futures research methodology 3.0

Futures Research Methodology Version 3.0

by Jerome C. Glenn; Theodore J. Gordon

About the book

Comprehensive and internationally peer-reviewed handbook on tools and methods for forecasting and analysis of global change. Each chapter in this series gives an executive overview of each method's history, description, primary and alternative usages, strengths and weaknesses, use in combination with other methods, and speculation about future usage. Some also contain appendixes with applications and sources for further information. All chapters are presented in an MsWord (.doc) Futures Research Methodology Version 3.0 is the largest, most comprehensive collection of internationally peer-reviewed handbook on methods and tools to explore future possibilities ever assembled in one resource in history. There are far more detailed book on specific methods, but no other resource comes close to giving the overview of such a range of methods. Each of these 39 chapters gives an executive overview of each method's history, description, primary and alternative usages, strengths and weaknesses, uses in combination with other methods, and speculation about future evolution of the method. Some also contain appendixes with applications, links to software, and sources for further information. Version 3.0 has not only added new chapters, it has also updated and improved the editing of the previous chapters making this version a significant improvement on the previous one. Over half of the chapters were written by the inventor of the method or by a significant contributor to the method s evolution: Table of Contents 1. Introduction to Futures Research Jerome C. Glenn 2. Environmental Scanning Theodore J. Gordon and Jerome C. Glenn 3. Text Mining for Technology Foresight Alan L. Porter 4. Delphi Theodore J. Gordon 5. Real-Time Delphi Theodore J. Gordon 6 The Futures Wheel Jerome C. Glenn 7. The Futures Polygon Antonio Pacinelli 8. Trend Impact Analysis Theodore J. Gordon 9. Cross-Impact Analysis Theodore J. Gordon 10. Wild Cards John Petersen and Karlheintz Steinmueller 11. Structural Analysis Jacques Arcade, Michel Godet, Francis Meunier, Fabrice Roubelat 12. The Systems Perspectives Allenna Leonard with Stafford Beer 13. Decision Modeling The Futures Group International 14. Substitution Analysis Theodore J. Gordon 15. 14. Statistical Modeling Antonio Pacinelli 16. Technology Sequence Analysis Theodore J. Gordon 17. Morphological Analysis Tom Ritchey 18. Relevance Trees The Futures Group International and Theodore J. Gordon 19. Scenarios Jerome C. Glenn and The Futures Group International 20. A Toolbox for Scenario Planning Michel Godet 21. Interactive Scenarios Theodore J. Gordon 22. Robust Decisionmaking Robert Lempert, Steven Popper, Steve Bankes (RAND Corporation) 23. Participatory Methods Jerome C. Glenn 24. Simulation and Games Erwin Rausch with additions from Frank Catanzaro 25. Genius Forecasting, Intuition, and Vision Jerome C. Glenn 26. Prediction Markets Justin Wolfers and Justin Zitzewitz 27. Using Vision in Futures Clem Bezold 28. Normative Forecasting Joe Coates and Jerome C. Glenn 29. S&&T Road Mapping Theodore J. Gordon 30. Field Anomaly Relaxation (FAR) Geoffrey R. Coyle 31. Agent Modeling (demo software) Theodore J. Gordon 32. Chaos and Non-Linear Dynamics Theodore Gordon 33. Multiple Perspective Concept Harold Linstone 34. Heuristics Modeling Sam Cole 35. Causal Layered Analysis Sohail Inayatullah 36. Personal Futures Verne Wheelwright 37.State of the Future Index Theodore J. Gordon 38. SOFI Software System Peter Yim 39. Integration, Comparisons, and Frontiers of Futures Research Methods Theodore J. Gordon and Jerome C. Glenn

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Futures Research Methodology Version 3.0

By jerome c. glenn and theodore j. gordon.

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Futures Research Methodology CD Version 3.0

Jerome Glenn, Ted Gordon from Millennium Project

The Futures Research Methodology is the largest collection of futures tools and methods ever published. From simple tools to more complex methodologies, this resource features a wide-variety of foresight activities, many of which can be incorporated into classes at any level.

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Futures Research Methodology 3.0

Futures Research Methodology Version 3.0 is the largest, most comprehensive collection of internationally peer-reviewed handbook on methods and tools to explore future possibilities ever assembled in one resource.

Over half of the chapters were written by the inventor of the method or by a significant contributor to the method’s evolution.

FRM 3.0 contains 39 chapters totaling about 1,300 pages. Each method is treated in a separate file in word (.doc) and PDF format.

http://millennium-project.org/millennium/FRM-V3...

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Comprehensive and internationally peer-reviewed handbook on tools and methods for forecasting and analysis of global change. Each chapter in this series gives an executive overview of each method's history, description, primary and alternative usages, strengths and weaknesses, use in combination with other methods, and speculation about future usage. Some also contain appendixes with applications and sources for further information. All chapters are presented in an MsWord (.doc) Futures Research Methodology Version 3.0 is the largest, most comprehensive collection of internationally peer-reviewed handbook on methods and tools to explore future possibilities ever assembled in one resource in history. There are far more detailed book on specific methods, but no other resource comes close to giving the overview of such a range of methods. Each of these 39 chapters gives an executive overview of each method's history, description, primary and alternative usages, strengths and weaknesses, uses in combination with other methods, and speculation about future evolution of the method. Some also contain appendixes with applications, links to software, and sources for further information. Version 3.0 has not only added new chapters, it has also updated and improved the editing of the previous chapters making this version a significant improvement on the previous one. Over half of the chapters were written by the inventor of the method or by a significant contributor to the method s evolution: Table of Contents 1. Introduction to Futures Research Jerome C. Glenn 2. Environmental Scanning Theodore J. Gordon and Jerome C. Glenn 3. Text Mining for Technology Foresight Alan L. Porter 4. Delphi Theodore J. Gordon 5. Real-Time Delphi Theodore J. Gordon 6 The Futures Wheel Jerome C. Glenn 7. The Futures Polygon Antonio Pacinelli 8. Trend Impact Analysis Theodore J. Gordon 9. Cross-Impact Analysis Theodore J. Gordon 10. Wild Cards John Petersen and Karlheintz Steinmueller 11. Structural Analysis Jacques Arcade, Michel Godet, Francis Meunier, Fabrice Roubelat 12. The Systems Perspectives Allenna Leonard with Stafford Beer 13. Decision Modeling The Futures Group International 14. Substitution Analysis Theodore J. Gordon 15. 14. Statistical Modeling Antonio Pacinelli 16. Technology Sequence Analysis Theodore J. Gordon 17. Morphological Analysis Tom Ritchey 18. Relevance Trees The Futures Group International and Theodore J. Gordon 19. Scenarios Jerome C. Glenn and The Futures Group International 20. A Toolbox for Scenario Planning Michel Godet 21. Interactive Scenarios Theodore J. Gordon 22. Robust Decisionmaking Robert Lempert, Steven Popper, Steve Bankes (RAND Corporation) 23. Participatory Methods Jerome C. Glenn 24. Simulation and Games Erwin Rausch with additions from Frank Catanzaro 25. Genius Forecasting, Intuition, and Vision Jerome C. Glenn 26. Prediction Markets Justin Wolfers and Justin Zitzewitz 27. Using Vision in Futures Clem Bezold 28. Normative Forecasting Joe Coates and Jerome C. Glenn 29. S&&T Road Mapping Theodore J. Gordon 30. Field Anomaly Relaxation (FAR) Geoffrey R. Coyle 31. Agent Modeling (demo software) Theodore J. Gordon 32. Chaos and Non-Linear Dynamics Theodore Gordon 33. Multiple Perspective Concept Harold Linstone 34. Heuristics Modeling Sam Cole 35. Causal Layered Analysis Sohail Inayatullah 36. Personal Futures Verne Wheelwright 37.State of the Future Index Theodore J. Gordon 38. SOFI Software System Peter Yim 39. Integration, Comparisons, and Frontiers of Futures Research Methods Theodore J. Gordon and Jerome C. Glenn

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great book to read

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The content is excellent, Maybe will be important to do a Kindle version, because is more accessible.

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Evaluation and Organization of Futures Research METHODOLOGY—V3. 0

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Futures Research Methodology: The Millennium Project: Version 3.0 CD-ROM – 30 April 2009

• ISBN-10 0981894119
• ISBN-13 978-0981894119
• Edition 3.0
• Publication date 30 April 2009
• Language English
• Print length 1300 pages
• See all details

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The Millennium Project and beyond

ISSN : 1463-6689

Article publication date: 16 September 2013

Cordeiro, J.L. (2013), "The Millennium Project and beyond", Foresight , Vol. 15 No. 5. https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-03-2013-0008

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Article Type: Guest editorial From: foresight, Volume 15, Issue 5

The Millennium Project was founded in 1996 after a three-year feasibility study with the United Nations University, Smithsonian Institution, Futures Group International, and the American Council for the United Nations University (UNU). It is now an independent non-profit global participatory futures research think tank of futurists, scholars, business planners, and policy makers who work for international organizations, governments, corporations, NGOs, and universities. The Millennium Project currently manages a coherent and cumulative process that collects and assesses judgments from over 4,000 experts from close to 100 countries that have contributed with their views to The Millennium Project since its inception.

The State of the Future (SOF) (Glenn et al. , 2012) has been analyzing the 15 Global Challenges, year after year, besides other special studies and the State of the Future Index (SOFI), which monitors the variables that are getting better and the ones that are getting worse. The SOF print edition is just an executive summary with over 10,000 additional pages of accumulated research over the years.

The Futures Research Methodology (FRM) (Glenn and Gordon, 2012) is now on its third edition and it includes 39 chapters with over 1,300 pages describing the most important methodologies on futures research. The FRM version 3.0 was sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation and it is the largest internationally peer-reviewed collection of methods to explore the future ever assembled in one source.

The Global Futures Intelligence System (GFIS) (The Millennium Project, 2013) is a new collective intelligence system that integrates all of the information, groups, and software of The Millennium Project in a single location. The GFIS is novel way to participate with and have access to a general overview of major global issues that can be read and understood in just 15 minutes, including historical data and future forecasts.

The Millennium Project is not a one-time study of the future, but provides an on-going capacity as a geographically and institutionally dispersed think tank. It was selected among the Best 7 Foresight Organizations by US Office of Energy, and it was a 2012 Computerworld laureate for its innovations in collective intelligence systems. Most annual State of the Future reports have been selected by the publication Future Survey as among the year’s best books on the future, the international journal Technological Forecasting & Social Change has dedicated several entire issues to the annual State of the Future ., and foresight reviewed the 2012 State of the Future as “strategic planning for the planet.”

Heiko A. von der Gracht and Inga-Lena Darkow (Institute for Futures Studies and Knowledge Management [IFK], EBS Business School, Wiesbaden, Germany, and members of the German Node of The Millennium Project) analyzed “The future role of logistics for global wealth: Scenarios and discontinuities until 2025.” Von der Gracht and Darkow researched global logistics scenarios with focus on the future contribution the logistics industry can make to the triple bottom line – people, planet and profit. Over 200 experts were asked to share their visions via a real-time Delphi (RTD) study. The results were further examined in futures workshops according to World Café methodology to developed 20 key Delphi projections for global logistics in 2025.

Aharon Hauptman and Yair Sharan (Interdisciplinary Center for Technology Analysis and Forecasting [ICTAF],Tel-Aviv University, Israel, and members of the Israeli Node of The Millennium Project) analyzed “Foresight of evolving security threats posed by emerging technologies.” Hauptman and Sharan consider the overlooked “dark side” of new technologies, and their potential abuse by terrorists or organized crime. The EU-funded project FESTOS assesses security issues following a horizon scanning and a Delphi expert survey to rank the “abuse potential” and “threat intensity” of 33 emerging technologies. “Weak signals,” “wild cards” and a variant of the “futures wheel” method were used to construct four “scenario sketches” considering potential future threats.

William E. Halal (George Washington University, Washington DC, USA, Bangkok University, Thailand, and participant of the Cyber Node of The Millennium Project) wrote “Through the megacrisis: making the passage to global maturity.” Halal used an online survey to assess attitudes toward four scenarios defining the range of possible outcomes of the “global megacrisis,” with an improved Delphi method to estimate when emerging technologies are likely to enter mainstream use. An evolutionary perspective and “collective intelligence” methods helped to understand how the world could make the passage through today’s “global megacrisis” to a more sophisticated level of development by about 2020.

Tony Diggle (independent consultant, London, England, and member of the UK Node of The Millennium Project) worked on “Water: how collective intelligence initiatives can address this global challenge.” Diggle analyzes online collective intelligence systems that make it easier to set practical goals and monitor progress to send, receive and act on the latest research and new information. Recent developments by the World Water Assessment Panel (WWAP) of UNESCO, the International Water Association (IWA), and the IWA WaterWiki are considered, and then potential future developments are examined from a collective intelligence viewpoint dealing with water challenges.

Sven Hirsch, Paul Burggraf and Cornelia Daheim (Zpunkt the foresight company, Köln, Germany, and members of the German Node of The Millennium Project) consider “Scenario planning with integrated quantification – managing uncertainty in corporate strategy building.” Hirsch, Burggraf and Daheim present a practical methodology for establishing quantitative scenarios in a participative process within a business environment. Their method follows the classical scenario design process of key factor analysis, projection design, interaction analysis, and scenario selection. Each step helps to consolidate the qualitative and quantitative description of the strategic scenarios.

Pavel Nováek (Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic, Czech Association of the Club of Rome, Prague, Czech Republic, and member of the Central European Node of The Millennium Project) considered “Thinking oriented towards the future: key to prosperity and sustainable development?” Nováek proposes a new methodology called the Future Oriented Thinking Index (FOTI) using 23 indicators. The FOTI is an approach close to the State of the Future Index (SOFI) developed by Theodore J. Gordon and the Millennium Project, but the FOTI should focus more on identifying how people are able to take into account future challenges and behave according to them, and less on the “state of the future” (measuring whether the indicators will improve or deteriorate).

Futurists often explain that the purpose of thinking about the future is not to predict what will happen, but rather to visualize possibilities and consider plausible alternatives. These papers are an important starting point to consider some of those possibilities and alternatives. Although we cannot know or determine the future, our aim with this Special Issue is to promote dialogue, facilitate creative thinking, and provide an additional platform for voices from The Millennium Project. We hope this special issue “The Millennium Project and Beyond” contributes to this important dialogue to create better futures for humanity.

Acknowledgements

The Guest Editor wants to thank personally three senior staff of The Millennium Project: Executive Director Jerome C. Glenn for his leadership, Senior Research Fellow Theodore J. Gordon for his wisdom, and Research Director Elizabeth Florescu for her diligence.

José Luis Cordeiro Director, Millennium Project, Venezuela Node, Caracas, Venezuela

Glenn, J.C. and Gordon, T.J. (2012), Futures Research Methodologies, Version 3.0 , The Millennium Project, Washington, DC, available at: http://http://millennium-project.org/millennium/FRM-V3.html Glenn, J.C., Gordon, T.J. and Florescu, E. (2012), 2012 State of the Future , The Millennium Project, Washington, DC, available at: http://millennium-project.org/millennium/2012SOF.html The Millennium Project (2013), Global Futures Intelligence System (GFIS) , The Millennium Project, Washington, DC, available at: https://themp.org

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Futures Research Methodology: The Millennium Project: Version 3.0 CD-ROM – 30 April 2009

• ISBN-10 0981894119
• ISBN-13 978-0981894119
• Edition 3.0
• Publisher Milennium Project
• Publication date 30 April 2009
• Language English
• Dimensions 13.97 x 0.64 x 13.34 cm
• See all details

Product details

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Milennium Project; 3.0 edition (30 April 2009)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0981894119
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0981894119
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 13.97 x 0.64 x 13.34 cm

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Theodore j. gordon.

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15 global challenges, artificial general intelligence, work/tech 2050: scenarios and actions, state of the future, futures research methodology 3.0, about the millennium project.

The Millennium Project is a global participatory think tank established in 1996 under the American Council for the United Nations University that became independent in 2009 and has grown to 72 Nodes around the world .

It connects futurists around the world and collaborates to improve global foresight .

Improve humanity’s prospects for building a better future.

Improve thinking about the future and make that thinking available through a variety of media for feedback to accumulate wisdom about the future for better decisions today.

A global foresight network of Nodes, information, and software, building a global collective intelligence system recognized for its ability to improve prospects for humanity. A think tank on behalf of humanity, not on behalf of a government, or an issue, or an ideology, but on behalf of building a better future for all of us.

About The Millennium Project Nodes

A Millennium Project Node is a self-organizing group of institutions and individuals recognized by the Project that will facilitate the Project’s research or conduct autonomous research in support of the Project. In this capacity, each Node will participate in the identification of incipient world issues and opportunities, study their prospect and their potential resolution, as well as methods for accomplishing such research.

Each Millennium Project Node:

• Assumes lead responsibility for a geographic area or subject
• Has access to the entire Millennium Project (staff, information system, international panels, and the other Nodes) in carrying out its specialized responsibility
• Selects its own Chair who is responsible for the work of the Node and communications with the Project’s coordinating office

See 14 ways you can get involved!

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Current Activities

• International assessment of future governance models for the transition from Artificial Narrow to  Artificial General Intelligence .
• Working on the next State of the Future report, current version:   State of the Future 19.1  (print and download)
• Working with the Executive Office of the UN Secretary-General, The Millennium Project conducted a Real-Time Delphi to assess the  five foresight elements   of the UNSG’s report Our Common Agenda . The RTDelphi panel of 189 professionals from 54 countries provided 1,463 answers of which 983 were explanations and comments. About half the panel had 20 or more years of professional foresight or related experience. Download the report (pdf)
• 2030  State of the Future Index re-assessed the 29 global variables and generated the new World Report Card on the future.
• Up-dating  FUTURES  dictionary/encyclopedia of futurist terms and methods; current version
• Futures Dictionary/Encyclopedia  ( English  and  Spanish )
• Global Scanning for the 15 Global Challenges (while the Global Futures Intelligence System GFIS is being re-positioned in Amazon, new scanning items can be added here.
• Future Work/Technology 2050: Scenarios and Actions.  The report covers the three-year study on the future dynamics of work and technology with three detailed global scenarios, results of 30 national workshops in 29 countries, and five Real-time Delphi’s that rated 93 actions distilled from those suggested to address issues raised in the three scenarios by the national workshops. Each of the 93 actions have ratings and comments from several hundred futurists and related experts. This is probably the broadest international assessment of long-range actions to address the future of work thus far.  Workshops Future Work/Technology 2050  and 7.5 minute  video   overview
• Short Videos  of each of the 15 Global Challenges are now available and other  MP Videos .
• Philosophy, History, and STS (Science, Technology, Society) scholars’ views on Futures Research and Foresight conference (Grappling with the Futures) at Harvard and Boston Universities –  abstracts available .

Recent News

The Millennium Project Newsletter – July & August, 2024

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A new issue of our newsletter is out, packed with previews and major events! We’ve entered Phase 3 of our research on...

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RIBER Meeting in Monterrey – September 24-25, 2024

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RIBER, Red Iberoamericana de Prospectiva and Regional Network of The Millennium Project, invites all members to join its next in person meeting...

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Simone Di Zio, Co-Chair of Italy Node of The Millennium Project, in collaboration with other colleagues, recently published conference proceedings that explore...

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Oil Market Report - August 2024

About this report

The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries.

• Global oil demand increased by 870 kb/d in 2Q24, with a contraction in China limiting gains. Demand is set to rise by less than 1 mb/d in both 2024 and 2025. This is largely unchanged from last month’s Report and far slower than last year’s 2.1 mb/d growth as comparatively lacklustre macroeconomic drivers come to the fore.
• World supply rose 230 kb/d to 103.4 mb/d in July as a substantial OPEC+ increase more than offset losses from non-OPEC+. Annual gains accelerate from 730 kb/d in 2024 to 1.9 mb/d in 2025. Non-OPEC+ production increases by 1.5 mb/d this year and next, while OPEC+ may fall by 760 kb/d in 2024 but rise by 400 kb/d in 2025 if voluntary cuts stay in place.
• Global refinery throughputs are forecast to increase by 840 kb/d to 83.3 mb/d in 2024, and by 600 kb/d to 83.9 mb/d next year. Margin weakness continues to weigh on processing rates, with Chinese runs now expected to decline y-o-y. Margins fell further in July in Europe, but rose in Singapore and on the US Gulf Coast, led by stronger naphtha and gasoline cracks.
• Global observed oil inventories fell by 26.2 mb in June, following four months of builds totalling 157.5 mb. OECD onshore stocks declined by 19.5 mb but were mostly offset by a 17.5 mb increase in non-OECD countries. Oil on water declined for a third consecutive month, by 24.2 mb. OECD Industry inventories were down by 21 mb, largely in line with the seasonal norm.
• Brent crude futures tumbled by $6/bbl during July, as a string of weak macro-economic data prompted a broad risk-off sentiment across financial markets, outweighing escalating hostilities in the Middle East. Front-month time spreads remained resilient in the face of falling flat prices, reflecting a tight Atlantic Basin market. At the time of writing, Brent was trading at around $80/bbl.

Market gymnastics

Oil markets exhibited Olympic levels of volatility over recent weeks. Benchmark crude oil prices tumbled sharply lower in July and early August as unexpected economic data threw the market off balance. Questions over the health of the global economy re-emerged as Japan increased interest rates sparking a reversal in yen carry trades, China’s outlook deteriorated and US hiring slowed in July. But persistent geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and some relatively positive macroeconomic data backstopped weakness in oil futures, with prices rebounding higher in the second week of August. Moreover, OPEC+ cuts are also tightening physical markets, lifting North Sea Dated to a $2/bbl premium against the front-month ICE contract. At the time of writing, ICE Brent futures traded at around $80/bbl, down by more than $6/bbl since the start of July.

Our outlook for global oil demand is largely unchanged from last month’s Report, with growth projected at slightly less than 1 mb/d in both 2024 and 2025. However, a meaningful shift in drivers is becoming apparent. In June, Chinese oil demand contracted for a third consecutive month, driven by a slump in industrial inputs, including for the petrochemical sector. Preliminary trade data point to further weakness in July, as crude oil imports sank to their lowest level since the stringent lockdowns of September 2022. By contrast, demand in advanced economies, especially for US gasoline, has shown signs of strength in recent months. The US economy, where one-third of global gasoline is consumed, has outperformed peers, with a resilient service sector buttressing miles driven. As a result, OECD oil consumption flipped from a 300 kb/d annual contraction in 1Q24 to growth of 190 kb/d in the second quarter.

Despite the marked slowdown in Chinese oil demand growth, OPEC+ has yet to call time on its plan to gradually unwind voluntary production cuts starting in the fourth quarter. Its Joint Ministerial Monitoring Committee (JMMC) reiterated on 1 August, however, that the group could pause or reverse its decision depending on prevailing market conditions. Our current balances suggest that even if those cuts remain in place, global inventories could build by an average 860 kb/d next year as non-OPEC+ supply increases of around 1.5 mb/d in 2024 and again in 2025 more than cover expected demand growth. The Americas quartet of the United States, Guyana, Canada and Brazil account for three-quarters, or roughly 1.1 mb/d, of non-OPEC+ supply gains in each of the two years.

For now, supply is struggling to keep pace with peak summer demand, tipping the market into a deficit. As a result, global inventories have taken a hit. After four months of gains, June saw oil inventories fall by 26.2 mb. Crude oil stocks dropped by 40.9 mb, even as China built substantially. Meanwhile, oil products rose by 14.8 mb, supported by large builds in US LPG. Preliminary July data suggest this trend continued, with total stocks declining once again as crude inventories lost further ground while oil products made gains. This dynamic is squeezing refinery margins, potentially setting the stage for an upset and shift in refinery activity in the coming months. Competition in the oil markets will continue even after the Olympic and Paralympic

OPEC+ crude oil production 1 million barrels per day

1. Includes extra voluntary curbs where announced. 2. Capacity levels can be reached within 90 days and sustained for an extended period. 3. Excludes shut in Iranian, Russian crude. 4. Angola left OPEC effective 1 Jan 2024. 5. Iran, Libya, Venezuela exempt from cuts. 6. Mexico excluded from OPEC+ compliance. 7. Bahrain, Brunei, Malaysia, Sudan and South Sudan.

Oil Market Report Documentation

Definitions of key terms used in the OMR.

For more info on the methodology, download the PDF below.

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• Download the methodology PDF circle-arrow

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Cite report

IEA (2024), Oil Market Report - August 2024 , IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/oil-market-report-august-2024

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