essay writing tips in malayalam

Essay Papers Writing Online

A comprehensive guide to essay writing.

Essay writing is a crucial skill that students need to master in order to succeed academically. Whether you’re a high school student working on a history paper or a college student tackling a critical analysis essay, having a solid understanding of the essay writing process is essential.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the essential tips and tricks that will help you improve your essay writing skills. From generating ideas and organizing your thoughts to crafting a strong thesis statement and polishing your final draft, we’ve got you covered.

Not only that, but we’ll also provide you with useful templates that you can use as a framework for your essays. These templates will help you structure your writing, stay focused on your main argument, and ensure that your essay flows smoothly from one point to the next.

The Ultimate Essay Writing Guides

Essay writing can be a challenging task for many students, but with the right guidance and tips, you can improve your writing skills and produce high-quality essays. In this ultimate guide, we will provide you with valuable advice, tricks, and templates to help you excel in your essay writing endeavors.

1. Understand the Prompt: Before you start writing your essay, make sure you fully understand the prompt or question. Analyze the requirements and key points that need to be addressed in your essay.

2. Create an Outline: Organize your ideas and thoughts by creating a detailed outline for your essay. This will help you structure your arguments and ensure a logical flow of information.

3. Research Thoroughly: Conduct extensive research on your topic to gather relevant information and evidence to support your arguments. Use credible sources and cite them properly in your essay.

4. Write Clearly and Concisely: Avoid using jargon or complex language in your essay. Write in a clear and concise manner to convey your ideas effectively to the reader.

5. Proofread and Edit: Before submitting your essay, make sure to proofread and edit it carefully. Check for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and ensure that your essay flows cohesively.

By following these ultimate essay writing guides, you can enhance your writing skills and produce outstanding essays that will impress your instructors and peers. Practice regularly and seek feedback to continuously improve your writing abilities.

Tips for Crafting an A+ Essay

1. Understand the Assignment: Before you start writing, make sure you fully understand the assignment guidelines and requirements. If you have any doubts, clarify them with your instructor.

2. Conduct Thorough Research: Gather relevant sources and information to support your arguments. Make sure to cite your sources properly and use credible sources.

3. Create a Strong Thesis Statement: Your thesis statement should clearly outline the main point of your essay and guide your readers on what to expect.

4. Organize Your Ideas: Create an outline to organize your thoughts and ensure a logical flow of ideas in your essay.

5. Write Clearly and Concisely: Use clear, concise language and avoid unnecessary jargon or complex sentences. Be direct and to the point.

6. Revise and Edit: Always proofread your essay for grammar and spelling errors. Revise your work to ensure coherence and clarity.

7. Seek Feedback: Ask a peer or instructor to review your essay and provide constructive feedback for improvement.

8. Use Proper Formatting: Follow the formatting guidelines provided by your instructor, such as font size, margins, and citation style.

9. Stay Focused: Keep your essay focused on the main topic and avoid going off on tangents. Stick to your thesis statement.

10. Practice, Practice, Practice: The more you practice writing essays, the better you will get at it. Keep practicing and refining your writing skills.

Tricks to Improve Your Writing Skills

Improving your writing skills can be a challenging but rewarding process. Here are some tricks to help you become a better writer:

1. Read widely: Reading a variety of genres and styles can help you develop your own voice and writing style.

2. Practice regularly: The more you write, the better you will become. Set aside time each day to practice writing.

3. Get feedback: Share your writing with others and ask for constructive criticism. Feedback can help you identify areas for improvement.

4. Study grammar and punctuation: Good writing requires a solid understanding of grammar and punctuation rules. Take the time to study and practice these essential skills.

5. Edit and revise: Writing is a process, and editing is an important part of that process. Take the time to edit and revise your work to improve clarity and coherence.

6. Experiment with different writing techniques: Try experimenting with different writing techniques, such as using metaphors, similes, or descriptive language, to enhance your writing.

7. Stay inspired: Find inspiration in the world around you. Whether it’s nature, art, or literature, draw inspiration from your surroundings to fuel your writing.

By following these tricks and practicing regularly, you can improve your writing skills and become a more confident and effective writer.

Step-by-Step Essay Writing Templates

When it comes to writing an essay, having a clear and structured template can be incredibly helpful. Here are some step-by-step essay writing templates that you can use to guide you through the process:

• Introduction: Start your essay with a hook to grab the reader’s attention. Provide some background information on the topic and end with a thesis statement that outlines the main argument of your essay.
• Body Paragraphs: Each body paragraph should focus on a single point that supports your thesis. Start with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea of the paragraph, provide evidence to support your point, and then analyze the evidence to show how it relates back to your thesis.
• Conclusion: Summarize the main points of your essay and restate your thesis in a new way. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion and instead focus on tying together all the points you have made throughout the essay.

Expert Advice for Writing Top-Notch Essays

When it comes to writing a top-notch essay, it’s essential to follow expert advice to ensure your work stands out. Here are some key tips to help you elevate your writing:

1. Start with a strong thesis statement that clearly outlines your main argument.

2. Conduct thorough research to support your points with credible sources.

3. Organize your thoughts logically and ensure your essay flows smoothly from one point to the next.

4. Use a variety of sentence structures and vocabulary to keep your writing engaging.

5. Proofread and edit your essay carefully to eliminate errors and refine your arguments.

By following these expert tips, you can take your essay writing skills to the next level and produce work that is both informative and compelling.

Resources to Enhance Your Essay Writing Process

When it comes to improving your essay writing skills, there are a variety of resources available to help you enhance your process. Here are some valuable resources that can aid you in becoming a more effective and efficient writer:

• Writing Guides: There are countless writing guides and books that offer tips, tricks, and strategies for improving your writing skills. Whether you’re looking to enhance your grammar, structure, or argumentation, these guides can provide valuable insights.
• Online Writing Communities: Joining online writing communities can be a great way to connect with other writers, receive feedback on your work, and engage in writing challenges and prompts. Websites like Writing.com and Wattpad are popular platforms for writers to share their work and receive critiques.
• Writing Workshops and Courses: Participating in writing workshops and courses can help you hone your craft and develop your writing skills. Whether you prefer in-person workshops or online courses, there are many options available to suit your needs and schedule.
• Writing Apps and Tools: Utilizing writing apps and tools can streamline your writing process and help you stay organized. Tools like Grammarly can assist with grammar and spelling checks, while apps like Scrivener can help you organize your research and ideas.
• Libraries and Writing Centers: Visiting your local library or university writing center can provide access to valuable resources, such as writing guides, research materials, and writing tutors who can offer personalized feedback and support.

By taking advantage of these resources, you can enhance your essay writing process and become a more skilled and confident writer.

Related Post

How to master the art of writing expository essays and captivate your audience, convenient and reliable source to purchase college essays online, step-by-step guide to crafting a powerful literary analysis essay, tips and techniques for crafting compelling narrative essays.

Find Good Malayalam Essay Topics to Write About

One of the major hurdles is that of finding essay topics in Malayalam language. Students often wonder if they can write about anything in this language the same way they do in English. But which are the easiest Malayalam essay topics to write about?

Since Malayalam is a language spoken mostly by individuals living in the Kerala region of India, it would be easy to write about the culture of these people. You can study their traditional beliefs, their ways of life, the food they eat, and many other things.

The secret is to find something interesting to write about. Once you find the topic, follow these tips below to write a high-quality paper that will get you a good grade. These tips will help you to increase your GPA, which is very critical in your career after graduation.

Table of Contents

Find Many essay topics in Malayalam language then Select One from Them

The best way to start writing an essay in Malayalam is to find numerous interesting topics. You cannot just find one topic and then settle on it at once because this may have consequences in the end. The problem with settling on one topic at once is that it may turn out to be interesting, but with limited information.

If you decide to study the Malayalam speaking people of Kerala, there are many things that you may wish to write about them. As already indicated above, you may design a topic that aims at studying their beliefs, food, and way of life.

Another topic that you may find interesting may be about the business culture of the people who speak the language. In this topic, you may decide to study their business beliefs, their practices, strategies they use, and how they form relationships with customers.

It would also be interesting to develop a topic that compares the culture of the Malayalam speaking people to that of others such as the English people or any other culture that strikes you. Such a topic would be rich with information.

The final step is to do some preliminary research to find out the topic that has sufficient information. Research each and every topic you have come up with so that it may be easy to select the best. These Malayalam essay writing tips are very valuable if you follow them to the letter. They will make your college life smooth and fun.

How to Write a Vishu essay in Malayalam

Assuming that you have chosen to write a Vishu essay in Malayalam, how would you write your paper? Since Vishu is already a famous festival that is known around the world, there is no doubt that the internet is rich with information about this topic.

It is the same as saying that you want to write about a Christmas essay in Malayalam. You will be spoilt with information about the traditions that led to the festival being formed, what it symbolizes, the activities that people do during this day, and the types of costumes that they wear during the celebration.

The first step in writing the paper is something that you already know. You need an introduction that informs the reader what you aim at achieving in the essay. Write it in a way that will make the reader to be enticed to read the whole paper. You may start by writing something unique about the Malayalam that is not common in other cultures. Such a point may strike the person who is reading and make him or her want to find out more fascinating things about the culture.

The next step is to write the body of your essay. You need to divide this part into sections so that each may cover a different idea. For example, one of the subtopics may be about the history of the Vishu festival. How did it begin? Who was involved in making this event a reality?

After coming up with subtopics, ensure that you write a fresh idea in every paragraph. This is the same way that you do with English essays. Each paragraph has to stand on its own so that you may not confuse the reader by mixing ideas. Research and write a thorough analysis or description of the event depending on the aim of your essay. Note that in Malayalam essay writing, you have to reference your work. This will add credibility to your research, and if you were writing the paper with the aim of getting a good grade, you will definitely achieve this objective.

How to Write a Malayalam Paper Conclusion and Format the Essay

Once you reach the conclusion, it is good to take a break. You may have had enough of all this information that you have found in books and journals. If you have time, a few hours break may be enough if you want to complete your paper the same day. Even fifteen or forty minutes may be enough to rest your mind.

The next step is to start reading the essay from the beginning. As you read, clarify the points that you did not explain in detail when writing the paper. since it is only a few minutes or hours after writing the essay, and you have all the references that you used, this should be easy. You can easily locate the source where you got the information, read, and then add a few details or edit what you wrote to make it better. you should do this for all paragraphs in the body of the assignment.

After this, start writing the conclusion. This should be very easy because you are not introducing any point. You are basically summarizing the work that you have written in the introduction and body of the essay. It is advisable to remind the reader the reason why you started writing the paper, and then give your findings and the final verdict. In the verdict, you may encourage people to learn more about the Malayalam people or state what you have concluded about the culture.

Once you have finalized the Malayalam essay on reading and writing, format the essay. Your professor must have informed you in the instructions about the formatting style to use. If this is not mentioned in the question, it should be indicated in the class notes.

If you were asked to use APA format, ensure that you have a title page with a running head, page numbers, and references at the end of the paper. Note that if there are images or links that you may want to attach in the essay, they should be attached as appendices. The last thing is to pass your essay through a grammar editing software to ensure that you have not missed out on any errors that may lead to potential loss of marks.

Malayalam Essay Sites Writing Guarantees

Sometimes, it may be impossible to write your essay no matter how much you try. Maybe you are learning the Malayalam language for the first time, and you fear that you have not captured the basics of the language. You may also not have enough time to write all the assignments that you have been given in class. In this case, seeking for help from Malayalam essay sites may be very helpful. It may save you from losing marks due to submitting papers late.

We are a reliable Malayalam paper writing service that will help with all your assignments. We will formulate the topic and write the paper on your behalf. Our guarantees include:

• Delivery of papers before the actual deadline.
• Delivery of superior quality essays that follow instructions and answer the question.
• Essays that are 100% unique no matter the topic or deadline.
• Money-back guarantee if you are not satisfied with the final essay that you receive.
• Twenty-four hours of customer service.

We also promise to be in constant contact with you in case of any issues. You have the freedom to talk to our support team or message your writer directly. This enhances our efficiency because it reduces the wastage of time. If you need to give additional details to the writer, you can do this via message. If you are not sure of how to go about it, our support team is always online. They will show you every step of how to place your order and how to download the completed paper.

Hire Our Experts Now

Let one of our experts help with your essay now. Click on the order now button and follow the instructions to place your order. Our support team will assign it to a Malayalam expert immediately you complete the ordering process.

15% OFF Your first order!

Aviable for the first 1000 subscribers, hurry up!

You might also like:

150 Qualitative and Quantitative Nursing Research Topics for Students

Why You Should Read a Data Gathering Procedure Example

What Is Culture and What Are Some Popular Culture Essay Topics?

Money-back guarantee

24/7 support hotline

Safe & secure online payment

How to Improve Your Malayalam Handwriting Speed in 7 Easy Steps

Good handwriting is an essential skill for everyone, regardless of age or profession. It can help you communicate more effectively, make a good impression, and even improve your academic performance. However, many people struggle to write quickly and neatly. If you're one of them, don't worry! There are a few simple things you can do to improve your Malayalam handwriting speed.

In this blog, we'll share seven tips that can help you write Malayalam faster and more neatly. These suggestions will be useful if you're a student, professional, or just looking to improve your handwriting.

1. Use the right tools

The first step to improving your handwriting speed is to use the right tools. This includes using a comfortable pen or pencil and good quality paper. Avoid using pens that are too thin or too thick, as these can make it difficult to write quickly and neatly.

If you're writing in Malayalam, it's also important to use a pen or pencil that is designed for writing in Indian scripts. These pens and pencils typically have a fine tip and soft lead, which makes them easier to use for writing Malayalam letters and characters.

2. Hold your pen or pencil correctly

The way you hold your pen or pencil can also have a big impact on your handwriting speed. To hold your pen or pencil correctly, place your thumb and index finger slightly above the top of the pen and your middle finger below it. This will give you more control over the pen and allow you to write more quickly.

You should also avoid gripping the pen or pencil too tightly. Gripping the pen too tightly can make your hand cramp and tire more quickly, which can lead to messy handwriting.

3. Practice writing regularly

The more you practice writing, the better your handwriting will become. Try to set aside some time each day to practice writing in Malayalam. Even if it's just for a few minutes, regular practice will help you improve your speed and neatness.

4. Write in a consistent size and style

This means that all of your letters should be about the same size and shape. When you're writing in Malayalam, focus on the overall shape of the letters rather than on individual strokes. This will help you write more quickly and neatly.

To get a better sense of the overall shape of Malayalam letters, try looking at examples of Malayalam books available online . You can also try practicing writing the letters in the air before you start writing on paper.

5. Relax your hand and arm

It's important to relax your hand and arm when you're writing. If your hand and arm are tense, it will be difficult to write quickly and neatly.

To relax your hand and arm, try doing some simple stretches before you start writing. You can also try shaking out your hands and wrists periodically while you're writing.

6.  Develop a rhythmic writing pattern

Create a rhythmic writing pattern to build momentum and write more swiftly while maintaining legibility. Find a pace that works for you, and stick to it during your practice sessions. This approach will make your handwriting look neater and help you write more quickly.

To maintain consistency, you can use a lined notebook and also practice the overall shape of the letters, which can be especially useful when writing in scripts like Malayalam.

7. Don't be afraid to make mistakes

Everybody makes errors, particularly while learning something new. It's okay to make mistakes when writing in Malayalam. Simply mark it down, then rewrite it.

Keep practicing and don't give up; that's what's crucial. Writing in Malayalam fast and correctly will come naturally to you with consistent practice.

Additional tips

Here are a few additional tips that can help you improve your Malayalam handwriting speed:

• Keep your paper at a comfortable angle - This will help you avoid having to strain your neck or shoulders while you're writing.
• Take breaks often - If you start to feel your hand or arm cramping, take a break and stretch.
• Do experiments - Try different writing techniques and see what works best for you.

Improve your Malayalam handwriting speed and writing skills with Akshharam's online Malayalam language writing class, designed for learners of all proficiency levels.

We, at Akshharam Malayalam Language Learning School, offer convenient language learning solutions. Our unique online platform is designed for learners of all ages and proficiency levels. Specifically, our Malayalam language writing class online  is the perfect way to improve your Malayalam writing skills.  Moreover, our meticulously integrated modules will help you immerse yourself in the art of Malayalam language writing and achieve your language learning goals.

Take the first step towards mastering Malayalam! Join Akshharam Malayalam Language Learning School online  today and start your journey to fluency!

• Photogallery
• malayalam News
• special stories
• What Are The Things To Consider Before Writing An Article, Here Are The Tips

നിങ്ങള്‍ക്ക് അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന എഴുത്തുകാരനാകണോ? ശ്രദ്ധിക്കേണ്ട ഏഴ് കാര്യങ്ങള്‍

നിങ്ങൾക്ക് നല്ല എഴുത്തുകാരനാവാൻ ആഗ്രഹമുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കേണ്ട കാര്യങ്ങൾ ഇവയാണ്....

​വായനക്കാർക്ക് എന്താണ് വേണ്ടത് ?

പുസ്തകം എഴുതുമ്പോഴും ലേഖനം എഴുതുമ്പോഴും ആദ്യം വ്യക്തമായ ധാരണ വേണ്ടത് ആരാണ് നിങ്ങളുടെ വായനക്കാരനെന്നതാണ്. വായനക്കാർക്ക് എന്താണ് വേണ്ടത്? നിങ്ങളുടെ എഴുത്തിലൂടെ എന്ത് പ്രധാന വിവരങ്ങളാണ് വായനക്കാർക്ക് ലഭിക്കാൻ പോവുന്നത് എന്നെല്ലാം മനസ്സിലാക്കേണ്ടതുണ്ട്. തിരക്ക് പിടിച്ച ലോകത്ത് സമയം പാഴാക്കാൻ താൽപര്യമുള്ളവരല്ല ആരും. അതിനാൽ തന്നെ വായനക്കാരന് വ്യക്തമായി സ്ട്രെയിറ്റായി കാര്യങ്ങൾ പറയുന്ന രീതിയിൽ കാര്യങ്ങൾ അവതരിപ്പിച്ചാൽ നല്ലത്. വായിക്കുന്നവർ ഏത് പ്രായത്തിലുള്ളവരാണ്, അവരുടെ താൽപര്യങ്ങൾ എന്തെല്ലാമാണ് എന്നെല്ലാം അറിഞ്ഞിരിക്കണം.

എഴുത്തിൻെറ ലക്ഷ്യം എന്താണ് ?

എന്തിന് വേണ്ടിയാണ് എഴുതുന്നതെന്നത് വളരെ പ്രധാനമാണ്. ഈ ലേഖനം എഴുതുന്നതിലൂടെ നേരിട്ടോ അല്ലാതെയോ നിങ്ങൾക്ക് എന്ത് നേട്ടമാണ് ഉണ്ടാവുന്നതെന്ന് അറിയണം. കൃത്യമായ ഒരു ലക്ഷ്യമില്ലാതെ എന്തെങ്കിലും എഴുതി നിറയ്ക്കുന്നതിൽ കാര്യമില്ല. ആളുകളെ ബോധവൽക്കരിക്കുന്നതിനാണോ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം നൽകുന്നതിനാണോ നിങ്ങൾ എഴുതുന്നത്. ഒരു പ്രൊഡക്ടിൻെറ ഗുണത്തെക്കുറിച്ചാണോ നിങ്ങൾ എഴുതുന്നത് എന്നതെല്ലാം ശ്രദ്ധിക്കണം. എന്തിന് വേണ്ടിയാണ് എഴുതുന്നതെന്ന് വ്യക്തമായെങ്കിൽ പിന്നെ നിങ്ങൾക്ക് അടുത്ത ഘട്ടത്തിലേക്ക് കടക്കാം.

എഴുത്തിൻെറ സാഹചര്യം

ആരാണ് വായനക്കാരെന്നും എന്തിനാണ് എഴുതുന്നതെന്നും വ്യക്തമായെങ്കിൽ ഇനി എഴുത്ത് കൃത്യമായി പ്ലാൻ ചെയ്ത് തുടങ്ങാം. എന്താണോ പറയാനുള്ളത് അത് കൃത്യമായും വ്യക്തമായും പറയുക. അനാവശ്യ കാര്യങ്ങൾ വിശദീകരിച്ച് വായനക്കാരൻെറ ശ്രദ്ധ തിരിച്ച് വിടാതിരിക്കുക. നിങ്ങളുടെ പോയൻറിലേക്ക് അവരെ എത്തിക്കുക എന്നതിലാണ് എഴുത്തിൻെറ പ്രസക്തി. നിങ്ങളുടെ തലക്കെട്ടിനോട് നീതി പുല‍ർത്തുന്നതായിരിക്കണം എഴുത്തിൽ പറയുന്ന കാര്യങ്ങൾ.

​പരമാവധി എല്ലാം ഉപയോഗപ്പെടുത്തുക

നിങ്ങൾ ഒരു ലേഖനമെഴുതുമ്പോൾ അതിന് ഇത്ര വാക്കുകൾ വേണമെന്നും ഇത്ര പുറത്തിൽ കവിയരുതെന്നുമൊക്കെ നിബന്ധനകളുണ്ടാവും. അത് ഗുണകരമായി തന്നെ ഉപയോഗിക്കുക. ഏറ്റവും ആവശ്യമുള്ള കാര്യങ്ങൾ പറയാൻ ശ്രമിക്കുക. എന്നാൽ എന്താണോ പറയാനുള്ളത് അത് പറഞ്ഞുവെന്ന് ഉറപ്പ് വരുത്തുക. എന്താണോ വായനക്കാരന് നൽകാനുള്ളത് അതിൽ ഊന്നിക്കൊണ്ട് കാര്യങ്ങൾ പറയുകയാണ് ചെയ്യേണ്ടത്. ചെറിയ കാര്യങ്ങൾ കൂടുതൽ ഉദാഹരണങ്ങൾ പറഞ്ഞ് വിശദീകരിക്കാൻ നിൽക്കാതെ ആവശ്യമുള്ള കാര്യങ്ങൾക്ക് കൂടുതൽ പ്രാധാന്യം നൽകുക.

​പുതിയ ആശയങ്ങൾ രൂപപ്പെടുത്താൻ ശ്രമിക്കുക

നിങ്ങളുടെ വായനക്കാരെ ഏറ്റവും നന്നായി ഇടപെടീക്കാൻ സാധിക്കുന്നത് പുതിയ ആശയങ്ങളിലൂടെയാണ്. പറഞ്ഞ് പഴകിയ കാര്യങ്ങൾ പുതിയ കുപ്പിയിൽ പഴയ വീഞ്ഞെന്ന രീതിയിൽ നൽകുന്നതിൽ ആ‍ർക്കും താൽപര്യമുണ്ടാവില്ല. മറ്റൊരാളുടെ സമയമാണ് നിങ്ങൾ അപഹരിക്കുന്നതെന്ന് ബോധ്യം വേണം. കൃത്യമായി ആശയങ്ങളെ ക്രോഡീകരിക്കുക. അതിൽ വായനക്കാരെ താൽപര്യത്തോടെ ഇടപെടീക്കാൻ ശ്രമിക്കുക.

​എവിടെയാണ് നിങ്ങൾ പബ്ലിഷ് ചെയ്യാൻ പോവുന്നത്

ഏത് വഴിയിലൂടെയാണ് നിങ്ങൾ എഴുത്ത് പബ്ലിഷ് ചെയ്യാൻ പോവുന്നതെന്നതും എഴുതുമ്പോൾ തന്നെ വ്യക്തമായിരിക്കണം. നിങ്ങൾ മറ്റൊരാൾക്ക് ഇത് പബ്ലിഷ് ചെയ്യാൻ വേണ്ടി അയക്കുകയാണോ അതോ നേരിട്ട് തന്നെ പബ്ലിഷ് ചെയ്യുകയാണോ ചെയ്യുന്നത് ? എല്ലാത്തിനും ഒരേ രീതി അവലംബിക്കാതിരിക്കുക. കൂടുതൽ റീച്ച് നിങ്ങൾക്ക് കിട്ടുന്നത് എവിടെയാണെന്നാണ് നോക്കേണ്ടത്. അല്ലെങ്കിൽ നിങ്ങൾ മെനക്കെടുന്നത് വെറുതെയാവും.

​ഭാഷാശെലി എങ്ങനെയായിരിക്കണം ?

തുടക്കത്തിൽ പറഞ്ഞ ഏത് തരം വായനക്കാരെയാണ് നിങ്ങൾ ലക്ഷ്യം വെക്കുന്നതെന്നതുമായി ഈ പോയിൻറ് ചേ‍ർന്ന് നിൽക്കുന്നു. ഇംഗ്ലീഷിലാണോ അതോ പ്രാദേശിക ഭാഷയിലാണോ നിങ്ങൾ എഴുതുന്നത്. സങ്കീ‍ർണ പദപ്രയോഗങ്ങളും വാചകങ്ങളുമൊക്കെ ഒഴിവാക്കുന്നതാവും നല്ലത്. പുതിയ കാലത്തെ വായനക്കാ‍രെ മനസ്സിൽ കണ്ടാണെങ്കിൽ അവ‍ർക്ക് രസകരമായ ഭാഷയിൽ എഴുതുക. ഏതായാലും ഭാഷാശൈലി ഏതെന്ന് നിങ്ങൾ നേരത്തെ തന്നെ തീരുമാനിച്ചിരിക്കണം.

Recommended News

ആര്‍ട്ടിക്കിള്‍ ഷോ

The Malayalam Script

All writing systems in India are based on the Brahmi script, the first evidence of which is the group of inscriptions by King Ashoka in the third century BCE. Malayalam has been written in several scripts, including Brahmi, Vatteluttu, Grantha, and modern Malayalam scripts beginning in roughly the ninth century CE.

For English speakers, the Malayalam writing system, or script, may look intimidating. It’s not really. It works a little differently and requires some memorization, but the script is  phonetic , meaning that you say it as you write it (mostly!), and  syllabic , meaning that it’s based on an alphabet and the syllables you can make with an alphabet. With some hard work, you can learn the script within a week and never look back.

There are four types of letters or syllables in Malayalam: initial vowels, consonants, dependent vowels added to consonants, and combining consonants for conjunct sounds. That means there are three tricky parts about learning the Malayalam script for English readers.  1) If a vowel begins a word, you must use its initial vowel  form.  When a vowel occurs in the middle of a word, you must use its  dependent vowel  form. 2) Consonants always have an inherent a-sound, unless they are marked with a different dependent vowel or “cut off” with the special sign that looks like small crescent, for example ത് ല്, or other marker. 3) For some clusters of consonants (str, pl, kr, ty, etc.) you will have to recognize and use a few special combining consonant forms. This guide covers the modern or reformed Malayalam script, established in the 1970s to facilitate typing and computer entry.

Let’s learn the initial vowels first. The chart below is also the alphabetical order for Malayalam vowels. Rounded letters are characteristic of most South Indian language scripts and you will gradually get used to writing with lots of curves. The Roman letter equivalents indicate that most vowels have both a short and a long version. Click each letter below to see a clip showing how each should be written by hand.

Next we come to the consonants. The full chart of consonants (also in alphabetical order) below is organized according to where in the mouth a letter is pronounced (from back to front in the rows) and the addition of aspiration, voicing, or nasalization (from left to right in the columns). Please consult the pronunciation guides for details. For now, first study the chart below to get an overview of all the consonants. Remember that all consonants have an inherent a-sound (short a) without any additional marker. Next, see how each consonant is formed in handwriting by clicking each. All the basic consonants should be formed in a single sequence of curved movements, i.e. your pen should not leave the paper—one complex motion.

To put consonants and vowels together, you need to use dependent vowels. To change the inherent a-sound of a consonant, you add a dependent vowel marker to indicate the new vowel. In the modern Malayalam script described here, all these markers stand apart from the consonant, usually to the right side of the consonant but sometimes on both sides (for ഒ ഓ ഐ and ഔ). (In the old script, some dependent vowels were joined directly to the consonant.)

See below how each dependent vowel connects to the letter ക:

The same dependent vowel markers are used with all basic consonants and the consonant clusters described below. The best way to learn the Malayalam script is to write all the basic consonants with all the dependent vowels over and over again. Try to write each group in a single line on the page. Something like this:

ക കാ കി കീ കു കൂ കൃ കെ കേ കൈ കൊ കോ കൗ ഖ ഖാ ഖി ഖീ ഖു ഖൂ ഖൃ ഖെ ഖേ ഖൈ ഖൊ ഖോ ഖൗ ഗ ഗാ ഗി ഗീ ഗു ഗൂ ഗൃ ഗെ ഗേ ഗൈ ഗൊ ഗോ ഗൗ

Do this twice a day for a week and you will be unable to forget these letters, especially if you pronounce each one as you go. Notice that some initial vowels and several dependent vowels extend below or above the imaginary lines within which each letter is written.

Many Malayalam words end in a special type of vowel that we will call the echo vowel (also called a schwa). Think of it as a kind of half-u vowel sound, a special dependent vowel. Echo vowel has no initial form. It is indicated by a small crescent high and to the right of a basic consonant (്). At the end of a word (where it most frequently occurs), the echo vowel is just another vowel sound.

However, the modern Malayalam script also uses the same symbol to cut off the inherent final a-sound in a consonant. As a general rule of thumb, if the echo vowel is at the end of a word, you can treat it as a half-u vowel sound; if it’s in the middle of a word, it cuts off the a-sound and creates a consonant cluster . Some simple examples with transliteration should illustrate the difference.

ത് (tǔ) as in അത് (atǔ) “that one” ട് (ṭǔ) as in നാട് (nāṭǔ) “country, region” ത്പ (tpa) as in ഉത്പത്തി (utpatti) “origin” ഷ്ട (ṣṭa) as in കഷ്ടം (kaṣṭaṃ) “trouble, problem”

There is another way to cut off the inherent a-sound in a consonant. In Malayalam, it’s called a cillakṣaraṃ , or cillǔ letter. For common words that end in a consonant, a line is drawn vertically to indicate that the a-sound is cut off. In principle, the echo vowel does the same thing, but in practice it’s better to treat echo vowel as a vowel. When words end with one of the following consonants, the cillǔ letter is required. They can also be used in the middle of words with the same effect. While related, therefore, the echo vowel and a cillǔ marker are not the same.

ണ → ൺ (ṇ) ന → ൻ (n) ര/റ → ർ (r) ത/ല → ൽ (t/l) ള → ൾ (ḷ) ക → ൿ (k)

Other consonants do not have cillǔ forms. Those all use the echo vowel marker to create a final consonant, though the half-u sound is often still pronounced.

ഷ് (ṣ) as in മാഷ് (māṣ) “teacher” ഡ് (ḍ) as in ഡേവിഡ് (ḍēviḍ) “David” (name) സ് (s) as in മനസ്സ് (manassǔ) “mind, heart” ങ് (ṅ) as in തെങ്ങ് (teṅṅǔ) “coconut tree”

The use of echo vowel and cillǔ letters is very common and you will pick up how to use each correctly with a little practice.

Many Malayalam words are spelled with doubled consonants, two of the same consonant written together into one syllable. Doubled consonants are written both horizontally and vertically. The second consonant in the cluster often uses a shortened form of the full consonant. Notice particularly the small triangle shape that doubles the letters ച യ and വ. Since doubled consonants occur frequently, you should get comfortable with these combining forms. Letters from the  ക and ങ (nasals) columns (not rows) above frequently double; other letters may double, but more rarely. Here are the most common doubled consonants.

Finally, many Malayalam words combine more than one consonant together into a conjunct or cluster. Usually, a conjunct combines two consonants by joining them horizontally at a common stroke or by using the echo vowel marker on the first. You shouldn’t have to memorize every possible cluster, because the methods or patterns of combining consonants are limited. Notice the patterns in some of the more common conjunct consonants:

Some n-sounds are tricky in how they combine with other consonants.

The remaining conjunct consonants often use the echo vowel marker to make conjuncts. Traditionally, these conjuncts would have been written vertically, with the second letter below the first. You will see both.

Finally, a few special combining consonant markers for the semivowels (യ ര/റ ല and വ) are used to make the writing less cluttered. These frequent combining forms are simplified or stylized versions of the regular consonant. These are the dependent semivowels .

ത് + യ = ത്യ വ് + ര = പ്ര പ് + ല = പ്ല സ് + വ = സ്വ

Once you have mastered the basic consonants and common conjuncts above, you will easily recognize other conjuncts that occur.

Here are a few of the most common mistakes made by people learning to read and write Malayalam.

• Be careful with the dependent versions of ഇ and ഈ below when handwriting. Unless they are clearly written higher than the top of the consonant, they can be confused with the dependent ആ marker. Example: പി vs. പാ.
• The letters പ and വ can be confused. Make sure the initial stroke in പ is small, less than halfway up the final vertical stroke. The top of the initial curved stroke in വ should be even with the top of the final vertical stroke.
• The letters സ and ഡ can be confused, because they are mirrored inversions of each other.
• The dependent vowel  ൃ (from initial ഋ) can easily be confused with the dependent semivowel marker for യ. Remember to close the final curve on the bottom of dependent ഋ. Example: തൃ vs. ത്യ.
• the lower elements of the initial vowels ā, i, ī, u, ū, e, ē, and ai should extend below the line; examples: ഇ ആ ഉ ഏ.
• the dependent u, ū and ṛ vowel markers ( ു  ൂ and ൃ) and all the dependent semivowels (യ ര ല and വ from the previous section) should extend below the line; examples: വു സൂ കൃ വ്യോ ഗ്രു ശ്ലോ and ശ്വ.
• the dependent i, ī, and echo vowel markers should be clearly written above the line:  ി  ീ and  ്; examples: പ്രി ടീ ത്.
• the cillǔ marker should extend above the line. examples: ൻ ൾ.

To put all these syllables together, you simply write each letter/syllable one after the other to form words, left to right.

മ + ക + ൻ = മകൻ “son” പ + ട്ടി = പട്ടി “dog” പോ + കാ +  ം  = പോകാം “let’s go”

In general, to write a Malayalam sentence you just put words together with a space in between each word. However, you will quickly see that Malayalam, like many Indic languages, often makes use of sandhi , joining words together in a composite written form and even sometimes modifying a word’s spelling to make it easier to say—something like the contraction from “cannot” to “can’t” or from “what do you” to “whadya” / “whaccha.” These contractions or joinings occur much more frequently than in English. Unfortunately, they are also not applied consistently in all written Malayalam. For now, we give some simple sentences with each word spaced and some very simple examples of sandhi .

With spaces ഞാൻ വീട്ടിൽ പോകുന്നു. “I am going home.” വെള്ളം തരൂ. “Please give me some water.” എനിക്ക് പഠിക്കാൻ വയ്യ. “I don’t feel like studying.” ചെച്ചി എവിടെ പോയി? “Where did elder sister go?” With simple sandhi അത് ആണ്. → അതാണ്. “That’s it.” (consonant-vowel) നിങ്ങൾക്ക് ഉണ്ടോ? → നിങ്ങൾക്കുണ്ടോ? “Do you have it/any?” (consonant-vowel) അനിയത്തി എടുത്തു? → അനിയത്തിയെടുത്തു. “Younger sister took it.” (vowel-vowel)

"The Malayalam Script" created by Donald R. Davis, Jr. , University of Texas at Austin.

All resources on this site are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License .

Funded by a grant (P017A200040) from the U.S. Department of Education’s  International and Research Studies  program, with additional support from the  South Asia Institute , University of Texas at Austin.

• How it works
• Essay Generator
• Get started

Malayalam essays

Essay • January 4, 2011

What are your chances of writing a Malayalam essay?

Will any student write a Malayalam essay in US? The Malayali diaspora of nearly 5 Million people is spread far and wide both within and outside India. Malayalis outnumber the immigrants from other Indian states in the Middle Eastern countries.

According to FOKANA (Federation of Kerala Associations in North America), about 300,000 Malayalis reside in the US. Conservative estimates do not count more than 200,000 Malayalis in USA. It is a moot question how many of these are students who may opt to study Malayalam. The interest of non-Malayalis, to study the language appears to be very limited. There may be very small opportunities for writing Malayalam essays in the handful of US universities teaching Malayalam.

I was able to gather limited details of US universities teaching Malayalam as a subject. The University of Texas, Austin offers courses in Asian cultures and languages, where it is possible to specialize in Malayalam or take it as a minor. The Asian studies department of the university of Pennsylvania teaches Malayalam language related subjects under the course descriptions of “Beginning Malayalam:MLYM-408” and “Intermediate Malayalam:MLYM-428”. South Asia Summer Language Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison offers summer courses in Malayalam. Perhaps one may write Malayalam essays if one opts for any of these courses.

Irrespective of the language, the basics of essay writing are the same. There is no need to change your paper format s or do anything special in essay editing . Clarity of purpose, logical structure and error free language are required in Malayalam essays also.

There is enough to write about Kerala, the land of the Malayalis. Lush with tropical mangroves, rain forests, pristine beaches and idyllic backwaters, Kerala’s landscape inspires bards and artists. The entire state is a tourist paradise and many call it “Gods own country”.

Early literature of Kerala was in Sanskrit and Tamil. Many Malayalis believe that Cheruseri’s Krishna Gatha, written in the 15th Century AD is the first example of “true” Malayalam literature. The famous poet Ezhutachhan of the 16th Century AD was a prolific writer and is believed to be the father of Malayalam literature.

Kerala is one of the two states in India, which elects Marxist governments now and then. Hence Malayalam has a fair share of left oriented contemporary writings. With over 70% literacy rate Kerala offers ample opportunities for good Malayalam writers.

Samedayessay.com is the best resource for essay help , research paper and dissertation help .

Stuck with your Capstone project? Been there, done that. Now is my turn to help you get over any study difficulty. Learning is fun if you have an experienced expert (like me) by your side.

Keep reading

Hot Debate Topics for College Students in 2023

Foolproof Tips on How to Write a Successful Speech

Calculate my order

• രാജ്യാന്തരം
• മലയാളം വാരിക

ലേഖനം (മലയാളം വാരിക)

Malayalam Essay Writing for Every Malayalam Student

University life is not only fun for students who have to learn some subjects in English and then in Malayalam. The student has to put on different shoes to write these papers because of the differences between the two languages. At first glance, it may seem easy to write these essays and until you get the assignments, you will never know the difficulties you will face.

One of the biggest hurdles is finding essay topics in Malayalam. Students often wonder if they can write about something in Malayalam like they do in English. But what are the easiest topics to write about in Malayalam?

Since Malayalam is a language mainly spoken by the people of the Kerala region of India, it would be easy to write about the culture of these people. You can discover their traditional beliefs, their way of life, their food and much more.

The secret is to find something interesting to write about. Once you find a topic, follow these tips to write a good quality article that will earn you a good grade. These tips will help you improve your grade point average, which is very important for your career after graduation.

Find many essay topics in Malayalam and then pick one.

The best way to start writing an essay in Malayalam is to find many interesting topics. You can’t just find one topic and solve it all at once, because that can end up having consequences. The problem with one topic at a time is that while it may be interesting, it contains little information.

If you decide to study Malayalam, the language of Kerala, there are many things you may want to write about. As mentioned above, you can develop a topic to explore their beliefs, diet and lifestyle.

Another topic that may be of interest to you is the business culture of the people who speak the language. In this section, you may choose to examine their business beliefs and practices, the strategies they use, and the way they build relationships with customers.

It would also be interesting to develop a topic comparing Malayalam culture with that of other peoples, such as English or any other culture you can think of. Such a topic would be information rich.

The last step is the preliminary research to find the topic for which there is enough information. Research all the topics that come to mind so that you can easily choose the best one. These Malayalam writing tips are very valuable if you follow them while writing. They will make your life at university enjoyable and exciting.

Here is how to write an essay on Vishu in Malayalam.

Suppose you decide to write an essay of Vishu on Malayalam, how would you write your essay? Since Vishu is already a famous festival known all over the world, the Internet is undoubtedly rich with information on the subject.

This is the same as saying you want to write an essay about Malayalam Christmas. You will find out a lot about the traditions that led to the birth of the festival, what it symbolizes, the activities people do during the day and the kind of costumes they wear during the festival.

The first step in writing an article is what you already know. You need an introduction that tells the reader what you are trying to accomplish with the essay. Write it in a way that encourages the reader to read the whole article. You can start by writing something unique about Malayalam that is not typical of other cultures. Such a point can impress the reader and make him or her want to know more fascinating things about the culture.

The next step is to write the text of your essay. You should divide it into sections so that each section covers different ideas. For example, one of the subtopics could be the history of the Vishu festival. How did it get started? Who was involved in making it?

Once you have found a subtopic, make sure you write a new idea in each paragraph. This is the same thing you do with English essays. Each paragraph should stand alone so that the reader is not confused by conflicting ideas. Research and write an in-depth analysis or description of an event, depending on the purpose of your essay. If you are writing an essay in Malayalam, remember to refer to your work. This gives credibility to your research, and if you wrote your essay with the goal of getting a good grade, you will certainly achieve this goal.

How to write a conclusion in Malayalam and how to format the essay.

When you have come to a conclusion, it is good to take a break. Perhaps you have had enough of all the information you have found in books and newspapers. If you have the time, a few hours’ break may be enough if you want to get your work done that day. Even fifteen or forty minutes may be enough to quiet your mind.

The next step is to read the essay from the beginning. While reading, clarify any points that you did not explain in detail when writing the essay. Since only a few minutes or hours have passed since you wrote your essay and you have all the references you used, this should be easy. You can easily find the source you got the information from, read it, and then add details or change what you wrote to make it better. You should do this for all paragraphs in the body of the assignment.

Next, begin writing the conclusion. This should be very simple because you are not introducing a paragraph. Basically, you are summarizing the work you wrote in the introduction and the main body of the essay. It is advisable to remind the reader why you started writing the essay, and then formulate your conclusions and give your final verdict. In the sentence, you can encourage people to learn more about Malayalam or talk about your conclusions about the culture.

When you have finished your reading and writing test in Malayalam, format it. Your teacher should have informed you of the formatting style in the instructions. If it is not mentioned in the question, it should be mentioned in the notes.

If you have been asked to use the APA format, be sure to include a title page with the current title, page numbers, and references at the end of the document. If the essay contains images or links that you may want to attach, they should be attached. The last thing you should do is run the essay through a grammar checker to make sure you don’t overlook any errors that could lead to a possible loss of grade.

Guarantees for writing essays on Malayalam websites

Sometimes, no matter how hard you try, it is impossible to write an essay. Perhaps you are learning Malayalam for the first time and fear that you have not mastered the fundamentals of the language. Moreover, you may not have enough time to write all the assignments you are given in class. In this case, it can be very helpful to seek help from Malayalam essay-writing websites. This can prevent you from losing points due to late submission of papers.

We are a reliable Malayalam company that will help you in all your missions. We will formulate the topic and write the article for you. Our guarantees include :

• Submission of documents before the effective deadline.
• Delivery of high quality tests that follow instructions and answer the question.
• Trials that are 100% unique, regardless of subject or term.
• Money back guarantee if you are not satisfied with the completed essay.
• 24-Hour Customer Service.

We also commit to be in constant contact with you in case of problems. You have the option to talk to our support team or send a message directly to your author. This increases our efficiency as it reduces time wasted. If you want to provide additional information to the author, you can do so via a message. If you do not know how to do this, our support team is always ready to help you. They will show you every step, how to place your order and how to download your finished document.

Hire our experts now

Let one of our experts help you write your essay now. Click the “Order Now” button and follow the instructions to place your order. Our support team will assign it to a Malayalam expert who will complete the ordering process immediately.

Related Tags:

malayalam essays on current topics , malayalam upanyasam pdf , malayalam essay for school students , malayalam.essay on internet , malayalam essay competition topics , malay essay topics , malayalam essay topics for students , how to write upanyasam in malayalam , malayalam essays in malayalam font , malayalam upanyasam mathrubhasha , my school essay in malayalam language , education and culture essay in malayalam , value based education essay in malayalam , essay on education , Privacy settings , How Search works , malayalam essays for students in malayalam language , malayalam essay writing topics for school students , malayalam essay for students , malayalam essay topics for college students , malayalam essay sites , malayalam essay topics for class 10

4 Common Errors Many Students Make with Essay Writing

Master Essay For Grad Students: Writing A Winning Application

You May Also Like

2023 Key Information on the Education System in Thailand

Benefits of Court-Approved Domestic Violence Classes Online

What Makes an Effective English Tutor?

8 Common Blog Writing Errors and How to Avoid Them

How To Determine The Area Of An Equilateral Triangle?

Best Sites to Make Short Videos from Templates

Leave a reply cancel reply.

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Malayalam: Scripting Tradition and Modernity

The article explores the rich tradition of Malayalam script and its evolution in the face of modern technologies. It delves into the challenges and innovations in adapting the script to digital platforms while preserving its cultural heritage.

Malayalam literary culture is marked by a number of contradictions.

Malayalam , primarily spoken in the Indian state of Kerala, has relatively few speakers (~33 million) compared to other major Indian languages, but it boasts a robust written culture; Kerala has the highest literacy rate in India, and has done since before Independence.

Malayalam-language newspapers have disproportionately large readerships. Malayala Manorama , for example, is India’s fifth most read newspaper with an estimated 8.3 million readers, behind four Hindi-language newspapers. For comparison, Hindi has more than 500 million speakers, over 15 times as many as Malayalam (according to the 2011 Census).

All of this is despite literary Malayalam’s relatively young existence as a medium of literature, compared to India’s other literary languages.

Linguistically, Malayalam can be traced back to Old Tamil, used for literature as early as the 4th century CE. However, from the 14th century CE onwards, a Malayalam literary form, distinct from Classical Tamil and reflecting local linguistic evolution and social conditions, began to take shape.

In the centuries that followed, Malayalam literature continued to grow, but was yet to find a firm footing as a literary medium. In fact, early 19th-century print culture played an important role in this process, allowing not only for standardisation of literary forms, but also an unprecedented level of text circulation and production.

Print and modern literary movements were important in securing Malayalam’s place in the modern world, helping establish its distinct character and keeping it from being overwhelmed by neighbouring languages with longer and more widespread traditions.

On the graphical level, the Malayalam script is also infamous for having many complex combining forms, arguably more than any other major Indian script. This complexity posed challenges to printers working with metal fonts, challenges that so-called Traditional Malayalam still poses to modern font designers.

How was one of India’s most complex scripts shaped by these same modernising tendencies that Malayalam literature so wholeheartedly embraced? In this essay, we look at the Malayalam Script Reform of 1971, its intellectual and technological lineage, and its consequences.

Pre-modern writing in Kerala

The modern Malayalam script descends from the mediaeval Grantha script, used in the Tamil, Tulu and Malayalam regions to write Sanskrit.

The local variant of Grantha, referred to as ārya eḻuttu (‘noble writing’) in Malayalam, was unsuited to the local vernacular, which featured a number of Dravidian phonemes absent in Sanskrit.

In fact, Malayalam itself was primarily written in the cursive vaṭṭeḻuttu (‘round writing’) script in this period, a script originally from the Tamil region. In pre-modern times, the language variety of Kerala was often still identified as Tamil, and a distinct local linguistic identity had yet to take shape.

The oldest extant written examples of the Malayalam language are also in the Round script, including the famous Vāḻapaḷḷi plates of 882–3 CE. Before printing, the Round script was more popular than the Malayalam script in terms of daily usage.

Around the 1500s, literary Malayalam increasingly began to be written in the Arya script, with letters taken from the Round script to represent Dravidian phonemes. Some orthographic conventions were borrowed from the Round script as well, most notably special letterforms used at the end of syllables, called cillu .

This development was a compromise of sorts, an effort to better accommodate the renewed infusion of Sanskrit loanwords into literary Malayalam, while ensuring that its underlying Dravidian morphology and phonology would still be represented faithfully.

This shared, two-tiered inheritance forms the basis of the modern Malayalam script, and accounts for its ability to write intact (in theory) both Indo Aryan loanwords and its core inherited Dravidian lexicon.

Like much else that characterises modern Malayalam, this parallel system is credited to the legendary Malayalam poet Tuñcattŭ Eluttaccan (albeit without any real evidence).

Early printing outside Kerala

The first book to be printed in Malayalam, Samkṣēpvēdārttham , was printed at Rome’s Polyglot Press in 1772. Alphabetum Grandonico Malabaricum and Centum Adagia Malabaricum followed shortly afterwards. The former is particularly interesting, as a treatise on the Grantha script used in the Malayalam region.

Clement Pianius, a Malayali Christian, cast the font used in these books. The font was reported as tedious to produce, featuring 1,138 individual type punches.

Over the next few decades, more Malayalam books were printed, but outside of Kerala. The first Malayalam font cast in India was at Bombay’s Courier Press, used in the popular Ramban Bible (1811, the first Bible translation into Malayalam), and Drummond’s Grammar of the Malabar Language (1799).

As elsewhere in South Asia, the introduction of printing put pressure on existing multiscriptal traditions. When European missionaries began to print in Malayalam, they preferred Arya script-based writing to the exclusion of the Round script, helping cement the status of the former as Malayalam’s primary script. In fact, the Round script would never even make it into print, although it continued to be used in handwriting 1 .

Pre-print Arya script writing featured a number of complex combining forms: -i, -ī, -u, -ū, -r̥ mātra forms, as well as stacked consonant clusters. These forms carried over into early printing as well, albeit with great inconsistency.

For example, the -ā mātra was the same across consonants, but in the early fonts it would be cast differently with different consonants, reflecting the carelessness of the typographer. In other words, such fonts were not very typographically sound, and were more functional than aesthetic or internally consistent.

These fonts cast outside Kerala all use blockier inscriptional-style letterforms, reminiscent of Grantha inscriptions, different from the Malayalam script in use today.

Benjamin Bailey and early printing in Kerala

Malayalam typographical development took off in earnest with the efforts of Benjamin Bailey, an English missionary associated with the Church Missionary Society (CMS). Bailey was deputed to the town of Kottayam in 1816 to set up a CMS mission station there, at the invitation of the Raja of Travancore.

A press was set up in 1821, to print materials to aid the society’s efforts in preaching and education. But Bailey was keen on printing texts in Malayalam as well.

To that end, Bailey’s CMS superiors sent him a Malayalam font cast at their headquarters at Fort St George in Madras, modelled after the Courier Press font used in the Ramban Bible . Two Malayalam books were printed at the CMS press in 1825, using this font. These books – the Gospel of St Matthew and Ceṟuppaitaṅṅaḷkku Upakārārtham – were the first Malayalam books to be printed in Kerala.

Bailey was unhappy with the results, however. The Madras font was, in Bailey’s own words, ‘very defective’, and even ‘nearly useless’. In letters to Madras, he spoke of its inconsistencies in letter shapes and dimensions, and incorrectly shaped letterforms.

Working with local metalsmiths, Bailey designed a new metal Malayalam font (originally cast in silver), making efforts to adhere to the principles of typography. A complete metal font was ready by 1829, and was used to print a Malayalam translation of the New Testament, supervised by Bailey. His new font was quickly recognised for its superior quality and legibility.

Bailey’s insistence on a high-quality font was mirrored by his painstaking effort in ensuring the entire range of complex combined forms was represented by metal types. In fact, another one of his primary criticisms of the Madras font was its deficiency in type sorts for complex forms.

The only attempt he made at the simplification of the system was to detach -i and -ī mātra forms from consonants altogether. This innovation caught on and has been part of printed Malayalam ever since.

Very significantly, Bailey’s seminal 1829 font introduced rounded letterforms, in contrast to the earlier inscriptional-style fonts. They show strong continuity with those found in paper and palm leaf records from the northern Malayalam region, closer to the Kannada region. They also had the benefit of being more compressed, making it easier to reduce type size. Bailey’s font also halved printing costs, since letters took up less space and could be typeset more easily.

All in all, the visual differences between Bailey’s 1829 font and earlier Malayalam fonts are striking. His rectification of letter dimensions and alignment, as well as letterform variation, gave his font a certain elegance that Malayalam printing had never seen before. According to linguist Rama Warrier, letters in Bailey’s 1829 font mainly started from the baseline and some from the cap line, but in earlier fonts the starting point was often a lot more haphazard.

Bailey continued to design Malayalam fonts. In 1835, he helped the Raja of Travancore set up the Government of Travancore Press, and shared his fonts with the press for their use. He also cast two fonts in 1840, while back in his native England.

Further north, in the northern Malayalam region (ruled by the British from Madras), parallel developments were taking place. The German missionary Hermann Gundert, attached to the Basel Mission (headquartered in Mangalore), arrived in Tellicherry (now Thalassery) in 1839. Initially tasked with imparting religious education, Gundert soon became fascinated by Malayalam and local history. He learned Malayalam and began to work on documenting local culture, language and literature.

Gundert’s contributions to Malayalam were primarily linguistic and philological 2 , but he also oversaw lithographic printing efforts in Malayalam from Tellicherry, including the first Malayalam periodicals, Paścimōdayam (1846) and Rājyasamācāram (1847).

Among Gundert’s contributions is the introduction of the candrakkala symbol ് into printed Malayalam, a half-moon symbol used to mark the word-final schwa /ə/, as in kaḷḷǔ ‘toddy’. This symbol would later evolve to incorporate other functions, and came to play an important role in script reform efforts.

Later, Gundert helped set up the Basel Mission Press in Mangalore, where Malayalam texts were printed using metal fonts (which featured the candrakkala ), alongside texts in the Kannada script (in Kannada, Tulu and Konkani).

Journalism and periodicals

By the mid-1800s, the Malayalam print sphere had begun to expand beyond the religious and educational. Commercial interests and literary figures began to be involved in printing, and modern periodicals were started in Malayalam, setting the stage for a host of new themes, styles and ideas to enter the realm of print.

These literary endeavours sought to reshape and redefine literary Malayalam, to give it a modern identity outside the shadow of Sanskrit and literary Tamil. This was largely an effort to address anxieties around Malayalam’s relatively younger literary identity.

As this modern literary Malayalam took shape, so did a new socio-linguistic identity centred on the language and its speakers. Commercial printing played a key role in this process, just as it did in other literary South Asian languages.

The first privately Malayalam owned press was the Kēraḷavilāsam Press, founded in Trivandrum, the capital of Travancore, in 1852. More would come up in the following years, many even casting their own fonts, fonts modelled after Bailey’s own.

Out of all the players involved, Kandathil Varghese Mappila, the founder of Malayala Manorama (printed at the eponymous Malayala Manorama Press in Kottayam, also founded by him), was a particularly important force in broadening the scope of discourse in Malayalam. Crucially, Mappila’s work, as historian of literature Ashokan Nambiar writes, featured an ‘integration of the coordinates of the printing world: printing, publishing, editing and writing’.

In addition to his many contributions to journalism and publishing, Mappila wrote numerous essays and editorials on Malayalam printing, a subject that had yet to be dealt with in writing. These writings represent his own experiences working with the printing process, but also reveal his vision of adapting print technology to modernising Malayalam.

In an interesting essay, Mappila writes (correctly) how Malayalam’s 56 individual letters were in practice merely base forms, and that the true number of letters in the script would be in the hundreds, making Malayalam a hassle to print. He also observed that the steadily increasing number of English loans were written linearly, since conjuncts were written according to Sanskrit and Malayalam grammatical rules (which did not apply to English). He then argued that since linear conjunct writing was being used anyway, why not extend it to non-English consonant clusters as well, saving printers hours of effort and many rupees?

Mappila went even further and attempted to apply this idea in Malayala Manorama and other periodicals and books published at his press. He used a dot-like diacritic to represent half consonants, allowing for consonant clusters to be written linearly instead of as conjuncts. This attracted criticism from literary figures and was perceived as breaking continuity with older writing, and he soon had to go back to the traditional pattern of complex conjuncts.

Despite its eventual failure, this innovation foreshadowed the convention of using the candrakkala for splitting up consonant clusters.

Mappila also observed that the Koonamavu Mission Press, run by the Roman Catholic Church, had briefly used detached -u, -ū, -r̥ mātra forms in their publications from 1872 to 1873, the first recorded attempt to simplify these vowel mātra forms. To Mappila, this made perfect sense, since it could ‘greatly reduce the stress printers face in printing’.

Unfortunately, with Mappila’s death in 1904, printing as a topic of discourse and intellectual inquiry largely receded to the footnotes of the Malayalam literary sphere for the rest of the pre-Independence era.

20th-century printing and Malayalam font complexities

After Kandathil Varghese Mappilla’s abortive script reform attempt in the late 1800s, no major suggestion emerged for many decades.

Script reform does not seem to have been an active concern for local intellectuals either, who were more focused on debating social issues and working with literary themes. Kerala also lacked major industrial hubs, and local intellectuals didn’t have ready access to advances in print technology, seeming instead to have adhered to existing written standards.

This is in stark contrast to Bombay-based Marathi- and Gujarati-speaking nationalist and literary figures who sought to reshape the very image and structure of the Devanagari script through experimentation with print technology, which we explore at great length in our essay, The Makings of a National Character .

That being said, the Malayalam script continued to evolve, albeit at a subdued pace of its own.

As Malayalam print researcher Shiju Alex writes in an essay , the candrakkala became increasingly used to mark half consonants by the early 1900s, primarily for English loanwords. He also notes that the repham became less common around the same period, since English loanwords represented clusters with ൪, as in പാ൪ക്ക് ‹pārkk› instead of ധൎമ്മം ‹dharmmam›.

The alveolar stop /t/ in English words was borrowed intact into Malayalam 3 , represented by ററ ‹ṟṟ› used for native words. However, in native words, the sound can only appear between vowels and usually only once, whereas English loans disrupted this pattern by introducing it in new positions and even multiple times in the same word. This led to confusing (and somewhat ridiculous) scenarios where a word could feature chained sequences of റ, with multiple theoretically correct readings based on how these sequences were parsed.

On top of these English-induced changes, Malayalam writing came up against forces more technical than linguistic or literary: the increased commercialisation of newspaper text space, and the tedious labour involved in printing Malayalam at scale. Unlike books, newspapers placed a premium on the compactness of text, aiming to fit in as much editorial content and coverage as possible, with extra space able to be sold for advertisements.

In fact, the journalism sphere in Kerala was the most robust in all of India at the time of Indian Independence – in 1951, Malayalam dailies sold almost as many copies as Hindi ones, a language with over ten times as many speakers at the time.

On one hand, the number of unique type punches needed to represent the range of Malayalam letters was roughly a thousand, involving intensive labour in designing and setting these types. On the other hand, typesetting was challenging because graphical elements could break alignment and crowd up precious whitespace.

The ‹r›/‹y›/‹v› combining forms included both descending and ascending elements and looped back around the base consonant, taking up much whitespace and leaving the letter with multiple tiny apertures.

In short, working with metal Malayalam types was challenging.

Frustratingly enough, these challenges arose from the very script grammar of the language – fonts that were faithful to the Malayalam script’s structure would necessarily be difficult to use, and fonts that used simpler forms would by definition produce unfaithful representations of Malayalam.

It’s an open question as to whether or not these issues significantly hindered the development of a wider range of fonts, but it seems highly likely.

Nor were Malayalis unaware of these issues.

A 1953 article in Malayala Manorama pointed out that Malayalam had the most number of individual characters in the world after the complex Chinese character system, making script simplification a very real concern for ‘language patriots’.

Other articles also stressed the need for Malayalam printing at scale in journalism, to keep up with the requirements of the modern world. The contemporary printing process was described as ‘creating an irredeemable expense of time’ with the script making ‘modern typesetting impossible in it’.

One typesetter even half-joked how the total distance involved in walking across the printing room to fetch the necessary punches over the course of a day’s work could amount to many kilometres.

Newspapers occasionally used linearisation to overcome limitations in space, and detached -u, -,ū mātra signs to avoid breaking alignment. But these workarounds functioned on an ad hoc basis, subject to the space available and the forms used.

Responses on an institutional level only emerged after Indian Independence in 1947, with the formation of the Malayalam-speaking state of Travancore-Cochin (from the merger of the erstwhile kingdoms of Travancore and Cochin).

Early script reform and debates: preludes to 1971

After Independence, Malayalam speakers led India in literacy, and Malayalam boasted a robust public literary sphere – yet print technology was seen as lagging behind.

We looked at archival sources in Malayalam to get a sense of the circumstances and ideas that animated these discussions. In fact, most of the materials referenced in this report are being studied and written about for the first time here.

The dissemination of hot-metal typesetting equipment, particularly Linotype and Monotype machines, and typewriters raised the question of how to modernise the Malayalam script 4 . ‘Composing with machines must be implemented if thousands of copies of a newspaper are required to be printed elegantly without mistakes, in a short span of time’, as an editorial summed it up. A 1953 article in Malayala Rajyam went so far as to claim that Malayalam could only call itself a modern language if it could be composed on Monotype and Linotype machines.

In 1951, the University of Travancore at Trivandrum (now the University of Kerala) set up a committee to develop an ‘abbreviated’ Malayalam script.

Key members of the committee included K. Bhaskaran Nair 5 , a zoology professor and Malayalam writer with a keen interest in typewriter design, G. F. Amalanathan, the Linotype-trained superintendent of the Travancore-Cochin Government Press, and K. Godavarma, a literary figure and linguist.

In addition, representatives from Monotype and Linotype attended as technical advisors.

Intriguingly enough, official records of the committee note that the ultimate objective of the abbreviated script was usage on Monotype composition machines, going so far as to call it ‘the reform of the Malayalam script so as to suit the Monotype Machine’.

Nair maintained correspondence with Monotype representatives, revealing his persistence in ensuring that Malayalam would be supported by the company’s machines. He even personally reviewed and suggested edits to prototypes from the company, and devised a core letterset based on a frequency analysis done by Amalanathan. Monotype’s advisor made changes to Nair’s letterset as well. Amalanathan cast a new font based on these discussions, which Monotype tested and then confirmed that it worked on their machines.

The Committee submitted its recommendations in 1953:

The -u, -ū mātra forms would be regularised, represented only as ു, either descending from letters or written to their right. Low-frequency consonant clusters would be represented linearly, using the candrakkala . Certain characters – with less upper whitespace – would use a vertical mark (|) instead of the candrakkala .

Despite these encouraging developments, however, the committee’s efforts appear to have lost steam somewhere along the way. The committee was clear that its suggestions would have to secure public approval first, and in 1953, it seems to have been presented to managing directors of newspapers. As it would turn out, the newspapers were sceptical of the proposed reform, from its recommendations to the collaboration with foreign corporations.

A 1953 article in Deepam cautioned against allowing ‘vested interests from owning Malayalam’. Manorama scoffed at the efforts, pointing out that their early editors-in-chief (including Kandathil Verghese Mappila) had attempted serious script reform before anyone else. It also questioned the expertise of the committee members.

These newspapers also criticised the reform for not going far enough. The unified ു forms were welcomed, but detached forms were suggested instead, with references to the Koonamavu Press’ publications in the 1870s. The selective linearisation of clusters was described as incomplete and insufficient, with Manorama suggesting more far-reaching linearisation. The vertical marker | was ridiculed for being redundant.

In the meantime, the correspondence between Nair and Monotype turned sour over commercial rights and implementation, with both parties reaching an impasse.

Despite public disapproval and the commercial failure of the project, the 1951–53 reform attempt made room for public discourse and debate on the subject of script reform.

The 1971 Script Reform

India’s 1956 linguistic reorganisation of states led to the formation of Kerala state, intended as a political unit representing Malayalam and its speaker community. Broadening the scope of the Malayalam language in administration became a top priority for the state.

Across India, the typewriter had come to represent modernity in the written language, a device that could fuel aspirations of true linguistic and literary maturity. The writing on the wall was clear: if Malayalam was to be the state’s primary language, it would have to be typed, and necessarily be typed with ease and great speed without excessive cost to boot.

Or as one newspaper article put it, ‘the main obstacle pointed out by all departments and employees in making Malayalam the official language is the lack of a good Malayalam typewriter.’

Several themes emerge across writings on script reform, print technology, printing and linguistics in the years between 1951 and 1971, all of them tying back to navigating the complexity of the Malayalam script. An underlying anxiety was the modernisation of the Malayalam language by updating the script to the modern era, since, as one observer wrote, it ‘was designed for the stylus on palm leaves, not for machines’.

Records clearly show how script reform had become a concern that involved a range of interest groups – literary figures, typewriter manufacturers, printers, government officials and managing directors of major newspapers.

Malayalam literary culture had continued to mature, but the script itself with its numerous complex combining forms and contextual variations was poorly suited to the typewriter. A 1971 Mathrubhumi article noted how four or five keys needed to be pressed to write just one letter, and that 500 letters had to be represented with 92 keys.

Clearly, this was a critical juncture for the language.

The Government of Kerala took heed of these concerns, taking the initiative to set up another script reform committee in 1968, with lexicographer and writer Sooranad Kunjan Pillai at its helm. K. Bhaskaran Nair was a member of this committee as well, and a Madras-based representative from Monotype also participated. The director of the Kerala Bhasha Institute (set up in 1968) and the secretary of the state’s Ministry of Education (who convened the committee) represented the government’s involvement.

Crucially, this time the committee included the managing directors of Malayala Manorama , Kerala Kaumudi and Mathrubhumi ( Manorama and Mathrubhumi were, and still are, Kerala’s two most widely read dailies).

The committee submitted its recommendations in 1969, made official by the Government of Kerala in 1971 .

The -u, -ū mātra forms would be reduced to one set of forms, detached from the combining consonant. The -r̥ mātra would be detached from the combining consonant. The dot repham would be phased out. Apart from a set of consonant clusters – mostly consisting of 18 clusters occurring in native Malayalam vocabulary – all other consonant clusters would be represented linearly, with the candrakkala . The special combining forms for ‹y›, ‹r›, ‹v› would be unified and detached from the combining consonant, to allow for more whitespace and legibility. Cillu forms would be retained, for their uniqueness and grammatical function.

A couple of years later, certain additional recommendations came up, based on linguistic concerns.

The high-frequency Sanskrit clusters ന്ദ ‹nd› and ക്ഷ ‹kṣ› would be added to the official character set. The modern combining forms റ്റ ‹ṯṯ› ന്റ ‹nḏ› would be added to the character set, to reduce ambiguity.

This 1971 Script Reform marks the formal birth of so-called Simplified Malayalam, distinguished from older ‘Traditional’ Malayalam. From this point on, Malayalam had two parallel orthographic systems: Simplified Malayalam, intended for printing, and Traditional Malayalam, retained for handwriting.

Script reform principles

The writings of the script reform committees and commentators offer an insight into the scientific and linguistic underpinning of their efforts. Letter frequency analyses for example formed an important component, leading to the later additions of ന്ദ ‹nd› and ക്ഷ ‹kṣ› to the official character set.

Significantly, the suggestions didn’t follow any overarching logical principle of linearisation or simplification, but are instead a set of compromises between print technology capability, text legibility, linguistic and literary considerations, and user convention. It would be inaccurate to see the move as primarily ‘rational’, since it incorporated these numerous socio-linguistic variables.

For example, the 1968 Script Reform Committee wanted to retain distinct combining forms for native (i.e., occurring in inherited Dravidian words) consonant clusters given their elegance and importance for the language. This was done despite the fact that some of them, like ഞ്ഞ ‹ññ›, were distinctly longer than other characters.

Combining forms for Sanskrit clusters on the other hand were marked for linearisation. Many only appeared in obscure words anyway, as frequency analyses showed.

In fact, none of the suggestions were radically novel or without precedent – all of them drew from conventions and symbols already current, ones attempted by earlier printers (including in Kandathil Varghese Mappila’s writings almost a century earlier), and suggested and proposed anew in the years following 1951.

The 1971 Script Reform’s novelty came from its institutionalisation and formal standardisation, not its design or even its suggestions.

Script reform in practice

The scope of the 1971 Script Reform was initially a lot less ambitious, restricting itself to education and government communications. Records show that the traditional orthography was intended to be taught to students after the 2nd grade, but this seems to have been ignored.

Very importantly, newspapers adopted the new orthography in their own ad hoc fashion. For example, Mathrubhumi kept the complex -r̥ form because it featured in their masthead (Mātr̥ubhūmi).

A 1985 analysis by linguist S. Sreekumari shows that Malayala Manorama used linearised clusters more frequently, and Kerala Kaumudi preserved older forms more, with Mathrubhumi somewhere in the middle. To make things more confusing, she also notes that these were tendencies involving a high degree of free variation, with no consistent patterns.

In general, the detached -u, -ū forms have persisted more than linear clusters or simplified ‹r›, -‹r̥› forms and can be seen as the main innovation of the 1971 Script Reform.

Students at schools began to be taught Simplified Malayalam in textbooks, while their parents and visual media around them – including hand-painted signage and movie posters – continued to use Traditional Malayalam. Simplified Malayalam made its way into the mainstream through younger speakers, but it did not displace Traditional Malayalam.

Ultimately, a range of typewriters and metal fonts were in use even well into the 1980s, hindering any envisioned unification of the Malayalam script.

Digital printing and contextual variation

The 1990s ushered in a new radical shift in technology: digital publishing.

The earliest digital Malayalam fonts were ISCII encoded, with each font having a hard 256 character limit. Naturally, this ruled out the inclusion of Malayalam’s vast range of individual combined forms.

In 1997, the Government of Kerala proposed a new set of reforms, which would completely linearise consonant conjunct forms. This suggestion sparked local groups and individuals into action.

Rachana Akshara Vedi, a community group of computer scientists, made efforts to bring the traditional orthography onto digital devices. They came up with an ingenious workaround – using six different fonts in parallel to represent complex combined forms, using a custom-designed text editor.

Rachana’s Traditional-style Malayalam printing workaround caught the attention of important literary figures, and was used to publish books. According to researcher and type designer Santhosh Thottingal, M. T. Vasudevan Nair and M. Krishna Nair were two major writers who were in favour of Rachana’s Traditional Malayalam font, and Krishna Nair even insisted that his weekly newspaper column be printed in Traditional-style letters.

Local newspapers included debates on the ‘return’ to Traditional Malayalam that Rachana had made possible, with Mathrubhumi preferring it and Manorama questioning its feasibility (reflecting earlier debates).

The spark that Rachana lit soon found expression thanks to advances in text encoding. Malayalam was added to Unicode in 1991, and in 2005 the Malayalam character set was expanded, following a report containing a set of recommendations from the Government of Kerala.

A Unicode font called Rachana, featuring Traditional Malayalam combining forms, was designed in 2005 by the Swathanthra Malayalam Computing group in collaboration with Rachana Akshara Vedi and Unicode. The font was added to Linux operating systems.

The Windows XP Service Pack 3 in 2004 added Unicode support for Indic scripts including Malayalam. However, the default Microsoft Malayalam font (following the Reformed orthography) and its rendering engine were of low quality.

Around 2010, the Government of Kerala decided that all computers at government offices and public schools would use free software and Linux operating systems. This move meant that the Rachana font, with its Traditional-style letter forms, entered common usage across the state, even reaching children in their homes via their personal devices.

Options in fonts have only kept growing since then, as have their font rendering engines. At the same time, however, the orthography displayed on an app or a webpage is then completely dependent on the font used by that platform, and on the functionality of the rendering engine. For example, the stock Malayalam font on Android devices uses Simplified orthography, while the default Malayalam font on Linux OSes is Traditional-style.

Today, the limitations of metal font design that once plagued printers working with Malayalam are no longer insurmountable, and the choice between complex Traditional Malayalam and Simplified reformed Malayalam is a question of user preference.

In other words, the Traditional vs Simplified divide has moved from the hard contours of metal type to the abstractions of socio-linguistic variables. Understanding what goes into these choices, contextual preferences and the considerations of design can help font designers break away from this idea of a hard binary.

Traditional vs Simplified: a false binary?

Script debates notwithstanding, popular usage today draws from across the spectrum.

Some elements of the 1971 Script Reform have been adopted so wholeheartedly that not even Traditional Malayalam purists have opposed them. The dot repham (ൎ) and linear ‹nṟ› ‹ṟṟ› forms (ൻറ, ററ) have been fully phased out of Malayalam writing and only appear in older texts.

Today, the debate centres on -u, -ū, -r̥ mātra usage, and complex conjuncts. But even within this, there seems to be a hierarchy, with detached mātra forms being more common than linear conjuncts.

To better visualise and conceptualise variations in preferences, we propose a visual model of the spectrum, from more traditional to more linear – the orthography proposed in the 1971 Standard is on the more linear side of the spectrum.

Digital typography has removed the physical limitations of designing complex forms, bringing variations in user preference and legibility to the fore instead.

At the same time, technology also allows for dynamic combining patterns, where legibility and alignment take precedence over a strict adherence to Traditional-style stacked clusters. For example, a complex combining form like ‹strū› would feature a number of stacked and looped elements, making it awkward to represent faithfully in one letter, without any linearisation to help spread it out and preserve alignment.

There is a tendency for Traditional Malayalam to be written off as outmoded, impractical or even difficult, but that ignores the fact that strong emotional ties to the elegance of Traditional Malayalam persist, especially among the culturally inclined.

Traditional Malayalam is commonly seen as more aesthetic and representative of Malayalam’s uniqueness and literary character, a cultural attitude also reflected in how the 1971 Script Reform sought to retain consonant clusters used in native Malayalam words.

For example, it’s common for school students to attempt to approximate Traditional Malayalam when writing by hand in more cultural or literary oriented contexts, a mark of how closely Traditional Malayalam is linked to these identities.

A 2018 article authored by Malayalam researchers Kavya Manohar and Santhosh Thottingal explores the impact of script reform on visual representations of Malayalam. They show how Traditional Malayalam has enjoyed increasing visibility in recent years, from meme pages to movie titles. The article goes on to document how major newspapers have also announced that they will be reverting to Traditional Malayalam, while publishers increasingly use Traditional-style fonts.

Manohar and Thottingal conclude that the main driver behind this trend back towards Traditional Malayalam seems to be the growing availability of digital fonts that support Traditional Malayalam, but they stress that this trend is underpinned by existing preferences, both cultural and aesthetic.

In other words, when the option to use Traditional Malayalam is available, many users actively prefer it. It cannot be taken for granted that all audiences will prefer Simplified Malayalam by default.

Publishers in particular play an important role in navigating the spectrum of Malayalam script usage, given the importance of literary culture – writing, reading and printing – in Kerala. We spoke to different figures placed in the industry to understand the rationale behind the orthographic choices in their publications, and their perception of reader response. Manuel George, chief visual editor at Malayala Manorama, the most widely read Malayalam newspaper, told us that Manorama uses fonts produced in-house for both their print and digital editions, and these fonts follow the Simplified orthography.

George explained that Manorama believed younger readers would be more familiar with Simplified Malayalam, and likely unfamiliar with certain unique letter combinations in Traditional Malayalam. He told us that Simplified Malayalam had a wider potential reach, since it is also comprehensible to people who prefer Traditional Malayalam.

At the same time, he spoke to us about his team’s plans to design Traditional orthography variants of their fonts, especially for headings and titles. Despite their editorial position, which is to use Simplified orthography, Traditional forms cannot be ignored, and the option to represent them needs to be available, he added.

It is tempting to trace Manorama’s contemporary position back to the newspaper’s response to script reform efforts, and even further to Kandathil Verghese Mappila’s own thoughts on script.

Govind Deecee of DC Books, Kerala’s largest publishing house, told us that their books were mostly printed in Simplified Malayalam (using two in-house designed fonts) for similar reasons of inclusion. Interestingly, however, he added that they were beginning to use Traditional Malayalam for book chapter titles, similar to Manorama. Lettering used for book covers also often incorporates Traditional Malayalam, albeit not necessarily for every letter.

The 2022 Script Reform: 1971 revisited

In mid-2022, the Government of Kerala approved and issued a new script reform order , just over half a century since the 1971 Reform.

The new script reform seeks to update the Simplified orthography by establishing a new standard, one that acknowledges advances in technology. For clarity’s sake, we’ll call this the updated 2022 orthography.

• It accepts the usage of complex stacked consonant conjuncts. • It allows complex ‹r›‹y›‹v› combining forms. • It continues the usage of unified, detached -u, -ū mātra forms. • It continues the usage of linear consonant clusters for certain combinations.

The provisions of the new orthography are illustrated in a document titled ‘Rules for Writing Malayalam’, available online . Pages 1–6 cover the changes it introduces and offer examples of letterforms and comparisons with Simplified Malayalam.

We managed to speak to VP Joy, the Chief Secretary of Kerala, who instituted and chaired the 2022 script reform committee himself. The 15-member script committee comprised, among others, literary figures, including Madhusudhan Nair. The committee’s work has been projected as a pro-Malayalam move aimed at bringing unity to the written language.

When asked why he initiated the recent reform, Joy began by returning to the 1971 Script Reform, and how the large number of unique Malayalam conjunct forms made it a necessity at the time. However, he continued, since computers lack the limitations of metal type, digital fonts allow for a return to the full range of Malayalam’s graphic variation. At the same time, he justified the continued usage of detached vowel markers as ‘more logical’ than bringing back the complex contextual variation of -u and -ū markers.

Joy admitted that adoption will most likely be slow, but he was pleased that there hadn’t been any major opposition or objection to the move, including from literary figures. He was also expecting wider implementation to take time, over the course of a few years.

Joy pointed out that unlike the 1971 reform that required new metal fonts, modern changes to the script are much easier to make thanks to digital technology reducing the level of effort involved.

The main challenges, in Joy’s opinion, will arise from ensuring more and more people use the new orthography, including children learning and becoming comfortable with it, and newspapers and publishers introducing it to older readers.

Interestingly, Joy asserted that a script reform should have been enacted when Unicode fonts were introduced, in collaboration with Unicode itself. This would have ensured greater uniformity and standards compliance at what was a crucial moment in Malayalam’s wider transition to the digital medium.

Speaking of his vision for the reform, Joy shared that the Government of Kerala was working on putting out another 15–20 digital fonts in the new orthography, and that a 140,000-word Malayalam dictionary adhering to the 2022 orthography would be published on the Government site. He also told us that textbooks for the next academic year (2024) would feature reformed spellings.

In his roadmap for the future, Joy plans to introduce the 2022 orthography into the Bureau of Indian Standards and have the standard codified, bringing it into official national policy. If carried out, digital devices would likely have to adhere to the orthography to ensure compliance.

It’s significant that this order is a move to bring the official standard closer to Traditional Malayalam, attributable to a perception of Traditional-style forms as more elegant and ‘authentic’. It reverses some of the changes proposed in 1971 but retains the most radical one.

Once again, we see that detached -u, -ū forms are the primary source of difficulty, reflecting popular variation in usage. In 2022, however, this is because of a perceived difficulty in children learning these forms, rather than any technical issues in representing them.

The order calls for uniformity in written Malayalam, in a time when font usage itself has become so decentralised, with font support dependent on platforms and devices. Additionally, it states that printed text facilitated by digital technology following any other written conventions, including Traditional Malayalam, should be discouraged in the interest of uniformity and standardisation. This stands uncomfortably with the fact that Traditional-style digital fonts are in wide usage and in many cases even actively preferred.

At the same time, the poorly documented variation in practice today results in a lack of reference points for web and software developers and font designers.

The Government of Kerala has set up a web page with a set of fonts, free to download and use. These fonts all follow the 2022 orthography, but were created by forking existing Traditional-style fonts and editing them, which has consequences for their visual consistency and rendering.

Both George and Thottingal also pointed out that the 2022 reformation has yet to make its way into Malayalam textbooks, meaning that it will not be reaching new students – and by extension, new readers of Malayalam – yet.

We spoke to publishers in order to understand their perspective on the proposed script reform update.

Manuel George was ambivalent on the 2022 orthography, telling us that Manorama had no plans to adopt it in the near future, but may decide to assess its feasibility in a few years’ time. Govind Deecee told us that DC Books was similarly not considering any changes to their text-setting, saying that it would require too much effort.

He stressed how even a seemingly minor orthography change will require significant change and re-assessment to existing processes across the board, to various aspects of editorial, design and printing workflows. New fonts would have to be designed, and proofreaders, printers and editors trained in the new system.

Publishers would have to invest significant time, energy and money in their technical and human resources to adapt to what is essentially a minor update. There is also a sense that the 2022 orthography was finalised without sufficient consultation from technical experts on how to ensure font support and rendering, similar to criticism of the 1951–53 reform.

The lack of production-ready fonts supporting the 2022 orthography, as well as the muted response to it from publishers and government agencies, will likely set back any proposed adoption.

Given the uncertainty surrounding the 2022 orthography, we recommend that font designers focus on the two established orthographies, Traditional and Simplified, for now, until the effects of the 2022 reform are clearer. Fonts should be able to balance the two by including features from the other style when needed. Traditional Malayalam persists, and cannot be dismissed as old-fashioned or too complex, even with young audiences.

Malayalam continues to set its sights decidedly on the future, and this vision calls for continued, deeper engagement with reader preferences, letterforms and technology.

Special thanks to Shiju Alex for his painstaking efforts in digitizing old Malayalam texts and making them available online, to Dr. Babu Cherian for sharing his expertise on Benjamin Bailey and early Malayalam printing, and to Santhosh Thottingal for his insights on digital Malayalam typography and computing.

November Malayalam and October Malayalam font families support both simplified orthography as well as the 2022 Script Reform. They are part of the larger November South Asia project .

Tracing Meitei Mayek & Ol Chiki Letters: A Comparative Study

Devanagari – The Makings of a National Character

Karthik Malli

Health Essay

ആരോഗ്യം എന്നത് ഒരു വ്യക്തിയുടെ ശാരീരികവും മാനസികവും സാമൂഹികവുമായ ക്ഷേമത്തെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. ഒരു വ്യക്തി ശാരീരിക അസ്വസ്ഥതകളിൽ നിന്നും മാനസിക പിരിമുറുക്കങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നും മുക്തനായിരിക്കുകയും നല്ല വ്യക്തിബന്ധങ്ങൾ ആസ്വദിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ നല്ല ആരോഗ്യം ആസ്വദിക്കുന്നതായി പറയപ്പെടുന്നു. കഴിഞ്ഞ ഏതാനും പതിറ്റാണ്ടുകളായി ആരോഗ്യത്തിന്റെ നിർവചനം ഗണ്യമായി വികസിച്ചു. നേരത്തെ ഇത് ഒരു വ്യക്തിയുടെ ശാരീരിക ക്ഷേമവുമായി മാത്രം ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നുവെങ്കിലും, ഇപ്പോൾ ഒരു വ്യക്തി നല്ല മാനസികാരോഗ്യം ആസ്വദിക്കുകയും ആത്മീയമായി ഉണർന്ന് നല്ല സാമൂഹിക ജീവിതം നയിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുന്ന അവസ്ഥയെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു.

മലയാളത്തിൽ ആരോഗ്യത്തെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള ഹ്രസ്വവും ദീർഘവുമായ ഉപന്യാസം

ഉപന്യാസം – 1 (300 വാക്കുകൾ).

“ആരോഗ്യം നിങ്ങൾ കഴിക്കുന്നത് മാത്രമല്ല, ആരോഗ്യം നിങ്ങൾ ചിന്തിക്കുന്നതും പറയുന്നതുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു.” ഒരു വ്യക്തി മാനസികമായും ശാരീരികമായും ആരോഗ്യവാനായിരിക്കുമ്പോൾ നല്ല ആരോഗ്യം ആസ്വദിക്കുമെന്ന് പൊതുവെ പറയപ്പെടുന്നു. എന്നിരുന്നാലും, ആരോഗ്യം ഇതിനെക്കാൾ പ്രധാനമാണ്. ആരോഗ്യത്തിന്റെ ആധുനിക നിർവചനത്തിൽ ആരോഗ്യകരമായ ജീവിതം ആസ്വദിക്കാൻ പരിപാലിക്കേണ്ട മറ്റ് പല വശങ്ങളും ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു.

ആരോഗ്യത്തിന്റെ നിർവചനം എങ്ങനെ വികസിച്ചു ?

തുടക്കത്തിൽ, ആരോഗ്യം എന്നാൽ ശരീരത്തിന് നന്നായി പ്രവർത്തിക്കാനുള്ള കഴിവ് മാത്രമായിരുന്നു. ശാരീരിക പ്രശ്‌നങ്ങളോ രോഗമോ കാരണം മാത്രമാണ് അദ്ദേഹത്തിന് പ്രശ്‌നങ്ങൾ അഭിമുഖീകരിക്കേണ്ടി വന്നത്. 1948-ൽ ലോകാരോഗ്യ സംഘടന (WHO) ആരോഗ്യത്തെ നിർവചിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത് ഒരു വ്യക്തിയുടെ മൊത്തത്തിലുള്ള ശാരീരികവും മാനസികവും സാമൂഹികവുമായ അവസ്ഥയാണ്, അല്ലാതെ രോഗങ്ങളുടെ അഭാവം മാത്രമല്ല. ഈ നിർവചനം ചിലർ അംഗീകരിച്ചെങ്കിലും വലിയ തോതിൽ വിമർശിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. ആരോഗ്യത്തിന്റെ ഈ നിർവചനം വളരെ വിശാലമാണെന്നും അതിനാൽ ശരിയല്ലെന്നും പറയപ്പെട്ടു. ഏറെക്കാലമായി അത് അപ്രായോഗികമായി നിരസിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. 1980-ൽ ആരോഗ്യത്തെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള ഒരു പുതിയ ആശയം അവതരിപ്പിച്ചു. ഇതിന് കീഴിൽ ആരോഗ്യം ഒരു വിഭവമായി കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുന്നു, അത് ഒരു അവസ്ഥ മാത്രമല്ല.

ഇന്ന് ഒരു വ്യക്തി നല്ല ശാരീരികവും മാനസികവും സാമൂഹികവും ആത്മീയവും വൈജ്ഞാനികവുമായ ആരോഗ്യം ആസ്വദിക്കുമ്പോഴാണ് ആരോഗ്യമുള്ളതായി കണക്കാക്കുന്നത്.

ആരോഗ്യം നിലനിർത്തുന്നതിന്റെ പ്രാധാന്യം

ജീവിതത്തിലെ വിവിധ ജോലികൾ ചെയ്യുന്നതിനുള്ള അടിസ്ഥാനം നല്ല ആരോഗ്യമാണ്. ഇത് എങ്ങനെ സഹായിക്കുന്നു എന്നത് ഇതാ:

കുടുംബജീവിതം: ശാരീരികമായി അയോഗ്യനായ ഒരാൾക്ക് തന്റെ കുടുംബത്തെ പരിപാലിക്കാൻ കഴിയില്ല. അതുപോലെ, ഒരു വ്യക്തി മാനസിക പിരിമുറുക്കം അനുഭവിക്കുകയും അവന്റെ വികാരങ്ങൾ കൈകാര്യം ചെയ്യാൻ കഴിയാതിരിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നുവെങ്കിൽ, അയാൾക്ക് കുടുംബവുമായി നല്ല ബന്ധം കെട്ടിപ്പടുക്കാനും വളർത്താനും കഴിയില്ല.

പ്രവർത്തനം: ശാരീരികമായി അയോഗ്യനായ ഒരാൾക്ക് ശരിയായി പ്രവർത്തിക്കാൻ കഴിയില്ലെന്ന് പറയുന്നത് തികച്ചും ശരിയാണ്. കാര്യക്ഷമമായി പ്രവർത്തിക്കാൻ നല്ല മാനസികാരോഗ്യം വളരെ അത്യാവശ്യമാണ്. ജോലിയിൽ പിടിച്ചുനിൽക്കാൻ ഒരാൾ നല്ല സാമൂഹികവും വൈജ്ഞാനികവുമായ ആരോഗ്യം ആസ്വദിക്കണം.

പഠനം: ശാരീരികവും മാനസികവുമായ മോശം ആരോഗ്യവും പഠനത്തിന് തടസ്സമാണ്. ശാരീരികവും മാനസികവുമായ ആരോഗ്യത്തിന് പുറമേ, നന്നായി പഠിക്കുന്നതിന് നല്ല വൈജ്ഞാനിക ആരോഗ്യം നിലനിർത്തേണ്ടത് പ്രധാനമാണ്.

നിങ്ങളുടെ ആരോഗ്യം ശ്രദ്ധിക്കുന്നത് വളരെ പ്രധാനമാണ്. നിങ്ങൾ ആരോഗ്യവാനായിരിക്കുമ്പോൾ, നിങ്ങളുടെ ജീവിതത്തിന്റെ മറ്റ് വശങ്ങളും പരിപാലിക്കാൻ നിങ്ങൾക്ക് കഴിയും.

ഉപന്യാസം – 2 (400 വാക്കുകൾ)

ഒരു വ്യക്തി നന്നായി ശാരീരികമായും മാനസികമായും യോഗ്യനായിരിക്കുകയും മികച്ച വ്യക്തിബന്ധങ്ങൾ പുലർത്തുകയും ആത്മീയമായി ഉണർന്നിരിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുന്ന അവസ്ഥയുടെ പേരാണ് ആരോഗ്യം. ആരോഗ്യകരമായ ജീവിതം ആസ്വദിക്കാൻ നിങ്ങളുടെ ആരോഗ്യത്തിന്റെ എല്ലാ വശങ്ങളും വളരെയധികം ശ്രദ്ധിക്കണം.

ആരോഗ്യ മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്തൽ വിദ്യകൾ

നിങ്ങളുടെ ആരോഗ്യം മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്താൻ സഹായിക്കുന്ന ചില ലളിതമായ വിദ്യകൾ ഇതാ:

• ആരോഗ്യകരമായ ഭക്ഷണക്രമം പിന്തുടരുക

ആരോഗ്യം നിലനിർത്തുന്നതിനുള്ള ആദ്യപടി വിവിധ സൂക്ഷ്മ പോഷകങ്ങളാൽ സമ്പുഷ്ടമായ ഭക്ഷണക്രമമാണ്. നിങ്ങളുടെ ഭക്ഷണത്തിൽ പുതിയ പഴങ്ങളും പച്ച ഇലക്കറികളും മാത്രമായിരിക്കണം. ഇതുകൂടാതെ, നിങ്ങളുടെ മൊത്തത്തിലുള്ള വളർച്ചയെ സഹായിക്കുന്ന പയർവർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ, മുട്ടകൾ, പാലുൽപ്പന്നങ്ങൾ എന്നിവയും ദിവസം മുഴുവൻ പ്രവർത്തിക്കാൻ ഊർജ്ജം നൽകുന്ന ധാന്യങ്ങളും ഉണ്ട്.

• ശരിയായ വിശ്രമം എടുക്കുക

നിങ്ങളുടെ ശരീരം ആരോഗ്യകരവും പ്രവർത്തനക്ഷമതയും നിലനിർത്തുന്നതിന് ആവശ്യമായ ഊർജ്ജം നൽകുന്നതിന് ഊർജ്ജം നിലനിർത്തേണ്ടത് അത്യാവശ്യമാണ്. ഇതിനായി 8 മണിക്കൂർ ഉറങ്ങേണ്ടത് ആവശ്യമാണ്. ഒരു സാഹചര്യത്തിലും നിങ്ങളുടെ ഉറക്കത്തിൽ വിട്ടുവീഴ്ച ചെയ്യരുത്. ഉറക്കക്കുറവ് നിങ്ങളെ അലസനാക്കുകയും ശാരീരികമായും മാനസികമായും അസ്വസ്ഥരാക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു.

• വ്യായാമം ചെയ്യുക

നിങ്ങൾക്ക് ഇഷ്ടമുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും ശാരീരിക വ്യായാമത്തിൽ ഏർപ്പെടാൻ നിങ്ങളുടെ ദൈനംദിന ഷെഡ്യൂളിൽ നിന്ന് അരമണിക്കൂറെങ്കിലും എടുക്കണം. വേഗത്തിലുള്ള നടത്തം, ജോഗിംഗ്, നീന്തൽ, സൈക്ലിംഗ്, യോഗ അല്ലെങ്കിൽ നിങ്ങൾക്ക് ഇഷ്ടമുള്ള മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും വ്യായാമം പരീക്ഷിക്കാം. ഇത് നിങ്ങളെ ശാരീരികമായി ഫിറ്റ്‌നാക്കി നിലനിർത്തുകയും നിങ്ങളുടെ മനസ്സിന് വിശ്രമിക്കാനുള്ള മികച്ച മാർഗം കൂടിയാണ്.

• മസ്തിഷ്ക ഗെയിമുകൾ കളിക്കുക

നിങ്ങൾ ശാരീരിക വ്യായാമത്തിൽ ഏർപ്പെടുന്നത് പോലെ തന്നെ പ്രധാനമാണ് മൈൻഡ് ഗെയിമുകൾ കളിക്കുന്നതും. ഇത് നിങ്ങളുടെ വൈജ്ഞാനിക ആരോഗ്യത്തിന് നല്ലതാണ്.

• ശ്രദ്ധ കേന്ദ്രീകരിക്കാൻ

നിങ്ങളുടെ മനസ്സിനെ ശാന്തമാക്കാനും ആത്മപരിശോധന നടത്താനുമുള്ള മികച്ച മാർഗമാണ് ധ്യാനം. അത് നിങ്ങളെ ഉയർന്ന അവസ്ഥയിലേക്ക് കൊണ്ടുപോകുകയും നിങ്ങളുടെ ചിന്തകൾക്ക് കൂടുതൽ വ്യക്തത നൽകുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു.

• പോസിറ്റീവ് ആളുകളോടൊപ്പം ആയിരിക്കുക

പോസിറ്റീവ് ആയ ആളുകളോടൊപ്പം ഉണ്ടായിരിക്കേണ്ടത് അത്യാവശ്യമാണ്. നിങ്ങൾക്ക് ആരോഗ്യകരവും അർത്ഥവത്തായതുമായ ചർച്ചകളിൽ ഏർപ്പെടാൻ കഴിയുന്ന ആളുകളോടൊപ്പം ആയിരിക്കുക, നിങ്ങളെ നിരാശരാക്കുന്നതിനുപകരം നന്നായി ചെയ്യാൻ നിങ്ങളെ പ്രോത്സാഹിപ്പിക്കാനാകും. ഇത് നിങ്ങളുടെ വൈകാരികവും സാമൂഹികവുമായ ആരോഗ്യത്തിന് നല്ലതാണ്.

• പതിവ് പരിശോധനകൾ നടത്തുക

വാർഷിക ആരോഗ്യ പരിശോധന നടത്തുന്നത് നല്ലതാണ്. ചികിൽസിക്കുന്നതിനേക്കാൾ എപ്പോഴും ജാഗ്രതയാണ് നല്ലത്. അതിനാൽ, നിങ്ങളുടെ വാർഷിക റിപ്പോർട്ടിൽ എന്തെങ്കിലും പൊരുത്തക്കേടുകളോ പ്രശ്നങ്ങളോ ശ്രദ്ധയിൽപ്പെട്ടാൽ, നിങ്ങൾ ഉടൻ വൈദ്യസഹായം തേടുകയും അത് വർദ്ധിക്കുന്നതിന് മുമ്പ് അത് പരിഹരിക്കുകയും വേണം.

ഇന്നത്തെ കാലത്ത് ആളുകൾ വളരെ തിരക്കിലാണ്, അവരുടെ ആരോഗ്യം ശ്രദ്ധിക്കാൻ അവർ മറക്കുന്നു. ആരോഗ്യം ഒന്നാമതായി മനസ്സിലാക്കേണ്ടത് ആവശ്യമാണ്. ആരോഗ്യം മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്തുന്നതിനും ആരോഗ്യം നിലനിർത്തുന്നതിനും മുകളിൽ സൂചിപ്പിച്ച കാര്യങ്ങൾ പാലിക്കണം.

ഉപന്യാസം – 3 (500 വാക്കുകൾ)

ശാരീരികവും മാനസികവും സാമൂഹികവുമായ ക്ഷേമത്തിന്റെ അവസ്ഥയാണ് ആരോഗ്യം. ആരോഗ്യം ഒന്നാമതാണ്, മറ്റെല്ലാം പിന്നാലെയാണ്. നല്ല ആരോഗ്യം നിലനിർത്തുന്നത് നമ്മൾ ശ്വസിക്കുന്ന വായു, കുടിക്കുന്ന വെള്ളം, കഴിക്കുന്ന ഭക്ഷണം, കണ്ടുമുട്ടുന്ന വ്യക്തികൾ, ചെയ്യുന്ന വ്യായാമം എന്നിങ്ങനെ പല ഘടകങ്ങളെ ആശ്രയിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു.

ശാരീരിക ആരോഗ്യം പോലെ തന്നെ പ്രധാനമാണ് മാനസികാരോഗ്യവും

ആദ്യകാലങ്ങളിൽ തന്നെ ഒരു വ്യക്തിയുടെ ശാരീരികക്ഷമതയ്ക്ക് വലിയ പ്രാധാന്യം നൽകുമ്പോൾ, വൈകാരികമായും മാനസികമായും ശക്തമായി നിലകൊള്ളേണ്ടതിന്റെ ആവശ്യകതയും പ്രാധാന്യവും പലരും അവഗണിക്കുന്നു. മാനസികാരോഗ്യം നിലനിർത്തുകയും ആ ദിശയിൽ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യേണ്ടത് എത്ര പ്രധാനമാണെന്ന് ആളുകൾ മനസ്സിലാക്കേണ്ട ശരിയായ സമയമാണിത്.

കുട്ടികൾ കഴിക്കുന്ന ഭക്ഷണത്തിന് മാതാപിതാക്കൾ പ്രാധാന്യം നൽകുകയും അവരുടെ ശാരീരിക ആരോഗ്യം ഉറപ്പാക്കാൻ ശുചിത്വ നിലവാരം പുലർത്തുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നത് പലപ്പോഴും കാണാം. പല അമ്മമാരും തങ്ങളുടെ കുട്ടികളുടെ ഭക്ഷണ ശീലങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ച് ആകുലപ്പെടുന്നത് കാണാം. അവർ തങ്ങളുടെ കുട്ടികളെ ശാരീരികക്ഷമതയും ഊർജ്ജസ്വലതയും നിലനിർത്താൻ വ്യത്യസ്ത രീതികൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് ഭക്ഷണം കഴിക്കാൻ നിർബന്ധിക്കുന്നു, എന്നാൽ കുട്ടിയുടെ മനസ്സിൽ എന്താണ് സംഭവിക്കുന്നതെന്ന് അറിയാൻ ഞങ്ങൾ വളരെ അപൂർവമായി മാത്രമേ ശ്രമിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളൂ. മാതാപിതാക്കൾ പലപ്പോഴും തങ്ങളുടെ കുട്ടികളോട് കാര്യങ്ങൾ ചെയ്യാൻ നിർദ്ദേശിക്കാറുണ്ടെന്നും എന്നാൽ അവരുടെ കുട്ടി എന്തിനാണ് കാര്യങ്ങൾ ഒഴിവാക്കുന്നതെന്നോ ചെയ്യാൻ വിസമ്മതിക്കുന്നതെന്നോ വിശകലനം ചെയ്യാൻ ശ്രമിക്കരുതെന്ന് നാം മനസ്സിലാക്കണം. കുഞ്ഞുങ്ങളോടൊപ്പം സമയം ചെലവഴിക്കുന്നതും അവരുടെ വൈകാരിക ആവശ്യങ്ങൾ നിറവേറ്റുന്നതും പോലെ, അവർക്ക് ഭക്ഷണം നൽകുന്നതും പ്രധാനമാണ്.

കുട്ടികൾക്ക് മാത്രമല്ല, എല്ലാ പ്രായത്തിലുമുള്ള ആളുകൾക്കും ഇത് നല്ലതാണ്. ഓരോ വ്യക്തിയും തന്റെ ശാരീരിക ആരോഗ്യത്തിന് നൽകുന്നതുപോലെ മാനസികവും വൈകാരികവുമായ ആരോഗ്യത്തിനും പ്രാധാന്യം നൽകണം. ഇതിന്റെ അഭാവം മൂലം വിഷാദം, രക്തസമ്മർദ്ദം, സമ്മർദ്ദം തുടങ്ങിയ പ്രശ്നങ്ങൾ ജനിക്കുന്നു.

ഇന്ത്യയിലെ ആരോഗ്യ സംരക്ഷണം

ഇന്ത്യയിലെ പൗരന്മാർക്ക് ദേശീയ ആരോഗ്യ ഇൻഷുറൻസ് സംവിധാനമില്ല. നമ്മുടെ രാജ്യത്തെ പ്രധാന ആരോഗ്യ ദാതാവ് സ്വകാര്യമേഖലയാണ് എന്നതിന്റെ കാരണം ഇതാണ്. രാജ്യത്ത് സർക്കാർ ആശുപത്രികളുള്ളിടത്തെല്ലാം സൗജന്യ ചികിത്സയും ജനങ്ങൾക്ക് സൗജന്യമായി മരുന്നും നൽകുന്നുണ്ടെങ്കിലും വൃത്തിയില്ലായ്മ കാരണം പലരും ഈ ആശുപത്രികളിൽ നിന്ന് വിട്ടുനിൽക്കുകയാണ്. ഇതിനുപുറമെ, ഈ സേവനങ്ങൾ സൗജന്യമായി നൽകുന്നതിനാൽ, നീണ്ട വരികളാണ്.

ഓരോ പൗരന്റെയും ആവശ്യങ്ങൾ നിറവേറ്റുന്നതിനായി ഈ സൗകര്യങ്ങൾ നിലനിർത്താനും ഇത്തരം സൗകര്യങ്ങൾ പോലെ കൂടുതൽ ആശുപത്രികൾ സ്ഥാപിക്കാനും സർക്കാർ പ്രവർത്തിക്കണം. ഇന്ത്യയിലെ സാധാരണക്കാർക്ക് ആരോഗ്യ സംരക്ഷണത്തിന് വലിയ തുക ആവശ്യമാണ്. അദ്ദേഹം ഉണ്ടാക്കുന്ന സമ്പാദ്യത്തിന്റെ ഭൂരിഭാഗവും കുടുംബത്തിന്റെ ആരോഗ്യ സംരക്ഷണത്തിനായി ചെലവഴിക്കുന്നു. ഈ പോളിസികൾക്ക് നിരവധി പോരായ്മകൾ ഉള്ളതിനാൽ ഹെൽത്ത് കെയർ ഇൻഷുറൻസ് വാങ്ങുന്ന ആളുകൾക്ക് വിവിധ ചികിത്സകളിൽ പണം ആവശ്യമാണ്.

ജീവിതത്തിന്റെ ഓരോ ഘട്ടത്തിലും മത്സരമുണ്ട്. സ്‌കൂൾ തലത്തിലായാലും കോളേജ് തലത്തിലായാലും, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ജീവിതത്തിൽ ആരോഗ്യപരമായ ശൈലി നിലനിർത്താനാണ് എല്ലാവരും ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നത്. ആരോഗ്യമാണ് ആദ്യം എന്ന സത്യം ജനങ്ങൾ തിരിച്ചറിയണം. ആരോഗ്യമുള്ളവരായിരിക്കുകയും ജീവിതത്തിന്റെ മറ്റ് വശങ്ങളിൽ മികച്ച രീതിയിൽ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ മാത്രമേ നമുക്ക് ഇതെല്ലാം ചെയ്യാൻ കഴിയൂ. നാടിന്റെ പുരോഗതിക്കായി നല്ല ആരോഗ്യ സൗകര്യങ്ങളും സർക്കാർ ഒരുക്കണം.

ഉപന്യാസം – 4 (600 വാക്കുകൾ)

ഒരു വ്യക്തി മാനസികമായും ശാരീരികമായും ആരോഗ്യമുള്ള ഒരു അവസ്ഥ എന്ന നിലയിലാണ് ആദ്യം ആരോഗ്യം അറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നത്. ഒരു വ്യക്തി രോഗബാധിതനാകുമ്പോഴോ മറ്റ് ശാരീരിക അസ്വസ്ഥതകൾ അനുഭവിക്കുമ്പോഴോ ആയിരുന്നു അനാരോഗ്യത്തിന്റെ പ്രശ്നം. എന്നിരുന്നാലും, കാലക്രമേണ ആരോഗ്യത്തിന്റെ നിർവചനം മാറി, ഇപ്പോൾ ഒരു വിശാലമായ വീക്ഷണം ഉൾക്കൊള്ളുന്നു.

ആരോഗ്യത്തിന്റെ വിവിധ ഘടകങ്ങൾ

അടിസ്ഥാനപരമായി ആരോഗ്യത്തിന് അഞ്ച് ഘടകങ്ങളുണ്ട്. ഈ ഘടകങ്ങളെല്ലാം ശരിയായിരിക്കുമ്പോൾ ഒരു വ്യക്തി ആരോഗ്യവാനാണെന്ന് കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുന്നു. ഈ ഘടകങ്ങൾ നോക്കുക:

1. ശാരീരിക ക്ഷമത

ശാരീരിക ആരോഗ്യം ശാരീരികമായി ആരോഗ്യമുള്ളതും എല്ലാ രോഗങ്ങളും ഇല്ലാത്തതുമാണ്. നല്ല ശാരീരിക ആരോഗ്യം ദീർഘായുസ്സ് നൽകുന്നു.

ശാരീരിക ആരോഗ്യം എങ്ങനെ നിലനിർത്താം?

• എല്ലാ അവശ്യ മൈക്രോ ന്യൂട്രിയന്റുകളും ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന ശരിയായ ഡയറ്റ് പ്ലാൻ പിന്തുടരുക
• എണ്ണ, പഞ്ചസാര, ജങ്ക് ഫുഡ് എന്നിവയുടെ ഉപയോഗം കുറയ്ക്കുക
• പുകവലി, മദ്യപാനം, മയക്കുമരുന്ന് ഉപയോഗം എന്നിവ ഒഴിവാക്കുക
• ദിവസവും ആവശ്യത്തിന് ഉറങ്ങുക
• പതിവായി വ്യായാമം ചെയ്യുക
• പതിവ് ആരോഗ്യ പരിശോധനയ്ക്ക് പോകുക

2. മാനസികവും വൈകാരികവുമായ ആരോഗ്യം

ഒരു വ്യക്തിയുടെ മാനസികവും വൈകാരികവുമായ ക്ഷേമവും ഇതിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു. നമ്മുടെ മാനസികാരോഗ്യം അടിസ്ഥാനപരമായി നമുക്ക് തോന്നുന്ന രീതിയെയും വ്യത്യസ്ത സാഹചര്യങ്ങളിൽ ചിന്തിക്കുന്നതിനെയും സാഹചര്യത്തെ നിയന്ത്രിക്കുന്നതിനെയും ബാധിക്കുന്നു. മാനസികാരോഗ്യം മനസ്സിൽ സൂക്ഷിക്കുക, ശാരീരിക ആരോഗ്യം നിലനിർത്തേണ്ടത് പ്രധാനമാണ്.

മാനസികവും വൈകാരികവുമായ ആരോഗ്യം എങ്ങനെ നിലനിർത്താം?

• നിങ്ങളുടെ ശാരീരിക ആരോഗ്യം ശ്രദ്ധിക്കുക
• സ്വയം വിലമതിക്കുകയും ബഹുമാനിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുക
• നല്ലതും പോസിറ്റീവുമായ ആളുകളുമായി ഹാംഗ് ഔട്ട് ചെയ്യുക
• ശ്രദ്ധിക്കുക
• സമ്മർദ്ദം എങ്ങനെ കൈകാര്യം ചെയ്യണമെന്ന് പഠിക്കുക

3. സാമൂഹിക ആരോഗ്യം

സമൂഹത്തിലെ സുഹൃത്തുക്കളുമായും അയൽക്കാരുമായും ബന്ധുക്കളുമായും മറ്റുള്ളവരുമായും പരസ്പര ബന്ധങ്ങൾ വളർത്തിയെടുക്കാനും നിലനിർത്താനുമുള്ള കഴിവിനെ സാമൂഹിക ആരോഗ്യം സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. ഉചിതമായ രീതിയിൽ പ്രവർത്തിക്കാനും വ്യത്യസ്ത സാമൂഹിക സാഹചര്യങ്ങളുമായി പൊരുത്തപ്പെടാനുമുള്ള ഒരു വ്യക്തിയുടെ കഴിവിനെ ഇത് സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു.

സാമൂഹിക ആരോഗ്യം എങ്ങനെ നിലനിർത്താം?

• നിങ്ങളുടെ ചിത്രം വികസിപ്പിക്കുക
• ഫലപ്രദമായി ആശയവിനിമയം നടത്താൻ ആശയവിനിമയ കഴിവുകൾ പഠിക്കുന്നു
• സൗഹൃദവും പോസിറ്റീവും ആയിരിക്കുക
• ദേഷ്യം കൈകാര്യം ചെയ്യാനുള്ള കല പഠിക്കുക
• സാമൂഹിക സമ്മേളനങ്ങളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കുക
• ഒരു നല്ല കേൾവിക്കാരനാകുക

4. വൈജ്ഞാനിക ആരോഗ്യം

ഒരു വ്യക്തിയുടെ മസ്തിഷ്കം എല്ലാ മാനസിക പ്രക്രിയകളും കാര്യക്ഷമമായി നിർവഹിക്കുമ്പോൾ, അവൻ നല്ല വൈജ്ഞാനിക ആരോഗ്യം ആസ്വദിക്കുന്നതായി പറയപ്പെടുന്നു. പ്രക്രിയകളിലും പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങളിലും പുതിയ കാര്യങ്ങൾ ആശയവിനിമയം നടത്തുന്നതിന് ഭാഷയുടെ നൈപുണ്യമായ ഉപയോഗം, നല്ല വിവേചനാധികാരം, ഒരാളുടെ കാഴ്ചപ്പാട്, ശക്തമായ അവബോധം എന്നിവ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു.

വൈജ്ഞാനിക ആരോഗ്യം എങ്ങനെ നിലനിർത്താം?

• ആരോഗ്യകരമായി ഭക്ഷിക്കൂ
• ദിവസവും 8 മണിക്കൂർ ഉറങ്ങുക
• മസ്തിഷ്ക ശക്തി വർധിപ്പിക്കാൻ ബ്രഹ്മി, അശ്വഗന്ധ, കലം തുടങ്ങിയ ഔഷധങ്ങൾ കഴിക്കുക
• ചെസ്സ്, സുഡോകു, വേഡ് പസിലുകൾ തുടങ്ങിയ ബ്രെയിൻ ഗെയിമുകൾ കളിക്കുക.
• അർത്ഥവത്തായ ചർച്ചകളിൽ ഏർപ്പെടുക
• അധികം ഒരുമിച്ച് പ്രവർത്തിക്കരുത്

5. ആത്മീയ ആരോഗ്യം

ജീവിതത്തിന്റെ അർത്ഥം മനസ്സിലാക്കുന്നതിന്, അടിസ്ഥാനപരമായി, ഒരു വ്യക്തിയുമായി ഒരു ബന്ധം സ്ഥാപിക്കുക എന്നതാണ്. ആത്മീയ ആരോഗ്യം കാത്തുസൂക്ഷിക്കുന്നത് ഒരു വ്യക്തിയെ കൂടുതൽ പോസിറ്റീവും പോരാട്ടവീര്യവും ദൃഢനിശ്ചയവുമാക്കുന്നു.

ആത്മീയ ആരോഗ്യം എങ്ങനെ നിലനിർത്താം?

• ആത്മപരിശോധനയ്ക്കായി ദിവസവും കുറച്ച് സമയമെടുക്കുക.
• ചിന്തിക്കുമ്പോൾ നിങ്ങൾക്ക് ശ്രദ്ധ കേന്ദ്രീകരിക്കാൻ കഴിയുന്നില്ലെങ്കിൽ, നിങ്ങളുടെ ചിന്തകൾ ഒരു ഡയറിയിൽ എഴുതുക.
• ആഴത്തിലുള്ള ശ്വസനം പരിശീലിക്കുക
• യോഗ പരിശീലിക്കുക
• പ്രാർത്ഥിക്കുക

എന്താണ് സാംസ്കാരിക ആരോഗ്യം ?

ഇത് അടിസ്ഥാനപരമായി ഉചിതമായ സാംസ്കാരിക വിവരങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ച് പഠിപ്പിക്കുന്ന ഒരു വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ അച്ചടക്കമാണ്. ഫലപ്രദമായ സാംസ്കാരിക ആശയവിനിമയം സ്ഥാപിക്കുന്നതിന് ആവശ്യമായ സാംസ്കാരിക കഴിവുകളെ ഇത് സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു.

ഇത് നാല് വിഭാഗങ്ങളായി തിരിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു:

• ദേശീയം: ഒരു വ്യക്തി ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ മൂല്യങ്ങൾ, തത്വങ്ങൾ, താൽപ്പര്യങ്ങൾ എന്നിവയെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള സാംസ്കാരിക സാക്ഷരതയിൽ ഇത് ശ്രദ്ധ കേന്ദ്രീകരിക്കുന്നു.
• വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്രം: ഇത് മെഡിക്കൽ പ്രതിനിധികളുടെയും സംഘടനകളുടെയും സാംസ്കാരിക കഴിവിൽ ശ്രദ്ധ കേന്ദ്രീകരിക്കുന്നു.
• വംശീയത: ഇത് സാംസ്കാരിക സാക്ഷരതയിൽ ശ്രദ്ധ കേന്ദ്രീകരിക്കുന്നു, അത് ആ വ്യക്തിയുടെ മൂല്യങ്ങളെയും തത്വങ്ങളെയും താൽപ്പര്യങ്ങളെയും കുറിച്ചുള്ളതാണ്.
• വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം: ഇത് വിദ്യാർത്ഥികളുടെയും പ്രൊഫഷണലുകളുടെയും സാംസ്കാരിക സാക്ഷരതയിൽ ശ്രദ്ധ കേന്ദ്രീകരിക്കുന്നു. പല സ്കൂളുകളും അവരുടെ പാഠ്യപദ്ധതിയിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്താൻ തുടങ്ങി.

ആരോഗ്യം എന്നാൽ നിങ്ങളുടെ ശാരീരികവും മാനസികവുമായ ആരോഗ്യം മാത്രമല്ല അർത്ഥമാക്കുന്നത്, അതിനെ കുറിച്ച് മുകളിൽ സൂചിപ്പിച്ച വിവിധ ഘടകങ്ങളും അതിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു. നല്ല ശാരീരിക ആരോഗ്യം ആരോഗ്യകരമായ ജീവിതത്തിന് അടിസ്ഥാനമാണെങ്കിലും, ആരോഗ്യകരമായ ജീവിതം ആസ്വദിക്കാൻ നിങ്ങൾ മറ്റെല്ലാ ആരോഗ്യ ഘടകങ്ങളും നിലനിർത്തേണ്ടതുണ്ട്.

ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട വിവരങ്ങൾ:

ആരോഗ്യകരമായ ജീവിതശൈലിയെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള ഉപന്യാസം

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

You must be logged in to post a comment.

T: +91(0) 484 238 1312

Malayalam Essay Writing Competition

The Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research, St. Teresa’s College (Autonomous), Ernakulam has organized Malayalam essay writing competition as part of reading week celebration conducted in loving remembrance of P.M. Panicker. The topic for the essay writing competition was “ വായനയുടെ മഹത്വം”. The competition was conducted in the online platform due to the corona pandemic. Undergraduate and post graduate students had participated in the competition. Ms. Ann Rivna Rose of I PG Chemistry has secured the first prize and Ms. Keerthana E.B of II DC Economics has secured the second prize. Prizes will be awarded during the valedictory function of the chemistry association.

Share This Story, Choose Your Platform!

Share this story,, latest news.

• Visual Merchandising Project
• Presentation of Indian Costumes from the Historical Periods.
• ORMAKAL 2023-24
• Khadi Fashion Show
• Cleared ACCA Paper F8 – Audit and Assurance & Paper F7 – Financial Reporting
• Cleared CMA Part-2 Strategic Financial Management- B.COM Batch 2021-24
• Hurray….Its the third time that BSc Computer Applications( triple main) has bagged 100% placement milestone.
• Session on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) by Mrs. Mary Andrews.
• CLEARED ACCA PAPER F8,F7
• NEST Industry Immersion Program – PGDM Students II Year

Quick Links

Physical Education

• Teresian International

International Pathway Programme

Right to Information

Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements (ARIIA)

Tenders And Notices

Direct Verify

Alumni (ASTA)

College Virtual Tour

College Magazine

DBT Star College Scheme

Teresian Instrumentation and Consultancy Centre (TICC)

• Faculty login

Student login

Alumni login

Moodle login

Email Login

St Teresa’s College (Autonomous) Park Avenue , Marine Drive, Ernakulam, Kerala 682011

Monday – Friday 8:00 – 17:00 Saturday 9:30 – 17:00

Connect With Us!

Call Us:  0484 2381312 | Email: [email protected]

Email your Message in മലയാളം...

• Malayalam Translation
• Install Malayalam
• Malayalam Alphabet
• Malayalam Letters
• Tamil Translation

Type in Malayalam

• Malayalam Typing
• English to Malayalam Translation
• Malayalam to Hindi
• Kannada to Malayalam
• Malayalam Phrases

Special Characters in Malayalam:

Independent vowels:, dependent vowels:, consonants:, malayalam numbers:.

Subscribe our Channel and Learn How to Type in Malayalam Online in 2 minutes

About our Malayalam typing and translation software:

Features you should know:.

For example, typing "nan malayalikale snehikkunnu" will be transliterated into "ഞാൻ മലയാളികളെ സ്നേഹിക്കുന്നു." .

• Press (Ctrl+G) to switch between English and Malayalam.
• Use the backspace or click on any words to get more choices on a drop-down menu.
• Once you have finished typing , email it to your friends and family.
• Simply copy and paste to post content on Facebook, Twitter, or format it on a text editor such as Word Document.

How to type in Malayalam using English Keyboard - QWERTY keyboard?

To start typing in Malayalam, just type a word as it is pronounced in English. This would then be transliterated into Malayalam. For E.g. if you type "nan ninne snehikkunnu" then it would be transliterated into “ഞാൻ നിന്നെ സ്നേഹിക്കുന്നു” .

If the transliterated word is not what you have expected - either click on the word or use the backspace to get more choices on a drop-down menu.

What is difference between Translation and Transliteration?

A translation tells you the meaning of words in another language. For E.g the translation of "India is multicultural country" would be "ഇന്ത്യ ബഹു സാംസ്കാരിക രാഷ്ട്രമാണ്" in Malayalam. You can use various online tool for translating word, sentence and phrase from English to Malayalam for FREE. Some of the popular translation tool are Google Translator , Bing Translator or use our own Malayalam Translation for FREE.

On the other hand, transliteration software works on phonetics. A transliteration doesn't tell you the meaning of the words but it helps you pronounce them. What you type in Roman script is converted in Malayalam script. For E.g. typing "intya oru bahu sanskarika rajyamnṇ" will be converted into "ഇന്ത്യ ഒരു ബഹു സാംസ്കാരിക രാജ്യമാണ്" .

Therefore, we can say, transliteration changes the letters from one alphabet into the similar-sounding characters of another alphabet. This makes it the simplest and fastest method of typing in Malayalam without practising any Malayalam Keyboard . You can either use Google Input Tool for FREE.

Malayalam Article Rewriter

Get Malayalam Article Rewriter to create quality, plagiarism-free content without wasting your time and effort. Just paste your text and click the "Rewrite Article" button to instantly generate the rewritten content.

Free Online Malayalam Article Spinner

Becoming a writer is not easy. Coming up with new ideas and words every day is a challenging process. Rewriting the text is one solution, but doing it manually is still very important. Our developers created this tool to ease the burden on authors. Our tool is one of the most accurate Malayalam article rewriting tool that automatically edits articles like a human.

What is Article Rewriting?

Malayalam Article rewrites help present information in new ways. Article rewriting involves changing the text by replacing words, phrases, sentences and even entire paragraphs to make the text more unique and attractive. The difficulty is that you have to change all the matching words to make them unique and keep the main idea of ​​the theme the same. To solve this problem, Malayalam Article Rewriter is a very helpful tool in this regard.

Why use SnapWordz Article Rewriter?

SnapWordz Article Rewriter Pro is designed to help people publish plagiarism-free content. It uses advanced algorithms at development time to scan the given content and make the necessary changes to provide a new form of the given content without changing its meaning. This content Malayalam rewriter replaces keywords with their synonyms to keep the words in context and not break the concept of the entire content. Just insert the content you want to spin. Our efficient re-writers first analyze your content and use advanced techniques to rewrite it to avoid plagiarism.

Key Feature of Our Content Rewriter

100% free to use, no limit to rewriting, final proofreading by users, plagiarism removed final result, 100% secure plagiarism changer, why need for malayalam article rewriter tool.

Why do you need an automated article rewrite tool when you can do it manually? Many of you may be wondering why you should rely on an automated tool when you can do it yourself. Of course, anyone can do it manually, but manual rewriting is a difficult task and time consuming. To rewrite an article, you must first go through the entire text multiple times, then think about which words can be replaced, and finally proofread the text. It looks easy, but doing it manually with an upright vocabulary requires a significant amount of time to replace words and maintain textual integrity. Today everyone works hard for a better life. It's not a good idea to waste time on something that can be done in seconds. Our tool is here to save your day.All you have to do is copy and paste and let the AI do the work.

Working Procedure of Article Rewriter / Essay Rewriter

Now the question arises how this tool works. Essay Rewriter is also known as Text Spinner. This tool works by keeping the general idea and changing the text with drastic word replacement. First, examine the text. Then point out words that can be changed in synonyms. This replaces the words but leaves the core concept or idea the same. Create a new wording according to the text provided and compare it with the original to make it your own. Professionals and students often use this tool. The main idea was to make it easier for people who face the burden of work and don't have time to do it.Everyone's vocabulary is somewhat limited and difficult to implement for non-native His speakers. It can be used to eliminate these types of imperfections and limitations.

The Use of Article Spinner

Plagiarism is a big risk for students, content creators, journalists, SEOs, webmasters, digital marketers, and anyone else involved in any type of writing task. Unfortunately, when creating their own content, many fail to deliver the results they need. Plagiarism can appear in content without seeking help from sources on the Internet. This is because multiple people can use similar words, ideas, phrases and sentences. Even if this case is completely unintentional, you still need to remove plagiarism to protect yourself from its consequences. With the help of an online article rewriter, you can easily achieve this goal. Attempting to eliminate plagiarism yourself may not be efficient. Therefore, to deal with this situation, the essay her rewriter should be the first choice. With this tool, plagiarism is completely removed from your content without wasting time and effort.

For Students

For bloggers, for freelancers, for teachers , for webmasters, why snapwordz article rewriter.

Over the years, we have worked hard to meet every possible need of our users. Our developers created this tool to meet user satisfaction. Our tool is one of the most used software in the world and for good reason. Professionals, students and beginners love to use our site for the problems they face while writing. Our tools include an up-to-date database with improved accuracy. You don't need to sign up, pay a fee, provide any details (personal and banking information) and confirm anything to use the text spinner. Our tools are free and can be used as many times as you need. We have developed a tool that can be used easily by anyone regardless of occupation. Simply copy and paste the content you want to review, click "Rewrite Article" and in seconds the text will be read aloud to reveal another, more readable article. Second, our tool allows the user to rotate the text multiple times as desired. A higher number of spins may give users more options to choose what they like. In short, our tool is: • Free for all users • User friendly • All words and grammar rules are up to date • Free to use as many times as you want

How to Write Tips for an Malayalam Article in Just 3 Minutes

Our online content spinner allows you to create unlimited unique Malayalam articles in 3 minutes. There are 3 easy steps to create your own articles on any topic using our free Malayalam article rewriter. • First, search the topic on Google and open 6-7 different links in your browser. Then copy the content of these web pages and paste this text into the input field. • Click on the "Article Rewriter", and it will write unique contents. • If you click "Rewriter Again", It will generate new reparshe contents.

HindiVyakran

• नर्सरी निबंध
• सूक्तिपरक निबंध
• सामान्य निबंध
• दीर्घ निबंध
• संस्कृत निबंध
• संस्कृत पत्र
• संस्कृत व्याकरण
• संस्कृत कविता
• संस्कृत कहानियाँ
• संस्कृत शब्दावली
• पत्र लेखन
• संवाद लेखन
• जीवन परिचय
• डायरी लेखन
• वृत्तांत लेखन
• सूचना लेखन
• रिपोर्ट लेखन
• विज्ञापन

Header$type=social_icons

• commentsSystem

Air Pollution Essay in Malayalam വായു മലിനീകരണം ഉപന്യാസം

Air Pollution essay in Malayalam Language: നമ്മുടെ അന്തരീക്ഷം വളരെയധികം മലിനമായിരിക്കുകയാണ്. നമുക്ക് ജീവിക്കുന്നതിന് അവശ്യം വേണ്ടതായ വായു, ജലം, ഭക്ഷണം എന്നിവ പോലും മാലിന്യവിമുക്തമല്ല. വാഹനങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നും വ്യവസായസ്ഥാപനങ്ങളിൽനിന്നുമുള്ള കരിയും പുകയും അന്തരീക്ഷവായുവിനെ മലിനപ്പെടുത്തുന്നു. കൂടാതെ മനുഷ്യൻ വലിച്ചെറിയുന്ന പച്ചക്കറികളുടെയും മത്സ്യമാംസാദികളുടെയും അവശിഷ്ടങ്ങൾ ചീഞ്ഞളിഞ്ഞ് അന്തരീക്ഷത്തിൽ ദുർഗന്ധം പരത്തു ന്നു. ഇവ വായുമലിനീകരണത്തിന് ഇടയാക്കുന്നുവെന്നു മാത്രമല്ല പല വിധ രോഗങ്ങൾ പരത്തുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. വാഹനങ്ങളും വ്യവസായ സ്ഥാപനങ്ങളും പുറന്തള്ളുന്ന കരിയും പുകയും ശുദ്ധീകരിച്ച് വിടുന്ന തിനുവേണ്ട നിയമങ്ങൾ ശ്രദ്ധാപൂർവ്വം നടപ്പിലാക്കിയാൽ വായുമലിനീ കരണം ഒരുപരിധിവരെ നിയന്ത്രിക്കാം.

100+ Social Counters$type=social_counter

• fixedSidebar
• showMoreText

/gi-clock-o/ WEEK TRENDING$type=list

• गम् धातु के रूप संस्कृत में – Gam Dhatu Roop In Sanskrit गम् धातु के रूप संस्कृत में – Gam Dhatu Roop In Sanskrit यहां पढ़ें गम् धातु रूप के पांचो लकार संस्कृत भाषा में। गम् धातु का अर्थ होता है जा...

• दो मित्रों के बीच परीक्षा को लेकर संवाद - Do Mitro ke Beech Pariksha Ko Lekar Samvad Lekhan दो मित्रों के बीच परीक्षा को लेकर संवाद लेखन : In This article, We are providing दो मित्रों के बीच परीक्षा को लेकर संवाद , परीक्षा की तैयार...

RECENT WITH THUMBS$type=blogging$m=0$cate=0$sn=0$rm=0$c=4$va=0

• 10 line essay
• 10 Lines in Gujarati
• Aapka Bunty
• Aarti Sangrah
• Akbar Birbal
• anuched lekhan
• asprishyata
• Bahu ki Vida
• Bengali Essays
• Bengali Letters
• bengali stories
• best hindi poem
• Bhagat ki Gat
• Bhagwati Charan Varma
• Bhishma Shahni
• Bhor ka Tara
• Boodhi Kaki
• Chandradhar Sharma Guleri
• charitra chitran
• Chief ki Daawat
• Chini Feriwala
• chitralekha
• Chota jadugar
• Claim Kahani
• Dairy Lekhan
• Daroga Amichand
• deshbhkati poem
• Dharmaveer Bharti
• Dharmveer Bharti
• Diary Lekhan
• Do Bailon ki Katha
• Dushyant Kumar
• Eidgah Kahani
• Essay on Animals
• festival poems
• French Essays
• funny hindi poem
• funny hindi story
• German essays
• Gujarati Nibandh
• gujarati patra
• Guliki Banno
• Gulli Danda Kahani
• Haar ki Jeet
• Harishankar Parsai
• hindi grammar
• hindi motivational story
• hindi poem for kids
• hindi poems
• hindi rhyms
• hindi short poems
• hindi stories with moral
• Information
• Jagdish Chandra Mathur
• Jahirat Lekhan
• jainendra Kumar
• jatak story
• Jayshankar Prasad
• Jeep par Sawar Illian
• jivan parichay
• Kashinath Singh
• kavita in hindi
• Kedarnath Agrawal
• Khoyi Hui Dishayen
• Kya Pooja Kya Archan Re Kavita
• Madhur madhur mere deepak jal
• Mahadevi Varma
• Mahanagar Ki Maithili
• Main Haar Gayi
• Maithilisharan Gupt
• Majboori Kahani
• malayalam essay
• malayalam letter
• malayalam speech
• malayalam words
• Mannu Bhandari
• Marathi Kathapurti Lekhan
• Marathi Nibandh
• Marathi Patra
• Marathi Samvad
• marathi vritant lekhan
• Mohan Rakesh
• Mohandas Naimishrai
• MOTHERS DAY POEM
• Narendra Sharma
• Nasha Kahani
• Neeli Jheel
• nursery rhymes
• odia letters
• Panch Parmeshwar
• panchtantra
• Parinde Kahani
• Paryayvachi Shabd
• Poos ki Raat
• Portuguese Essays
• Punjabi Essays
• Punjabi Letters
• Punjabi Poems
• Raja Nirbansiya
• Rajendra yadav
• Rakh Kahani
• Ramesh Bakshi
• Ramvriksh Benipuri
• Rani Ma ka Chabutra
• Russian Essays
• Sadgati Kahani
• samvad lekhan
• Samvad yojna
• Samvidhanvad
• Sandesh Lekhan
• sanskrit biography
• Sanskrit Dialogue Writing
• sanskrit essay
• sanskrit grammar
• sanskrit patra
• Sanskrit Poem
• sanskrit story
• Sanskrit words
• Sara Akash Upanyas
• Savitri Number 2
• Shankar Puntambekar
• Sharad Joshi
• Shatranj Ke Khiladi
• short essay
• spanish essays
• Striling-Pulling
• Subhadra Kumari Chauhan
• Subhan Khan
• Suchana Lekhan
• Sudha Arora
• Sukh Kahani
• suktiparak nibandh
• Suryakant Tripathi Nirala
• Swarg aur Prithvi
• Tasveer Kahani
• Telugu Stories
• UPSC Essays
• Usne Kaha Tha
• Vinod Rastogi
• Vrutant lekhan
• Wahi ki Wahi Baat
• Yahi Sach Hai kahani
• Yoddha Kahani
• Zaheer Qureshi
• कहानी लेखन
• कहानी सारांश
• तेनालीराम
• मेरी माँ
• लोककथा
• शिकायती पत्र
• हजारी प्रसाद द्विवेदी जी
• हिंदी कहानी

RECENT$type=list-tab$date=0$au=0$c=5

Replies$type=list-tab$com=0$c=4$src=recent-comments, random$type=list-tab$date=0$au=0$c=5$src=random-posts, /gi-fire/ year popular$type=one.

• अध्यापक और छात्र के बीच संवाद लेखन - Adhyapak aur Chatra ke Bich Samvad Lekhan अध्यापक और छात्र के बीच संवाद लेखन : In This article, We are providing अध्यापक और विद्यार्थी के बीच संवाद लेखन and Adhyapak aur Chatra ke ...

Join with us

Footer Social$type=social_icons

• loadMorePosts