospitality on the direct and indirect economy.
Compare 3 major hotel chains in the UK.
Discuss the tips system.
Hospitality going green in the upcoming years.
Hospitality in Ancient Egypt.
The best ways to attract guests to your hotel.
Changing laws in the hospitality sector.
Hospitality laws and rules in the Maldives.
Discuss sports tourism.
Analyze the operations of a pub of your choice.
Research the wages of hotel staff in your area.
Discuss hospitality in your local hospital.
Hospitality during the Olympic Games.
Discuss the bread and salt tradition in Eastern Europe.
The importance of proper etiquette.

Innovative Hospitality Dissertation Topics

How do buying decisions affect leisure tourism on British customers?
Why do customers prefer leisure hotels when they plan overseas holidays?
Perception and attitude of British customers towards Thai food.
Factors affecting restaurant selections on a Friday night out.
The positive impacts of Royal Weddings on the hospitality industry.
How can small catering firms use integrated marketing communication to create brand recognition and sales?
With more people traveling solo, what has the hospitality industry done to accommodate and attract more visitors?
How to motivate employees in pubs and restaurants?
Does brand extension in hotel chains affect buying decisions of customers?
Examining perception and attitude of customers towards online travel agents.

Read more: Top Human Resources Research Topics and Ideas for Students

Unique Hospitality Research Paper Topics

Talk about the weird qualities of solo travel guests.
What is essentialism in the hospitality business?
What is holistic hospitality?
Research a new area of hospitality.
What are leisure travelers?
How hotels are remaining alive in the competition of providing hospitality services.
How important is a review for companies in the hospitality industry?
Discuss the skills of an experienced restaurant manager.
The role of the hospitality management staff.
How important are workspaces in hotels?
How hospitality services are given across different geographical regions varies.
What is a hotel crisis management team?
Innovative techniques to meet the needs of guests in hotels.
Latest trends in the hospitality industry.
Types of hospitality services that are in demand.

From the list of research topics and ideas suggested in this blog, choose any topic of your choice and draft a detailed hospitality research paper. In case, you are not sure what topic to select or how to write a hospitality research paper, contact us.

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Research in Hospitality Management: Guests on Earth, Sustainability in Hospitality

This issue of Research in Hospitality Management is special in two ways: it is the first issue of Research in Hospitality Management to be published in open access, and it is entirely dedicated to sustainability. The choice for open access has been dictated by the desire of the editorial team to reach a wider public and initiate the process of ranking of the journal. Stenden Hotel Management School fully supports this strategic choice. Sustainability is a highly topical subject and has been for over twenty years. The same is true of “responsible tourism” and “sustainable hospitality” – concepts which have been discussed and explored by the industry and scientific communities alike. A key issue in these discussions relates to ethics. The term “ethics” goes back to ancient Greek philosophy. However, rather than concluding that this is a tired old theme, it is important to consider the new and continuing challenges which are currently affecting the planet and its populations. This includes economic, political, environmental, and social crises, the impact of which will only increase in years to come. Although the terminology linked to describing and tackling these challenges is not very new, its application to practical situations has become not only interesting, but also absolutely essential. Sustainable approaches to development and management of all industries are no longer an option but a necessity. This special issue recognises that this is also true for the hospitality industry and it therefore makes Sustainable Hospitality its main focus.

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In this paper, we explain sustainability in the context of the hospitality sector and go over several strategies for incorporating it to the advantage of hospitality operations and brands. Although the benefits of sustainability for the hotel industry are generally acknowledged, the sector might not be making the most of these advantages. The main trends and industry best practises are also covered, along with advice on how brands and property owners may take advantage of worthwhile advantages and more effectively use sustainability as a major differentiator to promote company recovery and growth.. People may not comprehend the different ways in which it is sustainable, they may not even openly acknowledge the fact that they are doing any sustainable initiatives in the particular sector. As previously said, sustainable activities can take many different forms and have a range of outcomes. on other decisions people make, which may have favorable or unfavorable effects on future events for either they or next generations. The sustainable measures that, for instance, hotels take can range from planning more effective work schedules for the staff, purchasing food and cleaning supplies from superior suppliers, or even constructing their buildings with better-quality materials and with greater understanding of how to construct more sustainable homes and buildings.

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100+ Tourism Research Topics: Trends and Future Directions

Tourism research stands at the crossroads of exploration and understanding, dissecting the intricacies of an industry that transcends geographical boundaries. In this blog, we delve into the realm of tourism research topics, examining their importance, trends, popular areas of study, challenges faced by researchers, and the future directions that the field is poised to take.

Key Trends in Tourism Research

Table of Contents

Sustainable Tourism

Sustainable tourism has become a cornerstone of research in recent years, reflecting the global shift towards eco-conscious travel. Researchers are delving into the intricate balance between satisfying the wanderlust of tourists and preserving the environment.

Initiatives such as wildlife conservation, eco-friendly accommodations, and community engagement are key focus areas.

Technology in Tourism

The pervasive influence of technology on tourism cannot be overstated. From online booking platforms to virtual reality experiences, researchers are exploring the impact of technology on travel behavior.

Emerging areas of study include the use of artificial intelligence in personalized travel recommendations and the implications of augmented reality for enhancing tourist attractions.

What is the Importance of Tourism Research for Students?

Tourism research holds significant importance for students pursuing studies in various disciplines, including tourism management, hospitality, business, sociology, and environmental studies. Here are some key reasons why tourism research is valuable for students:

Academic Enrichment

Increases Understanding: By conducting study on the tourist business, students may increase their comprehension of the intricate relationships between the economic, social, cultural, and environmental facets of the sector.
Application of Theoretical information: This increases the practical relevance of their education by giving them the chance to apply the theoretical information they have learned in the classroom to real-world situations.

Skill Development

Research Skills: Gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data are just a few of the vital research skills that come from conducting tourist research. These abilities are adaptable and useful in a range of work environments.
Communication abilities: Through research papers, presentations, and conversations, students learn how to effectively express their results, which improves both their writing and spoken communication abilities.

Industry Insights

Current Trends and Issues: Research allows students to stay abreast of current trends, challenges, and emerging issues in the tourism industry. This awareness is crucial for adapting to the dynamic nature of the field.
In-Depth Knowledge: By delving into specific tourism research topics, students gain in-depth knowledge of particular sectors within the industry, positioning themselves as experts in specialized areas.

Career Opportunities

Competitive Advantage: Having experience in tourism research can provide students with a competitive advantage in the job market. Employers value candidates who can bring a research-driven perspective to decision-making.
Diverse Career Paths: Whether in academia, policy-making, destination management, or market analysis, a background in tourism research opens doors to a variety of career paths within the broader field of tourism and hospitality.

Contributions to Sustainable Practices

Environmental and Social Responsibility: Tourism research often focuses on sustainable practices. Students, through their research, can contribute ideas and solutions for promoting responsible tourism, minimizing negative impacts on the environment and local communities.

Global Perspective

Cultural Awareness: Researching diverse tourism topics exposes students to various cultures, traditions, and perspectives. This global perspective is crucial in an industry where interactions with people from different backgrounds are common.

Problem-Solving Skills

Analytical Thinking: Research involves analyzing complex issues and developing solutions. This cultivates students’ analytical thinking and problem-solving skills, valuable attributes in any professional setting.

Personal Growth

Confidence Building: Successfully conducting research and presenting findings builds students’ confidence in their abilities. It empowers them to tackle challenges and approach tasks with a systematic mindset.

In summary, tourism research is a multifaceted learning experience that goes beyond textbooks, providing students with the skills, knowledge, and perspectives needed for a successful and impactful career in the tourism industry or related fields.

Challenges and Opportunities in Tourism Research

Data collection and analysis.

While technology has streamlined data collection, challenges persist in ensuring data accuracy and relevance. Researchers are exploring advanced methodologies, such as big data analytics and machine learning, to overcome these hurdles and derive meaningful insights.

Globalization and Tourism

The globalization of the tourism industry poses both challenges and opportunities. Researchers are scrutinizing the impact of global trends on local economies, cultural identities, and the environment. Striking a balance between global and local interests is a complex task that requires careful consideration.

Future Directions in Tourism Research

Emerging tourism destinations.

The landscape of tourist destinations is ever-evolving. Researchers are turning their attention to emerging destinations, investigating the factors that contribute to their rise and the implications for the broader tourism industry.

This includes understanding the appeal of off-the-beaten-path locations and the potential challenges associated with their sudden popularity.

Post-Pandemic Tourism

The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped the tourism industry in unprecedented ways. Researchers are exploring the long-term effects of the pandemic on travel behavior, destination preferences, and the overall structure of the tourism sector.

Strategies for recovery and resilience are also under the microscope as the industry adapts to the new normal.

Resources for Tourism Research Topics

Academic Journals and Publications: Leading academic journals in tourism research, such as the “Journal of Sustainable Tourism” and the “Annals of Tourism Research,” provide a wealth of knowledge for researchers. These publications cover a wide array of topics, from sustainable practices to cultural tourism.
Conferences and Events: Attending conferences and events, such as the “International Conference on Tourism Research” and the “World Tourism Forum,” offers researchers the opportunity to engage with peers, present their work, and stay abreast of the latest developments in the field.
Online Databases and Research Platforms: Online databases, including Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Tourism Management Database , provide access to a vast repository of research articles, theses, and reports. These platforms facilitate collaboration and information exchange among researchers.

In conclusion, the landscape of tourism research topics is vast and dynamic, reflecting the multifaceted nature of the tourism industry. As researchers continue to explore sustainable practices, emerging trends, and the post-pandemic landscape, the importance of their work cannot be overstated.

By navigating the challenges and embracing the opportunities presented, tourism researchers contribute to a more informed and resilient industry, ensuring that the joy of travel remains accessible for generations to come.

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Hospitality Dissertation Topics Ideas & Examples

Table of Contents

Hospitality Dissertation Topics

Wide Range Of Hospitality Dissertation Topics, Covering Many Aspects of the Hotel and Tourism Industry

Is the selection of hospitality dissertation topics your achilles’ heel, then knowing the range of dissertation topics on hospitality would delight you. bearing the above, you have to first understand what the term hospitality refers to..

Hospitality refers to the relationship between the host and the guest. In more precise terms, it also refers to being courteous and hospitable.

More specifically, it is concerned with the reception of guests to their better accommodation and better facilities. Many tourist organizations hire their employees as specialists in tourism and hospitality, for they have the knowledge and techniques to handle the influx of tourists.

The current hotel industry gives immense value to hospitality and it includes etiquette and entertainment as part of hospitality. Equal treatment and respect for the guests are the essences of hospitality. Resultantly, a hospitality dissertation is part of the courses offered for the hotel and tourism industry.

However, hospitality has remained part of many cultures. In olden times, the guests were given the same respect as now in the hotel industry – at times more than that. The ‘Pakhtun’ traditions are well known for this. They even used to forgive their enemy, if he went to their homes as a guest and would never let him go without being adequately served. Besides, the Celtic cultures and Roman cultures also give the same impression.

As far as the hospitality dissertation is concerned, the hospitality dissertation topics are chosen keeping the trends and requirements under consideration. The most important topics are as follows.

The role of hotel management and institutions in hospitality.
What factors are important in the improvement of the hotel industry – consideration of tourists?
The attitude and concerns of the tourists for a particular hotel.
The consciousness of the people regarding the ratings of the hotels.
The role of the internet in the hotel industry and traveling.
The impression of big hotels on the general masses – a case study of different hotels.
The extension of the brand in hotel chains.
Is the brand or the name of the hotel matter in the tourism industry?
Can hospitality be synchronized with different cultural preferences and customs?
The different categories of hotels and the preferences of the tourists.
The role of technology in enhancing the customer experience in the hospitality industry
The impact of social media on hotel revenue and reputation management
The influence of sustainability efforts on hotel performance and guest satisfaction
An analysis of the hotel loyalty program landscape and its effectiveness in driving guest retention
A comparative study of independent hotels versus hotel chains: which performs better in terms of customer satisfaction and profitability?
The role of human resources in improving employee satisfaction and retention in the hospitality industry
An exploration of the use of big data and analytics in the hospitality industry and its impact on decision-making and performance
A case study of the effectiveness of hotel branding and marketing efforts
An analysis of the impact of culture on the hospitality industry and the challenges faced by multinational hotel chains
A study of the economic and social impacts of tourism on local communities
An investigation of the use of design and aesthetics in the hotel industry and its impact on guest satisfaction
A study of the role of event planning and management in the hospitality industry
An analysis of the influence of food and beverage offerings on hotel performance and guest satisfaction
A comparative study of different types of accommodation (e.g. hotels, motels, beds, and breakfasts) in terms of customer satisfaction and profitability
An exploration of the role of technology in the planning and management of events in the hospitality industry
A case study of the impact of destination branding on the success of a particular tourist destination
An investigation of the role of customer service in the hospitality industry and its impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty
A study of the effects of cultural differences on the performance of multinational hotel chains
An analysis of the use of virtual reality and augmented reality in the hospitality industry
A comparative study of online travel agencies (OTAs) and direct bookings in terms of cost and customer satisfaction
An exploration of the role of sustainability in the cruise industry and its impact on customer satisfaction
A case study of the effects of the sharing economy on the hospitality industry
An investigation of the use of artificial intelligence in the hospitality industry and its impact on guest experience
A study of the impact of globalization on the hospitality industry and the challenges faced by small, independent hotels
An analysis of the role of experiential marketing in the hospitality industry and its impact on customer loyalty.
Check out our post for Hospitality Management Dissertation Topics .

Though the above-mentioned are important, more topics can be formed if the factors affecting the hotel and tour industry are taken into account. These factors are weather conditions, globalization, economic conditions, and the time of the year. A better combination of the above topics can be helpful in giving the hospitality dissertation proposal . Some important topics can be as follows.

The different weathers’ special foods for the tourists
The economic recession and the tourism industry
The management of the large influx of tourists in peak season
The ability of the management to tackle any natural or manmade disaster
The impact of global cultural evolution on hospitality

These topics are interested in the current scenario. Therefore any input in this regard from the researchers will bring many new ideas, giving the tourism industry more options. However, the factor of hospitality must dominate in every case.

The hospitality dissertations are part of the many courses offered by the institutes. Hence the students have to choose the topic keeping their interest and the instructions of the instructor in mind. The above topics cover a wide range that can be used for writing any hospitality dissertation topics.

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Tourism refers to an activity of taking a break from a busy work life and travelling to different places for amusement or recreation purposes. It has become an important source of economic progress for many countries. Tourism research can help explore factors that contribute to economic progress. Choosing interesting tourism dissertation topics can provide students with the opportunity to recommend tourism development strategies.

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Prime research topics in tourism 2024, tourism marketing and international tourism dissertation topics, best tourism thesis topics, thesis topics in tourism marketing and international tourism, how to draft a good dissertation topic for tourism and hospitality management dissertation.

A good topic is crucial for a quality dissertation and a high score in the tourism module. To find a topic for your research, explore your interests and look for related literature online or discuss with your supervisor. You can also review the list provided above.

Here, are some listed research topics for tourism industry that will help you select a topic that meets your tourism research interests;

Dissertation topics in tourism management
Travel and tourism dissertation topics
Eco-tourism dissertation topics
Tourism marketing dissertation topics

Choosing an interesting and relevant topic in tourism can lead to a high score in the tourism dissertation module.

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Crisis management research (1985–2020) in the hospitality and tourism industry: A review and research agenda

Associated data.

The global tourism industry has already suffered an enormous loss due to COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) in 2020. Crisis management, including disaster management and risk management, has been becoming a hot topic for organisations in the hospitality and tourism industry. This study aims to investigate relevant research domains in the hospitality and tourism industry context. To understand how crisis management practices have been adopted in the industry, the authors reviewed 512 articles including 79 papers on COVID-19, spanning 36 years, between 1985 and 2020. The findings showed that the research focus of crisis management, crisis impact and recovery, as well as risk management, risk perception and disaster management dominated mainstream crisis management research. Look back the past decade (2010 to present), health-related crisis (including COVID-19), social media, political disturbances and terrorism themes are the biggest trends. This paper proposed a new conceptual framework for future research agenda of crisis management in the hospitality and tourism industry. Besides, ten possible further research areas were also suggested in a TCM (theory-context-method) model: the theories of crisis prevention and preparedness, risk communication, crisis management education and training, risk assessment, and crisis events in the contexts of COVID-19, data privacy in hospitality and tourism, political-related crisis events, digital media, and alternative analytical methods and approaches. In addition, specific research questions in these future research areas were also presented in this paper.

1. Introduction

A crisis is defined as ‘an unpredictable event that threatens important expectancies of stakeholders related to health, safety, environmental, and economic issues, which can seriously impact an organisation's performance and generate negative comments' ( Coombs, 2019 , p. 3). Today's hospitality and tourism industry is sensitive to various external and internal challenges and crises ( Fink, 1986 ; Henderson, 2003 ; Laws et al., 2005 ; McKercher & Hui, 2004 ). According to McKercher and Hui (2004 , p.101), crises ‘disrupt the tourism and hospitality industry on a regular basis’. The reduction of tourist arrivals and expenditures due to the crises hits the industry and its related stakeholders; and creates vulnerability. Different service providers (consisting of those pertaining to accommodation, transportation, inbound and outbound tourism, and others) may have to suffer for a short or longer period of time before full recovery. Moreover, pressures from competitors also worsened the situations for certain organisations due to the change in comparative and competitive advantages ( Wut, 2019 ). Only a few studies in crisis management were conducted in the early years, and most of them related to crisis impacts on tourism industry ( Blake & Sinclair, 2003 ). Fortunately, a growing body of crisis management studies in the hospitality and tourism industry has emerged over the past decade.

The scope of crisis management includes crisis prevention, crisis preparedness, crisis response and crisis revision ( Hoise & Smith, 2004 ). Detecting any warning signs is an important task in crisis prevention. Crisis preparedness usually involves forming crisis management teams, formulating crisis preparedness plans and training spokespersons. Organisation response is usually under the spotlight. The mechanism by which we learn from a crisis is a central topic under crisis revision ( Crandall et al., 2014 ). Unfortunately, crisis management received insufficient attention in the hospitality and tourism research for decades ( Pforr & Hosie, 2008 ). This research stream started with natural disaster management, terrorism and disease management ( Laws et al., 2005 ). Recently, information technology has been heavily used in the business and tourism sectors ( Buhalis & Law, 2008 ; Navio-Marco et al., 2018 ). Social media is becoming an emerging research focus that triggers new thoughts on crisis management in the contemporary world ( Zeng & Gerritsen, 2014 ). Data security and privacy over confidential company information and customer personal information are the main concerns. Nowadays, given the global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic downturn faced by many countries, crisis management has again attracted organisational and research attention ( Qiu et al., 2020a , b ; Gössling et al., 2020 ).

Crisis management also involves risk management, as crisis happens when risk is not managed properly and effectively. For instance, if tourism providers do not pay attention to risk management may put the lives of the tourists at risk. According to Dorfman and Cather (2013) , risk is the possibility of harm or possible loss. Risk refers to the fluctuation in neutral or negative outcomes that result from an uncertain event on the basis of probability. Risk management is a process in which an organisation identifies and manages its exposures to risk to match its strategic goals. The scope includes goals setting, risk identification, risk measurement, handling of risk and implementation techniques, and effectiveness of monitoring ( Dorfman & Cather, 2013 ).

Crises in extreme scales with catastrophic consequences can be disasters. Disasters normally refer to events that an organisation cannot control, like natural disasters. Possible disaster events include terrorism, floods, hurricanes and earthquakes. The term ‘crisis’ has a broad meaning that includes events involving technical or human mistakes as well as disasters ( Coombs, 2019 ; Faulkner, 2001 ). Thus, crisis management in this study covers both risk management and disaster management.

Several review papers on crisis management and recovery are available. Mair et al. (2016) conducted a review on post-crisis recovery with 64 articles published between 2000 and 2012. A short summary on tourism crisis and disaster was also published ( Aliperti et al., 2019 ). Ritchie and Jiang (2019) reviewed 142 papers on tourism crisis and disaster management; and identified three areas including crisis preparedness and planning; crisis response and recovery; and crisis resolution and reflection. It was found that the papers, including the framework testing, lack conceptual and theoretical foundation, which exhibited unbalanced research themes ( Ritchie & Jiang, 2019 ). A bibliometric study of citation networks was conducted by other researchers but only on the crisis and disaster management topic ( Jiang, Ritchie, & Verreynne, 2019 ). The most recent one was focused on diseases ( Chen, Law, & Zhang, 2020 ). The afore-said review articles followed the traditional classification of the three-stage crisis management model (pre-crisis, crisis event and post-crisis) ( Richardson, 1994 ). A clear research gap exists in the review literature in terms of the kind of crisis management, risk management and disaster management research that has been conducted in the hospitality and tourism fields, especially in the digital era; and such research need becomes significant due to the spread of COVID-19. This current review paper considers risk management and disaster management as part of crisis management. This review scope is much wider than those of past review papers. Furthermore, past literature review emphasised only the research published in top academic journals. Zanfardini et al. (2016) concluded that analyses of literature should not be confined to the highest impact journals because crisis management is an interdisciplinary subject; and the related articles might not necessarily appear only in the top journals. Thus, surveying also the lower impact journals would be useful, and this study would also shed light on those works.

This study aims to systematically examine and evaluate the literature of crisis management in the hospitality and tourism industry. As the research areas emerge, more papers were recorded in the last decade. It is expected that many research papers on topics relating to the COVID-19 crises will be produced shortly in the near future. The major themes and future research opportunities and agenda will be identified after a thematic content analysis of related peer-reviewed journal articles.

This study seeks to address the following questions:

1) What are the main themes of the crisis management literature in the hospitality and tourism industry?
2) What is the future research agenda regarding the hospitality and tourism industry and crisis management?

2. Methodology

This systematic literature review adopted steps suggested by Liberati et al. (2009) for the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA): 1) related articles were identified through databases and other sources, 2) records were obtained after the duplicates were removed, 3) the records were screened, 4) full-text papers were assessed for eligibility and 5) the studies were included in the qualitative synthesis ( Liberati et al., 2009 ).

We targeted our literature search on electronic databases for peer-reviewed journal articles that focused on crisis management in the hospitality and tourism industry and from journals published since 1980. The search included numerous academic platforms consisting of the ABI/Inform, Academic Research Premier (via EBSCO host), Business Source Complete (via EBSCO host), Web of Science and Scopus databases to capture academic journal papers with the captioned topic. This approach was considered suitable for a literature review analysis centred on a subject that has undoubtedly been researched from a multi-disciplinary perspective ( Wut et al., 2021 ). Literature search was organised around eight keywords consisting of ‘tourism’, ‘hospitality’, ‘crisis’, ‘crisis management’, ‘risk’, ‘risk management’, ‘disaster’ and ‘disaster management’. Papers retained for subsequent analyses met the following criteria:

(i) Published in peer-reviewed journals since 1980;
(ii) Published in the English language;
(iii) Involves the field of business, management and accounting;
(iv) Seeks to study crisis management, including risk management and disaster management, in the tourism and hospitality industry;
(v) Comprise studies presenting primary or secondary research data published as full length papers or short reports;
(vi) Removal of duplicate papers from database findings (Same paper generated from different platforms).

In total, 1168 papers were generated from the literature search which involves different combinations of the aforementioned keywords. The earliest article was published in 1985. Overall, the selected articles were published between 1985 and 2020. Figures for 2020 are incomplete and given here for reference only. Authors assessed the full-text papers retrieved for inclusion in this review.

The titles, abstracts and full texts of the papers were reviewed and examined ( Wut et al., 2021 ). Two coders were involved in the process to avoid subjective bias judgement from a single coder ( Neuendorf, 2002 ). Discussions between coders were arranged to resolve the discrepancy ( Krippendorff, 2013 ). After initial screening, 534 papers meeting the above criteria were selected. A subsequent step involved checking if the research questions of this study can be answered through analysing the papers in the database. A total of 22 papers were dropped as they could not answer one of the research questions. The final analysis involved 512 papers for subsequent descriptive analyses in various aspects like the number of authors, the first author's nationality and study locations. Papers involving more than one study location were classified under Global. Attention was paid to the themes of journals under the category of tourism, hospitality and others as business-related journals. Publications that covered both tourism and hospitality were classified under hospitality. We also identified the key topics of each article. These items were used for statistical analysis to identify longitudinal trends of research themes. The papers were categorised under various hospitality and tourism industry sectors, including tour operators/travel agencies, hotels, airlines, restaurants and ocean cruising industry. They were then assigned to one of the six crisis types: political events, terrorism, health issues, financial crisis, natural disasters and human errors. The research foci of the articles were subsequently ascertained and summarised. The identification process was completed by content analysis for which an inductive approach was adopted. If any doubt regarding classification emerged for a particular paper, a new category was devised for that paper to minimise ambiguity ( Eisenhardt, 1989 ). When more than one topic was discussed in a paper (for example, crisis prevention and crisis preparedness), the paper was classified under the category of crisis management (multiple topics). Thus, 10 specific research topics were obtained for a general crisis management area: crisis management (multiple topics), crisis impact, crisis recovery, crisis resilience, crisis communication, crisis response, crisis event (description), crisis preparedness, crisis prevention and crisis management (organisational) learning. Four research topics were identified for a general risk management area: risk management (multiple topics), risk perception, risk assessment and risk communication. Finally, three research topics were found for a general disaster management area: disaster management (multiple topics), disaster event (description) and disaster recovery. COVID-19 was categorised as a separate topic, as the related articles covered the areas in both crisis and risk management.

3. Findings

3.1. journals, authors and study locations.

The results indicated that 308 (60.2%) of the papers came from 10 journals; and 204 papers were come from other journals. Among these 10 journals, Tourism Management published 85 papers; Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing published 44 papers, International Journal of Hospitality Management had 34 papers and Current Issues in Tourism had 33 papers. Annuals of Tourism Research published 26 papers, and Journal of Travel Research secured 25 papers. The publications were highly ranked according to the Scimago Journal and Country Ranking (SRJ). In the last decade, all these journals except for the Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing published more papers than before ( Table 1 ). Furthermore, other high ranking journals were included in the ‘Others’ category, including the Journal of Vacation Marketing with two papers. One paper appeared in the Public Relation Review, a top Journal in the field of public relations. Another paper was from the Journal of World Business, a first quarter journal according to the SRJ. Three other papers appeared in Asia Pacific Business Review, a second quarter journal according to the SRJ. Thus, crisis management has been considered a hot research topic by the scholars and high ranking academic journals in the hospitality and tourism field.

List of tourism and hospitality journals (N = 512).

	1985–1996	1997–2008	2009–2020	Total
1. Tourism Management	3	19	63	85
2. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing	1	33	10	44
3. International Journal of Hospitality Management	2	4	28	34
4. Current Issues in Tourism	0	10	23	33
5. Annals of Tourism Research	0	4	22	26
6. Journal of Travel Research	0	9	16	25
7. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management	0	1	16	17
8. Journal of Sustainable Tourism	0	1	15	16
9. International Journal of Tourism Research	0	4	11	15
10. Tourism Geographies	0	0	13	13
11. Others	2	30	172	204

As a whole, tourism-focused journals were comparatively favoured (286 papers) to hospitality (74 papers) or other (152 papers) journals on the crisis management topic and related research objectives. Among the tourism-focused journals, Tourism Management has been the dominant outlet. The number of papers increased by three times over the last decade. Among the hospitality journals, International Journal of Hospitality Management (34 papers) has been the most popular.

Regarding authorship, two authors collaboration (157 papers, 30.7%) has been found to be the most common occurrence in these papers. Three-person authorship was also highly adopted (143 papers, 27.9%), followed by single authorship for 129 papers (25.2%). Note that a total of 60 papers had four authors (11.7%), five authors (14 papers, 2.7%), six authors (7 papers, 1.4%), seven authors (1 paper, 0.2%), and eight authors (2 papers, 0.4%). Collaborations among authors are common. The most productive first authors in this field were Joan C. Henderson (9 papers), Bingjie Liu (9 papers), Bruce Prideaux (7 papers) and Brent W. Ritchie (6 papers). The most productive second authors were Lori Pennington-Gray (13 papers), Brent W. Ritchie (9 papers), Mehmet Altinay, Susanne Becken and Hany Kim (4 papers). Henderson comes from Nanyang Technological University and had publications in the early years (from 1999 to 2004). Liu is from the University of Florida. Most of her publications were related to bed bugs and were rather recent (from 2015 to 2016).

Location was studied for the first authors of the papers. The first authors tend to be most interested in the study topics relating to crisis management and may have secured fair level of research experience in this area. Europe (157 papers, 30.7%) had the greatest number of interested scholars who appeared as the first authors. This figure was followed by Asia (132 papers, 25.8%) and Oceania (110 papers, 21.5%). In Europe, the United Kingdom (59 papers) had the most interested scholars in this area. The first authors from Asia were mainly from Mainland China (29 papers), Israel, Singapore, Japan and Taiwan. The other first authors were from Australia (101 papers) and United States (88 papers) ( Table 2 is a short version of this list. An extended version is in the Appendix).

Location of first author (N = 512).

Continent	Frequency	Percentage
Europe	157	30.7
Asia	132	25.8
Oceania	110	21.5
North America	99	19.3
Africa	10	2
Latin America	4	0.8
	512	100

In terms of the research context, Asia was the most studied region (152 papers, 29.7%), followed by Global (109 papers, 21.3%), and then Europe (101 papers, 19.7%). Several disasters occurred in Asia, including the Japan earthquakes in 2011, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 and the Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami in 2004. Many papers took a global or multiple countries approach (109 papers, 21.3%). First authors also tend to conduct research in his or her place-of-residence or nearby locations ( Table 3 ).

Study location (N = 512).

Continent	Frequency	Percentage
Asia	152	29.7
Global	109	21.3
Europe	101	19.7
North America	71	13.9
Oceania	55	10.7
Latin America	13	2.5
Africa	11	2.1
	422	100

An increasing trend emerged throughout the 36 years study period, as shown in Fig. 1 . The number of articles in 2020 is listed for reference and some articles could not be presented due to availability issues. All papers, whether from tourism-focused journals, hospitality journals or journals in the other fields, generally displayed an upward trend ( Fig. 2 ). Almost all top ten English-language academic journals in the tourism and hospitality field witnessed an increasing trend, except for the Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing which experienced a downward trend ( Fig. 3 ). The three periods were identified in the X-axis and spans 36 years. The first period from 1985 to 1996 reflects the start of the discussion about crisis management. Only six papers were published for 12 years. The second period of 1997–2008 involved 115 papers. During this period, most of the papers were published in the Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing and in Tourism Management. The last period of 2009 to present involved 389 papers. Most of the papers were published in Tourism Management. At this period, as many as 63 papers were published in Tourism Management. The number of papers published in Tourism Management is almost the sum of the numbers of the first runner up, and second runner up. ( Table 1 ).

Studies related to crisis management in the tourism and hospitality literature (1985–2020).

Numbers of tourism and hospitality publications in English on crisis management.

Top Ten Journals on crisis management.

3.2. Types of crises in the hospitality and tourism industry

The 512 papers revealed that five business sectors within the hospitality and tourism industry, an outcome which mirrored the findings of Wut et al. (2021) who performed a systematic review on corporate social responsibility research in the hospitality and tourism industry. The most commonly investigated industry sectors comprised tour operators/travel agencies, hotel operators, airlines, restaurants and ocean cruising sectors. Their crises types are summarised below for illustration purposes ( Table 4 ):

Typology of crisis types in hospitality and tourism industry (Source: authors).

Business type	Crisis Types	Context	Sources
Tour operator/travel agencies	Political events	Occupy Central
	Terrorism	9/11
	Health issues	Ebola
		SARS
		Food-and-mouth disease
	Financial crisis	Turkey
	Natural disasters	Tsunami
Hotel operators	Natural disasters	Typhoons
	Political events	Refugee
	Human error-services	Bed bugs
		Complaints on social media
		Data security
Airline industry	Natural disasters	Typhoons
Airline industry	Human error-Air plane crash	Singapore Airlines
Restaurant industry Ocean cruising Industry	Health issues	SARS
	Health issues	Food safety	;
	Human error - services	Complaints on social media

Crisis types were previously organised under the three categories of natural disasters, technical error accidents and human error accidents, depending on the level of organisational responsibility. Limited organisational responsibility is clearly involved for natural disasters because those events are usually beyond operational control ( Coombs, 2019 ). Only reactive strategies can be developed to minimise loss. A low level of organisational responsibility occurs on technical error accidents as the organisation can hardly do much about technical errors. However, organisations should bear the main responsibility for preventable crises as they involve human errors ( Coombs, 2019 ). Natural disasters are the most common type, and the other two are mainly related to complaints on social media.

3.3. Methodological design of previous research

Almost half of the studies adopted quantitative research methods (215 studies, 42%). Approximately 34% of the papers relied on qualitative research methods (174 studies). Only 24 studies (4.7%) integrated both qualitative and quantitative research methods. And there also appeared 99 conceptual papers. In terms of research design, exploratory design (qualitative) dominated (159 studies, 31.1%). Most researchers used in-depth interview and focus group in exploratory design. This research design is followed by adopting primary data from surveys (139 studies, 27.1%) and using secondary data and databases (74 studies, 14.5%). For the statistical and analytical methods of research, the main method was identified for each paper. Most qualitative studies relied on case studies (85 studies, 16.6%) and content analysis (81 studies, 15.8%). Descriptive analysis (54 studies, 10.5%) and regression analysis (40 studies, 7.8%) were primarily used in the quantitative studies. When appeared more than one method of analysis was utilised (for example, both descriptive and regression analysis), only the most complex method was counted (in this case, regression analysis) ( Table 5 ).

Analysis by research methodology (N = 512).

Type/design	Frequency	Percentage (%)

Quantitative	215	42
Qualitative	174	34
Conceptual	99	19.3
Mixed method (Quantitative + Qualitative)	24	4.7

Exploratory design (qualitative)	159	31.1
Survey	139	27.1
Conceptual/Others	116	22.7
Secondary data	74	14.5
Mixed method	24	4.7

Case study	85	16.6
Content analysis	81	15.8
Descriptive analysis	54	10.5
Regression analysis	40	7.8
Structural equation modelling	30	5.9
Mixed	22	4.3
Factor analysis	16	3.1
Analysis of Variance	13	2.5
Time Series	13	2.5
Correlation analysis	8	1.6
Chi-square test	6	1.2
Cluster analysis	6	1.2
T-test/Mann-Whitney test	5	1.0
Qualitative comparative analysis	3	0.6
Conjoint analysis	1	0.2
	129	25.2
	512	100

3.4. Traditional Research focus

The research themes in the literature were organised in such manner: Papers with a specific topic of crisis management, risk management or disaster management were grouped under the category carrying the name of the focal topic, such as crisis impact, crisis recovery and risk perception. Papers on crisis management in general ( Beirman, 2001 ) or focusing on crisis management in relation to other topics, for example, brand management ( Balakrishnan, 2011 ), or those on more than one topic of crisis management such as crisis preparedness and organisational learning ( Anderson, 2006 ) were all included under a category named “Crisis management/with multiple topics”. Similar logic was applied to the “Risk management/with multiple topics” category, which included papers embracing risk management in general ( Angel et al., 2018 ) or multiple topics regarding risk identification, the influential factors and related risk management practices ( Chen, 2013 ). This logic was further applied to the “Disaster management/with multiple topics” category. Another category refers to COVID-19, which has been a hot topic since last year. All the COVID-19 papers that concerned about crisis and/or crisis management were put under this separate category. Such arrangement could help summarise the focuses and trends of COVID-19 research and facilitate the researchers who may have continuing interests to explore further in future years. Lastly, the remaining papers hardly put into previous categories were put under the category of others. As a result of adopting the above rationale in papers classification, among the reviewed studies, 16% (82 papers) were related to crisis management/with multiple topics and 15.4% (79 papers) related to COVID-19. These two primary categories were found in terms of the number of papers collected ( Table 6 ). Risk management/with multiple topics is the second runner-up with 13.7% (70 papers). Risk perception was found with 44 papers (8.6%). Crisis impacts involved 32 studies (6.3%), and crisis recovery was examined in 31 studies (6.1%). Further, fairly sufficient, 21 papers focused on crisis resilience (4.1%), 18 papers investigated crisis communication (3.5%) and 15 papers examined crisis response (2.9%). Disaster management/with multiple topics was studied by 20 papers (3.9%), and disaster recovery was investigated in 16 papers (3.1%). The areas worthy of significant note have collected even less than 10 papers in the study period, inclusive of crisis preparedness and prevention, learning, risk assessment and communication ( Table 6 ).

Crisis management research focus (N = 512).

Key topics	Frequency	Percentage	Sources
Crisis management/with multiple topics	82	16	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
COVID-19	79	15.4	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Crisis impact	32	6.3	; ; ; ; ; ; ; , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; U & ; ; ( ); ; ; ;
Crisis recovery	31	6.1	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Crisis resilience	21	4.1	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Crisis communication	18	3.5	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Crisis response	15	2.9	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Crisis event (description)	10	2.0	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Crisis preparedness	9	1.8	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Crisis prevention	7	1.4	; ; ; ; ; ;
Crisis management (Organisational) learning	2	0.4	;
Risk management/with multiple topics	70	13.7	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Risk perception	44	8.6	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Risk assessment	9	1.8	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Risk communication	1	0.2
Disaster management/with multiple topics	20	3.9	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Disaster recovery	16	3.1	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Disaster event (description)	11	2.1	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Others	35	6.8	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

The most explored research foci in the study period included crisis management/with multiple topics, risk management/with multiple topics, and disaster management (event). Crisis impact and crisis recovery, as well as risk perception also involved more than 30 papers respectively, that can represent the traditional focus of crisis management research at the theoretical level. The COVID-19 theme has more than 70 papers published (N = 79) in 2020, which surprisingly made it as one of the top ranking research themes in the summary. Its discussion will be presented in the next section involving the emerging research themes over the last decade (2010 to present).

3.4.1. Crisis management/with multiple topics

Crisis management has attracted academic attention for the entire study period. Anticipating crises and responding to them accordingly is crucial ( Henderson, 1999a ). A crisis or disaster management framework based on the model by Fink (1986) was proposed. Six elements of responses were suggested: precursors, mobilisation, action, recovery, reconstruction and re-assessment, and review. Risk assessment and disaster contingency plans were provided ( Faulkner, 2001 ). The crisis management framework of Ritchie (2004) follows the prescriptive model Richardson (1994) applied on the tourism industry: pre-crisis; crisis event and post crisis. This ‘one size fits all’ approach might cater to all sudden events ( Speakman & Sharpley, 2012 ).

By contrast, chaos theory assumes a random, complex and dynamic situation. That theory was used to explain the Mexican H1N1 crisis. Companies in the tourism industry operate in a relatively stable situation but are subject to unexpected attacks. The trigger case in Mexico is an outbreak of the H1N1 disease ( Coles, 2004 ; Speakman & Sharpley, 2012 ).

Co-management's characteristics ‘have been identified in the literature: (1) pluralism, (2) communication/negotiation, (3) transactive decision-making, (4) social learning, and (5) shared action/commitment’ ( Pennington-Gray et al., 2014a , 3). That management refers to combining resources from various stakeholders in the community for crisis management ( Pennington-Gray et al., 2014a ).

Researchers neglected crisis preparation and organisational learning in the tourism industry ( Clements, 1998 ; Cheung & Law, 2006 ; Anderson, 2006 ). In practice, large companies do have crisis management plans, unlike small business and tourism operators ( Cushnahan, 2004 ; Gruman et al., 2011 ).

3.4.2. Crisis impact

The Asian financial crisis and global economic crisis of 2008/09 affected the tourism industry ( Boukas & Ziakas, 2013 ; Henderson, 1999c ; Jones et al., 2011 ). In these events, people generally lost their spending power. If a host country suffers from a domestic crisis, then it usually attracts more visitors from other countries because of devaluation of the host country's currency ( Khalid et al., 2020 ). The lower demand for local tourism is counter-balanced by the arrival of more international tourists.

Usually, crisis impact could be measured by the drop of the number of inbound or outbound tourists and the spending of visitors ( Jin et al., 2019 ; Khalid et al., 2020 ; Wang, 2009 ). In turn, the impact would be reflected by economic indicators, such as the unemployment rate of the tourism industry ( Blake & Sinclair, 2003 ). People must also be convinced that everything is back to normal before they travel again.

The studies concentrated on sales loss and the drop in customers ( Jones et al., 2011 ; Liu, 2014 ). Financial ratio analysis is more objective but usually cannot capture instant impacts. Few investigations employed stock price to measure the effect of crises. Abnormal returns were a good indicator of the future earnings of a listed company ( Seo et al., 2014 ). Another dimension is the emotional aspect. Anger and outrage are emotional responses from customers. These reactions produce intangible effect on corporations ( Coombs & Holladay, 2010 ).

Aside from the economic impact, environmental and social cultural impacts must also be considered. For instance, the natural environment is vulnerable to disaster risks. Pollution problems could also affect the image of a city such as Beijing ( Tsai et al., 2016 ). From a social cultural perspective, local culture should be protected and revived.

3.4.3. Crisis recovery

The process wherein tourism operators' attempt to return to normal business and achieves good economic performance after a crisis is called crisis recovery ( Coombs, 2019 ). Various crisis recovery approaches were proposed. Restoration of confidence, media role, other stakeholder support and speed of the response are critical success factors for crisis recovery ( de Sausmarez, 2007a ). Analysis of the crisis, audience and place must be conducted before formulating a media strategy. The message source, target audience and the message itself are essential features for designing the media strategy in attempt to repair the image of the place ( Avraham & Ketter, 2017 ). In summary, image recovery is vital ( Ryu et al., 2013 ).

Other than media strategy, turnaround strategies usually entail increasing income and decreasing cost ( Campiranon & Scott, 2014 ). Price discount appears to be a common recovery strategy applied in the hospitality and tourism industry ( Kim et al., 2019 ; Okuyama, 2018 ).

A marketing program is a usual tactic in crisis recovery ( Carlsen & Hughes, 2008 ; Chacko & Marcell, 2008 ; Ladkin et al., 2008 ). Celebrity endorsement was also one of the best ways for implementing recovery marketing plans. Marketing campaigns should be continued after a crisis ( Walters & Mair, 2012 ). Some researchers expressed reservations about marketing programs. They instead prefer a demarketing approach if the place was seriously damaged and remains unsafe for visitors ( Orchiston & Higham, 2016 ).

3.4.4. Risk management/with multiple topics

Risk management is important for business operations ( Bharwani & Mathews, 2012 ). However, different companies may present different levels of risk appetite in terms of their willingness to manage risks ( Zhang, Paraskevas, & Altinay, 2019 ). The main types of business risks include operating risks, strategic risks and financial risks ( Harland et al., 2003 ). Financial risks can be categorised as systematic (common to whole economy) and unsystematic risks (firm-specific) ( Chen, 2013 ). According to Oroian and Gheres (2012) , all internal risks (e.g. organisational risks) and external risks (e.g. nature, competitiveness, economic, political and infrastructure risks) should be considered. Chang et al. (2019) found that financial risks, competing risks and supply chain risks may be classified as high priority by the travel industry.

Given the nature of the industry, hospitality and tourism companies may possibly face more particular environmental risks ( Böhm & Pfister, 2011 ; Cunliffe, 2004 ; Hillman, 2019 ), such as the weather conditions and climate change ( Ballotta et al., 2020 ; Bentley et al., 2010 ; Córdoba Azcárate, 2019 ; de Urioste-Stone, 2016 ; Hopkins & Maclean, 2014 ; Steiger et al., 2019 ; Tang & Jang, 2011 ), which will result in financial risks ( Franzoni & Pelizzari, 2019b ) and other types of business risks for companies.

Regarding risk management and practices, various risk mitigation and reduction strategies have been studied. Loehr (2020) proposed a Tourism Adaptation System for this purpose. Portfolio analysis was adopted for risk reduction and management in the industry ( Minato & Morimoto, 2011 ; Tan et al., 2017 ). The scenario planning approach was also employed by Orchiston (2012) for risk forecasting. Safety and security measures, through security checkpoints, security systems and procedures, are of vital importance in operational strategies ( Daniels et al., 2013 ; Peter et al., 2014 ). However, Rantala and Valkonen (2011) argued that safety issues in the hospitality and tourism industry are complex because of the infrastructure and technology, lack of experiences for customers and employees, and the safety culture in the industry. Vij (2019) examined the views of senior managers in the hospitality industry and highlighted the urgent safety need regarding cyberspace and data privacy. Stakeholder collaboration might be also considered for sharing the responsibility in risk management ( Gstaettner et al., 2019 ). As for the aspect of risk transfer, insurance contracts ( Dayour et al., 2020 ; Franzoni & Pelizzari, 2019a ) is a traditional focus for mitigating the negative impacts through transferring the risks to third parties. Nevertheless, that approach was not a common practice in the industry ( Waikar et al., 2016 ).

3.4.5. Risk perception

This work found that many risk perception-focused studies were conducted in the tourism context. Mass tourists are generally risk adverse in unfamiliar surroundings. The risks related to health, crime, accident, environment and disasters greatly affect the tourists' decision-making ( Carballo et al., 2017 ; George, 2010 ; Hunter-Jones, 2008 ). Some studies categorised those risks into physical, financial, psychological and health risks ( Jalilvand & Samiei, 2012 ; Sohn & Yoon, 2016 ). According to Carballo et al. (2017) , some risks for tourists can be controllable (e.g. illness and sunburn), whereas others are not.

The causes leading to the risk perceptions of tourists included demographic (e.g. age and nationality) and individual trip-related characteristics (e.g. visit purpose and frequency of travel) ( George, 2010 ; Jalilvand & Samiei, 2012 ), past experiences ( Schroeder, Pennington-Gray, Donohoe, & Kiousis, 2013 ), marketing communications ( Lepp et al., 2011 ; Liu-Lastres et al., 2020 ), media effects ( Kapuściński & Richards, 2016 ; Rashid & Robinson, 2010 ), mega-events, such as the FIFA World Cup) ( Lepp & Gibson, 2011 ) or Olympic Games ( Schroeder, Pennington-Gray, Donohoe, & Kiousis, 2013 ), as well as the destination risk management measures ( Toohey et al., 2003 ). Different directions of research or research findings were noted. Rashid and Robinson (2010) believed that the media effects exaggerated the risk perceptions. Kapuściński and Richards (2016) found that the media could either amplify or attenuate risk perceptions. George (2010) and Jalilvand and Samiei (2012) tended to compare the tourists' gender, age and trip-related characteristics for risk perception, but the latter study found more obvious difference among the groups.

Risk perceptions were also found to negatively impact various constructs. However, the dependent variables were overwhelmingly concentrated on destination image ( Chew & Jahari, 2014 ; Lepp et al., 2011 ; Liu-Lastres et al., 2020 ; Sohn & Yoon, 2016 ) and revisit intention ( Chew & Jahari, 2014 ; George, 2010 ; Zhang, Xie, et al., 2020 ). Other outcomes of risk perception, such as tourist hesitation ( Wong & Yeh, 2009 ), destination attitude ( Zhang, Hou, & Li, 2020 ), satisfaction and trust ( Wu et al., 2019 ), emotion ( Yüksel & Yüksel, 2007 ), recommendation to others ( George, 2010 ), decision-making process ( Taher et al., 2015 ) and travel behaviour modification ( Thapa et al., 2013 ), were also investigated.

Note that tourists may be motivated by risk-taking behaviours ( Cater, 2006 ; Chang, 2009 ). These tourists possibly favour novelty and adventurous tourism activities. Examples of risk-taking contexts in the hospitality and tourism industry include gaming ( Chang, 2009 ), mountain climbing ( George, 2010 ; Probstl-Haider et al., 2016 ) and other adventurous activities ( Cater, 2006 ). Pröbstl-Haider et al. (2016) indicated that the risk-taking behaviour may be attributed to the tourists' experience, participation frequency and commitment, their risk perceptions and the individual trade-off of risks.

3.4.6. Disaster management/disaster event (description)

This study consolidated disaster management and disaster event (description) into one generic category for subsequently summary and discussions. Following previous classical literature on disaster management ( Faulkner, 2001 ; Prideaux et al., 2003 ), disasters can be considered as unpredictable or unprecedented crisis situations with great complexity and gravity. Ritchie (2008) summarised the many natural disasters frequently studied in tourism literature as comprising hurricanes, flooding and tsunami, earthquake, biosecurity and diseases (e.g. foot and mouth disease and SARS). Huan et al. (2004) dubbed these incidents as ‘no-escape’ disasters.

As a result of the disasters, tourist fatalities may occur while the destination and business facilities are severely devastated ( Cohen, 2009 ). Different hospitality and tourism sectors may experience remarkably varied challenges ( Henderson, 2007 ). Previous literature also recorded a comparison across disasters for certain destinations ( Prideaux, 2003 ) or for the investigation of disasters across different destinations ( Bhati et al., 2016 ). Many studies focused on business and destination resilience ( Bhaskara et al., 2020 ; Bhati et al., 2016 ; Filimonau & De Coteau, 2020 ; Ghaderi et al., 2015 ; Lew, 2014 ). Hospitality and tourism business normally react without warning, deal with existing staff, reduce salaries over the short-term and consider rebuilding tourist confidence over the long-term ( Henderson, 2005 ). Filimonau and De Coteau (2020) emphasised that the destinations studied fail to react effectively. Ghaderi et al. (2015) found that the primate enterprises lacked knowledge and analysis of disasters to prepare for the future.

Faulkner (2001) presented a tourism disaster management framework that incorporated six stages: pre-event, prodromal, emergency, intermediate, long-term recovery and resolution. He suggested destination marketing and communications, risk assessment, disaster management teaming and disaster contingency plans as examples of management strategies. This seminal model was applied for different disaster case studies ( Faulkner & Vikulov, 2001 ; Miller & Ritchie, 2003 ). Walters and Clulow (2010) examined previous literature and indicated that disaster-recovery marketing may be ineffective for areas affected by disasters. By contrast, Biran et al. (2014) argued that even disaster attributes can possibly motivate certain future tourists.

4. Discussion on emerging research themes from 2010 to present

In Fig. 1 , the Y-axis showcases the number of publications that studied crisis management in the hospitality and tourism industry. The X-axis records the years. Obviously, an increasing trend occurred for the relevant publications over the past 36 years. Five distinct peaks were identified in these publication waves: the years 1999, 2008, 2013, 2017 and 2020. Publishing an academic paper usually takes two to three years from the start of an initial idea. In many cases, researchers can only observe impacts and report their findings several years after a crisis event, for example, during the Asian financial crisis in 1997 and the wars in 1990s (including the Gulf War, 1990–91; Croatian War, 1991–95; Bosnian War, 1992–95 and the Afghan War, 1990–2001). Studies published in 1999 mainly involved the financial crisis and the terrorism at that time. However, the papers recorded in 2008 included the impacts of the 9/11 terrorist attack in 2001. Papers in the year 2013 were mostly related to the financial crisis which dated back to 2007 and 2008. Papers with political topics were published in 2017/18. Many COVID-19 papers were published in 2020. Four major themes emerged in the last decade (year 2010-present), namely the health-related crisis, social media, political disturbance and terrorism crises ( Table 7 ).

Research areas for crisis management studies in last decade (Year 2010 to Present).

Theme	Focus Areas	Sectors	Sources
Health-related	Crisis impacts and tourist decisions	All sectors	; ;
Health-related	Crisis impacts and tourist decisions	All sectors	COVID-19 papers refer to
Social media	Use of social media in crisis management	All sectors and stakeholders	; .
Political disturbance	Yellow vest movement (Paris)/Occupy central (Hong Kong)/Occupy airports (Thailand)	All sectors	; ; ;
Terrorism	Brand image	Hotel industry	; ;

4.1. Health-related crisis (including COVID-19)

The 2006 Avian Flu, Year, and the 2003 SARS, the 2001 Foot and Mouth disease are notable health-related crisis events that impacted the hospitality and tourism industry ( Baxter & Bowen, 2004 ; Chien & Law, 2003 ; Page et al., 2006 ; Tew et al., 2008 ). Further, 284,00 deaths were recorded in the 2009 Swine flu. Tourism loss was US$2.8 billion ( Rassy & Smith, 2013 ). Recent case of health-related crisis event is the Ebola outbreak in 2014 and 2015. The outbreak affected the Africa tourism industry by 5% revenue reduction in year 2015 ( Novelli et al., 2018 ). Lyme disease was studied from the perspective of tourism management ( Donohoe et al., 2015 ). The impact of Zika outbreak for 2016 in Latin America and the Caribbean caused losses of US$3.5 billion in tourism industry; and no vaccine is available ( World Bank, 2016 ). In the same year, the global outbreak of Dengue fever led to even severe economic impact of US$8.9 billion ( Shepard et al., 2016 ). The recent global outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 is undeniably a vastly emerging research focus. An overview of health-related events has been presented by Hall et al. (2020) .

Large number of papers in COVID-19 has been published within a short period of time. Most of the papers tended to study the impacts of COVID-19 in hospitality and tourism industry ( Bulin & Tenie, 2020 ; Jaipuria et al., 2020 ; Knight et al., 2020 ; Qiu et al., 2020a , b ; Seraphin, 2020 ; Uğur & Akbıyık, 2020 ), some of which focused on particularly the hotel industry ( Bajrami et al., 2020 ; Vo-Thanh et al., 2020 ). Besides, some provided directions for recovery ( Yeh, 2020 ). For instance, using a private dining room or table could be one of the solutions in restaurant industry ( Kim & Lee, 2020 ). Resilience is another topic of discussion ( Butler, 2020 ). Rittichainuwat et al. (2020) found that the Thai hospitality, bleisure (business and leisure) and international standard venues are key factors for resilience of the exhibition industry. For tourism industry, travel after pandemic is arguably associated with protection motivation and pandemic travel fear ( Zheng et al., 2021 ).. Research topics could be about perceived risk and tourist decision making ( Matiza, 2020 ). In terms of the research methodologies in this research theme, most of the papers appeared to be conceptual papers ( Baum & Hai, 2020 ; Bausch et al., 2020 ; Haywood, 2020 ; Li et al., 2020 ; Zenker & Kock, 2020 ). A few qualitative studies used in-depth interview ( Awan et al., 2020 ; Loi et al., 2020 ) while some others adopted case studies ( Breier et al., 2021 ; Neuburger & Egger, 2020 ). Quantitatively, some relied on online survey ( Karl et al., 2020 ) or telephone survey ( Pappas & Glyptou, 2021 ) due to pandemic constraints.

Without effective crisis management in this regard, the entire hospitality and tourism industry could hardly recover by rebuilding tourists and guests' confidence who suffer from health-related crises, with no exception of COVID-19. According to Coombs (2019) , there are four stages in crisis management: crisis prevention, crisis preparation, crisis response and crisis recovery. The purpose of crisis prevention is to detect warning signals and to stop any possible negative events. Certain disasters cannot be prevented even for early preparation. Crisis management plan needs to list out every step we need to follow when crisis happens. A team can be organised beforehand to carry out some rehearsals regularly. Immediate, transparent and consistency are the basics in preparing crisis response. In post crisis period, people need to learn from the past, including the mistakes made. Business continuity plan guides us to recover from crisis quickly ( Coombs, 2019 ; Fung et al., 2020 ). These should be the basics of lessons for effective crisis management derived from the different health-related crisis events in history and the COVID-19 outbreak as well. All stakeholders should consolidate their knowledge and experiences to better prepare for the future.

4.2. Social media theme

Over the past decade, companies in the hospitality and tourism industry have greater attention to the use of social media in practice. Social media can distribute news over distances within a short period of time. That media could co-ordinate with different stakeholders in crisis events ( Antony & Jacob, 2019 ; Maia & Mariam, 2018 ). Meanwhile, a wide range of stakeholders (i.e. individual customers, governmental bodies, activist groups, rescue teams, consumers' bodies, mass media and others) can take part in management through social media ( Sigala, 2012 ). Zeng and Gerritsen (2014) summarised the social media research in tourism and highlighted clearly (p.34) that ‘giving its mobility and facility for instant interaction, social media can be expected to play a more important role in tourism destination management, particularly in crisis management … ’ Sigala (2012) further revealed that social media can be utilised throughout the different stages of crisis management involving mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. For example, Schroeder and Pennington-Gray (2015) studied the effect of social media in crisis communications. Travellers may possibly refer to feedback from social media in search of related information when a crisis occurs. Instead of discussing crisis impacts on tourism sectors in Hong Kong, researchers attempted to focus on the crisis communication through social media which affects social media users' subsequent attitude ( Luo & Zhai, 2017 ). Social media can also be used in the revision stage to develop resilience and adaptability. Moreover, social media has employed in fundraising events and in creating emotional support after crisis ( Coombs, 2019 ).

4.3. Political disturbances theme

The past decade witnessed a few examples of political disturbances or social movements ( Monterrubio, 2017 ). In Thailand, Cohen (2010) examined the sources of airport occupation. The occupation was a social movement opposed to the Thailand government. The movement changed the safety destination perception of Thailand and affected the tourism industry in the long term ( Cohen, 2010 ). In Hong Kong, the ‘yellow vest’ movement occurred on November 17, 2008. Protesters decided to continue to protest every Saturday. That situation might generate an unsafe image for incoming tourists ( Derr, 2020 ). A political event called Occupy Central in 2014 and 2015 in Hong Kong also requested for the election of a Chief executive. ‘Central’ is a place in Hong Kong that encompasses many important business and government offices. Another social movement involved Hong Kong's anti-extradition law amendment bill in 2019. These occurrences strongly impact the peaceful image of Hong Kong.

4.4. Terrorism theme

Unquestionably, the hospitality and tourism industry is vulnerable to terrorism. Tourists might possibly switch to other travel destinations because of perceived terrorist threats to their intended destination ( Sönmez et al., 1999 ; Walters et al., 2019 ). Terrorism has become a popular theme of research since 2001, when the terrorist attack of historic significance occurred on 11 September in the U.S. ( Evans & Elphick, 2005 ; O'Connor et al., 2008 ; Taylor, 2006 ; Yu et al., 2005 ). |Another example involves the targeting of Bali tourists by Al Qaeda in 2002 ( Xu & Grunewald, 2009 ).

Some terrorism-related studies from past decade focused on the hotel industry. One research indicated that terrorism affects the brand image of a local hotel if an attack from terrorists occurs on the destination. Thus, protecting the brand equity is an effective strategy ( Balakrishnan, 2011 ). Another paper compared the impacts of 9/11 on hotel room demand to those during the financial crisis of 2008 ( Kubickova et al., 2019 ). Stahura et al. (2012) emphasised that crisis management planning is essential when the industry confronts potential crisis from terrorist attacks.

5. Research opportunities

Following a systematic analysis of traditional research focuses over the 36 years and emerging research themes over the last decade, a new conceptual framework was presented in Fig. 4 to highlight the proposed future research directions of crisis management in the hospitality and tourism industry. Further research areas were identified using a TCM (Theory-Context-Method) model ( Paul et al., 2017 ) presented in three layers.

Conceptual framework for future research of crisis management in hospitality and tourism industry.

The outer layer related to the crisis management at the theory level. Traditional research foci at the theoretical level appear to include crisis management/with multiple topics, crisis impact, crisis recovery, risk management/with multiple topics and risk perception and disaster management. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to crisis management education and training, a feature which was rather regarded as the most effective method of crisis management in the long run for the tourism industry ( Henderson, 1999a ). The literature review also entailed relatively less academic attention to crisis prevention and preparedness, risk assessment and risk communication. In the second inner layer, proposed contexts of crisis management research were presented. The health-related crisis events including COVID-19, data privacy, digital media, political-related crisis events as well as other less explored contexts are suggested for the future research of crisis management in the hospitality and tourism industry. It should be noted further that the health-related, data privacy and political-related crisis events are also related to the digital media area. This situation indicates that the transmission of crisis information is rather faster than ever before through digital media, so that management of various crises should be examined in this era of digital media. Meanwhile, the less explored industry sectors and contexts should be studied. The core and the inner layer suggest adopting new analytical research methods for designing various research and analysing related data. The following will detail the proposed future research areas and identify specific research questions for the benefit of future researchers ( Table 8 ).

100 specific future research questions in the ten future areas.

Recent Findings	Specific Questions Unanswered in the Existing Literature	Specific Questions Generated from This Study
Theory
Crisis prevention/preparedness
Change of accommodation, upgrade, information update and security staff to prevent hotel booking cancellations ( ) Three-stages framework for crisis signal detection: signal scanning, capture and transmission was proposed for crisis prevention ( ). The third party tourism crisis preparedness certification programs help the travellers to make informed travel decisions ( ).	1. What can be the prevention and preparedness strategies facing the business travel segment, which sector may recover sooner in the post-crisis era? ( ) 2. How the crisis culture can be developed and embedded in a company? ( ) 3. What can be the different views and suggested strategies by the tourism and hospitality practitioners at different job positions? ( ) 4. What can be the updated crisis prevention/preparedness models for the tourism and hospitality industry? ( ) 5. What is the role of past experience in crisis management and prevention/preparedness strategies? ( ) 6. What are the tourist perceptions of a safe destination that the related government agencies need to prepare? ( ) 7. What are the expectations of customers and clients toward the crisis preparedness strategy? ( )	8. How does the crisis recovery and experiences translate into the crisis prevention and preparedness strategy? (Our analysis) 9. What is the importance of crisis prevention and preparedness in the crisis management cycle? (Our analysis) 10. What are the effects of crisis prevention and preparedness in the future international tourism market? (Our analysis) 11. What can be the influence of industry 4.0 on how the tourism and hospitality industry prevents and prepares for the crises? (Our analysis)

Public negative emotions could be cancelled/balanced by positive and detailed responses before or at the time of the crisis ( ). Revenue loss is huge due to the misrepresentation of a particular crisis by media ( ).	1. Whether it is effective to mitigate risk perceptions by marketing practices? ( ) 2. How can tourism companies and tour guides communicate the risks and manage tourists' experiences? ( ) 3. What is the role of social media in communicating and mitigating the risks for potential tourists? ( ; ; ) 4. What are the innovative communication strategies to frame the risks as part of travel experiences? ( ) 5. What are the risk communication strategies targeting different traveler segments, e.g. business travelers, conventioneers, leisure travelers? ( ) 6. What is the influence of media coverage on tourists' risk perception and decision-making? ( ) 7. How can the destination marketing organisations and tourism companies or organisers collaborate for the risk communications? ( ) 8. What is the interplay of tourist emotion and risk communication leading to the tourist attitude and behaviour? ( )	9. What are the legal issues involved in risk communication? (Our analysis) 10. Whether the risk communication is effective to generate risk awareness for customers who can take proactive actions? (Our analysis) 11. How can the risk concerns of tourists be managed effectively? (Our analysis) 12. What are the effects of risk communications and perceptions on tourist destination attitude, trust and decision-making process? (Our analysis) 13. How do tourism and hospitality companies, or destination organisations be able to help tourists accepting reasonable risks? (Our analysis)

Simulation based training was used to teach and assess crisis management team ability ( ).	1. What is the association among crisis management education on tour guides, perceived security of tourists and willingness to travel? ( )	2. How can Virtual Reality (VR) technologies help to train hotel frontline staff dealing with emergency situations? (Our analysis) 3. What are the competencies and characteristics of a future leader in crisis management in hospitality and tourism industry? (Our analysis) 4. What are the cross-cultural phenomenon of crisis management education and training? (Our analysis) 5. Is there a need to incorporate crisis management and awareness training in hospitality and tourism higher education? (Our analysis)

25 environmental risks were identified in a tourism site ( ). Risk analysis on adventure activities in New Zealand presented ( ).	1. What can be the most updated and comprehensive risk assessment models and methodologies? ( , ) 2. Who have the competency to help judge the various risks and impacts in qualitative studies? ( ) 3. How to utilise the risk assessment and analytical results for risk management and planning? ( , ) 4. How does the market transformation influence the decision making of various stakeholders based on risk assessment? ( ) 5. Whether tourists are willing to pay for climate or other risk insurance based on the assessment results? ( ) 6. What are the broader parameters and issues that influence travel safety and advice? ( )	7. What can be the risk assessment results given the various types of risks involved in tourism and hospitality? (Our analysis) 8. What are the limitations of specific risk assessment models in practice? (Our analysis) 9. How to balance and consolidate the inputs of qualitative and quantitative means into risk assessment? (Our analysis) 10. What are the advices toward the financial budget to support risk assessment advancement on a continuous basis? (Our analysis)


Impacts of COVID-19 in hospitality and tourism industry ( ; ; ; , ; ; ) Resilience is another topic of discussion ( ; ) Travel after pandemic is arguably associated with protection motivation and pandemic travel fear ( ) Perceived risk and tourist decision making is one of the research topics ( ). Changes in destination image; tourism behaviour; resident behaviour; tourism industry; long term and indirect effects ( ). The engagement of Corporate Social Responsibility can increase the return of the stock ( ).	1. How do the hospitality industry employees in different cultural contexts (e.g. collectivism versus individualism) respond to digital work connectivity in a post COVID-19 era? ( ) 2. What are the impacts of COVID-19 on peer-to-peer accommodation platforms: guest perspective? ( ) 3. What are the effects of CSR practice on organisational resilience? ( ) 4. What are the influences of technology adoption on customers' experience, engagement, satisfaction, loyalty, and the hotel brands' and properties' performances during the post-pandemic era? ( ) 5. Can we use big data and analytics with respect to AI, hygiene and health-care practices in hotels and other hospitality contexts to address the ongoing digital transformation in the industry? ( ) 6. Can we focus, in both depth and detail, on the problems caused by the COVID-19 crisis and the success of strategies and programmes employed in an attempt to return to some sort of business normality? ( ) 7. Are there any changes in destination image, tourist behaviour and resident behaviour in post pandemic period? ( ) 8. How about the impacts of COVID-19 on airline industry? (note: Many papers examined the impacts on hotel and restaurant industry ( )	9. What are the employee well-beings under the COVID-19 and job pressures, and what can be the feasible solutions? (Our analysis) 10. Are there any more innovated consumer behaviour and management models in hospitality and tourism industry after COVID-19? (Our analysis) 11. What can be business models in various industry sectors at the backdrop of sharing economy together with the pandemic threat? (Our analysis) 12. What is the relationship between quarantine and other COVID-19 prevention measures; and the industry and organisational image? (Our analysis) 13. What can be the differences of the COVID-19's impacts at different times in a longitudinal study? (Our analysis) 14. What particular aspects of CSR efforts that the post-COVID-19 world and its hospitality and tourism businesses should pay more attention to? (Our analysis)

There was a negative relationship between data breach or privacy issues (hotel responsibility) and customer relationship building and loyalty ( )	1. How to balance the customer privacy and data utility in hospitality industry? ( ) 2. How to prevent indirect exposure of private information through analysing publicly available data in tourism industry? ( )	3. What are the impacts of inappropriate processing of sensitive and personal information concerning the company reputation and customer loyalty? (Our analysis) 4. What kind of tourists, or hospitality customers, concerning their gender, age, or income, are most sensitive about data privacy during their trip or consumption experience? (Our analysis)

Boycotts affect visitor numbers. Non-political animosity boycotts are found to have short-term effects, whereas political animosity tend to have long-term impact ( ) Destinations under the impact of political risk should consider tourists' safety concerns and introduce how to deal with the issue ( ). Social Media is very useful crisis communication tool in Lebanese hoteliers ( ).	1. What is the relationship between animosity and boycott behaviour? ( ) 2. What are the effects of tourists' boycott motivations on boycott actions, subject to the government policies and new media influence? ( ) 3. What is the role of perceived risks in tourists' decision making? ( ) 4. Is there a need to create an independent organisation for the travel information dissemination? ( ) 5. What are the responses and role of organisation learning for the firms, particularly small and medium enterprises, for the political turbulence events? ( ) 6. What are the experiences and contributions of employees for the firms coping with the political event crisis? ( ) 7. How do the nationalism and emotion influence boycotting travel? ( ) 8. What are the impacts of political event crisis on the (cyber) communications? ( ) 9. What are the spillover effects on the terrorism effects particularly for travel demand? ( ) 10. What are the marketing strategies that can be adopted to restore destination image which has been influenced by the political change? ( )	11. What are the crisis management effects of specific crisis types and situations in political-related crisis events? (Our analysis) 12. What are the views from international tourists and locals toward the impact of political related event's impacts? (Our analysis) 13. Can perceived destination image of political related crisis be eliminated or transformed through continuous destination marketing efforts? (Our analysis)

Social media was seldom used in the crisis preparation but in recovery period to raise donation ( ) Response speed using social media, brand familiarity, and cultural values of the respondent affected corporate reputation of a cruise line after a crisis ( ). Countries of origin, the age group 31–40; past international travel experience; and perceptions of crime, natural disasters, disease, financial, equipment failure, weather, cultural barriers, and political risk affecting the likelihood of using social media in a crisis ( ).	1. What is the effectiveness of social media for crisis management across various types of crises? ( ; , , , ; ) 2. What are the similarities and dissimilarities across different social media platforms for crisis management strategies? ( ; , , , ; ) 3. How to employ the effective risk communication strategies for the right users with different purposes of using various digital vs. traditional channels? ( ) 4. Whether the use of social media can help environmental monitoring? ( ) 5. Whether the public and tourists' views in cyberspace can be translated into actual behaviour? ( ) 6. Whether the social media can assist community's resilience as well as for the organisations? ( ) 7. Whether the perception and responses to company image and reputation in digital media will be changed and evolved over time? ( ) 8. What is the relationship between risk perception and social media usage across cultures, nationalities and ethnicities? ( ) 9. How should the professionals manage the customer involvement online? ( ) 10. Whether the privacy issues in digital media are cared greater than before and what are the preserving techniques? ( ) 11. What are the local residents' views and attitude over the social media impacts in tourism? ( )	12. What can be effective crisis management in digital era? (Our analysis) 13. What can be the cross-cultural effects and influences on digital marketing in hospitality and tourism industry? (Our analysis) 14. What are the safety issues of hospitality and tourism marketing and communications in digital media? (Our analysis) 15. Whether social media is effective in preventing crisis from happening? (Our analysis) 16. What type of crisis fits more in the management function and effect of digital media? (Our analysis) 17. How to promote consumer culture and tourist culture through the use of social media? (Our analysis) 18. What is the moderating role of digital media involvement and participation in hospitality and tourist behaviour? (Our analysis)

Tour operators and travel agencies ( ), as well as airlines ( ), are very sensitive to tourism and destination crises, and recovery strategy should be emphasised for re-establishment of the tourism market. Potential barriers affecting MICE industry, such as information, infrastructure, human resource, etc ( ).	1. What is the effectiveness of vertical integration of the tourism sectors between home countries and destinations for tourism recovery? ( ) 2. What is the meaning behind a healthy business environment for airline industry under potential crises? ( ) 3. Are there any differences for MICE industry across countries, or between national and international associations, in terms of crisis and risk understandings? ( )	4. What are the uniqueness of crisis management strategies for specific tourism sectors, e.g. airlines, travel agencies, restaurants, ocean cruising, theme parks and wellness spas, MICE, sports tourism, etc.? (Our analysis) 5. What can be comparable parameters and combinations for crisis and risk management and analysis across different hospitality and tourism sectors? (Our analysis) 6. Is there any coordination opportunity among these sectors toward developing crisis management and promoting tourism and businesses? (Our analysis) 7. Whether there are more research outputs from different market segments using the services of different industry sectors in a holiday package? (Our analysis)

The profit, social support, quality and safeguard affects business relationship using QCA method ( ). Change of accommodation, upgrade, information update and security staff to prevent hotel booking cancellations using conjoint analysis ( )	No focused suggested future questions	1. How the tourists choose a hotel after COVID-19 making use of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA)? (Our analysis) 2. How the tourists choose an airline for their international trip after COVID-19 making use of conjoint analysis? (Our analysis) 3. How the COVID-19 crisis impacts the decision of tourists: A cross-cultural approach? (PLS-SEM would be used) (Our analysis) 4. What are the different characteristics of tourists and hospitality consumers in a new normal of COVID-19 world? A cluster analysis. (Our analysis) 5. What would be the changes of international tourist behaviour as affected by the COVID-19 outbreak? A time series analysis. (Our analysis)

5.1. Theory development

Fink (1986) 's four stage model is influential in crisis management studies. His four-stage model was applied in diseases (1) prodromal, hints of potential crisis; (2) breakout; (3) chronic, the effect of crisis persists; (4) resolution, some clear signals the crisis is no longer a concern ( Fink, 1986 ). The other influential model is from Mitroff (1994) . His five stages model turns Fink's descriptive model to prescriptive approach. Crisis management efforts was divided into five phases: signal detection, prevention, damage containment, recovery and organisational learning ( Mitroff, 1994 ). Faulkner (2001) made a good comparison of the models. In fact, previous research have also indicated the cycling loop of crisis management ( Xu & Grunewald, 2009 ). For instance, Pursiainen (2018) explicitly explained the crisis management circle with some suggested procedural steps (prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, learning, risk assessment). This further provides the solid theoretical foundation for Fig. 4 that the proposed future research areas at theoretical level stay at different cycling stages in crisis management: from crisis prevention and preparedness to risk communication to crisis management education & training, and then to risk assessment, which has been also considered to pave the way for the next round of crisis prevention and preparedness.

5.1.1. Crisis prevention and preparedness

Papers on crisis preparedness (9 papers) and crisis prevention (7 papers) are notable fewer. In fact, preventing the crisis from happening is the best crisis management strategy. Crisis preparedness takes up most of a crisis manager's time ( Coombs, 2019 ; Pforr & Hosie, 2008 ). The recovery and experiences of crisis handling of one time can be translated into the crisis preparedness and precaution measures for the potential next time. The awareness and recognition of possible crises by managers and staff can be strategically important throughout the learning process and crisis management cycle ( Xu & Grunewald, 2009 ).

5.1.2. Risk communication

Compared to the risk management (68 papers) and risk perception (41 papers) categories, prior literature records only one paper ( Heimtun & Lovelock, 2017 ) which focused on ‘risk communications.’ Risk communication is indeed important in the hospitality and tourism industry. An uncertainty always exists because of the weather or some other uncontrollable factors. Risk communication is important when they promote tourism products to prospective customers ( Heimtun & Lovelock, 2017 ). It also relates to legal issues. For example, travel companies and tour organisers should explicitly explain to potential tourists the types of risks involved and tourists (risk bearers) could also express their concerns and fears about the risks in the process of their decision making. The outcomes of risk communication are expected to enhance customers' risk awareness and help them take personal proactive actions. The appropriate overestimation of risk can be also effective for helping consumers make decisions while avoiding possible legal risks ( Coombs & Holladay, 2010 ).

5.1.3. Crisis management education and training

Special attention should also be given to crisis management education and training in hospitality and tourism-related programmes. In the ever-increasingly diversified and changing market, hospitality and tourism companies have an urgent need of specialists and professionals in crisis management for their sustainable and healthy business development. Graduates equipped with relevant knowledge and working experiences will be highly needed by the industry. The presence of an experienced leader and crisis team consisting of qualified staff can be strategically significant in the different stages of crisis management in the tourism industry ( Ritchie, 2004 ). Surprisingly, scare research exists in this regard.

In this study, the US, Australia and the UK were well represented in terms of the leading authors of crisis management studies in the hospitality and tourism industry. Academic platforms may favour more interested researchers in this area who originate from other places. The cross-cultural approach is also strongly recommended for systematic comparisons of the findings generated from different cultural backgrounds. Future research could be extended to more developing countries, such as China and Vietnam, to compare their crisis prevention measures.

5.1.4. Risk assessment

Less than 10 papers focused on risk assessment, a figure which could suggest a future research direction. Undeniably, hospitality and tourism companies may be interested in identifying the possible risks according to their frequency, scale and level of loss, and assess their influences for developing effective risk management strategies ( Tsai & Chen, 2010 ). Roe et al. (2014) summarised many methodological approaches that are currently adopted to assess and manage the various risks, particularly environmental ones. They exemplified with the Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Audit and Ecological Footprint with support of Delphi Technique. In fact, tourists can also learn from the risk assessment results to manage their holiday travel plans and decide insurance purchase ( Olya & Alipour, 2015 ). However, as each assessment methodology has its own merits as well as limitations, methodological innovations and comprehensive assessment models are expected for future research, particularly in the hospitality and tourism context owing to the lack of research output in this regard ( Tsai & Chen, 2010 ).

5.2. Context

5.2.1. covid-19 (coronavirus disease 2019).

COVID-19 has threatened the lives and health of people globally and seriously disrupts the traffic flow of people worldwide. Hotels, travel agencies, airlines and all sorts of related industries face a serious challenge in 2020 ( Gössling et al., 2020 ; Qiu et al., 2020a , b ). In fact, the world may see a co-occurrence of various health risks and diseases in future. With lessons derived from COVID-19, health-related crisis management could be a universal issue.

The COVID-19 pandemic may not be over in year 2021 although different vaccines are available. Tourism and hospitality industry will still be seriously affected. Firstly, the impacts on the industry have already been estimated for the year 2020.70% of hotel employees have been laid off and 4.6 million supporting jobs was lost in United States ( American Hospitality and Lodging Association, 2020 ). The forecasted impacts for the year 2021 are still in progress and not yet available. Secondly, there could be new models for people travelling for leisure or business after the pandemic. Thirdly, new business model may evolve for the hotel, airlines, catering, or even the sharing business ( Farmaki et al., 2020 ).

5.2.2. Data privacy in hospitality and tourism

Today, most organisations are using information technology as a main or supplementary tool for their business operations and management. Extensive organisational/customer sensitive information is stored and/or processed in digital format, particularly when using social media for communications. Loss of confidential information would be disastrous for a company. Note that any inappropriate processing of such sensitive and personal information may cause great damage to organisational reputation with the expected decline of customer trust and loyalty ( Watson & Rodrigues, 2018 ). This fact was highlighted with no exception in the hospitality and tourism industry ( Chen & Jai, 2019 ). Unfortunately, very few papers have addressed this issue. Chen and Jai (2019) explored a research agenda to examine the relationship between data breach or privacy issues and customer relationship building and loyalty. They also suggested checking the different levels of privacy concerns by customers and their impacts.

5.2.3. Political-related crisis events

Many political-related crisis events also have impacts on hospitality and tourism industry. For example, in a historical sense, the US-Iran conflict has long influences over the development of Iran's tourism industry ( Estrada et al., 2020 ; Khodadadi, 2018 ). Recently, the Hong Kong extradition bill controversy (2019–2020) also shook Hong Kong's society and the tourism industry in particular ( Lee, 2020 ). More researchers are expected to express interest on these cases to discuss different research questions. These cases are related to risk and crisis management for destination marketers and various stakeholders. However, the natures of these circumstances vary, a situation which could possibly generate dissimilar research findings and shed light in the crisis management field. Future researchers could investigate the effects of crisis types on crisis management with case studies of new crisis events ( Coombs, 2019 ).

5.2.4. Digital media theme

Digital media plays a major role in future. People may like to use social media more often to express and share their views. However, a crisis may occur for the companies that fail to adequately manage the social communications of their products and brands. For example, customers may complain on social media. How the complaint is transmitted through the Internet and the responses from the organisation are rather practical topics for researchers. Ryschka et al. (2016) is one of the few to explore how a company's response to a crisis raised on social media affects its reputation. Their results showed that the speed of response is important as well as the brand familiarity and cultural values. Unfortunately, their research context (cruise industry) has its special nature and may not be applicable to other industry sectors or businesses at large. Sigala (2012) indicated that future studies could analyse role of social media in crisis communications and its impacts on organisation image. The factors that contribute to the motivations and barriers of using social media by companies can also be studied accordingly ( Sigala, 2012 ). Luo and Zhai (2017) highlighted the need for further research about cyber nationalism and bilateral relationships concerning the tourism boycott and destination crisis.

5.2.5. Other less explored contexts

Most of the reviewed crisis management studies focused on hotels as a sector of the hospitality and tourism industry. Studies should be more diversified across other sectors of the industry. Certain hospitality and tourism industry sectors are under-explored, including airlines, travel agencies, restaurants, the conference sector, ocean cruising, theme parks and wellness spas. For instance, any destination and tourism crisis may affect tour operators and travel agencies which play an important role in tourism flows ( Cavlek, 2002 ). Emphasis on tour operators is suggested for their strategic importance towards destination recovery in the post-crisis period ( Cavlek, 2002 ). The airline industry is also very sensitive to economic downturns and global crises ( Hatty & Hollmeier, 2003 ). Accordingly, the companies involved in that industry may be unable to adjust immediately when facing declining demands in the market. Sangpikul and Kim (2009) identified different factors of barriers affecting the convention and meeting industry. For example, they revealed political unrest as the source of crisis for the MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Conventions and Exhibitions) industry. However, few studies have investigated this sector.

Previous crisis management research relied on traditional methodologies including case studies, content analysis, descriptive analysis and regression analysis ( Table 5 ). Researchers could consider analysing images and/or pictures of the crisis event. Case study in crisis research usually involves with very small sample size. Two diseases cases (SARS and H1N1) were covered in a crisis management study ( Fung et al., 2020 ). Generalization of a case study usually is a difficult task for researcher. Thus, case study sometimes was conducted by way of an exploratory study; or simply used to test a pre-established theory. Besides, case study would also be used to demonstrate a good crisis management practice and propose a relationship or association among variables ( Eisenbhardt, 1989 ). As a whole, case study is a perfect choice to explain and answer the questions on “how” and “why”.

Researchers can consider qualitative comparative analysis. In literature, less than one percentage of crisis management articles used qualitative comparative analysis (see Table 5 ). Most of the focal researches examined relationships among variables in a linear manner using regression analysis and ignored the complexities that might possibly exist across the variables. Even in the case of low level of multi-collinearity, one variable might depend on the other explanatory variable ( Woodside, 2013 ). Often, the impacts on tourism due to crisis might not work in a linear relationship. The qualitative comparative analysis can be a suitable analysis method ( Papatheodorou & Pappas, 2017 ).

5.9 percent or thirty of crisis management papers adopted structural equation modelling as their main analysis method ( Table 5 ). Partial Least Squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) has not been used extensively in particular hospitality and tourism research but rather preferred in marketing and management studies in general ( Ali et al., 2018 ). Conceptually, PLS has some advantages including smaller sample size and less restricted data normality requirement. For example, with 5% significant level, minimum R-square 10% and number of arrows pointing at a construct is five, 150 samples is sufficient ( Hair et al., 2019 ). This fits the current research situation under pandemic concerns that achieving big sample size may not be an easy task. Moreover, models in risk perception sometimes evolve more than one dependent variable and some other mediating or moderating variables, such as perceived security, perceived risk, destination image or willingness to visit ( Zenker et al., 2019 ). Complex predicting model could be handled by PLS easily.

Conjoint analysis is sometimes used in hospitality research. For example, it could explain how tourists choose a particular hotel. It depends on a lot of considerations at the same time. Costs, time, word-of-mouth, activities, past experience and so on are possible reasons ( Suess & Mody, 2017 ). Only a subset of combinations needs to be tested in the field in order to get the answer. In crisis management research, crisis response can be one of the possible topics using this method. For example, one has to take into account different factors before formally making an apology for a customer complaint. Possible factors can include seriousness of crisis, crisis history, and responsibility of company ( Coombs, 2019 ).

6.1. Specific future research questions

Based on the above analysis, ten key future areas were identified. This study took a step further to prepare a total of 100 specific research questions ( Table 8 ) that warrant greater attention in the future. Research findings in these areas were also reported (first column of Table 8 ). Future researchers of crisis management in hospitality and tourism industry can take the specific questions as a direct reference to prepare their projects. Among these specific questions, some questions were reported as unanswered in the existing literature in these areas (second column of Table 8 ), thus being worthy of future research. Other specific questions (last column of Table 8 ) were generated from analyses in this study, after a critical review of literature.

7. Conclusions

This study systematically reviewed crisis management literature in the hospitality and tourism industry from 1985 to 2020, spanning 36 years; and found that only few articles were produced during earlier period. A sharp increase of related research interests emerged thereafter. This work analysed various major academic journals and presented the trends of their collection of crisis management studies; and discussed the study locations and authorship. Moreover, a systematic summary of the crisis types and the different industry sectors within the hospitality and tourism industry can be found this study.

Under the area of crisis management in the hospitality and tourism industry, traditional research foci were found to comprise crisis management and risk management/with multiple topics, disaster management, crisis impacts and recovery, and risk perception. This study summarised further that the main emerging themes over the last decade have revolved around health-related crisis including COVID-19, social media crisis, political disturbance crisis and terrorism crisis. The research cases and environments covered different industry sectors.

Crisis management research will likely be conducted continually with scholarly passion in the near future. A three-layer TCM (theory-context-method) framework for further research of crisis management in the hospitality and tourism is proposed. Ten directions are suggested for future research agenda: 1) crisis prevention and preparedness, 2) risk communication, 3) crisis management education and training, 4) risk assessment, 5) COVID-19 and other health-related crisis events, 6) data privacy in hospitality and tourism, 7) political-related crisis events, 8) digital media theme, 9) other less explored research contexts, and 10) adopting newer analytical methods and approaches. A summary of important works up to date and the suggested 100 specific research questions were also presented for future research purpose.

This study has its natural limitations, the papers collected were published within a specific time period (1985–2020). Using more keywords in literature search can found more papers in this field. Exploring this topic further at different academic platforms, particularly for those in languages other than English, can for sure generated more search results. Investigation of crisis management with a regional focus is also suggested for analysing the research outputs recorded in the local and regional languages.

Author statement

Wut, T. M.: Conceptualization; Data curation; formal analysis; funding acquisition; investigation; Methodology; original draft, Xu, B.: Funding acquisition; review and editing, Wong, S.: Project Administration; resources; supervision.

Declaration of competing interest

We declare that there is no potential conflict of interest

Biographies

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Wut, Tai Ming; Dr Wut is a senior lecturer in the School of Professional Education and Executive Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, where he teaches courses in risk management, crisis management and corporate social responsibility. His interdisciplinary research interests cover engineering management, corporate social responsibility and engineers' role in society. He has published papers in international journals such as International Journal of Consumer Studies and Young Consumers. He has also presented his papers in international academic conferences.

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Xu, Bill; Dr Bill Xu is a senior lecturer in the School of Professional Education and Executive Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. With respect to research, he has published academic articles and book reviews in international journals like the Journal of China Tourism Research, the Asian Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, the International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Tourism Management, etc. He also presented papers in international academic conferences. His teaching and research interests include consumer behaviour and consumption experience (in tourism and hospitality management), tourism psychology and sociology, tour operations and wholesaling, China tourism and hotel businesses, hospitality management in China, and quality service management.

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Wong, Helen Shun-mun; Dr Helen Wong obtained her Bachelor of Arts (First Class Hons) from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Master of Science from the University of London, and Doctor of Business Administration from the University of South Australia. She is also a fellow member of ACCA, an associate member of HKICPA, and CGA. Dr Wong has a diversified business background and several years' accounting and finance experience in Hong Kong and Canada. Prior to joining HKCC, she had worked for various well-known organisations, such as PricewaterhouseCoopers, Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and the University of Toronto.

Appendix B Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104307 .

Appendix A.

Location of first author (N = 512) (Extended version of Table 1 )

Continent	Frequency	Percentage	Country/Area	Frequency	Percentage
Europe	157	30.7	UK	59	11.5
Europe	157	30.7	Spain	15	2.9
			Turkey	8	1.6
			Greece	6	1.2
			Italy	6	1.2
			Austria	5	1
			Croatia	5	1
			France	5	1
			Norway	5	1
			Cyprus	4	0.8
			Ireland	4	0.8
			Netherlands	4	0.8
			Portugal	4	0.8
			Denmark	3	0.6
			Germany	3	0.6
			Poland	3	0.6
			Romania	3	0.6
			Sweden	3	0.6
			Bulgaria	2	0.4
			Finland	2	0.4
			Serbia	2	0.4
			Slovenia	2	0.4
			Catalonia	1	0.2
			Switzerland	1	0.2
Asia	132	25.8	Mainland China	29	5.7
			Taiwan	19	3.7
			Israel	12	2.3
			Japan	12	2.3
			Hong Kong	11	2.1
			Singapore	10	2
			India	9	1.8
			Malaysia	6	1.2
			South Korea	5	1
			Thailand	5	1
			Macao	4	0.8
			UAE	2	0.4
			Bangladesh	1	0.2
			Dubai	1	0.2
			Indonesia	1	0.2
			Iran	1	0.2
			Jordan	1	0.2
			Lebanon	1	0.2
			Russia	1	0.2
			Sri Lanka	1	0.2
Oceania	110	21.5	Australia	101	19.7
			New Zealand	19	3.7
North America	99	19.3	USA	89	17.4
North America	99	19.3	Canada	10	2
Africa	10	2	South Africa	8	1.6
			Ghana	1	0.2
			Nigeria	1	0.2
Latin America	4	0.8	Brazil	2	0.4
			Argentina	1	0.2
			Mexico	1	0.2
Total	512	100	Total	512	100

(Source: authors)

Impact statement

Crises events and crisis management often become research topics for hospitality and tourism researchers. However, review papers in this field are lacking. An updated systematic literature review of crisis management research in hospitality and tourism industry is highly needed for the time being, to show what has progressed in recent decades and what would possibly progress in the near future. Under the outbreak of COVID-19, more hospitality and tourism researchers are expected to develop their research interests in crisis management field in the near future. Our paper fills in the research gap to summarise and discuss the traditionally dominated crisis management research themes and the emerging themes over the last decade from 2010. Meanwhile, it also sheds lights in providing clear and detailed advice to future researchers through eliciting what kind of crisis management research areas and specific research questions can be considered.

Appendix B. Supplementary data

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18 Best universities for Hospitality / Hotel Management in Russia

Updated: February 29, 2024

Art & Design
Computer Science
Engineering
Environmental Science
Liberal Arts & Social Sciences
Mathematics

Below is a list of best universities in Russia ranked based on their research performance in Hospitality and Hotel Management. A graph of 12.5K citations received by 3.37K academic papers made by 18 universities in Russia was used to calculate publications' ratings, which then were adjusted for release dates and added to final scores.

We don't distinguish between undergraduate and graduate programs nor do we adjust for current majors offered. You can find information about granted degrees on a university page but always double-check with the university website.

1. Moscow State University

For Hospitality and Hotel Management

2. National Research University Higher School of Economics

3. Southern Federal University

4. South Ural State University

5. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics

6. Kazan Federal University

7. Tomsk State University

8. Tomsk Polytechnic University

9. St. Petersburg State University

10. St. Petersburg State University of Economics

11. Finance Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation

12. Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University

13. RUDN University

14. Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University

15. Ural Federal University

16. Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration

17. State University of Management

18. Russian State Social University

The best cities to study Hospitality and Hotel Management in Russia based on the number of universities and their ranks are Moscow , Rostov-on-Don , Chelyabinsk , and Kazan .

Business subfields in Russia

COMMENTS

230+ Innovative Hospitality Management Research Topics In 2023
Great Hospitality Industry Research Topics. Consumer Preferences in Sustainable Accommodations. Technology's Role in Personalizing Guest Experiences. Crisis Management in the Post-COVID-19 Hospitality Sector. Food Safety and Public Health in Restaurants. Diversity and Inclusion in the Hospitality Workforce.
39 Hospitality Management Dissertation Topics Ideas
Hospitality Management Dissertation Topics: Dissertation topics in hospitality management focus on the management of different types of hospitality events, both at the national and international levels. This can include conferences, seminars, research symposiums, the tourism industry, and other areas as well. Research topics in the hospitality industry have gained a lot of popularity these ...
130+ Hospitality Research Topics: That Need To Know
Top Hotel And Restaurant Management Thesis Topics In the Philippines. Hotel and restaurant management are significant topics in the Philippines. So, writing a good essay on these topics can come in handy for your academic performance. Find a good research title about hotel and restaurant management below:
Hospitality and Tourism Management Theses and Dissertations
Theses/Dissertations from 2013 PDF. Responding to Tripadvisor: How Hotel Responses to Negative Online Reviews Effect Hotel Image, Intent to Stay, and Intent to Return, Tiffany Avant. PDF. An Analysis of The Possibilities of Applying The North American Management Model to Most Large-Scale Sports Facilities in China, XI LI. PDF
Tourism and Hospitality Dissertation Topics
Ecotourism and Community Participation Dissertation Topics. Topic 1: Online Tourism Agents and Websites. Topic 2: Advances in Tourism and Hospitality Post-pandemic. Topic 3: Impacts of Social Distancing on Tourism Managements. Topic 4: Advances in Hotel Management Post-pandemic.
101 Tourism and Hospitality Dissertation Topics and Titles
Good luck with your research journey! If you are stuck with your Dissertation, send your requirement to [email protected] and get instant dissertation help. To help you get started, we've compiled a list of 101 dissertation topics and titles in tourism and hospitality. Let's explore a wide range of possibilities to inspire your ...
Hospitality and Tourism Dissertation Topics
Hospitality Dissertation Topics. Generally, hospitality refers to jobs in the hospitality industry, such as hotels and resorts, restaurants, catering and casinos alongside any hospitality positions that deal with tourists. Hospitality involves the relationship process between the hotel and a guest. ... Tourism Management Dissertation Topics.
UNLV Hospitality Theses & Dissertations
Theses/Dissertations from 2014. PDF. Table Games Revenue Management: A Bayesian Approach, Daryl F. Boykin. PDF. Work and Home-Life Balance: A Comparative Study of Hotel Employee Satisfaction in the West and Midwest, Amanda Connick.
105+ Hospitality Research Topics [Updated 2024]
105+ Hospitality Research Topics [Updated 2024] In a bustling world where travel and leisure are increasingly essential aspects of our lives, the hospitality industry plays a pivotal role. From cozy bed-and-breakfasts to luxurious resorts, from trendy urban eateries to quaint countryside cafes, hospitality businesses cater to our need for ...
150+ Interesting Hospitality Research Topics To Consider
Hotel Management Research Paper Ideas. Discuss the qualities of a good hotel manager. Explain the customer service at a 5-star hotel. Compare a full-service hotel and a limited-service hotel. Revenue management of a large hotel. Case Study: The Wynn Las Vegas. A study on French hotel management. Case Study: The First World Hotel & Plaza.
(PDF) Research in Hospitality Management: Guests on Earth
Stenden Hotel Management School fully supports this strategic choice. Sustainability is a highly topical subject and has been for over twenty years. The same is true of "responsible tourism" and "sustainable hospitality" - concepts which have been discussed and explored by the industry and scientific communities alike.
Tourism and Hospitality Dissertation Topics Ideas
Accommodation Tourism Dissertation Topics: The Impact of Boutique Hotels on Tourist Experience: A Comparative Study. Sustainable Practices in Eco-Lodges: Balancing Environmental Conservation with Guest Comfort. Accessibility and Inclusivity in Hotel Design: Enhancing Accommodation Options for Persons with Disabilities.
100+ Tourism Research Topics: Trends and Future Directions
100+ Tourism Research Topics: Category Wise. Sustainable Tourism. Impact of Technology on Travel. Cultural Tourism and Heritage Preservation. Dark Tourism: Ethics and Motivations. Community-Based Tourism for Socioeconomic Development. Wildlife Tourism and Conservation. Gastronomic Tourism: Culinary Experiences.
Hospitality Dissertation Topics Ideas & Examples
A better combination of the above topics can be helpful in giving the hospitality dissertation proposal. Some important topics can be as follows. The different weathers' special foods for the tourists. The economic recession and the tourism industry. The management of the large influx of tourists in peak season.
Theses and Dissertations, Hospitality and Tourism Management (HTM)
The hotel industry peaked in 1967, 1973, 1980, and 1989. The industry troughed in 1969, 1974, 1982, and 1991. The mean duration of the hotel industry cycles is 7.3 years, calculated either by peak to peak or trough to trough. An interesting finding is that the hotel industry declines sharply once it reached the peaks.
Dissertations / Theses: 'Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management
Video (online) Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management.'. Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you ...
Tourism Dissertation Topics
Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism Dissertation Topics. Topic 11: Resource Management Of Ecotourism as a Path To Sustainable Tourism in Egypt. Topic 12: Analysing the Cultural Ecosystem Services and Heritage Tourism in Coastal Regions of the UK. Topic 13: Development Of Ecotourism in the UK: Best Regional Approach Analysis.
Dissertation Topics Hotel Management
Dissertation Topics Hotel Management - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. This document discusses the challenges of crafting a dissertation in hotel management. It notes that choosing a suitable topic that is relevant, innovative, and contributes to existing knowledge can be difficult given the evolving nature of the hospitality industry.
Crisis management research (1985-2020) in the hospitality and tourism
1. Introduction. A crisis is defined as 'an unpredictable event that threatens important expectancies of stakeholders related to health, safety, environmental, and economic issues, which can seriously impact an organisation's performance and generate negative comments' (Coombs, 2019, p. 3).Today's hospitality and tourism industry is sensitive to various external and internal challenges and ...
(PDF) Current trends in the small hotels' social and functional
Current trends in the small hotels' social and functional structure organization. September 2020. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering 913 (3):032034. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X ...
Dissertation Topics in Hospitality Management
Dissertation Topics in Hospitality Management - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The document discusses some of the challenges of crafting a dissertation topic in hospitality management. It notes that hospitality management is a broad field encompassing hotel management, tourism, event planning, and food service, making it difficult to select a topic ...
Thesis and Dissertations-College of Graduate Studies-University of Idaho
Thesis and Dissertation Resources. You will find all you need to know about starting and completing your thesis or dissertation right here using ETD (Electronic submission of Dissertations and Theses). Note: COGS at this time is unable to provide any troubleshooting support or tutorials on LaTeX. Please use only if you are knowledgeable and ...
18 Best universities for Hospitality / Hotel Management in Russia
Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. 17. State University of Management. 18. Russian State Social University. The best cities to study Hospitality and Hotel Management in Russia based on the number of universities and their ranks are Moscow, Rostov-on-Don, Chelyabinsk, and Kazan.

130+ Hospitality Research Topics: Great Ideas

Great Hospitality Industry Research Topics

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Tourism and Hospitality Dissertation Topics

Introduction

Latest Tourism Research Topics

Environmental Management Systems and their Implementation in the UK- A Systematic Review.

Investigating the impact of Social Media Recommendations on Hotel Booking in the UK.

Assessing the Impact of Virtual Reality on Tourism.

Role of Social Media Marketing in deciding a Travel Destination- A Systematic Review.

Investigating the Negative Impact of Travel Bans

An Exploration of the Hospitality Industry Wages

Effects of Covid-19 on Tourism and Hospitality Dissertation Topics

Topic 2: Investigating the Long Term Effects of Prolonged and New Travel Restrictions on the UK Tourism Industry

Topic 3: Coronavirus: Dubai Tourism Insists Emirate's Hotel Sector is Healthy, Rejects Bloomberg Report but Is It Really the Case?

Topic 4: Will Easing the Travel Restrictions Benefit the UK Tourism Sector in the Short Term?

Topic 5: Coronavirus outbreak: Caribbean Tourism Struggles as Visitors Stay Home

Ecotourism and Community Participation Dissertation Topics

Topic 2: Advances in Tourism and Hospitality Post-pandemic

Topic 3: Impacts of Social Distancing on Tourism Managements

Topic 4: Advances in Hotel Management Post-pandemic

Topic 5: The Linguistic Roots of the Word “Hospitality” across Different Languages

Topic 6: The Relationship Between the Host and the Guest

Economic Conditions and Local Tourism Dissertation Topics

Topic 2: Impact of Low budget Airline Services on Boosting International Tourism in Europe: A Case Study of Ryanair.

Topic 3: Eco-friendly Practices and Their Effect on Hotel Selection Decision: A Case Study of UK Hospitality Industry.

Topic 4: How Economic Conditions of a Country Impact its Local Tourism: Identifying the Economic Factors Influencing the Tourism Sector.

Topic 5: Assessing the Impact of Social Media Platforms on Tourism Destination Selection.

Topic 6: Assessing the Impact of Government Rules, Regulations, and Policies on Tourism Development: A Case Study of Developing Countries.

Topic 7: Analysing the Impact of Natural Hazaresearch will measure the customer satisfaction of British lesbians after they have undergone gender reassignment at the Yanhee International Hospital in Bangkok.

Topic 8: Assessing the Factors and Preferences Impacting Tourist's Decisions to Travel to a Dark Tourism Site.

Topic 9: The Impact of Travel Bloggers and vloggers on the Tourism Industry.

Educational Tourism Dissertation Topics

Topic 1: Educational Tourism Programmes and the Popularity of Host Nations

Topic 2: Factors Affecting the Decision of British Students to Join International Student Exchange Programmes.

Topic 3: Factors Contributing Towards the Success of Work & Study Programmes in the UK

Topic 4: To Analyse the Satisfaction of International Students Enrolled in Student Exchange Programmes in the UK

Topic 5: To Investigate Potential Marketing and Communication Tools to Promote “any country” as the Best Place to Pursue Higher Education.

Topic 6: What are the factors Influencing British Students’ Decision to Join Academic Year Exchange Programme in Japan?

Topic 7: To Examine the Popularity of Student Exchange Programmes Offered by Chinese-speaking Countries.

Topic 8: To Investigate the Attitude and Perception of British Students toward Summer Camps.

Topic 9: Factors Affecting the Decision of University Students to Pursue a Placement Programme in the US?

Topic 10: To Examine the Satisfaction of University Students Returning from Cultural Exchange Programmes in the US.

Medical Tourism Dissertation Topics

Topic 1: Investigating the Reasons Why British Citizens Travel to Different Countries for their Dental Procedures

Topic 2: The efficacy of marketing and communication tools employed by Thai plastic surgery and extreme makeover service providers – An investigation into the attitude and perception of British travellers.

Topic 3: To Identify and Discuss Critical Marketing Strategies to Promote a Weight Loss Centre in the UK.

Topic 4: Measuring Customer satisfaction of British Lesbians After Having Sex Reassignment at Yanhee International Hospital, Bangkok

Topic 5: To Examine the Factors Influencing the Decisions of British Women to Buy Body Contour Tour Packages in East Asia.

Topic 6: To Investigate the Extent to Which Swiss Weight Control Tour Packages Have Influenced Women in the UK.

Topic 7: How Young British Females Perceive Facial Lifting package Tours in East Asia?

Topic 8: To Understand and Discuss the Factors Affecting Buying Decisions to Benefit from Extreme Makeover Tour Packages in Eastern Europe.

Topic 9: How Attractive are the Plastic Surgery Makeover Services to Female British Customers – A Qualitative Study

Topic 10: How Homosexual Men Choose Medical Tour Packages for Sex Reassignment.

Tourism Management Dissertation Topics

Topic 1: How British Tourists Perceive Chinese World Heritage Tour – A Qualitative Study

Topic 2: Exploring the Factors that Make London the Most Popular Destination for Christmas Shopping

Topic 3: Investigating the Underlying Factors that British Citizens Consider when Choosing a Destination for Their Winter Holidays.

Topic 4: An Analysis of Factors Affecting Employees’ Motivation in Luxury Hotels of Dubai.

Topic 5: How the Tourism Industry of Thailand Responded to the Tsunami.

Topic 6: Factors Influencing British Customers’ Decisions of Purchasing Egypt Tour Packages.

Topic 7: Attitude and Perception of British Tourists Toward Thailand as a Winter Holiday Destination

Topic 8: The Increasing Popularity of Cruise Travel in South Africa Among British Tourists