thesis of ideas

25 Thesis Statement Examples

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

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thesis statement examples and definition, explained below

A thesis statement is needed in an essay or dissertation . There are multiple types of thesis statements – but generally we can divide them into expository and argumentative. An expository statement is a statement of fact (common in expository essays and process essays) while an argumentative statement is a statement of opinion (common in argumentative essays and dissertations). Below are examples of each.

Strong Thesis Statement Examples

school uniforms and dress codes, explained below

1. School Uniforms

“Mandatory school uniforms should be implemented in educational institutions as they promote a sense of equality, reduce distractions, and foster a focused and professional learning environment.”

Best For: Argumentative Essay or Debate

Read More: School Uniforms Pros and Cons

nature vs nurture examples and definition

2. Nature vs Nurture

“This essay will explore how both genetic inheritance and environmental factors equally contribute to shaping human behavior and personality.”

Best For: Compare and Contrast Essay

3. American Dream

“The American Dream, a symbol of opportunity and success, is increasingly elusive in today’s socio-economic landscape, revealing deeper inequalities in society.”

Best For: Persuasive Essay

4. Social Media

“Social media has revolutionized communication and societal interactions, but it also presents significant challenges related to privacy, mental health, and misinformation.”

Best For: Expository Essay

Read More: The Pros and Cons of Social Media

5. Globalization

“Globalization has created a world more interconnected than ever before, yet it also amplifies economic disparities and cultural homogenization.”

6. Urbanization

“Urbanization drives economic growth and social development, but it also poses unique challenges in sustainability and quality of life.”

7. Immigration

“Immigration enriches receiving countries culturally and economically, outweighing any perceived social or economic burdens.”

8. Cultural Identity

“In a globalized world, maintaining distinct cultural identities is crucial for preserving cultural diversity and fostering global understanding, despite the challenges of assimilation and homogenization.”

Best For: Argumentative Essay

Read More: Learn about Cultural Identity

technology examples and definition explained below

9. Technology

“Medical technologies in care institutions in Toronto has increased subjcetive outcomes for patients with chronic pain.”

Best For: Research Paper

10. Capitalism vs Socialism

“The debate between capitalism and socialism centers on balancing economic freedom and inequality, each presenting distinct approaches to resource distribution and social welfare.”

cultural heritage examples and definition

11. Cultural Heritage

“The preservation of cultural heritage is essential, not only for cultural identity but also for educating future generations, outweighing the arguments for modernization and commercialization.”

pseudoscience examples and definition, explained below

12. Pseudoscience

“Pseudoscience, characterized by a lack of empirical support, continues to influence public perception and decision-making, often at the expense of scientific credibility.”

13. Free Will

“The concept of free will is largely an illusion, with human behavior and decisions predominantly determined by biological and environmental factors.”

14. Gender Roles

“Traditional gender roles are outdated and harmful, restricting individual freedoms and perpetuating gender inequalities in modern society.”

Read More: What are Traditional Gender Roles?

work-life balance examples and definition, explained below

15. Work-Life Ballance

“The trend to online and distance work in the 2020s led to improved subjective feelings of work-life balance but simultaneously increased self-reported loneliness.”

16. Universal Healthcare

“Universal healthcare is a fundamental human right and the most effective system for ensuring health equity and societal well-being, outweighing concerns about government involvement and costs.”

Read More: The Pros and Cons of Universal Healthcare

17. Minimum Wage

“The implementation of a fair minimum wage is vital for reducing economic inequality, yet it is often contentious due to its potential impact on businesses and employment rates.”

Read More: The Pros and Cons of Raising the Minimum Wage

18. Homework

“The homework provided throughout this semester has enabled me to achieve greater self-reflection, identify gaps in my knowledge, and reinforce those gaps through spaced repetition.”

Best For: Reflective Essay

Read More: Reasons Homework Should be Banned

charter schools vs public schools, explained below

19. Charter Schools

“Charter schools offer alternatives to traditional public education, promising innovation and choice but also raising questions about accountability and educational equity.”

Read More: The Pros and Cons of Charter Schools

20. Effects of the Internet

“The Internet has drastically reshaped human communication, access to information, and societal dynamics, generally with a net positive effect on society.”

Read More: The Pros and Cons of the Internet

affirmative action example and definition, explained below

21. Affirmative Action

“Affirmative action is essential for rectifying historical injustices and achieving true meritocracy in education and employment, contrary to claims of reverse discrimination.”

Best For: Essay

Read More: Affirmative Action Pros and Cons

soft skills examples and definition, explained below

22. Soft Skills

“Soft skills, such as communication and empathy, are increasingly recognized as essential for success in the modern workforce, and therefore should be a strong focus at school and university level.”

23. Moral Panic

“Moral panic, often fueled by media and cultural anxieties, can lead to exaggerated societal responses that sometimes overlook rational analysis and evidence.”

24. Freedom of the Press

“Freedom of the press is critical for democracy and informed citizenship, yet it faces challenges from censorship, media bias, and the proliferation of misinformation.”

Read More: Freedom of the Press Examples

25. Mass Media

“Mass media shapes public opinion and cultural norms, but its concentration of ownership and commercial interests raise concerns about bias and the quality of information.”

Best For: Critical Analysis

Checklist: How to use your Thesis Statement

✅ Position: If your statement is for an argumentative or persuasive essay, or a dissertation, ensure it takes a clear stance on the topic. ✅ Specificity: It addresses a specific aspect of the topic, providing focus for the essay. ✅ Conciseness: Typically, a thesis statement is one to two sentences long. It should be concise, clear, and easily identifiable. ✅ Direction: The thesis statement guides the direction of the essay, providing a roadmap for the argument, narrative, or explanation. ✅ Evidence-based: While the thesis statement itself doesn’t include evidence, it sets up an argument that can be supported with evidence in the body of the essay. ✅ Placement: Generally, the thesis statement is placed at the end of the introduction of an essay.

Try These AI Prompts – Thesis Statement Generator!

One way to brainstorm thesis statements is to get AI to brainstorm some for you! Try this AI prompt:

💡 AI PROMPT FOR EXPOSITORY THESIS STATEMENT I am writing an essay on [TOPIC] and these are the instructions my teacher gave me: [INSTUCTIONS]. I want you to create an expository thesis statement that doesn’t argue a position, but demonstrates depth of knowledge about the topic.

💡 AI PROMPT FOR ARGUMENTATIVE THESIS STATEMENT I am writing an essay on [TOPIC] and these are the instructions my teacher gave me: [INSTRUCTIONS]. I want you to create an argumentative thesis statement that clearly takes a position on this issue.

💡 AI PROMPT FOR COMPARE AND CONTRAST THESIS STATEMENT I am writing a compare and contrast essay that compares [Concept 1] and [Concept2]. Give me 5 potential single-sentence thesis statements that remain objective.

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25 Thesis Statement Examples That Will Make Writing a Breeze

Understanding what makes a good thesis statement is one of the major keys to writing a great research paper or argumentative essay. The thesis statement is where you make a claim that will guide you through your entire paper. If you find yourself struggling to make sense of your paper or your topic, then it's likely due to a weak thesis statement.

Let's take a minute to first understand what makes a solid thesis statement, and what key components you need to write one of your own.

A thesis statement always goes at the beginning of the paper. It will typically be in the first couple of paragraphs of the paper so that it can introduce the body paragraphs, which are the supporting evidence for your thesis statement.

Your thesis statement should clearly identify an argument. You need to have a statement that is not only easy to understand, but one that is debatable. What that means is that you can't just put any statement of fact and have it be your thesis. For example, everyone knows that puppies are cute . An ineffective thesis statement would be, "Puppies are adorable and everyone knows it." This isn't really something that's a debatable topic.

Something that would be more debatable would be, "A puppy's cuteness is derived from its floppy ears, small body, and playfulness." These are three things that can be debated on. Some people might think that the cutest thing about puppies is the fact that they follow you around or that they're really soft and fuzzy.

All cuteness aside, you want to make sure that your thesis statement is not only debatable, but that it also actually thoroughly answers the research question that was posed. You always want to make sure that your evidence is supporting a claim that you made (and not the other way around). This is why it's crucial to read and research about a topic first and come to a conclusion later. If you try to get your research to fit your thesis statement, then it may not work out as neatly as you think. As you learn more, you discover more (and the outcome may not be what you originally thought).

Additionally, your thesis statement shouldn't be too big or too grand. It'll be hard to cover everything in a thesis statement like, "The federal government should act now on climate change." The topic is just too large to actually say something new and meaningful. Instead, a more effective thesis statement might be, "Local governments can combat climate change by providing citizens with larger recycling bins and offering local classes about composting and conservation." This is easier to work with because it's a smaller idea, but you can also discuss the overall topic that you might be interested in, which is climate change.

So, now that we know what makes a good, solid thesis statement, you can start to write your own. If you find that you're getting stuck or you are the type of person who needs to look at examples before you start something, then check out our list of thesis statement examples below.

Thesis statement examples

A quick note that these thesis statements have not been fully researched. These are merely examples to show you what a thesis statement might look like and how you can implement your own ideas into one that you think of independently. As such, you should not use these thesis statements for your own research paper purposes. They are meant to be used as examples only.

Vaccinations Because many children are unable to vaccinate due to illness, we must require that all healthy and able children be vaccinated in order to have herd immunity.
Educational Resources for Low-Income Students Schools should provide educational resources for low-income students during the summers so that they don't forget what they've learned throughout the school year.
School Uniforms School uniforms may be an upfront cost for families, but they eradicate the visual differences in income between students and provide a more egalitarian atmosphere at school.
Populism The rise in populism on the 2016 political stage was in reaction to increasing globalization, the decline of manufacturing jobs, and the Syrian refugee crisis.
Public Libraries Libraries are essential resources for communities and should be funded more heavily by local municipalities.
Cyber Bullying With more and more teens using smartphones and social media, cyber bullying is on the rise. Cyber bullying puts a lot of stress on many teens, and can cause depression, anxiety, and even suicidal thoughts. Parents should limit the usage of smart phones, monitor their children's online activity, and report any cyber bullying to school officials in order to combat this problem.
Medical Marijuana for Veterans Studies have shown that the use of medicinal marijuana has been helpful to veterans who suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Medicinal marijuana prescriptions should be legal in all states and provided to these veterans. Additional medical or therapy services should also be researched and implemented in order to help them re-integrate back into civilian life.
Work-Life Balance Corporations should provide more work from home opportunities and six-hour workdays so that office workers have a better work-life balance and are more likely to be productive when they are in the office.
Teaching Youths about Consensual Sex Although sex education that includes a discussion of consensual sex would likely lead to less sexual assault, parents need to teach their children the meaning of consent from a young age with age appropriate lessons.
Whether or Not to Attend University A degree from a university provides invaluable lessons on life and a future career, but not every high school student should be encouraged to attend a university directly after graduation. Some students may benefit from a trade school or a "gap year" where they can think more intensely about what it is they want to do for a career and how they can accomplish this.
Studying Abroad Studying abroad is one of the most culturally valuable experiences you can have in college. It is the only way to get completely immersed in another language and learn how other cultures and countries are different from your own.
Women's Body Image Magazines have done a lot in the last five years to include a more diverse group of models, but there is still a long way to go to promote a healthy woman's body image collectively as a culture.
Cigarette Tax Heavily taxing and increasing the price of cigarettes is essentially a tax on the poorest Americans, and it doesn't deter them from purchasing. Instead, the state and federal governments should target those economically disenfranchised with early education about the dangers of smoking.
Veganism A vegan diet, while a healthy and ethical way to consume food, indicates a position of privilege. It also limits you to other cultural food experiences if you travel around the world.
University Athletes Should be Compensated University athletes should be compensated for their service to the university, as it is difficult for these students to procure and hold a job with busy academic and athletic schedules. Many student athletes on scholarship also come from low-income neighborhoods and it is a struggle to make ends meet when they are participating in athletics.
Women in the Workforce Sheryl Sandberg makes a lot of interesting points in her best-selling book, Lean In , but she only addressed the very privileged working woman and failed to speak to those in lower-skilled, lower-wage jobs.
Assisted Suicide Assisted suicide should be legal and doctors should have the ability to make sure their patients have the end-of-life care that they want to receive.
Celebrity and Political Activism Although Taylor Swift's lyrics are indicative of a feminist perspective, she should be more politically active and vocal to use her position of power for the betterment of society.
The Civil War The insistence from many Southerners that the South seceded from the Union for states' rights versus the fact that they seceded for the purposes of continuing slavery is a harmful myth that still affects race relations today.
Blue Collar Workers Coal miners and other blue-collar workers whose jobs are slowly disappearing from the workforce should be re-trained in jobs in the technology sector or in renewable energy. A program to re-train these workers would not only improve local economies where jobs have been displaced, but would also lead to lower unemployment nationally.
Diversity in the Workforce Having a diverse group of people in an office setting leads to richer ideas, more cooperation, and more empathy between people with different skin colors or backgrounds.
Re-Imagining the Nuclear Family The nuclear family was traditionally defined as one mother, one father, and 2.5 children. This outdated depiction of family life doesn't quite fit with modern society. The definition of normal family life shouldn't be limited to two-parent households.
Digital Literacy Skills With more information readily available than ever before, it's crucial that students are prepared to examine the material they're reading and determine whether or not it's a good source or if it has misleading information. Teaching students digital literacy and helping them to understand the difference between opinion or propaganda from legitimate, real information is integral.
Beauty Pageants Beauty pageants are presented with the angle that they empower women. However, putting women in a swimsuit on a stage while simultaneously judging them on how well they answer an impossible question in a short period of time is cruel and purely for the amusement of men. Therefore, we should stop televising beauty pageants.
Supporting More Women to Run for a Political Position In order to get more women into political positions, more women must run for office. There must be a grassroots effort to educate women on how to run for office, who among them should run, and support for a future candidate for getting started on a political career.

Still stuck? Need some help with your thesis statement?

If you are still uncertain about how to write a thesis statement or what a good thesis statement is, be sure to consult with your teacher or professor to make sure you're on the right track. It's always a good idea to check in and make sure that your thesis statement is making a solid argument and that it can be supported by your research.

After you're done writing, it's important to have someone take a second look at your paper so that you can ensure there are no mistakes or errors. It's difficult to spot your own mistakes, which is why it's always recommended to have someone help you with the revision process, whether that's a teacher, the writing center at school, or a professional editor such as one from ServiceScape .

Think of yourself as a member of a jury, listening to a lawyer who is presenting an opening argument. You'll want to know very soon whether the lawyer believes the accused to be guilty or not guilty, and how the lawyer plans to convince you. Readers of academic essays are like jury members: before they have read too far, they want to know what the essay argues as well as how the writer plans to make the argument. After reading your thesis statement, the reader should think, "This essay is going to try to convince me of something. I'm not convinced yet, but I'm interested to see how I might be."

An effective thesis cannot be answered with a simple "yes" or "no." A thesis is not a topic; nor is it a fact; nor is it an opinion. "Reasons for the fall of communism" is a topic. "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe" is a fact known by educated people. "The fall of communism is the best thing that ever happened in Europe" is an opinion. (Superlatives like "the best" almost always lead to trouble. It's impossible to weigh every "thing" that ever happened in Europe. And what about the fall of Hitler? Couldn't that be "the best thing"?)

A good thesis has two parts. It should tell what you plan to argue, and it should "telegraph" how you plan to argue—that is, what particular support for your claim is going where in your essay.

Steps in Constructing a Thesis

First, analyze your primary sources. Look for tension, interest, ambiguity, controversy, and/or complication. Does the author contradict himself or herself? Is a point made and later reversed? What are the deeper implications of the author's argument? Figuring out the why to one or more of these questions, or to related questions, will put you on the path to developing a working thesis. (Without the why, you probably have only come up with an observation—that there are, for instance, many different metaphors in such-and-such a poem—which is not a thesis.)

Once you have a working thesis, write it down. There is nothing as frustrating as hitting on a great idea for a thesis, then forgetting it when you lose concentration. And by writing down your thesis you will be forced to think of it clearly, logically, and concisely. You probably will not be able to write out a final-draft version of your thesis the first time you try, but you'll get yourself on the right track by writing down what you have.

Keep your thesis prominent in your introduction. A good, standard place for your thesis statement is at the end of an introductory paragraph, especially in shorter (5-15 page) essays. Readers are used to finding theses there, so they automatically pay more attention when they read the last sentence of your introduction. Although this is not required in all academic essays, it is a good rule of thumb.

Anticipate the counterarguments. Once you have a working thesis, you should think about what might be said against it. This will help you to refine your thesis, and it will also make you think of the arguments that you'll need to refute later on in your essay. (Every argument has a counterargument. If yours doesn't, then it's not an argument—it may be a fact, or an opinion, but it is not an argument.)

This statement is on its way to being a thesis. However, it is too easy to imagine possible counterarguments. For example, a political observer might believe that Dukakis lost because he suffered from a "soft-on-crime" image. If you complicate your thesis by anticipating the counterargument, you'll strengthen your argument, as shown in the sentence below.

Some Caveats and Some Examples

A thesis is never a question. Readers of academic essays expect to have questions discussed, explored, or even answered. A question ("Why did communism collapse in Eastern Europe?") is not an argument, and without an argument, a thesis is dead in the water.

A thesis is never a list. "For political, economic, social and cultural reasons, communism collapsed in Eastern Europe" does a good job of "telegraphing" the reader what to expect in the essay—a section about political reasons, a section about economic reasons, a section about social reasons, and a section about cultural reasons. However, political, economic, social and cultural reasons are pretty much the only possible reasons why communism could collapse. This sentence lacks tension and doesn't advance an argument. Everyone knows that politics, economics, and culture are important.

A thesis should never be vague, combative or confrontational. An ineffective thesis would be, "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe because communism is evil." This is hard to argue (evil from whose perspective? what does evil mean?) and it is likely to mark you as moralistic and judgmental rather than rational and thorough. It also may spark a defensive reaction from readers sympathetic to communism. If readers strongly disagree with you right off the bat, they may stop reading.

An effective thesis has a definable, arguable claim. "While cultural forces contributed to the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, the disintegration of economies played the key role in driving its decline" is an effective thesis sentence that "telegraphs," so that the reader expects the essay to have a section about cultural forces and another about the disintegration of economies. This thesis makes a definite, arguable claim: that the disintegration of economies played a more important role than cultural forces in defeating communism in Eastern Europe. The reader would react to this statement by thinking, "Perhaps what the author says is true, but I am not convinced. I want to read further to see how the author argues this claim."

A thesis should be as clear and specific as possible. Avoid overused, general terms and abstractions. For example, "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe because of the ruling elite's inability to address the economic concerns of the people" is more powerful than "Communism collapsed due to societal discontent."

The Writing Center • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Thesis Statements

What this handout is about.

This handout describes what a thesis statement is, how thesis statements work in your writing, and how you can craft or refine one for your draft.

Introduction

Writing in college often takes the form of persuasion—convincing others that you have an interesting, logical point of view on the subject you are studying. Persuasion is a skill you practice regularly in your daily life. You persuade your roommate to clean up, your parents to let you borrow the car, your friend to vote for your favorite candidate or policy. In college, course assignments often ask you to make a persuasive case in writing. You are asked to convince your reader of your point of view. This form of persuasion, often called academic argument, follows a predictable pattern in writing. After a brief introduction of your topic, you state your point of view on the topic directly and often in one sentence. This sentence is the thesis statement, and it serves as a summary of the argument you’ll make in the rest of your paper.

What is a thesis statement?

A thesis statement:

tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion.
is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper.
directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself. The subject, or topic, of an essay might be World War II or Moby Dick; a thesis must then offer a way to understand the war or the novel.
makes a claim that others might dispute.
is usually a single sentence near the beginning of your paper (most often, at the end of the first paragraph) that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.

If your assignment asks you to take a position or develop a claim about a subject, you may need to convey that position or claim in a thesis statement near the beginning of your draft. The assignment may not explicitly state that you need a thesis statement because your instructor may assume you will include one. When in doubt, ask your instructor if the assignment requires a thesis statement. When an assignment asks you to analyze, to interpret, to compare and contrast, to demonstrate cause and effect, or to take a stand on an issue, it is likely that you are being asked to develop a thesis and to support it persuasively. (Check out our handout on understanding assignments for more information.)

How do I create a thesis?

A thesis is the result of a lengthy thinking process. Formulating a thesis is not the first thing you do after reading an essay assignment. Before you develop an argument on any topic, you have to collect and organize evidence, look for possible relationships between known facts (such as surprising contrasts or similarities), and think about the significance of these relationships. Once you do this thinking, you will probably have a “working thesis” that presents a basic or main idea and an argument that you think you can support with evidence. Both the argument and your thesis are likely to need adjustment along the way.

Writers use all kinds of techniques to stimulate their thinking and to help them clarify relationships or comprehend the broader significance of a topic and arrive at a thesis statement. For more ideas on how to get started, see our handout on brainstorming .

How do I know if my thesis is strong?

If there’s time, run it by your instructor or make an appointment at the Writing Center to get some feedback. Even if you do not have time to get advice elsewhere, you can do some thesis evaluation of your own. When reviewing your first draft and its working thesis, ask yourself the following :

Do I answer the question? Re-reading the question prompt after constructing a working thesis can help you fix an argument that misses the focus of the question. If the prompt isn’t phrased as a question, try to rephrase it. For example, “Discuss the effect of X on Y” can be rephrased as “What is the effect of X on Y?”
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? If your thesis simply states facts that no one would, or even could, disagree with, it’s possible that you are simply providing a summary, rather than making an argument.
Is my thesis statement specific enough? Thesis statements that are too vague often do not have a strong argument. If your thesis contains words like “good” or “successful,” see if you could be more specific: why is something “good”; what specifically makes something “successful”?
Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? If a reader’s first response is likely to be “So what?” then you need to clarify, to forge a relationship, or to connect to a larger issue.
Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering? If your thesis and the body of your essay do not seem to go together, one of them has to change. It’s okay to change your working thesis to reflect things you have figured out in the course of writing your paper. Remember, always reassess and revise your writing as necessary.
Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? If a reader’s first response is “how?” or “why?” your thesis may be too open-ended and lack guidance for the reader. See what you can add to give the reader a better take on your position right from the beginning.

Suppose you are taking a course on contemporary communication, and the instructor hands out the following essay assignment: “Discuss the impact of social media on public awareness.” Looking back at your notes, you might start with this working thesis:

Social media impacts public awareness in both positive and negative ways.

You can use the questions above to help you revise this general statement into a stronger thesis.

Do I answer the question? You can analyze this if you rephrase “discuss the impact” as “what is the impact?” This way, you can see that you’ve answered the question only very generally with the vague “positive and negative ways.”
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not likely. Only people who maintain that social media has a solely positive or solely negative impact could disagree.
Is my thesis statement specific enough? No. What are the positive effects? What are the negative effects?
Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? No. Why are they positive? How are they positive? What are their causes? Why are they negative? How are they negative? What are their causes?
Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? No. Why should anyone care about the positive and/or negative impact of social media?

After thinking about your answers to these questions, you decide to focus on the one impact you feel strongly about and have strong evidence for:

Because not every voice on social media is reliable, people have become much more critical consumers of information, and thus, more informed voters.

This version is a much stronger thesis! It answers the question, takes a specific position that others can challenge, and it gives a sense of why it matters.

Let’s try another. Suppose your literature professor hands out the following assignment in a class on the American novel: Write an analysis of some aspect of Mark Twain’s novel Huckleberry Finn. “This will be easy,” you think. “I loved Huckleberry Finn!” You grab a pad of paper and write:

Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is a great American novel.

You begin to analyze your thesis:

Do I answer the question? No. The prompt asks you to analyze some aspect of the novel. Your working thesis is a statement of general appreciation for the entire novel.

Think about aspects of the novel that are important to its structure or meaning—for example, the role of storytelling, the contrasting scenes between the shore and the river, or the relationships between adults and children. Now you write:

In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore.

Do I answer the question? Yes!
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not really. This contrast is well-known and accepted.
Is my thesis statement specific enough? It’s getting there–you have highlighted an important aspect of the novel for investigation. However, it’s still not clear what your analysis will reveal.
Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? Not yet. Compare scenes from the book and see what you discover. Free write, make lists, jot down Huck’s actions and reactions and anything else that seems interesting.
Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? What’s the point of this contrast? What does it signify?”

After examining the evidence and considering your own insights, you write:

Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twain’s Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of American democratic ideals, one must leave “civilized” society and go back to nature.

This final thesis statement presents an interpretation of a literary work based on an analysis of its content. Of course, for the essay itself to be successful, you must now present evidence from the novel that will convince the reader of your interpretation.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Anson, Chris M., and Robert A. Schwegler. 2010. The Longman Handbook for Writers and Readers , 6th ed. New York: Longman.

Lunsford, Andrea A. 2015. The St. Martin’s Handbook , 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St Martin’s.

Ramage, John D., John C. Bean, and June Johnson. 2018. The Allyn & Bacon Guide to Writing , 8th ed. New York: Pearson.

Ruszkiewicz, John J., Christy Friend, Daniel Seward, and Maxine Hairston. 2010. The Scott, Foresman Handbook for Writers , 9th ed. Boston: Pearson Education.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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How to write a thesis statement + examples

What is a thesis statement?

Is a thesis statement a question, how do you write a good thesis statement, how do i know if my thesis statement is good, examples of thesis statements, helpful resources on how to write a thesis statement, frequently asked questions about writing a thesis statement, related articles.

A thesis statement is the main argument of your paper or thesis.

The thesis statement is one of the most important elements of any piece of academic writing . It is a brief statement of your paper’s main argument. Essentially, you are stating what you will be writing about.

You can see your thesis statement as an answer to a question. While it also contains the question, it should really give an answer to the question with new information and not just restate or reiterate it.

Your thesis statement is part of your introduction. Learn more about how to write a good thesis introduction in our introduction guide .

A thesis statement is not a question. A statement must be arguable and provable through evidence and analysis. While your thesis might stem from a research question, it should be in the form of a statement.

Tip: A thesis statement is typically 1-2 sentences. For a longer project like a thesis, the statement may be several sentences or a paragraph.

A good thesis statement needs to do the following:

Condense the main idea of your thesis into one or two sentences.
Answer your project’s main research question.
Clearly state your position in relation to the topic .
Make an argument that requires support or evidence.

Once you have written down a thesis statement, check if it fulfills the following criteria:

Your statement needs to be provable by evidence. As an argument, a thesis statement needs to be debatable.
Your statement needs to be precise. Do not give away too much information in the thesis statement and do not load it with unnecessary information.
Your statement cannot say that one solution is simply right or simply wrong as a matter of fact. You should draw upon verified facts to persuade the reader of your solution, but you cannot just declare something as right or wrong.

As previously mentioned, your thesis statement should answer a question.

If the question is:

What do you think the City of New York should do to reduce traffic congestion?

A good thesis statement restates the question and answers it:

In this paper, I will argue that the City of New York should focus on providing exclusive lanes for public transport and adaptive traffic signals to reduce traffic congestion by the year 2035.

Here is another example. If the question is:

How can we end poverty?

A good thesis statement should give more than one solution to the problem in question:

In this paper, I will argue that introducing universal basic income can help reduce poverty and positively impact the way we work.

The Writing Center of the University of North Carolina has a list of questions to ask to see if your thesis is strong .

A thesis statement is part of the introduction of your paper. It is usually found in the first or second paragraph to let the reader know your research purpose from the beginning.

In general, a thesis statement should have one or two sentences. But the length really depends on the overall length of your project. Take a look at our guide about the length of thesis statements for more insight on this topic.

Here is a list of Thesis Statement Examples that will help you understand better how to write them.

Every good essay should include a thesis statement as part of its introduction, no matter the academic level. Of course, if you are a high school student you are not expected to have the same type of thesis as a PhD student.

Here is a great YouTube tutorial showing How To Write An Essay: Thesis Statements .

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How to Write a Strong Thesis Statement: 4 Steps + Examples

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When you set out to write an essay, there has to be some kind of point to it, right? Otherwise, your essay would just be a big jumble of word salad that makes absolutely no sense. An essay needs a central point that ties into everything else. That main point is called a thesis statement, and it’s the core of any essay or research paper.

You may hear about Master degree candidates writing a thesis, and that is an entire paper–not to be confused with the thesis statement, which is typically one sentence that contains your paper’s focus.

Read on to learn more about thesis statements and how to write them. We’ve also included some solid examples for you to reference.

Typically the last sentence of your introductory paragraph, the thesis statement serves as the roadmap for your essay. When your reader gets to the thesis statement, they should have a clear outline of your main point, as well as the information you’ll be presenting in order to either prove or support your point.

The thesis statement should not be confused for a topic sentence , which is the first sentence of every paragraph in your essay. If you need help writing topic sentences, numerous resources are available. Topic sentences should go along with your thesis statement, though.

Since the thesis statement is the most important sentence of your entire essay or paper, it’s imperative that you get this part right. Otherwise, your paper will not have a good flow and will seem disjointed. That’s why it’s vital not to rush through developing one. It’s a methodical process with steps that you need to follow in order to create the best thesis statement possible.

Step 1: Decide what kind of paper you’re writing

When you’re assigned an essay, there are several different types you may get. Argumentative essays are designed to get the reader to agree with you on a topic. Informative or expository essays present information to the reader. Analytical essays offer up a point and then expand on it by analyzing relevant information. Thesis statements can look and sound different based on the type of paper you’re writing. For example:

Argumentative: The United States needs a viable third political party to decrease bipartisanship, increase options, and help reduce corruption in government.
Informative: The Libertarian party has thrown off elections before by gaining enough support in states to get on the ballot and by taking away crucial votes from candidates.
Analytical: An analysis of past presidential elections shows that while third party votes may have been the minority, they did affect the outcome of the elections in 2020, 2016, and beyond.

Step 2: Figure out what point you want to make

Once you know what type of paper you’re writing, you then need to figure out the point you want to make with your thesis statement, and subsequently, your paper. In other words, you need to decide to answer a question about something, such as:

What impact did reality TV have on American society?
How has the musical Hamilton affected perception of American history?
Why do I want to major in [chosen major here]?

If you have an argumentative essay, then you will be writing about an opinion. To make it easier, you may want to choose an opinion that you feel passionate about so that you’re writing about something that interests you. For example, if you have an interest in preserving the environment, you may want to choose a topic that relates to that.

If you’re writing your college essay and they ask why you want to attend that school, you may want to have a main point and back it up with information, something along the lines of:

“Attending Harvard University would benefit me both academically and professionally, as it would give me a strong knowledge base upon which to build my career, develop my network, and hopefully give me an advantage in my chosen field.”

Step 3: Determine what information you’ll use to back up your point

Once you have the point you want to make, you need to figure out how you plan to back it up throughout the rest of your essay. Without this information, it will be hard to either prove or argue the main point of your thesis statement. If you decide to write about the Hamilton example, you may decide to address any falsehoods that the writer put into the musical, such as:

“The musical Hamilton, while accurate in many ways, leaves out key parts of American history, presents a nationalist view of founding fathers, and downplays the racism of the times.”

Once you’ve written your initial working thesis statement, you’ll then need to get information to back that up. For example, the musical completely leaves out Benjamin Franklin, portrays the founding fathers in a nationalist way that is too complimentary, and shows Hamilton as a staunch abolitionist despite the fact that his family likely did own slaves.

Step 4: Revise and refine your thesis statement before you start writing

Read through your thesis statement several times before you begin to compose your full essay. You need to make sure the statement is ironclad, since it is the foundation of the entire paper. Edit it or have a peer review it for you to make sure everything makes sense and that you feel like you can truly write a paper on the topic. Once you’ve done that, you can then begin writing your paper.

When writing a thesis statement, there are some common pitfalls you should avoid so that your paper can be as solid as possible. Make sure you always edit the thesis statement before you do anything else. You also want to ensure that the thesis statement is clear and concise. Don’t make your reader hunt for your point. Finally, put your thesis statement at the end of the first paragraph and have your introduction flow toward that statement. Your reader will expect to find your statement in its traditional spot.

If you’re having trouble getting started, or need some guidance on your essay, there are tools available that can help you. CollegeVine offers a free peer essay review tool where one of your peers can read through your essay and provide you with valuable feedback. Getting essay feedback from a peer can help you wow your instructor or college admissions officer with an impactful essay that effectively illustrates your point.

What is a thesis statement?

A thesis statement . . .

Makes an argumentative assertion about a topic; it states the conclusions that you have reached about your topic.
Makes a promise to the reader about the scope, purpose, and direction of your paper.
Is focused and specific enough to be “proven” within the boundaries of your paper.
Is generally located near the end of the introduction ; sometimes, in a long paper, the thesis will be expressed in several sentences or in an entire paragraph.
Identifies the relationships between the pieces of evidence that you are using to support your argument.

Not all papers require thesis statements! Ask your instructor if you’re in doubt whether you need one.

Identify a topic

Your topic is the subject about which you will write. Your assignment may suggest several ways of looking at a topic; or it may name a fairly general concept that you will explore or analyze in your paper.

Consider what your assignment asks you to do

Inform yourself about your topic, focus on one aspect of your topic, ask yourself whether your topic is worthy of your efforts, generate a topic from an assignment.

Below are some possible topics based on sample assignments.

Sample assignment 1

Analyze Spain’s neutrality in World War II.

Identified topic

Franco’s role in the diplomatic relationships between the Allies and the Axis

This topic avoids generalities such as “Spain” and “World War II,” addressing instead on Franco’s role (a specific aspect of “Spain”) and the diplomatic relations between the Allies and Axis (a specific aspect of World War II).

Sample assignment 2

Analyze one of Homer’s epic similes in the Iliad.

The relationship between the portrayal of warfare and the epic simile about Simoisius at 4.547-64.

This topic focuses on a single simile and relates it to a single aspect of the Iliad ( warfare being a major theme in that work).

Developing a Thesis Statement–Additional information

Your assignment may suggest several ways of looking at a topic, or it may name a fairly general concept that you will explore or analyze in your paper. You’ll want to read your assignment carefully, looking for key terms that you can use to focus your topic.

Sample assignment: Analyze Spain’s neutrality in World War II Key terms: analyze, Spain’s neutrality, World War II

After you’ve identified the key words in your topic, the next step is to read about them in several sources, or generate as much information as possible through an analysis of your topic. Obviously, the more material or knowledge you have, the more possibilities will be available for a strong argument. For the sample assignment above, you’ll want to look at books and articles on World War II in general, and Spain’s neutrality in particular.

As you consider your options, you must decide to focus on one aspect of your topic. This means that you cannot include everything you’ve learned about your topic, nor should you go off in several directions. If you end up covering too many different aspects of a topic, your paper will sprawl and be unconvincing in its argument, and it most likely will not fulfull the assignment requirements.

For the sample assignment above, both Spain’s neutrality and World War II are topics far too broad to explore in a paper. You may instead decide to focus on Franco’s role in the diplomatic relationships between the Allies and the Axis , which narrows down what aspects of Spain’s neutrality and World War II you want to discuss, as well as establishes a specific link between those two aspects.

Before you go too far, however, ask yourself whether your topic is worthy of your efforts. Try to avoid topics that already have too much written about them (i.e., “eating disorders and body image among adolescent women”) or that simply are not important (i.e. “why I like ice cream”). These topics may lead to a thesis that is either dry fact or a weird claim that cannot be supported. A good thesis falls somewhere between the two extremes. To arrive at this point, ask yourself what is new, interesting, contestable, or controversial about your topic.

As you work on your thesis, remember to keep the rest of your paper in mind at all times . Sometimes your thesis needs to evolve as you develop new insights, find new evidence, or take a different approach to your topic.

Derive a main point from topic

Once you have a topic, you will have to decide what the main point of your paper will be. This point, the “controlling idea,” becomes the core of your argument (thesis statement) and it is the unifying idea to which you will relate all your sub-theses. You can then turn this “controlling idea” into a purpose statement about what you intend to do in your paper.

Look for patterns in your evidence

Compose a purpose statement.

Consult the examples below for suggestions on how to look for patterns in your evidence and construct a purpose statement.

Franco first tried to negotiate with the Axis
Franco turned to the Allies when he couldn’t get some concessions that he wanted from the Axis

Possible conclusion:

Spain’s neutrality in WWII occurred for an entirely personal reason: Franco’s desire to preserve his own (and Spain’s) power.

Purpose statement

This paper will analyze Franco’s diplomacy during World War II to see how it contributed to Spain’s neutrality.

The simile compares Simoisius to a tree, which is a peaceful, natural image.
The tree in the simile is chopped down to make wheels for a chariot, which is an object used in warfare.

At first, the simile seems to take the reader away from the world of warfare, but we end up back in that world by the end.

This paper will analyze the way the simile about Simoisius at 4.547-64 moves in and out of the world of warfare.

Derive purpose statement from topic

To find out what your “controlling idea” is, you have to examine and evaluate your evidence . As you consider your evidence, you may notice patterns emerging, data repeated in more than one source, or facts that favor one view more than another. These patterns or data may then lead you to some conclusions about your topic and suggest that you can successfully argue for one idea better than another.

For instance, you might find out that Franco first tried to negotiate with the Axis, but when he couldn’t get some concessions that he wanted from them, he turned to the Allies. As you read more about Franco’s decisions, you may conclude that Spain’s neutrality in WWII occurred for an entirely personal reason: his desire to preserve his own (and Spain’s) power. Based on this conclusion, you can then write a trial thesis statement to help you decide what material belongs in your paper.

Sometimes you won’t be able to find a focus or identify your “spin” or specific argument immediately. Like some writers, you might begin with a purpose statement just to get yourself going. A purpose statement is one or more sentences that announce your topic and indicate the structure of the paper but do not state the conclusions you have drawn . Thus, you might begin with something like this:

This paper will look at modern language to see if it reflects male dominance or female oppression.
I plan to analyze anger and derision in offensive language to see if they represent a challenge of society’s authority.

At some point, you can turn a purpose statement into a thesis statement. As you think and write about your topic, you can restrict, clarify, and refine your argument, crafting your thesis statement to reflect your thinking.

As you work on your thesis, remember to keep the rest of your paper in mind at all times. Sometimes your thesis needs to evolve as you develop new insights, find new evidence, or take a different approach to your topic.

Compose a draft thesis statement

If you are writing a paper that will have an argumentative thesis and are having trouble getting started, the techniques in the table below may help you develop a temporary or “working” thesis statement.

Begin with a purpose statement that you will later turn into a thesis statement.

Assignment: Discuss the history of the Reform Party and explain its influence on the 1990 presidential and Congressional election.

Purpose Statement: This paper briefly sketches the history of the grassroots, conservative, Perot-led Reform Party and analyzes how it influenced the economic and social ideologies of the two mainstream parties.

Question-to-Assertion

If your assignment asks a specific question(s), turn the question(s) into an assertion and give reasons why it is true or reasons for your opinion.

Assignment : What do Aylmer and Rappaccini have to be proud of? Why aren’t they satisfied with these things? How does pride, as demonstrated in “The Birthmark” and “Rappaccini’s Daughter,” lead to unexpected problems?

Beginning thesis statement: Alymer and Rappaccinni are proud of their great knowledge; however, they are also very greedy and are driven to use their knowledge to alter some aspect of nature as a test of their ability. Evil results when they try to “play God.”

Write a sentence that summarizes the main idea of the essay you plan to write.

Main idea: The reason some toys succeed in the market is that they appeal to the consumers’ sense of the ridiculous and their basic desire to laugh at themselves.

Make a list of the ideas that you want to include; consider the ideas and try to group them.

nature = peaceful
war matériel = violent (competes with 1?)
need for time and space to mourn the dead
war is inescapable (competes with 3?)

Use a formula to arrive at a working thesis statement (you will revise this later).

although most readers of _______ have argued that _______, closer examination shows that _______.
_______ uses _______ and _____ to prove that ________.
phenomenon x is a result of the combination of __________, __________, and _________.

What to keep in mind as you draft an initial thesis statement

Beginning statements obtained through the methods illustrated above can serve as a framework for planning or drafting your paper, but remember they’re not yet the specific, argumentative thesis you want for the final version of your paper. In fact, in its first stages, a thesis statement usually is ill-formed or rough and serves only as a planning tool.

As you write, you may discover evidence that does not fit your temporary or “working” thesis. Or you may reach deeper insights about your topic as you do more research, and you will find that your thesis statement has to be more complicated to match the evidence that you want to use.

You must be willing to reject or omit some evidence in order to keep your paper cohesive and your reader focused. Or you may have to revise your thesis to match the evidence and insights that you want to discuss. Read your draft carefully, noting the conclusions you have drawn and the major ideas which support or prove those conclusions. These will be the elements of your final thesis statement.

Sometimes you will not be able to identify these elements in your early drafts, but as you consider how your argument is developing and how your evidence supports your main idea, ask yourself, “ What is the main point that I want to prove/discuss? ” and “ How will I convince the reader that this is true? ” When you can answer these questions, then you can begin to refine the thesis statement.

Refine and polish the thesis statement

To get to your final thesis, you’ll need to refine your draft thesis so that it’s specific and arguable.

Ask if your draft thesis addresses the assignment
Question each part of your draft thesis
Clarify vague phrases and assertions
Investigate alternatives to your draft thesis

Consult the example below for suggestions on how to refine your draft thesis statement.

Sample Assignment

Choose an activity and define it as a symbol of American culture. Your essay should cause the reader to think critically about the society which produces and enjoys that activity.

Ask The phenomenon of drive-in facilities is an interesting symbol of american culture, and these facilities demonstrate significant characteristics of our society.This statement does not fulfill the assignment because it does not require the reader to think critically about society.

Drive-ins are an interesting symbol of American culture because they represent Americans’ significant creativity and business ingenuity.

Among the types of drive-in facilities familiar during the twentieth century, drive-in movie theaters best represent American creativity, not merely because they were the forerunner of later drive-ins and drive-throughs, but because of their impact on our culture: they changed our relationship to the automobile, changed the way people experienced movies, and changed movie-going into a family activity.

While drive-in facilities such as those at fast-food establishments, banks, pharmacies, and dry cleaners symbolize America’s economic ingenuity, they also have affected our personal standards.

While drive-in facilities such as those at fast- food restaurants, banks, pharmacies, and dry cleaners symbolize (1) Americans’ business ingenuity, they also have contributed (2) to an increasing homogenization of our culture, (3) a willingness to depersonalize relationships with others, and (4) a tendency to sacrifice quality for convenience.

This statement is now specific and fulfills all parts of the assignment. This version, like any good thesis, is not self-evident; its points, 1-4, will have to be proven with evidence in the body of the paper. The numbers in this statement indicate the order in which the points will be presented. Depending on the length of the paper, there could be one paragraph for each numbered item or there could be blocks of paragraph for even pages for each one.

Complete the final thesis statement

The bottom line.

As you move through the process of crafting a thesis, you’ll need to remember four things:

Context matters! Think about your course materials and lectures. Try to relate your thesis to the ideas your instructor is discussing.
As you go through the process described in this section, always keep your assignment in mind . You will be more successful when your thesis (and paper) responds to the assignment than if it argues a semi-related idea.
Your thesis statement should be precise, focused, and contestable ; it should predict the sub-theses or blocks of information that you will use to prove your argument.
Make sure that you keep the rest of your paper in mind at all times. Change your thesis as your paper evolves, because you do not want your thesis to promise more than your paper actually delivers.

In the beginning, the thesis statement was a tool to help you sharpen your focus, limit material and establish the paper’s purpose. When your paper is finished, however, the thesis statement becomes a tool for your reader. It tells the reader what you have learned about your topic and what evidence led you to your conclusion. It keeps the reader on track–well able to understand and appreciate your argument.

Writing Process and Structure

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Getting Started with Your Paper

Interpreting Writing Assignments from Your Courses

Generating Ideas for

Creating an Argument

Thesis vs. Purpose Statements

Architecture of Arguments

Working with Sources

Quoting and Paraphrasing Sources

Using Literary Quotations

Citing Sources in Your Paper

Drafting Your Paper

Generating Ideas for Your Paper

Introductions

Paragraphing

Developing Strategic Transitions

Conclusions

Revising Your Paper

Peer Reviews

Reverse Outlines

Revising an Argumentative Paper

Revision Strategies for Longer Projects

Finishing Your Paper

Twelve Common Errors: An Editing Checklist

How to Proofread your Paper

Writing Collaboratively

Collaborative and Group Writing

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Tips and Examples for Writing Thesis Statements

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Tips for Writing Your Thesis Statement

1. Determine what kind of paper you are writing:

An analytical paper breaks down an issue or an idea into its component parts, evaluates the issue or idea, and presents this breakdown and evaluation to the audience.
An expository (explanatory) paper explains something to the audience.
An argumentative paper makes a claim about a topic and justifies this claim with specific evidence. The claim could be an opinion, a policy proposal, an evaluation, a cause-and-effect statement, or an interpretation. The goal of the argumentative paper is to convince the audience that the claim is true based on the evidence provided.

If you are writing a text that does not fall under these three categories (e.g., a narrative), a thesis statement somewhere in the first paragraph could still be helpful to your reader.

2. Your thesis statement should be specific—it should cover only what you will discuss in your paper and should be supported with specific evidence.

3. The thesis statement usually appears at the end of the first paragraph of a paper.

4. Your topic may change as you write, so you may need to revise your thesis statement to reflect exactly what you have discussed in the paper.

Thesis Statement Examples

Example of an analytical thesis statement:

The paper that follows should:

Explain the analysis of the college admission process
Explain the challenge facing admissions counselors

Example of an expository (explanatory) thesis statement:

Explain how students spend their time studying, attending class, and socializing with peers

Example of an argumentative thesis statement:

Present an argument and give evidence to support the claim that students should pursue community projects before entering college

How to Order

Thesis Writing

Thesis Topics

Interesting Thesis Topics & Ideas To Get Started

17 min read

Thesis Topics for Students

We’ll start with a comprehensive list of thesis ideas for students, then move on to topics for multiple fields.

Thesis Topics for College Students

Exploring the psychological effects of student loan debt on college graduates
The challenges and opportunities of globalization
The role of education and social mobility in reducing inequality
The impact of immigration on the economy and society
The potential of new technologies to improve healthcare outcomes
The impact of online learning on student engagement and achievement
What is the role of artificial intelligence in business decision-making?
High school bullying and its long-term effects on mental health and social adjustment
The challenges and opportunities of diversity and inclusion in education
The impact of early childhood education on long-term success

Senior Thesis Topics

The industrial revolution has increased the gap between the rich and the poor. How?
What are the effects of global warming on the world’s population?
Feminism is becoming as bad as racism. How?
The relationship between social media usage and perceptions of loneliness
The long-term effects of income inequality on economic growth
Placement by age vs. placement by academic ability. Which should be preferred?
How have viruses such as HIV-AIDS, affected the African economy?
What are the common sleep disorders and their treatments?
Using animals for sports and entertainment: Is it legal or illegal?
Discuss Trump’s “America First” trade and foreign policy.

Paper Due? Why Suffer? That's our Job!

Bachelor Thesis Topics

The impact of E-Sports on traditional sports and the future of competitive gaming
The economics of renewable energy transition: Case study of Germany
The influence of music on cognitive performance and productivity in the workplace
The influence of social media on political movements and activism
The ethical implications of gene editing technologies: A case study on CRISPR-Cas9
Urban green spaces and their impact on mental health: A case study of Singapore
The relationship between smartphone use and sleep quality in young adults
Investigating the psychological factors influencing consumer brand loyalty
Cybersecurity threats and mitigation strategies for small and medium-sized enterprises
The impact of video games on cognitive skills and problem-solving abilities in children

Masters Thesis Topics

Discuss the relationship between literature and the political climate in the 18th century
Explain the relationship between rational thinking and religion
The Civil War is the greatest inspiration for art. Discuss the concept
Gun violence in the USA during the 2010s: A comparative analysis
Cyberbullying can lead to suicides - A case study of Australia
Campus shootings in the USA: Discuss the causes and risk factors
Labor markets in China: An in-depth analysis
What are the impacts of global warming on weather conditions in Iceland?
Explain the women's empowerment in Saudi Arabia in the 2000s
Write a detailed comparison of the anti-nuclear movements in Germany and Japan

MBA Thesis Topics

Discuss a case study of rural marketing projects.
What are the impacts of reducing the retirement age in America?
Mergers and acquisitions: Evaluating the factors contributing to success or failure
How can the banking sector influence the economic growth of India?
Analysis of global supply chain resilience in the post-pandemic business environment
Online marketing on social media platforms is useful for small companies. How?
Write a comparative study of organized trading in the USA and UK
How is technical knowledge essential to make wise financial decisions?
How can consumer purchases influence brand design?
Explore the positive and negative impacts of mobile banking

PhD Thesis Topics

What are the primary professors’ teaching patterns in China?
Discuss the social benefits of same-sex marriages
Discuss the legal issue of child labor in Third World countries.
What is the positive impact of music therapy on patients with brain injuries?
Explain the impacts of 9/11 on new policies against terrorism
Discuss the marketing strategies used in political campaigns
The US presence in Syria: Is it providing justice or violating the law?
Elaborate on the preventive measures to fight obesity among teenagers.
How to treat injuries in diabetic patients?
What are the political and economic effects of Brexit on the UK?

Thesis Topics for Multiple Fields

Here are some interesting and easy to write thesis topics from multiple fields of study.

Thesis Topics in Education

Special education policies in the USA: Are they effective or ineffective?
Why is studying abroad a legitimate excuse for traveling?
Strategies for supporting undergraduate students' transition to college life
Family involvement has a direct impact on a child's performance. Discuss how?
Why are students more likely to do the homework assigned by good-looking professors?
Role of Parental Involvement in early childhood education for academic readiness
Explain the development of emotional intelligence for modern education
Informal learning in rural areas through social networks. Is it possible?
Public school students interact at the same level as the other students. Is it true?
How can reality television disempower students to some extent?

Thesis Topics in Healthcare

How does increased physical activity promote healthy aging?
The impact of telemedicine on healthcare access and quality
Mental health stigma: Addressing barriers to seeking and receiving care
How do Supervised Machine Learning models help in Breast Cancer diagnosis?
Exploring the mental health implications of prolonged pandemic-related stress and isolation
Innovations in remote patient monitoring for chronic disease management
How can we improve the affordability of healthcare without sacrificing quality?
Strategies for addressing the global burden of non-communicable diseases
How can we use social media to promote health literacy and engagement?
How can we use genomics to improve disease prevention and treatment?

Thesis Topics for Computer Science

Quantum computing: The future of data processing and cryptography
How does the feedback system in personnel management work?
Describe the development of an automated workplace
How can data be analyzed by using robust AI algorithms?
Discuss the benefits of the development of a taxi service website
The dark web: Anonymity, security, and law enforcement challenges
Verification of webpage layouts. How is it beneficial?
What are the impacts of mobile computing on global development?
Big data analytics for predictive maintenance in IoT systems
How can AI-assisted surveillance systems decrease mass school shootings in the US?

Architecture Thesis Topics

How have religious buildings in the British Empire affected architecture?
Discuss the role of architects in combating the impacts of climate change
Why should we construct sustainable buildings for offices?
Discuss a case study of small houses to solve homelessness
Why should we develop public places in small cities?
How can architecture revitalize urban areas sustainably?
Are underwater hotels sustainable?
Discuss the transformation of urban design in the 21st century
How can we construct houses in developed countries with low income?
How can architectural design create healing environments in healthcare facilities?

Thesis Topics for Interior Design

Role of biophilic design in reducing stress and anxiety in workplaces
Designing interior spaces for people with dementia
The use of technology to create immersive and interactive interior experiences
Design of interior spaces for future generations
Impact of culture on prisons and other correctional facilities design
Use of universal design to create inclusive restaurants and cafés
Use of materials and finishes to create a sustainable and resilient built environment
What is the impact of interior design on human performance?
Creating inclusive and accessible interior spaces for people with disabilities
What is the future of interior design in the age of climate change?

Thesis Topics for Textile Designing

How to design textiles that are both aesthetically pleasing and functional?
Environmental impact of textile design and how to reduce it
How can textile design improve the performance of sportswear and activewear?
Design a textile collection that is accessible and affordable for people with disabilities
Develop a sustainable textile production process that reduces environmental impact
Investigate the impact of textile design on consumer behavior
Explore the use of sustainable materials in textile design
Challenges and opportunities of new technologies in textile design
Ethical implications of materials and production methods in textile design
How can textile design reduce fashion waste and promote circularity?

Psychology Thesis Topics

Why is emotional intelligence an important factor in professional satisfaction?
The notion of the self – Is it a myth or reality?
Evaluating the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy in managing anxiety
Self-efficacy and academic achievement: A longitudinal study of students
A good IQ level can have long-term benefits for children. Discuss how?
How are emotional disorders directly connected to social cognition?
Analyze the relationship between emotional and episodic memory
How can rational thinking allow us to make better decisions?
How common is depression among homosexual teenagers?
What are the psychological techniques to help obese teens?

Political Science Thesis Topics

Compare the foreign policies of the US and the UK
What were the causes of the American Revolution?
How is religion used as a political power?
What is the role of social movements in politics?
Discuss the consequences of the Civil War
Immigration policies and their impact on social cohesion and diversity
The impact of campaign finance reform on political corruption
What are the negotiation methods during wartime?
Explain the difference between political and armed conflicts
Give a detailed review of the Human Rights Act 1998

Thesis Topics for Law Students

The role of international law in addressing global cybersecurity threats
Human rights and refugee law: Analyzing the legal status of stateless individuals
Legal aspects of intellectual property rights in the fashion industry
Consumer protection laws in E-Commerce: Challenges and emerging trends
How can we ensure that plea bargaining is used fairly and ethically?
Examining the legal and ethical implications of genetic testing and genetic privacy
The evolution of copyright law in the digital era: Balancing innovation and protection
How has globalization changed the landscape of international law?
What is the future of International Law in a world of increasing nationalism?
The impact of race and ethnicity on criminal sentencing

International Relations Thesis Topics

What is the impact of Russia’s intervention in Syria?
Discuss the trade relations between India and Pakistan
Discuss the impacts of the US sanctions on Iran
Explain the reasons for OIC failure
What is the US foreign policy towards North Korea?
Critically analyze the human rights violations in Kashmir
What is the policy of the United States toward Russia?
Discuss lessons learned politically since 9/11
Political problems in Africa have been affected by colonial rule. How?
Discuss how is Israel playing the victim card in the war against Palestine

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History Thesis Topics

How has World War II saved the world?
What is the impact of Buddhism on the Chinese empire?
Discuss the struggles of the North American colonies for independence
Describe the role of the monarchy in the domestic policy of Great Britain
Discuss the impacts of the North Korean nuclear program in Northeast Asia
Evaluate the American and Britain relations during the Cold War Era
Discuss the global impacts of the Great Depression
Explain the Women's rights and woman suffrage: 1848-1920.
Enlist the Military Innovations between WWI & WWII
Discuss the feminist movement from 1845 to 1920

Criminal Justice Thesis Topics

What are the ways to deal with domestic violence?
How can we reduce racial disparities in the criminal justice system?
How is electronic monitoring an abuse of privacy rights?
What can be done to prevent cyber crimes?
What are the common child abuse crimes committed?
How can body cameras reduce police violence?
Why are men more likely to get the death penalty?
How can drug courts help people with addictions?
Discuss the strategies used to stop criminal behavior
Discuss the effectiveness of capital punishment in deterring crime

Thesis Topics in English Literature

The influence of feminist theory on the work of Margaret Atwood
Discuss the effectiveness of verbal communication in displaying feelings
How do people communicate when there is no shared language?
Language travels through time. Discuss the concept
Elaborate on the advantages of learning a second language in graduate school
Discuss the effectiveness of non-verbal communication for displaying emotions.
Shakespearean adaptations in modern literature and film
Narrative techniques in experimental literature and their impact on storytelling
What are the benefits of learning two languages at once as a child?
How to best communicate: Verbally or non-verbally?

Thesis Topics in Mass Communication

Effects of user-generated content on news credibility and trust in online journalism
Impact of deep fake technology on media manipulation and trust in visual media
The role of media in promoting political polarization and extremism
The challenges of reporting on sensitive topics such as war, violence, and trauma
The ethics of using media to exploit or harm vulnerable populations
The influence of TikTok on youth culture and entertainment consumption
How does sports journalism respond to evolving media landscapes?
The role of social media influencers in shaping brand image and consumer behavior
The role of media in promoting corporate interests and agendas
What is the role of media in the surveillance state and the erosion of privacy?

Thesis Topics in Business Administration

How is digital transformation changing business models and strategies?
What role does venture capital play in funding and supporting startups?
The role of data analytics in decision-making and improving business outcomes
The challenges and opportunities of expanding into new markets
What factors influence call center industry employee retention?
Comparing leadership structures in manufacturing and retail sectors
How do varying leadership styles impact worker performance?
Challenges and opportunities of managing supply chains in a globalized economy
Is a Human Resources Officer still relevant in today's businesses?
What is the impact of internal communications on organizational objectives?

Thesis Topics in Physical Education

Role of physical education in preventing childhood obesity
Impact of physical activity on sleep quality and overall well-being
Influence of physical education on self-esteem and body image in adolescents
What strategies promote gender equity in physical education?
How can cultural competency be integrated into physical education programs?
How does virtual physical education impact student engagement?
What factors contribute to successful youth sports and athlete development?
How does assessment and feedback improve student learning in physical education?
How can older adults be encouraged to maintain active lifestyles?
Does physical education have a measurable impact on academic performance?

Civil Engineering Thesis Topics

Assessing the impact of climate change on infrastructure resilience
Optimizing traffic flow and transportation systems for urban mobility
Risk assessment and management in civil engineering projects
Green infrastructure and stormwater management in urban environments
Geotechnical engineering challenges in high-rise building construction
Resilient infrastructure for mitigating the impact of extreme weather events
Smart grids and energy-efficient infrastructure for future cities
The role of 3D printing in construction: Feasibility and applications
Augmented reality and virtual reality in civil engineering education and design
What are the risk factors involved in building skyscrapers?

Cyber Security Thesis Topics

How can network security deal with cyber crimes?
How can an informational system protect your data?
How can we prevent the growth of cyber hackers?
What are the different types of cyber crimes?
How can we make network security affordable for everyone?
Discuss the effectiveness of malware protection software.
How can we improve cybersecurity in wireless networks?
What are the ways to prevent cyber attacks in organizations?
How do people become cyber criminals?
What are the current trends in the field of cybercrime and security?

Sociology Thesis Topics

What are the consequences of adopting a child?
Discuss the concept of female empowerment in a conservative society
Organ transplantation in our society. Is it ethical?
Explain the diffusion and innovation in European culture
What are the challenges that most women face at workplaces?
How difficult is it to be a single parent in a society?
The impact of economic disparities on how people Live: A sociological study
Technology has changed the way we eat. How?
Violations of social norms can be a positive act. How?
What is the relationship between poverty and education?

Philosophy Thesis Topics

What is the nature of truth and reality in a post-modern world?
Is there any life after death?
Can a person be happy without friends and family?
Why is there a need to engage children in physical activities?
Will you have eternal satisfaction if you had all the wealth in the world?
How morality and religion are related to each other?
Why do people commit crimes when they’re at the brink of poverty?
How to develop a personal philosophy of life: Influences, values, and decision-making
Can free will exist in a deterministic universe, and what are its implications for agency and responsibility?
What is the nature of consciousness, and how does it relate to our perception of reality?

Economics Thesis Topics

Discuss the differences in commercial practices in rural and urban areas
Critically analyze regional divergence in Europe
Discuss the relationship between economic geography and the contemporary environment
What are the impacts of intellectual capital in growing markets?
Labor regulations are a way to solve the issue of unemployment. Discuss how?
Explain the factors that determine the market value of a business
What is the effect of labor force participation on the economy?
Discuss the impact of government expenditure on the economic growth of Australia
Discuss the impact of Brexit on small and middle businesses in the UK
Write a review of the aid and economic growth of developing economies

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Combine Different Ideas : Brainstorm multiple ideas based on your interests and knowledge to create a unique idea
Read and Find Gaps : Explore existing literature and research, to identify gaps or areas that require further investigation
Put Your Idea to the Test : Conduct small experiments or surveys to test your concept, and utilize data and human resources for a comprehensive analysis. Make sure to identify and address any flaws or weaknesses in your thesis idea.

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170 Original Thesis Topics and Ideas For Your Winning Paper

Throughout your college and graduate school career, you will be required to write hundreds of academic papers across myriad subjects. Choosing good thesis topics is just one of the major factors necessary to achieve academic excellence. This article does not tell you how to write a good thesis but focuses on the process of developing great senior thesis topics that are challenging yet don’t leave you feeling overwhelmed.

How to Develop and Choose Great Thesis Paper Topics?

Computer Science Thesis Topics

Psychology thesis topics, art history thesis topics, sociology thesis topics, economics thesis topics, psychology dissertation topics, architecture thesis topics, criminal justice thesis topics, philosophy thesis topics, history thesis topics, ms thesis topics, where you can find thesis writing help for your topics.

Our list of 170 free thesis statement topics is broken into 12 of the most popular subjects. These are only suggestions and you’re certainly encouraged to modify them as you deem appropriate. Keep in mind that good dissertation topics should aim to push the envelope of academic research while answering important scholarly questions within the field. Don’t feel constrained by what these thesis topics attempt to explore – what inspires your curiosity is the most important aspect of writing a thesis that warrants readership and appreciation.

How to Develop and Choose Great Thesis Topics?

Your thesis statement should be interesting.

You’ve likely heard over and over that the best master thesis topics should always be on something interesting – but does not take this to mean that it only applies to what a reader thinks is interesting. You should genuinely be curious about the topic you want to explore. This will invariably lead to more effective research, writing, and presentation of the chosen topic.

Make Sure You Can Find Enough Resources

Time is limited, and so too are resources. If your topic is too narrow you may not have access to all the resources you need to adequately answer the questions you seek. Ask the resource librarian for some dissertation topic examples to get a sense of the number of resources you will need to include in the bibliography and then triple that number. This is the average amount of research materials you will need to locate in your study.

Meet with Your Advisor to Discuss Options

Finally, you will need to meet with your academic advisor throughout the process of finishing your capstone project, so you will benefit from meeting with him or her as you consider your topics to discuss options. If, for instance, you are going over art history thesis topics , an advisor can point you to previous studies, research, resources, and more. You may find early that your topic may not be doable – and save yourself time by choosing altogether different.

Our List of Great Thesis Ideas On Any Subject

How have different methodologies changed the way comp-science is used in business?
How has the user interface changed the way society interacts with one another?
What are the advances in encryption and decryption we need to fight cybercrime?
In what ways have computer viruses altered international finance rules & regulations?
How do biometric systems affect the way data is recognized across financial industries?
Will artificial intelligence make human labor a thing of the past or will it only be a burden?
What are the best defense strategies companies should consider fighting cyber-attacks?
How will quantum computers change the way mainstream data is factored into primes?
A survey of how different technologies and algorithms can be used for parsing and indexing.
Technique to use when visualizing text categorization that has complex hierarchical structures and machine learning.
Different tools and techniques in the software required can be used to understand the UK.
How to have dependable and secure computing.
Definition and explanation of context-aware computing.
Top 5 challenges in database design and the information of system development?
What are the multiple dimensions or states of high-functioning schizophrenia in adults?
How effective is the DSM-IV in categorizing abnormal symptoms in young adults?
In what ways does a leader’s presence affect the way his sports teammates perform?
How does culture affect the way teaching programs are instituted around the world?
In what ways does chemotherapy affect the way patients get attention from family?
Is anger an emotion that can be controlled for the benefit of a person’s mental health?
What did the 9/11 attacks have on the general psychology of U.S. citizens toward immigrants?
How are LGBTQ teens likely to cope with pressures and how does it link to issues of depression?
Explain the social identity theory of Tajfel and Turner.
What are the REM phase and the continuous sleep disruption?
Defining how a brain functions when a person is in love.
How do the different forms of amnesia damage your brain activities?
What is the significance of a strong self-perception?
Is it possible for PTSD to lead to Alzheimer’s disease?
How do people respond to the world’s most famous art pieces in an age of social media?
In what ways is music considered to be a form of art when there are no actual tangible forms?
Are the building styles of the ancient world legitimate representations of artistic work?
Do you believe anyone will ever be able to have as much impact as the Renaissance greats?
In what ways has the value of art diminished in the last 25 years in terms of investment?
How does art affect the way humans develop creatively in terms of their communication?
What motivates people to invest in modern art despite there being such a high risk?
How does a modern artist make enough income in the days of technology and digital art?
Analyze the Monalisa painting and why it is popular.
What is the origin of the traditional Chinese and Japanese costumes?
What are the most popular pies of Mesopotamian art, and what made them popular?
How did Hinduism influence the early Indian Act?
Research on the construction of the Great Wall of China.
What is the origin of the Greek theatre?
How much influence do parents have on their children’s educational and social engagement?
In what ways do cross-cultural relationships change the way children think about the world?
What are the most important aspects of gender inequality at work and how is it fixed?
How much do food cultures link to anticipated health and welfare in American adults?
What is the relationship between ethnicity and the levels of completed education in children?
What are the biggest factors leading certain populations to alcohol or drug addiction?
How is media affecting the way youth view their images as a result of how they are represented?
In what ways has social media impacted the way America’s youth interacts with the world?
Impacts of Alcohol among the youths.
Adaption and the consequences of adopting a child.
Diffusion and innovation in European culture and what it means for the features of these countries.
How would people react if organ transplant gets completely banned?
What are the challenges that working women face in today’s society?
What are the impacts of life sentences, and should this be changed
What are the five major principles of global economics and how do they affect international law?
In what ways are developing countries in Asia affected by short and long-term econ policies?
How important is it for the average American investor to know about global economics?
In what ways should a person’s wealth be distributed to more philanthropic or charitable activities?
What do international economics offer the average American in terms of financial happiness?
How has the alcohol industry changed over the last century across different parts of Europe?
In what ways has big data mining affected the way global economics and financing have changed?
What are the main reasons why the Trump presidency has negatively affected international trade?
What is fiscal policy, and what should people know about it?
Define and explain three opportunity costs.
How do banks set the exchange rate?
What is the reason why some resources are rare?
What does economic forecasting entail?
What are the pros and cons of privatization?
What are the connections between employee satisfaction and how they perform at work?
How are women affected by misogynistic language in the workplace that emphasizes inequality?
In what ways does the formation of negative habits make it harder for people to learn new things?
What role does anxiety have in the way students score on standardized high school level tests?
How does jealousy determine how long or successful a marriage can be in today’s age of the web?
What effect does a person’s amount of time that is spent on social media impact his/her satisfaction?
Are humans becoming far more dependent on instant information and less likely to learn the truth?
What are some of the negative assumptions about women suffering from postpartum depression?
Some eating and personality disorder
What is the importance of communication in a relationship?
What are the social and psychological effects of virtue networks?
What role does a medium play in provoking aggression?
How does cognitive behavior therapy help in dealing with depressed adolescents?
How can depression and its risk factor be prevented?
In what ways did ancient architecture from Greece and Rome influence modern government buildings?
What impact did Frank Lloyd Wright’s architectural style have on Los Angeles’ urban planning?
Why do historians believe the Egyptian Pyramids were created to their exact shape and scale?
How did Roman aqueducts impact the way communities evolved as a result of improved canals?
What dangers do the Venice canal systems face as a result of increasing temperatures and water levels?
How will architecture in major metropolitan areas change as a result of rising populations in the world?
Is architecture considered a science or an art and how does this affect the way we study it today?
What is parametric architecture and what other forms blend appropriately with it aesthetically?
Explain the construction of Time conception in the Architectural Realm.
Waterfront development- the process of beach convention and exhibition centers.
What is the design of ruled surfaces?
An analytic study of the design potential kinetic Architecture.
A survey of China from an archeologist’s point of view.
A look at Russian fairy-tale-style houses and huts.
How is jury selection affected by how politicians are perceived on social media?
Is it accurate to say that minorities receive a fair and unbiased trial in today’s political climate?
How do President Trump’s policies and comments targeting minorities affect their rights in court?
What challenges does cyber-crime present for lawmakers who have to put corporations on trial?
Should large corporations face larger crimes as a result of the amount of money they make publicly?
Why aren’t CEOs of multi-billion dollar companies held to the same criminal standards as the public?
Should human trafficking face larger penalties as a result of the dark web and ease of communication?
Does the internet perpetuate certain crimes as a result of its widespread and virtual anonymity?
The relationship between the police and people from different backgrounds.
What is the reliability of an eye-witness testimony?
What methods can be used to help prevent international drug trafficking?
Why does the crime rate increase during emergencies?
Why are men more likely to get death penalties?
In what ways does the drug court assist or hurt people with addiction?

Thesis Topics in Education

What are the biggest evolutionary changes to the major approaches in education throughout the world?
How have China’s educational methods changed in the last half-century to position them as world leaders?
Can educational programs in South America help those countries combat poverty in their communities?
Should core subjects be re-evaluated in light of the quickly changing needs of today’s modern world?
Should the United States make bigger investments in bringing tech tools to poorer school districts?
Can teachers continue to use traditional methods for grading when class size continues to increase?
Why do people lose the desire to learn new subjects in their adult years? How can this be addressed?
Should more parents be involved in schools’ educational policies and curriculum development?
Do graduate programs in education adequately prepare tomorrow’s teachers for the business world?
Are there any career development programs in Elementary schools?
What are the character development programs in elementary schools?
Should the use of the pass-fail grading be limited?
What is the impact of promoting parent volunteering in schools?
Teaching children with speech-language pathology.
How does the efficiency of classroom management help to reduce stress?
Is abortion a philosophical or political question? Should ethics be removed from this conversation?
Is it a must to lead an ethical life to achieve true human happiness in today’s competitive world?
What does it mean to support ethical farming practices in light of the world’s hunger problems?
Should parents have the ability to manipulate their children’s genetics and characteristics to an ideal?
How does genetic modification in animals affect our understanding of what we can do for humans?
In what ways do religious ethics and philosophy ethics contradict each other when it comes to crimes?
How does humanity’s history to commit evil acts affect the way we view our place in the world?
Is it morally ethical to love someone who is legally unattainable? (E.g., someone who is married).
Are contemporary philosophical theories inclusive of different societies or limiting to specific nations?
What can truly upset you, and in what ways can you deal with it?
Would you live your life more than once?
What do the beauty standards change often?
Are there situations where it is better to lie than tell the truth?
Some people think that love only lasts for three years. Is it true?
What is a perfect life? What prevents you from living it?
How has the rise and fall of famous and influential dictators changed throughout history?
How have the events leading to the 1980s conflicts in Afghanistan caused the turmoil we see today?
In what ways have border wars in South America led to increased asylum seekers fleeing those countries?
How did the North Atlantic Trade Agreement impact the way Europe has sought trade deals with China?
What impact did the Mormons have in shaping the American city landscape during the 19th century?
What role did Mormons have in further expelling Native Americans from their ancestral lands?
Why did the Southern States resist the freeing of slaves for so long? What economic factors were there?
What impact did pirates have on the development of Caribbean culture in Central America?
How have 21st-century marketing strategies affected how we value cultural history in the U.S.A?
Trends of migration through the years.
What is the history of immigration in the USA?
What causes the significant waves of migration in Syria?
How were women treated in the Soviet zone during WWII?
How did the fall of Hitler and the Nazis affect Germany?
The Spanish Inquisition- What is the truth behind its moral justification?
How do supercomputers and data mining affect political policy in today’s first-world governments?
In what ways have the roles of mediators changed in the world of globalized financial institutions?
How important is cultural awareness for large corporations? How is this different in small businesses?
Should politicians be allowed to maintain investments that can influence their political decisions?
Why are blind trusts necessary for anyone running for public office in today’s global economy?
What are the effects of bringing more technology into the home to automate day-to-day activities?
In what ways does automation keep people from controlling the same systems we want to be safe?
How does cyber activity affect how governments contribute to international economies?
How can we learn from past cultures to develop new societies where there is no poverty or hunger?
What was the correlation between political climate and literature during the eighteenth century?
What is the connection between religious conviction and rational thinking?
A comprehensive analysis of gun violence in the US.
Case study of Australia and how cyberbullying might result in suicides.
Civil war is the greatest inspiration for art. Discuss this concept.
Women empowerment in Saudi Arabia in the 2000s.

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Online Guide to Writing and Research

The writing process, explore more of umgc.

Online Guide to Writing

Thesis Statement and Controlling Idea

So what? This is the question you will get asked if your thesis statement, or main idea, is not obvious in your paper. Your thesis statement is the most important part of your writing; without it, your paper doesn’t have a main point or stance. A thesis statement states the purpose and topic of your writing, and the controlling idea indicates the direction and, often, the writing strategy you will adopt.

Generally, your thesis is placed at the end of your introduction and is a concise and simple sentence that combines your topic and your position on the topic. Like a road map, your thesis lets your readers know what to expect from the rest of your paper. Your body paragraphs support it, and your essay lacks direction without it.

It is important to keep in mind that this early in your writing, your thesis statement is really a working thesis that you use to begin thinking about your topic. You may revise this thesis many times before you are finished thinking and ready to write your final draft. Below are some sample thesis statements.

YOUR TOPIC + POSITION ON TOPIC = THESIS STATEMENT

YOUR TOPIC	POSITION	THESIS STATEMENT
Internet use	Actions need to be taken to help maintain a balance because many people are addicted.	While some argue that daily technology use has little effect on wellbeing, research shows that physical, mental, and social repercussions are undeniable and drastic actions need to be taken to help young people find balance.
Fast food	Fast food causes health issues.	Consuming fast food regularly leads to heart disease, diabetes, and obesity and there are lifestyle solutions to prevent these health issues.
Global warming	There are many things we can do to slow global warming.	Global warming is a real threat to the world; as human beings, we can slow climate change by carpooling, using less energy at home, and eating a mostly plant-based diet.

Thesis Statement Do's and Don'ts

Present an argument, stance, or claim. Can your audience argue with it?

Provide a key to the organization of your paper. Can you construct body paragraphs that support it?

Mirror the assignment prompt. Are you following what is expected of you?

Present the thesis at the end of the introduction.

Answer the question: “so what?”

Present an argument that can be supported by reputable research. Is your argument logical?

Embrace the “how” and “why” elements. It’s a great strategy to present the problem, examine why it’s a problem, and show how it can be fixed.

Include announcement style language like “this paper will discuss” or “this will be shown in this essay.”

Be informative only with no argument or stance, such as, “Some high school seniors decide to take a gap year.”

Include overly broad or generalized statements like, “Kids of this generation are lazy.”

Force the reader to guess what the paper will prove or discuss

Be questions.

Key Takeaways

Your thesis is one statement at the end of your introduction and should be clear, concise, and arguable.

Without a thesis, your paper lacks direction and purpose.

Mailing Address: 3501 University Blvd. East, Adelphi, MD 20783 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License . © 2022 UMGC. All links to external sites were verified at the time of publication. UMGC is not responsible for the validity or integrity of information located at external sites.

Table of Contents: Online Guide to Writing

Chapter 1: College Writing

How Does College Writing Differ from Workplace Writing?

What Is College Writing?

Why So Much Emphasis on Writing?

Chapter 2: The Writing Process

Doing Exploratory Research

Getting from Notes to Your Draft

Introduction

Prewriting - Techniques to Get Started - Mining Your Intuition

Prewriting: Targeting Your Audience

Prewriting: Techniques to Get Started

Prewriting: Understanding Your Assignment

Rewriting: Being Your Own Critic

Rewriting: Creating a Revision Strategy

Rewriting: Getting Feedback

Rewriting: The Final Draft

Techniques to Get Started - Outlining

Techniques to Get Started - Using Systematic Techniques

Writing: Getting from Notes to Your Draft - Freewriting

Writing: Getting from Notes to Your Draft - Summarizing Your Ideas

Writing: Outlining What You Will Write

Chapter 3: Thinking Strategies

A Word About Style, Voice, and Tone

A Word About Style, Voice, and Tone: Style Through Vocabulary and Diction

Critical Strategies and Writing

Critical Strategies and Writing: Analysis

Critical Strategies and Writing: Evaluation

Critical Strategies and Writing: Persuasion

Critical Strategies and Writing: Synthesis

Developing a Paper Using Strategies

Kinds of Assignments You Will Write

Patterns for Presenting Information

Patterns for Presenting Information: Critiques

Patterns for Presenting Information: Discussing Raw Data

Patterns for Presenting Information: General-to-Specific Pattern

Patterns for Presenting Information: Problem-Cause-Solution Pattern

Patterns for Presenting Information: Specific-to-General Pattern

Patterns for Presenting Information: Summaries and Abstracts

Supporting with Research and Examples

Writing Essay Examinations

Writing Essay Examinations: Make Your Answer Relevant and Complete

Writing Essay Examinations: Organize Thinking Before Writing

Writing Essay Examinations: Read and Understand the Question

Chapter 4: The Research Process

Planning and Writing a Research Paper

Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Ask a Research Question

Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Cite Sources

Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Collect Evidence

Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Decide Your Point of View, or Role, for Your Research

Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Draw Conclusions

Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Find a Topic and Get an Overview

Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Manage Your Resources

Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Outline

Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Survey the Literature

Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Work Your Sources into Your Research Writing

Research Resources: Where Are Research Resources Found? - Human Resources

Research Resources: What Are Research Resources?

Research Resources: Where Are Research Resources Found?

Research Resources: Where Are Research Resources Found? - Electronic Resources

Research Resources: Where Are Research Resources Found? - Print Resources

Structuring the Research Paper: Formal Research Structure

Structuring the Research Paper: Informal Research Structure

The Nature of Research

The Research Assignment: How Should Research Sources Be Evaluated?

The Research Assignment: When Is Research Needed?

The Research Assignment: Why Perform Research?

Chapter 5: Academic Integrity

Academic Integrity

Giving Credit to Sources

Giving Credit to Sources: Copyright Laws

Giving Credit to Sources: Documentation

Giving Credit to Sources: Style Guides

Integrating Sources

Practicing Academic Integrity

Practicing Academic Integrity: Keeping Accurate Records

Practicing Academic Integrity: Managing Source Material

Practicing Academic Integrity: Managing Source Material - Paraphrasing Your Source

Practicing Academic Integrity: Managing Source Material - Quoting Your Source

Practicing Academic Integrity: Managing Source Material - Summarizing Your Sources

Types of Documentation

Types of Documentation: Bibliographies and Source Lists

Types of Documentation: Citing World Wide Web Sources

Types of Documentation: In-Text or Parenthetical Citations

Types of Documentation: In-Text or Parenthetical Citations - APA Style

Types of Documentation: In-Text or Parenthetical Citations - CSE/CBE Style

Types of Documentation: In-Text or Parenthetical Citations - Chicago Style

Types of Documentation: In-Text or Parenthetical Citations - MLA Style

Types of Documentation: Note Citations

Chapter 6: Using Library Resources

Finding Library Resources

Chapter 7: Assessing Your Writing

How Is Writing Graded?

How Is Writing Graded?: A General Assessment Tool

The Draft Stage

The Draft Stage: The First Draft

The Draft Stage: The Revision Process and the Final Draft

The Draft Stage: Using Feedback

The Research Stage

Using Assessment to Improve Your Writing

Chapter 8: Other Frequently Assigned Papers

Reviews and Reaction Papers: Article and Book Reviews

Reviews and Reaction Papers: Reaction Papers

Writing Arguments

Writing Arguments: Adapting the Argument Structure

Writing Arguments: Purposes of Argument

Writing Arguments: References to Consult for Writing Arguments

Writing Arguments: Steps to Writing an Argument - Anticipate Active Opposition

Writing Arguments: Steps to Writing an Argument - Determine Your Organization

Writing Arguments: Steps to Writing an Argument - Develop Your Argument

Writing Arguments: Steps to Writing an Argument - Introduce Your Argument

Writing Arguments: Steps to Writing an Argument - State Your Thesis or Proposition

Writing Arguments: Steps to Writing an Argument - Write Your Conclusion

Writing Arguments: Types of Argument

Appendix A: Books to Help Improve Your Writing

Dictionaries

General Style Manuals

Researching on the Internet

Special Style Manuals

Writing Handbooks

Appendix B: Collaborative Writing and Peer Reviewing

Collaborative Writing: Assignments to Accompany the Group Project

Collaborative Writing: Informal Progress Report

Collaborative Writing: Issues to Resolve

Collaborative Writing: Methodology

Collaborative Writing: Peer Evaluation

Collaborative Writing: Tasks of Collaborative Writing Group Members

Collaborative Writing: Writing Plan

General Introduction

Peer Reviewing

Appendix C: Developing an Improvement Plan

Working with Your Instructor’s Comments and Grades

Appendix D: Writing Plan and Project Schedule

Devising a Writing Project Plan and Schedule

Reviewing Your Plan with Others

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15 Thesis Statement Examples to Inspire Your Next Argumentative Essay

Have you ever watched a great film trailer and thought, “I have to see that movie!”? A good trailer gives you the basic premise of the movie , shows you the highlights, and encourages you to want to see more.

A good thesis statement will accomplish the same thing. It gives readers an idea of the most important points of an essay, shows the highlights, and makes them want to read more.

It will also help keep you, the writer, from getting lost in a convoluted and directionless argument.

Most importantly, a good thesis statement makes a statement. After all, it’s called a thesis statement for a reason!

“This is an interesting statement!” you want your reader to think. “Let’s see if this author can convince me.”

This blog post will dissect the components of a good thesis statement and give you 15 thesis statement examples that you can use to inspire your next argumentative essay .

The Thesis Statement Dissected

Before I give you a blanket list of thesis statement examples, let’s run through what makes for a good thesis statement. I’ve distilled it down to four main components.

1. A good argumentative thesis is focused and not too broad.

It’s important to stay focused! Don’t try to argue an overly broad topic in your essay, or you’re going to feel confused and unsure about your direction and purpose.

Don’t write: “Eating fast food is bad and should be avoided.”

This statement is too general and would be nearly impossible for you to defend. It leaves a lot of big questions to answer. Is all fast food bad? Why is it bad? Who should avoid it? Why should anyone care?

Do write: “Americans should eliminate the regular consumption of fast food because a fast food diet leads to preventable and expensive health issues, such as diabetes, obesity, and heart disease.”

In this example, I’ve narrowed my argument to the health consequences related to a diet of fast food . I’ve also chosen to focus on Americans rather than everyone in the universe.

2. A good argumentative thesis is centered on a debatable topic.

Back in the ‘80s, teens loved to say “ that’s debatable ” about claims they didn’t agree with (such as “ you should clean your room” and “ you shouldn’t go to that movie” ).

Don’t write: “There are high numbers of homeless people living in Berkeley, California.”

No one can argue for or against this statement. It’s not debatable. It’s just a fact.

An argument over this non-debatable statement would go something like this:

“There are lots of homeless people in Berkeley.” “Yes, there sure are a bunch of them out there.” “Yup.”

As you can see, that’s not much of an argument.

Do write: “Homeless people in Berkeley should be given access to services—such as regular food donations, public restrooms, and camping facilities—because it would improve life for all inhabitants of the city.”

Now that’s debatable .

Opponents could also easily argue that homeless people in Berkeley already receive adequate services ( “just look at all those luxurious sidewalks!” ) or perhaps that they shouldn’t be entitled to services at all ( “get a job, ya lazy loafers!” ).

Interested in picking up a few more tips about debating issues and perfecting the art of persuasion? Read How to Write a Persuasive Essay That’s Convincing .

3. A good argumentative thesis picks a side.

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Picking a side is pretty much the whole entire point of an argumentative essay. Just as you can’t root for both the Yankees and the Mets, you can’t argue both sides of a topic in your thesis statement.

Learn more about the importance of picking sides by reading the post The Secrets of a Strong Argumentative Essay .

Don’t write: “Secondhand smoke is bad and can cause heart disease and cancer; therefore, smoking should be outlawed in public places, but outlawing smoking is unfair to smokers so maybe non-smokers can just hold their breath or wear masks around smokers instead.”

A wishy-washy statement like this will make your reader scratch his head in puzzlement. Are you for smoking laws or against them? Yankees or Mets? Mets or Yankees?

Pick a side , and stick with it!

Then stick up for it.

Do write: “Secondhand smoke is just as harmful as smoking and leads to a higher prevalence of cancer and heart disease; therefore, smoking in any public place should be banned.”

4. A good thesis makes claims that will be supported later in the paper.

As I explained in the post How to Create a Powerful Argumentative Essay Outline , your claims make up a critical part of building the roadmap to your argument.

It’s important to first include a summary of your claims in your thesis statement. During the course of your essay, you will back each of your claims with well-researched evidence .

Don’t write: “Humans should relocate to Mars.”

This statement doesn’t include any supporting claims. Why should humans move to Mars? What are the benefits of moving to a planet without oxygen or trees?

Do write: “It is too late to save earth; therefore, humans should immediately set a date for their relocation to Mars, where they can, with proper planning, avoid issues of famine, war, and global warming.”

This statement includes some thought-provoking claims. The reader will wonder how the author plans to defend them. (“ Famine, war, and global warming can be easily avoided on Mars? Go on…”)

Looking for even more help understanding the key components of a strong thesis statement? Check out these posts:

How to Write a Thesis Statement in 5 Simple Steps
How to Turn a Good Thesis Statement Into a Great One
How to Make a Thesis Statement the Easy Way (Infographic)
How to Write a Compare and Contrast Thesis Statement

Now that you have a better understanding of the all things thesis statement, here are 15 more thesis statement examples to inspire your next argumentative essay.

15 Thesis Statement Examples

Below are 15 debatable, supportable, and focused thesis statements for you to learn from. Feel free to customize them for use in your own argumentative essay.

As you read the following examples, be careful not to use these thesis statements word-for-word. I wouldn’t want you to get in trouble if your teacher did a copy/find Google maneuver on you!

#1. Vaccinations should be mandatory

Inspired by this sample essay on vaccinations .

Vaccinations against diseases such as polio, rubella, and mumps should be mandatory for all U.S. children who wish to attend school as these vaccinations are critical to the control and eradication of deadly infectious diseases.

#2. Government surveillance is harmful

Inspired by this sample essay on government surveillance .

Government surveillance programs, such as PRISM, should be banned because they invade civil liberties, lead innocent people to suffer unfair punishments, and ultimately fail to protect the citizens that they are designed to safeguard.

#3. Organ donors should be financially compensated

Inspired by this sample essay on organ donation .

Organ donors should be financially compensated to increase the supply of available organs and, at the same time, to decrease profitable, illegal organ-harvesting activities in the black market.

#4. Schools are too dependent on technology

Inspired by this sample essay on technology dependence .

Schools’ dependence on technology has caused students to lose the ability to think independently, leading to a greater prevalence of mood disorders, memory loss, and loneliness.

#5. School officials should fight cyberbullying

Inspired by this sample essay on cyberbullying .

In order to improve the online behavior of students and decrease cyberbullying-related suicide attempts, school officials should have the authority to discipline students who engage in cyberbullying .

#6. The U.S. media should update the depiction of traditional families

Inspired by this sample essay on families .

The U.S. media depicts the traditional family as comprising a mother, father, and children; however, this notion of the traditional family is outdated and can be harmful to children who look to this as the gold standard.

#7. Student loans should be forgiven

Inspired by this sample essay on student loans .

Crippling student debt is stifling the growth of the U.S. economy because it inhibits graduates from being able to spend money on consumer goods and home purchases.

#8. Marijuana should be legalized

Inspired by this sample essay on legalizing marijuana .

Marijuana has numerous medical applications, such as treating symptoms of epilepsy, cancer, and glaucoma. Legalizing the use of marijuana in the United States will greatly benefit the medical sector by giving physicians the ability to prescribe this life-saving drug.

#9. Foreign aid to Africa does not work

Inspired by this sample essay on foreign aid to Africa .

Sending foreign aid to African countries is doing more harm than good because the practice has caused African countries to become vulnerable to inflation, currency fluctuations, corruption, and civil unrest.

#10. China’s one-child policy led to unintended and negative consequences

Inspired by this sample essay on advertising to children .

Though some argue that advertising to children is harmful, it is actually a positive marketing technique that spurs economic growth.

#12. Most teen celebrities should not be role models for children

Inspired by this sample essay on teen celebrities as role models .

Teen celebrities often engage in inappropriate and sometimes illegal activities and thus should not be considered role models for children.

#13. The current welfare system promotes dependency

Inspired by this sample essay about the abuse of welfare .

The welfare system was designed to assist those in need; however, the current system does more harm than good by promoting government dependency.

#14. Schools should start at a later time of day

Inspired by this sample essay about school start times .

Beginning the school day at a later time would stabilize students’ sleep patterns, improve students’ moods, and increase students’ academic success.

#15. Schools should distribute birth control to teens

Inspired by this sample essay about birth control distribution in schools .

Though some argue that distributing condoms to teens means that schools are encouraging sexual behavior, schools should distribute birth control to reduce teen pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases.

Now…Turn Your Thesis Statement Into an Essay

Any one of these thesis statement examples will get you started on the road to writing an awesome argumentative essay, but if none of these thesis statements or topics are working for you, try one of these:

70 Argumentative Essay Topics That Will Put Up a Good Fight
30 Argumentative Essay Ideas That Will Pick a Good Fight

Have a topic and thesis but need to put all of your ideas into essay format ? Try prewriting , outlining , or using a graphic organizer to help organize information.

Once your essay is finished, feel free to send it to a Kibin editor , who can check for grammar errors, sentence structure issues, and of course, the strength of your thesis.

Good luck with your essay!

Psst... 98% of Kibin users report better grades! Get inspiration from over 500,000 example essays .

About the Author

Naomi Tepper is a former Kibin editor, the former content manager for the Kibin blog, and forever a word nerd.

argumentative essays
thesis statements

1000+ FREE Research Topics & Title Ideas

Select your area of interest to view a collection of potential research topics and ideas.

Or grab the full list 📋 (for free)

PS – You can also check out our free topic ideation webinar for more ideas

How To Find A Research Topic

If you’re struggling to get started, this step-by-step video tutorial will help you find the perfect research topic.

Research Topic FAQs

What (exactly) is a research topic.

A research topic is the subject of a research project or study – for example, a dissertation or thesis. A research topic typically takes the form of a problem to be solved, or a question to be answered.

A good research topic should be specific enough to allow for focused research and analysis. For example, if you are interested in studying the effects of climate change on agriculture, your research topic could focus on how rising temperatures have impacted crop yields in certain regions over time.

To learn more about the basics of developing a research topic, consider our free research topic ideation webinar.

What constitutes a good research topic?

A strong research topic comprises three important qualities : originality, value and feasibility.

Originality – a good topic explores an original area or takes a novel angle on an existing area of study.
Value – a strong research topic provides value and makes a contribution, either academically or practically.
Feasibility – a good research topic needs to be practical and manageable, given the resource constraints you face.

To learn more about what makes for a high-quality research topic, check out this post .

What's the difference between a research topic and research problem?

A research topic and a research problem are two distinct concepts that are often confused. A research topic is a broader label that indicates the focus of the study , while a research problem is an issue or gap in knowledge within the broader field that needs to be addressed.

To illustrate this distinction, consider a student who has chosen “teenage pregnancy in the United Kingdom” as their research topic. This research topic could encompass any number of issues related to teenage pregnancy such as causes, prevention strategies, health outcomes for mothers and babies, etc.

Within this broad category (the research topic) lies potential areas of inquiry that can be explored further – these become the research problems . For example:

What factors contribute to higher rates of teenage pregnancy in certain communities?
How do different types of parenting styles affect teen pregnancy rates?
What interventions have been successful in reducing teenage pregnancies?

Simply put, a key difference between a research topic and a research problem is scope ; the research topic provides an umbrella under which multiple questions can be asked, while the research problem focuses on one specific question or set of questions within that larger context.

How can I find potential research topics for my project?

There are many steps involved in the process of finding and choosing a high-quality research topic for a dissertation or thesis. We cover these steps in detail in this video (also accessible below).

How can I find quality sources for my research topic?

Finding quality sources is an essential step in the topic ideation process. To do this, you should start by researching scholarly journals, books, and other academic publications related to your topic. These sources can provide reliable information on a wide range of topics. Additionally, they may contain data or statistics that can help support your argument or conclusions.

Identifying Relevant Sources

When searching for relevant sources, it’s important to look beyond just published material; try using online databases such as Google Scholar or JSTOR to find articles from reputable journals that have been peer-reviewed by experts in the field.

You can also use search engines like Google or Bing to locate websites with useful information about your topic. However, be sure to evaluate any website before citing it as a source—look for evidence of authorship (such as an “About Us” page) and make sure the content is up-to-date and accurate before relying on it.

Evaluating Sources

Once you’ve identified potential sources for your research project, take some time to evaluate them thoroughly before deciding which ones will best serve your purpose. Consider factors such as author credibility (are they an expert in their field?), publication date (is the source current?), objectivity (does the author present both sides of an issue?) and relevance (how closely does this source relate to my specific topic?).

By researching the current literature on your topic, you can identify potential sources that will help to provide quality information. Once you’ve identified these sources, it’s time to look for a gap in the research and determine what new knowledge could be gained from further study.

How can I find a good research gap?

Finding a strong gap in the literature is an essential step when looking for potential research topics. We explain what research gaps are and how to find them in this post.

How should I evaluate potential research topics/ideas?

When evaluating potential research topics, it is important to consider the factors that make for a strong topic (we discussed these earlier). Specifically:

Originality
Feasibility

So, when you have a list of potential topics or ideas, assess each of them in terms of these three criteria. A good topic should take a unique angle, provide value (either to academia or practitioners), and be practical enough for you to pull off, given your limited resources.

Finally, you should also assess whether this project could lead to potential career opportunities such as internships or job offers down the line. Make sure that you are researching something that is relevant enough so that it can benefit your professional development in some way. Additionally, consider how each research topic aligns with your career goals and interests; researching something that you are passionate about can help keep motivation high throughout the process.

How can I assess the feasibility of a research topic?

When evaluating the feasibility and practicality of a research topic, it is important to consider several factors.

First, you should assess whether or not the research topic is within your area of competence. Of course, when you start out, you are not expected to be the world’s leading expert, but do should at least have some foundational knowledge.

Time commitment

When considering a research topic, you should think about how much time will be required for completion. Depending on your field of study, some topics may require more time than others due to their complexity or scope.

Additionally, if you plan on collaborating with other researchers or institutions in order to complete your project, additional considerations must be taken into account such as coordinating schedules and ensuring that all parties involved have adequate resources available.

Resources needed

It’s also critically important to consider what type of resources are necessary in order to conduct the research successfully. This includes physical materials such as lab equipment and chemicals but can also include intangible items like access to certain databases or software programs which may be necessary depending on the nature of your work. Additionally, if there are costs associated with obtaining these materials then this must also be factored into your evaluation process.

Potential risks

It’s important to consider the inherent potential risks for each potential research topic. These can include ethical risks (challenges getting ethical approval), data risks (not being able to access the data you’ll need), technical risks relating to the equipment you’ll use and funding risks (not securing the necessary financial back to undertake the research).

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Dissertation & Thesis Outline | Example & Free Templates

Dissertation & Thesis Outline | Example & Free Templates

Published on June 7, 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on November 21, 2023.

A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical early steps in your writing process . It helps you to lay out and organize your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding the specifics of your dissertation topic and showcasing its relevance to your field.

Generally, an outline contains information on the different sections included in your thesis or dissertation , such as:

Your anticipated title
Your abstract
Your chapters (sometimes subdivided into further topics like literature review, research methods, avenues for future research, etc.)

In the final product, you can also provide a chapter outline for your readers. This is a short paragraph at the end of your introduction to inform readers about the organizational structure of your thesis or dissertation. This chapter outline is also known as a reading guide or summary outline.

How to outline your thesis or dissertation, dissertation and thesis outline templates, chapter outline example, sample sentences for your chapter outline, sample verbs for variation in your chapter outline, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis and dissertation outlines.

While there are some inter-institutional differences, many outlines proceed in a fairly similar fashion.

Working Title
“Elevator pitch” of your work (often written last).
Introduce your area of study, sharing details about your research question, problem statement , and hypotheses . Situate your research within an existing paradigm or conceptual or theoretical framework .
Subdivide as you see fit into main topics and sub-topics.
Describe your research methods (e.g., your scope , population , and data collection ).
Present your research findings and share about your data analysis methods.
Answer the research question in a concise way.
Interpret your findings, discuss potential limitations of your own research and speculate about future implications or related opportunities.

For a more detailed overview of chapters and other elements, be sure to check out our article on the structure of a dissertation or download our template .

To help you get started, we’ve created a full thesis or dissertation template in Word or Google Docs format. It’s easy adapt it to your own requirements.

Download Word template Download Google Docs template

Chapter outline example American English

It can be easy to fall into a pattern of overusing the same words or sentence constructions, which can make your work monotonous and repetitive for your readers. Consider utilizing some of the alternative constructions presented below.

Example 1: Passive construction

The passive voice is a common choice for outlines and overviews because the context makes it clear who is carrying out the action (e.g., you are conducting the research ). However, overuse of the passive voice can make your text vague and imprecise.

Example 2: IS-AV construction

You can also present your information using the “IS-AV” (inanimate subject with an active verb ) construction.

A chapter is an inanimate object, so it is not capable of taking an action itself (e.g., presenting or discussing). However, the meaning of the sentence is still easily understandable, so the IS-AV construction can be a good way to add variety to your text.

Example 3: The “I” construction

Another option is to use the “I” construction, which is often recommended by style manuals (e.g., APA Style and Chicago style ). However, depending on your field of study, this construction is not always considered professional or academic. Ask your supervisor if you’re not sure.

Example 4: Mix-and-match

To truly make the most of these options, consider mixing and matching the passive voice , IS-AV construction , and “I” construction .This can help the flow of your argument and improve the readability of your text.

As you draft the chapter outline, you may also find yourself frequently repeating the same words, such as “discuss,” “present,” “prove,” or “show.” Consider branching out to add richness and nuance to your writing. Here are some examples of synonyms you can use.

Address	Describe	Imply	Refute
Argue	Determine	Indicate	Report
Claim	Emphasize	Mention	Reveal
Clarify	Examine	Point out	Speculate
Compare	Explain	Posit	Summarize
Concern	Formulate	Present	Target
Counter	Focus on	Propose	Treat
Define	Give	Provide insight into	Underpin
Demonstrate	Highlight	Recommend	Use

If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or research bias, make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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When you mention different chapters within your text, it’s considered best to use Roman numerals for most citation styles. However, the most important thing here is to remain consistent whenever using numbers in your dissertation .

The title page of your thesis or dissertation goes first, before all other content or lists that you may choose to include.

A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical first steps in your writing process. It helps you to lay out and organize your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding what kind of research you’d like to undertake.

Your chapters (sometimes subdivided into further topics like literature review , research methods , avenues for future research, etc.)

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

George, T. (2023, November 21). Dissertation & Thesis Outline | Example & Free Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved August 19, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/dissertation-thesis-outline/

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Effective Thesis - Where Inquiry Meets Impact

Research topics we recommend

Are you searching for a research topic that has the potential to significantly improve the world.

Explore our ideas on how to work on some of the most pressing global problems in the profiles below, or sign up to the Topic Discovery Digest for ideas delivered straight to your inbox.

See here if you want to learn more about why we prioritise these topics and here for a map of how these profiles relate to each other .

We encourage you to take your interests, aptitudes and degree level into consideration as you explore whether to work on one of these ideas for your thesis – learn more here .

For animal advocacy and plant-based food systems, see here for our research questions database and Vegan Thesis for a dedicated website.

Where next?

Research agendas.

Explore research agendas related to the topics we recommend.

How we write our profiles and advice

Learn how we identify the research directions we think are particularly likely to improve the world.

Searching for a research topic?

See here for a visual map of all our research directions.

Read our advice on doing impactful research.

Literature Thesis Topics

This page provides a comprehensive list of literature thesis topics , offering a valuable resource for students tasked with writing a thesis in the field of literature. Designed to cater to a wide array of literary interests and academic inquiries, the topics are organized into 25 diverse categories, ranging from African American Literature to Young Adult Literature. Each category includes 40 distinct topics, making a total of 1000 topics. This structure not only facilitates easy navigation but also aids in the identification of precise research areas that resonate with students’ interests and academic goals. The purpose of this page is to inspire students by presenting a breadth of possibilities, helping them to formulate a thesis that is both original and aligned with current literary discussions.

1000 Literature Thesis Topics and Ideas

Academic Writing, Editing, Proofreading, And Problem Solving Services

Get 10% off with 24start discount code, browse literature thesis topics, african american literature thesis topics, american literature thesis topics, children’s literature thesis topics, comparative literature thesis topics, contemporary literature thesis topics, diaspora literature thesis topics, english literature thesis topics, feminist literature thesis topics, gothic literature thesis topics, indigenous literature thesis topics, literary theory thesis topics, literature and film studies thesis topics, literature and history thesis topics, literature and philosophy thesis topics, literature and psychology thesis topics, medieval literature thesis topics, modernist literature thesis topics, postcolonial literature thesis topics, postmodern literature thesis topics, renaissance literature thesis topics, romantic literature thesis topics, science fiction and fantasy literature thesis topics, victorian literature thesis topics, world literature thesis topics, young adult literature thesis topics.

The evolution of African American narrative forms from slave narratives to contemporary fiction.
An analysis of the Harlem Renaissance: Artistic explosion and its impact on African American identity.
The role of music and oral tradition in African American literature.
A study of code-switching in African American literature and its effects on cultural and linguistic identity.
Gender and sexuality in African American women’s literature.
The portrayal of race and racism in the works of Toni Morrison.
The influence of African spirituality and religion in African American literature.
Exploring Afrofuturism through the works of Octavia Butler and N.K. Jemisin.
The representation of the family in African American literature post-1960s.
The use of southern settings in African American literature: A study of place and identity.
Intersectionality in the writings of Audre Lorde and Angela Davis.
The depiction of African American men in literature and media: Stereotypes vs. reality.
The impact of the Black Arts Movement on contemporary African American culture.
Literary responses to the Civil Rights Movement in African American literature.
The role of education in African American autobiographical writing.
The portrayal of historical trauma and memory in African American literature.
Analyzing black masculinity through the works of Richard Wright and James Baldwin.
The treatment of racial ambiguity and colorism in African American fiction.
The influence of hip-hop and rap on contemporary African American poetry.
The narrative strategies used in African American science fiction.
Postcolonial readings of African American literature: Transnational perspectives.
The evolution of black feminism reflected in literature.
The significance of folk motifs in the works of Zora Neale Hurston.
The impact of the Great Migration on literary depictions of African American life.
Urbanism and its influence on African American literary forms.
The legacy of Langston Hughes and his influence on modern African American poetry.
Comparing the racial politics in African American literature from the 20th to the 21st century.
The role of African American literature in shaping public opinion on social justice issues.
Mental health and trauma in African American literature.
The literary critique of the American Dream in African American literature.
Environmental racism and its representation in African American literature.
The adaptation of African American literary works into films and its cultural implications.
Analyzing class struggle through African American literary works.
The portrayal of African Americans in graphic novels and comics.
Exploring the African diaspora through literature: Connections and divergences.
The influence of Barack Obama’s presidency on African American literature.
Representation of African American LGBTQ+ voices in modern literature.
The use of speculative elements to explore social issues in African American literature.
The role of the church and religion in African American literary narratives.
Literary examinations of police brutality and racial profiling in African American communities.
The evolution of the American Dream in 20th-century American literature.
An analysis of naturalism and realism in the works of Mark Twain and Henry James.
The depiction of the frontier in American literature and its impact on national identity.
Exploring postmodern techniques in the novels of Thomas Pynchon and Don DeLillo.
The influence of immigration on American narrative forms and themes.
The role of the Beat Generation in shaping American counter-culture literature.
Feminist themes in the novels of Sylvia Plath and Toni Morrison.
Ecocriticism and the portrayal of nature in American literature from Thoreau to contemporary authors.
The depiction of war and its aftermath in American literature: From the Civil War to the Iraq War.
The treatment of race and ethnicity in the novels of John Steinbeck.
The role of technology and media in contemporary American fiction.
The impact of the Great Depression on American literary works.
An examination of gothic elements in early American literature.
The influence of transcendentalism in the works of Emerson and Whitman.
Modernist expressions in the poetry of Wallace Stevens and Ezra Pound.
The depiction of suburban life in mid-20th-century American literature.
The cultural significance of the Harlem Renaissance in the development of American literature.
Identity and self-exploration in the essays of Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Analyzing the concept of alienation in the works of Edward Albee and Arthur Miller.
The role of political activism in the plays of August Wilson.
The portrayal of children and adolescence in American literature.
The use of satire and humor in the novels of Kurt Vonnegut.
Exploring the American South through the literature of Flannery O’Connor and William Faulkner.
The representation of LGBTQ+ characters in American novels from the 1960s to present.
Consumer culture and its critique in American post-war fiction.
The legacy of slavery in American literature and its contemporary implications.
The motif of the journey in American literature as a metaphor for personal and collective discovery.
The role of the wilderness in shaping American environmental literature.
An analysis of dystopian themes in American science fiction from Philip K. Dick to Octavia Butler.
The representation of Native American culture and history in American literature.
The treatment of mental health in the short stories of Edgar Allan Poe.
American expatriate writers in Paris during the 1920s: Lost Generation narratives.
The influence of jazz music on the narrative structure of American literature.
The intersection of law and morality in the novels of Herman Melville.
Post-9/11 themes in contemporary American literature.
The evolution of feminist literature in America from the 19th century to modern times.
Examining consumerism and its discontents in the novels of Bret Easton Ellis.
The portrayal of American cities in 20th-century literature.
The impact of the civil rights movement on American literary production.
The use of magical realism in the works of contemporary American authors.
The role of fairy tales in the development of child psychology.
Representation of family structures in modern children’s literature.
Gender roles in classic vs. contemporary children’s books.
The evolution of the hero’s journey in children’s literature.
Moral lessons and their conveyance through children’s stories.
The impact of fantasy literature on children’s imaginative development.
Depictions of cultural diversity in children’s books.
The use of animals as characters and their symbolic meanings in children’s stories.
The portrayal of disability in children’s literature and its impact on inclusivity.
The influence of children’s literature on early reading skills.
Analysis of cross-generational appeal in children’s literature.
The role of illustrations in enhancing narrative in children’s books.
Censorship and controversial topics in children’s literature.
Adaptations of children’s literature into films and their impact on the stories’ reception.
The representation of historical events in children’s literature.
Exploring the educational value of non-fiction children’s books.
The treatment of death and loss in children’s literature.
The role of magic and the supernatural in shaping values through children’s books.
Psychological impacts of children’s horror literature.
The significance of award-winning children’s books in educational contexts.
The influence of digital media on children’s book publishing.
Parental figures in children’s literature: From authoritarian to nurturing roles.
Narrative strategies used in children’s literature to discuss social issues.
Environmental themes in children’s literature and their role in fostering eco-consciousness.
The adaptation of classic children’s literature in the modern era.
The portrayal of bullying in children’s books and its implications for social learning.
The use of humor in children’s literature and its effects on engagement and learning.
Comparative analysis of children’s book series and their educational impacts.
Development of identity and self-concept through children’s literature.
The effectiveness of bilingual children’s books in language teaching.
The role of rhyme and rhythm in early literacy development through children’s poetry.
Sociopolitical themes in children’s literature and their relevance to contemporary issues.
The portrayal of technology and its use in children’s science fiction.
The representation of religious themes in children’s books.
The impact of children’s literature on adult readership.
The influence of children’s literature on children’s attitudes towards animals and nature.
How children’s literature can be used to support emotional intelligence and resilience.
The evolution of adventure themes in children’s literature.
Gender representation in children’s graphic novels.
Analyzing the narrative structure of children’s picture books.
Cross-cultural influences in the modernist movements of Europe and Japan.
The depiction of the Other in Western and Eastern literature.
Comparative analysis of postcolonial narratives in African and South Asian literatures.
The concept of the tragic hero in Greek and Shakespearean drama.
The treatment of love and marriage in 19th-century French and Russian novels.
The portrayal of nature in American transcendentalism vs. British romanticism.
Influence of Persian poetry on 19th-century European poets.
Modern reinterpretations of classical myths in Latin American and Southern European literature.
The role of dystopian themes in Soviet vs. American cold war literature.
Magic realism in Latin American and Sub-Saharan African literature.
Comparative study of feminist waves in American and Middle Eastern literature.
The depiction of urban life in 20th-century Brazilian and Indian novels.
The theme of exile in Jewish literature and Palestinian narratives.
Comparative analysis of existential themes in French and Japanese literature.
Themes of isolation and alienation in Scandinavian and Canadian literature.
The influence of colonialism on narrative structures in Irish and Indian English literature.
Analysis of folk tales adaptation in German and Korean children’s literature.
The portrayal of historical trauma in Armenian and Jewish literature.
The use of allegory in Medieval European and Classical Arabic literature.
Representation of indigenous cultures in Australian and North American novels.
The role of censorship in Soviet literature compared to Francoist Spain.
Themes of redemption in African-American and South African literature.
Narrative techniques in stream of consciousness: Virginia Woolf and Clarice Lispector.
The intersection of poetry and politics in Latin American and Middle Eastern literature.
The evolution of the epistolary novel in 18th-century England and France.
Comparative study of the Beat Generation and the Angolan writers of the 1960s.
The depiction of spiritual journeys in Indian and Native American literatures.
Cross-cultural examinations of humor and satire in British and Russian literatures.
Comparative analysis of modern dystopias in American and Chinese literature.
The impact of globalization on contemporary European and Asian novelists.
Postmodern identity crisis in Japanese and Italian literature.
Comparative study of the concept of heroism in ancient Greek and Indian epics.
Ecocriticism in British and Brazilian literature.
The influence of the French Revolution on English and French literature.
Representation of mental illness in 20th-century American and Norwegian plays.
Themes of migration in the Caribbean and the Mediterranean literatures.
Gender and sexuality in contemporary African and Southeast Asian short stories.
The literary portrayal of technological advances in German and American literature.
Comparative study of children’s fantasy literature in the British and Egyptian traditions.
The role of the supernatural in Japanese and Celtic folklore narratives.
The impact of digital culture on narrative forms in contemporary literature.
Representation of the global financial crisis in 21st-century novels.
Analysis of identity and self in the age of social media as depicted in contemporary literature.
The role of dystopian themes in reflecting contemporary societal fears.
Post-9/11 political and cultural narratives in American literature.
The influence of migration on shaping multicultural identities in contemporary novels.
Gender fluidity and queer identities in contemporary literary works.
Environmental concerns and ecocriticism in 21st-century fiction.
The resurgence of the epistolary novel form in the digital age.
The depiction of mental health in contemporary young adult literature.
The role of indigenous voices in contemporary world literature.
Neo-colonialism and its representation in contemporary African literature.
The intersection of film and literature in contemporary storytelling.
Analysis of consumerism and its critique in modern literary works.
The rise of autobiographical novels in contemporary literature and their impact on narrative authenticity.
Technological dystopias and human identity in contemporary science fiction.
The representation of terrorism and its impacts in contemporary literature.
Examination of contemporary feminist literature and the evolution of feminist theory.
The literary treatment of historical memory and trauma in post-Soviet literature.
The changing face of heroism in 21st-century literature.
Contemporary plays addressing the challenges of modern relationships and family dynamics.
The use of supernatural elements in modern literary fiction.
The influence of Eastern philosophies on Western contemporary literature.
The portrayal of aging and death in contemporary novels.
The dynamics of power and corruption in new political thrillers.
The evolution of narrative voice and perspective in contemporary literature.
Representation of refugees and asylum seekers in modern fiction.
The impact of pandemics on literary themes and settings.
Postmodern approaches to myth and folklore in contemporary writing.
The critique of nationalism and patriotism in 21st-century literature.
The use of satire and irony to critique contemporary political climates.
Emerging forms of literature, such as interactive and visual novels, in the digital era.
The representation of class struggle in contemporary urban narratives.
Changes in the portrayal of romance and intimacy in new adult fiction.
The challenge of ethical dilemmas in contemporary medical dramas.
Examination of space and place in the new landscape of contemporary poetry.
Contemporary reimaginings of classical literature characters in modern settings.
The role of privacy, surveillance, and paranoia in contemporary narratives.
The blending of genres in contemporary literature: The rise of hybrid forms.
The portrayal of artificial intelligence and its implications for humanity in contemporary works.
The role of memory and nostalgia in the literature of the Jewish diaspora.
Narratives of displacement and identity in the African diaspora.
The portrayal of the Indian diaspora in contemporary literature.
Cross-cultural conflicts and identity negotiations in Korean diaspora literature.
The influence of colonial legacies on Caribbean diaspora writers.
The concept of “home” and “belonging” in Palestinian diaspora literature.
Exploring the Irish diaspora through literary expressions of exile and return.
The impact of migration on gender roles within Middle Eastern diaspora communities.
Representation of the Vietnamese diaspora in American literature.
Transnationalism and its effects on language and narrative in Chicano/Chicana literature.
Dual identities and the search for authenticity in Italian-American diaspora writing.
The evolution of cultural identity in second-generation diaspora authors.
Comparative analysis of diaspora literature from former Yugoslav countries.
The depiction of generational conflicts in Chinese-American diaspora literature.
The use of folklore and mythology in reconnecting with cultural roots in Filipino diaspora literature.
The representation of trauma and recovery in the literature of the Armenian diaspora.
Intersectionality and feminism in African diaspora literature.
The role of culinary culture in narratives of the Indian diaspora.
Identity politics and the struggle for cultural preservation in diaspora literature from Latin America.
The portrayal of exile and diaspora in modern Jewish Russian literature.
The impact of globalization on diaspora identities as reflected in literature.
Language hybridity and innovation in Anglophone Caribbean diaspora literature.
Literary portrayals of the challenges faced by refugees in European diaspora communities.
The influence of remittances and transnational ties on Filipino diaspora literature.
The use of magical realism to express diasporic experiences in Latin American literature.
The effects of assimilation and cultural retention in Greek diaspora literature.
The role of digital media in shaping the narratives of contemporary diasporas.
The depiction of the African American return diaspora in literature.
Challenges of integration and discrimination in Muslim diaspora literature in Western countries.
The portrayal of Soviet diaspora communities in post-Cold War literature.
The narratives of return and reintegration in post-colonial diaspora literatures.
The influence of historical events on the literature of the Korean War diaspora.
The role of diaspora literature in shaping national policies on immigration.
Identity crisis and cultural negotiation in French-Algerian diaspora literature.
The impact of diaspora on the evolution of national literatures.
Literary exploration of transracial adoption in American diaspora literature.
The exploration of queer identities in global diaspora communities.
The influence of the digital age on the literary expression of diaspora experiences.
Themes of loss and alienation in Canadian diaspora literature.
The role of literature in documenting the experiences of the Syrian diaspora.
The role of the supernatural in the works of Shakespeare.
The portrayal of women in Victorian novels.
The influence of the Romantic poets on modern environmental literature.
The depiction of poverty and social class in Charles Dickens’ novels.
The evolution of the narrative form in British novels from the 18th to the 20th century.
Themes of war and peace in post-World War II British poetry.
The impact of colonialism on British literature during the Empire.
The role of the Byronic hero in Lord Byron’s works and its influence on subsequent literature.
The critique of human rights in the plays of Harold Pinter.
The representation of race and ethnicity in post-colonial British literature.
The influence of Gothic elements in the novels of the Brontë sisters.
Modernism and its discontents in the works of Virginia Woolf and T.S. Eliot.
The treatment of love and marriage in Jane Austen’s novels.
The use of irony and satire in Jonathan Swift’s writings.
The evolution of the tragic hero from Shakespeare to modern plays.
Literary depictions of the British countryside in poetry and prose.
The rise of feminist literature in England from Mary Wollstonecraft to the present.
The portrayal of children and childhood in Lewis Carroll’s works.
Analyzing the quest motif in British Arthurian literature.
The influence of the Industrial Revolution on English literature.
Themes of alienation and isolation in the novels of D.H. Lawrence.
The representation of religious doubt and faith in the poetry of John Donne and George Herbert.
The role of espionage and national identity in British spy novels.
Literary responses to the Irish Troubles in 20th-century British literature.
The evolution of comic and satirical plays in British theatre from Ben Jonson to Tom Stoppard.
The treatment of death and mourning in the works of Emily Dickinson and Christina Rossetti.
Comparative study of myth and mythology in the works of William Blake and Ted Hughes.
The depiction of the British Empire and its legacies in contemporary British literature.
The role of landscape and environment in shaping the novels of Thomas Hardy.
The influence of music and poetry on the lyrical ballads of Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
The impact of technology on society as depicted in the novels of Aldous Huxley.
The critique of societal norms and manners in Oscar Wilde’s plays.
Literary explorations of mental illness in the early 20th century.
The intersection of literature and science in the works of H.G. Wells.
The role of the sea in British literature: From Shakespeare’s tempests to Joseph Conrad’s voyages.
The impact of Brexit on contemporary British literature.
Themes of exile and displacement in the poetry of W.H. Auden.
The influence of American culture on post-war British literature.
The role of the detective novel in British literature, from Sherlock Holmes to contemporary works.
The portrayal of the “New Woman” in late 19th-century English literature.
The evolution of feminist thought in literature from the 19th century to the present.
Analysis of the portrayal of women in dystopian literature.
Intersectionality and its representation in contemporary feminist texts.
The role of women in shaping modernist literature.
Feminist critique of traditional gender roles in fairy tales and folklore.
The portrayal of female agency in graphic novels and comics.
The influence of second-wave feminism on literature of the 1960s and 1970s.
Postcolonial feminism in the works of authors from Africa and the Caribbean.
The depiction of motherhood in feminist literature across cultures.
The impact of feminist theory on the analysis of classical literature.
Ecofeminism: exploring the link between ecology and gender in literature.
Feminist perspectives on sexuality and desire in literature.
The intersection of feminism and disability in literary texts.
The role of the female gothic in understanding women’s oppression and empowerment.
Representation of transgender and non-binary characters in feminist literature.
Feminism and the critique of capitalism in literary works.
The representation of women in science fiction and fantasy genres.
Analysis of domesticity and the private sphere in 19th-century literature.
Feminist reinterpretations of mythological figures and stories.
The role of women in revolutionary narratives and political literature.
Feminist analysis of the body and corporeality in literature.
The portrayal of female friendships and solidarity in novels.
The influence of feminist literature on contemporary pop culture.
Gender and power dynamics in the works of Shakespeare from a feminist perspective.
The impact of digital media on feminist literary criticism.
Feminist literary responses to global crises and conflicts.
Queer feminism and literature: Exploring texts that intersect gender, sexuality, and feminist theory.
The portrayal of women in wartime literature from a feminist viewpoint.
Feminist poetry movements and their contribution to literary history.
The influence of feminist literary theory on teaching literature in academic settings.
Feminist analysis of women’s voices in oral narratives and storytelling traditions.
Representation of women in the detective and mystery genres.
The use of satire and humor in feminist literature to challenge societal norms.
Feminist perspectives on religious texts and their interpretations.
The critique of marriage and relationships in feminist novels.
Women’s narratives in the digital age: Blogs, social media, and literature.
Feminist literature as a tool for social change and activism.
The influence of feminist literature on legal and social policy reforms.
Gender roles in children’s literature: A feminist critique.
The role of feminist literature in redefining beauty standards and body image.
The evolution of the Gothic novel from the 18th century to contemporary Gothic fiction.
The representation of the sublime and the terrifying in Gothic literature.
The role of haunted landscapes in Gothic narratives.
Psychological horror vs. supernatural horror in Gothic literature.
The portrayal of madness in classic Gothic novels.
The influence of Gothic literature on modern horror films.
Themes of isolation and alienation in Gothic fiction.
The use of architecture as a symbol of psychological state in Gothic literature.
Gender roles and the portrayal of women in Victorian Gothic novels.
The revival of Gothic elements in 21st-century young adult literature.
The depiction of villains and anti-heroes in Gothic stories.
Comparative analysis of European and American Gothic literature.
The intersection of Gothic literature and romanticism.
The influence of religious symbolism and themes in Gothic narratives.
Gothic elements in the works of contemporary authors like Stephen King and Anne Rice.
The role of curses and prophecies in Gothic storytelling.
Gothic literature as social and cultural critique.
The representation of death and the afterlife in Gothic novels.
The use of dual personalities in Gothic literature.
The impact of Gothic literature on fashion and visual arts.
The role of secrecy and suspense in creating the Gothic atmosphere.
The depiction of the monstrous and the grotesque in Gothic texts.
Exploring the Gothic in graphic novels and comics.
The motif of the journey in Gothic literature.
The portrayal of science and experimentation in Gothic stories.
Gothic elements in children’s literature.
The role of nature and the natural world in Gothic narratives.
Themes of inheritance and the burden of the past in Gothic novels.
The influence of Gothic literature on the development of detective and mystery genres.
The portrayal of patriarchal society and its discontents in Gothic fiction.
The Gothic and its relation to postcolonial literature.
The use of folklore and myth in Gothic narratives.
The narrative structure and techniques in Gothic literature.
The role of the supernatural in defining the Gothic genre.
Gothic literature as a reflection of societal anxieties during different historical periods.
The motif of entrapment and escape in Gothic stories.
Comparative study of Gothic literature and dark romanticism.
The use of setting as a character in Gothic narratives.
The evolution of the ghost story within Gothic literature.
The function of mirrors and doubling in Gothic texts.
The portrayal of traditional spiritual beliefs in Indigenous literature.
The impact of colonization on Indigenous narratives and storytelling.
Analysis of language revitalization efforts through Indigenous literature.
Indigenous feminist perspectives in contemporary literature.
The role of land and environment in Indigenous storytelling.
Depictions of family and community in Indigenous novels.
The intersection of Indigenous literature and modernist themes.
The representation of cultural trauma and resilience in Indigenous poetry.
The use of oral traditions in modern Indigenous writing.
Indigenous perspectives on sovereignty and autonomy in literary texts.
The role of Indigenous literature in national reconciliation processes.
Contemporary Indigenous literature as a form of political activism.
The influence of Indigenous languages on narrative structure and poetics.
The depiction of urban Indigenous experiences in literature.
Analysis of Indigenous science fiction and speculative fiction.
The portrayal of intergenerational trauma and healing in Indigenous stories.
The role of mythology and folklore in contemporary Indigenous literature.
Indigenous authors and the global literary market.
The use of non-linear narratives in Indigenous storytelling.
Comparative study of Indigenous literatures from different continents.
The portrayal of Indigenous identities in children’s and young adult literature.
Representation of gender and sexuality in Indigenous literature.
The role of art and imagery in Indigenous narratives.
The influence of non-Indigenous readerships on the publication of Indigenous texts.
Environmental justice themes in Indigenous literature.
The depiction of historical events and their impacts in Indigenous novels.
Indigenous literature as a tool for education and cultural preservation.
The dynamics of translation in bringing Indigenous stories to a wider audience.
The treatment of non-human entities and their personification in Indigenous stories.
The influence of Indigenous storytelling techniques on contemporary cinema.
Indigenous authorship and intellectual property rights.
The impact of awards and recognitions on Indigenous literary careers.
Analysis of Indigenous autobiographies and memoirs.
The role of mentorship and community support in the development of Indigenous writers.
Comparative analysis of traditional and contemporary forms of Indigenous poetry.
The effect of digital media on the dissemination of Indigenous stories.
Indigenous resistance and survival narratives in the face of cultural assimilation.
The role of Indigenous literature in shaping cultural policies.
Exploring hybrid identities through Indigenous literature.
The representation of Indigenous spiritual practices in modern novels.
The application of deconstruction in contemporary literary analysis.
The impact of feminist theory on the interpretation of classic literature.
Marxism and its influence on the critique of 21st-century novels.
The role of psychoanalytic theory in understanding character motivations and narrative structures.
Postcolonial theory and its application to modern diaspora literature.
The relevance of structuralism in today’s literary studies.
The intersection of queer theory and literature.
The use of ecocriticism to interpret environmental themes in literature.
Reader-response theory and its implications for understanding audience engagement.
The influence of New Historicism on the interpretation of historical novels.
The application of critical race theory in analyzing literature by authors of color.
The role of biographical criticism in studying authorial intent.
The impact of digital humanities on literary studies.
The application of narrative theory in the study of non-linear storytelling.
The critique of capitalism using cultural materialism in contemporary literature.
The evolution of feminist literary criticism from the second wave to the present.
Hermeneutics and the philosophy of interpretation in literature.
The study of semiotics in graphic novels and visual literature.
The role of myth criticism in understanding modern reinterpretations of ancient stories.
Comparative literature and the challenges of cross-cultural interpretations.
The impact of globalization on postcolonial literary theories.
The application of disability studies in literary analysis.
Memory studies and its influence on the interpretation of narrative time.
The influence of phenomenology on character analysis in novels.
The role of orientalism in the depiction of the East in Western literature.
The relevance of Bakhtin’s theories on dialogism and the carnivalesque in contemporary media.
The implications of translation studies for interpreting multilingual texts.
The use of animal studies in literature to critique human-animal relationships.
The role of affect theory in understanding emotional responses to literature.
The critique of imperialism and nationalism in literature using postcolonial theories.
The implications of intersectionality in feminist literary criticism.
The application of Freudian concepts to the analysis of horror and Gothic literature.
The use of genre theory in classifying emerging forms of digital literature.
The critique of linguistic imperialism in postcolonial literature.
The use of performance theory in the study of drama and poetry readings.
The relevance of Antonio Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony in literary studies.
The examination of space and place in urban literature using spatial theory.
The impact of surveillance culture on contemporary narrative forms.
The application of chaos theory to the analysis of complex narrative structures.
The role of allegory in political and religious texts through historical and contemporary lenses.
Adaptation theory and the translation of literary narratives into film.
The role of the director as an interpreter of literary texts in cinema.
Comparative analysis of narrative techniques in novels and their film adaptations.
The impact of film adaptations on the reception of classic literature.
The portrayal of historical events in literature and film.
The influence of screenplay structure on literary narrative forms.
The representation of gender roles in book-to-film adaptations.
The intertextuality between film scripts and their source novels.
The use of visual symbolism in films adapted from literary works.
The portrayal of psychological depth in characters from literature to film.
The adaptation of non-fiction literature into documentary filmmaking.
The impact of the author’s biographical elements on film adaptations.
The role of music and sound in enhancing narrative elements from literature in films.
The evolution of the horror genre from literature to film.
The representation of science fiction themes in literature and their adaptation to cinema.
The influence of fan culture on the adaptation process.
The depiction of dystopian societies in books and their cinematic counterparts.
The challenges of translating poetry into visual narrative.
The portrayal of magical realism in literature and film.
The depiction of race and ethnicity in adaptations of multicultural literature.
The role of the viewer’s perspective in literature vs. film.
The effectiveness of dialogue adaptation from literary dialogues to film scripts.
The impact of setting and locale in film adaptations of regional literature.
The transformation of the mystery genre from page to screen.
The adaptation of children’s literature into family films.
The narrative construction of heroism in literary epics and their film adaptations.
The influence of graphic novels on visual storytelling in films.
The adaptation of classical mythology in modern cinema.
The ethics of adapting real-life events and biographies into film.
The role of cinematic techniques in depicting internal monologues from novels.
The comparison of thematic depth in short stories and their film adaptations.
The portrayal of alienation in modern literature and independent films.
The adaptation of stage plays into feature films.
The challenges of adapting experimental literature into conventional film formats.
The representation of time and memory in literature and film.
The adaptation of young adult novels into film franchises.
The role of directorial vision in reinterpreting a literary work for the screen.
The cultural impact of blockbuster adaptations of fantasy novels.
The influence of cinematic adaptations on contemporary novel writing.
The role of censorship in the adaptation of controversial literary works to film.
The portrayal of the American Revolution in contemporary historical novels.
The impact of the World Wars on European literary expression.
The depiction of the Victorian era in British novels.
Literary responses to the Great Depression in American literature.
The representation of the Russian Revolution in 20th-century literature.
The influence of the Harlem Renaissance on African American literature.
The role of literature in documenting the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.
The depiction of colonialism and its aftermath in African literature.
The influence of historical events on the development of national literatures.
The role of literary works in shaping public memory of historical tragedies.
The portrayal of the Holocaust in European and American literature.
The use of allegory to critique political regimes in 20th-century literature.
The depiction of indigenous histories and resistances in literature.
The representation of the French Revolution in romantic literature.
Literature as a tool for national identity construction in postcolonial states.
The portrayal of historical figures in biographical novels.
The influence of the Cold War on spy novels and political thrillers.
The impact of migration and diaspora on historical narratives in literature.
The role of the ancient world in shaping modern historical novels.
The depiction of the Industrial Revolution and its impacts in literature.
The role of women in historical novels from the feminist perspective.
The representation of religious conflicts and their historical impacts in literature.
The influence of myth and folklore on historical narrative constructions.
The depiction of the American West in literature and its historical inaccuracies.
The role of literature in the preservation of endangered languages and cultures.
The impact of digital archives on the study of literature and history.
The use of literature to explore counterfactual histories.
The portrayal of piracy and maritime history in adventure novels.
Literary depictions of the fall of empires and their historical contexts.
The impact of archaeological discoveries on historical fiction.
The influence of the Spanish Civil War on global literary movements.
The depiction of social upheavals and their impacts on literary production.
The role of literature in documenting the environmental history of regions.
The portrayal of non-Western historical narratives in global literature.
The impact of historical laws and policies on the lives of characters in novels.
The influence of public health crises and pandemics on literature.
The representation of trade routes and their historical significance in literature.
The depiction of revolutions and uprisings in Latin American literature.
The role of historical texts in the reimagining of genre literature.
The influence of postmodernism on the interpretation of historical narratives in literature.
The exploration of existential themes in modern literature.
The representation of Platonic ideals in Renaissance literature.
Nietzschean perspectives in the works of postmodern authors.
The influence of Stoicism on characters’ development in classical literature.
The portrayal of ethical dilemmas in war novels.
The philosophical underpinnings of utopian and dystopian literature.
The role of absurdism in the narratives of 20th-century plays.
The concept of ‘the Other’ in literature, from a phenomenological viewpoint.
The depiction of free will and determinism in science fiction.
The influence of feminist philosophy on contemporary literature.
The exploration of Socratic dialogue within literary texts.
The reflection of Cartesian dualism in Gothic novels.
Buddhist philosophy in the works of Eastern and Western authors.
The impact of existentialism on the characterization in novels by Camus and Sartre.
The use of allegory to explore philosophical concepts in medieval literature.
The portrayal of hedonism and asceticism in biographical fiction.
The exploration of phenomenology in autobiographical narratives.
Literary critiques of capitalism through Marxist philosophy.
The relationship between language and reality in post-structuralist texts.
The depiction of nihilism in Russian literature.
The intersection of Confucian philosophy and traditional Asian narratives.
The exploration of human nature in literature from a Hobbesian perspective.
The influence of pragmatism on American literary realism.
The portrayal of justice and injustice in novels centered on legal dilemmas.
The exploration of existential risk and future ethics in speculative fiction.
The philosophical examination of memory and identity in memoirs and autobiographies.
The role of ethics in the portrayal of artificial intelligence in literature.
The literary interpretation of Schopenhauer’s philosophy of pessimism.
The reflection of Epicurean philosophy in modern travel literature.
The influence of Kantian ethics on the narratives of moral conflict.
The representation of libertarian philosophies in dystopian literature.
The philosophical discourse on beauty and aesthetics in literature.
The exploration of virtue ethics through historical biographical novels.
The philosophical implications of transhumanism in cyberpunk literature.
The use of literature to explore the philosophical concept of the sublime.
The narrative structures of temporality and eternity in philosophical novels.
The impact of neo-Platonism on the symbolism in Renaissance poetry.
The portrayal of existential isolation in urban contemporary novels.
The reflection of utilitarianism in social and political novels.
The exploration of ethical ambiguity in spy and thriller genres.
The portrayal of psychological disorders in modernist literature.
Exploration of trauma and its narrative representation in post-war novels.
The use of stream of consciousness as a method to explore cognitive processes in literature.
The psychological impact of isolation in dystopian literature.
The depiction of childhood and development in coming-of-age novels.
Psychological manipulation in the narrative structure of mystery and thriller novels.
The role of psychological resilience in characters surviving extreme conditions.
The influence of Freudian theory on the interpretation of dreams in literature.
The use of psychological archetypes in the development of mythological storytelling.
The portrayal of psychological therapy and its impacts in contemporary fiction.
Analysis of cognitive dissonance through characters’ internal conflicts in novels.
The exploration of the Jungian shadow in villain characters.
Psychological profiling of protagonists in crime fiction.
The impact of societal expectations on mental health in historical novels.
The role of psychology in understanding unreliable narrators.
The depiction of addiction and recovery in autobiographical works.
The exploration of grief and mourning in poetry.
Psychological theories of love as depicted in romantic literature.
The narrative portrayal of dissociative identity disorder in literature.
The use of psychological suspense in Gothic literature.
The representation of anxiety and depression in young adult fiction.
Psychological effects of war on soldiers as depicted in military fiction.
The role of psychoanalysis in interpreting symbolic content in fairy tales.
The psychological impact of technological change as seen in science fiction.
The exploration of existential crises in philosophical novels.
The depiction of social psychology principles in literature about cults and mass movements.
Psychological aspects of racial and gender identity in contemporary literature.
The representation of the subconscious in surreal and absurd literature.
The application of psychological resilience theories in survival literature.
The portrayal of parental influence on child development in family sagas.
Psychological theories of aging as explored in literature about the elderly.
The depiction of sensory processing disorders in fictional characters.
Psychological effects of immigration and cultural assimilation in diaspora literature.
The role of narrative therapy in autobiographical writing and memoirs.
The portrayal of obsessive-compulsive disorder in narrative fiction.
Psychological implications of virtual realities in cyberpunk literature.
The representation of psychopathy in anti-hero characters.
The exploration of group dynamics and leadership in epic tales.
Psychological interpretations of magical realism as a reflection of cultural psyche.
The use of literature in the therapeutic practice and understanding of mental health issues.
The influence of Christian theology on medieval epic poems.
The role of allegory in interpreting medieval morality plays.
The depiction of chivalry and courtly love in Arthurian legends.
Comparative analysis of the heroic ideals in Beowulf and the Song of Roland.
The impact of the Black Death on the themes of medieval poetry and prose.
The portrayal of women in medieval romances.
The use of dreams as a narrative device in medieval literature.
The representation of the otherworldly and supernatural in medieval texts.
The function of medieval bestiaries in literature and their symbolic meanings.
The influence of the Crusades on medieval literature across Europe.
The evolution of the troubadour and trouvère traditions in medieval France.
The depiction of feudalism and social hierarchy in medieval narratives.
The role of satire and humor in the Canterbury Tales.
The impact of monastic life on medieval literary production.
The use of vernacular languages in medieval literature versus Latin texts.
The portrayal of sin and redemption in Dante’s Divine Comedy.
The literary responses to the Mongol invasions in medieval Eurasian literature.
The development of allegorical interpretation in medieval biblical exegesis.
The influence of Islamic culture on medieval European literature.
The representation of Jewish communities in medieval Christian literature.
The concept of kingship and rule in Anglo-Saxon literature.
The use of landscape and nature in medieval Celtic stories.
The role of pilgrimage in shaping medieval narrative structures.
The depiction of witchcraft and magic in medieval texts.
Gender roles and their subversion in Middle English literature.
The literary legacy of Charlemagne in medieval European epics.
The portrayal of disability and disease in medieval literature.
The use of relics and iconography in medieval religious writings.
The medieval origins of modern fantasy literature tropes.
The use of cryptography and secret messages in medieval romance literature.
The influence of medieval astronomy and cosmology on literary works.
The role of manuscript culture in preserving medieval literary texts.
The depiction of Vikings in medieval English and Scandinavian literature.
Medieval literary depictions of Byzantine and Ottoman interactions.
The representation of sermons and homilies in medieval literature.
The literary forms and functions of medieval liturgical drama.
The influence of classical antiquity on medieval literary forms.
The use of irony and parody in medieval fabliaux.
The role of the troubadour poetry in the development of lyrical music traditions.
The impact of medieval legal texts on contemporary narrative forms.
The influence of urbanization on narrative form in Modernist literature.
Stream of consciousness technique in the works of Virginia Woolf and James Joyce.
The role of symbolism and imagery in T.S. Eliot’s poetry.
The depiction of the World War I experience in Modernist novels.
The impact of Freudian psychology on Modernist character development.
The intersection of visual arts and narrative structure in Modernist poetry.
The critique of imperialism and colonialism in Modernist texts.
The representation of gender and sexuality in Modernist literature.
The influence of technology and industrialization on Modernist themes.
The use of fragmentation and non-linear narratives in Modernist fiction.
The evolution of the novel form in Modernist literature.
The role of existential philosophy in shaping Modernist themes.
The critique of traditional values and societal norms in Modernist works.
The portrayal of alienation and isolation in the Modernist era.
The impact of Jazz music on the rhythm and structure of Modernist poetry.
The role of expatriate writers in the development of Modernist literature.
The influence of Russian literature on Modernist authors.
The exploration of time and memory in Modernist narrative techniques.
The depiction of urban alienation and anonymity in Modernist literature.
The role of patronage and literary salons in the promotion of Modernist art.
The impact of cinema on Modernist narrative techniques.
The representation of religious doubt and spiritual crisis in Modernist texts.
The influence of Cubism on the form and structure of Modernist poetry.
The use of irony and satire in the critiques of Modernist society.
The interplay between Modernist literature and the emerging psychoanalytic discourse.
The depiction of the breakdown of language and communication in Modernist works.
The role of the anti-hero in Modernist novels.
The impact of existential despair on the themes of Modernist literature.
The representation of the New Woman in Modernist fiction.
The influence of Eastern philosophies on Modernist thought and writings.
The critique of materialism and consumer culture in Modernist literature.
The role of myth and narrative reconfiguration in Modernist poetry.
The depiction of war trauma and its aftermath in Modernist literature.
The representation of racial and ethnic identities in Modernist works.
The impact of avant-garde movements on Modernist literary forms.
The influence of European intellectual movements on American Modernist writers.
The role of the flâneur in Modernist literature and urban exploration.
The exploration of linguistic innovation in the works of Gertrude Stein.
The critique of historical progress in Modernist narratives.
The impact of existentialism on the depiction of the absurd in Modernist theatre.
The representation of colonial impact on identity in postcolonial narratives.
The role of language and power in postcolonial literature.
The portrayal of gender and resistance in postcolonial women’s writings.
The depiction of hybridity and cultural syncretism in postcolonial texts.
The influence of native folklore and mythology in postcolonial storytelling.
The critique of neocolonialism and globalization in contemporary postcolonial literature.
The exploration of diaspora and migration in postcolonial narratives.
The role of the subaltern voice in postcolonial literature.
The impact of postcolonial theory on Western literary criticism.
The representation of landscapes and spaces in postcolonial works.
The portrayal of historical trauma and memory in postcolonial fiction.
The exploration of identity and belonging in postcolonial children’s literature.
The use of magical realism as a political tool in postcolonial literature.
The depiction of urbanization and its effects in postcolonial cities.
The role of religion in shaping postcolonial identities.
The impact of apartheid and its aftermath in South African literature.
The representation of indigenous knowledge systems in postcolonial texts.
The critique of patriarchy in postcolonial narratives.
The exploration of linguistic decolonization in postcolonial writing.
The portrayal of conflict and reconciliation in postcolonial societies.
The depiction of postcolonial resistance strategies in literature.
The representation of climate change and environmental issues in postcolonial contexts.
The role of education in postcolonial literature.
The impact of tourism and exoticism on postcolonial identities.
The exploration of economic disparities in postcolonial narratives.
The representation of refugees and asylum seekers in postcolonial literature.
The portrayal of political corruption and governance in postcolonial works.
The depiction of cultural preservation and loss in postcolonial societies.
The role of oral traditions in contemporary postcolonial literature.
The portrayal of transnational identities in postcolonial fiction.
The exploration of gender fluidity and sexuality in postcolonial texts.
The depiction of labor migration and its effects in postcolonial literature.
The role of the media in shaping postcolonial discourses.
The impact of Western pop culture on postcolonial societies.
The portrayal of intergenerational conflict in postcolonial families.
The depiction of mental health issues in postcolonial contexts.
The exploration of postcolonial futurism in African speculative fiction.
The representation of native resistance against colonial forces in historical novels.
The critique of linguistic imperialism in postcolonial education.
The depiction of decolonization movements in postcolonial literature.
The use of metafiction and narrative self-awareness in postmodern literature.
The role of irony and playfulness in postmodern texts.
The exploration of fragmented identities in postmodern novels.
The deconstruction of traditional narrative structures in postmodern works.
The representation of hyperreality and the simulation of reality in postmodern fiction.
The critique of consumer culture and its influence on postmodern characters.
The exploration of historiographic metafiction and the reinterpretation of history.
The role of pastiche and intertextuality in postmodern literature.
The depiction of paranoia and conspiracy in postmodern narratives.
The portrayal of cultural relativism and the challenge to universal truths.
The use of multimedia and digital influences in postmodern writing.
The exploration of existential uncertainty in postmodern philosophy and literature.
The role of gender and identity politics in postmodern texts.
The depiction of postmodern urban landscapes and architecture in literature.
The representation of globalization and its effects in postmodern novels.
The portrayal of ecological crises and environmental concerns in postmodern fiction.
The critique of scientific rationalism and technology in postmodern literature.
The exploration of linguistic experimentation and its impact on narrative.
The role of the anti-hero and flawed protagonists in postmodern stories.
The depiction of social fragmentation and alienation in postmodern works.
The representation of non-linear time and its effect on narrative perspective.
The portrayal of the dissolution of boundaries between high and low culture.
The use of parody and satire to critique political and social norms.
The exploration of subjectivity and the breakdown of the authorial voice.
The role of performance and spectacle in postmodern drama.
The depiction of marginalization and minority voices in postmodern literature.
The representation of the interplay between virtual and physical realities.
The portrayal of ephemeral and transient experiences in postmodern texts.
The critique of capitalism and neoliberal economics in postmodern narratives.
The exploration of human relationships in the context of media saturation.
The depiction of dystopian societies and their critiques of contemporary issues.
The role of surreal and absurd elements in postmodern storytelling.
The portrayal of cultural pastiches and their implications for identity formation.
The exploration of narrative unreliability and ambiguous truths.
The depiction of multiple realities and parallel universes in postmodern fiction.
The representation of anarchism and resistance in postmodern literature.
The critique of colonial narratives and their postmodern reevaluations.
The exploration of therapeutic narratives in postmodern psychology and literature.
The role of chance and randomness in the structure of postmodern plots.
The portrayal of artistic and cultural decadence in postmodern settings.
The impact of humanism on the themes and forms of Renaissance poetry.
The influence of Renaissance art on the literature of the period.
The role of court patronage in the development of literary forms during the Renaissance.
The depiction of love and courtship in Shakespeare’s comedies.
The use of classical myths in Renaissance drama.
The portrayal of political power in the plays of Christopher Marlowe.
The evolution of the sonnet form from Petrarch to Shakespeare.
The representation of women in Renaissance literature and the role of gender.
The impact of the Reformation on English literature during the Renaissance.
The development of narrative prose during the Renaissance.
The influence of Italian literature on English Renaissance writers.
The role of allegory in Spenser’s The Faerie Queene .
The depiction of the supernatural in Renaissance drama.
The exploration of identity and self in Renaissance autobiographical writings.
The rise of satire and its development during the English Renaissance.
The concept of the tragic hero in Renaissance tragedy.
The role of travel and exploration narratives in shaping Renaissance literature.
The influence of Machiavellian philosophy on Renaissance literary characters.
The representation of religious conflicts and sectarianism in Renaissance texts.
The depiction of colonialism and its early impacts in Renaissance literature.
The portrayal of the city and urban life in Renaissance literature.
The use of rhetoric and persuasion in the sermons and speeches of the Renaissance.
The depiction of friendship and societal bonds in Renaissance literature.
The influence of Renaissance music on the poetic forms of the time.
The role of magic and science in the literature of the Renaissance.
The treatment of classical philosophy in Renaissance humanist literature.
The representation of nature and the environment in pastoral literature.
The depiction of courtly and peasant life in Renaissance drama.
The influence of Renaissance literature on later literary movements.
The portrayal of villains and their motivations in Renaissance plays.
The development of printing technology and its impact on Renaissance literature.
The role of language and dialect in the literature of the English Renaissance.
The depiction of the New World in Renaissance travel literature.
The exploration of moral and ethical issues in Renaissance philosophical writings.
The impact of Spanish literature on the Renaissance literary scene.
The role of soliloquies in deepening character development in Renaissance drama.
The treatment of death and mortality in Renaissance poetry.
The representation of court politics and intrigue in Renaissance historical plays.
The development of comedic elements in Renaissance literature.
The exploration of Renaissance literary criticism and its approaches to interpretation.
The exploration of nature and the sublime in Romantic poetry.
The role of the individual and personal emotion in Romantic literature.
The impact of the French Revolution on Romantic literary themes.
The representation of the Byronic hero in Romantic novels.
The influence of Gothic elements on Romantic literature.
The depiction of women and femininity in the works of Romantic poets.
The role of imagination and creativity in Romantic theories of art and literature.
The portrayal of childhood and innocence in Romantic literature.
The influence of Eastern cultures on Romantic poetry and prose.
The interplay between science and religion in Romantic texts.
The Romantic fascination with death and the macabre.
The depiction of landscapes and rural life in Romantic poetry.
The role of folklore and mythology in shaping Romantic narratives.
The impact of Romanticism on national identities across Europe.
The exploration of exile and alienation in Romantic literature.
The critique of industrialization and its social impacts in Romantic writing.
The development of the historical novel in Romantic literature.
The role of letters and correspondence in Romantic literary culture.
The representation of revolutionary ideals and their disillusionment in Romantic texts.
The exploration of human rights and liberty in Romantic works.
The portrayal of artistic genius and its torments in Romantic literature.
The depiction of friendship and romantic love in Romantic poetry.
The influence of Romantic literature on the development of modern environmentalism.
The role of music and its inspiration on Romantic poetry.
The exploration of time and memory in Romantic literary works.
The depiction of urban versus rural dichotomies in Romantic texts.
The impact of Romanticism on later literary movements such as Symbolism and Decadence.
The role of melancholy and introspection in Romantic poetry.
The representation of dreams and visions in Romantic literature.
The depiction of storms and natural disasters as metaphors in Romantic writing.
The exploration of political reform and radicalism in Romantic works.
The portrayal of the supernatural and its role in Romantic narratives.
The influence of Romantic literature on the visual arts.
The depiction of heroism and adventure in Romantic epics.
The role of solitude and contemplation in Romantic poetry.
The exploration of national folklore in the Romantic movement across different cultures.
The critique of reason and rationality in favor of emotional intuition.
The depiction of the quest for immortality and eternal youth in Romantic literature.
The role of the pastoral and the picturesque in Romantic aesthetics.
The exploration of spiritual and transcendental experiences in Romantic texts.
The role of dystopian worlds in critiquing contemporary social issues.
The portrayal of artificial intelligence and its ethical implications in science fiction.
The evolution of space opera within science fiction literature.
The depiction of alternate histories in fantasy literature and their cultural significance.
The use of magic systems in fantasy novels as metaphors for real-world power dynamics.
The representation of gender and sexuality in speculative fiction.
The influence of scientific advancements on the development of science fiction themes.
Environmentalism and ecocriticism in science fiction and fantasy narratives.
The role of the hero’s journey in modern fantasy literature.
The portrayal of utopias and their transformation into dystopias.
The impact of post-apocalyptic settings on character development and moral choices.
The exploration of virtual reality in science fiction and its implications for the future of society.
The representation of alien cultures in science fiction and the critique of human ethnocentrism.
The use of mythology and folklore in building fantasy worlds.
The influence of cyberpunk culture on contemporary science fiction.
The depiction of time travel and its impact on narrative structure and theme.
The role of military science fiction in exploring warfare and peace.
The portrayal of religious themes in science fiction and fantasy.
The impact of fan fiction and its contributions to the science fiction and fantasy genres.
The exploration of psychological themes through science fiction and fantasy narratives.
The role of colonization in science fiction narratives.
The impact of science fiction and fantasy literature on technological innovation.
The depiction of societal collapse and reconstruction in speculative fiction.
The role of language and linguistics in science fiction, such as in creating alien languages.
The portrayal of non-human characters in fantasy literature and what they reveal about human nature.
The use of science fiction in exploring philosophical concepts such as identity and consciousness.
The representation of disabled characters in science fiction and fantasy.
The influence of historical events on the development of fantasy literature.
The critique of capitalism and corporate governance in dystopian science fiction.
The role of political allegory in science fiction during the Cold War.
The representation of indigenous peoples in fantasy settings.
The impact of climate change on the settings and themes of speculative fiction.
The exploration of bioethics and genetic modification in science fiction.
The impact of globalization as seen through science fiction narratives.
The role of women authors in shaping modern science fiction and fantasy.
The exploration of sentient machines and the definition of life in science fiction.
The use of archetypes in fantasy literature and their psychological implications.
The narrative strategies used to build suspense and mystery in fantasy series.
The influence of Eastern philosophies on Western science fiction.
The portrayal of family and community in post-apocalyptic environments.
The representation of the British Empire and colonialism in Victorian novels.
The impact of the Industrial Revolution on the social landscape in Victorian literature.
The depiction of gender roles and the domestic sphere in Victorian novels.
The influence of Darwinian thought on Victorian characters and themes.
The role of the Gothic tradition in Victorian literature.
The portrayal of morality and ethics in the works of Charles Dickens.
The exploration of class disparity and social mobility in Victorian fiction.
The depiction of urban life and its challenges in Victorian literature.
The role of realism in Victorian novels and its impact on literary form.
The representation of mental illness and psychology in Victorian fiction.
The critique of materialism and consumer culture in Victorian literature.
The portrayal of children and childhood in Victorian narratives.
The exploration of romanticism versus realism in Victorian poetry.
The depiction of religious doubt and spiritual crises in Victorian texts.
The role of women writers in the Victorian literary scene.
The portrayal of the “New Woman” in late Victorian literature.
The exploration of scientific progress and its ethical implications in Victorian works.
The depiction of crime and punishment in Victorian detective fiction.
The influence of aestheticism and decadence in late Victorian literature.
The representation of imperial anxieties and racial theories in Victorian novels.
The role of sensation novels in shaping Victorian popular culture.
The portrayal of marriage and its discontents in Victorian literature.
The depiction of rural life versus urbanization in Victorian narratives.
The exploration of philanthropy and social reform in Victorian texts.
The role of the supernatural and the occult in Victorian fiction.
The portrayal of art and artists in Victorian literature.
The representation of travel and exploration in Victorian novels.
The depiction of the aristocracy and their decline in Victorian literature.
The influence of newspapers and media on Victorian literary culture.
The role of patriotism and national identity in Victorian writings.
The exploration of the Victorian underworld in literature.
The depiction of legal and judicial systems in Victorian fiction.
The portrayal of addiction and vice in Victorian texts.
The role of foreign settings in Victorian novels.
The depiction of technological advancements in transportation in Victorian literature.
The influence of French and Russian literary movements on Victorian authors.
The role of epistolary form in Victorian novels.
The portrayal of altruism and self-sacrifice in Victorian narratives.
The depiction of servants and their roles in Victorian households.
The exploration of colonial and postcolonial readings of Victorian texts.
The role of translation in shaping the global reception of classic literary works.
The impact of globalization on the development of contemporary world literature.
Comparative analysis of national myths in literature across different cultures.
The influence of postcolonial theory on the interpretation of world literature.
The depiction of cross-cultural encounters and their implications in world novels.
The role of exile and migration in shaping the themes of world literature.
The representation of indigenous narratives in the global literary marketplace.
The portrayal of urbanization in world literature and its impact on societal norms.
The exploration of feminist themes across different cultural contexts in literature.
The depiction of historical trauma and memory in literature from post-conflict societies.
The role of magical realism in expressing political and social realities in Latin American literature.
The exploration of identity and hybridity in diaspora literature from around the world.
The impact of censorship and political repression on literary production in authoritarian regimes.
Comparative study of the Gothic tradition in European and Latin American literature.
The influence of religious texts on narrative structures and themes in world literature.
The role of nature and the environment in shaping narrative forms in world literature.
The exploration of time and memory in post-Soviet literature.
The portrayal of love and marriage across different cultural contexts in world novels.
The impact of technological changes on narrative forms and themes in world literature.
The exploration of human rights issues through world literature.
The depiction of war and peace in Middle Eastern literature.
Comparative analysis of the tragic hero in Greek tragedy and Japanese Noh theater.
The role of traditional folk stories in contemporary world literature.
The influence of African oral traditions on modern African literature.
The exploration of social justice and activism in world literature.
The portrayal of children and childhood in world literature.
The depiction of the supernatural and the uncanny in world literary traditions.
The impact of colonial histories on contemporary literature in former colonies.
The exploration of gender and sexuality in Scandinavian literature.
The portrayal of disability and mental health in world literature.
The role of food and cuisine in cultural identity as depicted in world literature.
Comparative study of poetry from the Middle Eastern and Western traditions.
The exploration of death and the afterlife in world religious texts and their literary influences.
The portrayal of the artist and the creative process in world literature.
The impact of economic crises on characters and plot development in world novels.
The exploration of architectural spaces and their symbolism in world literature.
The role of multilingualism and code-switching in narrative development in world literature.
The depiction of aging and intergenerational relationships in world novels.
The influence of classical Chinese literature on East Asian modern narratives.
The role of the sea and maritime culture in world literary traditions.
The portrayal of identity and self-discovery in YA literature.
The representation of mental health issues in YA novels.
The evolution of the coming-of-age narrative in modern YA fiction.
The role of dystopian settings in YA literature as metaphors for adolescent struggles.
The depiction of family dynamics and their impact on young protagonists.
The treatment of romance and relationships in YA fiction.
The exploration of LGBTQ+ themes and characters in YA literature.
The impact of social media and technology on character development in YA novels.
The portrayal of bullying and social exclusion in YA fiction.
The representation of racial and cultural diversity in YA literature.
The use of fantasy and supernatural elements to explore real-world issues in YA fiction.
The role of friendship in character development and plot progression in YA novels.
The depiction of resilience and personal growth in YA protagonists.
The influence of YA literature on young readers’ attitudes towards social issues.
The portrayal of disability and inclusivity in YA narratives.
The role of sports and extracurricular activities in shaping YA characters.
The exploration of historical events through YA historical fiction.
The impact of war and conflict on young characters in YA literature.
The depiction of academic pressure and its consequences in YA novels.
The portrayal of artistic expression as a form of coping and identity in YA literature.
The use of alternate realities and time travel in YA fiction to explore complex themes.
The role of villainy and moral ambiguity in YA narratives.
The exploration of environmental and ecological issues in YA literature.
The portrayal of heroism and leadership in YA novels.
The impact of grief and loss on YA characters and their journey.
The depiction of addiction and recovery narratives in YA literature.
The portrayal of economic disparities and their effects on young characters.
The representation of non-traditional family structures in YA novels.
The exploration of self-empowerment and activism in YA literature.
The depiction of crime and justice in YA mystery and thriller genres.
The role of mythology and folklore in crafting YA fantasy narratives.
The portrayal of exile and migration in YA fiction.
The impact of YA literature in promoting literacy and reading habits among teens.
The exploration of gender roles and expectations in YA novels.
The depiction of peer pressure and its influence on YA characters.
The portrayal of escapism and adventure in YA fiction.
The role of magical realism in conveying psychological and emotional truths in YA literature.
The exploration of ethical dilemmas and moral choices in YA narratives.
The depiction of the future and speculative technology in YA science fiction.
The portrayal of societal norms and rebellion in YA dystopian novels.

We hope this comprehensive list of literature thesis topics empowers you to narrow down your choices and sparks your curiosity in a specific area of literary studies. With 1000 unique topics spread across 25 categories, from traditional to emerging fields, there is something here for every literary scholar. The diversity of topics not only reflects the dynamic nature of literature but also encompasses a range of perspectives and cultural backgrounds, ensuring that every student can find a topic that resonates deeply with their scholarly interests and personal passions. Utilize this resource to embark on a thought-provoking and intellectually rewarding thesis writing journey.

Literature and Thesis Topic Potential

Literature encompasses a vast and vibrant spectrum of themes and narrative techniques that mirror, critique, and reshape the complex world we live in. For students embarking on the challenging yet rewarding journey of thesis writing, delving into the multitude of literature thesis topics can unlock profound insights and present significant scholarly opportunities. This exploration is not merely an academic exercise; it is a deep dive into the human experience, offering a unique lens through which to view history, culture, and society. Engaging with literature in this way not only enhances one’s understanding of various literary genres and historical periods but also sharpens analytical, critical, and creative thinking skills.

Current Issues in Literature

One prevailing issue in contemporary literary studies is the exploration of identity and representation within literature. This includes examining how narratives portray race, gender, sexuality, and disability. The rise of identity politics has encouraged a reevaluation of canonical texts and a push to broaden the literary canon to include more diverse voices. Such studies challenge traditional narratives and open up discussions on power dynamics within literature.

Another significant issue is the impact of digital technology on literature. The digital age has introduced new forms of literature, such as hypertext fiction and digital poetry, which utilize the interactive capabilities of digital devices to create multifaceted narratives. This shift has led to new interpretations of authorship and readership, as the boundaries between the two blur in interactive media. Thesis topics might explore how these technological innovations have transformed narrative structures and themes or how they affect the psychological engagement of the reader.

Environmental literature has also emerged as a poignant area of study, especially in the context of growing global concerns about climate change and sustainability. This trend in literature reflects an urgent need to address the relationship between humanity and the natural world. Theses in this area could examine narratives that focus on ecological disasters, the anthropocene, or the role of non-human actors in literature, providing new insights into environmental ethics and awareness.

Recent Trends in Literature

The recent trend towards blending genres within literature has led to innovative narrative forms that defy conventional genre classifications. Works that fuse elements of science fiction, fantasy, and historical fiction challenge readers to engage with literature in new and complex ways. These hybrid genres often address contemporary issues through the lens of speculative or fantastical settings, offering fresh perspectives on familiar problems. Thesis topics in this area could explore how these blended genres comment on societal issues or how they represent historical narratives through a fantastical lens.

Another noteworthy trend is the increasing prominence of autobiographical and memoir writing, which highlights personal narratives and individual experiences. This shift towards personal storytelling reflects a broader societal interest in authentic and individualized narratives, often exploring themes of identity, trauma, and resilience. Students could develop thesis topics that analyze how these works serve as both personal catharsis and a social commentary, or how they use narrative techniques to blur the lines between fiction and non-fiction.

Global literature, written in or translated into English, has expanded the geographical boundaries of literary analysis and introduced a plethora of voices and stories from around the world. This trend not only diversifies the range of literary works available but also introduces new themes and narrative strategies influenced by different cultural backgrounds. Thesis research could investigate how global literature addresses universal themes through culturally specific contexts, or how it challenges Western literary paradigms.

Future Directions in Literature

As literature continues to evolve, one of the exciting future directions is the potential integration of literary studies with emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning. These technologies could lead to new forms of literary creation and analysis, where AI-generated literature becomes a field of study, or where machine learning is used to uncover patterns in large volumes of text. Thesis topics might explore the ethical implications of AI in literature, the authenticity of AI-authored texts, or how AI can be used to interpret complex literary theories.

Another future direction is the increasing intersection between literature and other disciplines such as neuroscience, psychology, and anthropology. This interdisciplinary approach can deepen understanding of how literature affects the human brain, influences behavior, or reflects cultural evolution. Students could develop theses that examine the neurocognitive impacts of reading fiction, or how literary studies can contribute to our understanding of human culture and societal development.

Finally, the role of literature in addressing and influencing social and political issues is likely to increase. As global challenges like migration, inequality, and climate change persist, literature that addresses these issues not only provides commentary but also raises awareness and fosters empathy. Future thesis topics could focus on how literature serves as a tool for social justice, how it influences public policy, or how it helps shape collective memory and identity in times of crisis.

The exploration of literature thesis topics offers students a panorama of possibilities for deep academic inquiry and personal growth. By engaging deeply with literature, students not only fulfill their academic objectives but also gain insights that transcend scholarly pursuits. This exploration enriches personal perspectives and fosters a profound appreciation for the power of words and stories. The pursuit of literature thesis topics is thus not merely academic—it is a journey into the heart of human experience, offering endless opportunities for discovery and impact.

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15 Things You Can Do With ChatGPT

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What is chatgpt.

Quickly Write a Customized Resume and Cover Letter
Create Original Jokes and Memes
Explain Complex Topics
Solve Tricky Math Problems Step-by-Step
Write Music In Almost Any Genre
Write, Debug, and Explain Code
Create, Edit, and Modify Media Files
Decide What to Watch Next
Get Cooking Help
Improve Your Health
Translate and Learn In Multiple Languages
Prepare for a Job Interview
Write Essays on Almost Any Topic
A Chat Companion

Key Takeaways

ChatGPT is a versatile tool that can help with tasks like writing customized resumes & cover letters.
The AI can generate original jokes and memes, as well as explain complex topics in an easy-to-understand manner.
ChatGPT can assist with mathematics, music composition, coding, media file manipulation, and health improvement.

Artificial intelligence tools have seen a meteoric rise within the last few years. We've been wowed by AI writing tools, AI image generators, and even AI self-portraits. Since its launch in November 2022, ChatGPT has gotten a lot of attention for its numerous uses. To help you leverage this tool, here are 15 ways you can also use ChatGPT.

If you've somehow missed the whole ChatGPT buzz, or you're not exactly sure what it's all about, let's help you get up to speed. ChatGPT is a conversational artificial intelligence chatbot that can answer just about any question you throw at it.

You can think of it as a supercharged Google Search. Rather than just providing links or snippets, ChatGPT generates thoughtful, conversational responses to queries. It synthesizes information from diverse sources into cohesive answers on nearly any topic, similar to how a knowledgeable human would respond.

While not infallible, ChatGPT demonstrates an impressive ability to understand natural language questions and offers nuanced explanations in a lot of fields.

ChatGPT is more than just hype—it has practical uses. Here are some cool day-to-day uses for ChatGPT you can try right now.

1. Quickly Write a Customized Resume and Cover Letter

If you're currently job-hunting, one of the most tiring parts of the job application process is writing a personalized resume and cover letter for every job you apply for. You need custom-made copies for each job to increase your chances of getting hired. ChatGPT can help you create a customized resume or craft professional cover letters in minutes.

We asked ChatGPT to write a resume for a content marketing role at a fictional SaaS company, and it was near perfect.

We also prompted it to prepare a cover letter for the same role, and the first result wasn't bad.

Notice how detail-rich and well-formatted the resume and cover letter are? How did I do it? I pasted my LinkedIn profile details, and then asked ChatGPT to write a resume for the target role "using LaTex." I copied the result, pasted it in a free latex editor like Overleaf , and compiled it.

2. Create Original Jokes and Memes

What's life without a bit of fun? Whether you're looking for a good laugh or to create some hilarious jokes to impress your friends, ChatGPT can come in handy. Sure, AI chatbots aren't exactly known to be great comedians, but ChatGPT shows some potential. We asked ChatGPT to tell us a joke about Apple and foldable smartphones; we'll let you judge the results:

ChatGPT can also create images, so you can also play around with meme ideas. Here's one to try: Ask ChatGPT to create a meme about the grind of 9-to-5 jobs.

3. Explain Complex Topics

Sometimes, simply Googling a topic doesn't give you a clear understanding. Think of topics like wormholes, dark matter, and all those head-spinning theories. Or maybe it's a weird sport you don't understand.

ChatGPT could be useful in explaining them in layperson terms. We prompted ChatGPT to "Explain wormholes like I'm 5," and here's the result:

We also prompted it to explain the internet similarly. It wasn't too bad, either.

ChatGPT Explaining the internet like I'm 5

4. Solve Tricky Math Problems Step-by-Step

Whether you're looking to tackle complex algebra problems or simple math problems that are too tricky to piece together, ChatGPT is particularly strong at handling math. You'll need to present your problems clearly and concisely for the best results. We prompted ChatGPT to answer a tricky math problem, and here's the result:

5. Write Music In Almost Any Genre

One of the most exciting things you can do with ChatGPT is writing a song. It might sound like a bad idea at first, but it's really a fun thing to try. The results can be amazing when you get the prompts right. The key to getting the best result is to provide as many details as possible about how you want the song to be. Need a mix of English and some Spanish with a touch of Afrobeat style? Just say it.

If you really want to find out how good your lyrics would sound in an actual song, you'll need to head over to a tool like Suno.ai to turn the lyrics into music. Just paste the lyrics into the tool, make some tweaks and listen to what ChatGPT could make.

6. Write, Debug, and Explain Code

Whether you're an experienced programmer or a newbie, you're bound to run into a few bugs in your code from time to time. ChatGPT can help you narrow down the problem within your code, saving you hours looking for a misplaced comma. You can also write entire blocks of functional code snippets from scratch or analyze existing code bases to figure out the best ways to use them. There are endless ways you can use ChatGPT in programming .

We prompted ChatGPT to write a simple to-do list app using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and here's the result:

We also got the AI chatbot to write us a simple Tetris game, snake game, pong game, and even code a complete chat web app from scratch . ChatGPT is a very useful programming tool.

7. Create, Edit, and Modify Media Files

With ChatGPT, you can create, edit, modify, and read from a wide range of media files. The feature which is available on the ChatGPT Plus plan provides an interface to programmatically create images, modify videos, adjust audio tracks, and retrieve crucial metadata from media files with ease and precision.

To learn more about manipulating media files with ChatGPT, read our guide on how to use the ChatGPT Code Interpreter feature .

8. Decide What to Watch Next

ChatGPT is one of the most powerful movie recommendation tools on the internet if you know how to use it. While there are dozens of powerful movie recommendation tools you can get your hands on, ChatGPT stands out because of the accuracy and precision you get from simply describing the kind of movies you want using simple natural language prompts.

We asked ChatGPT to give us some movies that are similar to "The Walking Dead" and here's the result:

Similar tv shows recommendation from ChatGPT

Not sure how to use ChatGPT as a movie recommendation tool? We've previously put together a detailed guide on how to use ChatGPT to decide what to watch next .

9. Play Games

Looking for a fun activity? ChatGPT has some creative game ideas to try with friends or by yourself. You could play classic games like tic-tac-toe or trivia with new twists that ChatGPT can suggest to make it more engaging. Whether you want a competitive game against ChatGPT or a cooperative game you can all play together, ChatGPT can provide unique game suggestions tailored to what you're looking for.

So if you're bored and want to try something new, ask ChatGPT to invent a fun, customized game—it's a great way to liven up your day! Not sure which games you can play with ChatGPT? Here are some interesting games you can play with ChatGPT right now .

10. Get Cooking Help

A robot help in the kitchen? ChatGPT and cooking seem like a weird combination, but it works excellently if you know the right prompts to use. You can use ChatGPT to explore new recipes, prepare shopping lists, brainstorm new flavor combinations, learn new cooking tips, or explore healthier ways to cook popular meals .

Fancy testing ChatGPT's culinary skills? Here are some interesting ways you can use ChatGPT as a cooking assistant .

11. Improve Your Health

With its vast wealth of health information, you can leverage ChatGPT to improve your health in several ways. It can help you create personalized workout and meal plans tailored to your unique needs.

You can also use it to develop healthy habits like sleep routines and mindfulness practices or even use it as a medical symptom checker. Although ChatGPT has its limitations in the field of health, it is still an immensely useful tool you can utilize to improve your health. We've put together a guide on how to use ChatGPT to improve your health .

12. Translate and Learn In Multiple Languages

ChatGPT is a great tool to have around if you need to work in multiple languages. It is fluent in dozens of languages. If you're a content creator who would love to reach a wider audience, ChatGPT could be incredibly useful for creating content in multiple languages.

Sure, there's Google Translate, but writing in one language and translating to the other means context and language-specific tones could be lost. When we compared ChatGPT to Google Translate in translation tasks, ChatGPT was noticeably better in several metrics.

With ChatGPT's latest voice mode, the tool has become even significantly more powerful for those trying to learn a new language or communicate with someone that speaks a different one.

13. Prepare for a Job Interview

With its wealth of knowledge across several fields, ChatGPT is one of the best AI tools to help you prepare for a job interview. With a few intelligent prompts, ChatGPT can help you get your dream job . You can use it to generate hypothetical scenarios in a job interview, possible questions, intelligent replies to possible questions, and many other useful interview prep tips.

We created a hypothetical situation during an interview and asked ChatGPT for help. Here's the result:

14. Write Essays on Almost Any Topic

While we strongly advise you to write your essays yourself, ChatGPT can compose amazing essays on a wide range of topics, even the most complex. If the tone of the resulting write-up doesn't suit your test, you can teach ChatGPT how to write like you so you can get the chatbot to replicate your writing style.

15. A Chat Companion

When all is said and done, ChatGPT is an AI chatbot. Despite its almost endless use cases, ChatGPT is a very accommodating companion when you need someone (or a robot) to talk to.

Despite ChatGPT's impressive capabilities, the AI chatbot is not infallible. Consequently, exercising caution with ChatGPT's information is highly advised. Always strive to verify any critical data from ChatGPT before applying it, especially for important health or financial choices. While ChatGPT is a game-changing tool, it is still a work in progress, and human oversight remains essential.

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How to Write an Introduction Paragraph: Examples and Guide

There are times when an introduction predicts what your entire essay will say—it’s essentially a reflection. If done successfully, it grabs the reader’s attention and entices them to read further into the essay. As a writer, I know the importance of a strong and engaging introduction, and with practice, I have excelled in the art of writing a good intro. Here’s how you can write a compelling introduction with examples.

The Purpose of the Introduction Paragraph

A good introduction serves as a roadmap for your essay, setting the stage for what is to come. Its primary purpose is to grab the reader’s attention, provide necessary background information, and clearly state the main argument or thesis of the essay. By doing so, it helps the reader transition from their own world into the context of your analysis, making them interested in reading further. A well-written introduction also outlines the structure of the essay, ensuring that the reader knows what to expect in the body paragraphs. This initial section is crucial for making a strong first impression, establishing the tone, and demonstrating the quality and direction of your work. A good introduction paragraph should be able to:

Engage the Reader: Capture interest with an intriguing opening sentence or a compelling story.

Provide Context: Offer background information needed to understand the topic.

State the Thesis: Clearly present your main argument or thesis statement.

Outline the Structure: Briefly mention the main points or sections covered in the essay.

Establish Relevance: Explain why the topic is important and worth discussing.

Set the Tone: Establish the style and tone of your writing.

Write an Introduction Paragraph

An introduction paragraph sets the tone for your entire essay, shaping your reader's expectations and mood. It's like the gateway to your ideas - a good one hooks the reader, compelling them to continue, while a weak introduction might make them lose interest before they've even begun. That's why learning how to start an introduction paragraph for an essay is crucial for students and writers alike.

With tools like WPS Office at your fingertips, you're not just getting a word processor, but an AI assistant to guide you through the entire journey of crafting that perfect opening. In fact, I'll be using WPS Office for this tutorial to demonstrate its features. So, let's dive in and explore how to write an essay introduction step by step:

The hook is the opening sentence or a few sentences of an essay designed to grab the reader's attention and entice them to keep reading. It serves to engage the reader by presenting something intriguing, surprising, or relevant to the essay's topic.

The main purpose of the hook is to spark the reader's interest and make them want to read more. It's the first impression the reader gets, so it needs to be compelling and relevant to the essay's subject.

1.Start with a Surprising Fact or Statistic: Begin with an interesting or shocking fact that relates to your topic. This immediately grabs the reader's attention.

Bad Example: "Drunk driving is a serious issue."

Good Example: "Every year, over 1.25 million people die in car accidents, many of which are caused by drunk driving."

2.Use a Quote: Introduce your essay with a relevant quote that encapsulates your main point.

Bad Example: "Drunk driving is defined as driving while impaired by alcohol."

Good Example: “At eighteen, Michelle had a lifetime of promise in front of her. Attending college on a track scholarship, she was earning good grades and making lots of friends. Then one night her life was forever altered…”

3.Pose a Rhetorical Question: Ask a question that provokes thought and engages the reader.

Bad Example: "Have you ever driven a car?"

Good Example: "What if every time you got behind the wheel, you risked not only your life but the lives of others?"

4.Tell an Anecdote or Story: Share a brief, compelling story that relates to your topic.

Bad Example: "I once heard a story about a drunk driver."

Good Example: "At eighteen, Michelle had a lifetime of promise in front of her. Attending college on a track scholarship, she was earning good grades and making lots of friends. Then one night her life was forever altered..."

If you need ideas to help you improve on the hook for your introduction, consider providing WPS AI with a prompt such as:

"Write an introduction on the topic 'Risks of Driving Intoxicated' and provide four individual hooks: one with a surprising fact, one using a quote, one with rhetorical questions, and one through telling an anecdote."

WPS AI will produce a catchy hook statement that you can use for your introduction, such as:

Background Information

Background information provides the reader with the necessary context to understand the essay's topic. This may include historical, geographical, or social context, definitions of key terms, or an outline of the debate surrounding the topic.

The background helps to bridge the gap between the hook and the thesis statement. It gives the reader the context they need to understand the main argument of the essay and why it's important.

1.Provide Context: Explain the broader context of your topic to show its significance.

Bad Example: "Drunk driving is bad."

Good Example: "Michelle's story is not isolated. Each year, over 1.25 million people die in car accidents, many of which are caused by drunk driving."

2.Introduce Key Terms and Concepts: Define any terms or concepts that are crucial to understanding your thesis.

Bad Example: "Drunk driving is when you drink alcohol and drive."

Good Example: "Drunk driving, legally defined as operating a vehicle with a blood alcohol content (BAC) of 0.08% or higher, is a preventable cause of many fatalities."

3.Set Up the Problem: Briefly discuss the scope of the issue or debate you will be addressing.

Bad Example: "People drive drunk sometimes."

Good Example: "Despite strict laws, drunk driving continues to be a significant problem worldwide, leading to devastating consequences for victims and their families."

To give an effective and detailed background information in your introduction consider proving WPS AI with a prompt like this:

“This serves as the background to my introduction: 'People frequently choose to drive under the influence of alcohol.' Please enhance it to address the problem and discuss its scope."

WPS AI will produce a detailed background passage for your introduction, give as:

Thesis Statement

The thesis statement is a concise summary of the main point or claim of the essay. It usually appears at the end of the introduction and states the essay's central argument or position.

The thesis statement guides the direction of the essay by informing the reader what the essay will argue or discuss. It sets the tone and focus of the entire paper.

1.Be Clear and Specific: Clearly state your main point and how you will support it.

Bad Example: "This essay will talk about drunk driving."

Good Example: "Drunk driving laws need to include stricter penalties for those convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol to reduce accidents and save lives."

2.Make an Argument: Present a claim that requires evidence and can be debated.

Bad Example: "Drunk driving is bad and should be stopped."

Good Example: "Implementing harsher penalties for drunk driving will deter offenders and significantly decrease the number of alcohol-related accidents."

3.Outline Your Main Points: Indicate the main points you will cover in your essay to support your thesis.

Bad Example: "I will discuss the problems with drunk driving."

Good Example: "Stricter penalties are necessary because they act as a deterrent, they can prevent repeat offenses, and they provide justice for victims."

You can take help from WPS AI to extract the thesis statement of your essay using the WPS AI chat box.

Step 1: Click on the WPS AI widget at the top corner of the WPS Writer interface.

Step 2: The WPS AI pane will open on the right side of the screen. Type in your prompt to extract the thesis statement of your essay and then paste the essay.

Here is a prompt example that you can use:

"Extract the thesis statement from the following essay:"

Step 3: WPS AI will provide the thesis statement. To refine it further, engage with the WPS AI chatbot by asking more questions or queries.

The summary or road map briefly outlines how the essay will be structured. It provides a preview of the main points that will be covered, giving the reader a sense of the direction of the argument.

1.Summarize Main Points: Briefly mention the key arguments or points you will discuss in your essay.

Bad Example: "I will talk about drunk driving laws, penalties, and justice."

Good Example: "This essay will first examine the current state of drunk driving laws, then explore the impact of stricter penalties on reducing incidents, and finally discuss how these penalties can bring justice to victims."

2.Be Concise: Keep it short and to the point, providing a clear outline without going into too much detail.

Bad Example: "I will write about drunk driving and why it is bad."

Good Example: "By examining the effectiveness of current laws, the potential benefits of stricter penalties, and the importance of justice for victims, this essay argues that harsher punishments for drunk driving are essential."

“Write a concise summary for the introduction of an essay on the topic "Risks of Driving Intoxicated." The summary should briefly mention the key points that will be covered in the essay, without going into too much detail."

The summary should briefly outline the main points covered in the essay, emphasizing the societal impact, legal ramifications, and personal consequences of driving under the influence. Ensure clarity and coherence, setting the stage for a comprehensive exploration of the topic in the subsequent sections.

Examples of Different Essays

Essays come in various forms, each serving a unique purpose and following specific structures. Understanding these different types can help you write an essay introduction more effectively. Let's explore three common types of essays: Argumentative, Expository, and Literary. Each example below demonstrates the key elements of its respective essay type, including the hook, background information, and thesis statement.

Argumentary

An argumentative essay aims to present a position on a topic and support it with evidence.

An expository essay explains a topic in a clear and concise manner without arguing a specific position.

A literary essay analyzes and interprets a work of literature, focusing on elements such as theme, character, or style.

Example #1 Medicine

Example #2 literature, example #3 social sciences, example #4 engineering, example #5 business & marketing, using wps ai to perfect your introduction.

With WPS Office, you have access to a comprehensive suite of tools designed to support your academic writing needs. Its AI-powered features enhance your writing process, from initial drafting to final proofreading. Specifically, WPS Office AI will help perfect your introduction, ensuring it captures attention and sets the stage for your paper. Plus, WPS Office is available for free, making it an accessible and indispensable resource for students and academics alike.

1.Check the Grammar and Syntax

Your introduction sets the tone for your entire essay, so it's crucial that it's grammatically correct and free from syntax errors. WPS AI careful checks for any grammatical mistakes and syntax issues, ensuring that your introduction is polished and professional. It provides suggestions for corrections, helping you present a clear and error-free first impression.

2.Rewrite Your Statement for Clarity

WPS AI can improve the clarity and coherence of your introduction by rewriting complex or awkwardly phrased sentences. It identifies areas where your writing may be ambiguous or convoluted and offers alternative phrasing that enhances readability. This feature ensures that your introduction is clear, concise, and compelling.

3.Automatically Expand Content

When you need to elaborate on a point or expand your introduction, WPS AI can automatically generate additional content. This feature helps you add relevant information that aligns with your essay's theme and tone. It’s particularly useful for developing a strong hook, providing context, or setting up your thesis statement.

4.Give an Outline for Your Paper

Writing a strong introduction often involves giving your readers a brief outline of what to expect in your essay. WPS AI can assist in structuring your introduction to include a concise overview of your main points, providing a roadmap for your readers. This feature ensures that your introduction effectively sets the stage for the rest of your essay. Here is an example of an outline generated using WPS AI Writer for an essay:

If you find this outline suitable for your essay, simply scroll down and click on "Insert" to use the outline for your essay.

1. What is the structure of an essay?

An essay is divided into three main parts:

Introduction: This section introduces the topic and presents the main idea (thesis). It provides some background information and outlines what the essay will discuss.

Body: The body forms the essay's core, where you develop arguments to support your thesis. It is organized into several paragraphs, each presenting a distinct point backed by evidence.

Conclusion: The conclusion summarizes the main points covered in the essay and strengthens the thesis statement. It wraps up the discussion and may offer final insights or suggestions.

2. Why do I need a thesis statement?

A thesis statement plays a crucial role in academic essays and research papers by presenting the central argument or idea to be explored and developed. Here are several key reasons why a thesis statement is essential:

It provides clear direction and focus for your writing.

It summarizes your main argument for the reader.

It maintains clarity and coherence throughout the essay.

It serves as the foundational basis for structuring the entire essay.

3. How long should the introduction paragraph be?

The introduction paragraph for a research paper typically spans one to two paragraphs. As a general rule, the entire introduction section—which includes the opening paragraph, literature review, and research questions—should constitute approximately 10% to 15% of the paper's total length. This structure allows for a comprehensive yet concise setup of your research topic, providing readers with the necessary context before delving into the main body of your work.

Beyond the Hook: Building a Strong Introduction Paragraph

Writing an introduction is perhaps the most thought-provoking and critical task in crafting any assignment. With the myriad features offered by WPS Office, you can effortlessly create a phenomenal essay introduction. WPS AI enhances this process with tools that ensure clarity, coherence, and creativity. Whether it's organizing your thoughts or refining your language, WPS Office empowers you to craft introductions that captivate readers from the start. Download WPS Office today and experience firsthand how it transforms your writing process into a seamless and impactful journey.

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DEVELOPMENT OF AN INKJET PRINTER AND A NOVEL DESIGN FOR APERIODIC CLUSTERED-DOT HALFTONE

Nowadays, inkjet printers are widely used all around the world. But how do they transfer the digital image to a map that can control nozzle firing? In this preliminary report, we briefly illustrate that part of the printing pipeline that starts from a halftone image and ends with Hardware Ready Bits (HRBs). We also describe the implementation of the multi-pass printing method with a designed print mask. HRBs are used to read an input halftone CMY image and output a binary map of each color to decide whether or not to eject the corresponding coloranr drop at each pixel position. In general, for an inkjet printer, each row of the image corresponds to one specific nozzle in each swath so that each swath will be the height of the printhead \cite{torpey1997multipass}. To avoid visible white streaks due to clogged or burned out color nozzles, the method called multi-pass printing is implemented. Subsequently, the print mask is introduced so that we can decide during which pass each pixel should be printed. Once we figure out how to transfer the digital image to our printing signals. We start to think about improving the color performance for the inkjet printer. In one of our previous papers \cite{wang2020developing}, we described the color management pipeline that was applied to our nail inkjet printer, which is used to map the source gamut to the destination printer gamut. However, the resulting prints are not as vivid as we would like to have, since those prints are not well saturated. To obtain more saturated prints, we propose a saturation enhancement method based on image segmentation and hue angle. This method will not necessarily give us the closest representation of the colors within the input image but could give us more saturated prints. The main idea of our saturation enhancement method is to keep the lightness and hue constant, while stretching the chroma component.

In one of our previous papers \cite{hu2021improving}, we mostly focused on the color saturation problem in our inkjet printer. However, our partner reported that there are some boundary noise pixels on the background, which are quite visible when the background is white. By checking the pipeline of our printing procedure, we realized that the noise stray dots are generated during the halftoning procedure. This part of the dissertation is dedicated to separating the white background from the foreground, which enables us to constrain the error diffusion process inside the white background. The main idea is to apply image segmentation, which could help us to precisely extract the background.

Lastly, inspired by the paper \cite{smith2023chiral}, we decided to design an aperiodic clustered-dot screen, which may have better performance compared to the current DBS screen. This screen generation method is offline, so the time cost is not our main consideration. The output halftone result is what we concentrate on. This screen is generated based on a polygon shape, which is called tile(1,1) defined by the paper \cite{smith2023chiral}. We keep extending this single polygon shape to obtain the combination aperiodic shape that is called a supertile. After obtaining the final supertile, we assigned each tile(1,1) shape to either a dot or a hole based on the complementary symmetry property. Finally, based on some interpolation methods, we generate the threshold matrix.

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The Best AI Tools for Students & Researchers in 2024 (Top Recommendations)

Best AI Tools for Students and Researchers in 2024

There is no doubt that AI tools have not only made writing easier but have also helped many students and researchers improve the quality of their work. However, finding a good tool might be difficult, especially with the recent increase in AI tools online.

In this blog, we have mentioned a few incredible AI writing tools that have proven to be helpful not only with writing and research but also with other factors. These factors include citation generation, grammar checking, image generation, etc.

Let's have a look!

Interesting Topic Selection to Get Started

Choosing a good topic is important for writing engaging academic work. Many students struggle with finding ideas that match their interests or assignment requirements.

AI tools use advanced technology to suggest topics and refine ideas based on what students need. Here are some suggested tools to help you generate ideas:

ChatGPT - Get Ideas for Your Research

ChatGPT uses smart technology to have conversations and suggest interesting topics. It helps students overcome writer's block by offering different perspectives and ideas that fit their assignments.

EssayService.ai - Generate Research Specific Topics

EssayService.ai helps students by generating essay topics based on what students need. It analyzes prompts and suggests topics that are relevant and interesting, helping students start their essays with clarity.

Generate Content to Overcome Writer's Block

It is not uncommon for students to face writer's block from time to time. AI can boost creativity by suggesting new ideas and ways to write. This can make writing more interesting and help explore new ideas.

Take a look at these AI tools that can help students write creatively:

MyEssayWriter.ai - Helps You Write Clear Essays Since 2021

MyEssayWriter.ai assists students in writing essays by generating ideas and improving the clarity of their writing. It helps structure essays so they are easier to read and understand. This essay writer also helps with organizing thoughts and making sure the writing flows well.

CollegeEssay.org's AI Essay Writer - Expert College-Level Essays

CollegeEssay.org's AI Essay Writer specializes in writing college-level essays on various subjects. This essay maker helps students create well-written essays that follow academic guidelines. This tool also ensures sources are cited correctly and helps students develop their ideas effectively.

MyPerfectWord.com's EssayBot - Comprehensive Essay Assistance

MyPerfectWord.com's EssayBot covers a wide range of essay topics and assists with essay structure and originality. This essay writer tool helps students brainstorm ideas, organize their writing logically, and ensure their essays are unique and well-structured. This tool is useful for improving writing skills across different subjects.

MyPerfectPaper.net's AI Essay Writer - Original, Plagiarism-Free Essays

MyPerfectPaper.net's AI Essay Writer generates essays that are original and free from plagiarism. It conducts thorough research and ensures the essays meet academic rigor. This paper writer helps students produce high-quality essays that meet specific academic requirements.

Citation Generation: Keeping Your References in Order

When working on any academic assignment, it is important to cite the information. Using the right citations is important in academic writing to give credit to sources and avoid plagiarism.

However, with so many rules to follow, citing accurately might be a problem.

AI citation tools make this easier by automatically formatting references in different styles, saving time and ensuring accuracy.

Here are some of the suggested tools that might be helpful:

MyBib - Generate Citations Fast

MyBib is easy to use to generate citations in APA, MLA, Chicago, and other formats. Students can input details about their sources, and MyBib formats the citations correctly for their research papers.

PerfectEssayWriter.ai - Get Accurate Citations in 20+ Styles

PerfectEssayWriter.ai handles citations in over 20 styles, including APA and MLA. It helps students accurately cite sources from books, journals, and websites. This tool makes citing sources easier, so students can focus more on their writing and ensure their papers meet academic standards.

Writing and Editing Tools: Enhancing Clarity and Coherence

Clear and well-structured writing is important in academic work. Many students face challenges with grammar, style, and making their writing flow smoothly.

AI writing tools provide helpful support by checking grammar, suggesting improvements, and even rewriting sentences to make them clearer. Take a look at these tools to help you:

Grammarly - Improve the Content

Grammarly is a popular tool for checking grammar and improving writing style. It helps students correct mistakes in punctuation, spelling, and word choice, making their writing more polished and professional.

PerfectEssayWriter.ai - Enhancing Clarity and Quality

PerfectEssayWriter.ai offers advanced grammar checking and rewriting suggestions. It helps students improve sentence structure and clarity in their essays and research papers, ensuring their writing meets high academic standards. Moreover, its style and tone suggestion can also help students understand whether the tone is suitable or not.

Image Generation: Enhance Visuals & Presentations

Visuals play a key role in presenting complex ideas in academic work. AI tools for image generation empower students to create compelling visuals without needing design skills, enhancing the impact of their presentations.

Here are some of the best tools for image generation:

Leonardo - High Quality Images

Leonardo uses AI to create high-quality images from descriptions. It's useful for illustrating concepts and data trends in academic presentations, making ideas clearer and more engaging.

Canva - Let Your Creativity Flow

Canva is an easy-to-use tool with AI-powered design features. It offers templates for creating presentations, infographics, and posters, helping students create professional-looking visuals that enhance their academic projects.

Free to Use AI Tool for Students

The tools mentioned above all offer something great. However, they might not be a good fit for students on a budget. Though their prices are low, they still might not be feasible for students. Here is a free AI tool that can help with all of the functions mentioned above and perhaps more:

5StarEssays.com - AI Essay Writer - Budget-Friendly Option

5StarEssays.com - AI Essay Writer tool is free to use and helps with writing well-written drafts. This free AI essay writer is good for students who need help with their work but don't want to pay money. This tool helps students improve their writing and do well in school without needing to worry about money.

To Wrap it Up!

AI tools are changing how essays are written by making them faster, more creative, and better for students' needs. AI makes writing easier and helps students learn more about different things.

Using these AI tools can greatly improve productivity, research quality, and the overall presentation of academic work. Whether you're a student working on assignments or a researcher advancing in your field, these tools help with various tasks and ensure your work meets high academic standards.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the best ai text writer.

PerfectEssayWriter.ai is considered one of the best AI text writers. It creates customized drafts, generates citations, and checks grammar, ensuring your writing is clear and accurate. It's especially useful for students and professionals who need to produce high-quality drafts quickly and efficiently.

Which AI tool is the most advanced for writers?

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Presentation Master's thesis - Leonie Sindern - Clinical Psychology

Roeterseilandcampus, Building: , Street: Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-b, Room: GS.08

Maladaptive fear responses that are initially successfully extinguished with interventions like exposure therapy often return over time. Latent cause theory attributes individual differences in the return of fear (ROF) to whether exposure updated the original fear memory or created a competing safety memory. If a safety memory is created, reactivation of the fear memory at a later time can explain ROF. According to latent cause theory, whether memory updating occurs depends on whether individuals attribute the situations in which fear is learned and unlearned to the same latent cause. However, individual differences in latent cause inference are not directly observable which calls for the development of new measurement tools. Mathematical models can be used to emulate cognitive and behvioural processes which makes computational modeling a promising candidate. The goal of the current study was to test this by applying two models previously developed by Zika et al. (2023) to fear conditioning data. We used simulations to understand the models’ behaviours under this experimental paradigm, and adjust them to reflect predictions of latent cause theory. Next, we applied the models to our data and classified participants as single- and multiple-state learners. Lastly, this categorization was used to predict ROF, where we expected single-state learners to have less ROF than multiple-state learners. With our study we contribute to the effort of leveraging mathematical models to describe and measure latent cognitive processes, and test the applicability of results to a commonly used research paradigm in clinical research.

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UPSC Essays Simplified | How to write an Ethics essay for your exam?

'given the various national debates around upsc, it is likely that an essay on the ethical dimension will be asked this year', says ravi kapoor. what are the key themes and content ideas in essays with ethical dimensions let's learn through examples..

How to write essays for UPSC Civil Services Exams? We have an answer for you in the form of our new series.

In UPSC Essentials’ special series UPSC Essays Simplified , we take you through various steps of writing a good essay. While there is no set formula or fixed criteria prescribed, Manas Srivastava talks to Ravi Kapoor , our expert, in this new series who guides the aspirants with a simplified framework on how to write a good essay. Don’t miss ‘The Essay Exercise’ towards the end of the article.

About our Expert: Ravi Kapoor (Ex-IRS) offers free quality mentorship to UPSC aspirants, drawing upon his ten years of experience to create customised and productive curriculum. Through a free mentorship programme, he integrates tailored educational materials, psychological principles, visual learning techniques, and a strong emphasis on mental well-being into his teaching skills granting aspirants a chance to learn from his expertise.

From last 2 weeks, we have started to devote one article to each of the dimensions of essay topics and go into the details of the themes, so that you never run out of content while writing an essay on any topic. In past we have discussed spiritual essays and temporal Essays . Today, let’s talk about essays with Ethical dimensions .

Q. Why is it important to prepare Essays with Ethical dimensions for UPSC?

Given the importance of GS IV in Ethics the UPSC loves to include essay topics that incorporate elements of ethics, values, and morality in the Essay Paper. Moreover, given the various national debates about UPSC selection processes, it is likely that an essay on this dimension will be asked this year. Therefore it is important to cover everything you need to know about the Ethical dimension from the point of view of essay writing and give you content ideas along with a solved example and an assignment.

Q. What are the key themes and content ideas in UPSC essays with ethical dimensions?

1. The conflict between Ethical Values and Practical Realities:

Real integrity is doing the right thing, knowing that nobody’s going to know whether you did it or not (UPSC 2018)

Theme: This theme delves into the idea that true ethics and integrity are tested not in public but in private, where actions are guided by an internal moral compass rather than external recognition.

Content Ideas:

Discuss the role of integrity in public service, emphasising the importance of doing the right thing even when no one is watching. Use examples from Indian civil servants who have upheld ethical standards, such as E. Sreedharan, who is known for his work on the Delhi Metro. You can also highlight recent events in the news and their implications.

Analyse how the concept of integrity plays out in various professions, including journalism, law, and business, where ethical dilemmas often arise in the face of practical challenges.

Reflect on the Gandhian principle of “Satyagraha” (truth-force) as an example of moral integrity in action, where the pursuit of truth and justice was paramount, regardless of public acclaim or recognition.

2. The importance of Moral Values in Governance:

Need brings g reed, if greed increases it spoils breed (UPSC 2017)

Theme: This theme explores how unchecked greed can lead to corruption and moral decay, particularly in governance and public administration.

Discuss the impact of greed on governance, using examples of corruption scandals in India, such as the 2G spectrum case or the Commonwealth Games scam, where greed led to the betrayal of public trust.

Reflect on the role of ethical leadership in preventing corruption and ensuring good governance. Highlight leaders like Lal Bahadur Shastri, whose modesty and integrity are celebrated in Indian political history.

Analyse the measures taken by the Indian government to curb greed and corruption, such as the implementation of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, and the importance of promoting transparency and accountability in public life.

3. Ethics in Public Life:

The Best Way to Find Yourself is to Lose Yourself in the Service of Others (UPSC 2018)

Theme: This theme focuses on the ethical responsibility of individuals, particularly public servants, to dedicate themselves to the service of others, emphasizing selflessness and altruism.

Discuss the concept of “Seva” (service) in Indian culture, where public service is viewed as a moral duty, drawing on examples of Indian leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, who dedicated their lives to the service of the nation.

Explore the challenges faced by public servants in maintaining ethical standards while serving the public, especially in situations where personal and professional interests conflict.

Reflect on the significance of community service and social work in shaping ethical and moral values, using examples of NGOs and individuals in India who have made significant contributions to society, such as Kailash Satyarthi’s work against child labor.

4. The Role of Values in Decision Making:

Values are Not What Humanity Is, But What Humanity Ought to Be (UPSC 2019)

Theme: This theme invites exploration of the gap between existing human behaviour and the ideal values that should guide our decisions and actions.

Discuss how values such as justice, equality, and compassion should inform decision-making in public policy, using examples like India’s Right to Information Act (RTI), which embodies the value of transparency.

Analyse the role of values in judicial decisions, where judges must balance legal principles with ethical considerations, as seen in landmark cases like the decriminalization of Section 377 in India.

Reflect on the role of education in inculcating values in society, drawing on initiatives like the inclusion of ethics and moral science in school curricula to nurture future generations.

5. The Ethics of Technology

Technology as the Silent Factor in Ethical Decision-Making

Theme: This theme explores the ethical challenges posed by technological advancements and their impact on society.

Discuss the ethical implications of emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and genetic engineering, where decisions must balance innovation with moral considerations.

Reflect on the ethical concerns surrounding data privacy in the digital age, using examples like the Aadhaar debate in India, where technology’s role in governance raised significant ethical questions.

Analyze the role of ethical guidelines in technology development, emphasizing the need for regulations that ensure technology serves humanity’s best interests without compromising moral values.

6. Morality in Economic Decisions:

The Richness of India Lies in the Richness of Its Morals

Theme: This theme addresses the intersection of ethics and economics, exploring how moral considerations should guide economic policies and practices.

Discuss the ethical implications of economic policies, such as India’s approach to poverty alleviation programs like MNREGA, which aim to provide dignity through work.

Reflect on the ethical challenges in balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability, using examples like the Chipko Movement or the Narmada Bachao Andolan, where moral values inspired resistance against environmentally harmful projects.

Analyse the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in promoting ethical business practices, using examples from Indian companies that have made significant contributions to social welfare.

Q. How to structure Ethical dimensional essays of UPSC CSE?

Structuring the Essay

To effectively address these themes in an essay, it is essential to maintain a well-organized structure:

1. Introduction:

Begin by introducing the concept of ethics, values, and morality, and their importance in shaping individual and collective behavior. Briefly outline the specific theme or topic of the essay and its relevance in today’s world.

2. Main Body:

Philosophical Insights: Incorporate philosophical perspectives on ethics and morality, drawing from both Indian and Western thought, to provide depth to the discussion.

Practical Examples: Use relevant Indian examples to illustrate key points, demonstrating how ethical principles are applied—or neglected—in various contexts.

Contemporary Relevance: Connect ethical principles to contemporary issues, showing how they continue to be relevant in addressing the challenges of modern society.

3. Conclusion:

Summarise the key arguments made in the essay, reflecting on the broader implications of ethics, values, and morality in shaping a just and equitable society. Emphasise the importance of upholding ethical standards in personal and public life, and suggest areas for further reflection or action.

The UPSC Essay Exercise


)	Society with justice, society needing charity
	Entitlements, expectations, good governance, cultural values, ethical role models, celebration of integrity, Scandinavian countries, public trust, transaction trust, Corruption etc.
	There is a curious relationship between justice and the need for charity in a society. While charity on an individual level is good and desirable, at societal scales, it implies that there is a population that must be in need of it- and that mean there is a fundamental inequality within society. The presence of large-scale inequality, in turn implies that there must be injustice somewhere in some form-which could be economic or political. You may compare and contrast India with Norway . The more justice there is, the less there is a need for charity. While one can argue that this asymmetry is due the significant wealth imbalance between Norway and India, one cannot rule out the case of Bhutan- where its not the GDP that matters, but the GHP (Gross Happiness Index). It is justice that leads to happiness, not economics.

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For your answers, queries and suggestions write at manas.srivastava@ indianexpress.com .

Manas Srivastava is currently working as deputy copy editor at The Indian Express and writes for UPSC and other competitive exams related projects.

Manas Srivastava is currently working as Senior Copy Editor with The Indian Express (digital) and leads a unique initiative of IE - UPSC Essentials. He majorly writes on UPSC, other competitive exams and education-related projects. In the past, Manas has represented India at the G-20 Youth Summit in Mexico. He is a former member of the Youth Council, GOI. A two-time topper/gold medallist in History (both in graduation and post-graduation) from Delhi University, he has mentored and taught UPSC aspirants for more than four years. His diverse role in The Indian Express consists of writing, editing, anchoring/ hosting, interviewing experts, and curating and simplifying news for the benefit of students. He hosts the YouTube talk show called ‘Art and Culture with Devdutt Pattanaik’ and a LIVE series on Instagram and YouTube called ‘You Ask We Answer’.His talks on ‘How to read a newspaper’ focus on newspaper reading as an essential habit for students. His articles and videos aim at finding solutions to the general queries of students and hence he believes in being students' editor, preparing them not just for any exam but helping them to become informed citizens. This is where he makes his teaching profession meet journalism. He is also the editor of UPSC Essentials' monthly magazine for the aspirants. He is a recipient of the Dip Chand Memorial Award, the Lala Ram Mohan Prize and Prof. Papiya Ghosh Memorial Prize for academic excellence. He was also awarded the University’s Post-Graduate Scholarship for pursuing M.A. in History where he chose to specialise in Ancient India due to his keen interest in Archaeology. He has also successfully completed a Certificate course on Women’s Studies by the Women’s Studies Development Centre, DU. As a part of N.S.S in the past, Manas has worked with national and international organisations and has shown keen interest and active participation in Social Service. He has led and been a part of projects involving areas such as gender sensitisation, persons with disability, helping slum dwellers, environment, adopting our heritage programme. He has also presented a case study on ‘Psychological stress among students’ at ICSQCC- Sri Lanka. As a compere for seminars and other events he likes to keep his orating hobby alive. His interests also lie in International Relations, Governance, Social issues, Essays and poetry. ... Read More

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MH CET 3-year LLB 2024 Round 2 seat allotment result released, reporting to colleges from August 20.

MH CET 3-year LLB 2024 counselling process has reached round 2, with approximately 16,240 seats available for the programme. The seat allotment results can be accessed through the official website, and candidates must report to their allotted colleges between August 20 and 23.

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Chelsea vs Man City: Enzo Maresca’s reunion with grandmaster Pep Guardiola is a story of football and chess

Enzo Maresca transformed Man City’s development team and brought Pep Guardiola’s game to the Championship. Now he is ready for the chess match of his life. Watch Chelsea vs Man City live on Sky Sports Premier League from 4pm on Sunday; kick-off 4.30pm

Comment and Analysis @ghostgoal

Sunday 18 August 2024 15:46, UK

Enzo Maresca’s first competitive match managing Chelsea will pit him against Pep Guardiola and his champion Manchester City team. For Maresca, it will be a significant moment. A chance to test himself in a footballing chess-match against the very best.

Maresca may have described another Manchester City boss Manuel Pellegrini as "like a father" to him but it is Guardiola whom he most admires. He still recalls their first conversation when Guardiola was coaching Barcelona and he was a player for Malaga.

The pair connected over their memories of Carlo Mazzone, the charismatic Italian coach who had been in charge of Cagliari when Maresca was a young prospect there. He would later coach Brescia during Guardiola's stint in Italy towards the end of his playing days.

When they met, Guardiola was already the pre-eminent coach of his generation but Maresca's own ideas about football were still formulating. He has since revealed that he studied Guardiola during this period - alongside a growing fascination with chess.

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Thesis on football and chess

Maresca had been taking chess lessons for four years when he chose it as the subject of his thesis in completing his coaching badges at Coverciano, the esteemed Italian finishing school. He admitted that he only became interested once he wanted to coach.

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At over 7,000 words, it is an in-depth exploration of the similarities between the two games. He compares opening theory in chess to building from the back in football, discusses the battle for control of the centre, and the importance of quality in the endgame.

Guardiola is referenced indirectly, when Maresca refers to his mentor Johan Cruyff as having been a footballing-chess player, and directly when he quotes him on the importance of controlling that centre. Control the midfield and control the match, he explains.

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Maresca goes on to discuss how that can be done in various ways - this is a thesis. And when he writes of how the positional game sometimes requires keeping a central piece in the same spot to gain an advantage rather than risk moving it, that feels pure Guardiola.

Some of it seems practical. Maresca highlights the importance, in football and in chess, of trying to create numerical superiorities or one-on-ones in certain areas of the pitch. Last season, it was two Leicester players who topped the charts for most one-on-ones.

At other times, it is more about Maresca's thought-process than any tactic. "I came to the conclusion that playing chess can train the mind of a coach," he writes, claiming that it develops the prefrontal cortex of the brain, responsible for planning and anticipation.

Indeed, part of his fascination stems from the thought that study might help him to anticipate what is coming next. "The fundamental element of chess is the logic that leads a player to understand and thus predict the moves of the opponents," he argues.

That is interesting because this is pretty much how Tommy Doyle, the former Manchester City midfielder, describes the experience of playing for Maresca. "He gave brilliant advice. What Enzo told us to do and how the games panned out was everything that he said."

Transforming City's youngsters

Maresca transformed City's development side and prior to Leicester's Championship title win he described the achievement of winning Premier League 2 with them as the proudest of his career. It was an accomplishment because he changed the mentality.

"It was not based on winning, it was about playing nice football." That was Doyle's take on what came before. As James McAtee put it: "When Enzo came in, he said, 'we want to make history and win the league'. And we went and did it. Training got more intense."

Maresca approached the task with the attitude of a head coach rather than someone working in development. It is a delicate balance because academy graduates need to be nurtured but this is not youth football and they need to be prepared for the next step too.

Ceri Bowley helped devise the methodology at City Football Group and remembers well the impact that Maresca had on those young players. Guardiola had earmarked him as a potential assistant already but that role was a test of what he could do. He passed it.

"When that job came up," Bowley tells Sky Sports , "they wanted to give him that experience of being involved in the group, to understand it, to see up close whether he was the right fit for the environment, the way that he wants to work and sees the game.

"They were very good that year and won the league quite convincingly. He had a very good group, do not get me wrong, but you could just see by the way that the team played and how they kicked on from the years previous, the impact that he had on it."

Tommy Doyle of Manchester City lifts the Premier League 2 trophy alongside his teammates following the Premier League 2 match between Manchester city and Tottenham Hotspur at Manchester City Football Academy on April 30, 2021 in Manchester, England.

When Maresca left to take the Parma job, Brian Barry-Murphy was tasked with replacing him at City. Now, as then, he is open about it being a daunting act to follow. "The performances and results were incredible that season," Barry-Murphy tells Sky Sports .

"Previously they had been seen as an academy team and one that was still part of that academy. Enzo separated that team. He wanted those players to start to understand what it was like to be a senior professional and a prospective first-team player."

Barry-Murphy arrived to find the mentality transformed. "When I got there, the players were insanely competitive and obsessed with improving to win. They had won their first trophy, the acclaim they were getting was the same as a first-team player starting out."

Returning as Guardiola's assistant

As a result, when that opportunity at Parma did not work out and Guardiola's assistant Juanma Lillo's departure for Qatar opened up a first-team vacancy, it was no surprise that Maresca was offered a route back to City, this time working with the seniors.

Guardiola has described the work done with that development squad as "extraordinary" and while Lillo had been a mentor to him, Maresca was different. "I feel it like I felt it when I saw Mikel Arteta." In his view, the potential to be an elite manager was clear.

"He is a really humble guy, if he wasn't then Pep would not have had him," says Bowley. "I was always impressed. He has a very clear identity of how he wants his team to play and is very good in how he communicates that to players. Really clear, really simple."

His season by Guardiola's side became the most successful in City's history as they won the treble. Coincidence? Perhaps not. Maresca played his part. "It was significant for me that he was so active and so involved in the coaching," says Barry-Murphy.

Enzo Maresca (left) is currently assistant manager to Pep Guardiola Manchester City

"Pep is such a dominant figure because he is so good and commands everyone's respect, so it can be easy to stay in the background and not be super-active. But Enzo coached from day one and you could see the respect players had for him was instant."

"We all see the tactical outcomes of the innovation for which Pep receives acclaim. But people do not see the technical work that goes into it to give the players the confidence that it will work. They work on that every day and that is why the level is so high.

"Enzo was involved with that and helped the players to improve those technical actions and concepts. He would be involved in everything. He would be coaching all the players at different times and, the same as Pep, it is not segmented, it is very group focused."

Implementing ideas at Leicester

Maresca's association with City's success persuaded Leicester to appoint him as their new head coach last summer and he left again, seizing the chance to show that many of the ideas that he had worked on with the champions could work in the Championship.

In his absence, City retained their title having 65 per cent of the ball, but Maresca's Leicester's side were not far behind in winning their own division with 62 per cent of the possession. Many of the fundamental principles of play were soon imported.

The goalkeeper played out from the back and Ricardo Pereira was tried as an inverted full-back. Kiernan Dewsbury-Hall, who has since followed Maresca to Chelsea, revealed that the players felt "a bit stupid" in the early weeks due to the level of detail.

Harry Winks, a senior England international who has played under no fewer than three former Chelsea managers - Jose Mourinho, Antonio Conte and Mauricio Pochettino - told Sky Sports that Maresca was by far the best manager that he had ever worked with.

Echoes of Guardiola? "They see the game in similar ways," adds Barry-Murphy. "The way they coach is a total dedication to improving players so they feel comfortable with what they are being asked to do. That core way of playing and coaching is similar, I think."

Will all this work at Chelsea?

That work has now earned Maresca his chance at Chelsea. They are no doubt attracted by the tantalising prospect of having identified the next Guardiola, a coach capable of implementing similar ideas, maximising the potential of a squad packed with talent.

They may be right. Jurgen Klopp's Liverpool challenged Guardiola's domination with their unique style but the next threats are likely to come from like-minded souls. Arteta's Arsenal and now another former deputy across the capital over at Stamford Bridge.

"Where I think the game has shifted, definitely in the Premier League, is that teams need control," says Bowley. "The misconception with City's methodology is that it was about possession. Our focus was on control not possession. That is what you are seeing now.

"Teams are realising that it is very difficult to be successful with a model that is built around counter-attack. You have to be able to control the ball to control the game, so there is this real appetite around the game for the coaches from City Football Group.

"One of the biggest challenges is that people say they want a methodology and a style of play, but they do not realise what it takes. The one thing I can guarantee it takes, and Mikel Arteta is proof of that, is time. It is not an overnight thing.

"You cannot take the City methodology and play that way from day one because it does not work like that. You have to appreciate what it is going to take and be really aligned with the coaches as a sporting director. You cannot just go and sign who you like.

"That is why Txiki [Begiristain] is the best at it because he fully understands it. He looks at players in the same way that Pep looks at players. The sporting director has the same vision. The game style is already there. Everyone knows the identity. It is ingrained."

Chelsea Verdict following draw with Inter

The depth of Chelsea's commitment to that approach, and to Maresca, will be tested in time. But a quirk of the fixture list means that the Italian's most difficult Stamford Bridge assignment will be his first. Guardiola's City are the visitors on the opening weekend.

It is a meeting with the grandmaster. One that, in a sense, Maresca has been preparing for from that first meeting in Spain, to the theory work in Italy and the practical lessons in England. Should we expect a game of chess? The phrase never felt more appropriate.

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Statistical analysis can detect when ChatGPT is used to cheat on multiple-choice chemistry exams

by McKenzie Harris, Florida State University

As the use of generative artificial intelligence continues to extend into all reaches of education, much of the concern related to its impact on cheating has focused on essays, essay exam questions and other narrative assignments. Use of AI tools such as ChatGPT to cheat on multiple-choice exams has largely gone ignored.

A Florida State University chemist is half of a research partnership whose latest work is changing what we know about this type of cheating, and their findings have revealed how the use of ChatGPT to cheat on general chemistry multiple-choice exams can be detected through specific statistical methods. The work was published in Journal of Chemical Education .

"While many educators and researchers try to detect AI assisted cheating in essays and open-ended responses, such as Turnitin AI detection, as far as we know, this is the first time anyone has proposed detecting its use on multiple-choice exams," said Ken Hanson, an associate professor in the FSU Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. "By evaluating differences in performances between student- and ChatGPT-based multiple-choice chemistry exams, we were able to identify ChatGPT instances across all exams with a false positive rate of almost zero."

Researchers collected previous FSU student responses from five semesters worth of exams, input nearly 1,000 questions into ChatGPT and compared the outcomes. Average score and raw statistics were not enough to identify ChatGPT-like behavior because there are certain questions that ChatGPT always answered correctly or always answered incorrectly resulting in an overall score that was indistinguishable from students.

"That's the thing about ChatGPT—it can generate content, but it doesn't necessarily generate correct content," Hanson said. "It's simply an answer generator. It's trying to look like it knows the answer, and to someone who doesn't understand the material, it probably does look like a correct answer."

By using fit statistics, researchers fixed the ability parameters and refit the outcomes, finding ChatGPT's response pattern was clearly different from that of the students.

On exams, high-performing students frequently answer difficult and easy questions correctly, while average students tend to answer some difficult questions and most easy questions correctly. Low-performing students typically only answer easy questions correctly. But on repeated attempts by ChatGPT to complete an exam, the AI tool sometimes answered every easier question incorrectly and every hard question correctly. Hanson and Sorenson used these behavior differences to detect the use of ChatGPT with almost 100-percent accuracy.

The duo's strategy of employing a technique known as Rasch modeling and fit statistics can be readily applied to any and all generative AI chat bots, which will exhibit their own unique patterns to help educators identify the use of these chat bots in completing multiple-choice exams.

The research is the latest publication in a seven-year collaboration between Hanson and machine learning engineer Ben Sorenson.

Hanson and Sorenson, who first met in third grade, both attended St. Cloud State University in Minnesota for their undergraduate degrees and stayed in touch after moving into their careers. As a faculty member at FSU, Hanson became curious about measuring how much knowledge his students retained from lectures, courses and lab work.

"This was a conversation that I brought to Ben, who's great with statistics, computer science and data processing ," said Hanson, who is part of a group of FSU faculty working to improve student success in gateway STEM courses such as general chemistry and college algebra. "He said we could use statistical tools to understand if my exams are good, and in 2017, we started analyzing exams."

The core of this Rasch model is that a student's probability of getting any test question correct is a function of two things: how difficult the question is and the student's ability to answer the question. In this case, a student 's ability refers to how much knowledge they have and how many of the necessary components are needed to answer the question they have. Viewing the outcomes of an exam in this way provides powerful insights, researchers said.

"The collaboration between Ken and I, though remote, has been a really seamless, smooth process," Sorenson said. "Our work is a great way to provide supporting evidence when educators might already suspect that cheating may be happening. What we didn't expect was that the patterns of artificial intelligence would be so easy to identify."

Journal information: Journal of Chemical Education

Provided by Florida State University

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25 Thesis Statement Examples (2024)
Strong Thesis Statement Examples. 1. School Uniforms. "Mandatory school uniforms should be implemented in educational institutions as they promote a sense of equality, reduce distractions, and foster a focused and professional learning environment.". Best For: Argumentative Essay or Debate. Read More: School Uniforms Pros and Cons.
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Thesis statement examples. A quick note that these thesis statements have not been fully researched. These are merely examples to show you what a thesis statement might look like and how you can implement your own ideas into one that you think of independently. As such, you should not use these thesis statements for your own research paper ...
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How to write a thesis statement for compare-and-contrast essays. Thesis statements for compare-and-contrast essays are tricky because you have at least two topics to touch on instead of just one. The same general guidelines apply (decisive language, details, etc.), but you need to give equal attention to both your topics—otherwise, your essay will seem biased from the start.
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Revised on April 16, 2024. A thesis is a type of research paper based on your original research. It is usually submitted as the final step of a master's program or a capstone to a bachelor's degree. Writing a thesis can be a daunting experience. Other than a dissertation, it is one of the longest pieces of writing students typically complete.
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Step 4: Revise and refine your thesis statement before you start writing. Read through your thesis statement several times before you begin to compose your full essay. You need to make sure the statement is ironclad, since it is the foundation of the entire paper. Edit it or have a peer review it for you to make sure everything makes sense and ...
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25 Thesis Statement Examples

Strong Thesis Statement Examples

1. School Uniforms

2. Nature vs Nurture

3. American Dream

4. Social Media

5. Globalization

6. Urbanization

7. Immigration

8. Cultural Identity

9. Technology

10. Capitalism vs Socialism

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13. Free Will

14. Gender Roles

15. Work-Life Ballance

16. Universal Healthcare

17. Minimum Wage

18. Homework

19. Charter Schools

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21. Affirmative Action

22. Soft Skills

23. Moral Panic

24. Freedom of the Press

25. Mass Media

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